To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Anxiety disorder.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Anxiety disorder'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Anxiety disorder.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Shaw, Allan. "Functional bowel disorders in anxiety disorder out patients." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288174.
Full text
2
Cowart, Maria Jane Whitmore. "Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Social Anxiety Disorder in Youth: Are They Distinguishable?" Diss., Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37645.
Full textAbstract:
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is defined by persistent, irrational anxiety in social situations while generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is characterized by excessive worry unrelated to any specific situation. These two disorders share some features and are frequently comorbid in children and adults. The current study sought to examine this comorbidity and compare the disorders on a number of dimensions in a clinical sample of children and adolescents. It was hypothesized that SAD would be accompanied by higher levels of social anxiety and behavioral inhibition and lower levels of family expressiveness and social functioning than GAD. GAD was hypothesized to be accompanied by higher levels of worry, physiological symptoms, and anxiety sensitivity and lower levels of school functioning as compared to SAD. Youth with both disorders were hypothesized to function more poorly on all dimensions as compared to either disorder alone. Participants were drawn from a sample of 397 (137 female) youth who underwent psychoeducational assessment. A series of analyses of variance, discriminant function analyses, and factor analyses were performed using the entire sample, and repeated by gender and age group. Results indicated youth with GAD had higher levels of harm avoidance as compared to youth with social anxiety disorder. However, the diagnostic groups did not differ on other features. Moreover, results of factor and discriminant function analyses did not distinguish between the two groups. The pattern of results was similar when examined for gender and age, although some differences emerged. Overall, results suggest SAD and GAD overlap significantly in children, with less overlap in adolescents. This raises questions regarding the validity of current child anxiety taxonomies. Future research should further examine this phenomenon, including longitudinal samples and a wider range of diagnoses.Ph. D.
3
Hammel, Jacinda Celeste McGlynn F. Dudley. "Meta worry and generalized anxiety disorder." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Summer/Dissertations/HAMMEL_JACINDA_58.pdf.
Full text
4
O'Garro-Moore, Jared K. "AN ETIOLOGICAL UNDERSTANDING OF BIPOLAR DISORDER-ANXIETY DISORDER COMORBIDITY: THE ROLE OF ANXIETY SENSITIVITY AND TRAIT ANXIETY." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2018. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/512695.
Full textAbstract:
PsychologyPh.D.
Little to no research has evaluated factors that explain the manifestation and maintenance of bipolar disorder-anxiety disorder (BD-AD) comorbidity. The literature has shown that disruption of social and circadian rhythms is associated with mood episode onset. This association is especially pronounced among individuals who have a sensitive behavioral approach system (BAS). Inasmuch as anxiety sensitivity and trait anxiety have been associated both with BD and social rhythm disruption, it is worth examining whether anxiety sensitivity and trait anxiety confer risk for mood episode onset. The aims of this project were to: 1) evaluate trait anxiety and anxiety sensitivity as predictors of social rhythm disruption and BD-AD comorbidity, 2) examine social rhythm disruption (SRD) as a mediator of the association between trait anxiety and anxiety sensitivity and BD-AD comorbidity status, and 3) explore behavioral approach system sensitivity in these processes as contributing to the vulnerability to BD-AD comorbidity. A sample of 156 young adults participated in a multi-wave study in which they completed diagnostic interviews, symptom measures, and life event interviews which assessed the occurrence of positive and negative life events and the degree of SRD following these events every six months. Partial support for the hypotheses was found. Initial anxiety sensitivity, but not trait anxiety, positively predicted SRD for rewarding life events and follow-up bipolar symptoms. Additionally, SRD following positive life events predicted increases in depressive symptoms, but not hypomanic symptoms. SRD mediated the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, this relationship was stronger for healthy controls than for those with a bipolar disorder (BD) diagnosis or at-risk for developing BD. Moreover, individuals with a comorbid BD-AD diagnosis tended to have greater social rhythm disruption following negative life events than BD only or healthy individuals. Unexpectedly, individuals with comorbid BD-AD did not exhibit greater anxiety sensitivity or trait anxiety. Overall, the results suggest that anxiety sensitivity is a factor that may help to identify individuals who are vulnerable to bipolar symptoms. Furthermore, SRD is a mechanism that may partially explain this relationship.
Temple University--Theses
5
MacCallam, Jackie. "Cognitive appraisals in obsessive-compulsive disorder & other anxiety disorders." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/1138.
Full textAbstract:
This research applied ideas from the cognition-emotion literature to some of the theories in the OCD literature, and in so doing took'Va multi-dimensional approach to the understanding of OCD. The aim of the study was to explore the nature of 'emotionalcognitive profiles'^ of people with OCD,. and to compare these 'profiles' with those of people with other anxiety disorders and people from a non-clinical population. Participants from the three groups i.e. an OCD group, an anxiety group and a non-clinical group were asked to rate a number of appraisal dimensions, in response to four vignettes. There were 10 participants in each group (N=30). The vignettes were constructed to evoke feelings of anxiety, guilt, anger and pride. The responses of each group were then compared. The results showed that when anxiety is evoked, both people suffering with OCD and people suffering with other anxiety disorders, perceived more personal responsibility and more harm to self than the non-clinical group. The OCD group also seemed to perceive more personal responsiblity in the situation of guilt, which provoked discussion about the nature and role of guilt and responsibility in the aetiology and maintenance of this disorder. The results also led to some debate about the relationship between anxiety, depression and OCD and finally, a formulation of OCD was proposed. The formulation was an attempt to incorporate thinking from both cognitive and psychodynamic perspectives and to draw together some of the theories and models of OCD, which had been discussed in the study.
6
Rück, Christian. "Capsulotomy in anxiety disorders /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-769-3/.
Full text
7
Plasencia, Melissa Leili. "Safety behaviours and social anxiety disorder." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/24201.
Full textAbstract:
Two studies examine the validity of a modified version of the Social Behaviour Questionnaire (SBQ; Clark, et al. 1995), an unpublished measure of safety behaviours used by people with social anxiety. Study 1 investigated the underlying structure and psychometric properties of the SBQ in a sample of 269 undergraduate students. Results indicate the SBQ subdivides into two categories of safety behaviours: avoidance and self-monitoring. Study 2 replicated these results in a sample of 62 socially anxious individuals from the community.
Differential effects of these categories of behaviours on the interpersonal relationship were
examined in the community sample using a controlled laboratory social interaction task.
Standard multiple regression procedures indicate that avoidant behaviours are negatively
associated with likability of participants, whereas self-monitoring behaviours were not
significantly associated with likability.
8
Hattingh, Coenraad Jacobus. "Neurobiological aspects of social anxiety disorder." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10865.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis investigates the functional neuroanatomy of SAD [Social Anxiety Disorder] using an activation likelihood-estimate meta-analysis (ALE meta-analysis), and explores the structural basis of SAD using a cortical thickness and subcortical gray matter volume analysis.
9
Flynn, Jessica Jane. "Daily Fear in Social Anxiety Disorder." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1470046109.
Full text
10
Egic, Milica. "Social anxiety disorder : SSRI vs. placebo." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-20230.
Full textAbstract:
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by fear and avoidance of social interactions and situations in which an individual is being the focus of attention. This current thesis aims to examine the efficacy of pharmacological treatment, particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in individuals with a generalized social anxiety disorder (gSAD) in comparison with placebo (no active medication). In this systematic review, Scopus and Web of Science were searched for relevant research regarding the efficacy of the SSRI medication (paroxetine, sertraline, fluvoxamine and escitalopram) in comparison with placebo. Sixteen articles were included in this analysis. Results demonstrated that SSRI medication has greater efficacy in comparison with placebo both in short- and long-term time, prevent relapse in the long-term treatment of SAD and had a beneficial effect on different areas of individuals life's such as work, performance, romantic relationships etc.
11
Enright, Simon James. "Obsessive-compulsive disorder: anxiety disorder or schizotype? : a questionnaire and experimental investigation." Thesis, University of Reading, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357850.
Full text
12
Percy, Ray. "Maternal verbal communication and the treatment of children with anxiety disorders in the context of maternal anxiety disorder." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/370404/.
