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Cheng, Shuo, Cunxian Jia, and Yongjie Wang. "Only Children Were Associated with Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms among College Students in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11 (June 5, 2020): 4035. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114035.
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This study explored the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among college students and analyzed the associations between only children and anxiety and depressive symptoms in college students in China. A total of 645 college students, from three universities in Jinan, Shandong, China, were investigated by questionnaire. The self-designed general information questionnaire was used to collect the demographic information such as gender, age, only children or not and so on. The Self-rating Anxiety Scale and Self-rating Depression Scale were used to reflect the psychological state of college students. Binary logistic regression analysis was applied to analyze associated factors of anxiety and depressive symptoms. We have found that there were 25.7% college students with anxiety symptom, 22.2% college students with depressive symptom, and 18.3% college students with a comorbidity of anxiety and depressive symptoms. The prevalence of anxiety symptom, depressive symptom, and comorbidity of anxiety and depressive symptoms in only children was higher than those among non-only children. There were no differences between males and females in anxiety symptom, depressive symptom, and comorbidity of anxiety and depressive symptoms among all college students, only child college students and non-only child college students. Only children were associated with anxiety symptom, depressive symptom, comorbidity of anxiety and depressive symptoms after adjusting potential important confounding factors, such as professional category, grade, parental relationship, parenting style, interpersonal relationship, activity participation enthusiasm, sleeping time, and eating habits. The prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among college students was high. We should pay more attention to the mental health of college students, especially that of only child college students.
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Luo, Xiaomin, Yu Zhou, Ruimin Zheng, Xin Li, Yue Dai, Anuradha Narayan, Xiaona Huang, et al. "Association of health-risk behaviors and depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms: a school-based sample of Chinese adolescents." Journal of Public Health 42, no. 3 (October 22, 2019): e189-e198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdz115.
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Abstract Background Depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms of adolescents not only affect youth but also have wide-ranging impacts on the health of adults. The study was carried out to determine the epidemiological characteristics of depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms and the associations between the two and health-risk behaviors in Chinese adolescents. Methods Participants were recruited from the junior and senior high schools in China. Data were collected by self-designed questionnaires. The questionnaires included questions about demographic characteristics, depressive symptom scales, anxiety symptom scales and nine categories of health-risk behaviors. Descriptive analysis and binary logistic regression were performed by SPSS 21.0 software. Results There were 4.4% of the participants with depressive symptoms. Approximately 32.0% of the participants had anxiety symptoms. Girls and general senior school students were risk factors for depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms. Multiple health-risk behaviors were associated with depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms in Chinese adolescents. Conclusion Depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms were prevalent in Chinese adolescents. Their distribution was affected by certain health-risk behaviors. Multiple health-risk behaviors were associated with depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms in Chinese adolescents.
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Dong, Fanghong, and Nancy Hodgson. "ASSESSING SYMPTOM NETWORKS OF DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN OLDER ADULTS: A CROSS-NATIONAL POPULATION-BASED STUDY." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2023): 752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.2432.
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Abstract Introduction Older adults often experience elevated sleep disturbances, depressive and anxiety symptoms. However, the role of sleep disturbances in explaining individual variability in depressive and anxiety symptoms among older adults is poorly understood. Methods The sample was derived from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project, a nationally representative longitudinal study among American older adults. MCI was defined as Montreal Cognitive Assessment scored less than 23. Subjective insomnia symptoms and objective sleep measures (total sleep time, wake after sleep onset, percentage sleep) obtained from actigraphy were used. Validated measures on depressive and anxiety symptoms were collected both at round 2(N=645) and round 3(N=456). Multiple regressions were conducted to establish cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between sleep disturbances, depressive and anxiety symptoms. Results Cross-sectionally, compared to cognitively intact older adults, severe insomnia symptoms were associated with poorer depressive symptoms(B=0.40, p< 0.01) in older adults with MCI. Severe insomnia symptoms were associated with poorer anxiety symptoms(B=0.13, p< 0.01) in older adults, and no interaction effects were found by MCI groups. Longitudinally, insomnia symptoms at round 2 were associated with poorer depressive symptoms and poorer anxiety symptoms in older adults at round 3, but no interaction effects were found by MCI groups. No significant relationships were found between objective sleep disturbances and depressive/anxiety symptoms both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. Conclusions The findings provide further insight into insomnia symptoms that may be associated with increased risks for developmental depressive and anxiety symptoms. These data suggest that targeting insomnia treatment may confer long-term mental health benefits.
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Liu, Tianyin, Wen Zhang, Gloria Hoi-Yan Wong, and Terry Lum. "NETWORK ANALYSIS OF ANXIETY AND DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS AMONG OLDER ADULTS WITH DIFFERENTIAL MENTAL HEALTH RISKS." Innovation in Aging 7, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2023): 945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igad104.3036.
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Abstract Anxiety and depressive symptoms are common in older people, and network analysis may provide deeper characterization of symptom-symptom interactions to inform personalized care. The aim of this study was to elucidate characteristics of anxiety and depressive symptom networks of older adults with differential risks for depression and anxiety. A total of 4184 older adults (mean age = 77.3±8.8 years, 3245 women) were recruited from the community. Their anxiety and depressive symptom were measured using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale 7-item (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item (PHQ-9), respectively. A cut-off score of 5 was used for both scales to differentiate people with mild or above anxiety/depressive symptoms; by this criterion, 1067 (25.5%) of the sample had no anxiety/depressive symptoms, 1690 (40.4%) had symptoms in one domain, and 1427 (34.1%) had symptoms in both domains. Central symptoms and bridge symptoms were identified via centrality indices and bridge centrality indices, respectively. Network stability was examined using the case-dropping procedure. Overall, Restlessness (GAD-7 item 5), Depressed mood (PHQ-9 item 2), and Fear (GAD-7 item 7) had the highest centrality values; two bridge symptoms, Restlessness and Psychomotor disturbances (PHQ-9 item 8), were also identified. Higher risks for depression and/or anxiety were positively associated with global strength; Restlessness and Depressed mood remained to be central symptoms, but in those with both depression and anxiety risks, Restlessness and Guilt/Self-blame (PHQ-9 item 6) bridged the two domains. Interventions designed to target central symptoms and bridge symptoms may be effective in alleviating co-occurring experiences of anxiety and depression.
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Chaplin, Tara M., Jane E. Gillham, and Martin E. P. Seligman. "Gender, Anxiety, and Depressive Symptoms." Journal of Early Adolescence 29, no. 2 (June 11, 2008): 307–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272431608320125.
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TUCKER, MIRIAM E. "Chamomile Eases Anxiety, Depressive Symptoms." Clinical Psychiatry News 38, no. 5 (May 2010): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0270-6644(10)70240-x.
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McMahon, Grace E., Peter J. Anderson, Rebecca Giallo, Carmen C. Pace, Jeanie L. Cheong, Lex W. Doyle, Alicia J. Spittle, Megan M. Spencer-Smith, and Karli Treyvaud. "Mental Health Trajectories of Fathers Following Very Preterm Birth: Associations With Parenting." Journal of Pediatric Psychology 45, no. 7 (June 9, 2020): 725–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsaa041.
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Abstract Objective Mothers of infants born very preterm (VPT) are at high risk of mental health difficulties. However, less is known about the course of fathers’ depressive and anxiety symptoms over time, and the implications this may have for early parenting behaviors. Methods In total, 100 fathers of 125 infants born VPT (<30 weeks’ gestation) completed questionnaires assessing depressive and anxiety symptoms shortly after their infant’s birth, and when their infant reached term-equivalent age, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months’ corrected age. At 12 months’ corrected age, fathers’ parenting behaviors were assessed using the Emotional Availability Scales. Longitudinal latent class analysis was used to identify trajectories of fathers’ depressive and anxiety symptoms, and linear regression equations examined relationships between these trajectories and fathers’ parenting behaviors. Results For both depressive and anxiety symptoms, two distinct trajectories were identified. For depression, most fathers were assigned to the persistently low symptom trajectory (82%), while the remainder were assigned to the persistently high symptom trajectory (18%). For anxiety, 49% of fathers were assigned to the persistently low symptom trajectory, while 51% were assigned to the trajectory characterized by moderate symptoms over the first postnatal year. There were no significant differences in parenting behaviors between fathers assigned to the different depressive and anxiety symptom trajectories. Conclusions Fathers of infants born VPT are at risk of chronic depressive and anxiety symptoms over the first postnatal year, highlighting the need for screening and ongoing support.
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LeMoult, Joelle, Karen Rowa, Martin M. Antony, Susan Chudzik, and Randi E. McCabe. "Effect of Comorbid Depression on Cognitive Behavioural Group Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder." Behaviour Change 31, no. 1 (February 27, 2014): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bec.2013.32.
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AbstractMany individuals seeking treatment for social anxiety disorder (SAD) also meet criteria for a comorbid depressive disorder. Little is known, however, about how a comorbid depressive disorder affects social anxiety treatment. This study examined 61 participants with SAD and 72 with SAD and a comorbid depressive disorder (SAD+D) before and after 12 weeks of cognitive behavioural group therapy (CBGT) for social anxiety. Although patients with SAD+D reported more severe symptoms of social anxiety and depression at pretreatment, treatment was similarly effective for individuals with SAD and SAD+D. However, individuals with SAD+D continued to report higher symptom severity at post-treatment. Interestingly, CBGT for social anxiety also led to improvements in depressive symptoms despite the fact that depression was not targeted during treatment. Improvement in social anxiety symptoms predicted 26.8% of the variance in improvement in depressive symptoms. Results suggest that depressive symptoms need not be in remission for individuals to benefit from CBGT for social anxiety. However, more than 12 sessions of CBGT may be beneficial for individuals with comorbid depression.
