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Journal articles on the topic 'Anxiety behaviors'
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Russell, J. J., D. S. Moskowitz, D. C. Zuroff, P. Bleau, G. Pinard, and S. N. Young. "Anxiety, emotional security and the interpersonal behavior of individuals with social anxiety disorder." Psychological Medicine 41, no. 3 (May 12, 2010): 545–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291710000863.
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BackgroundInterpersonal functioning is central to social anxiety disorder (SAD). Empirical examinations of interpersonal behaviors in individuals with SAD have frequently relied on analogue samples, global retrospective reports and laboratory observation. Moreover, research has focused on avoidance and safety behaviors, neglecting potential links between SAD and affiliative behaviors.MethodThe influence of situational anxiety and emotional security on interpersonal behaviors was examined for individuals with SAD (n=40) and matched normal controls (n=40). Participants monitored their behavior and affect in naturally occurring social interactions using an event-contingent recording procedure.ResultsIndividuals with SAD reported higher levels of submissive behavior and lower levels of dominant behavior relative to controls. Consistent with cognitive–behavioral and evolutionary theories, elevated anxiety in specific events predicted increased submissiveness among individuals with SAD. Consistent with attachment theory, elevations in event-level emotional security were associated with increased affiliative behaviors (increased agreeable behavior and decreased quarrelsome behavior) among members of the SAD group. Results were not accounted for by concurrent elevations in sadness or between-group differences in the distribution of social partners.ConclusionsThese findings are consistent with predictions based on several theoretical perspectives. Further, the present research documents naturally occurring interpersonal patterns of individuals with SAD and identifies conditions under which these individuals may view social interactions as opportunities for interpersonal connectedness.
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Lee, Hyo-jung, Jeong Pil Choi, Kunhee Oh, Jin-Young Min, and Kyoung-Bok Min. "Impact of Physical Activity on the Association Between Unhealthy Adolescent Behaviors and Anxiety Among Korean Adolescents: A Cross-sectional Study." Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health 56, no. 6 (November 30, 2023): 552–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3961/jpmph.23.313.
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Objectives: Adolescents who engage in unhealthy behaviors are particularly vulnerable to anxiety. We hypothesized that participation in physical activity could influence the relationship between anxiety and unhealthy behaviors in adolescents. These behaviors include smoking, alcohol consumption, and unsafe sexual activity.Methods: This study included 50 301 students from the first year of middle school to the third year of high school, all from Korea. The unhealthy adolescent behaviors examined included current alcohol consumption, current smoking, and unsafe sexual behavior. Anxiety levels were assessed using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 questionnaire (GAD-7).Results: The participants had a mean age of 15.19 years and an average GAD-7 score of 4.23. No significant differences were observed in GAD-7 score among exercising participants when categorized by smoking status (<i>p</i>=0.835) or unsafe sexual behavior (<i>p</i>=0.489). In contrast, participants in the non-exercise group who engaged in these behaviors demonstrated significantly higher GAD-7 scores (<i>p</i><0.001 and 0.016, respectively). The only significant interaction was found between unsafe sexual behavior and exercise (<i>p</i>=0.009). Based on logistic regression analysis, within the non-exercise group, significant positive associations were observed between current smoking and anxiety (odds ratio [OR], 1.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18 to 1.57), as well as between unsafe sexual behavior and anxiety (OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.73). However, within the exercise group, no significant association was found between anxiety and either smoking or unsafe sexual behavior. Furthermore, no significant interaction was observed between unhealthy behaviors and exercise.Conclusions: These findings are insufficient to conclude that physical activity influences the relationship between unhealthy behaviors and anxiety.
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de Faria, Fernanda Rocha, Djalma Barbosa, Cheryl Anne Howe, Karina Lúcia Ribeiro Canabrava, Jeffer Eidi Sasaki, and Paulo Roberto dos Santos Amorim. "Time-use movement behaviors are associated with scores of depression/anxiety among adolescents: A compositional data analysis." PLOS ONE 17, no. 12 (December 30, 2022): e0279401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0279401.
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Movement behaviors have been associated with mental health. The purposes of this study were to examine the association between movement behaviors and scores of depression/anxiety among adolescents and to determine the difference in depression/anxiety associated with reallocating time between different movement behaviors. This cross-sectional study included 217 Brazilian adolescents (15 to 18 years old, 49.3% female). Adolescents wore an accelerometer for one week to assess the four-movement behaviors which include sleep, sedentary behavior (SB), light physical activity (LPA), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). The depression/anxiety score was calculated by factor analysis using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. Compositional data analyses were used to examine the association between movement behavior and the depression/anxiety score. Compositional isotemporal substitution models estimated the change in depression/anxiety score associated with reallocating 10, 30, and 60 min between movement behaviors. The composition of movement behaviors was significantly associated with depression/anxiety scores (p < 0.05). Replacing time from SB to LPA was associated with improvement in the depression/anxiety score, while the inverse was associated with an increase in this score. Replacing time of LPA with MVPA was associated with worsening in the depression/anxiety score. The 24-h time distribution of the day may play a crucial role in mental health. Compositions with more time spent in LPA at the expense of less SB are associated with improvement in the scores of depression/anxiety. The type of MVPA may moderate its effects on depression/anxiety in adolescents. Holistic interventions including the full range of movement behaviors may be a gateway to reduce the levels of depression/anxiety in adolescence.
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Zhu, Huiyun. "Interplay between Discrete Emotions and Preventive Behavior in Health Crises: Big Data Analysis of COVID-19." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 24 (December 7, 2022): 16407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192416407.
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Understanding the interplay between discrete emotions and COVID-19 prevention behaviors will help healthcare professionals and providers to implement effective risk communication and effective risk decision making. This study analyzes data related to COVID-19 posted by the American public on Twitter and identifies three discrete negative emotions (anger, anxiety, and sadness) of the public from massive text data. Next, econometric analyses (i.e., the Granger causality test and impulse response functions) are performed to evaluate the interplay between discrete emotions and preventive behavior based on emotional time series and Google Shopping Trends time series, representing public preventive behavior. Based on the textual analysis of tweets from the United States, the following conclusions are drawn: Anger is a Granger cause of preventive behavior and has a slightly negative effect on the public’s preventive behavior. Anxiety is a Granger cause of preventive behavior and has a positive effect on preventive behavior. Furthermore, preventive behavior is a Granger cause of anxiety and has a negative and lagging effect on anxiety. Exploring how discrete emotions, such as anger and anxiety, affect preventive behaviors will effectively demonstrate how discrete emotions play qualitatively different roles in promoting preventive behaviors. Moreover, understanding the impact of preventive behaviors on discrete emotions is useful for better risk communication.
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Chiappini, Erika A., Carisa Parrish, Elizabeth Reynolds, and Joseph F. McGuire. "Overcoming barriers in cognitive-behavioral therapy for youth anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder: Addressing parent behaviors." Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic 85, no. 3 (September 2021): 231–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/bumc.2021.85.3.231.
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Exposure-based cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a well-established treatment for anxiety disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in youth. Although a majority of youth respond to CBT, a substantial portion remain symptomatic and/or experience a return of symptoms after completing a course of treatment. This highlights the need for further improvements to this evidence-based treatment. Given that parent behaviors can negatively influence treatment, addressing parental behaviors in CBT serves as a novel and promising treatment target to improve youth's therapeutic outcomes. The authors review three common parent behaviors that influence anxiety and treatment outcomes: family accommodation, parent anxious behaviors, and management of disruptive behaviors. The authors then discuss each behavior, its effect on anxiety/OCD and treatment, and how to address the behavior within the context of CBT. In doing so, therapeutic learning can be optimized to improve CBT outcomes for youth with anxiety disorders and/or OCD.
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Kuzminskaite, Erika, Sander Begeer, Rosa A. Hoekstra, and Rachel Grove. "Short report: Social communication difficulties and restricted repetitive behaviors as predictors of anxiety in adults with autism spectrum disorder." Autism 24, no. 7 (July 2, 2020): 1917–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320934218.
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Autism spectrum disorder and anxiety are highly comorbid conditions. Understanding the underlying traits of anxiety in autism spectrum disorder is crucial to prevent and treat it efficiently. Hence, this study determined whether social communication difficulties or restricted repetitive behaviors are stronger risk factors for anxiety symptoms in autistic adults in a large cohort. Data on 742 autistic adults from the Netherlands Autism Register were included in the study. Hierarchical regression was implemented to evaluate whether social communication difficulties (Autism-Spectrum Quotient social behavior factor) and restricted repetitive behaviors (Adult Routines Inventory) were predictive of anxiety (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale) controlling for age and sex. When considered together, restricted repetitive behaviors stood out as significant positive predictors of anxiety symptoms (lower-order restricted repetitive behaviors, β = 0.32, p < 0.001; higher-order restricted repetitive behaviors, β = 0.15, p = 0.001), whereas social communication difficulties did not ( β = 0.06, p = 0.11). Sex did not moderate these associations ( p > 0.05). Non-social autistic traits are stronger predictors of anxiety symptoms than social traits in autistic adults. Increased attention to restricted repetitive behaviors should be given to improve current support programs for autistic adults with anxiety and to identify autistic individuals at risk.
