Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Anxiété – Physiologie'
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1
Mombereau, Cédric. "Etude du rôle des récepteurs GABA dans l'anxiété, la dépression et l'addiction : approche pharmacologique et génétique." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13139.
Abstract:
Notre travail visait à caractériser le rôle des récepteurs GABAB dans l'anxiété, la dépression et l'addiction, prenant avantage du récent développement de souris GABAB knockout et d'un modulateur positif allostérique du récepteur GABAB (GS39783). Dans un premier temps, nous avons observé que l'ablation du gène codant pour le récepteur GABAB induisait un effet anxiogène. Inversement, la simulation pharmacologique de ces récepteurs produisait une réponse anxiolytique. De plus, nous avons mis en évidence que l'inactivation génétique de ces récepteurs et leur blocage pharmacologique induisait un effet antidépresseur. Finalement, nous avons observé que le GS39783 s'opposait à la fois aux comportements et aux adaptations moléculaires associés à l'administration de psychostimulants. Ainsi, ces études nous permettent de conclure que les récepteurs GABAB pourraient représenter une cible dans le développement de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutique dans le traitement de ces trois pathologies.
2
Le, Merrer Julie. "Opium, opiacés, opioi͏̈des : du remède millénaire à la physiologie des morphines endogènes." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR2P106.
3
Pelloux, Yann. "Prédispositions aux toxicomanies : influence de la recherche de nouveauté, de l'anxiété et de la dépression sur la vulnérabilité à différents agents toxicomanogènes." Rouen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ROUES043.
Abstract:
Il est communément admis qu'il existe chez l'homme comme chez l'animal, une grande variabilité de susceptibilité aux drogues. Certains traits de personnalité et comportements pathologiques couramment observé chez les toxicomanes est la recherche de nouveauté. De plus, certains auteurs ont observé que les sujets anxieux et dépressifs abusent aussi fréquemment de drogues. Nous avons donc recherché chez l'animal, l'influence respective de ces différents facteurs comportementaux dans la vulnérabilité aux agents toxicomanogènes. Dans un premier temps, nous avons donc comparé au sein de populations de rat de la souche Wistar, l'influence de la réponse à la nouveauté, selon qu'elle est présentée de façon imposée ou dans une situation de libre choix, sur la vulnérabilité aux effets de différents agents appétitifs naturels et toxicomanogènes. La réactivité à la nouveauté imposée est associée à une plus grande sensibilité aux effets appétitifs d'une faible dose d'amphétamine et à une moindre consommation d'amphétamine, de morphine et de saccharose. A l'opposé, la préférence pour la nouveauté s'accompagne globalement d'une moindre sensibilité aux effets appétitifs de faibles doses d'amphétamine et de cocai͏̈ne et d'une plus grande consommation orale d'amphétamine, de morphine, d'éthanol et de saccharose. Les hauts répondeurs à la nouveauté imposée seraient plus sensibles aux drogues et auraient donc besoin d'en consommer moins pour être contentés. Les animaux exprimant une plus grande préférence pour la nouveauté seraient moins sensibles aux effets des drogues et auraient besoin de quantités notablement plus importantes pour obtenir un niveau optimal de stimulation. Ils seraient plus sensibles aux phénomènes de renforcement positif. Alors que les réponses à la nouveauté semblent présager principalement de la sensibilité à de faibles quantités de drogue, l'anxiété et la résignation semblent davantage influencer la réponse aux plus fortes quantités de drogue. Ainsi l'anxiété déterminée sur les épreuves du double compartiment blanc/noir et du labyrinthe en croix surélevé, au sein de populations générales de rats de la souche Wistar ne prédit pas la préférence de place conditionnée induite par de faibles doses de cocai͏̈ne, d'amphétamine et de morphine. Toutefois, elle favorise l'appétence pour de plus fortes doses de cocai͏̈ne et d'amphétamine. De la même façon, l'anxiété n'influence pas la consommation orale d'amphétamine à partir de solutions faiblement concentrées, mais les anxieux consomment moins d'amphétamine que les non anxieux lorsque celle-ci est présentée dans une solution plus concentrée. De plus les animaux anxieux supportent moins bien une réduction de la concentration de la solution alcoolisée ou une privation d'éthanol, suggérant qu'ils sont plus sensibles aux phénomènes de renforcement négatif et présenteraient ainsi une propension accrue à la rechute. Chez les rats mâles, la durée d'immobilité dans l'épreuve de la nage forcée ne présage pas de la sensibilité aux effets appétitifs de faibles doses d'amphétamine, de cocai͏̈ne et de morphine. Au sein de populations hétérogènes de souris mâles et femelles de la souche CD1, nous avons pu établir que l'immobilité dans l'épreuve de suspension par la queue est prédictive de l'anhédonie induite par des stress chroniques légers chez les femelles mais pas chez les mâles. De plus, les femelles les plus résignées dans l'épreuve de la suspension par la queue consomment plus d'éthanol à partir d'une solution fortement concentrée et développent une plus grande préférence de place conditionnée induite par une forte dose d'éthanol que les femelles non résignées. Ces résultats semblent donc montrer que les réponses à la nouveauté d'une part et l'anxiété et la résignation d'autre part seraient impliquées de manière différente dans la vulnérabilité aux droguesIt is the commonly accepted that a wide variability exists in susceptibility to drug of abuse, both in human and non-human animals. Some personality trait and pathological behaviours are frequently associated with drug addiction. For example, novelty seeking is often observed in drug abuser, and anxious and depressive individuals also frequently abuse drugs. The purpose of this investigation was to examine the respective influence of these factors on the vulnerability to drug addiction. In the first phase, we compared the influence of responses to both forced and free-choice novelty within a population of Wistar rats. The reactivity to forced novelty was associated with a higher sensitivity to the rewarding effects of a low dose of amphetamine and with a lower oral consumption of amphetamine, morphine and sucrose. . In the second phase, we compared the influences of anxiety and helplessness on vulnerability to drug of abuse. In Wistar rats, anxiety was associated with greater conditioned place preference induced by high, but not low, doses of cocaine and amphetamine. In addition, anxiety was not associated with a greater consumption of a low concentration of amphetamine solutions, but anxious animals consumed less of a higher concentration of amphetamine solution than non-anxious animals Similar to anxiety, helplessness was not associated to any difference in drug sensitivity Taken together these results suggest that responses to novelty, anxiety and helplessness are associated with different aspects of vulnerability to drugs of abuse
4
Vignet, Caroline. "Altération de la physiologie des poissons exposés à des hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) : comportement et reproduction." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LAROS003/document.
Abstract:
Les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) sont des polluants organiques persistants qui sont présents en mélange complexe dans l’environnement et notamment dans les milieux aquatiques. Ils s’adsorbent sur les particules en suspension, s’accumulent dans les sédiments et dans les premiers maillons de la chaîne trophique. L’objectif de cette étude était de mesurer les effets à long terme d’une contamination par des HAP chez un modèle de vertébrés : le poisson zèbre. Dans un premier temps, des embryons ont été exposés pendant les 4 premiers jours de leur développement sur du sédiment naturel enrobé de 3 HAP individuel (phénanthrène, pyrène et benzo[a]pyrène) puis transférés et élevés en eau propre. Dans un deuxième temps, des poissons ont été exposés par voie alimentaire tout au long du cycle de vie et dès le premier repas à 3 fractions de HAP à doses environnementales enrobées sur les aliments : une fraction pyrolytique (PY) extraite d’un sédiment échantillonné dans la Seine et deux fractions pétrogéniques (un fuel lourd (HO) provenant de l’Erika et un pétrole brut type Arabian light (LO)). Les effets à long terme sur la croissance, la survie, la reproduction et le comportement ont été évalués à différents âges. Ces effets ont pu être observés à plusieurs échelles, i.e. de la molécule, aux tissus et organes puis à l’échelle de l’individu. Globalement, chez les poissons contaminés, la croissance est ralentie, la survie larvaire diminuée chez les HO, la fonction reproduction est altérée fortement à la fois au niveau hormonal, tissulaire et phénotypique ainsi que les réponses comportementales léthargiques ou hyper-réactives selon les cas. L’exposition par voie sédimentaire a révélé des effets visibles lorsque les individus atteignaient 6 mois soulignant l’existence d’effets tardifs, notamment sur les réponses comportementales, d’une exposition très précoce y compris chez la descendance. Quant à l’exposition par voie alimentaire, elle a montré une gradation des effets. Toutes fonctions confondues, les résultats obtenus permettent d'établir une hiérarchie dans la toxicité des fractions étudiées : PY < LO ≈ HO. L'approche multi-échelle utilisée dans ce travail a permis, en partant d'informations acquises au niveau moléculaire, tissulaire et individuel, d'aboutir à une compréhension intégrée des conséquences qu'une exposition à des HAP peut avoir sur l'aptitude à la survie des poissons dans leur milieu naturel ainsi qu'à leur capacité à participer au renouvellement des générations futuresPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) which are found in complex mixtures in the environment including aquatic ecosystems. They adsorb on particles, accumulate in sediment and in the first link of the food web. The aim of this study was to measure long term effects of PAHs contamination on a vertebrate model : the zebrafish. In a first study, embryos were exposed on natural sediment spiked with 3 individual PAH (phenanthrene, pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene) during the first four days of their development. In a second study, to evaluate the consequences of long-term chronic exposure to PAHs, zebrafish were exposed, from their first meal (5 days post fertilisation) until they became reproducing adults, to diets spiked with three PAHs fractions at environmentally relevant concentrations (0.3X, 1X and 3X; with the 1X concentration being in the range of 4.6-6.7 μg.g-1 for total quantified PAHs). The fractions used were representative of PAHs of pyrolytic (PY) origin or of two different oils of differing compositions (a heavy fuel (HO) and a light crude oil (LO)). Long term effects on growth, survival, reproduction and behavior were evaluated at different ages. Effects were observed at molecule, tissue, organ and individual scales. In general, for contaminated fish, growth was reduced, larval survival decreased in HO, and reproduction was strongly impaired at hormonal, tissue and phenotypic levels, and behavioral responses were lethargic or hyperactive depending on fractions and stages. Sediment exposure still revealed visible effects when fish were 6 month old. These results hereby showed significant late effects, especially in behavioral responses after an early exposure, including in larvae issued from contaminated fish. In spiked diets contaminated fish, we observed a gradation of effects. Combining all functions, we established of hierarchy in toxicity in the studied fractions: PY < LO ≈ HO. Finally, our results gathered at a multiscale from molecule, to tissue and individuals, indicate that PAH mixtures of different compositions, representative of situations encountered in the wild, can promote lethal and sublethal effects which are likely to be detrimental for fish survival and recruitment into future generations
5
Comte, Magali. "Neuro-imagerie fonctionnelle du circuit cortico-limbique lors du traitement émotionnel chez le patient schizophrène et le volontaire sain." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5071/document.