Full text
13
Hommersen, Paul. "Separation Anxiety Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorder : perceived comorbidity between disorders resulting from ambiguous items and halo effects." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31331.
Full textAbstract:
Although theoretical arguments would suggest little comorbidity between Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD) and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD), epidemiological studies find otherwise. I examined whether ambiguous symptoms and negative halo effects contribute to this comorbidity. In Study 1, 72 mothers read scenarios of children displaying either SAD or ODD behaviors. The SAD scenarios included behaviors considered by judges to be pure exemplars of SAD, as well as behaviors considered to be ambiguous representations of the disorder. ODD scenarios also included both pure and ambiguous behaviors. After each scenario, mothers rated the child on the behaviors presented in the scenario, as well as behaviors of the alternate disorder, and somatic symptoms. Mothers endorsed the ambiguous behaviors presented in the scenarios significantly less than the pure behaviors; and rated the ambiguous behaviors of the non-presented disorder significantly more often than the pure behaviors of the non-presented disorder. This suggests that some comorbidity between SAD and ODD may be explained by the presence of ambiguous items representing the two disorders. For the SAD scenarios, mothers also endorsed non-presented somatic symptoms, suggesting a general negative halo bias in maternal ratings of anxious children. Study 2 used a clinical sample of parents (N = 201) and youth (N = 177) and examined whether using only nonambiguous, or pure, items from commonly used rating scales would decrease the degree of relatedness between SAD and ODD symptoms. Pure anxiety and oppositional scales were created from the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and Youth Self-Report (YSR). In general, the relationship between these pure scales was compared to the relationship between the commonly used, empirically-derived and DSM-oriented scales assessing anxiety and oppositionality on the CBCL and YSR. The pure scales were significantly less related than the empirical or DSM-oriented scales. Thus, the relatedness of the disorders was decreased by assessing only pure exemplars. In sum, the results of these studies suggest that the comorbidity of SAD and ODD observed in epidemiological studies may be partially due to the inclusion of ambiguous items on commonly used rating scales. Implications for clinical assessment and theory are discussed.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
14
Gräsbeck, Anne. "The epidemiology of anxiety and depressive syndromes a prospective, longitudinal study of a geographically defined, total population : the Lundby study /." Lund : Dept. of Psychiatry, Lund University Hospital, 1996. http://books.google.com/books?id=sw9sAAAAMAAJ.
Full text
15
Kujanpää, T. (Tero). "Generalized anxiety disorder and health care utilization." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2016. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526212715.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a mental health problem, which is characterized by excessive anxiety and worry, problems that are difficult to control. In the general population, the 12-month prevalence of GAD is 2-3%, with the lifetime prevalence being about 5%. However, GAD is more prevalent among primary care utilizers i.e. approximately 5-8% of them suffer from this disorder. Earlier studies have revealed GAD to be associated with a high utilization of health care resources. There were four goals of the present study; i) to investigate the prevalence of GAD among Finnish health care high utilizers, ii) to examine the association between GAD and utilization of different health care services at the population level, iii) to determine whether there would be any association between frequent utilization of health care services, GAD and somatic symptoms and iv) to compare the costs associated with GAD in secondary care in Finland with those attributable to major depressive disorder (MDD). In addition, the Finnish translation of the 7-item GAD scale (GAD-7) was validated. In a sample (n=150) of health care high utilizers in northern Finland, the prevalence of GAD was found to be 4%; GAD-7 was a valid instrument for detecting GAD in these subjects. In Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort, there was a significant association between GAD and health care utilization. Those subjects who screened positive for GAD with GAD-7 made 112% more total health care visits than other individuals. The results were statistically significant when controlled for potential confounders. Both GAD symptoms and physical symptoms were risk factors for frequent attendance of health care services, and the individuals who tested positive for GAD exhibited a higher rate of physical symptoms. Secondary care costs of all patients with a new diagnosis of GAD or MDD were calculated 2 years before and after the diagnosis date using the information from the Finnish Hospital Discharge Registers and National Hospital Benchmarking Database. Patients with a history of earlier depression or anxiety disorder had markedly higher costs compared with patients without psychiatric comorbidities. The highest mean individual costs (€19,538) during the 4-year follow-up were observed among patients with new onset of GAD but with a history of other anxiety disorders or MDDTiivistelmä Yleistynyt ahdistuneisuushäiriö on mielenterveyden häiriö, jolle on ominaista ylenmääräinen ahdistuneisuus ja huolestuneisuus, joita on vaikea kontrolloida. Väestöstä noin 2 % on kärsinyt siitä vuoden aikana ja 5 % elinaikanaan. Perusterveydenhuoltoon hakeutuvilla potilailla sen on todettu olevan muuta väestöä yleisempi n. 5-8 %:n täyttäessä diagnostiset kriteerit. Aiemmat tutkimukset ovat viitanneet yleistyneestä ahdistuneisuushäiriöstä kärsivien käyttävän usein runsaasti terveyspalveluita. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli selvittää yleistyneen ahdistuneisuushäiriön esiintyvyyttä terveyspalveluita paljon käyttävillä suomalaisilla henkilöillä, yleistyneen ahdistuneisuushäiriön yhteyttä erilaisten terveyspalveluiden käyttöön väestötasolla, yleistyneen ahdistuneisuushäiriön ja somaattisten oireiden yhteyttä terveyspalveluiden suurkäyttöön ja yleistyneeseen ahdistuneisuushäiriöön erikoissairaanhoidossa liittyviä kustannuksia vertaillen niitä masennukseen liittyviin kustannuksiin. Samalla validoitiin yleistyneen ahdistuneisuushäiriön seulontaan kehitetyn GAD-7 seulan suomenkielinen käännös. Joukossa pohjoissuomalaisia (n=150) terveyspalveluita paljon käyttäviä henkilöitä 4 %:lla todettiin yleistynyt ahdistuneisuushäiriö. Heillä GAD-7-kysely osoittautui toimivaksi seulontatyökaluksi. Pohjois-Suomen 1966 syntymäkohortissa väestötasolla tutkittaessa todettiin yleistyneeseen ahdistuneisuushäiriöön liittyvän runsasta terveyspalveluiden käyttöä. GAD-7-kyselyssä positiivisen testituloksen saaneilla oli kokonaisuudessaan 112 % enemmän terveyspalveluiden käyttöä. Tulokset olivat tilastollisesti merkitseviä myös huomioitaessa mahdolliset sekoittavat tekijät. Lisäksi sekä yleistynyt ahdistuneisuushäiriö että somaattiset oireet liittyivät terveyspalveluiden suurkäyttöön. Sairaaloiden poistoilmoitusrekisteriä ja kansallista sairaaloiden vertailutietokantaa hyödyntäen laskettiin uusien yleistyneen ahdistuneisuushäiriön ja masennuksen diagnoosin saaneiden potilaiden erikoissairaanhoidon kokonaiskustannukset 2 vuotta ennen ja jälkeen diagnoosin. Erityisen suuret kustannukset olivat niillä uuden diagnoosin saaneilla, joilla oli historiassa aiempi masennus tai ahdistuneisuushäiriö. Suurimmat keskimääräiset erikoissairaanhoidon kustannukset (19 538 €) todettiin niillä yliestyneen ahdistuneisuushäiriön diagnoosin saaneilla, joilla aiemmin oli todettu jokin muu ahdistuneisuushäiriö tai masennus
16
Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich. "The many faces of social anxiety disorder." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-88859.
Full textAbstract:
Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is one of the most prevalent anxiety disorders, affecting 7-13% of subjects in the community at some time in their lives. Despite being eminently treatable, it remains largely under-recognised and, therefore, undertreated. The disorder is characterized by a fear of scrutiny by others, with sufferers experiencing excessive anxiety in social and performance situations. This excessive anxiety usually leads to avoidance behaviour that can severely affect normal daily living. With onset commonly occurring during childhood or adolescence, social anxiety disorder may disrupt normal patterns of development of social and personal relationships, often having a long-term impact on emotional stability in social or working life. If left untreated, the course of social anxiety disorder is frequently complicated with comorbid conditions, particularly major depression or substance abuse. This review assesses the size of the clinical problem by evaluating current and lifetime prevalence estimates, age of onset, risk factors and evolution of the clinical course; thereby providing the rationale for early recognition and prompt treatment.