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Koenig, Harold. "Religious Behaviors and Death Anxiety." Hospice Journal, The 4, no. 1 (June 9, 1988): 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j011v04n01_02.
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McCabe, Randi E., Susan M. Chudzik, Martin M. Antony, Lisa Young, Richard P. Swinson, and Michael J. Zolvensky. "Smoking behaviors across anxiety disorders." Journal of Anxiety Disorders 18, no. 1 (January 2004): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2003.07.003.
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Kenow, Laura J., and Jean M. Williams. "Relationship between Anxiety, Self-Confidence, and Evaluation of Coaching Behaviors." Sport Psychologist 6, no. 4 (December 1992): 344–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.6.4.344.
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Two experiments examined Smoll and Smith’s (1989) model of leadership behaviors in sport. The coaching behaviors of a male head coach of a collegiate women’s basketball team (n=11 players) were examined. The data supported competitive trait anxiety as an individual-difference variable that mediates athletes’ perception and evaluation of coaching behaviors. There also was support for adding athletes’ state cognitive anxiety, state self-confidence, and perception of the coach’s cognitive anxiety to the model as individual-difference variables. Athletes who scored high in trait anxiety (p<.001) and state cognitive anxiety (p<.05) and low in state self-confidence (p<.05), and athletes who perceived the coach as high in state cognitive anxiety (p<.001), evaluated coaching behavior more negatively. Game outcome may influence the effect of self-confidence in mediating athletes’ perception and evaluation of coaching behaviors. Additionally, athletes perceived several specific coaching behaviors more negatively than did the coach, and athletes drastically overestimated their coach’s self-reported pregame cognitive and somatic anxiety and underestimated his self-confidence. Overall, the results suggest that coaches should be more supportive and less negative with high anxious and low self-confident athletes.
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Lin, Chia-Jung, Hsin-Ping Liu, Pei-Ya Wang, Mei-Hua Yu, Mei-Chun Lu, Ling-Yu Hsieh, and Tzu-Chia Lin. "The Effectiveness of Preoperative Preparation for Improving Perioperative Outcomes in Children and Caregivers." Behavior Modification 43, no. 3 (January 13, 2018): 311–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145445517751879.
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Most children experience significant anxiety during the preoperative period. Greater preoperative anxiety may be related to a higher incidence of negative behaviors. This study aimed to develop a family-centered preoperative preparation program and to evaluate the effects of this program on children’s preoperative emotional behaviors, postoperative behavior, and posthospital behavior, and on caregiver anxiety. A prospective, randomized controlled study was conducted. The population consisted of children who underwent minor surgery and their caregivers. The control group received standard care, and the experimental group received standard care plus preoperative preparation, which included a tour, a cartoon video depicting a boy’s surgical journey, and familiarization with medical equipment. Children’s emotional behaviors and caregiver anxiety were measured at the preoperative visit, in the preoperative holding area, and at induction of anesthesia. Postoperative behavior was measured when children were in the recovery room, and the researcher also contacted caregivers 2 weeks after the surgery to assess the children’s behavior at home. A linear mixed-effects model results showed that as the surgery approached, the experimental group had fewer and more stable preoperative emotional behaviors (least squares means of preoperative emotional behaviors from preoperative visit to induction of anesthesia = 10.01-10.95). However, the control group exhibited significantly increased preoperative emotional behaviors as the surgery approached (least squares means of preoperative emotional behaviors from the preoperative visit to induction of anesthesia = 7.87-12.23). Family-centered preoperative preparation can effectively improve children’s negative emotional behaviors from their time in the preoperative holding area to the induction of anesthesia.
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Stevens, Erin N., Joseph R. Bardeen, and Kyle W. Murdock. "Parenting Behaviors and Anxiety in Young Adults." Journal of Individual Differences 36, no. 3 (July 1, 2015): 170–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000169.
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Parenting behaviors – specifically behaviors characterized by high control, intrusiveness, rejection, and overprotection – and effortful control have each been implicated in the development of anxiety pathology. However, little research has examined the protective role of effortful control in the relation between parenting and anxiety symptoms, specifically among adults. Thus, we sought to explore the unique and interactive effects of parenting and effortful control on anxiety among adults (N = 162). Results suggest that effortful control uniquely contributes to anxiety symptoms above and beyond that of any parenting behavior. Furthermore, effortful control acted as a moderator of the relationship between parental overprotection and anxiety, such that overprotection is associated with anxiety only in individuals with lower levels of effortful control. Implications for potential prevention and intervention efforts which specifically target effortful control are discussed. These findings underscore the importance of considering individual differences in self-regulatory abilities when examining associations between putative early-life risk factors, such as parenting, and anxiety symptoms.
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Du, Junying, Junfan Fang, Cun Wen, Xiaomei Shao, Yi Liang, and Jianqiao Fang. "The Effect of Electroacupuncture on PKMzeta in the ACC in Regulating Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Rats Experiencing Chronic Inflammatory Pain." Neural Plasticity 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3728752.
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Chronic inflammatory pain can induce emotional diseases. Electroacupuncture (EA) has effects on chronic pain and pain-related anxiety. Protein kinase Mzeta (PKMzeta) has been proposed to be essential for the maintenance of pain and may interact with GluR1 to maintain CNS plasticity in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). We hypothesized that the PKMzeta-GluR1 pathway in the ACC may be involved in anxiety-like behaviors of chronic inflammatory pain and that the mechanism of EA regulation of pain emotion may involve the PKMzeta pathway in the ACC. Our results showed that chronic inflammatory pain model decreased the paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) and increased anxiety-like behaviors. The protein expression of PKCzeta, p-PKCzeta (T560), PKMzeta, p-PKMzeta (T560), and GluR1 in the ACC of the model group were remarkably enhanced. EA increased PWT and alleviated anxiety-like behaviors. EA significantly inhibited the protein expression of p-PKMzeta (T560) in the ACC, and only a downward trend effect for other substances. Further, the microinjection of ZIP remarkably reversed PWT and anxiety-like behaviors. The present study provides direct evidence that the PKCzeta/PKMzeta-GluR1 pathway is related to pain and pain-induced anxiety-like behaviors. EA treatment both increases pain-related somatosensory behavior and decreases pain-induced anxiety-like behaviors by suppressing PKMzeta activity in the ACC.
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Kim, So Yoon, Young Ah Kim, Da-Yea Song, Guiyoung Bong, Jong-myeong Kim, Joo Hyun Kim, and Hee Jeong Yoo. "State and Trait Anxiety of Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders." Psychiatry Investigation 18, no. 3 (March 25, 2021): 257–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30773/pi.2020.0328.
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Objective This study examined how state and trait anxiety of adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are associated with their demographic characteristics, repetitive and restricted behaviors (RRBs), and internalizing and externalizing problem behaviors.Methods A total of 96 participants with ASD (mean age=14.30 years; 91 males) completed a battery of tests including the State/Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised, the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), and a cognitive test measuring intelligence quotient (IQ). Participants’ parents completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Pearson’s correlations among age, IQ, two subscales of the STAI (i.e., STAIS and STAIT, measuring self-reported state and trait anxiety, respectively), and the Anxiety subscale of CBCL (i.e., CBCL-Anxiety, measuring parent-reported trait anxiety) were computed. Subsequently, Pearson’s correlations were computed among the three anxiety measures, RRBs, and problem behaviors, while controlling for participants’ age and IQ.Results The STAIS and CBCL-Anxiety were both significantly correlated with higher age, sensory sensitivity, depressive symptoms, somatic complaints, and aggressive behaviors. All three anxiety variables were significantly and positively correlated with total SRS RRB scores. Additionally, the STAIS and STAIT were significantly associated with more severe Compulsion/Adherence behaviors, and the CBCL-Anxiety was also significantly associated with more severe Rule-breaking Behaviors.Conclusion Self-reported state anxiety showed association patterns similar to those of parent-reported trait anxiety. Future studies investigating the precise operationalization of different anxiety instruments are needed to accurately measure the anxiety of adolescents with ASD.