Abstract:
Au sein du circuit cortico-limbique, des régions complémentaires seraient impliquées soit dans l’évaluation soit dans la régulation des états affectifs. Cependant, la contribution respective de ces mécanismes «bottom-up» et «top-down» lors du traitement émotionnel reste à clarifier. Premièrement, nous avons validé un nouveau paradigme d’IRMf conçu pour dissocier les composants du circuit cortico-limbique, c.-à-d. le circuit dorsal cognitif entrecroisé avec le circuit ventral affectif. Nous avons trouvé que l’amygdale et ses connexions avec le circuit dorsal étaient engagées par le traitement émotionnel bottom-up. Le cortex cingulaire antérieur (CCA) dorsal et ses connexions avec le cortex préfrontal dorso-latéral (CPFDL) et l’amygdale étaient recrutés par la résolution top-down du conflit émotionnel. Le CPFDL et ses connexions avec le CCA dorsal étaient engagés par le contrôle attentionnel top-down. Puis, nous avons examiné l’impact de l’anxiété sur le circuit. Nous avons montré qu’une forte anxiété était associée à une activation plus importante du CCA en réponse au conflit émotionnel mais à une connectivité réduite entre CCA et CPFL. Enfin, nous avons examiné la variation d’activité et de connectivité fonctionnelle chez des patients schizophrènes. Chez les patients comparativement aux témoins, les processus bottom-up étaient associés à une interaction réduite entre l’amygdale et le CCA ventral et dorsal ainsi que le CPFDL. La résolution du conflit émotionnel entraînait une plus forte connectivité entre CCA dorsal et CCA ventral ainsi que le CPFDL. L’augmentation du contrôle attentionnel provoquait une connectivité plus importante entre le CPFDL et le CCA ventralWithin the cortico-limbic circuit, complementary regions are believed to be involved in either the appraisal or the regulation of affective state. However, the respective contribution of these bottom-up and top-down mechanisms during emotion processing remains to be clarified. First, we validated a new fMRI paradigm designed to dissociate the components of the cortico-limbic circuit, that is, the dorsal cognitive circuit intertwined with the ventral affective circuit. We found that the amygdala and its connections to the dorsal circuit was engaged by bottom-up emotional processing. The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and its connections to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and amygdala, was recruited by top-down resolution of emotional conflict. The DLPFC and its connections to dorsal ACC was engaged by top-down attentional control. Secondly, we investigated the impact of anxiety on the circuit. We demonstrated that higher levels of anxiety were associated with stronger conflict-related activation in ACC but with reduced connectivity between ACC and LPFC. Finally, we examined the variation in functional activity and connectivity in schizophrenia patients. In patients compared to controls, bottom-up processes were associated with reduced functional interaction between the amygdala and both dorsal and ventral ACC as well as DLPFC. Top-down resolution of emotional conflict led to stronger functional connectivity between the dorsal ACC and both ventral parts of ACC and DLPFC. Increased top-down attentional control caused higher functional coupling between the DLPFC and ventral ACC
6
Cohen, Candie. "Rôle du noyau subthalamique dans les processus motivationnels et la dépendance à la cocaïne." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/3441/.
Abstract:
Le circuit mésolimbique est depuis longtemps connu pour son implication dans la dépendance à la cocaïne du fait que la drogue augmente directement la transmission dopaminergique de l'aire tegmentale ventrale (ATV) vers le striatum ventral. Le noyau subthalamique (NST), bien connu pour son rôle dans les processus moteurs en servant de relai aux voies des ganglions de la base pourrait, de plus, être intégré au circuit mésolimbique du fait de sa connectivité aux structures limbiques telles que le pallidum ventral ou le cortex préfrontal. De plus, l'inactivation de ce noyau, par lésion ou stimulation haute fréquence (SHF), diminue les comportements compulsifs, ainsi que la motivation incitative pour la cocaïne (évaluée grâce au paradigme de préférence de place conditionnée (PPC) et au test de ratio progressif). Au contraire, elle augmente la motivation incitative pour les récompenses naturelles. Cet effet opposé conduit à l'hypothèse selon laquelle le NST pourrait être une cible pour le traitement de la dépendance à la cocaïne puisque le but de ce traitement est de diminuer la motivation pour la drogue sans diminuer la motivation pour les récompenses naturelles. Cependant, dans les expériences précédentes, les rats étaient restreints en nourriture quand ils étaient testés sur leur motivation pour nourriture alors qu'ils ne l'étaient pas quand ils étaient testés sur leur motivation pour la cocaïne. Donc, pour contrôler cette condition, nous avons testé si des rats NST lésés nourris ad libitum continueraient de présenter une augmentation de leur motivation pour la nourriture. Nous avons montré que les effets de la lésion du NST sur la motivation pour la nourriture sont indépendants de la condition de nourrissage des animaux. Une seconde expérience a été réalisée afin d'observer si les effets de la SHF du NST sur la motivation pour la cocaïne et la nourriture sont modulés en fonction de l'intégrité de la voie nigrostriée. Les résultats préliminaires révèlent que la réduction de la motivation pour la cocaïne après SHF du NST est indépendante de l'intégrité de la voie nigrostriée. En revanche, l'augmentation de la motivation pour la nourriture semble dépendre de son intégrité. De plus, de manière surprenante, nous montrons que la lésion de la voie nigrostriée augmente la motivation incitative pour la nourriture mais n'a pas d'effet sur celle pour la cocaïne. Ces résultats supportent l'idée que différents circuits sont recrutés par la motivation pour la nourriture vs. Pour la cocaïne. Pour tester l'hypothèse selon laquelle le NST pourrait constituer une cible pour le traitement de la dépendance à la cocaïne, nous avons également examiné si la lésion du NST pourrait avoir des effets préventifs et curatifs sur l'escalade de prise de cocaïne, observée lorsque les rats ont un accès long (6h) à des sessions d'auto-administration. Nous avons montré que la lésion du NST prévient l'escalade. De plus, elle diminue la consommation des animaux, une fois l'escalade installée, suggérant ainsi un effet curatif de la lésion du NST. Comme la cocaïne a des effets anxiogènes, nous nous sommes demandés si ces effets pourraient avoir été potentialisés par la lésion du NST, entraînant une réduction des visites de l'environnement associé à la cocaïne dans les expériences de PPC. Nous avons donc testé l'effet de la lésion du NST sur l'anxiété induite par la cocaïne à l'aide d'un test de labyrinthe en croix surélevé. La lésion n'avait pas d'effet après une injection de cocaïne (10mg/kg). Cependant, après 4 injections de cocaïne (reproduisant le niveau d'injection du PPC), la lésion du NST diminuait le nombre d'entrées dans les différentes parties du labyrinthe, alors que, sans lésion, ces injections produisaient une augmentation de ce nombre. Egalement, alors que l'exploration des bras ouverts était réduite dans le temps pour le groupe contrôle, elle ne l'était pas pour le groupe NST. Ces résultats suggèrent que la lésion du NST n'aurait pas modifié les effets anxiogènes de la cocaïne mais aurait augmenté ses effets psychomoteurs. En conclusion, ma thèse prouve que le NST joue un rôle dans les processus opposants qui servent à diminuer les effets psychomoteurs de la cocaïne après des administrations prolongées. Ceci est en accord avec la place anatomo-fonctionnelle du NST dans les circuits des ganglions de la base puisque le NST est le seul noyau capable de s'opposer à la desinhibition des structures de sorties induite par l'augmentation de l'influx dopaminergique lors de prises abusives de cocaïneThe mesolimbic circuit has long been implicated in cocaine addiction since this drug directly increases dopaminergic transmission from ventral tegmental area (VTA) to ventral striatum. The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is well known for its role in motor processes (working as a relay for basal ganglia pathways). In addition, it might be a part of the mesolimbic circuit as it is branched to limbic structures such as ventral pallidum or prefrontal cortex. Moreover, inactivating the STN by lesion or high frequency stimulation (HFS) decreases compulsive behaviors and incentive motivation for cocaine (assessed in conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm and in the progressive ratio test). In contrast it increases the motivation for natural reward. This opposite effect lead to the hypothesis that STN could be a target to cure cocaine addiction, since the goal to treat cocaine addiction is to decrease the motivation for the drug without diminishing motivation for natural rewards. However, rats tested in those experiments were deprived when tested for food motivation while they were not when tested for cocaine motivation. Thus, in order to control deprivation condition, we have tested whether or not rats feed ad libitum would still show enhanced motivation for food. We have shown that the effect of STN lesion on food motivation is independent of feeding condition. A second experiment using dopaminergic depletion allowed to show that the effects of STN HFS on motivation for cocaine and food are differentially modulated by the nigrostriatal pathway integrity. Preliminary results revealed that reduced motivation for cocaine after STN HFS is independent of the nigrostriatal pathway integrity. In contrast, increased motivation for food after STN HFS seems to depend of dopaminergic system integrity. Moreover, surprisingly, we show that lesioning the nigrostriatal pathway enhanced incentive motivation for food but had no effect on incentive motivation for cocaine as measured in the CPP paradigm. These results support the idea that motivation for food vs. Cocaine recruit different circuits. To test the hypothesis that STN could be a target to treat cocaine addiction, we also examined whether or not lesioning the STN can have preventative or curative effects on escalation of cocaine intake while rats are exposed in long-access (6h) self-administration sessions. We have shown that STN lesions prevent escalation of cocaine consumption. In addition, we have also shown that STN lesions decrease consumption in animals that have escalated in their cocaine intake, thus validating a curative effect of the STN lesion. Since cocaine can have anxiogenic effects, we wondered whether these effects could have been potentiated by the STN lesion to reduce the visits to the environment paired with cocaine in the CPP experiments. To address this issue, we have tested the effect of STN lesion on anxiety induced by cocaine, using an elevated plus maze. No effect of STN lesion was found after one cocaine injection (10mg/kg i. P. ). However, after four injections of cocaine (mimicking the CPP schedule), STN lesioned rats showed a decrease of the number of entries in the different parts of the maze, while the controls showed an increase of this number. In addition, while exploration of open arms was reduced in time in the control group, it was not in STN rats. Those results suggest that lesioning the STN could not have increased the anxiogenic effect of the drug, but could have increased its psychomotor effect. In conclusion, my thesis evidences a role for STN in opponent processes serving to decrease psychomotor effect of the cocaine after prolonged administration. This is in accordance with anatomo- functional placement of the STN in basal ganglia circuitry, as STN is the sole nucleus able to counteract output structure desinhibition induced by the increased of dopamine flux during cocaine binge
7
Handouzi, Wahida. "Traitement d'information mono-source pour la validation objective d'un modèle d'anxiété : application au signal de pression sanguine volumique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0237.
Abstract:
La détection et l’évaluation des émotions sont des domaines qui suscitent un grand intérêt par de nombreuses communautés tant au niveau des sciences humaines que des sciences exactes. Dans cette thèse nous nous intéressons à la reconnaissance de l’anxiété sociale qui est une peur irrationnelle ressentie par une personne lors de toute forme de relation sociale. L’anxiété peut être révélée par un ensemble de traits physiques et physiologiques tels que l’intonation de la voix, les mimiques faciales, l’augmentation du rythme cardiaque, le rougissement… etc. L’avantage de l’utilisation des mesures physiologiques est que les individus ne peuvent pas les manipuler, c’est une source continue de données et chaque émotion est caractérisée par une variation physiologique particulière. Dans ce travail, nous proposons un système de mesure d’anxiété basé sur l’utilisation d’un seul signal physiologique « signal de pression sanguine volumique (Blood volume pulse BVP)». Le choix d’un seul capteur limite la gêne des sujets due au nombre de capteurs. De ce signal nous avons sélectionné des paramètres pertinents représentant au mieux les relations étroites du signal BVP avec le processus émotionnel de l’anxiété. Cet ensemble de paramètres est classé en utilisant les séparateurs à vastes marges SVM. Les travaux engagés dans le domaine de la reconnaissance des émotions utilisent fréquemment, pour support d’information, des données peu fiables ne correspondant pas toujours aux situations envisagées. Ce manque de fiabilité peut être dû à plusieurs paramètres parmi eux la subjectivité de la méthode d’évaluation utilisée (questionnaire, auto-évaluation des sujets, …etc.). Nous avons développé une approche d’évaluation objective des données basée sur les dynamiques des paramètres sélectionnés. La base de données utilisée a été enregistrée dans notre laboratoire dans des conditions réelles acquises sur des sujets présentant un niveau d’anxiété face aux situations sociales et qui ne sont pas sous traitement psychologique. L’inducteur utilisé est l’exposition à des environnements virtuels représentant quelques situations sociales redoutées. L’étape d’évaluation, nous a permis d’obtenir un modèle de données fiable pour la reconnaissance de deux niveaux d’anxiété. Ce modèle a été testé dans une clinique spécialisée dans les thérapies cognitives comportementales (TCC) sur des sujets phobiques. Les résultats obtenus mettent en lumière la fiabilité du modèle construit notamment pour la reconnaissance des niveaux d’anxiété sur des sujets sains ou sur des sujets phobiques ce qui constitue une solution au manque de données dont souffrent les différents domaines de reconnaissancesDetection and evaluation of emotions are areas of great interest in many communities both in terms of human and exact sciences. In this thesis we focus on social anxiety recognition, which is an irrational fear felt by a person during any form of social relationship. Anxiety can be revealed by a set of physical and physiological traits such as tone of voice, facial expressions, increased heart rate, flushing ... etc. The interest to the physiological measures is motivated by them robustness to avoid the artifacts created by human social masking, they are a continuous source of data and each emotion is characterized by a particular physiological variation. In this work, we propose a measurement system based on the use of a single physiological signal "Blood volume pulse BVP". The use of a single sensor limits the subjects’ discomfort. From the BVP signal we selected three relevant features which best represents the close relationship between this signal and anxiety status. This features set is classified using support vector machine SVM. The work undertaken in the field of emotion recognition frequently use, for information support, unreliable data do not always correspond to the situations envisaged. This lack of reliability may be due to several parameters among them the subjectivity of the evaluation method used (self-evaluation questionnaire, subjects…etc.). We have developed an approach to objective assessment of data based on the dynamics of selected features. The used database was recorded in our laboratory under real conditions acquired in subjects with a level of anxiety during social situations and who are not under psychological treatment. The used stimulus is the exposition to virtual environments representing some feared social situations. After the evaluation stage, we obtained a reliable model for the recognition of two levels of anxiety. The latter was tested in a clinic specializing in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on phobic subjects. The results highlight the reliability of the built model specifically for the recognition of anxiety levels in healthy subjects or of phobic subjects, what constitutes a solution to the lack of data affecting different areas of recognition
8
Richard, Augustin. "Implication du striatum et du pallidum ventral dans le traitement de l'information aversive : approche électrophysiologique et pharmacologique chez le primate non-humain." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10318/document.