17
Nyroos, Mikaela. "Childhood Test Anxiety - Booster, detainer, disability, disorder." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Barn- och ungdomspsykiatri, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-90530.
Full text
18
Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich. "The many faces of social anxiety disorder." Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2000. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26036.
Full textAbstract:
Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is one of the most prevalent anxiety disorders, affecting 7-13% of subjects in the community at some time in their lives. Despite being eminently treatable, it remains largely under-recognised and, therefore, undertreated. The disorder is characterized by a fear of scrutiny by others, with sufferers experiencing excessive anxiety in social and performance situations. This excessive anxiety usually leads to avoidance behaviour that can severely affect normal daily living. With onset commonly occurring during childhood or adolescence, social anxiety disorder may disrupt normal patterns of development of social and personal relationships, often having a long-term impact on emotional stability in social or working life. If left untreated, the course of social anxiety disorder is frequently complicated with comorbid conditions, particularly major depression or substance abuse. This review assesses the size of the clinical problem by evaluating current and lifetime prevalence estimates, age of onset, risk factors and evolution of the clinical course; thereby providing the rationale for early recognition and prompt treatment.
19
Grace, Caitlin Claire. "Daily emotional functioning in social anxiety disorder." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2020. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/23c87a3ccf87b7ce7728c9888ab2357b6717eec01a257150bb8e67fdb20452a0/16161055/Grace_2020_Daily_emotional_functioning_in_social_anxiety_Redacted.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is characterised by fear or anxiety around potential judgement, scrutiny and negative evaluation by others in social situations. For those with the disorder, social engagement can lead to considerable distress and functional impairment in daily life. Therefore, how individuals with SAD respond to stress, specifically social stress, is of particular importance to the understanding and treatment of the disorder. Much of the existing SAD research has been conducted in the laboratory setting, which provides optimal experimental control but offers little insight into how the disorder plays out in daily life. The symptoms of SAD are context-dependent and fluctuate over time, making them difficult to assess realistically in the laboratory or using retrospective reporting. Ambulatory assessment could deepen our understanding of the symptoms and experiences of those with SAD through frequent assessments in their naturally occurring environment. However, it is difficult to capture how individuals with SAD respond to social stressors using a traditional ambulatory assessment design, as SAD is associated with avoidance of such situations in daily life. This thesis examined the acute social stress response of those with SAD in daily life. A standardised lab-induced social stressor was embedded within an ambulatory assessment design to study the effect of acute social stress on naturalistic subjective and physiological stress responding among individuals with SAD (n = 40) and healthy controls (n = 41). After completing two days of baseline daily life assessment, participants were informed that they would complete a social stress task (the Trier Social Stress Test; TSST) in two days’ time. Following the TSST, participants continued with daily life assessment for an additional two days. This distinguished the anticipatory (days prior to TSST), acute (during the TSST protocol) and recovery (days after TSST) phases of stress responding. Subjective responses were assessed using a smartphone app called SEMA and physiological responses were collected on three days (once during each phase) through ambulatory saliva sampling. The first empirical study of this thesis (Study 1, Chapter 6) reports on the acute social stress response to the TSST assessed in the lab, compared between individuals with SAD versus healthy controls. The second large scale empirical study (Study 2, Chapter 7) reports the results of naturalistic responding to the TSST in daily life, captured using ambulatory assessment, in the same participants. Results from the two empirical studies demonstrated that overall individuals with SAD reported a significantly worse experience across all measures of affect, self-esteem and threatawareness when compared to healthy controls. Between group comparison during the anticipation of social stress in daily life found those with SAD responded with increased anxiety, reduced happiness and less appearance satisfaction, when compared to healthy controls and baseline. In response to social stress, SAD individuals responded with increased stress sensitivity in their subjective experience in the lab and outside of the lab in daily life, seen in the increased anxiety and anger, reduced happiness and less appearance satisfaction reported during the recovery from a social stressor, compared to healthy controls. However, between group comparison revealed no physiological (salivary cortisol) differences were observed between SAD and healthy controls in either the lab or daily life settings. Overall, this thesis adds novel information to the understanding of SAD, especially to the subjective and physiological experience of SAD in daily life in response to social stress. This thesis supports models of SAD that highlight cognitive, psychological and behavioural factors in the aetiology and maintenance of the disorder. Lastly, this thesis provides a valuable source in the form of a laboratory manual (see Chapter 5) to ease the application of implementing the TSST by other researchers.
20
Thompson, Rachel Diane. "A Taxometric Investigation of Generalized Anxiety Disorder." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1185819016.
Full text
21
Fällmark, Amanda. "Social anxiety disorder : Amygdala activation and connectivity." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för biovetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-20176.
Full textAbstract:
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) interferes with everyday life. It can, for instance, hinder careers, relationships, and leisure time. It is a common anxiety disorder that was neglected for decades. SAD individuals crave and fear social interactions simultaneously, leading to isolation in our highly social world. Therefore, research surrounding these kinds of disorders is essential. This systematic review has focused on the neural aspects and differences between SAD and healthy controls surrounding amygdala activation and connectivity. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies conducted using social and emotional tasks were included. Findings include increased amygdala activation to fearful faces and words and a positive correlation between amygdala activation and symptom severity. Further, deficits in emotion regulation and a finding of gradual habituation have been found in SAD compared to healthy controls. Some limitations to this research are the small sample sizes used in the included articles and the use of both SAD and individuals with generalized SAD. The study is essential to assess future questions and directions regarding diagnosis, treatment, and understanding of SAD.
22
Crawley, Sarah. "Somatic Complaints in Anxious Youth." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2011. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/155885.
Full textAbstract:
PsychologyPh.D.
Objective: This study examined (a) the distribution of physical symptoms in youth with specific primary anxiety disorders (i.e. separation anxiety disorder [SAD], generalized anxiety disorder [GAD], and social phobia [SP]) and (b) their response to treatment with cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT; 14 sessions of CBT over the course of 12 weeks), medication, combination therapy (CBT + medication), or pill placebo in a sample. Method: Anxiety disordered youth (N = 488, age 7-17) who met criteria for a primary diagnosis of GAD, SAD, and/or SP as part of the Child/Adolescent Anxiety Multimodal Study (CAMS; Walkup et al. 2008) were included in this study. The sample was diverse and included children with comorbid secondary diagnoses. Results: The most common somatic complaints were headache, stomach pain or aches, feeling drowsy or too sleepy, head cold or sniffles, and sleeplessness. The distribution of these complaints did not differ across diagnostic groups. The number and severity of physical symptoms decreased over the course of treatment. Treatment condition, including placebo, was unrelated to the number and severity of physical symptoms posttreatment. Conclusions: Treatment of anxiety leads to a decrease in the number and severity of physical symptoms experienced in anxiety-disordered youth, irrespective of treatment type.
Temple University--Theses
23
Yngve, Adam. "Resilience against social anxiety : The role of social networks in social anxiety disorder." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för beteendevetenskap och lärande, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-131140.
Full textAbstract:
Resilience refers to the capacity to quickly return to normal levels of functioning in the face of adversity. This capacity has previously been linked to social support. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of social networks in the association between resilience and social anxiety in a clinical group with social anxiety disorder (n = 41) and a control group of university students (n = 40). The results showed that controls were significantly more resilient than the clinical group. Controls had significantly larger, more diverse and active social networks than the clinical group. Resilience was negatively associated with social anxiety in both groups. In the clinical group, there was a significant partial mediation effect of resilience on social anxiety through the size of the social network, a x b = –0.33, 95% CI [–0.718, –0.111]. Potential clinical applications of these results were discussed.