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Baek, Jongnam. "Causal Chain Analysis(CCA) of the Causes of Mothers’ Anxiety who Have Children with Developmental Disabilities with Serious Problem Behaviors." Journal of Behavior Analysis and Support 6, no. 3 (December 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22874/kaba.2019.6.3.1.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes about mothers’ anxiety who have children with developmental disabilities with serious problem behaviors. For this study, the cause of mothers’ anxiety related to problem behaviors of children with developmental disabilities were analyzed using Causal Chain Analysis(CCA). Participants in this study were three mothers of children with developmental disabilities who attended a special school in C region. The semantic data was extracted from the data transfered through interview and interpreted by Causal Chain Analysis. The results of this study are as follows: First, the immediate causes of mothers’ anxiety were ‘the children’s learning opportunities loss due to problem behaviors’, ‘lack of skill in responding to problem behaviors’, ‘dependence on medical services’, and ‘physical and mental difficulties’; Second, the intermediate causes of mothers’ anxiety were ‘social isolation’ and ‘confusion over the cause of problem behavior’ and; Third, the root causes of mothers’ anxiety were ‘the absence of a school system to solve problem behaviors’. Finally, the results of this study were discussed and the implications, limitations, and follow-up studies were suggested.
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Riley, Kristen E., Dean G. Cruess, Crystal L. Park, Ashley Tigershtrom, and Jean-Philippe Laurenceau. "Anxiety and Depression Predict the Paths Through Which Rumination Acts on Behavior: A Daily Diary Study." Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 38, no. 5 (May 2019): 409–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2019.38.5.409.
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Introduction: Rumination—thinking passively, negatively, and repetitively—is a common cognitive process that is associated with poor health behaviors. Rumination impacts health behaviors through two distinct behavioral pathways: acting too quickly (impulsivity) or not acting at all (amotivation), though no research to date has examined the conditions under which rumination may manifest in these two disparate behavioral paths. The presence of anxiety and depression may lead to the behavioral manifestations of rumination, which may then differentially impact health behavior patterns. In this study, we tested whether individuals reporting anxiety who ruminate will then act impulsively and individuals reporting depression who ruminate will then not act in the context of their daily health behaviors. Methods: We recruited 285 college students (mean age = 19.3; 76.8% female; 79.4% Caucasian) and had them complete a baseline survey and an 11-day online daily diary to assess associations among anxiety, depression, rumination, and health behaviors. Results: Rumination predicted health behaviors through both impulsivity and amotivation as expected. Moderation models revealed that rumination in the context of anxiety leads to impulsivity and rumination in the context of depression leads to amotivation. Limitations: The undergraduate sample limits the generalizability of this data. Discussion: These results show that those who report depression or anxiety are likely to experience more daily rumination and the deleterious behavioral manifestations of that rumination, which then affects health behavior engagement or avoidance. Future behavioral health interventions can perhaps specifically target impulsivity among individuals reporting anxiety and amotivation among individuals reporting depression in order to promote more healthy behaviors.
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Frederick, Christina M., and Craig S. Morrison. "A Mediational Model of Social Physique Anxiety and Eating Disordered Behaviors." Perceptual and Motor Skills 86, no. 1 (February 1998): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1998.86.1.139.
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In the present study correlations among scores on social physique anxiety, social behavior inhibition, and eating disordered behaviors and traits were hypothesized on the basis that social physique anxiety would be correlated with personality disturbances associated with eating disorders and mediated by social inhibition and eating disordered behaviors. Subjects were 79 college-aged women ( M age=19.5 yr.), who completed the Garner's Eating Disorders Inventory, the Social Physique Anxiety Scale, and a measure of social behavior inhibition developed for this study. A mediational path analysis showed scores on social physique anxiety significantly moderately related to scores for eating disordered traits, mediated by scores on eating disordered behavior. These correlations account for 14 to 31% of the common variance, and with clinical research, support the assumption that eating-disordered behavior may begin with milder symptomatology such as high scores on social physique anxiety. Longitudinal research is required to assess the proposed causal relationship between identification of early symptoms and later eating disorders; however, present research suggests early intervention with women at risk may be useful.
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Stein Duker, Leah I., Mollianne Grager, Willa Giffin, Natasha Hikita, and José C. Polido. "The Relationship between Dental Fear and Anxiety, General Anxiety/Fear, Sensory Over-Responsivity, and Oral Health Behaviors and Outcomes: A Conceptual Model." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 4 (February 18, 2022): 2380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042380.
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Dental fear and anxiety (DFA) is common across the lifespan and represents a barrier to proper oral health behaviors and outcomes. The aim of this study is to present a conceptual model of the relationships between DFA, general anxiety/fear, sensory over-responsivity (SOR), and/or oral health behaviors and outcomes. Two rounds of literature searches were performed using the PubMed database. Included articles examined DFA, general anxiety/fear, SOR, catastrophizing, and/or oral health behaviors and outcomes in typically developing populations across the lifespan. The relationships between the constructs were recorded and organized into a conceptual model. A total of 188 articles were included. The results provided supporting evidence for relationships between DFA and all other constructs included in the model (general anxiety/fear, SOR, poor oral health, irregular dental attendance, dental behavior management problems [DBMP], and need for treatment with pharmacological methods). Additionally, SOR was associated with general anxiety/fear and DBMP; general anxiety/fear was linked to poor oral health, irregular attendance, and DBMP. This model provides a comprehensive view of the relationships between person factors (e.g., general anxiety/fear, SOR, and DFA) and oral health behaviors and outcomes. This is valuable in order to highlight connections between constructs that may be targeted in the development of new interventions to improve oral health behaviors and outcomes as well as the experience of DFA.
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Barbosa Méndez, Susana, and Alberto Salazar-Juárez. "Mirtazapine attenuates anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in rats during cocaine withdrawal." Journal of Psychopharmacology 33, no. 5 (April 23, 2019): 589–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881119840521.
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Background: Anxiety and depression, key symptoms of the cocaine withdrawal syndrome in human addicts, are considered the main factors that precipitate relapse in chronic cocaine addiction. Preclinical studies have found that rodents exposed to different withdrawal periods show an increase in anxiety and depressive-like behavior. Mirtazapine – a tetracyclic medication – is used primarily to treat depression and, sometimes, anxiety. It has also successfully improved withdrawal symptoms in drug-dependent patients. Aim: This study sought to determine whether chronic dosing of mirtazapine during cocaine withdrawal reduced depression- and anxiety-like behaviors that characterize cocaine withdrawal in animals. Methods: Cocaine pre-treated Wistar rats were subjected to a 60-day cocaine withdrawal period during which depression- and anxiety-like behaviors were evaluated in open field tests (OFT), the elevated plus-maze (EPM), the light–dark box test (LDT), the forced swimming test (FST) and spontaneous locomotor activity (SLA). Results: We found that chronic dosing with different doses of mirtazapine (30 and 60 mg/kg) decreased depression- and anxiety-like behaviors induced by different doses of cocaine (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) during the 60-day cocaine withdrawal. Interpretation: Our results suggest that the pharmacological effect of mirtazapine on its target sites of action (α2-adrenergic and 5-HT2A and 5-HT3 receptors) within the brain may improve depression- and anxiety-like behaviors for long periods. Conclusion: Therefore, the findings support the use of mirtazapine as a potentially effective therapy to reduce anxiety and depressive-like behavior during cocaine withdrawal.
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K, Kontogianis. "Acupuncture as a Modality for Treating Anxiety Related Disorders in Canines." Open Access Journal of Veterinary Science & Research 4, no. 3 (2019): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajvsr-16000184.
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Canine anxiety is a common behavior disorder that may manifest as aggression or violent behaviors and often culminates in animal surrenders. While there are sc ientifically supported behavior protocols available today, behavior problems are still a major concern for many dog owners. Thus, this case study series sought to explore an additional potential treatment modality, acupuncture. Four case reports were completed; they included two client - owned dogs and two shelter dogs. All dogs presented because of anxiety and aggression. Questionnaires completed by the pet owner throughout the study, heart rates before and after treatment, and researchers’ observations were used to compare the dog’s pre - and post - acupuncture behaviors. While the client - owned dogs were reported to have decreased anxiety and aggression, the shelter dogs were reported to have very little to no improvement in anxiety or aggression. This study was limited by the small sample size, the subjective nature of the data collected, the lack of a control group and the lack of blinding. Further research is needed to determine if acupuncture has significant therapeutic potential for canine anxiety; ideally, future studies would include a larger sample size and quantifiable data such as blood serotonin measures, endogenous opioid levels, or cortisol measures. Alternatively, future studies may include a contro l group and double blinded design.