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Kouros, Chrystyna D., Susanna Quasem, and Judy Garber. "Dynamic temporal relations between anxious and depressive symptoms across adolescence." Development and Psychopathology 25, no. 3 (July 23, 2013): 683–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579413000102.
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AbstractSymptoms of anxiety and depression are prevalent among adolescents and associated with impairment in multiple domains of functioning. Moreover, anxiety and depression frequently co-occur, with estimated comorbidity rates as high as 75%. Whereas previous research has shown that anxiety symptoms predict increased depressive symptoms over time, the relation between depressive symptoms and later anxiety symptoms has been inconsistent. The present study examined dynamic relations between anxiety and depressive symptoms across adolescence and explored whether these longitudinal relations were moderated by maternal history of anxiety, family relationship quality, or children's attributional style. Participants included 240 children (M age = 11.86 years; 53.9% female) and their mothers, who were assessed annually for 6 years. Children reported on their depressive symptoms and mothers reported on their child's anxiety symptoms. Dynamic latent change score models indicated that anxiety symptoms predicted subsequent elevations in depressive symptoms over time. Depressive symptoms predicted subsequent elevations in anxiety symptoms among children who had mothers with a history of anxiety, reported low family relationship quality, or had high levels of negative attributions. Thus, whereas anxiety symptoms were a robust predictor of later depressive symptoms during adolescence, contextual and individual factors may be important to consider when examining relations between depressive symptoms and subsequent change in anxiety symptoms.
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Spinhoven, Philip, Karin Roelofs, Jacqueline GFM Hovens, Bernet M. Elzinga, Patricia van Oppen, Frans G. Zitman, and Brenda WJH Penninx. "Personality, Life Events and the Course of Anxiety and Depression." European Journal of Personality 25, no. 6 (November 2011): 443–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.808.
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Using data from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety, we examined among 1322 participants with a DSM–IV diagnosis of depression or anxiety: (i) whether positive and negative life events influence 1–year course of anxiety and depressive symptoms; (ii) whether personality traits (neuroticism and extraversion) predict symptom course and moderate the impact of life events on symptom course; and (iii) whether life events mediate relationships of neuroticism and extraversion with symptom course. Negative life events were predictive of both anxiety and depressive symptoms, while positive life events predicted the course of depressive symptoms only. Personality traits had significant predictive and moderating effects on symptom course, though these effects were rather small. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Johann, Alexandra, Jelena Dukic, Yannick Rothacher, and Ulrike Ehlert. "Trajectories of reproductive transition phase mood disorder from pregnancy to postpartum: A Swiss longitudinal study." Women's Health 19 (January 2023): 174550572211473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17455057221147391.
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Background: Depressive symptoms are common in the peripartum period and pose a great risk to the well-being of the mother, the infant, and the entire family. Evidence from longitudinal studies suggests that affected women do not constitute one homogeneous group in terms of severity, chronicity, and onset of symptoms. To account for individual differences regarding the longitudinal course of depressive symptoms from pregnancy to the postpartum period, growth mixture models have proven to be useful. Methods: We conducted a group-based trajectory modeling analysis to identify perinatal depressive symptom trajectories in a Swiss sample ( n = 151). Depressive symptoms were assessed six times, covering nearly 6 months from the third trimester of pregnancy to 3 months postpartum. In addition to determining perinatal depressive symptom trajectories, we aimed to examine whether these trajectories are linked to psychopathological risk factors such as a history of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), anxiety, prenatal stress, and somatic symptoms after delivery that are associated with hormonal fluctuations. Results: The findings revealed three trajectories of perinatal depressive symptoms that were relatively stable over time and differed in symptom load (low, medium, high), as well as one trajectory of decreasing symptoms, with a significant symptom reduction after giving birth. Women with a higher depressive symptom load experienced a greater degree of prior premenstrual symptoms, prenatal anxiety, and birth anxiety, as well as somatic symptoms after delivery. Conclusion: Further research is needed to account for the distinct trajectories of perinatal depressive symptoms in order to provide appropriate care for affected women. A focus on somatic symptoms after delivery and their association with depressive mood is essential to better understand the potential shared etiopathology of reproductive transition phase mood disorders.
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Sharovsky, Lilian Lopes, and Bellkiss Wilma Romano. "Depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients with Metabolic Syndrome." Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas) 30, no. 4 (December 2013): 603–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-166x2013000400013.
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Depressive symptoms have been associated to the Metabolic Syndrome. Nevertheless, only a few studies have evaluated anxiety and depression concomitantly. The objective of the research was to evaluate the intensity of depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients with Metabolic Syndrome and their relation to demographic variables. A unicenter, transversal study was carried out. A social demographic questionnaire was used. Depressive symptoms were measured with Beck Depression Inventory and anxiety symptoms were measured with Hamilton Anxiety Scale Rate. A total of 103 ambulatory patients, 60 of them men, with mean age 55.4 years (±7,6) with a diagnosis of Metabolic Syndrome were included in the study. Anxiety symptoms of very severe intensity were present in 51.5% (n=53) while severe depressive symptoms in only 5.8% (n=6). Anxiety and depressive symptoms were significantly associated. In this sample, anxiety predominated in relation to the depressive symptoms. The anxiety symptoms were more intense in women and that had low level of education.
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Masuya, Jiro, Chihiro Morishita, Motoki Higashiyama, Ayaka Deguchi, Yoshitaka Ishii, Miki Ono, Mina Honyashiki, Yoshio Iwata, and Takeshi Inoue. "Depressive rumination and trait anxiety mediate the effects of childhood victimization on adulthood depressive symptoms in adult volunteers." PLOS ONE 18, no. 5 (May 23, 2023): e0286126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0286126.
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Background Prior studies have reported that childhood victimization experiences substantially augment the risk of depression and suicide in adulthood. Several of our previous studies suggested that childhood experiences of victimization interact with the quality of parenting experienced in childhood, childhood experiences of abuse, neuroticism, and other factors to influence depressive symptoms in adulthood. In this study, it was hypothesized that “childhood victimization” worsens “trait anxiety” and “depressive rumination”, and that “trait anxiety” and “depressive rumination” are mediators that worsen “depressive symptoms in adulthood”. Subjects and methods The following self-administered questionnaires were completed by 576 adult volunteers: Patient Health Questionnaire-9, State–Trait Anxiety Inventory form Y, Ruminative Responses Scale, and Childhood Victimization Rating Scale. Statistical analyses were performed by Pearson correlation coefficient analysis, t-test, multiple regression analysis, path analysis, and covariance structure analysis. Results Path analysis demonstrated that the direct effect was statistically significant for the paths from childhood victimization to trait anxiety, depressive rumination, and depressive symptom severity. Moreover, the indirect effect of childhood victimization on depressive rumination mediated by trait anxiety was statistically significant. The indirect effects of childhood victimization on depressive symptom severity mediated by trait anxiety and depressive rumination were statistically significant. Furthermore, the indirect effect of childhood victimization on depressive symptom severity mediated by both trait anxiety and depressive rumination was statistically significant. Conclusions We found that childhood victimization directly and adversely influenced each of the above factors, and indirectly worsened adulthood depressive symptoms with trait anxiety and depressive ruminations as mediating factors. The present study is the first to clarify these mediation effects. Therefore, the results of this study suggest the importance of preventing childhood victimization and the importance of identifying and addressing childhood victimization in patients with clinical depression.
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Karsten, Julie, Catharina A. Hartman, Johannes H. Smit, Frans G. Zitman, Aartjan T. F. Beekman, Pim Cuijpers, A. J. Willem van der Does, Johan Ormel, Willem A. Nolen, and Brenda W. J. H. Penninx. "Psychiatric history and subthreshold symptoms as predictors of the occurrence of depressive or anxiety disorder within 2 years." British Journal of Psychiatry 198, no. 3 (March 2011): 206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.110.080572.
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BackgroundPast episodes of depressive or anxiety disorders and subthreshold symptoms have both been reported to predict the occurrence of depressive or anxiety disorders. It is unclear to what extent the two factors interact or predict these disorders independently.AimsTo examine the extent to which history, subthreshold symptoms and their combination predict the occurrence of depressive (major depressive disorder, dysthymia) or anxiety disorders (social phobia, panic disorder, agoraphobia, generalised anxiety disorder) over a 2-year period.MethodThis was a prospective cohort study with 1167 participants: the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety. Anxiety and depressive disorders were determined with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview, subthreshold symptoms were determined with the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology–Self Report and the Beck Anxiety Inventory.ResultsOccurrence of depressive disorder was best predicted by a combination of a history of depression and subthreshold symptoms, followed by either one alone. Occurrence of anxiety disorder was best predicted by both a combination of a history of anxiety disorder and subthreshold symptoms and a combination of a history of depression and subthreshold symptoms, followed by any subthreshold symptoms or a history of any disorder alone.ConclusionsA history and subthreshold symptoms independently predicted the subsequent occurrence of depressive or anxiety disorder. Together these two characteristics provide reasonable discriminative value. Whereas anxiety predicted the occurrence of an anxiety disorder only, depression predicted the occurrence of both depressive and anxiety disorders.
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Ayano, G., K. Betts, R. Tait, B. Dachew, A. Lin, and R. Alati. "The risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in the adolescent offspring of mothers with anxiety and depressive symptoms. Findings from the raine study." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.261.