24
Sargeant, Elizabeth. "Attentional bias modification training for generalised anxiety disorder." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.617827.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis comprises a literature review and empirical study relating to Attentional Bias Modification Training (ABMT) and Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD). Following a general introduction of GAD, the literature review explores the cognitive models of GAD that place an emphasis on attentional bias. These models propose attentional bias as a key factor in developing and maintaining GAD. The dot probe and emotional stroop task have demonstrated empirical evidence of the relationship between attentional bias and GAD. ABMT represents a new paradigm for testing the relationship between attentional bias and GAD. ABMT uses contingency training to implicitly modify attentional bias to either increase vigilance to threat or avoid threat stimuli. ABMT represents a relatively novel treatment for GAD. Research that has explored the effectiveness of ABMT in treating GAD is discussed. Based on a critical evaluation of the current evidence base, there is emerging evidence to suggest that ABMT does represent a novel treatment for GAD and future research questions are suggested. The empirical paper investigates the effectiveness of ABMT in training an attentional bias from threat vigilance towards threat avoidance in a student population. Following training, symptoms of GAD were induced through the use of 7.5% CO2 challenge to evaluate the prophylactic effects of ABMT, compared to an active relaxation control group. The results of the study show that ABMT significantly changed attentional bias in the expected direction. The CO2 inhalation effectively induced anxiety across all participants. However, ABMT did not attenuate anxiety following the CO2 challenge. Correlations within the ABMT group demonstrated a relationship with attentional bias and anxiety as measured by physiological responses. The results of the study are discussed in relation to theoretical models and empirical research. Clinical implications of the study are considered and suggestions of future research as a result of the findings are also proposed.
25
Alvares, Gail Alviza. "Behavioral and autonomic inflexibility in social anxiety disorder." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12639.
Full textAbstract:
Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is a persistent and disabling disorder characterized by fears of negative evaluation and marked avoidance of social situations. Although influential psychological models have highlighted important cognitive and behavioral etiological features, none have specifically examined relationships with cardiovascular activity or decision-making as potential markers of dysfunction. Two such markers were explored in the present thesis: heart rate variability (HRV) and goal-directed behavior. Results demonstrated that although individuals with SAD exhibit decreased autonomic flexibility, this reduction did not predict changes in treatment outcome. Results also showed that impairments in goal-directed actions were characteristic of patients with SAD. In particular, this behavioral index was positively associated with symptom severity and predicted treatment outcome. The cumulative program of research presented in this thesis suggests that both autonomic and behavioral inflexibility are evident in SAD; both may therefore play a role in the etiology of the disorder and contribute to treatment outcomes. These results highlight the importance of targeted physiological and behavioral treatments, such as modifying cardiovascular disease risk factors or specific behavioral exposure therapies. Considering highly variable responses to psychological or pharmacological treatments in SAD, further investigation of the autonomic and behavioral factors in SAD may improve overall treatment outcomes.
26
Kerns, Connor Morrow. "Typical and Atypical Anxiety in Autism Spectrum Disorder." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2013. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/214770.
Full textAbstract:
PsychologyPh.D.
Objective. There is confusion regarding the presentation and correct classification of anxiety symptoms in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) as comorbid anxiety disorders, core ASD symptoms or a separate syndrome. The present study examined the degree to which Diagnostic Statistical Manual-Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) anxiety disorders ("typical anxiety") can be reliably distinguished from atypical presentations in ASD ("atypical anxiety"). To inform their classification, the study also assessed how these typical and atypical presentations were differentially related to child characteristics (i.e. IQ, language ability) and features of anxiety disorders (i.e., anxious self-talk) and ASDs (i.e., ASD symptomology, sensory abnormalities). Method. Youth (N = 59; 7 - 17 years; IQ > 60) diagnosed with ASD and their parents completed a semi-structured diagnostic interview (ADIS-C/P) adapted to measure both typical and atypical presentations of anxiety as well as self- and parent-report measures. Results. Seventeen percent of the sample met criteria for a typical anxiety disorder, 15% for an atypical anxiety disorder and 31% for both typical and atypical disorder variants. Whereas IQ, language ability, anxious self-talk and sensory sensitivity significantly predicted typical anxiety, atypical anxiety was significantly associated with anxious self-talk and ASD symptomology. Conclusions. Results suggest that ASD youth display two, phenomenological distinct classes of anxiety. These typical and atypical presentations likely reflect comorbid anxiety and a novel variant of anxiety, which may be missed by current, unmodified anxiety measures. How these presentations differentially respond to interventions and contribute to the range of results regarding the prevalence and presentation of anxiety in ASD warrants investigation.
Temple University--Theses
27
DeVore, Bethany Rebekah. "Two Short Stories About Anxiety Disorder and Their Psychological Analyses." Miami University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=muhonors1114104198.
Full text
28
Henje, Blom Eva. "Anxiety and depression in adolescent females autonomic regulation and differentiation /." Stockholm, 2010. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2010/978-91-7409-807-5/.
Full text
29
Hearn, Cate. "What’s the Worry with Social Anxiety? An Investigation of Worry and its Associated Cognitive Variables In Social Anxiety Disorder in Children and Adolescents." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365746.
Full textAbstract:
Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is a chronic and pervasive disorder that is relatively prevalent in children and adolescents and is associated with numerous short and long term consequences. SAD is commonly comorbid with other mood and anxiety disorders, and in particular, with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). In fact, research suggests that pure forms of either GAD or SAD are relatively rare (Walkup et al., 2008). Worry and the cognitive variables found to be associated with it, such as intolerance of uncertainty (IU), positive and negative beliefs about worry (PBW and NBW), negative problem orientation (NPO) and cognitive avoidance (CA), feature prominently in the theoretical models of adult GAD put forward by Dugas and colleagues (Dugas, Marchand & Ladouceur, 2005; Dugas & Robichaud, 2007; Dugas et al., 2007) and Wells (1995). Empirical research has not only found evidence for the importance of these variables to GAD in adults (Boelen, Vrinssen & van Tulder, 2010; Dugas, Gosselin & Ladouceur, 2001; Freeston, Rhéaume, Letarte, Dugas & Ladouceur, 1994; Ladouceur, Blais, Freeston & Dugas, 1998; Laugesen, 2007), but also in youth (Boelenet al., 2010; Fialko, Bolton & Perrin, 2012; Holmes, Donovan, Farrell & March, 2014). Recently, the suggestion has been made that worry and some of its associated cognitive variables might not be specific to GAD, but in fact may be more transdiagnostic in nature, and that there is some, albeit limited, evidence to date supporting this supposition, particularly with adults.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Applied Psychology
Griffith Health
Full Text
30