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Guan, Jing, Cuiping Wu, Dandan Wei, Qingqing Xu, Juan Wang, Hualiang Lin, Chongjian Wang, and Zhenxing Mao. "Prevalence and Factors for Anxiety during the COVID-19 Pandemic among College Students in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (May 7, 2021): 4974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094974.
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Background: Knowledge of the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of college students remains limited. Our aim is to investigate the prevalence of anxiety and explore the potential risk and protective factors of anxiety. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was adopted and a total of 24,678 college students were included from Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China, during February, 2020. Anxiety was assessed by using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder tool (GAD-7). Multiple logistic regression models were established for exploring potential factors of anxiety. Results: The overall prevalence of anxiety was 7.3%. After adjusting for potential confounders, sex, place of residence, worried level, fear level, cognitive levels, and behavior status were found to be associated with anxiety (p < 0.05). Students with positive preventive behaviors showed a protective effect against the anxiety symptoms compared to those with negative preventive behaviors. In contrast to the high-cognition category, participants at a low cognitive level were 14.9% more likely to present anxiety symptoms. Conclusion: This large-scale study assessed the prevalence of anxiety and its potential influencing factors among college students. It suggests that the government could strengthen health education related to COVID-19 and supervise the performance of preventive behaviors to handle anxiety.
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Suzuki, Yukiko, Nanako Yamane, Kanto Tsukagoshi, Mina Yamaguchi, and Hideki Mochizuki. "Dementia-Preventing Behavior Awareness and Uptake Rates among Japanese Women in Midlife: A Survey-Based Pilot Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16 (August 14, 2022): 10029. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191610029.
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Lifestyle changes may help prevent dementia. However, the perception and practice of dementia-preventing behaviors remain unclear; understanding both factors is required to help prevent dementia already at early stages. This study aimed to examine the awareness and uptake rates of dementia-preventive behaviors among community-dwelling women aged 40 to 64 years, and their associations with dementia-related anxiety. A self-administered anonymous questionnaire was distributed by mail from January to May 2020. The effective response rate was 20.4% (n = 47). Approximately 60% of the responders had dementia-related anxiety; approximately 80% wanted to prevent dementia. The participants were aware of two or more dementia-preventive behaviors; however, less than 50% of them practiced at least one behavior. The group with dementia-related anxiety was more interested in and aware of dementia prevention methods than the group without the anxiety. Women with greater dementia knowledge also knew more methods of preventing it; however, they were not necessarily implementing the recommended behaviors.
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Wang, Huasang, Othmane Atif, Jirong Tian, Jonguk Lee, Daihee Park, and Yongwha Chung. "Multi-level Hierarchical Complex Behavior Monitoring System for Dog Psychological Separation Anxiety Symptoms." Sensors 22, no. 4 (February 17, 2022): 1556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22041556.
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An increasing number of people own dogs due to the emotional benefits they bring to their owners. However, many owners are forced to leave their dogs at home alone, increasing the risk of developing psychological disorders such as separation anxiety, typically accompanied by complex behavioral symptoms including excessive vocalization and destructive behavior. Hence, this work proposes a multi-level hierarchical early detection system for psychological Separation Anxiety (SA) symptoms detection that automatically monitors home-alone dogs starting from the most fundamental postures, followed by atomic behaviors, and then detecting separation anxiety-related complex behaviors. Stacked Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is utilized at the lowest level to recognize postures using time-series data from wearable sensors. Then, the recognized postures are input into a Complex Event Processing (CEP) engine that relies on knowledge rules employing fuzzy logic (Fuzzy-CEP) for atomic behaviors level and higher complex behaviors level identification. The proposed method is evaluated utilizing data collected from eight dogs recruited based on clinical inclusion criteria. The experimental results show that our system achieves approximately an F1-score of 0.86, proving its efficiency in separation anxiety symptomatic complex behavior monitoring of a home-alone dog.
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Cotton, Allison. "Is there a Relationship between Death Anxiety and Engagement in Lethal Behaviors among African-American Students?" OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 34, no. 3 (January 1, 1996): 233–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/jn65-gfuj-pv0d-kllr.
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Two hundred and fifty-four African-American students volunteered to examine the relationship between death anxiety and engagement in lethal behavior. A three-part questionnaire was administered: Parts I and II of the questionnaire consisted of the Revised Death Anxiety Scale (RDAS) and the Lethal Behaviors Scale (LBS). Part III of the questionnaire consisted of questions about demography. The research was designed to assess the effect of gender, age, income, and geographic location on the relationship between death anxiety and lethal behavior. Chi square, ANOVA, and Multiple Regression analyses were employed to calculate the results. Findings include: 1) an inverse relationship exists between death anxiety and engagement in lethal behaviors, 2) females scored higher than males on the RDAS, 3) males scored higher than females on the LBS, and 4) income significantly effected Lethal Behavior Scale scores.
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Wirtz, Philip W., Cynthia A. Rohrbeck, and Katherine M. Burns. "Anxiety effects on disaster precautionary behaviors: A multi-path cognitive model." Journal of Health Psychology 24, no. 10 (July 27, 2017): 1401–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105317720277.
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Previous studies have revealed a negative relationship between anxiety and health-promoting behavior. This study identified three cognitive pathways through which anxiety operates on preparedness behaviors for terrorist attacks. Preparedness was regressed on trait anxiety, perceived threat, and self-efficacy based on data from 306 adults. Mediating paths through perceived threat (positive) and self-efficacy (negative) and an independent negative path were identified. Results suggest that the anxiety/precautionary behavior relationship is more complex than previously thought, involving multiple pathways of competing directionality. Interventions to improve disaster preparedness and thus reduce disaster-related morbidity/mortality would benefit by capitalizing on this multidimensionality.
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Anintyas Windriyoningrum and Brihastami Sawitri. "COVID-19 anxiety, COVID-19 media exposure, and knowledge and attitudes towards COVID-19: A literature review." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 19, no. 3 (September 30, 2023): 658–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2023.19.3.1828.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on mental health, with anxiety being one of the most common symptoms. This study investigated the relationship between COVID-19-related anxiety levels, media coverage of COVID-19, and knowledge and behavior of COVID-19. The study found that COVID-19 anxiety levels were higher among people who had been quarantined, had been exposed to false information about COVID-19, or had a lower level of education. Media coverage of COVID-19 was also found to be a significant predictor of anxiety levels, with people who were more exposed to negative news stories being more likely to experience anxiety. Studies also found that COVID-19 anxiety levels were correlated with knowledge and behavior of COVID-19. People with higher anxiety levels were less likely to have accurate knowledge about COVID-19 and were more likely to engage in risky behaviors, such as not wearing a mask or social distancing. Findings of this study suggest that COVID-19 anxiety is a complex phenomenon that is influenced by a variety of factors, including media coverage, knowledge, and behavior. These findings have important implications for public health interventions aimed at reducing anxiety and promoting healthy behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Pirincci, Edibe, Muhammed Arca, Mehmet Ali Sen, Erhan Atici, Suleyman Varsak, Ezgi Yarasir, Osman Kurt, Ayse Ferdane Oguzoncul, and Suleyman Erhan Deveci. "COVID-19 anxiety and hygiene status in vocational schools of health services students in Turkey: A multicenter study." Work 69, no. 4 (August 27, 2021): 1143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-205254.
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BACKGROUND: While the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic creates fear and anxiety on the students’ academic achievement, the risk of an infectious disease may negatively affect education by reducing the concentration ability of students. Thus, it is essential to evaluate the knowledge, behaviors, anxiety levels, and hygiene status of students. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the knowledge, behavior change, anxiety, and hygiene status of university students about COVID-19. METHODS: The investigation was conducted with students of three vocational schools of health services located in different provinces of Turkey (n = 1055). Data collected by an online survey consisted of knowledge questions about COVID-19, items about behavior change, the hygiene behavior scale (HBS), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7) scale. RESULTS: The knowledge scores of women were significantly higher than the scores of men. Of the students, 59.6%showed positive hygiene behaviors, and 31.5%had anxiety. Female students’ total HDC scale score was significantly lower than that of men, and the total HDC scale score of those who received hand hygiene education was significantly lower than that of participants who did not receive training, which shows a positive hygiene behavior. The total GAD-7 scale score of women was significantly higher than that of men. More than half of the students showed positive hygiene behaviors, and about a third had anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the study’s results, psychological support and training should be provided to students.
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Buathong, Napakkawat, Nuttorn Pityaratstian, and Apittha Unahalekhaka. "Pathways to parental anxiety: effect of coping strategies for disruptive behaviors in children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder." Asian Biomedicine 13, no. 1 (December 19, 2019): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/abm-2019-0035.