Abstract:
Les ganglions de la base, auxquels appartiennent le striatum et le globus pallidus, sont un ensemble de structures sous-corticales impliquées dans des fonctions motrices, cognitives et motivationnelles. Il a également été montré qu’ils font partie du système de récompense, système assurant la motivation d’un organisme à initier des comportements d’approche, de façon à obtenir une récompense, puis à renforcer les activités ayant produit ces comportements pour pouvoir les reproduire par la suite, ce qui constitue la base de l’apprentissage instrumental. Or, dans certaines situations, le comportement à initier va dépendre d’une motivation à fuir ou à éviter un événement ou une situation aversive. Longtemps, on a pensé que le système du traitement des informations aversives était distinct de celui de la récompense, en termes de réseau et de régions cérébrales. Pourtant, de plus en plus d’études montrent à présent que les ganglions de la base ont certainement un rôle à jouer, non négligeable, dans le traitement des situations aversives. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous avons réalisé chez le primate non-humain des enregistrements d’activité neuronale et des perturbations pharmacologiques locales dans deux régions du système de récompense, le striatum antérieur et le pallidum ventral, au cours d’une tâche comportementale nécessitant tour à tour l’initiation de comportements d’approche vers une récompense et de comportements d’évitement d’un événement aversif. Nous avons montré l’existence d’un codage de l’information aversive dans ces régions tant pour un stimulus prédicteur d’un événement aversif, la préparation ou l’initiation d’un comportement d’évitement de cet événement, que pour l’anticipation et la réception de cet événement. Par ailleurs, les expériences de perturbations locales ont démontré qu’une atteinte du fonctionnement normal du striatum antérieur et du pallidum ventral affectait les comportements initiés normalement en contexte aversif. L’ensemble de ces résultats indique clairement que ces deux structures cérébrales, si elles sont impliquées dans la motivation à initier des comportements dirigés vers un but récompensant et l’apprentissage appétitif, le sont aussi dans la motivation aversiveStriatum and globus pallidus belong to the basal ganglia, which are a group of subcortical structures involved in motor, cognitive and motivational functions. They are also involved in the reward system which enables one’s motivation to initiate approach behaviors in order to get a reward and then consolidate activities that have produced these behaviors. This represents instrumental learning basis. However, in some situations, the behavior to be initiated depends on a motivation to escape or avoid an aversive situation. For a long time, it was thought that aversive information processing system and reward system depended on different networks and cerebral regions. Yet, a growing number of studies tend to show that basal ganglia certainly play an important role in aversive information processing. In this thesis, we recorded neuronal activity and performed local pharmacological perturbations in non-human primates, in two structures of the reward system, anterior striatum and ventral pallidum, while performing a behavioral task requiring them to initiate alternatively approach behaviors toward a reward and avoidance behaviors from an aversive event. We showed aversive information coding for the predictive stimulus, preparation and initiation of the avoidance behavior and anticipation and response to the aversive events. Furthermore, local perturbation experiments demonstrated that a functional impairment of the anterior striatum and the ventral pallidum affects the behaviors usually initiated by the animals in aversive context. Put together, these results clearly show that these two cerebral structures are involved in both appetitive and aversive motivations
9
Castor, Naomie. "Les déterminants de la récupération chez des patients traumatisés crâniens." Thesis, Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080139/document.
Abstract:
Les pathologies neurologiques sont souvent considérées comme les plus graves et provoquent régulièrement des perturbations cognitives jugées irréversibles. Cependant, certaines affections comme le traumatisme cranio-cérébral et l’accident vasculaire cérébral disposent d’un potentiel de récupération. Ces deux pathologies restent distinctes sur l’étiologie et la population affectée mais sont communes au niveau de la prise en charge et des séquelles existantes. Les différentes recherches effectuées sur la récupération des troubles phasiques et la mise en évidence de facteurs pronostics dans les perturbations langagières, nous ont conduits à effectuer une recherche longitudinale sur les variables de la récupération dans les traumatismes cranio-cérébraux. Compte tenu du potentiel de récupération des accidents vasculaires cérébraux, nous avons effectué une recherche comparative entre les deux pathologies. L’analyse des liens entre les états dépressifs, les états anxieux, l’estime de soi, le coping, la résilience, les performances cognitives, les soins dispensés et l’anosognosie nous a permis d’appréhender les facteurs de récupération présents dans les deux affections. Les résultats de cette étude révèlent des performances cognitives similaires entre les sujets cérébro-lésés ainsi que la possibilité d’une récupération pour chacune des pathologiques. Nos résultats ont également montré une récupération identique, indiquant ainsi que quelle que soit la pathologie, nos sujets récupèrent de la même manièreNeurological pathologies are frequently considered as serious and generate cognitive disabilities irreversible. However some diseases as traumatic brain injury and stroke have a recovery potential. These pathologies are different concerning etiology and people who are suffer but similar about medical care and sequelae. The different researches related to the recovery of language disorders and prognostic variables exposure, led us to realize a longitudinal study on recovery variables on traumatic brain injury. Considering the potential recovery of stroke, we have effected a comparative research between both pathologies. Correlational analyses between depression, anxiety, self-esteem, resilience, coping, abilities cognitive, medical care and anosognosia have exposed the determinants of recovery in traumatic brain injury and stroke. The results of this study show identical cognitive performances between patients and also a recovery for both disease. Recovery was similar for patients, which means regardless pathologies, patients recover in same way
10
Harris, Rachel Armstrong. "Stress : the physiology and psychology of a training situation." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/2350.
Abstract:
This thesis describes a study that aimed to assess the psychophysiological effects of offshore survival training, and to investigate whether responses of trainees differed according to age. A group of 99 subjects, randomly selected from across a wide age range, volunteered and subsequently were monitored during the training. The sample population were split into 2 groups according to the training course attended, refresher or combined survival and fire fighting course. Physiological and psychological measurements, chosen as indicators of stress, were performed on these subjects. Attention was centred on 4 particular events: helicopter underwater escape training (HUET); simulated platform abandonment using totally enclosed motor propelled survival craft; simulated platform abandonment into liferafts; and self rescue from a smoke filled room. State anxiety and urinary free cortisol were assessed early on each morning. Anxiety was also measured before the 4 chosen events. Early morning anxiety and urinary free cortisol were observed to peak on the first day of training, then each showed a very similar pattern of a decline to a plateau. On assessing all combined subjects' anxiety scores in sequence, values were found to be relatively lower towards the end of the course. These results suggested that subjects suffered from pre-course apprehensions that may have caused elevations in anxiety scores during the course. It was also found that subjects with high urinary free cortisol values on day 1, had relatively higher heart rates later in the course. Despite variation between the training courses, very similar mean heart rates were recorded in combined and refresher subjects. Relatively elevated heart rates were detected during the HUET brief. This was proposed to be the result of psychological activation, probably anxiety. Indicators of links among physiological and psychological measures were thus detected. Stronger and more consistent relationships may have been observed had more extensive data been available. Age effects were also detected, older refreshers had lower levels of anxiety, but found the course relatively more demanding. The lower anxiety levels were proposed to result from older refreshers having more training experience.
11
Schulz, Stefan M. "Mediators of Social Anxiety : External Social Threat-Cues vs. Self-Related Negative Cognitions." kostenfrei, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-44684.
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Lepicard, Eve. "Anxiété et contôle de l'équilibre : D'un fait psychopathologique à la modélisation expérimentale chez la souris." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA070019.