McGregor, Nathaniel Wade. "The identification of novel susceptibility genes involved in anxiety disorders." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95859.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The etiology of anxiety disorders remains incompletely understood. Clear evidence for a genetic component has been proposed; however, there is also an increasing focus on environmental factors and the interaction between these and the genetic components that may mediate (anxiety) disorder pathogenesis. No single gene or genetic component has been explicitly identified as being involved in the development of anxiety disorders. This is most likely due to a number of reasons, which include, for example, the heterogeneity of anxiety disorders, the contribution of environmental factors and methodological limitations (e.g. small sample size) of research studies. Until now, genetic association studies usually focused on one particular psychiatric disorder at a time. However, with the difficulty in identifying susceptibility genes and/or loci in heterogeneous disorders like obsessive-compulsive disorder and other conditions in the anxiety spectrum, it is perhaps timely to consider multivariate genetics and epidemiological studies in a number of disorders sharing a core characteristic – such as anxiety. In addition to genetic underpinnings, a number of environmental variables have also been identified as risk factors for pathological anxiety, including adverse life events like childhood physical and sexual abuse. The hypothesis for this project is that a pre-existing genetic vulnerability (or genetic risk) interacts with the impact of adverse life events to result in the development of one or more anxiety disorder(s). Considering phenotypic overlap amongst the anxiety disorders, it is likely that diverse networks of genes and/ or interacting pathways are responsible for the phenotypic manifestations observed. Sprague Dawley rats exhibiting behaviours indicative of anxiety in the context of environmental stressors (maternal separation and restraint stress) were used as model for the identification of novel susceptibility genes for anxiety disorders in humans. The striatum has previously been implicated as a candidate in the brain architecture of anxiety pathogenicity, and is also a site exhibiting a high degree of synaptic plasticity. The synaptic plasticity pathway was investigated using the dorsal striatum of the rat brain and several genes were identified to be aberrantly expressed in “anxious” rats relative to controls (Mmp9, Bdnf, Ntf4, Egr2, Egr4, Grm2 and Arc). In humans, it was found that the severity of early adversity was significantly and positively associated with the presence of an anxiety disorder in adulthood. When the human homologues of the susceptibility candidate genes that were identified using the animal model were screened in a human cohort of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder (PD) or social anxiety disorder (SAD) (relative to controls), five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found to be significantly associated with these conditions. Four of these SNPs were also found to significantly interact with the severity of childhood trauma. Haplotype analysis of variants within the identified susceptibility candidates revealed novel haplotype associations, four of which are located in the MMP9 gene. Notably, this the first study to link these particular mutations in the MMP9 gene with anxiety disorders and this finding is consistent with previous work suggesting that MMP9 is involved in conditions like cardiovascular disease and cancer which have been associated with increased prevalence of anxiety disorders. In conclusion, this project yielded important findings pertaining to the etiology of anxiety disorders. The use of a combined anxiety disorders cohort (OCD, PD and SAD) may suggest that the associations found here may hold true for anxiety disorders in general and not only for a particular clinically delineated condition. Childhood trauma was confirmed as an increased susceptibility risk for anxiety disorders. Also, this research contributed several novel susceptibility genes (MMP9, EGR2, EGR4, NTF4, and ARC), five significant SNP associations, four significant SNP-environment interactions and five haplotype associations (within MMP9 and BDNF) as candidates for anxiety pathogenicity. The identified polymorphisms and haplotypes were demonstrated to be associated with susceptibility to anxiety disorders in a gene-environment correlation and gene-environment interaction.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die oorsake van angssteurings word steeds nie volledig verstaan nie. Daar is duidelike bewyse vir 'n genetiese komponent, maar daar is ook toenemende fokus op omgewingsfaktore en die interaksie tussen hierdie omgewingsfaktore en genetiese komponente by angssteurings. Geen enkele geen of genetiese komponent is al geïdentifiseer as diè wat betrokke is by die ontwikkeling van angssteurings nie. Dit is waarskynlik weens 'n aantal redes, wat byvoorbeeld, die heterogeneïteit van angssteurings, die bydrae van omgewingsfaktore en metodologiese beperkings (bv. klein steekproef) van die navorsingstudies, insluit. Verder het genetiese assosiasiestudies tot nou toe gewoonlik net op een spesifieke psigiatriese versteuring op 'n slag gefokus. Maar, gegewe die uitdaging om vatbaarheidsgene en / of loci in heterogene steurings soos obsessief – kompulsiewe steuring (OKV) en ander toestande op die angsspektrum te identifiseer, is dit tyd om genetiese en kliniese studies in ‘n aantal steurings - met ‘n oorvleuende kern-element soos angs -, gesamentlik te oorweeg. Bykomend tot die genetiese boustene, is ‘n aantal omgewingsveranderlikes soos traumatiese lewenservarings tydens die kinderjare as risikofaktore vir patologiese angs geidentifiseer. Die hipotese vir hierdie projek is dat daar 'n interaksie tussen genetiese kwesbaarheid (of genetiese risiko) en traumatiese lewensevarings is en dat dit tot die ontwikkeling van 'n / veelvoudige angssteuring(s) kan lei. Inaggenome die fenotipiese oorvleueling tussen die angssteurings, is dit waarskynlik dat diverse netwerke van gene en / of interaktiewe geen-paaie vir die manifestasie van hierdie toestande verantwoordelik is. Sprague Dawley-rotte met gedragswyses aanduidend van angs, in die konteks van omgewingstressore (d.i. skeiding van die ma-rot en bedwang-stres [restraint stress]), is as model gebruik vir die identifisering van nuwe vatbaarheidsgene vir angssteurings in mense. Die striatum is voorheen as ‘n kandidaat in die brein-argitektuur van patologiese angs voorgehou, en is ook ‘n plek met ‘n hoë mate van sinaptiese plastisiteit. Die sinaptiese plastisiteit is ondersoek deur te fokus op die dorsale striatum van die rotbrein en daar is verskeie gene gevind wat anders is in “angstige” rotte in vergelyking met kontroles (Mmp9, Bdnf, Ntf4, Egr2, Egr4, Grm2 en Arc). In mense is daar gevind dat die ernstigheidsgraad van vroeë trauma beduidend en positief met die teenwoordigheid van ‘n angssteuring tydens volwassenheid verband hou. Toe die menslike ekwivalente van die vatbaarheidsgene wat met die dieremodel geïdentifiseer is in ‘n mens-kohort met obsessief-kompulsiewe steuring (OKS), panieksteuring (PS) en sosiale angssteuring (SAS) ondersoek is, is gevind dat daar 5 enkele nukleotied polimorfismes (ENPs) is wat met die toestande verband hou. Daar is ook gevind dat vier van hierdie ENPs beduidend verband hou met die ernstigheidsgraad van trauma tydens die kinderjare. Haplotipe analise van variante binne die geïdentifiseerde vatbaarheidsgene het op nuwe haplotipe assosiasies – waarvan 4 op die MMP9-geen geleë is – gedui. Hierdie is dus die eerste studie wat gevind het dat dié spesifieke mutasies van die MMP9-geen met angssteurings verband hou. Hierdie bevinding strook met vorige werk wat daarop dui dat die MMP9-geen by toestande soos kardiovaskulêre siekte en kanker wat ook met verhoogde voorkoms van angssteurings verband hou, betrokke is. Ter afsluiting kan ons sê dat hierdie projek belangrike bevindinge oor die oorsake van angssteurings gemaak het. Die gebruik van ‘n gekombineerde angssteurings-kohort (OKS. PS en SAS) kan moontlik suggereer dat die assosiasies wat ons hier gevind het, waar is vir alle angssteurings en nie net vir ‘n spesifieke afgebakende toestand nie. Traumatiese ervarings tydens die kinderjare is ook bevestig as ‘n risiko vir die ontwikkeling van angssteurings. Hierdie navorsing het ook verskeie nuwe vatbaarheidsgene (MMP9, EGR2, EGR4, NTF4, en ARC), 5 beduidende ENP assosiasies, 4 beduidende ENP-omgewings-interaksies en 5 haplotipe assosiasies (by MMP9 en BDNF) geïdentifiseer as moontlike kandidate wat ‘n rol speel by die ontstaan van patologiese angs. Daar is ook gevind dat die geïdentifiseerde polimorfismes en haplotipes met vatbaarheid vir angssteurings in ‘n geen-omgewing- korrelasie en geen-omgewing- interaksie verband hou. Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za
31
Airaksinen, Eija. "Cognitive functions in depression and anxiety disorders : findings from a population-based study /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-954-8/.
Full text
32
Halldorsdottir, Thorhildur. "Comorbid Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Anxiety Disorders in Boys and Girls: Relations to Perceptual Bias." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/76947.
Full textAbstract:
The current study examined relations among perceptual bias, measured by comparing self performance ratings to those of an independent rater, and gender and comorbid Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Anxiety Disorder (ODD/AD) status in school-aged children with primary diagnoses of ODD. Specifically, perceptual bias of boys (N=61) and girls (N=39) with ODD with (N=43) and without comorbid AD (N=57) were examined after completing a problem solving activity with their parent(s). Measures of global functioning, executive functioning, and severity of the disorders were also examined. Based on previous findings, it was predicted that boys with ODD without AD would exhibit the greatest positive perceptual bias, followed by girls with ODD without AD, boys with ODD and AD, and, finally, girls with ODD and AD. No significant group differences emerged on the related dimensions of global functioning, executive functioning, or severity of behavioral problems. However, systematic differences in age, ADHD diagnosis, and intellectual ability were revealed among the groups, consequently they were controlled for in the final analyses. Overall, children in all groups displayed positive perceptual bias when compared to observer ratings. However, the main hypotheses were not supported. That is, children with ODD evaluated their performance higher than that of observers, independent of comorbid anxiety and gender, when controlling for the effects of age, ADHD, and intellectual ability. Implications and future directions in examining perceptual bias are discussed.Master of Science
33
Young, Laura. "The lived experience of adults with generalised anxiety disorder." Thesis, City, University of London, 2019. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/21343/.