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Abstract Background Disruptive behaviors are commonly found in children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and affect the mental health of parents. However, a study of the direct and indirect effects between disruptive behaviors in children with ADHD and parental anxiety and coping strategies is apparently lacking. Objective To examine the direct and indirect relationship between disruptive behaviors in children with ADHD and parental anxiety and coping strategies as a mediator. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thailand between March 2015 and January 2016. Participants comprised 200 parents whose children were diagnosed with ADHD by physicians. Participants completed questionnaires regarding sociodemographic characteristics including The Thai Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, The Swanson, Nolan and Pelham (SNAP-IV): parent form (Thai version), and The Coping Scale Questionnaire (Thai version). Results The direct path between disruptive behaviors and anxiety was significant (b = 0.21, P = 0.002). Moreover, a significant indirect path was found between disruptive behaviors and coping behavior with escape–avoidance (β = 0.20, P = 0.005), and an indirect path was found between escape–avoidance and anxiety (b = 0.31, P <0.001). Conclusions Health care professionals should evaluate the use of coping strategies by parents of children with ADHD and encourage the parents to use a positive strategy for coping with the disruptive behaviors of their children.
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Lazarini-Lopes, Willian, Gleice Kelli Silva-Cardoso, Christie Ramos Andrade Leite-Panissi, and Norberto Garcia-Cairasco. "Increased TRPV1 Channels and FosB Protein Expression Are Associated with Chronic Epileptic Seizures and Anxiogenic-like Behaviors in a Preclinical Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy." Biomedicines 10, no. 2 (February 10, 2022): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10020416.
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Epilepsies are neurological disorders characterized by chronic seizures and their related neuropsychiatric comorbidities, such as anxiety. The Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid type-1 (TRPV1) channel has been implicated in the modulation of seizures and anxiety-like behaviors in preclinical models. Here, we investigated the impact of chronic epileptic seizures in anxiety-like behavior and TRPV1 channels expression in a genetic model of epilepsy, the Wistar Audiogenic Rat (WAR) strain. WARs were submitted to audiogenic kindling (AK), a preclinical model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and behavioral tests were performed in the open-field (OF), and light-dark box (LDB) tests 24 h after AK. WARs displayed increased anxiety-like behavior and TRPV1R expression in the hippocampal CA1 area and basolateral amygdala nucleus (BLA) when compared to control Wistar rats. Chronic seizures increased anxiety-like behaviors and TRPV1 and FosB expression in limbic and brainstem structures involved with epilepsy and anxiety comorbidity, such as the hippocampus, superior colliculus, and periaqueductal gray matter. Therefore, these results highlight previously unrecognized alterations in TRPV1 expression in brain structures involved with TLE and anxiogenic-like behaviors in a genetic model of epilepsy, the WAR strain, supporting an important role of TRPV1 in the modulation of neurological disorders and associated neuropsychiatric comorbidities.
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Bossenbroek, Rineke, Aniek Wols, Joanneke Weerdmeester, Anna Lichtwarck-Aschoff, Isabela Granic, and Marieke M. J. W. van Rooij. "Efficacy of a Virtual Reality Biofeedback Game (DEEP) to Reduce Anxiety and Disruptive Classroom Behavior: Single-Case Study." JMIR Mental Health 7, no. 3 (March 24, 2020): e16066. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/16066.
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Background Many adolescents in special education are affected by anxiety in addition to their behavioral problems. Anxiety leads to substantial long-term problems and may underlie disruptive behaviors in the classroom as a result of the individual’s inability to tolerate anxiety-provoking situations. Thus, interventions in special needs schools that help adolescents cope with anxiety and, in turn, diminish disruptive classroom behaviors are needed. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a virtual reality biofeedback game, DEEP, on daily levels of state-anxiety and disruptive classroom behavior in a clinical sample. In addition, the study also aimed to examine the duration of the calm or relaxed state after playing DEEP. Methods A total of 8 adolescents attending a special secondary school for students with behavioral and psychiatric problems participated in a single-case experimental ABAB study. Over a 4-week period, participants completed 6 DEEP sessions. In addition, momentary assessments (ie, 3 times a day) of self-reported state-anxiety and teacher-reported classroom behavior were collected throughout all A and B phases. Results From analyzing the individual profiles, it was found that 6 participants showed reductions in anxiety, and 5 participants showed reductions in disruptive classroom behaviors after the introduction of DEEP. On a group level, results showed a small but significant reduction of anxiety (d=–0.29) and a small, nonsignificant reduction of disruptive classroom behavior (d=−0.16) on days when participants played DEEP. Moreover, it was found that the calm or relaxed state of participants after playing DEEP lasted for about 2 hours on average. Conclusions This study demonstrates the potential of the game, DEEP, as an intervention for anxiety and disruptive classroom behavior in a special school setting. Future research is needed to fully optimize and personalize DEEP as an intervention for the heterogeneous special school population.
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Schrott, Lisa M., and Linda S. Crnic. "Increased anxiety behaviors in autoimmune mice." Behavioral Neuroscience 110, no. 3 (1996): 492–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0735-7044.110.3.492.
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Bultas, Margaret W., John Taylor, Cynthia Rubbelke, Ashley D. Schmuke, and Jennifer Jackson. "Anxiety and Answer-Changing Behavior in Nursing Students." Journal of Nursing Education 62, no. 6 (June 2023): 351–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20230418-01.
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Background: Anxiety in college students, including nursing students, has increased significantly and has been implicated as a cause of lower academic achievement and answer-changing behavior. This study investigated the relationship between student anxiety and answer-changing behaviors. Method: One hundred thirty-one nursing students from a large midwestern baccalaureate nursing program were enrolled in a quasiexperimental prospective research study. Data included demographics, analysis of student movement through the examination to identify changed answers, and completion of the PROMIS Short Form version 1.0–Emotional Distress–Anxiety 8a tool. Results: PROMIS anxiety scores did not covary significantly with the rate of answer-changing behaviors including rate of negative changes. Conclusion: This study did not identify a relationship between students' answer-changing behavior and anxiety. Future studies should evaluate other characteristics, such as confidence and level of examination preparation, as possible reasons for changing answers. [ J Nurs Educ . 2023;62(6):351–354.]
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Corbett, Kathryn, Jingyue Huang, Sophia Liu, Elliot Charles Smith, Delaram Farzanfar, Karmugi Balaratnam, Dixon Pinto, et al. "Impact of depression and anxiety on cancer patients' perceptions of lifestyle behaviors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 31_suppl (November 1, 2019): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.31_suppl.141.
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141 Background: Health behaviors including tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and physical activity (PA) can impact outcomes in cancer survivors. While the peri-diagnostic period can be a "teachable moment" for behavior change, patients may face barriers including mental health comorbidities. We have previously identified that patient perceptions of behaviors can influence behavior change. Here, we evaluated the impact of anxiety and depression on patient perceptions of these behaviors. Methods: Cancer patients from all disease sites were surveyed (2016-17) on their smoking, alcohol habits, and PA, and perceptions of the impact of these behaviors on fatigue, survival, and quality of life (QofL). Survey data were linked with same day Edmonton Symptom Assessment Symptom (ESAS) anxiety and depression scores. Logistic regression models evaluated the impact of anxiety and depression on patient perceptions. Results: Of 496, 53% were male; median age, 60 years. At diagnosis, 20% were current smokers, 47% were current drinkers, and 67% were not meeting PA guidelines. 30% screened positive for anxiety (ESAS anxiety > 3) and 34% screened positive for depression (ESAS depression > 2); mean [standard deviation] scores were 1.9 [2.3] for anxiety and 1.5 [2.2] for depression. Most current smokers (> 80%) perceived smoking to negatively impact fatigue, survival and QofL. Smokers screening positive for anxiety were more likely to perceive smoking as harmful on survival (OR=9.09, 95% CI (1.15-100), P=0.04); greater ESAS anxiety scores were associated with perceiving smoking to worsen survival (OR=1.51 per point, 95% CI (1.04-2.17), P=0.03). While those less physically active at diagnosis (> 65%) felt that PA improves fatigue, survival and QofL and half of current drinkers (45%-50%) felt that alcohol worsens outcomes, anxiety and depression were not found associated with perceptions (P > 0.10). Conclusions: Among current smokers, greater anxiety scores and those screening positive for anxiety were more likely to perceive continued smoking as harmful to survival. Mental health comorbidities were not found to have an impact on patient perceptions of the effect of alcohol consumption and PA on fatigue, survival, and QofL.
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Ranjan, Prakash, and Jayanta K. Das. "Pattern of stress and anxiety behaviour among people with type 2 diabetes in a tertiary care hospital of Delhi, India: an observational study." International Journal of Advances in Medicine 7, no. 6 (May 22, 2020): 983. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20202115.