Abstract:
De nombreuses études chez l'homme ont fait état d'une relation entre troubles anxieux et dysfonctions du contrôle de l'équilibre. Une non-congruence des informations visuelles, vestibulaires et somesthésiques au niveau de leur intégration pourrait être à l'origine des ces perturbations. Très peu de procédures animales ont été mises au point pour étudier le lien fonctionnel entre anxiété et contrôle de l'équilibre. C'est pourquoi nous avons développé une tâche qui permet de perturber les trois systèmes sensoriels visuel, vestibulaire et, somesthésique chez la souris. Ce test, appelé "la barre tournante" permet une évaluation fine des perturbations du contrôle de l'équilibre et de la posture engendrées par les conditions expérimentales. Le pourcentage de souris qui chutent, le nombre de déséquilibres, l'élévation du tronc et de la queue de l'animal par rapport à la barre sont autant de mesures sensibles qui ont permis la caractérisation comportementale de plusieurs lignées de souris ; D'importantes différences ont été ainsi observées entre deux lignées de souris consanguines connues pour leur niveau d'anxiété très contrasté. La lignée très anxieuse, BALB/cByJ, a obtenu de très mauvaises performances au contraire de la lignée très peu anxieuse, C57BL/6J. Le contrôle de l'équilibre ainsi que les capacités posturales des souris anxieuses ont été améliorés par un traitement anxiolytique en aigu (diazépam à faible dose). A l'opposé, les réponses comportementales des souris très peu anxieuses ont été fortement détériorées par un traitement anxiogénique en aigu (bêta-CCM). Ces résultats montrent une importante relation entre l'anxiété et le contrôle de l'équilibre, relation à laquelle contribue le système de neuromédiation GABAergique. En conclusion, la procédure de la barre tournante semble adéquate il pour l'étude approfondie des liens fonctionnels existant entre anxiété et processus sensori-moteurs et cognitifs mis en jeu dans le contrôle de l'équilibreMismatch in the neural integration of sensory inputs can induce disturbances in space perception and balance control in human. Non-congruence between expectation and reality of sensory inputs has also been shown to possibly generating anxiety. As the underlying mechanisms of this phenomenon are still unclear, a procedure called the "rotating beam" could allow investigation in the mice. This study needed first a control of the sensorimotor abilities of the two inbred strains used in the experiment: one anxious strain, BALB/cByJ and one non anxious, C57BL/6J. The neurological assessment consisted in testing different reflexes, the vestibular function and the motor coordination. No significant difference were found between the two strains which display normal sensorimotor abilities. The same inbred strains were used in the second experiment, the "rotating beam". After a training session, 3 month-old male mice had to walk across an horizontal cylindrical metal bar to reach a platform. During the second day of test, the bar rotated with a constant velocity. Performance was assessed by the number of falls and the number of imbalances. Posture was also analysed in terms of the elevation of the body (tail excluded) relative to the beam and the position of the tai!. During the test session, number of imbalances and percentage of mice falling were higher for BALB/cByJ than in the C57BL/6J. Moreover, a striking difference in body posture between the two strains existed when the mice were on the bar. In conclusion, despite equal sensorimotor abilities, C57BL/6J and BALB/cByJ, mice have different adaptations in our "rotating beam" test. Based on two genetically-defined mouse strains, our results suggest that postural ability and balance control of the mouse are associated with anxiety
13
Warner, Judith Catherine. "Biology and Environment, Mothers and Infants: Linking Stress Physiology, Depression, Anxiety and Attachment." Thesis, Griffith University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365334.
Abstract:
The last two decades have seen research on early life experiences expand to include the prenatal environment and, more specifically, examination of the effects of prenatal maternal mental health on foetal and infant development. Cortisol, the hormonal end product of the Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) Axis, has been identified as one mechanism associated independently with stress, pregnancy and mental health, which can account for changes during foetal development. In the postpartum, these early life experiences may serve as protective or risk factors for the infant. The longitudinal study conducted here examined nulliparous pregnant women (N = 40, Mage = 30.5, SD = 5.27) and their infants commencing during the first trimester of pregnancy until 12 months after birth, with the aim of identifying potentially modifiable mother-infant characteristics associated with mothers' mental health, infant stress physiology and attachment.
The longitudinal study was subdivided into four studies. First, in Study 1A, concurrent and prospective associations between maternal stress (cortisol and self-report of daily stress), coping, and mental health were examined across the three trimesters of pregnancy. Mothers completed questionnaires and gave saliva samples during each trimester of pregnancy and overall the findings showed the important role of coping in modulating baseline cortisol levels and anxiety in the face of daily stressors during pregnancy.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology (PhD ClinPsych)
School of Applied Psychology
Griffith Health
Full Text
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Sanders, Ashley F. P. "Working Memory Impairments in Chromosome 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: The Roles of Anxiety and Stress Physiology." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2016. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2191.
Abstract:
Stress and anxiety negatively impact the working memory system by competing for executive resources. Broad memory deficits have been reported in individuals with chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS). We investigated anxiety and physiological stress reactivity in relation to visuospatial working memory impairments in 20 children with 22q11.2DS and 32 typically developing children (M = 11.10 years, SD = 2.95). Results indicate reduced post-stress RSA recovery and overall increased levels of cortisol in children with 22q11.2DS. Additionally, anxiety mediated the relationship between 22q11.2DS and visuospatial working memory impairment. However, there was no indication that stress response physiology mediated this association. Results suggest that anxiety exacerbates impaired working memory in children with 22q11.2DS. Thus, treatment and intervention methods for children with 22q11.2DS should address anxiety related symptomology.
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Curzon-Jones, Benjamin T. "The relationship between anxiety, gaze direction and increased falls risk in walking older adults." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6889/.
Abstract:
Older adults at a high-risk of falling tend to look away from a current stepping target in order to look at obstacles ahead. This early gaze transfer impairs the accuracy of stepping. It has previously been shown that this maladaptive gaze behaviour is associated with increased anxiety. This thesis aimed to elucidate the causal relationships between anxiety, sub-optimal gaze behaviour and increased falls risk in older adults. In separate experiments we manipulated experimental conditions to: 1) increase older participants anxiety via Social Evaluative Threat 2) reduce anxiety via relaxation exercises and 3) alter the extent to which participants previewed obstacles and walking goals via a gaze training intervention. Increasing older adults’ anxiety resulted in reduced stepping performance, and a measured reduction in anxiety was accompanied by increased stepping performance. There were few effects on eye movement timing characteristics suggesting that these changes in stepping behaviour were not mediated by altered gaze strategies. Route previewing intervention resulted in significant changes to older adults’ gaze behaviour, and improved self-confidence and stepping performance. These findings highlight the possibility of using interventions aimed at reducing anxiety and/or guiding gaze behaviour to address falls-risk in older adults.
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Holterman, Leigh Ann. "Peer Victimization and the Development of Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms: The Roles of Stress Physiology and Gender." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2016. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/460.
Abstract:
The overall goal of the current study was to determine whether experiences of relational and physical victimization were related to anxiety and depressive symptoms in a sample of emerging adults. This study also investigated whether these associations were moderated by gender, as well as by sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) reactivity to peer stress. Although work in this area has focused on children (e.g., Cullerton-Sen & Crick, 2005; Rudolph et al., 2009), it appears the presence and function of victimization changes with age, and the negative effects of victimization can last through early adulthood (e.g., Gros et al., 2010; Kumpulainen et al., 1999; Roth et al., 2002). Despite the potential for victimization to influence outcomes in emerging adults, research on these associations is lacking in this age group (Heilbron & Prinstein, 2008). A goal of the current study was to examine these processes in an older sample. Additionally, as individuals may react to peer victimization differently, factors that may help explain these differences were investigated. Specifically, evidence suggests that the interaction of the SNS and the PNS may serve as a moderator in the relationship between stressors and adjustment outcomes (Cummings et al., 2007; El-Sheikh et al., 2009; ObradoviÄ? et al., 2010). Further, research suggests that different patterns of interaction of the SNS and the PNS provide important information in the prediction of adjustment outcomes (El-Sheikh et al., 2009) and that both systems must be examined in order to more fully understand the relationship between physiological reactivity and adjustment outcomes (Beauchaine, 2001). Thus, in the current study, the interaction between two physiological measures, SNS reactivity to stress (as measured by skin conductance reactivity [SCL-R]) and PNS reactivity to stress (as measured by respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA-R]), was examined as a moderator of the association between peer victimization and adjustment outcomes. The moderating role of gender was also examined.
Two hundred and forty-six emerging adults participated in the current study (74% female; Mage = 18.77) and were recruited from introductory psychology courses at a northeastern public university. Participants' SCL-R and RSA-R were assessed using a stress protocol during which they discussed an experience of relational victimization (e.g., being left out). Levels of relational and physical victimization, anxiety and depressive symptoms, and gender were gathered using self-report.
Findings suggested that both physical and relational victimization were related to both anxiety and depressive symptoms. Additionally, females were more likely to experience relational victimization than males, while males were more likely to experience physical victimization than females. Relational victimization was related to depressive symptoms only in individuals demonstrating coactivation (i.e., blunted RSA withdrawal and increased SCL-R) and coinhibition (i.e., RSA withdrawal and blunted SCL-R) patterns of stress reactivity, although the interaction for this effect only approached conventional levels of statistical significance. These patterns may have emerged as a result of the breakdown of regulation in the physiological response to stress, with either the SNS or the PNS failing to perform adequately (El- Sheikh & Erath, 2011; El-Sheikh et al., 2009). These findings suggest that experiences of victimization are related to negative adjustment outcomes in emerging adults, as well as highlight potential areas that may serve as mechanisms for future interventions.
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Ajibewa, Tiwaloluwa Adedamola. "Role of anxiety on vascular dysfunction." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3035.
Abstract:
High anxiety is associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD), in particular, atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. However, the mechanisms by which anxiety contributes to the development of CVD are unclear. Unlike other common psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety and its effects on CVD risk has not been studied extensively. Moreover, whether elevated anxiety is associated with arterial stiffness and vascular endothelial dysfunction, biomarkers of CVD risk, in healthy adults and whether a psychological intervention designed to lower anxiety levels in healthy adults with moderate to high baseline anxiety levels ameliorates vascular dysfunction remains unclear. The purpose of this study was twofold; first to determine the extent to which moderate to high anxiety levels are associated with vascular dysfunction including aortic stiffness as measured by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV), carotid artery stiffness via ultrasound-based β-stiffness index, and forearm resistance artery function measured as peak forearm blood flow using venous occlusion plethysmograph (VOP). Secondly, to determine whether the empirically validated Acceptance and Commitment Training (ACT) anxiety intervention improved vascular function after 12 weeks and if this was associated with reductions in anxiety in adults with moderate to high baseline anxiety levels.