Full textAbstract:
Despite the fact that generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) is the most frequent anxiety disorder and the second most frequent psychiatric disorder in clinical settings (Wittchen, Kessler, Beesdo, Krause, Höfler, & Hoyer, 2002), it is significantly under-detected and under-treated (Wittchen & Jacobi, 2005). There is also a lack of empirical literature on the lived experience of GAD. Considered together, this information highlights the need for a greater understanding of GAD. This study sought to address the gap in the literature, and thus contribute to this need, by exploring the lived experience of adults with GAD. Potential participants with a formal diagnosis of GAD were recruited via purposive sampling. Initial telephone screenings were conducted, during which they completed the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire IV (GAD-Q-IV; Newman, Zuellig, Kachin, Constantino, Przeworski, Erickson, & Cashman-McGrath, 2002). A minimum total score of 7.67 was required to meet this questionnaire's GAD diagnostic criteria. Eight participants who met this requirement participated in one semi-structured interview. Data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) and four super-ordinate themes were developed. "Battling with uncertainty: What's going to happen next?" captured participants' difficulty tolerating uncertainty and consequent absence of perceived control over their life-worlds. "A struggle for autonomy: You either let it get a hold of you, or you get a hold of it" captured participants' continuous struggle for perceived control over their senses of self, as GAD takes over. "GAD and interpersonal relations: Worrying about what others think" explored the interactions between participants' experiences of GAD and their relationships with others. "The need to create meaning amid uncertainty and loss: GAD is an eye-opener" explored participants' attempts to locate meaning within their distress in order to tolerate the uncertainty, torment, and losses GAD has caused. The findings are discussed in relation to existing literature. Their implications for counselling psychology and the wider context are then considered as well as suggestions for future research.
34
McKenna, Ian. "Cognitive behavioural therapies for social anxiety disorder (SAnD) review." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/13623.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Social anxiety disorder (SAnD) is a highly prevalent condition, characterised by an intense fear of social or performance situations where individuals worry about being negatively evaluated by others. An up to date systematic review of the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapies for SAnD is required to guide practice. Objectives: To assess the efficacy and acceptability of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) compared with treatment as usual/waiting list (TAU/WL) for individuals with SAnD. Search methods: We searched the Cochrane Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis Group (CCDAN) Controlled Trials Register and conducted supplementary searches of MEDLINE, PsycInfo, EMBASE, and international trial registers (ICTRP; ClinicalTrials.gov) in October 2011 and CINAHL in October 2012. We also searched reference lists of retrieved articles, and contacted trial authors for information on ongoing/completed trials. Selection criteria: Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials undertaken in out-patient settings, involving adults aged 18-75 years with a primary diagnosis of SAnD, assigned either to CBT or TAU/WL. Data collection and analysis Data on patients, interventions and outcomes were extracted by two review authors independently, and the Risk of bias in each study was assessed. The primary outcomes were social anxiety reduction (based on relative risk (RR) of clinical response and mean difference in symptom reduction), and treatment acceptability (based on RR of attrition). Results: Thirteen studies (715 participants) were included in the review, of which 11 studies (599 participants) contributed data to meta-analyses. Based on four studies, CBT was more effective than TAU/WL in achieving clinical response at post-treatment (RR 3.60, 95% CI 1.35 to 9.57), and on eleven studies (599 participants) it was more effective than TAU/WL in reducing symptoms of social anxiety. No significant difference was found between CBT and TAU/WL for attrition. No significant difference was demonstrated for social anxiety at follow-up and no studies examined follow-up data for clinical response or attrition. Authors' conclusions: The available evidence suggests that cognitive behavioural therapy might be effective in reducing anxiety symptoms for the short-term treatment of SAnD. However, the body of evidence comparing CBT with TAU/WL is small and heterogeneous.
35
Lupardus, Joshua. "Anxiety and Depression| Temporal Manifestations of the Same Disorder?" Thesis, Southern Illinois University at Edwardsville, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10807938.
Full textAbstract:
Anxiety and depression are some of the most common forms of mental illness. About 66 percent of the population diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder will also be diagnosed with a form of depression in their lifetimes (Kaufman & Charney, 2000). While historically anxiety and depression have been seen as inherently separate conditions, recent research has indicated that the two disorders may be more closely linked. Watson and Clark’s (1991) tripartite model explains that the comorbidity rates of the disorders and overlapping symptomology could be due to an underlying, shared factor that they called negative affect. Eysenck, Payne, and Santos (2006) found evidence to suggest that anxiety and depression may be temporal manifestations of the same disorder which they called negative affect in reference to the tripartite model. Two other studies have since found evidence for this temporal differentiation (Pomerantz & Rose, 2014; Rinaldi, Locati, Parolin, & Girelli, 2017). Results of this study indicate that there is evidence to suggest a temporal component as a potential associated factor which could help determine whether anxiety or depression manifests in individuals with high levels of negative affect.
36
Nilzon, Kjell R. "Childhood depressive disorder social withdrawal, anxiety and familial aspects /." Göteborg, Sweden : Dept. of Psychology, Göteborg University, 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/35143427.html.
Full text
37
O'Leary, Emily. "Cognitive processing characteristics in obsessive-compulsive disorder subtypes." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1359.
Full textAbstract:
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is classified as an anxiety disorder characterized by distressing persistent unwanted ideas or impulses (obsessions) and urges and/or compulsion to do something to relieve the associated anxiety caused by the obsession. The thematic content of the obsessions are highly variable, ranging from symmetry, contamination to aggressive concerns. Compulsions tend to be linked to the obsessions, but can also be idiosyncratic to the intrusive thought. According to the cognitive model, Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is maintained by various belief factors such as an inflated sense of responsibility, overestimation of threat and the over-control of thoughts. Despite much support for this hypothesis, there is a lack of specificity. This series of studies sought to determine the relationship between a number of cognitive beliefs and appraisal processes and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. This thesis presents the results of three studies. The first study was designed to investigate the hypothesis that certain beliefs are more prevalent in OCD, compared with other anxiety disorders. The second study expands on earlier findings by examining whether the six metacognitive beliefs proposed by the Obsessive Compulsive Cognitions Working Group, (OCCWG; 1997, 2001, & 2003) correlate with specific symptom-based OCD subtypes. The final study addresses some of the methodological weaknesses inherent in retrospective self-report measures by replicating the study using experimental techniques. Most importantly, this research was conducted from within the theoretical framework of Rachman (1993) and Salkovskis (1989) models which emphasise the misinterpretation of significance of the intrusive thoughts. The first study explored the relationship between thought-action fusion (TAF) and inflated responsibility beliefs across individuals diagnosed with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), an anxiety disorder other than OCD (anxious controls; AC), and a non-anxious control group (NAC). It was hypothesized that the OCD group would evidence significantly higher inflated responsibility and TAF scores, compared to the AC and NAC groups. In this study, non-clinical and clinical participants were recruited for research. The non-clinical group was comprised of undergraduate students (n = 22: mean age = 26.8; SD = 9.2). The clinical groups included 20 participants with OCD as their primary diagnosis (mean age = 32.1; SD = 11.9) and 21 individuals diagnosed with another anxiety disorder (mean age = 32.2; SD = 10.9). To measure inflated responsibility beliefs and thought action fusion, self-report questionnaires were administered to the participants. The results of this study demonstrated that inflated responsibility beliefs, while present in other anxiety disorders, were significantly higher in participants with OCD, even