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IntroductionWhile there exist some studies that explored the association between maternal anxiety and depressive symptoms and the risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in early and late childhood, studies exploring the risk in late adolescence are however lacking.ObjectivesThis is the first study that aimed to investigate the association between maternal anxiety, depressive, as well as comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms, and the risk of ADHD symptoms in late adolescence.MethodsWe used data from the Raine Study, a birth cohort in Western Australia. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS) was used to assess maternal depressive and anxiety symptoms when the child was aged 10. Whereas, the DSM-oriented scales of the child behavior checklist (CBCL) was used to assess ADHD symptoms offspring in adolescents aged 17. Log-binomial regression model was used to explore the associations.ResultsAfter adjusting for relevant covariates, we found an increased risk of ADHD symptoms in the adolescent children of mothers with anxiety [RR 2.84 (95%CI 1.18-6.83)] as well as comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms [RR 5.60 (95%CI 3.02-10.37)]. No association was seen with maternal depressive symptoms.ConclusionsThis study suggested that adolescent offspring of mothers with anxiety as well as comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms had an increased risk of ADHD symptoms. Early detection and management for ADHD symptoms in children of mothers with anxiety and comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms are needed.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
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Zhang, Chenxi, Shufei Zeng, Yan Xu, Shuai Liu, Shixu Du, Leqin Fang, Zhihong Lv, Lili Zhang, and Bin Zhang. "Baseline symptoms of depression and anxiety negatively impact the effectiveness of CBTi in treating acute insomnia among young adults." General Psychiatry 36, no. 3 (May 2023): e101013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gpsych-2023-101013.
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BackgroundCognitive–behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBTi) is the first-line treatment for those with this sleep disorder. However, depressive and anxiety symptoms often co-occur with acute insomnia, which may affect the effectiveness of CBTi treatment.AimsThis study aimed to determine the impact of depressive and anxiety symptoms on the efficacy of CBTi in treating acute insomnia.MethodsA single-arm clinical trial was conducted among individuals who have acute insomnia. Participants underwent self-guided CBTi for 1-week. Their insomnia, depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms were evaluated using the Insomnia Severity Index and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale at baseline, post-treatment and 3-month follow-up. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to assess the effectiveness of CBTi in treating insomnia, depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms. A multivariate Cox regression model was used to determine the impact of depressive and anxiety symptoms on insomnia.ResultsThe study found significant reductions in insomnia, depressive symptoms and anxiety symptoms at both post-treatment and 3-month follow-up (F=17.45, p<0.001; F=36.37, p=0.001; and F=81.51, p<0.001, respectively). The duration of CBTi treatment had a positive impact on insomnia recovery (hazard ratio (HR)=0.94, p=0.018). However, baseline depressive symptoms (HR=1.83, p=0.004) and baseline anxiety symptoms (HR=1.99, p=0.001) had significant negative effects on insomnia recovery.ConclusionsThe study showed that a 1-week self-guided CBTi treatment is effective in treating acute insomnia and comorbid depressive and anxiety symptoms. However, baseline depressive and anxiety symptoms negatively impact treatment effectiveness. Therefore, clinicians should assess for depressive and anxiety symptoms before treating acute insomnia with monotherapy CBTi.
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Zhai, Yusen, Mahmood Almaawali, and Xue Du. "The Moderating Role of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in Protective Effects of Health Behaviors among Clients Using Mental Health Services." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 6 (March 18, 2024): 1753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13061753.
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College-student clients using mental health services contend with increased anxiety and depressive symptoms, and their vulnerability to infectious respiratory diseases and severe clinical outcomes rises. To mitigate severe outcomes, health behaviors serve as essential protective tools to reduce the risk of infectious diseases, including COVID-19. Considering the escalating prevalence of anxiety and depression among college-student clients, little is known about how anxiety and depressive symptoms could potentially attenuate the protective effects of COVID-19 health behaviors (i.e., masking, social distancing, and hygiene practice). This study aims to examine the interactive effects of anxiety/depression and health behaviors in predicting COVID-19 infection. Methods: We analyzed data from the 2020–2021 Healthy Mind Study including a random sample of 9884 college-student clients in mental health services across 140 higher education institutions in the United States. We performed multivariable logistic regression to assess whether and to what extent the associations between COVID-19 health behaviors and infection depended on severity of anxiety or depressive symptoms. Results: Anxiety symptom severity negatively moderated the protective effects of social distancing against infection after adjusting for demographic characteristics and pre-existing chronic health conditions. Depressive symptom severity negatively moderated the protective effects of masking, social distancing, or hygiene practices against infection. Conclusion: The associations between certain COVID-19 health behaviors and infection were conditional on anxiety and depressive symptom severity. Findings suggest a potential public health benefit of mental health clinicians’ efforts in assessing and treating clients’ anxiety and depressive symptoms, namely reducing their vulnerability to COVID-19 infection and perhaps other infectious respiratory diseases.
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Bolstad, Courtney, and Michael Nadorff. "Types of Insomnia Mediate the Relation between Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms Longitudinally in Late Life." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.3318.
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Abstract The current study examined onset and maintenance insomnia as mediators of the relation between anxiety and depressive symptoms over a three-year period in a sample of older adults. We hypothesized that anxiety symptoms at timepoint one would significantly predict depressive symptoms at timepoint four, while controlling for depressive symptoms at timepoint one. We also hypothesized that this effect would be significantly reduced when adding onset and maintenance insomnia at timepoint two and three, respectively, as mediators. Participants included 3,484 older adults, ages 66 to 103 (M = 77, SD = 7), included in the National Health and Aging Trends Study who completed measures of types of insomnia, anxiety, and depressive symptoms at four different timepoints (2012 through 2015). The model showed a significant direct effect of anxiety on depressive symptoms at timepoint four, independent of baseline depressive symptoms. The relation was mediated by onset and maintenance insomnia, though a significant direct effect remained. Therefore, types of insomnia contribute to the development of depressive symptoms in older adults with anxiety symptoms over time, even when controlling for baseline depressive symptoms. Further, onset and maintenance insomnia are unique outcomes and predictors of anxiety and depressive symptoms, respectively, even when controlling for baseline depressive symptoms. Our findings provide a foundation for future intervention research with clinical samples that control for confounding variables in further elucidating the development and change in depressive symptoms among older adults with anxiety through onset and maintenance insomnia.
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CHEN, J. H., A. J. BIERHALS, H. G. PRIGERSON, S. V. KASL, C. M. MAZURE, and S. JACOBS. "Gender differences in the effects of bereavement-related psychological distress in health outcomes." Psychological Medicine 29, no. 2 (March 1999): 367–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291798008137.
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Background. This study examined whether traumatic grief, depressive and anxiety symptoms formed three distinct factors for widows and widowers. In addition, we examined whether high symptom levels of traumatic grief, depression and anxiety predicted different mental and physical health outcomes for widows and widowers.Method. Ninety-two future widows and 58 future widowers were interviewed at the time of their spouse's hospital admission and then at 6 weeks, 6, 13 and 25 month follow-ups. Principal axis factor analyses tested the distinctiveness of traumatic grief, depressive and anxiety symptoms, by gender. Repeated measures ANOVA tested for gender differences and changes over time in mean symptom levels of traumatic grief, depression and anxiety. Linear and logistic regression models estimated the effects of high symptom levels of traumatic grief, depression and anxiety at 6 months on health outcomes at 13 and 25 months post-intake by gender.Results. Three distinct symptom clusters (i.e. traumatic grief, depressive and anxiety symptoms) were found to emerge for both widows and widowers. Widows had higher mean levels of traumatic grief, depressive and anxiety symptoms. High symptom levels of traumatic grief measured at 6 months predicted a physical health event (e.g. cancer, heart attack) at 25 months post-intake for widows. High symptom levels of anxiety measured at 6 months predicted suicidal ideation at 25 months for widowers.Conclusions. The results suggest that there are gender differences in the levels of psychological symptoms resulting from bereavement and in their effects on subsequent mental and physical health for widows and widowers.
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Sales, Eliane Cardoso, and Vilma Sousa Santana. "Depressive and anxiety symptoms among housemaids." American Journal of Industrial Medicine 44, no. 6 (November 14, 2003): 685–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.10280.
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Adams, Kiera Louise, Kate E. Saunders, Charles Donald George Keown-Stoneman, and Anne C. Duffy. "Mental health trajectories in undergraduate students over the first year of university: a longitudinal cohort study." BMJ Open 11, no. 12 (November 30, 2021): e047393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047393.
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ObjectiveThis study examined the association between candidate psychosocial and lifestyle variables and the trajectories of clinically significant anxiety and depressive symptoms from entry to completion of first-year university.DesignA longitudinal cohort studyParticipantsFirst-year undergraduate studentsMethodsWe analysed the responses of 1686 first-year undergraduate students attending Queen’s University who completed electronic surveys at both the beginning and completion of their academic year. Predictors of change in positive anxiety and depressive symptom screens (based on exceeding validated symptom threshold scores) were identified using logistic regression.ResultsIncreased university connectedness reduced the odds of emergent significant depressive and anxiety symptoms in healthy students and increased the odds of recovery in students who screened positive at the start of university. Students who screened positive for depression or anxiety at university entry were less likely to recover if they had a lifetime history of internalising disorders. Healthy students who increased their drug use over their first year had higher odds of developing significant levels of both anxiety and depressive symptoms by completion of the academic year.ConclusionsModerate to severe levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms are common among students at entry to university and persist over the first year. University connectedness may mitigate the risk of persistent or emergent symptoms, whereas drug use appears to increase these risks. Findings have implications for university well-being initiatives.
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Tang, Wai-Kin, and Jetty Chung-Yung Lee. "Association of Fast-Food Intake with Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms among Young Adults: A Pilot Study." Nutrients 16, no. 19 (September 30, 2024): 3317. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu16193317.