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Background: The prevalence of stress and anxiety in diabetes is considerably higher than normal population and found to have a negative impact on diabetes. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships among perceived diabetes-related stress and anxiety behaviors in adults living with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).Methods: In this descriptive and cross sectional study, systematic random sampling technique was used to select the sample of type 2 diabetic patients. Scheduled interview of 412 type 2 diabetic patient was conducted at outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi.Results: Out of 412 diabetic patients, 58.7 percent feel diabetes-related stress and anxiety behaviors when they think about living with diabetes. Age of patients, educational status, occupation and average monthly family income of diabetic patients are statistically associated with perceived diabetes-related stress and anxiety behaviors of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Lifestyle behaviour like diet pattern (vegetarian or nonvegetarian diet) and moderate intensity activities like walking are also statistically associated with perceived diabetes-related stress and anxiety behaviors of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.Conclusions: This study found a high prevalence of diabetes-related stress and anxiety behavior in patients with Type 2 DM. Therefore, the care of individuals with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) should include the screening and possible management of stress and anxiety in order to achieve and sustain treatment goals.
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Adhimah, Olivia Khufyatul, Rooselyna Ekawati, and Dini Kinati Fardah. "PERILAKU PEMECAHAN MASALAH SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN MASALAH MATEMATIKA KONTEKSTUAL DITINJAU DARI KECEMASAN MATEMATIKA." MATHEdunesa 9, no. 1 (June 28, 2020): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/mathedunesa.v9n1.p145-154.
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Problem solving behavior make further information about behavior of students to understand contextual mathematical problems and their solutions. The different behaviors shown by students to each other shows how to steps, abilities, and understanding of students in solving contextual mathematical problems. It is important for students and teachers to know the problem solving behaviors in order to improve understanding and ability to solve contextual mathematical problems. Mathematics anxiety can influence students in soling mathematical problems. Given the importance of students problem solving behavior in learning mathematics, teachers need to know students problem solving behavior in solving contextual mathematical problems based on mathematics anxiety. This study investigate problem solving behavior of students with low and high mathematical anxiety in solving contextual mathematical problems. Subjects in this study were four students of Junior High School, consists each of the two students from each mathematics anxiety group, low and high. Four students were given contextual mathematical problem solving test to investigate about problem solving behavior. Classification of students mathematics anxiety levels is determined through the mathematics anxiety questionnaire score of each student. The results of this research showed that students problem solving behavior with high mathematics anxiety were categorized in Direct Translation Approach-proficient (DTA-p) dan Direct Translation Approach-not proficient (DTA-np) category. Students behavior with low mathematics anxiety were categorized in the category of Meaning Based Approach-justification (MBA-j). The difference in problem solving behavior from two categories of mathematics anxiety is in re-reading the problem, linking concepts, deciding strategies, using context in calculations and final answer, and providing an explanation at each step of the solution. Students problem solving behavior with low mathematics anxiety was better than students problem solving behavior with high mathematics anxiety.
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Sestan-Pesa, Matija, Marya Shanabrough, Tamas L. Horvath, and Maria Consolata Miletta. "Impaired Ghrelin Signaling Does Not Lead to Alterations of Anxiety-like Behaviors in Adult Mice Chronically Exposed to THC during Adolescence." Biomedicines 11, no. 1 (January 6, 2023): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11010144.
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As marijuana use during adolescence has been increasing, the need to understand the effects of its long-term use becomes crucial. Previous research suggested that marijuana consumption during adolescence increases the risk of developing mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia, depression, and anxiety. Ghrelin is a peptide produced primarily in the gut and is important for feeding behavior. Recent studies have shown that ghrelin and its receptor, the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR), play important roles in mediating stress, as well as anxiety and depression-like behaviors in animal models. Here, we investigated the effects of chronic tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) administration during late adolescence (P42–55) in GHSR (GHSR −/−) knockout mice and their wild-type littermates in relation to anxiety-like behaviors. We determined that continuous THC exposure during late adolescence did not lead to any significant alterations in the anxiety-like behaviors of adult mice, regardless of genotype, following a prolonged period of no exposure (1 month). These data indicate that in the presence of intact or impaired ghrelin/GHSR signaling, THC exposure during late adolescence has limited if any long-term impact on anxiety-like behaviors in mice.
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Kong, Ting, and Shuang Zeng. "The Effect of Perceived Environmental Uncertainty on University Students’ Anxiety, Academic Engagement, and Prosocial Behavior." Behavioral Sciences 13, no. 11 (November 3, 2023): 906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs13110906.
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Uncertainty, as the predominant characteristic of the contemporary landscape, poses significant challenges and exerts profound influence on individual decision making and behaviors; however, there remains a limited understanding of its impact on university student behavior. Building upon the uncertainty management theory, this study presents a conceptual framework to investigate the impact of perceived environmental uncertainty on university students’ anxiety levels and behaviors, including academic engagement and prosocial behavior. Additionally, our model proposes that the intolerance of uncertainty moderates a mediating effect on anxiety. These hypotheses are empirically tested using a sample of 221 Chinese university students. The results reveal a positive relationship between perceived environmental uncertainty and anxiety among university students; subsequently, anxiety exerts a negative influence on both academic engagement and prosocial behavior. Furthermore, we find that anxiety serves as a psychological mediator between perceived environmental uncertainty and both academic engagement and prosocial behavior. This research also underscores the significance of the intolerance of uncertainty in shaping university students’ involvement in academic pursuits when confronted with anxiety stemming from perceived environmental uncertainty. Consequently, these findings have practical implications for facilitating university students’ adaptive coping strategies in uncertain contexts and mitigating the negative effects of anxiety on their behavioral responses.
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Grebe, Stacey C., Danica L. Limon, Morgan M. McNeel, Andrew Guzick, Sarika U. Peters, Wen-Hann Tan, Anjali Sadhwani, et al. "Anxiety in Angelman Syndrome." American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 127, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-127.1.1.
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Abstract Angelman Syndrome (AS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder most commonly caused by the impaired expression of the maternal UBE3A gene on chromosome 15. Though anxiety has been identified as a frequently present characteristic in AS, there are limited studies examining anxiety in this population. Studies of anxiety in other neurodevelopmental disorders have found disorder specific symptoms of anxiety and age specific displays of anxiety symptoms. However, there is a consistent challenge in identifying anxiety in people with neurodevelopmental disorders given the lack of measurement instruments specifically designed for this population. Given the limited information about AS and anxiety, the aims of the current project were to (a) examine symptoms of anxiety in children with AS and (b) determine the correlates of anxiety in children with AS. Participants included 42 adult caregivers of youth with AS in the AS Natural History study who completed the Developmental Behavior Checklist (DBC). The results found that 26% of the sample demonstrated elevated symptoms of anxiety and established a relationship between elevated anxiety in youth with AS and higher levels of irritability, hyperactivity, self-absorbed behaviors, and disruptive/antisocial behaviors. Findings from this research provide a foundation for tailoring evidence-based assessments and treatments for youth with AS and anxiety.
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Park, Eunok. "The influences of mental health problem on suicide-related behaviors among adolescents: Based on Korean Youth Health Behavior Survey." Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education 29, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.5977/jkasne.2023.29.1.98.
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Purpose: This study explored the influencing factors on suicide-related behaviors (ideation, plans, and attempts) focusing on mental health problems (anxiety, depression, and loneliness) among Korean adolescents. Methods: A secondary analysis was conducted with data from the 16th Korean Youth Health Behavior Survey collected from in 2020 by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: After the adjustment of demographic characteristics and health risk behaviors, the influences of mental health problems on suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts showed the anxiety odds ratio (OR) for severe anxiety vs. minimal (OR 4.65, 4.67, and 3.75), depression (OR 4.27, 3.69, and 4.49), loneliness (OR 2.18, 1.96, and 1.96). Health risk behaviors (violence experience, drug use, stress, smoking, and drinking alcohol) and demographic variables (gender, school record, and socioeconomic status) were also significantly associated with suicide-related behaviors. Conclusion: Anxiety, depression, and loneliness were strong predictors of suicide-related behaviors. Early detection of suicide risks through screening for comprehensive mental health problems was recommended. Suicide prevention that considers the risk factors, including mental health problems and other risk factors, needs to be developed and implemented to reduce suicide risks among adolescents.
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Amuk, Ozge Ceren, and Rikinkumar S. Patel. "Comorbid Anxiety Increases Suicidal Risk in Bipolar Depression: Analysis of 9720 Adolescent Inpatients." Behavioral Sciences 10, no. 7 (July 4, 2020): 108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs10070108.