after controlling for depressed mood and TAF levels. No group differences emerged between the OCD and anxious groups on measures of TAF. Thus, it can be tentatively concluded that inflated responsibility beliefs may have a more robust relationship with OCD than TAF beliefs, which appear to act as a general vulnerability factor occurring along a continuum of anxiety disorders. The second study examined the associations between the six OCD-related beliefs: control of thoughts, importance of thoughts, responsibility, intolerance of uncertainty, overestimation of threat and perfectionism and five empirically derived OCD subgroups. Clinical participants with a primary diagnosis with OCD (n = 67: mean age = 38.0; SD = 11.7) were recruited over a period of two years from the Anxiety Disorders Unit. Participant responses were cluster analysed to form five stable groups: aggressive obsessions-checking compulsions (n = 22: mean age = 26.8; SD = 9.2); contamination obsessions-cleaning compulsions (n = 22: mean age = 26.8; SD = 9.2); symmetry concerns-ordering/arranging compulsions (n = 22: mean age = 26.8; SD = 9.2); hoarding obsessions-hoarding compulsions (n = 22: mean age = 26.8; SD = 9.2); and miscellaneous obsessions -miscellaneous compulsions (n = 22: mean age = 26.8; SD = 9.2). The second found that intolerance of uncertainty was significantly related to the contamination subgroup. While responsibility and threat estimation beliefs were higher in the aggressive-checking subgroup, these differences did not reach statistical significance. No other significant results were found, however, there was a non-significant trend for perfectionism beliefs to be higher in symmetry-ordering and hoarding subgroup. Following the results of this study, questions remained about whether the lack of significant findings reflected the generality of these beliefs or were due to methodological differences. This led to the development of the final study presented in this thesis. The purpose of the final study was to investigate whether the second study was limited by the method of assessment (e.g. self-report questionnaires). This study was unique, as it was the first of its kind to experimentally manipulate all six beliefs in empirically derived OCD subtypes. Twenty participants (mean age = 45.0; SD = 11.0) were chosen from the second study to form the following priori groups: contamination (n = 4: mean age = 44.5; SD = 9.5); aggressive (n = 6: mean age = 46.5; SD = 7.2); hoarding (n = 4: mean age = 47.2; SD = 6.9); and symmetry (n = 6: mean age = 41.8; SD = 17.4). Six behavioural experiments designed to reflect one of the six OCCWG beliefs were specifically developed and administered to the groups. Baseline scores were obtained using self-report questionnaires. The study found strong support for the use of experimental paradigms over self-report measures, as several significant interactions between cognitive beliefs and OCD symptom-based subtypes were found. Specifically, the hoarding subgroup evidenced significantly higher overall thought action fusion scores compared to those in the contamination group. The symmetry subgroup exhibited significantly higher anxiety than the aggressive group during the perfectionism task and demonstrated significantly higher scores on several items measuring perfectionism compared to the contamination group. Finally, over-estimation of threat beliefs was significantly higher in the contamination thoughts. No statistically significant group differences were found for controllability of thoughts, responsibility and intolerance of uncertainty. In conclusion, these studies collectively showed that in some cases of OCD certain beliefs appear highly applicable, whereas in others they are not. This finding may explain why some OCD patients have poor treatment outcomes as the beliefs and appraisals were highly variable across groups. These findings are of both theoretical and clinical significance because they add to the growing understanding that OCD may consist of distinct clusters of symptoms with different underlying motivations and beliefs. This finding is of clinical significance because treatment guidelines for OCD can become more specific, factoring into the therapy situation these underlying beliefs and appraisal processes. Lastly, the findings regarding inflated responsibility deserve special mention, given the significance of this construct in contemporary cognitive models. The results of the present studies were mixed with regard to responsibility as only the first study found a significant result. It appears that, like the other belief domains proposed by the OCCWG, responsibility may not be specific to all types of OCD and current cognitive models may benefit was shifting the emphasis to other belief domains.
38
Faria, Vanda. "Mind really does matter : The Neurobiology of Placebo-induced Anxiety Relief in Social Anxiety Disorder." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-181548.
Full textAbstract:
The placebo effect, a beneficial effect attributable to a treatment containing no specific properties for the condition being treated, has been demonstrated in a variety of medical conditions. This thesis includes four studies aimed at increasing our knowledge on the neurobiology of placebo. Study I, a review of the placebo neuroimaging literature, suggested that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) may be a common site of action for placebo responses. However, because placebo neuroimaging studies in clinical disorders are largely lacking, the clinical relevance of this needs further clarification. The subsequent three empirical studies were thus designed from a clinical perspective. Using positron emission tomography (PET) these studies investigated the underlying neurobiology of sustained placebo responses in patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD), a disabling psychiatric condition that nonetheless may be mitigated by placebo interventions. Study II demonstrated that serotonergic gene polymorphisms affect anxiety-induced neural activity and the resultant placebo phenotype. In particular, anxiety reduction resulting from placebo treatment was tied to the attenuating effects of the TPH2 G-703T polymorphism on amygdala activity. Study III further compared the neural response profile of placebo with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), i.e the first-line pharmacological treatment for SAD. A similar anxiety reduction was noted in responders of both treatments. PET-data further revealed that placebo and SSRI responders had similar decreases of the neural response in amygdala subregions including the left basomedial/basolateral (BM/BLA) and the right ventrolateral (VLA) sections. To clarify whether successful placebo and SSRI treatments operate via similar or distinct neuromodulatory pathways, study IV focused on the connectivity patterns between the amygdala and prefrontal cortex that may be crucial for normal emotion regulation. In responders of both treatment modalities, the left amygdala (BM/BLA) exhibited negative coupling with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the rostral ACC as well as a shared positive coupling with the dorsal ACC. This may represent shared treatment mechanisms involving improved emotion regulation and decreased rumination. This thesis constitutes a first step towards better understanding of the neurobiology of placebo in the treatment of anxiety, including the neural mechanisms that unite and segregate placebo and SSRI treatment.
39
Kenny, Lucy Margaret. "Memory processes in posttraumatic stress disorder." [New South Wales : University of New South Wales], 2006. http://www.library.unsw.edu.au/~thesis/adt-NUN/uploads/approved/adt-NUN20061110.142022/public/02whole.pdf.
Full text
40
Bubier, Jennifer L. "Co-occurrence of Oppositional Defiant Disorder with Generalized and Separation Anxiety Disorders Among Inner-city Children." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/48936.
Full textAbstract:
PsychologyPh.D.
There is a paucity of research that has examined co-occurring oppositional defiant disorder and generalized anxiety disorder (ODD+GAD) symptoms and oppositional defiant disorder and separation anxiety disorder (ODD+SAD) symptoms among children. To address this gap, I investigated multiple explanations for the co-occurrence of ODD+GAD and ODD+SAD. Specifically, I investigated whether (a) GAD symptoms prospectively predicted ODD symptoms and SAD symptoms prospectively predicted ODD symptoms (Explanation 1), (b) ODD symptoms prospectively predicted GAD symptoms and ODD symptoms prospectively predicted SAD symptoms (Explanation 2), and (c) shared risk processes accounted for the co-occurrence of ODD+GAD and ODD+SAD (Explanation 3). Participants were an ethnic minority, inner-city sample of first through fourth grade children (N = 88, 51% male) and their primary caregivers. I used data collected at the baseline and 1-year follow-up assessments of the Child Health and Behavior Study, a longitudinal survey of families residing in North Philadelphia. Findings provided support for Explanation 2 and Explanation 3 in the development of co-occurring ODD+GAD symptoms and support for Explanation 3 in the development of co-occurring ODD+SAD symptoms. This study contributes to the extant literature by providing the first empirical examination of these multiple explanations in an ethnic minority, inner city sample of children.
Temple University--Theses
41
Whitaker, Juanita Angela. "African American Males Coping With Anxiety Disorder: Treatment-Seeking Behavior." ScholarWorks, 2018. http://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4896.