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Background: High intake of fast food has been linked to increased risks of both depressive and anxiety disorders. However, associations between individual fast-food items and depressive/anxiety disorders are rarely examined. Method: Using cross-sectional survey the association between common fast-food items and depressive/anxiety symptoms among 142 young Hong Kong adults aged 18–27 years old was examined. A qualitative food frequency questionnaire was employed to measure the intake frequency of 22 common fast-food items found in Hong Kong. Occurrence of significant depressive and anxiety symptoms was measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), respectively. Primary measures were multivariate-adjusted odds ratios for occurrence of depressive and anxiety symptoms compared with the low intake frequency group for common fast-food items. Results: Our observations suggest that frequent intake of high-fat, -sugar, and -sodium fast-foods increased depressive symptoms, while frequent high-fat fast-food intake was associated with anxiety symptoms. However, frequent intake of sugar-free beverages reduced the risk of depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Habitual intake of certain fast foods were related to depressive/anxiety symptoms in young adults.
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Mcinerney, A., N. Lindekilde, A. Nouwen, N. Schmitz, and S. Deschenes. "Symptoms of diabetes distress, depression, and anxiety in people with type 2 diabetes: identifying central and bridge symptoms using network analysis." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.736.
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Introduction People with diabetes are vulnerable to diabetes-related distress and are more likely to experience depressive and anxiety symptoms than the general population. Diabetes distress, depressive, and anxiety symptoms also tend to commonly co-occur. Objectives This study aimed to apply network analysis to explore the associations between diabetes distress, depressive, and anxiety symptoms in a cohort of adults with type 2 diabetes. Methods Data were from the baseline (2011) assessment of the Evaluation of Diabetes Insulin Treatment (EDIT) study (N = 1,796; 49% female; mean age = 60, SD = 8) from Quebec, Canada. A first network using the 17 items of the diabetes distress scale (DDS-17) was estimated. A second network was estimated using the 17 items of the DDS-17, the 9 depressive items of the PHQ-9, and the 7 anxiety items of the GAD-7. Symptom centrality, network stability, and bridge symptoms were examined. Results Regimen-related and physician-related distress symptoms were amongst the most central (highly connected) in the diabetes distress network. Worrying too much (anxiety), Not feeling motivated to keep up diabetes self-management (diabetes distress), and Feeling like a failure (depression) were the most central symptoms in the combined network. Feeling like a failure (depression) was highly connected to diabetes distress symptoms, representing a potential bridge between diabetes distress and depression. Conclusions Identifying central and bridge symptoms may provide new insights into diabetes distress, depressive, and anxiety symptom maintenance and comorbidity in people with type 2 diabetes. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Durish, Christianne Laliberté, Keith Owen Yeates, and Brian L. Brooks. "Psychological Resilience as a Predictor of Symptom Severity in Adolescents With Poor Recovery Following Concussion." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 25, no. 04 (April 2019): 346–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617718001169.
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AbstractObjectives: Examine the mediating effects of anxiety and depressive symptoms on the relationship between psychological resilience and post-concussive symptoms (PCS) in children with poor recovery following concussion. Participants and Methods: Adolescents (N=93), ages 13 to 18 years, were assessed at a neuropsychology screening clinic at a children’s hospital. They sustained concussions more than 1 month before the clinic visit (median time since injury=5.1 months; range=42–473 days) and were seen on the basis of poor recovery (i.e., presence of persistent PCS and complaints of cognitive problems). Self-reported psychological resilience was measured using the 10-item version of the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale; self- and parent-reported anxiety and depressive symptoms were measured using the Behaviour Assessment System for Children – Second Edition; and self- and parent-reported PCS were measured using the Post-Concussion Symptom Inventory. All variables were measured concurrently. Regression-based mediation analyses were conducted to examine anxiety and depressive symptoms as mediators of the relationship between psychological resilience and PCS. Results: Psychological resilience significantly predicted self-reported PCS. Self-reported anxiety and depressive symptoms significantly mediated the relationship between resilience and self-reported PCS, and parent-reported child depressive symptoms significantly mediated the relationship between resilience and self- and parent-reported PCS. Conclusions: Psychological resilience plays an important role in recovery from concussion, and this relationship may be mediated by anxiety and depressive symptoms. These results help shed light on the mechanisms of the role of psychological resilience in predicting PCS in children with prolonged symptom recovery. (JINS, 2019, 25, 346–354)
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Honeycutt, Lucy, Jean-François Gagnon, Amélie Pelletier, Jacques Y. Montplaisir, Geneviève Gagnon, and Ronald B. Postuma. "Characterization of Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms in Idiopathic REM Sleep Behavior Disorder." Journal of Parkinson's Disease 11, no. 3 (August 2, 2021): 1409–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jpd-212625.
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Background: Depression and anxiety are common in synucleinopathies and often present during prodromal stages, including idiopathic/isolated REM sleep behavior disorder (iRBD). However, the specific profiles of depression/anxiety and their predictive values for phenoconversion remain unclear. Objective: To assess the predominant manifestations, predictive value, and changes over time in depressive and anxiety symptoms in iRBD. Methods: Patients with polysomnography-confirmed iRBD (n = 114) and healthy controls (n = 44) were recruited. The Beck Depression Inventory and Beck Anxiety Inventory were administered at baseline, which was repeated prospectively over follow-up. Factor solutions were generated to delineate symptom clusters within the scales, and to help disentangle primary mood symptoms from other neurodegenerative confounds. Total scores, individual scale items, and factors were evaluated to 1) compare patients and controls, 2) assess progression of symptoms over time, and 3) assess predictive value for phenoconversion. Results: At baseline, iRBD patients had more severe depressive (9.0 = 6.7 vs 5.8 = 4.8) and anxiety (7.0 = 7.9 vs 4.5 = 6.0) symptoms than controls. Increased scores were seen in numerous individual scale items and most scales’ factors. For depressive symptoms, there was no progression of total scores or factors over time. However, anxiety scores worsened slightly over prospective follow-up (annual slope = 0.58 points, p < 0.05). Over an average 2.4 = 3.1-year follow-up, 37 patients phenoconverted and 72 remained disease-free. Neither baseline depressive nor anxiety symptoms predicted phenoconversion to clinical neurodegenerative disease. Conclusions: Depressive and anxiety symptoms are common in iRBD. However, they do not predict phenoconversion and show only modest progression over time, solely for anxiety.
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Zheng, Leying, Yadan Luo, and Xu Chen. "Different effects of attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance on depressive symptoms: A meta-analysis." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 37, no. 12 (August 17, 2020): 3028–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407520946482.
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Although insecure adult attachment is thought to be associated with depressive symptoms, results of research on the link between attachment dimensions (attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance) and depressive symptoms have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to use meta-analysis to examine the strength of the correlations between the two attachment dimensions and depressive symptoms. A total of 64 papers and 78 independent samples were included in this meta-analysis. Results showed significant associations between both attachment dimensions and depressive symptoms. Additional analyses indicated that attachment anxiety was more strongly related to depressive symptoms, whereas attachment avoidance was weakly related to depressive symptoms. Cultural orientation and sex were found to moderate the relationship between attachment anxiety and depressive symptoms. Age was a significant moderator of the relationships between both attachment anxiety and avoidance and depressive symptoms. Results of the meta-analysis and the implications were discussed.
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Quilter, MC, LT Hiraki, and DJ Korczak. "Depressive and anxiety symptom prevalence in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review." Lupus 28, no. 7 (June 2019): 878–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203319853621.
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Background Depressive and anxiety symptoms are common in children and youth and may impact outcomes for individuals with childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Research into the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms and childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus comorbidity has reported conflicting results. Objective To synthesize current knowledge regarding the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Methods Studies were identified through a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, LILACS and Web of Science (from database inception to July 2018) using MESH headings and keywords for ‘lupus erythematosus’, and ‘depression’ or ‘anxiety’. Included studies measured depressive and/or anxiety symptoms prospectively among children and youth aged 8 to 21 years with a diagnosis of childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus was included. Studies without use of validated screening tools for major depressive disorder or anxiety disorders were excluded, as were studies where diagnosis was by retrospective analysis of patient charts. Data were extracted by two independent coders and where discrepancies occurred, agreement was reached by consensus. Results In total, 70 studies met the criteria for full text review and of these, 14 were included in the final analysis. The majority (70%) of studies were of cross-sectional design, with sample sizes ranging from 20 to 100 (mean = 48) participants. The mean age of participants was 15.9 years and participants were predominantly female. Prevalence rates for depressive symptoms ranged from 6.7% to 59%. Anxiety symptom prevalence was 34% to 37%. All studies employed self-report instruments to assess depressive and anxiety symptoms; none of the studies utilized a semi-structured diagnostic interview to make psychiatric diagnoses. Significant heterogeneity precluded meta-analysis of the data. Conclusions Depressive and anxiety symptoms may be common comorbidities of childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus; however, current research is limited by a paucity of studies, small sample sizes and an inability to confirm psychiatric diagnoses. Future research addressing these limitations is needed.
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Brombach, Ruth, Jessica Dietch, John Sy, Tracy Trevorrow, and Eric Zhou. "0626 Type of screen time and the relationship between anxiety, depressive and insomnia symptoms in college students." SLEEP 46, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2023): A275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsad077.0626.