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Objective: To evaluate the risk of association between suicidal behaviors and comorbid anxiety disorders in adolescents with bipolar depression. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study using the nationwide inpatient sample (NIS) from the United States. This study included 9720 adolescent inpatients with bipolar depression and further grouped by co-diagnosis of anxiety disorders. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the odds ratio (OR) of suicidal behaviors due to comorbid anxiety after controlling demographic confounders and psychiatric comorbidities. Results: Out of total inpatients, 34.8% (n = 3385) had comorbid anxiety disorders with a predominance in females (70.3%) and White patients (67.7%). About 54.1% of inpatients with comorbid anxiety had suicidal behaviors versus 44.6% in the non-anxiety cohort (p < 0.001). Comorbid anxiety disorders were associated with 1.35 times higher odds (95% CI 1.23–1.47, p < 0.001) for suicidal behaviors. Conclusion: Suicidal behaviors are significantly prevalent in bipolar depression adolescents with comorbid anxiety disorders. Anxiety disorders are an independent risk factor in bipolar depression that increase the risk of suicidal behaviors by 35%. This necessitates careful assessment and management of comorbid anxiety disorders in bipolar youth to mitigate suicidality.
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Fergus, Thomas A., and David P. Valentiner. "The Affective and Cognitive Dimensions of Health Anxiety Are Associated With Different Orientations to Health Threat." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 26, no. 1 (2012): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.26.1.34.
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Using a sample of medically healthy college students (N = 412), this study examined whether the two core dimensions of health anxiety share differential relations with orientations (approach and avoidance) to health threat. These two dimensions are an affective dimension marked by health worry and a cognitive dimension marked by disease conviction. Using a scenario-based measure that depicted potential health threats, the tendency to respond to such threats using safety behaviors that paralleled either approach or avoidance behavior was assessed. As predicted, zero-order and partial correlation analyses revealed that approach-based safety behaviors were especially relevant to the affective dimension of health anxiety and avoidance-based safety behaviors were especially relevant to the cognitive dimension of health anxiety. Conceptual and therapeutic implications are discussed.
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Dengler, Bradley A., Shane A. Hawksworth, Laura Berardo, Ian McDougall, and Alexander M. Papanastassiou. "Bilateral amygdala stimulation reduces avoidance behavior in a predator scent posttraumatic stress disorder model." Neurosurgical Focus 45, no. 2 (August 2018): E16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2018.5.focus18166.
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OBJECTIVEThe predator scent model of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) produces prolonged abnormal anxiety and avoidance-like behaviors. Increased basolateral amygdala activity has been shown to correlate with severity of PTSD symptoms in human studies. Modulation of this increased amygdala activity by deep brain stimulation led to improved symptoms in prior studies that used a foot shock model of inducing PTSD. The predator scent model is a different technique that induces long-lasting avoidance behavioral responses by exposing the animal to an inescapable scent of one of its predators. The authors hypothesize that high-frequency stimulation of the bilateral basolateral amygdala will decrease avoidance and anxiety-like behaviors in a predator scent rodent model of PTSD.METHODSRodents underwent cat urine exposure in a place preference protocol. Avoidance in the place preference paradigm and anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze were measured before and after high-frequency stimulation.RESULTSPredator scent exposure resulted in long-term significant avoidance behavior in rodents. Bilateral stimulation significantly decreased avoidance behavior in rodents compared to no stimulation following predator scent exposure. There were no significant differences in anxiety behaviors on the elevated plus maze between stimulated and unstimulated cohorts.CONCLUSIONSBilateral stimulation of the basolateral amygdala leads to decreased avoidance behavior compared to controls in a predator scent model of PTSD.
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Souza Camargo, Elisa, Ana Flávia De Rezende e Cota, Roberto Ramos Garanhani, Patricia Kern Di Scala Andreis, Neblyssa Ágatha Schneider, Camila Maia de Oliveira Borges Paraná, Cláudia Schappo, Juliana Stuginski-Barbosa, Ana Carolina Mastriani Arantes, and Sérgio Aparecido Ignácio. "Assessment of awake bruxism in undergraduate students, using Ecological Momentary Assessment, through WhatsApp." Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences 5, no. 4 (August 26, 2023): 1033–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.36557/2674-8169.2023v5n4p1033-1051.
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This study assessed awake bruxism (AB) in undergraduate students using WhatsApp and examined the association of this behavior with quality of life and anxiety. The sample was composed of 36 healthy young adults of both genders, with an average age of 20.74 years. AB behaviors (teeth contact, teeth clenching, teeth grinding and mandible bracing) and relaxed jaw muscles were reported with Ecological Momentary Assessment, through WhatsApp, 15 times a day, for 7 days, between 8:00 am and 7:00 pm. Quality of Life (QoL) and anxiety were assessed using the SF-36 and GAD-7 questionnaires, respectively. The Mann-Whitney U non-parametric, Pearson and Spearman correlation and Pairwise non-parametric multiple comparisons 2- to-2 tests were used. The frequency of AB was 40.7%. The most frequent AB behavior was teeth contact (23.1%). Higher frequency of AB occurred on weekdays (42.3%) compared to the weekend (35.5%) (p<0.05). There was a negative correlation of AB behaviors and mandible bracing with the QoL - emotional aspects domain (p<0.05) and positive correlation of mandible bracing with anxiety (p<0.01). There was no difference between genders for QoL, anxiety and AB behaviors (p>0.05). This study highlights the importance of AB and anxiety control to improve undergraduate students’ quality of life.
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Cox, Lori M., Christopher D. Lantz, and Jerry L. Mayhew. "The Role of Social Physique Anxiety and Other Variables in Predicting Eating Behaviors in College Students." International Journal of Sport Nutrition 7, no. 4 (December 1997): 310–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.7.4.310.
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Early identification of potentially harmful eating patterns is critical in the effective remediation of such behaviors. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the degree lo which various factors including gender, family history, and athletic status predict disordered eating behavior; social physique anxiety and percent body fat were added as potential predictor variables. The eating behaviors of student-athletes and nonathlete students were also compared. One hundred eighty undergraduate students (males = 49, females =131) provided demographic information and completed the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) and the Social Physique Anxiety Scale (SPAS). Stepwise multiple-regression analysis indicated that social physique anxiety, gender, and body fat (%Fat) combined to predict 34% of disordered eating behaviors: EAT = 0.921 SPA - 1.05 %Fat + 10.95 Gender (1 = M. 2 = F) - 17.82 (R2 = .34, SE = 4.68). A one-way ANOVA comparing ihe eating behaviors of athletes and nonathletes revealed no significant difference between these groups.
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Lee, Anne R., Benjamin Lebwohl, Jessica Lebovits, Randi L. Wolf, Edward J. Ciaccio, and Peter H. R. Green. "Factors Associated with Maladaptive Eating Behaviors, Social Anxiety, and Quality of Life in Adults with Celiac Disease." Nutrients 13, no. 12 (December 15, 2021): 4494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13124494.
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A gluten-free diet (GFD), which is the only treatment for celiac disease (CeD), is challenging and associated with higher levels of anxiety, disordered eating, and lower quality of life (QOL). We examined various demographic and health factors associated with social anxiety, eating attitudes and behaviors, and QOL. Demographics and health characteristics, QOL, eating attitudes and behaviors, and social anxiety of adults with CeD were acquired using validated measures. The mean scores for QOL, SAQ, and CDFAB were compared across various demographic groups using the Z statistical test. The mean QOL score was 57.8, which is in the moderate range. The social anxiety mean scores were high: 78.82, with 9% meeting the clinical cutoff for social anxiety disorder. Those on a GFD for a short duration had significantly higher SAQ scores (worse anxiety), higher CDFAB scores (worse eating attitudes and behavior), and lower QOL scores. Those aged 23–35 years had lower QOL scores (p < 0.003) and higher SAQ scores (p < 0.003). Being single (p < 0.001) and female (p = 0.026) were associated with higher SAQ scores. These findings suggest that the development of targeted interventions to maximize QOL and healthy eating behaviors as well as to minimize anxiety is imperative for some adults with CeD.
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A Isa, Samya, Ayman Haq, and Mustafa M Husain. "Avian Models of the Neurobiology of Anxiety: A Systematic Review." Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 4, no. 6 (June 2023): 1083–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37871/jbres1771.