Our results indicated that there was no association between increased anxiety levels and any of the three vascular outcomes of interest. Conversely, there was an association between the ACT intervention participation and improvement in forearm resistance artery function independent of age, sex, education, race/ethnicity, BMI and STAI Trait anxiety. Taken together, these data suggest that although higher State and Trait anxiety was not associated with aortic stiffness, carotid stiffness or forearm resistance artery function, and the ACT intervention was associated with improved peripheral resistance artery function. Additional studies are needed to determine whether this effect occurs earlier than 12 weeks and sustained longer that 12 weeks, and whether it occurs in adults with CVD risk factors (i.e. atherosclerosis), non-white racial/ethnic backgrounds and in resistance vessel function in response to intra-arterial vasoactive agonists such as acetylcholine.
18
Mettrick, Jon George. "Test anxiety and coping with evaluation." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1998. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1512.
19
Dalton, Melissa D. "EFFECTS OF SELF-DIRECTED PHYSIOLOGICAL MONITORING ON THERAPISTS ANXIETY." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/hes_etds/3.
Abstract:
This mixed-method study investigated the effects of self-directed physiological monitoring on therapists anxiety. Ten therapists participated in a10-week physiological monitoring training sessions while monitoring respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) and heart rate variability (HRV). The participants completed the state-trait anxiety inventory questionnaire after having a first, sixth, or tenth therapy session with a client. This was designed to monitor their state anxiety while working with clients. A series of paired sampled t-tests was conducted to assess changes in HRV, RSA, trait anxiety, and state anxiety. One significant result was found: the RSA of the therapist increased significantly. Correlations existed between the HRV of the therapist increasing and the trait anxiety of the therapist decreasing through RSA training sessions although they were not significant at the .05 level.
20
Lemay, Francis. "Anxiété, éthylisme, motivation et performance cognitive à la suite d'une réduction de la sérotonine cérébrale chez les souris mutantes TPH2." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30482/30482.pdf.
Abstract:
Les troubles affectifs tels que l’anxiété et la dépression majeure sont les troubles psychiatriques les plus diagnostiqués au monde. Parmi leurs causes potentielles figurent le stress chronique et des dysfonctions du système nerveux central, telles que des mutations génétiques. Une mutation de l’enzyme tryptophane hydroxylase 2, responsable de la première étape de la synthèse de la sérotonine cérébrale, a été associée chez l’humain à une forme sévère de dépression majeure à comorbidités multiples. La présente thèse propose d’étudier les effets comportementaux de cette mutation chez la souris. Dans un premier article, deux paradigmes expérimentaux servent à évaluer l’anxiété de souris mutantes (HO) et de souris contrôles (WT) et une tâche d’apprentissage spatial mesure la performance cognitive de ces souris. La réaction anxieuse et les performances cognitives des souris sont également observées suite à un stress chronique récent de contention d’une durée de deux heures par jour, pendant quatre jours consécutifs. Le second article examine la motivation des souris HO à consommer du sucrose ou de la quinine, ainsi que leur préférence pour l’alcool et leur motivation à en consommer. Les expériences effectuées démontrent que les souris HO sont plus anxieuses et présentent des déficits de performance cognitive plus importants que les souris WT. Ces dernières réagissent au stress chronique par des comportements anxieux et des performances cognitives similaires à ceux des souris HO non stressées. Les souris HO ne sont pas affectées par le stress. La motivation appétitive (sucrose) et aversive (quinine) des souris HO ne diffère pas de celle des souris WT et leur préférence pour l’alcool est la même. Cependant, lorsque la solution d’alcool est mélangée à de la quinine, la rendant amère et aversive, les souris HO en consomment davantage que les souris WT, ce qui suggère une motivation accrue pour l’alcool. Ces résultats renforcent l’idée qu’un lien entre l’anxiété et la consommation d’alcool serait modulé par la sérotonine et suggèrent que les déficits cognitifs consécutifs à une réduction de la sérotonine sont modulés en partie par l’anxiété résultante. Les implications de l’absence de réponse au stress des souris HO sont également discutées.Affective disorders such as anxiety and major depression are the most frequently diagnosed psychiatric disorders in the world. Among their potential causes are chronic stress and central nervous system dysfunctions, such as genetic mutations. A mutation in the rate limiting enzyme of brain serotonin synthesis, tryptophan hydroxylase 2, was associated with a severe form of major depression with multiple comorbidities in humans. The present thesis proposes to study the behavioral effects of this mutation in mice. In a first article, the anxiety level of mutant mice (HO) was assessed using two experimental paradigms. Their cognitive performances were also observed using a spatial learning task. Then, the anxious reactions and cognitive performances of mice were assessed following a recent restraint chronic stress which lasted two hours per day for four straight days. In a second article, their motivation to drink sucrose or quinine, as well as their preference for alcohol and their motivation for drinking it in aversive conditions were assessed. The experiments demonstrate that HO mice were more anxious and presented deficits in cognitive performances when compared to mice not carrying the mutation (WT). WT mice reacted to chronic stress by showing anxious behaviors and cognitive performances similar to those of unstressed HO mice, whereas HO were not affected by stress. The motivation of HO mice did not differ from that of WT for sucrose and quinine, and their preference for alcohol was similar. However, when the alcohol solution was mixed with quinine, making it bitter and aversive, HO mice consumed more of it than WT, suggesting a higher level of motivation for alcohol. These results reinforce the notion that the link between anxiety and alcohol consumption is modulated by serotonin and suggest that cognitive deficits observed following serotonin reduction would be partly modulated by the resulting anxiety. The implications of HO mice’s absence of response to chronic stress are also discussed.
21
Turri, Maria Grazia. "Mapping of behavioural quantitative trait loci." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:89823fa1-c1d3-49e3-acb9-46da18b12245.
Abstract:
Anxiety is a common disorder which affects about 25% of the population and whose pathophysiology is still poorly understood. Animal models of disease have been widely used to investigate the molecular basis of human disorders, including psychiatric illnesses. This thesis is about the study of the genetic basis of a mouse model of anxiety. I have carried out a QTL mapping study of behavioural measures thought to model anxiety. I report results from 1,636 mice, assessed for a large number of phenotypes in five ethological tests. Mice belonged to two F2 intercrosses originated by four lines generated in a replicate selection experiment. By comparing mapping results between the two crosses, I have demonstrated that selection operated on the same relatively small number of loci in the four selected lines. Analysis of genetic effect of QTL across phenotypes has allowed me to identify loci with specific roles on different dimensions of anxious behaviour, therefore enhancing our understanding of the anxiety phenotype in mice. For some of these QTL I have also accomplished fine mapping experiments: a locus on chromosome 15 is now contained in an interval of only 3 centimorgans. This work is the basis for further molecular dissection of the genetic loci that underlie anxiety and provides a starting point for the discovery of genes involved in a common psychiatric condition.
22
Rowe, Jack E. "Effect of inspiration to expiration ratio on autonomic arousal /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9842562.
23
Willmann, Magali. "Modifications végétatives, somatiques et de l'état d'anxiété en réponse à un stress modéré : influence de caractéristiques individuelles ou situationnelles." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0399/document.