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Abstract Introduction Limited and conflicting evidence examines associations between screen time, depression, anxiety and insomnia in adolescents. Surprisingly few studies focus on college students who face unique sleep-related challenges, frequent media use and elevated rates of mental health problems. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to examine the influence of different types of screen time on the relationship between anxiety/depressive symptoms and insomnia symptoms in college students. Methods Participants (N = 1,085 college students with a mean age of M = 21.15 [SD = 5.51]) completed questionnaires of demographics, anxiety, depression, insomnia, and daily screen time. Type of screen time was classified as: (1) social, (2) non-social, or (3) productivity. We conducted correlations and used Model 1 of the PROCESS macro version 3.5 was used to determine whether type of screen time moderated the relationship between depressive or anxiety symptoms and insomnia. Results Insomnia symptoms were moderately correlated with anxiety (r = .49, p = <.001) and depressive symptoms (r = .60, p = <.001). Anxiety symptoms were correlated with social screen time (r = .09, p = <.01); depressive symptoms were correlated with non-social screen time (r = .13, p = <.001). Social screen time moderated the relationship between anxiety symptoms and insomnia symptoms (b = -.03, SE = .01, p = .01) and the relationship between depressive symptoms and insomnia symptoms (b = -.02, SE = .01, p = .02). Productivity and non-social screen time were not significant moderators. Conclusion Anxiety symptoms were only correlated with social screen time whereas depressive symptoms were only correlated with using non-social screen time. Moderation analyses revealed social screen time moderated the relationship between anxiety/depressive symptoms and insomnia symptoms. Elevated social screen time was associated with elevated insomnia symptoms among participants with less anxiety/depressive symptoms. Distinguishing between non-social and social screen time may be relevant when examining the influence of screen time on depressive/anxiety symptoms and their relationship with insomnia symptoms. Further research could address these findings in a clinical sample and examine whether intervening on specific types of screen time impacts the relationship between depression/anxiety and insomnia. Support (if any) None
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Mohamed Saini, Suriati, Susan Tan Mooi Koon, Mohamad Adam Bujang, Gerard Lim Chin Chye, Shalisah Sharip, Suzaily Wahab, Nik Ruzyanei Nik Jaafar, Chan Lai Fong, and Azlin Baharudin. "Effect of Anxiety and Depression on Survival of Cancer Patients, a 13 Year Follow-up." Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Care 6, no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31557/apjcc.2021.6.1.9-13.
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Introduction: Anxiety and depression occur at a high rate in cancer patients. However, debate remains regarding the effect of anxiety and depression on cancer survival. Objective: This study aimed to determine the effect of anxiety and depressive symptoms on the survival of cancer patients. Methods: The subjects consisted of 112 cancer patients who attended the Oncology and Radiotherapy outpatient clinic Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, in 1999. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) questionnaire at inception. Information on patients’ mortality status for extended 13 years follow-up (in 2011) was obtained from the National Registration Department death records. Overall survival for each anxiety and depressive symptoms scores in HADS at 13 years was calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression analysis. Results: Cancer patients experienced more anxiety (83%) compared to depressive symptoms (40.2%). The mean (S.D.) HADS scores for depressive symptoms were 9.9 (2.5), and the anxiety symptoms score was 12.6 (2.1). At 13 years, half of the patients (50.9%) had died. No significant effect of anxiety (p=0.399, 95% C.I.= 6.2-8.4) or depressive symptoms at inception (p=0.749, 95% C.I.= 5.9-8.4) towards cancer patients’ survival was found at 13 years follow-up. Conclusion: The occurrence of anxiety symptoms among cancer patients in this study was 2-folds higher than depressive symptoms. However, no significant increased risk of death was found in cancer patients with anxiety or depressive symptoms at 13 years follow-up. It may imply that as time extended, survival in cancer patients may be related to various interacting elements, and intervening health factors are of importance.
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Liang, Xiaolin, Xinyu Zhang, Charlotte Aimee Young, Yiyuan Ma, Qian Ye, Danying Zheng, and Guangming Jin. "Depressive and anxiety symptoms in caregivers of children with congenital ectopia lentis: a prospective cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 14, no. 8 (August 2024): e082159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2023-082159.
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ObjectivesTo evaluate the frequency and severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms and explore possible risk factors among caregivers of children with congenital ectopia lentis (CEL).DesignA prospective cross-sectional study was conducted.Participants108 patients and 108 informal caregivers (mainly parents) were included. Participants were grouped based on whether patients had systemic abnormalities: group 1 were children without systemic abnormalities and group 2 were children with systemic abnormalities.Outcome measuresThe 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) were used to assess depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively.ResultsMore than half of caregivers (51.9%) have depressive or anxiety symptoms of some degree. 38.0% of caregivers suffered from both depressive and anxiety symptoms. 19.4% of caregivers had moderate to severe depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 score ≥10) while 16.7% reported moderate to severe anxiety symptoms (GAD-7 score ≥10). Between the two groups, the mean PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores significantly differed (p=0.026 in PHQ-9; p=0.018 in GAD-7). The proportion of caregivers with moderate to severe symptoms was greater in group 2 than in group 1. In addition, there was a significant positive correlation between PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores (r=0.827; p<0.001). Furthermore, best corrected visual acuity in the better eye of patients was positively correlated with both the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores (r=0.314, p<0.05 in PHQ-9; r=0.325, p<0.05 in GAD-7).ConclusionsDepressive and anxiety symptoms were common in caregivers of children with CEL, especially among those whose children had other systemic disease manifestations or low vision. This study illustrates the importance of depressive and anxiety symptom screening for these caregivers to implement effective psychological interventions and support strategies.
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Noël, Ingrid, Sylvie Dodin, Stéphanie Dufour, Marie-Ève Bergeron, Jessica Lefebvre, and Sarah Maheux-Lacroix. "Evaluation of predictor factors of psychological distress in women with unexplained infertility." Therapeutic Advances in Reproductive Health 16 (January 2022): 263349412110680. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26334941211068010.
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Objective: The objective of this study was to establish the frequency of anxiety and depressive symptoms among women diagnosed with unexplained infertility and to identify risk factors. Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study. Forty-two women from the CHU de Quebec fertility clinic were recruited. Women completed the ‘Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale’ (HADS) self-administered questionnaire, used to estimate prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms (score ≥ 8). Results: Overall, 55% ( n = 23) of participants were identified with anxiety or depressive symptoms according to the HADS questionnaire. Anxiety symptoms were more frequent (55%) compared with depressive symptoms (10%). According to a logistic regression model, being under 35 years old [odds ratio (OR) = 16.6, confidence interval (CI): 1.9–25.0], never had a previous spontaneous abortion (OR = 5.6, CI: 1.1–43.5) and never sought fertility treatment (OR = 5.5, CI: 1.1–45.4) were associated with a higher risk of anxiety and depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Anxiety and depressive symptoms are common among women with unexplained infertility, and strategies should be developed to better support and treat this high-risk population.
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Tungchama, Friday Philip, Simji Samuel Gomerep, Yusufu Taru Maigari, Margret Akogun, Amabu Enoch Bako, Charles Nnemeka Nwoga, Ebiloma Christiana Ajuma, Emmanuel Tope Amupitan, and Nathan Yakubu Shehu. "Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms among Discharged COVID-19 Patients from Isolation Centers in North-Central, Nigeria: A Cross-sectional Study." Nigerian Journal of Medicine 32, no. 6 (November 2023): 606–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/njm.njm_135_23.
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Abstract Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic brought about an unprecedented number of people to be isolated and this negatively impacted on manifestations of various anxiety and depressive symptoms. Our study determined the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms and the associated sociodemographic and clinical factors among discharged COVID-19 patients in North-Central, Nigeria. Methods: One hundred and sixteen discharged COVID-19 patients were assessed in a cross-sectional study during the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in Jos, North-Central, Nigeria. The age, gender, educational level, length of stay in isolation, and presence of symptoms of COVID-19 were assessed with a semi-structured questionnaire designed by the authors. The Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 was used to assess for the symptoms of anxiety and depression among participants. Results: The mean age was 38.7 ± 14.6 years. More men (59%) were assessed with 67.2% of the participants “ever married,” and 43% had tertiary education. Voluntary admission was 62% and about 14% had symptoms of COVID-19. Forty-three percent had stayed for more than 10 days. The prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression was 17.2% and 9.5%, respectively, with 10.3% having combined symptoms. No significant association between the various sociodemographic and clinical factors, with symptoms of anxiety, except for the female gender which was significantly associated with depressive symptoms (P = 0.026). Conclusion: Isolation and COVID-19 impact on the manifestation of anxiety and depressive symptoms. Screening for anxiety and depressive symptoms should be integrated into the comprehensive psychological management of patients, especially for epidemic-prone diseases like COVID-19 that are associated with stigma.
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Zimmerman, Mark, Caroline Balling, Iwona Chelminski, and Kristy Dalrymple. "Understanding the severity of depression: do nondepressive symptoms influence global ratings of depression severity?" CNS Spectrums 25, no. 4 (November 12, 2019): 557–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852919001548.
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AbstractObjective.Almost all depression measures have been developed without discussing how to best conceptualize and assess the severity of depression. It is therefore not surprising that measures differ in both how items are rated and item content. The question that we address in the present report from the Rhode Island Methods to Improve Diagnostic Assessment and Services (MIDAS) project is whether a measure of depression severity should include symptoms that are frequent in depressed patients but are defining features of other disorders (eg, anxiety, irritability)Methods.Patients were evaluated with a semi-structured interview and severity ratings were made of each symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD) as well as anxiety, irritability, and somatization. Patients were also rated on the Clinical Global Index of severity (CGI).Results.Three of the 5 nondepressive symptoms (psychic anxiety, somatic anxiety, and subjective anger) were significantly correlated with the CGI. The correlation between the sum of all 5 nondepressive symptoms and the CGI was significantly lower than the correlation between the sum of the depressive symptom severity ratings (0.12 vs 0.52, z = 11.0, p < .001). The partial correlation between the CGI and the nondepressive symptom severity ratings (after controlling for the total depressive symptom ratings) was nonsignificant.Discussion.After accounting for the severity of depressive symptoms, the severity of the nondepressive symptoms was not associated with global ratings of depressive severity. These findings raise questions regarding the appropriateness of including ratings of anxiety, irritability, and somatization on a measure that purportedly assesses the severity of depression.