Full textAbstract:
Anxiety disorders are often associated with fear related to living in a society whose members may attach negative and degrading terms to mental health conditions. Although anxiety disorders are more prevalent among African Americans, treatment-seeking behavior rates are lower in the African American community. Cultural and social perceptions of mental health care's effectiveness and accessibility can act as barriers to treatment seeking by African American men diagnosed with anxiety disorders. A multiple case study approach was used in this qualitative study to investigate how African American men cope with the disorders and whether they hold integrated, gender-distinct beliefs about the cultural and social effects that may contribute to delays in treatment-seeking behaviors. The health belief model was used in conjunction with the theory of planned behavior as the conceptual framework for understanding the data. Purposive sampling of African American men diagnosed with anxiety disorders was used to recruit 5 study participants. In-depth interviews were conducted and recorded on a digital recorder. Results and findings from content analysis support the premise that medication nonadherence, along with the themes developed in this studyâ??â??social isolation, inner nervousness, thoughts and feeling about medication, past trauma and violence, alternative ways of coping, and lack of trust in the treatment systemâ??â??make a plausible argument for why African American men do not seek treatment for anxiety disorders. This study contributes to social change by informing community workers and agencies about reasons for African American men not seeking treatment, and the need for increased awareness, community outreach programs, and more universal cognitive testing of anxiety disorders for this population.
42
Palm, Marisha Emily. "The neurochemistry, neuropsychology and functional neuroanatomy of generalised anxiety disorder." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492844.
Full textAbstract:
Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) is a common mental illness characterised by excessive worry and anticipatory anxiety. The present study aims to elucidate the neuropsychology, neurochemistry, structural and functional neuroanatomy of female patients with GAD using dietary manipulation of 5-HT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
43
Kerr, Natalie. "Exploring emotional bias, anxiety and attentional deficits in bipolar disorder." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497542.
Full text
44
Mesa, Franklin. "Psychopathology and Functional Impairment in Adolescents with Social Anxiety Disorder." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5822.
Full textAbstract:
Although social anxiety disorder is most often diagnosed during adolescence, few investigations have examined the clinical presentation of this disorder exclusively in adolescents. Prior studies have demonstrated that some clinical features of SAD in adolescents are unique relative to younger children with the condition. Furthermore, the extant literature on daily functional impairment in this population is limited. In this investigation, multiple areas of functioning were examined in adolescents with SAD (n = 16) and normal control adolescents (n = 14): specific social skills, subjective distress and physiological reactivity during one speech performance task and one social interaction task; alcohol use and expectancies; subjective and objective quality of sleep; and daily distressing social activities. No differences were observed in sleep actigraphy, self-reported sleep difficulties, alcohol use, or alcohol expectancies. Adolescents with SAD reported greater distress during both analogue tasks relative to NC adolescents. During the speech task, adolescents with SAD exhibited significantly greater speech latency (4.42 seconds vs. 1.75 seconds) and spoke significantly less (83.09 seconds vs. 167.75 seconds) than NC adolescents. Additionally, SAD participants manifested greater skin conductance during the speech task. During the social interaction, adolescents with SAD asked significantly fewer questions (2.20 vs. 7.07) and required significantly more confederate prompts (2.33 vs. 1.14) to stimulate interaction. Finally, adolescents with SAD reported more frequent anxiety-provoking situations in their daily lives and greater avoidance of these situations, including answering questions in class, assertive communication, and interacting with a group. The findings are discussed with respect to the current understanding of alcohol use, quality of sleep, and social functioning in adolescents with SAD.M.S.
Masters
Psychology
Sciences
Psychology Clinical
45
Owens, Maryann. "Does Virtual Reality Elicit Physiological Arousal in Social Anxiety Disorder." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5832.
Full textAbstract:
The present study examined the ability of a Virtual Reality (VR) public speaking task to elicit physiological arousal in adults with SAD (n=25) and Controls (n=25). A behavioral assessment paradigm was employed to address three study objectives: (a) to determine whether the VR task can elicit significant increases in physiological response over baseline resting conditions (b) to determine if individuals with SAD have a greater increase from baseline levels of physiological and self-reported arousal during the in vivo speech task as opposed to the VR speech task and (c) to determine whether individuals with SAD experience greater changes in physiological and self-reported arousal during each speech task compared to controls. Results demonstrated that the VR task was able to elicit significant increases in heart rate, skin conductance, and respiratory sinus arrhythmia, but did not elicit as much physiological or self-reported arousal as the in vivo speech task. In addition, no differences were found between groups. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed.M.S.
Masters
Psychology
Sciences
Psychology Clinical
46
Ferrell, Susanna S. "Pattern and Disorder: Anxiety and the Art of Yayoi Kusama." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/554.
Full textAbstract:
Yayoi Kusama is undoubtedly one of the most esteemed artists today, and yet she is continually written off as "crazy." Kusama's work draws not from insanity, but from her experiences with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder, and acts as a tool to both process and temper her obsessions and compulsions. In my own work, I reflect on the necessarily obsessive faculty of hand-drawn animation, in an effort to communicate the feeling of OCD.
47
Boddy, Christopher Ryan. "Adult Separation Anxiety Disorder (ASAD): Developmental Implications and Clinical Correlates." NSUWorks, 2013. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/cps_stuetd/11.
Full textAbstract:
Separation anxiety (SA) is often thought to occur exclusively during childhood; however, recent research has identified a putative diagnosis of Adult Separation Anxiety Disorder (ASAD), which mirrors separation anxiety often exhibited during juvenile years. Several studies have suggested that exposure to certain parental features during childhood may lead to the development of ASAD, including parental depression, parental anxiety, and parental overprotection. This study aimed to address these hypotheses by examining retrospective report of exposure to specific parental features among a population of adults diagnosed with ASAD and to elucidate important clinical correlates related to ASAD, such as impairment in daily functioning.
The present study used a survey design which was nationally representative and based on the National Comorbidity Survey-Replication and which consisted of a population of 436 participants with a lifetime diagnosis of ASAD and 2,438 participants with no history of a DSM-IV diagnosis. Participants were asked to respond retrospectively about their exposure to the above-mentioned parental features during childhood. Chi square tests revealed that participants with a diagnosis of Adult Separation Anxiety Disorder endorsed exposure to significantly more parental anxiety and parental depression. Additionally, chi square tests indicated that these individuals reported more features related to preoccupied attachment. Using survey participants with a diagnosis of ASAD or subclinical levels of ASAD, the effects of treatment on daily functioning, as well as the level of functional impairment associated with ASAD was measured. Individuals with a history of treatment for ASAD reported significantly more functional impairment in the area of work than those without treatment. An independent-samples t-test revealed that respondents with a diagnosis of ASAD endorsed significantly more parental overprotection than did respondents with no diagnosis. Last, the continuity hypothesis, which states that juvenile symptoms of separation anxiety continue into adulthood, was explored. A chi square goodness-of-fit test was used to determine whether these data fit the continuity hypothesis model. Results did not support the continuity hypothesis, as the number of participants who endorsed childhood separation anxiety was significantly lower than the expected count.
Future research should aim to identify efficacious treatments for ASAD, as few studies to date have demonstrated effective means of treating patients with this disorder.
48
Wright, Tamsin. "The development and validation of the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Inventory." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/e65981df-1ee5-4a61-88b8-15604bfbefd5.
Full textAbstract:
Generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) is a chronic condition that has a significant impact on the lives of its sufferers. Although the validity of the diagnosis has been the subject of much controversy in psychiatric circles, the prevalence and economic impact of this syndrome warrants further study. Such research has hitherto been generally lacking. In the interests of furthering research, and of providing a tool to evaluate new progressions in the treatment of GAD, the present thesis embarks on the development of a new scale. The Generalised Anxiety Disorder Inventory (GADI) seeks to provide a simple self-completion measure of GAD, which can be used to track the severity of the condition over time. Four studies are reported which document the initial stages of the development and validation of the GADI. Study One describes the derivation of a 22-item scale from an initial pool of possible items. Studies Two and Three describes initial reliability and validity statistics in two non-psychiatric populations. Study Four reports the same reliability and validity analyses in a psychiatric outpatient sample. It is concluded that the GADI performs satisfactorily in the analyses performed in the course of this thesis. However, in order to realise the scale's full potential a number of additional, longitudinal studies are required. The thesis concludes with suggested methodologies for these, and the news of a planned multi-centre collaboration for their implementation.
49
Kaat, Aaron J. "Reliability of Anxiety Symptoms in Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1417702042.
Full text
50
Schwob, Jeremy T. "A Smartphone Application for the Treatment of Generalized Anxiety Disorder." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1461176493.
Full text