Abstract:
L'exposition à une situation de stress entraine des réactions cognitives, affectives, physiologiques et comportementales. Ce travail de thèse s'est attaché à examiner des réponses affectives et physiologiques induites par une situation de stress modéré, plus particulièrement l'état d'anxiété et la tension musculaire, et a également considéré les caractéristiques de la situation et le trait d'anxiété des individus. Une première étude a montré chez des individus de traits d'anxiété différents une réactivité physiologique similaire au cours de la situation stressante, bien que les individus de trait d'anxiété "haut" aient rapporté un état d'anxiété plus élevé que les individus de trait d'anxiété "bas". En revanche, après la situation stressante, les individus de trait d'anxiété "haut" ont montré un délai dans la récupération de certains paramètres végétatifs et musculaires. Ces résultats ont suggéré que des différences dans les réponses physiologiques entre des individus de traits d'anxiété différents pourraient émerger au cours de la période de récupération. Ainsi, les réponses, qu'elles soient affectives ou physiologiques, pourraient dépendre du niveau de trait d'anxiété des individus. Les deux autres études ont montré chez des individus de trait d'anxiété homogène soumis à la situation stressante des patrons d'activation musculaire différents selon les muscles. Ces résultats ont suggéré un lien entre les différentes réponses musculaires et le rôle fonctionnel des muscles. Par ailleurs, les résultats ont montré une diminution de l'état d'anxiété et de ces réponses musculaires au cours d'une deuxième exposition à la situation stressante, excepté pour le muscle trapèze qui semble avoir une réactivité particulière liée à sa fonction. Toutefois, l'adaptation des réponses des différents muscles et de l'état d'anxiété suggère que les réponses affectives et musculaires pourraient être influencées par les caractéristiques de la situation (nouveauté et répétition). Finalement, l'ensemble de ces résultats suggère qu'il est important de considérer les caractéristiques de l'environnement et la personnalité des individus dans l'étude des réponses affectives et physiologiques en situation de stressExposure to stressful situations is typically associated with cognitive, affective, physiological and behavioral responses. The aim of this work was to examine the affective and physiological responses to moderate stress, particularly state anxiety and muscle tension and also to consider the characteristics of the situation and the trait anxiety of the subjects.Our results showed that high anxious subjects have a higher level of state-anxiety than low anxious subjects during the stressful task, but no difference in physiological reactivity has been found between both groups. However, after exposure to the stressful situation, high anxious subjects have delayed physiological recovery. This suggests that physiological differences might emerge during the recovery period according to trait anxiety level. Thus, affective and physiological responses could depend on trait anxiety level. Furthermore, our results showed in individuals with homogeneous trait anxiety level that muscle tension induced by the stressful situation could differ depending on the muscles. This result suggests a relationship between the different muscular responses and the functional role of the muscles. Moreover, the results showed that state anxiety and these muscular responses decrease during a second exposure to the same stressful situation, except for the trapezius muscle which seems to have a particular reactivity to the stressor. However, adaptation of these muscular modifications and of state anxiety suggests that affective and muscular responses could be influenced by the characteristics of the situation (novelty and repetition).In conclusion, these findings highlight the importance of considering the environmental characteristics and the personality trait of individuals in research on stress responses
24
Jane, Sui-Whi. "Effects of a full-body massage on pain intensity, anxiety, and physiologic relaxation in Taiwanese patients with metastatic bone pain : a pilot study /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7241.
25
Frew, Ashley. "The influence of discouragement, anxiety and anger on pain : an examination of the role of endogenous opioids /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2004. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20050930.111852.
26
MacNeil, Glenda (Glenda Marie). "Stressor exposure and intraventricular cholecystokinin (CCK-8) administration in the light dark box model of anxiety in CD-1 mice; possible cross-sensitization." Ottawa, 1996.
27
Drouin-Maziade, Christine. "Influence des processus motivationnels sur la mémoire de travail chez les enfants TDA/H avec ou sans anxiété comorbide." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26618/26618.pdf.
28
Davis, Joseph E. "Interpreting direction of anxiety within Hanin's individual zone of optimal functioning /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9953855.
29
Caldji, Christian. "Early environmental regulation of neural systems mediating fearfulness." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103367.
Abstract:
Postnatal handling of rat litters during the first week of life greatly decreases behavioural fearfulness to novelty in the adult offspring. Our first question was to what extent the Benzodiazepine/GABAA receptor complex, a system critical for the expression of fear, might be involved in mediating the observed reduced fearfulness in handled animals (H). Benzodiazepine receptor (BZ) binding was reduced in the amygdala and locus coeruleus (LC), regions important for the expression of fear in non-handled (NH) and maternally separated animals (MS). Moreover, levels of the mRNA for the gamma2 sub-unit of the GABAA receptor complex, which confers high affinity BZ binding, were higher in the amygdaloid nuclei as well as in the LC of handled compared with both NH and MS animals.Studies with the handling paradigm have lead to the idea that variations mother-pup interactions may actually be the cause of the handling effects. As adults, the offspring of mothers which exhibited high levels of licking/grooming and arched-back nursing (LG-ABN) showed substantially reduced behavioral fearfulness in response to novelty compared to the offspring of low LG-ABN mothers. In addition, the adult offspring of the high and low LGABN mothers showed the same receptor and molecular profiles as H and NH adult offspring. Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) and alpha2 norepinephrine receptor levels, additional receptor systems thought to be important in the expression of fearfulness, differed in these animals too. Adoption studies give further support to the maternal hypothesis in the finding that the expression mRNA for the gamma2 sub-unit of the GABAA receptor complex can be differentially expressed as a result of different offspring to mother combinations.
Taken together, these findings suggest that early life events (ie: naturally occurring differences in maternal care) during the first few days of life have long-term effects on the development of central neurotransmitter systems, which mediate the expression of fearfulness to novelty.
30
Fu, Chang-Chi Musetta. "Music therapy and women's health effects of music-assisted relaxation on women graduate students' stress and anxiety levels /." Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.
31
Henderson, Fiona. "Régulation du sommeil et de l’anxiété par VGLUT3, le transporteur vésiculaire du glutamate de type 3." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS136.
Abstract:
Des troubles du sommeil sont fréquemment associés à des maladies psychiatriques. Cependant, les mécanismes neuronaux qui sous-tendent les liens sommeil/émotions restent mal caractérisés. La démonstration récente que les neurones 5-HT, impliqués dans ces mécanismes, peuvent également libérer du glutamate grâce à la présence du transporteur vésiculaire du glutamate de type 3 (VGLUT3) permet de reconsidérer les processus neuronaux reliant états de vigilance et comportements émotionnels. Mon projet vise à définir le rôle de VGLUT3 dans la régulation de l’anxiété et du sommeil, cela en lien avec la 5-HT et identifier les mécanismes mis en jeu. J’ai caractérisé les comportements de type anxieux et les cycles veille/sommeil de modèles murins mutés pour VGLUT3. Pour modéliser les liens émotions/sommeil, les souris mutantes ont été soumises à un stress psychologique, une contention aiguë ou psychosocial, la défaite sociale chronique. J’ai ensuite étudié plus précisément le rôle de la signalisation glutamatergique dans les neurones 5-HT. Pour cela, j’ai évalué les conséquences sur le sommeil de l’activation par pharmacogénétique de ces neurones avec ou sans VGLUT3. Par la même approche, la signalisation glutamatergique des neurones VGLUT3 du NRD a également été étudiée. Les données obtenues montrent que les neurones VGLUT3-positifs des noyaux du raphé 1) régulent le sommeil paradoxal en condition basale, 2) modulent l’hyperthermie liée au stress et la régulation du sommeil paradoxal qui suit le stress et 3) sont promoteurs d’éveil en fonction du contexte. Cette étude a ainsi révélé un rôle nouveau pour VGLUT3 des noyaux du raphé dans la régulation du sommeil et la réponse au stressSleep impairment is frequently associated with psychiatric disorders such as depressive- and anxiety-disorders. However, the neuronal underlying mechanisms linking sleep and emotions remain poorly understood. Considerable attention has been devoted to serotonin (5-HT) transmission from the raphe nucleus, which takes part in modulating sleep and mood. Part of these neurons express VGLUT3, the vesicular glutamate transporter type 3, which allows 5-HT neurons to use, in addition to 5-HT, glutamate as a neurotransmitter. Our aim was to assess the role of VGLUT3 in modulating anxiety and sleep, in relation with 5-HT and to identify the underlying mechanisms. Anxiety-like behaviors and sleep/wake were characterized in several mouse models with VGLUT3 deletion in the whole brain, in the anterior raphe nuclei or in 5-HT neurons. To model the links between emotions and sleep, mutant mice underwent a psychological stress, acute restraint stress or a psychosocial stress, the chronic social defeat stress. The role of the glutamatergic signaling in 5-HT neurons was then further assessed. We used a chemogenetic approach to evaluate sleep changes triggered by activation of 5-HT neurons, with VGLUT3 deletion or not. Using the same approach, glutamatergic signaling from VGLUT3-positive neurons of the DRN was also assessed. Our results show that VGLUT3-positive neurons in the raphe 1) regulate rapid eye-movement sleep (REMS) in baseline, 2) control stress-induced hyperthermia and influence REMS changes after stress and 3) promote wake in a context-dependent manner. Thus, this study highlights a new role for VGLUT3 in the raphe nucleus in regulating sleep and stress responses
32
Glynn, Laura M. "The effects of social support and affiliation during the anticipation and recall of stressful events /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9913151.
33
Nelligan, Julie. "Anxiety and autonomic nervous system function during stress and recovery." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1060797984.
Abstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 127 p.; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-105). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
34
Sessford, Karus David. "The effect of anxiety on motor learning during a postural task." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Kinesiology, c2011, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/3122.