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Okun, Alex, Ruth E. K. Stein, Laurie J. Bauman, and Ellen Johnson Silver. "Content Validity of the Psychiatric Symptom Index, CES-Depression Scale, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory from the Perspective of DSM-IV." Psychological Reports 79, no. 3 (December 1996): 1059–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1996.79.3.1059.
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We compared the item content of three commonly used scales of psychiatric symptoms [the broad-band Psychiatric Symptom Index (Ilfeld) and two narrow-band scales, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (Radloff) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (Spielberger)], with diagnostic criteria and criterion-based symptoms for Major Depressive Episode and Generalized Anxiety Disorder as they appeared in DSM-IV. The Psychiatric Symptom Index and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies—Depression Scale each measured 7 of 9 criterion-based symptoms of Major Depressive Episode. The Psychiatric Symptom Index and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory each measured 5 of 8 domains for Generalized Anxiety Disorder. The Psychiatric Symptom Index had comparable content validity to the narrow-band measures. All met a majority of DSM-IV criteria for depression and anxiety, supporting their applicability for current research.
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Lee, Jaeyoung, and So Yeon Park. "Association between allergic diseases, generalized anxiety disorder, and depressive symptoms in South Korean adolescents: a secondary data analysis of the 2022 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey." Child Health Nursing Research 30, no. 2 (April 30, 2024): 108–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4094/chnr.2024.006.
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Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between allergic diseases, general anxiety disorder, and depressive symptoms among Korean adolescents.Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted on the findings of the 18th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey (2022). The study included 51,850 adolescents and analyzed the relationships among allergic diseases, general anxiety disorder, and depressive symptoms using complex samples logistic regression analysis.Results: Among the Korean adolescents, 12.7% experienced general anxiety disorder, while 28.7% experienced depressive symptoms. The prevalence of allergic diseases was 5.7% for asthma, 36.3% for allergic rhinitis, and 22.2% for atopic dermatitis. General anxiety disorder was associated with asthma and allergic rhinitis but not atopic dermatitis. Depressive symptoms were associated asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis.Conclusion: Examining the correlation among allergic diseases, general anxiety disorder, and depressive symptoms in adolescents underscores the need for implementing suitable strategies. Moreover, when addressing general anxiety disorder and depressive symptoms in adolescents, it becomes crucial to consider the presence of allergic diseases.
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Fluyau, Dimy, Vasanth Kattalai Kailasam, and Neelambika Revadigar. "Rapid and Prolonged Antidepressant and Antianxiety Effects of Psychedelics and 3,4-Methylenedioxy-methamphetamine—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Psychoactives 3, no. 4 (October 4, 2024): 476–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/psychoactives3040029.
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Background: There is ongoing research into the potential use of psychedelics and 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA) as alternatives to commonly used medications for treating major depressive and anxiety disorders. Aims: We aimed to assess the efficacy of psychedelics and MDMA in managing depressive and anxiety symptoms and evaluate their safety profiles. Methods: We searched five databases for randomized controlled trials of psychedelics and MDMA targeting depressive and anxiety symptoms and conducted a meta-analysis using a random effects model when possible. The review protocol is registered in PROSPERO under CRD42022341325. Results: Psilocybin induced a rapid and sustained reduction in depressive and anxiety symptoms in patients with major depressive disorder and in patients with life-threatening cancer. MDMA induced a decrease in depressive symptoms in patients with life-threatening cancer, autism spectrum disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. MDMA’s effect size was either negligible or negative in reducing generalized anxiety symptoms, but MDMA reduced social anxiety symptoms. Ayahuasca induced a reduction in depressive symptoms in individuals with treatment-resistant major depressive and personality disorders. Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) induced a decrease in anxiety symptoms in individuals with life-threatening cancer. Psilocybin’s adverse effects were noticeable for elevated blood pressure, headaches, and panic attacks. For MDMA, elevated blood pressure, headaches, panic attacks, and feeling cold were noticeable. Conclusions: Psychedelics (psilocybin, ayahuasca, and LSD) and MDMA have the potential to induce a reduction in depressive and anxiety symptoms. Adverse effects are noticed. Rigorous randomized controlled studies with larger sample sizes utilizing instruments with better reliability and validity are warranted.
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Al Sayah, Fatima, Arto Ohinmaa, and Jeffrey A. Johnson. "Screening for Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in Type 2 Diabetes Using Patient-Reported Outcome Measures: Comparative Performance of the EQ-5D-5L and SF-12v2." MDM Policy & Practice 3, no. 2 (July 2018): 238146831879936. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2381468318799361.
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Objective. To evaluate the performance of EQ-5D-5L (EuroQol Five-Dimension, Five-Level Questionnaire) and SF-12-v2 (12-item Medical Outcomes Health Survey–Short Form, Version 2) in screening for anxiety and depressive symptoms in adults with type 2 diabetes. Methods. Cross-sectional data from a population-based study of type 2 diabetes in Alberta, Canada, were used. Anxiety symptoms (using the 2-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder questionnaire) were categorized into absent (<3) versus present (≥3). Depressive symptoms (using the 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire) were categorized according to two severity cut-points: absent (<10) versus mild (≥10), and absent (<15) versus moderate-severe (≥15). The performance of the measures in screening for anxiety and depressive symptoms was evaluated using receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis. Results. Average age of participants ( N = 1,391) was 66.8 years (SD 10.2), and 47% were female. Seventeen percent of participants screened positive for mild and 5.9% for moderate-severe depressive symptoms, and 11.3% for anxiety symptoms. For comorbid symptoms, 8.6% screened positive for anxiety and any depressive symptoms, and 4.6% for anxiety and moderate-severe depressive symptoms. The EQ-5D-5L anxiety/depression dimension and the SF-12 mental composite summary score had the best performance in screening for anxiety (area under ROC: 0.89, 0.89, respectively), depressive symptoms (any: 0.88, 0.92; moderate-severe: 0.90, 0.90), and comorbid anxiety and depressive symptoms (any: 0.92, 0.91; moderate-severe: 0.92, 0.90). These were followed by SF-12 feeling downhearted/depressed item (range = 0.83–0.85), while the lowest performance was for the EQ-5D-5L index score (0.80–0.84) and the SF-12 mental health domain (0.81–0.82). Conclusion. The EQ-5D-5L and the SF-12 are suitable tools for screening for anxiety and depressive symptoms in adults with type 2 diabetes. These tools present a unique opportunity for a standardized approach for routine mental health screening within the context of routine outcome measurement initiatives, where screening is recommended.
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Ojala, Olivia, Maria Å. Garke, Samir El Alaoui, David Forsström, Maria Hedman-Lagerlöf, Simon Jangard, Johan Lundin, et al. "The trajectory of anxiety and depressive symptoms and the impact of self-injury: A longitudinal 12-month cohort study of individuals with psychiatric symptoms." PLOS ONE 19, no. 11 (November 21, 2024): e0313961. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0313961.
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Background Individuals reporting self-injury are at greater risk of several adverse outcomes, including suicide. There is reason to be concerned how these individuals cope when stressful life events increase. This study aimed to investigate the trajectories of anxiety and depressive symptoms and the predictive value of self-injury history in individuals with psychiatric symptoms during the unique and stressful conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods In a longitudinal population cohort study (N = 1810) ranging from 2020 to 2022, anxiety (measured by Generalized Anxiety Disorder, GAD-7) and depressive symptoms (measured by Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-9) were self-reported monthly during 12 months. Latent growth curve models with and without self-reported self-injury history as predictors were conducted. Results Overall, anxiety and depressive symptoms decreased from baseline, but remained at moderate severity at follow-up. Individuals reporting suicidal or nonsuicidal self-injury reported significantly higher symptom severity at baseline. In addition, individuals reporting suicidal self-injury demonstrated a slower rate of decline in the symptom load over the course of 12 months. Conclusions Over the course of 12 months, anxiety and depressive symptoms decreased in individuals with psychiatric symptoms, but still indicate a psychiatric burden. Individuals with a history of self-injury could be more vulnerable in face of stressful conditions such as those experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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González, Manuel, Mario González, and Anna Rovella. "Síntomas de ansiedad y depresión en una muestra de la población general: el efecto mediador de los pensamientos negativos repetitivos, la supresión de pensamientos, la reevaluación positiva y la resistencia al malestar." Diversitas 20, no. 1 (April 8, 2024): 16–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15332/22563067.10216.
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In this research we present the mediating effect of four intrapersonal coping strategies: repetitive negative thoughts (RNT), thought suppression (TS), positive reappraisal (PR) and distress endurance (DE) on the relationship between negative affect (NA) and positive affect (PA) with anxiety and depressive symptoms. The sample is 536 people from the general population with a mean age of 29.9 (Dt=12.6)) years and with 59.5% women. The mediation results ascertain the following models: 1.1) a direct and inverse mediation model where RNT are a bidirectional mediator between NA and anxiety and depressive symptoms; 2.1) an inverse model, the direct one was not statistically significant, where anxiety and depressive symptoms via TS amplify RNT, not the other way around; 2.2) depressive symptoms via PR dampen RNT; 3. 1) in the direct model DE is a partial mediator between PA and anxiety and depressive symptoms; 3.2) TS is a mediator between NA and depressive symptoms; 4.1) according to inverse model, PR is a partial mediator between anxiety and depressive symptoms with PA, so that the former amplifies PA; 4.2) TS is a mediator between depressive symptoms and NA, so that the former amplifies the latter.