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Objective: Anxiety is partly driven by changes in neuroendocrine signaling, which continues to be an area of study. Birds are a useful model to study anxiety disorders due to their unique behaviors and social makeup, leading to several observable behaviors indicative of anxiety. Methods: Using PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review of studies published from January 2000 to August 2022 in PubMed, PsycINFO and MedLine was conducted. Inclusion criteria included animal studies utilizing an avian model, examining the relationship between a neuroendocrine biomarker and behavioral displays of anxiety. Exclusion criteria included review articles, editorials, studies where anxiolytic drugs were used and studies where anxiety was not the primary studied behavior. Results: 376 articles were screened. 10 papers met the review criteria. Dopamine, serotonin and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) were found to be inversely related to anxiety levels. Ghrelin and γ-Aminobutyric acid type A (GABAa) were directly correlated with anxiety levels. Corticosterone correlated in a bidirectional manner depending on when a stress was applied, however, lower levels at baseline were more predictive of less anxious birds. Pituitary adenylate cyclase was shown to increase anxiety but was also time-dependent. Arginine vaso-peptide was found to reduce anxiety, but was also context-dependent. Vasointestinal Peptide had no relation to anxiety. Conclusion: Birds display similar chemical responses to humans when anxious, and due to anxiety-related behaviors unique to birds, allow for an additional approach to the investigation of different neuroendocrine markers that are not always strongly considered when studying the neurobiology of anxiety in humans.
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Moskowitz, Lauren J., Emile Mulder, Caitlin E. Walsh, Darlene Magito McLaughlin, Jennifer R. Zarcone, Greg Hajcak Proudfit, and Edward G. Carr. "A Multimethod Assessment of Anxiety and Problem Behavior in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders and Intellectual Disability." American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 118, no. 6 (November 1, 2013): 419–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1944.7558.118.6.419.
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Abstract Despite the increased risk for anxiety disorders in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), there is a lack of research on the assessment and treatment of anxiety in this population, particularly for those with an intellectual disability (ID). The present study evaluated a multimethod strategy for the assessment of anxiety and problem behavior in three children with ASD and ID. Anxiety was operationally defined using: (1) behavioral data from anxious behaviors, (2) affective/contextual data from parent-report and observer ratings of overall anxiety, and (3) physiological data (heart rate [HR] and respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA]). A functional assessment of problem behavior during high- and low-anxiety conditions was conducted. Higher levels of problem behavior and HR and lower RSA were found in the high-anxiety than in the low-anxiety conditions.
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Leite, Ângela, Diana Lopes, and Linda Pereira. "Pro-Environmental Behavior and Climate Change Anxiety, Perception, Hope, and Despair According to Political Orientation." Behavioral Sciences 13, no. 12 (November 23, 2023): 966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs13120966.
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The main objective of this paper is to assess pro-environmental behavior, climate change anxiety, perception, hope, and despair in different political orientations. Our specific aims included to assess the validity of all the instruments used; to assess whether the factor structure of the scales were valid across political orientations; to evaluate their reliability; to assess differences concerning age, gender, and political orientation; to learn the variables that explain pro-environmental behavior; and to evaluate the moderating role of climate change perception, despair, and hope in the relationship between climate change anxiety and pro-environmental behavior. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs), multi-group CFAs (to calculate measurement invariance), multiple linear regressions, and moderations were performed. Results showed that pro-environmental behavior and climate change hope achieved the four assessed levels of invariance across different political orientations; climate change anxiety achieved the first three levels of invariance; and climate change perception and climate change despair achieved configural invariance. Climate change anxiety, personal experience with climate change, and climate change perception (total, reality, and consequences) presented higher values for the left political orientation than for the right or the center. Climate change anxiety variables contributed most to explaining pro-environmental behaviors. Hope, despair, and climate change perception (consequences) moderated the relationship between climate change anxiety and pro-environmental behavior. These results open up new avenues for investigation, specifically to understand why high levels of anxiety lead to more pro-environmental behaviors.
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Stanojević, Dragana, Miljana Pavićević, Tijana Živković, Olivera Radović, and Biljana Jaredić. "Health beliefs and health anxiety as predictors of COVID-19 health behavior: Data from Serbia." Zbornik radova Filozofskog fakulteta u Pristini 52, no. 3 (2022): 301–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrffp52-38184.
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The end of 2019 and the beginning of 2020 were marked by the appearance of the virus SARS-CoV-2, which led to a health crisis around the world. Health preventive behavior was highlighted as, at that time, the only form of prevention of the spread of the disease. Factors that will lead people to adhere to the recommended forms of behavior have become the subject of research in various scientific disciplines. The Model of Health Belief is one of the dominant frameworks for studying health behaviors, and thus behaviors related to COVID-19. Health anxiety and beliefs about illness and preventive behavior are the starting point for considering the level at which individuals adhere to the recommended measures. The main goal of this research was to examine a model in which health anxiety and health beliefs are predictors of preventive health behavior in relation to COVID-19. The sample consisted of 420 respondents, 66.3% of whom were women. They completed an online questionnaire comprising the following instruments: Short Health Anxiety Inventory, COVID-19 Health Belief Scale, and COVID-19 Health Behavior Scale with two subscales-Protection in Social Contacts and Hygiene. After controlling for effects of gender and presence of chronic disease, perceived benefit of preventive behavior and the observed barrier can predict protection in social contacts. Hygiene can be predicted by the perceived benefit of preventive behavior and the perceived barrier. Health anxiety has not been shown to be a significant predictor of health behavior. The paper discusses the theoretical and practical implications of the obtained results. The obtained results partially support the Model of Health Beliefs. In order to increase the degree to which individuals adhere to health behaviors, the benefits of preventive behaviors should be emphasized while the barriers should be reduced.
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Pape, S. E., and M. P. Collins. "A systematic literature review of parenting behaviours exhibited by anxious people." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)71881-8.
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IntroductionResearch shows anxiety clustering within families: a greater proportion of children with anxious parents develop symptoms of anxiety than children with non-anxious parents. Anxious children often describe their parents as over-controlling and intrusive, lacking in affection and warmth, with reports of decreased parental support.Objectives(1)to identify if parenting behaviors differ between anxious and non-anxious parents,(2)to discuss if these differences in behaviors can contribute to transgenerational transmission of anxiety.AimsIdentifying whether behaviour modification could reduce familial transmission rates of anxiety.MethodA search of OvidSP Medline, Google Scholar, and PubMed was performed, covering 1999 to 2010. Search terms used were: parenting, parents, maternal, paternal, or parental; and anxiety, PTSD, OCD, panic disorder, or phobia. 14 Papers were identified.ResultsWhile most papers identified differences in parenting between anxious and control parents, the conclusions were variable. Two observed increased amounts of controlling behaviour, 5 a decrease in sensitivity, 1 witnessed exageration of behaviours, and 5 a decrease in granting of autonomy or increased protectiveness.ConclusionThe most supported differences in anxious parenting are less granting of autonomy, and lower levels of sensitivity. Whilst in isolation they cannot explain how anxiety is transmitted, and appear to be reciprocally related to child anxiety and temperament, they give grounds for further research. In particular this review identifies the need to study the above behavioral components in longitudinal studies, to observe causal effects between parent behavior and child anxiety.
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Mansouri, Monireh, Hamidreza Pouretemad, Gregers Wegener, Mehrdad Roghani, Masoud Afshari, Carina Mallard, and Maryam Ardalan. "Dual Profile of Environmental Enrichment and Autistic-Like Behaviors in the Maternal Separated Model in Rats." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 3 (January 25, 2021): 1173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031173.
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Background: Environmental Enrichment (EE) has been suggested as a possible therapeutic intervention for neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism. Although the benefits of this therapeutic method have been reported in some animal models and human studies, the unknown pathophysiology of autism as well as number of conflicting results, urge for further examination of the therapeutic potential of EE in autism. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of environmental enrichment on autism-related behaviors which were induced in the maternal separation (MS) animal model. Material and Methods: Maternally separated (post-natal day (PND) 1–14, 3 h/day) and control male rats were at weaning (PND21) age equally divided into rats housed in enriched environment and normal environment. At adolescence (PND42–50), the four groups were behaviorally tested for direct social interaction, sociability, repetitive behaviors, anxiety behavior, and locomotion. Following completion of the behavioral tests, the blood and brain tissue samples were harvested in order to assess plasma level of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and structural plasticity of brain using ELISA and stereological methods respectively. Results: We found that environmental enrichment reduced repetitive behaviors but failed to improve the impaired sociability and anxiety behaviors which were induced by maternal separation. Indeed, EE exacerbated anxiety and social behaviors deficits in association with increased plasma BDNF level, larger volume of the hippocampus and infra-limbic region and higher number of neurons in the infra-limbic area (p < 0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that environmental enrichment has a significant improvement effect on the repetitive behavior as one of the core autistic-like behaviors induced by maternal separation but has negative effect on the anxiety and social behaviors which might have been modulated by BDNF.