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Alfadhly, Abdulaziz F., Ayah Mohammed, Basim Almalki, Saad Alfaez, Ali Mubarak, Eman Alotaibi, Ghaida Alomran, et al. "Moderating effect for illness uncertainty on the relationship of depressive and anxiety symptoms among patients with type 1 diabetes in Taif region, Saudi Arabia." Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 13, no. 9 (September 2024): 3576–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1661_23.
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ABSTRACT Background: Illness uncertainty was found to be associated with the development of depressive and anxiety symptoms among patients with type 1 diabetes and chronic illness in general. However, the moderating effect of illness uncertainty was not examined in sufficient depth. The current study evaluates how the path from diabetes distress to depression and anxiety is mediated by illness uncertainty, ambiguity, symptoms and course predictability, and illness complexity. Method: Descriptive cross-sectional survey of a large-scale sample of patients living with type one diabetes in Saudi Arabia. We utilized structural equation modelling mediation analysis to examine the effect of illness uncertainty and its subcategories (illness-related ambiguity, symptoms and course predictability, and illness complexity) on depressive and anxiety symptoms. Results: The current survey analyzed data pertaining to (n = 536) type one diabetes patients. Mean Mishel Uncertainty of Illness Scale score was 80.8 points (Cronbach’s α = 0.91) signifying moderate uncertainty among our patients. Diabetes-related uncertainty was associated with marriage (t = 3.337, P = 0.0009937), diabetes complications (t = 5.257, P < 0.00001), pain (r = 0.2247, P < 0.00001), and children count (correlation coefficient r = 0.195, P < 0.00001). The prevalence of depression was (n = 367, 68.5%) and for anxiety was (n = 173, 30.3%). Illness uncertainty correlated with depressive (r = 0.2484, P < 0.00001) and anxiety (r = 0.2548, P < 0.00001) symptoms’ scores. Illness uncertainty exerted a partial moderating effect on both anxiety (β = 0.060, P < 0.001) and depressive symptoms (β =0.056, P < 0.001). We observed a partial moderating effect for diabetes-related ambiguity and diabetes-related symptom unpredictability in terms of depressive and anxiety symptoms. However, for diabetes-related course unpredictability, the moderating effect was significant only for anxiety. Diabetes-related complexity did not exert a significant moderating effect on either depressive or anxiety symptoms. Discussion: We confirmed high levels of depression and anxiety among patients with type one diabetes in Saudi Arabia. Our findings suggest that illness uncertainty affects both diabetes-related distress and depression constructs and is likely to be affected by them.
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França, Alex Bacadini, Adam Lee Gordon, Rajvinder Samra, Evelise Saia Rodolpho Duarte, and Alessandro Ferrari Jacinto. "Symptoms of mood disorders in family carers of older people with dementia who experience caregiver burden: a network approach." Age and Ageing 49, no. 4 (February 24, 2020): 628–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afaa008.
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Abstract Background informal carers of people with dementia are at greater risk of anxiety and depressive disorders if they find caregiving to be a burden. The aim of this study was to use a network analysis of cross-sectional data to investigate the relationships between anxiety and depressive symptoms in family carers of older people with dementia who experience burden. Methods sixty family carers exhibiting high levels of burden using the Zarit Burden Interview were included in the study. Participants completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The network analysis identified the depression and anxiety symptom network using features including a topological graph, network centrality metrics and community analysis. The network was estimated through the graphical LASSO technique in combination with a walktrap algorithm to obtain the clusters within the network and the connections between the nodes (symptoms). A directed acyclic graph was generated to model symptom interactions. Results the resulting network architecture shows important bridges between depression and anxiety symptoms. Lack of pleasure and loss of enjoyment were identified as potential gateway symptoms to other anxiety and depression symptoms and represent possible therapeutic targets for psychosocial interventions. Fear and loss of optimism were highly central symptoms, indicating their importance as warning signs of more generalised anxiety and depression. Conclusions this network analysis of depressive and anxiety symptoms in overburdened family carers provides important insights as to what symptoms may be the most important targets for behavioural interventions.
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Galvin, John, Michael Scott Evans, Kenisha Nelson, Gareth Richards, Eirini Mavritsaki, Theodoros Giovazolias, Katerina Koutra, et al. "Technostress, coping, and anxious and depressive symptomatology in university students during the Covid-19 pandemic." Europe’s Journal of Psychology 18, no. 3 (August 31, 2022): 302–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ejop.4725.
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The COVID-19 pandemic raised many challenges for university staff and students, including the need to work from home, which resulted in a greater reliance on technology. We collected questionnaire data from university students (N = 894) in three European countries: Greece, Italy, and the United Kingdom. Data were collected between 7th April 2020 and 19th June 2020, representing a period covering the first lockdown and university closures in these countries and across Europe generally. We tested the hypotheses that technology-related stressors (techno-overload, work-home conflict, techno-ease, techno-reliability, techno-sociality, and pace of change) would be associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms, and that coping styles (problem-focused, emotion-focused, and avoidance) would mediate these relationships. Results showed significant positive associations between techno-overload, work-home conflict and anxiety and depressive symptoms, and significant negative associations between techno-reliability, techno-ease and anxiety and depressive symptoms. A significant negative association was found between techno-sociality and depressive symptoms but not anxiety symptoms. No evidence was found for an association between pace of change and anxiety or depressive symptoms. Multiple mediation analyses revealed significant direct effects of techno-overload, work-home conflict and techno-ease on anxiety symptoms, and of work-home conflict and techno-ease on depressive symptoms. Work-home conflict had significant indirect effects on anxiety and depressive symptoms through avoidance coping. Techno-overload and techno-ease both had significant indirect effects on anxiety symptoms through problem- and emotion-focused coping. Techno-ease also had a significant indirect effect on depressive symptoms through problem-focused coping. The findings add to the body of evidence on technostress amongst university students and provide knowledge on how technostress translates through coping strategies into anxious and depressive symptoms during the disruption caused by the outbreak of a pandemic disease.
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Francis, Benedict, Jesjeet Gill, Ng Yit Han, Chiara Petrus, Fatin Azhar, Zuraida Ahmad Sabki, Mas Said, Koh Ong Hui, Ng Chong Guan, and Ahmad Sulaiman. "Religious Coping, Religiosity, Depression and Anxiety among Medical Students in a Multi-Religious Setting." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 2 (January 17, 2019): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16020259.
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Medical students are vulnerable to depression and anxiety due to the nature of their academic life. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms among medical students and the association between religious coping, religiosity and socio-demographic factors with anxiety and depressive symptoms. A cross sectional design was used for this study. Scales used were the Malay version of the Duke Religious Index (DUREL-M), the Malay version of the Brief Religious Coping Scale (Brief RCOPE) and the Malay version Hospital and Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS-M). 622 students participated in this study. They scored moderately on the organized (mean: 3.51) and non-organized religious (mean: 3.85) subscales of the DUREL, but had high intrinsic religiosity (mean: 12.18). The prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms were 4.7% and 17.4% respectively, which is lower than local as well as international data. Islam, negative religious coping and the presence of depressive symptoms were significantly associated with anxiety symptoms. Only the presence of anxiety symptoms was significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Negative religious coping, rather than positive religious coping, has significant association with depressive and anxiety symptoms. Redirecting focus towards negative religious coping is imperative to boost mental health outcomes among medical students.
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Yang, Shuhan, Yizhen Ren, Xi Song, Jie Ge, and Yu Peng. "Insecure Attachment and Depressive Symptoms among a Large Sample of Chinese Young Adults: The Mediating Role of Positive and Negative Self-Compassion." Behavioral Sciences 14, no. 3 (March 15, 2024): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs14030238.
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Objective: The present study aimed to explore the relationship between insecure attachment (attachment anxiety and avoidance) and depressive symptoms in Chinese young adults as well as the mediating roles of positive and negative self-compassion. Methods: An online survey was administered among college students in mainland China. This involved their completion of questionnaires encompassing socio-demographic details, attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, self-compassion, and depressive symptoms. Results: Attachment anxiety and avoidance exhibited connections with depressive symptoms through increased negative self-compassion and decreased positive self-compassion. Attachment anxiety was associated with depressive symptoms primarily through the mediating effect of negative self-compassion. Conversely, attachment avoidance was related to depressive symptoms mainly through the mediating role of positive self-compassion. Conclusions: Attachment anxiety exerted a slightly stronger influence on negative self-compassion, whereas attachment avoidance exhibited a more prominent impact on positive self-compassion. Despite these differences, both attachment styles were comparable in their overall influence on depressive symptoms. This revelation provides fresh insights into the relationship between insecure attachment and depressive symptoms among young adults, underscoring the importance for intervention program development.
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Washington, Jasmine, Nia Milligan, and Janeese Brownlow. "0963 An Investigation of Sleep Disturbance, Depression, and Anxiety Among Emerging Adults." SLEEP 47, Supplement_1 (April 20, 2024): A413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsae067.0963.
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Abstract Introduction Sleep disturbances are highly comorbid with psychiatric disorders. Data indicates high comorbidity rates between insomnia and depression and anxiety disorders. However, limited data exist regarding whether sleep disturbance is an independent risk factor for or outcome of psychiatric disorders among emerging adults. This study explored relationships between insomnia, depression, and generalized anxiety. Methods Data were obtained from emerging adults (N=105; Mean age=20.28 (SD=1.9); 81% Female) who completed self-report measures. The Beck depression inventory (BDI-II) assessed for the presence and intensity of overall depressive symptoms. A cutoff score of greater than 20 was derived to determine probable depression. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale assessed for severity and diagnosis of GAD. A cutoff score of 10 or greater was used to determine probable GAD. The Insomnia Severity Index assessed for the nature, severity, and impact of insomnia symptoms, with higher scores indicating greater symptom severity. All statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS version 29. Results Approximately 36.2% of the sample had probable depression and 37.1% of the sample had probable generalized anxiety disorder. Data showed significant correlations between insomnia severity and probable depression (rpb=.316 p<.001) and generalized anxiety disorder (rpb=.449, p<.001), respectively. Linear regressions indicated that depressive symptoms (R2=.266, p<.001) and generalized anxiety symptoms (R2=.301, p<.001) were significant predictors for insomnia severity, respectively. Data also showed that insomnia severity significantly predicted depressive and generalized anxiety symptoms (R2=.355, p<.001), with insomnia being a stronger predictor for generalized anxiety symptoms (β=.374, p<.001) than depressive symptoms (β=.291, p=.004). Logistic regressions indicated that insomnia severity increased the odds of having both probable depression (X2=9.54, OR=1.14, p=.002) and generalized anxiety disorder (X2=17.30, OR=1.23, p<.001). Conclusion Findings suggest that insomnia severity is a risk factor for both depressive and generalized anxiety symptom severity and probable diagnoses. Data also indicated that depressive and generalized anxiety symptoms were independent risk factors for insomnia severity. Given the results, longitudinal studies are needed to understand whether there is a bidirectional relationship between sleep disturbance, depression, and generalized anxiety among emerging adults. Support (if any) This study was funded by a Center Grant from the National Institutes of General Medical Sciences (Grant # P20GM103653).
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Talukder, Ashis, Riaz Rahman, and Umme Roman. "MENTAL HEALTH AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS DURING COVID-19 LOCKDOWN IN BANGLADESH: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY." JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES 2, no. 2 (2022): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/jhcdc.02.2022.46.55.
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Around 64.9% Students from the total respondents were anxious and 46.3% were showed to have depressive symptoms in the whole study. These percentages are comparatively high for suffering from different mental issues. In the study, there were 56.5% were male participants and 43.5% were female. Besides, Compared tothe female students, male students were showed to have more anxiety (37.7%). Among the total respondents 60.4% were in twenty one to twenty four age range and the rest 43.5% were in the age range of twenty five to thirty. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were comparatively high in the twenty five to thirty age range (41.8%),(48.4%) students compared to the twenty one to twenty four age range students. There is a positive association of age with anxiety. Moreover, those students who were doing under-graduation program found with 34.0% anxiety symptoms and the students were in post-graduation found with 30.5% anxiety symptoms and rest of them were doing others educational course surprisingly found with high percentage of anxiety symptoms (60.0%). However the depressive symptoms among under-graduation, post-graduation and others were high. Those who were doing other educational course found with extensive percentage of depressive symptoms (80.0%) and this is literally inimical. There is a positive association of their educational level with depressive symptoms. In the whole study it is found that, students who stayed university area haveshowed the higher anxiety symptoms (47.4%) than the students stayed at home during the COVID-19 lockdown and there is a positive association (p-value 0.004) of it with anxiety. Similarly, those who stayed university area have showed with great depressive symptoms (52.6%) compared to the students who stayed at home during the COVID-19 epidemic. However, students who faced mental issues, they were showed to have more anxious (35.1%) and depressive symptoms (47.1%). For long time been in this problem is comparatively high to have anxiety and depressive symptoms. The students who were more than 5 months showed to have more anxiety (62.5%) and depressive symptoms (62.5%) than those who suffered by two months. There is a positive association (.033) of this time with anxiety. However, those who didn’t take treatment (36.9%), were showed to have bad mental condition (50.0%). There is a strong association with anxiety.
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Nicholls, Adam Robert, Daniel J. Madigan, Lucas R. W. Fairs, and Richard Bailey. "Mental health and psychological well-being among professional rugby league players from the UK." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 6, no. 1 (February 2020): e000711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000711.
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ObjectiveThis study aimed to measure depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and psychological well-being among a sample of Super League players, the highest tier of professional rugby league in the northern hemisphere.MethodsBetween November 2018 and July 2019, a sample of 233 Super League players completed questionnaires that assessed depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and psychological well-being.ResultsPlayers exhibited normal (85.8%), mild (11.6%) or moderate/severe (2.6%) depressive symptoms. Additionally, players reported normal (67.4%), mild (18.9%) or moderate/severe (13.7%) anxiety symptoms. The mean psychological well-being score across the sample was 25.07 (SD=4.34). 35.2% of players scored below average for this construct.ConclusionThe prevalence of mild depressive symptoms, moderate/severe depressive symptoms and mild anxiety symptoms among Super League players preliminary appear higher than in the general population from the UK. Much more research is needed to understand mental health among elite athletes.
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Shapiro, Gilla K., Kenneth Mah, Froukje de Vries, Madeline Li, Camilla Zimmermann, Sarah Hales, and Gary Rodin. "A cross-sectional gender-sensitive analysis of depressive symptoms in patients with advanced cancer." Palliative Medicine 34, no. 10 (August 12, 2020): 1436–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269216320947961.
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Background: Patients with advanced cancer commonly report depressive symptoms. Examinations of gender differences in depressive symptoms in patients with advanced cancer have yielded inconsistent findings. Aim: The objective of this study was to investigate whether the severity and correlates of depressive symptoms differ by gender in patients with advanced cancer. Design: Participants completed measures assessing sociodemographic and medical characteristics, disease burden, and psychosocial factors. Depressive symptoms were examined using the Patient Health Questionnaire, and other measures included physical functioning, symptom burden, general anxiety, death related distress, and dimensions of demoralization. A cross-sectional analysis examined the univariate and multivariate relationships between gender and depressive symptoms, while controlling for important covariates in multivariate analyses. Setting/participants: Patients with advanced cancer ( N = 305, 40% males and 60% females) were recruited for a psychotherapy trial from outpatient oncology clinics at a comprehensive cancer center in Canada. Results: Severity of depressive symptoms was similar for males ( M = 7.09, SD = 4.59) and females ( M = 7.66, SD = 5.01), t(303) = 1.01, p = 0.314. Greater general anxiety and number of cancer symptoms were associated with depressive symptoms in both males and females. Feeling like a failure ( β = 0.192), less death anxiety ( β = –0.188), severity of cancer symptoms ( β = 0.166), and older age ( β = 0.161) were associated with depressive symptoms only in males, while disheartenment ( β = 0.216) and worse physical functioning ( β = 0.275), were associated with depressive symptoms only in females. Conclusions: Males and females report similar levels of depressive symptoms but the pathways to depression may differ by gender. These differences suggest the potential for gender-based preventive and therapeutic interventions in this population.
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Tassi, S., G. Rioli, G. Mattei, S. Ferrari, and G. M. Galeazzi. "Impact of anxiety-depressive symptoms on outpatients’ quality of life: Preliminary results from an Italian observational study." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.237.
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IntroductionSeveral studies have shown an association between the Short-Form 36 (SF36) scores and anxiety-depressive symptoms, suggesting that depression in particular could reduce Quality of Life (QoL) to the same, and even greater, extent than chronic non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes and hypertension.AimsTo explore the relationship among QoL and anxiety, depressive and anxiety-depressive symptoms in an outpatient sample.MethodsCross-sectional study. Inclusion criteria: outpatients aged ≥40 years, without history for cancer, attending colonoscopy after positive faecal occult blood test. Collected data: blood pressure, blood glucose, lipid profile. Psychometric test: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). QoL was assessed with SF36. Statistics performed with STATA13.Results54 patients enrolled (27 females). Sixteen patients (30.2%) were positive for anxiety symptoms, ten (18.9%) for depressive symptoms and five (9.4%) for anxiety-depressive symptoms. The perceived QoL was precarious in twelve subjects (22.2%): eight (15.9%) had low score (≤ 42) at “Mental Component Summary” (MCS) subscale, three (5.7%) at the “Mental Health” item and one patient (1.9%) at the “Vitality” one. At the multiple regression analysis, depressive (OR = 28.63; P = 0.01) and anxiety-depressive symptoms (OR = 11.16; P = 0.02) were associated with MCS.ConclusionsThe association emerging from the present study between depressive/anxiety symptoms and the MCS component of SF36 is consistent with available literature. Study design and small sample size do not allow to generalize results, that need further studies to be confirmed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Chioqueta, Andrea P., and Tore C. Stiles. "Suicide Risk in Outpatients with Specific Mood and Anxiety Disorders." Crisis 24, no. 3 (May 2003): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//0227-5910.24.3.105.
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Summary: The present study examined the relationships between specific anxiety, mood disorders, levels of hopelessness, and suicide ideation. The sample consisted of 606 outpatients recruited from several psychiatric settings. It was found that dysthymia was significantly associated with hopelessness. Patients presenting major depressive episode with higher anxiety symptoms had significantly increased scores on the hopelessness scale. Major depressive episode and bipolar disorder, but not dysthymia, were significantly associated with higher levels of suicide ideation. Increased levels of anxiety symptoms in patients with dysthymia were associated with increased levels of suicide ideation, while increased depressive symptoms in patients with specific phobia and generalized anxiety disorder were associated with significantly lower levels of suicide ideation. The findings suggest that depressive disorders, but not anxiety disorders, constitute risk for suicide. Moreover, the differentiation between a depressive and an anxiety disorder as the principal diagnosis, as well as the assessment of anxiety-level symptoms in patients with major depressive episode and dysthymia, seems of special relevance when assessing suicide risk.