Abstract:
The effect of anxiety on motor learning during a balance relevant task was
investigated. Twenty participants (mean age 22.0 ± 2.7 years) were randomly divided
into groups that completed the task whilst standing directly on the platform or on 9cm
high pedestals, thus constructing Non-Anxious (NA) or Anxious (A) environments.
Participants trained for 36 trials in a continuous, pseudo-random oscillating balance task
consisting of pseudo-random amplitude translation at 0.5Hz for 45 seconds each on Day
1 and returned for Retention and Transfer tests on Day 2. Motor performance was
impaired by training in an anxious environment and this effect persisted across retesting
in both non-anxious and anxious environments. Anxiety also tended to further impair
transfer of motor performance improvements to a non-anxious environment. These
findings have implications for the success of balance training programs in patients who
are anxious or afraid of falling.ix, 103 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm
35
Larsen, Caroline, and n/a. "Pheromones, prolactin and maternal behavior : (male pheromones initiate prolactin-induced neurogenesis, decrease anxiety and advance maternal behavior in virgin female mice)." University of Otago. Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20071019.134553.
Abstract:
Maternal behavior in rodents is dependent, at least in part, on prolactin acting in the brain. Pheromones carried by male mouse major urinary proteins lower serum prolactin levels in female mice. Therefore, we hypothesized that virgin female C57BL/6J mice housed in split cages, where they had pheromonal but not physical contact with a male, would show suppressed maternal behavior. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found split-cage housed females were significantly faster to retrieve 3 foster pups on the first and second day of maternal behavior testing compared to mice housed in individual cages. The advancement in maternal behavior was replicated when virgin females were simply exposed to male mouse urine-soaked bedding. Ovariectomising the mice, to remove the influence of steroid hormones, prior to placement in the split cages, prevented the pheromonal advancement of maternal behavior. The data infer that an ovarian steroid-dependent action of male mouse pheromones primes virgin female mice to express maternal behavior more rapidly when mouse pups are introduced.
This effect required greater than 14 days exposure to male pheromones. Male mouse pheromones are reported to suppress prolactin secretion. However, serum prolactin levels in split-caged housed females, where they had pheromonal but not physical contact with a male, were only briefly lowered and became significantly elevated from 24 hours until 72 hours of pheromonal contact. Despite the early increases in prolactin after pheromone exposure, levels were significantly lower in the pheromone-exposed females when maternal behavior was tested after 21 days. It has been previously reported that prolactin is important in the onset of maternal behavior, but is not required for the ongoing maintenance of maternal behavior. We hypothesised that the hyperprolactinemia observed in the first 24-72 hours of pheromonai exposure had subsequently led to the enhanced maternal behavior. To test this we injected a group of individually-housed mice with slow release prolactin for 48 hours to simulate the period of hyperprolactinemia, and blocked prolactin secretion in a group of split-caged housed females with bromocriptine, and tested their maternal behavior 18 days later. The mice injected with prolactin had enhanced maternal behavior, compared to controls injected with a placebo. By contrast, bromocriptine inhibition of prolactin secretion completely prevented the pheromonal enhancement of maternal behavior. This suggests that the pheromonal advancement of maternal behavior is specifically mediated by a 48-hour period of sustained hyperprolactinemia.
It has been previously shown that pregnancy increases neurogenesis in the subventricular zone in a prolactin-dependent manner. Therefore, as the male pheromone-induced advancement of maternal behavior is prolactin-dependent and takes some time to occur, we hypothesized that long-term pheromonal contact initiates mitogenesis in the subventricular zone. Split-caged housed mice showed a significant increase in BrdU-labeled cells in the subventricular zone after 7 days of contact which reduced to baseline levels by 14 days of contact. The mice injected with BrdU on day 7 of contact and killed 21 days later showed a significant increase in labeled cells in the accessory olfactory bulb compared to controls. The data suggest that male mouse pheromones initiate mitogenesis in the subventricular zone of virgin C57B6 mice, in an exposure-dependent manner, and that these cells travel via the rostral migratory stream to the accessory olfactory bulb. As with the effect on maternal behavior, the pheromone-induced increase in neurogenesis was steroid- and prolactin-dependent.
During pregnancy and lactation in rodents, prolactin receptor expression is increased in the MPOA, an adaptive change, which could lead to an increased neuronal response to serum prolactin levels, which are high just prior to parturition, and consequently could underlie the enhanced maternal responses seen in late pregnancy and after parturition. It is known that systemic prolactin can access the brain, but it is also possible that there could be local synthesis of brain prolactin acting in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Therefore we hypothesized that the pheromonal-induced changes in maternal behavior are being mediated by altered prolactin receptor expression/sensitivity and/or increased production of brain prolactin. Using RT-PCR to measure levels of prolactin receptor and prolactin mRNA, we found changed expression of the 3 short forms and the long form of prolactin receptor mRNA in the arcuate nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and MPOA with either exposure to male pheromones or pups. We also found changes in prolactin mRNA in the MPOA and paraventricular nucleus after exposure to pups or male pheromones. The data suggest that altered levels of expression of the receptor, coupled with local production of brain prolactin acting in an autocrine or paracrine manner, may cause a net change in prolactin cell signaling, which leads to adaptive responses which ensure reproductive success.
There is extensive evidence that dopamine is a key neurotransmitter mediating maternal behavior. In addition, there is some evidence that serotonin may also be involved in regulating maternal behavior. Therefore, we hypothesised that the pheromonal-induced changes in maternal behavior would be associated with increased dopaminergic and/or serotonergic neuronal activity in the MPOA and other areas of the brain implicated in maternal behavior expression. Using HPLC to measure levels of dopamine and serotonin and their respective metabolites, we found a significant increase in serotonergic and dopaminergic neuronal activity in the MPOA of virgin female C57BL/6J mice after 24 hours of pheromonal contact. The neuronal activity returned to basal levels after exposure to pups. The data suggest that male mouse pheromones increase serotonergic and dopaminergic neuronal activity in the MPOA, but that dopamine and serotonin levels are tightly regulated within strict parameters dependent on what physical stimuli the female is receiving.
Changes in prolactin levels are associated with altered responses to anxiety. There is an increased risk of anxiety and depression with sustained periods of hyperprolactinemia, and in the postpartum period, where there are fluctuations in prolactin levels, there is an increased risk of mood disorders. As pheromones change both serum and brain prolactin levels and prolactin modulates anxiety, we hypothesised that female mice exposed to pheromones would show altered behavioral responses to a standardized test of anxiety. We found that male pheromone-exposed mice showed decreased levels of anxiety on an elevated plus maze compared to individually housed controls. Female mice exposed to female pheromones displayed 2 disparate responses to the plus maze. One female from each cage showed increased anxiety, while her cage-mate showed decreased anxiety, yet both groups of female mice showed impaired maternal behavior. We infer, that in this model, male pheromones decrease anxiety, but anxiety and expression of maternal behavior are not directly correlated.
The major signal transduction pathway activated by prolactin binding to its receptors in the brain is the JAK/STAT signalling pathway, and in some neurons, in particular, the STAT5B pathway. The expression of prolactin and its receptor affect maternal behavior in mice. Therefore, we hypothesised that if the JAK/STAT STAT5B pathway is involved in maternal behavior, then STAT5B-deficient mice would have altered maternal behavior. We found that there were no significant differences in expression of full maternal behavior between the STAT5B-deficient mice and wild-type controls. The data suggest that STAT5B is not required for normal expression of maternal behavior.
We propose that the prolactin-mediated pheromonal increase in neurogenesis, alteration in monoamine synthesis, and alteration of prolactin and prolactin receptor mRNA levels facilitate expression of enhanced maternal behavior. We further propose that the pheromonal decrease in anxiety does not mediate enhanced maternal behavior. In addition, we propose that prolactin does not mediate maternal behavior through STAT5B. While pheromones have previously been reported to exert powerful actions on the reproductive system, these results demonstrate for the first time that male pheromones potentially complement the prolactin-mediated establishment of maternal behavior.
36
Clinkinbeard, Tiffanie. "CHRONIC PANCREATITIS, PAIN, AND ANXIETY IN AN ALCOHOL AND HIGH FAT MOUSE MODEL." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gerontol_etds/9.
Abstract:
Homeodynamic space (HDS) shrinks as vulnerability increases with aging and repeated damage to the cells. HDS is lost in alcoholic pancreatitis patients due to overconsumption of alcohol, smoking, and high fat diets. Etiologically relevant animal models for study of chronic pancreatitis (CP) are needed. In order to begin filling this gap a central purpose of this dissertation research was to examine relationships between the alcohol and high fat diet (AHF) and pancreatitis with attention to hypersensitivity and anxiety-like behaviors. The AHF diet induced pancreatitis described here etiologically mimics human risk factors of AHF consumption for advancement to alcoholic CP.
In this study one group of mice was fed long term with a diet of high fat and alcohol for comparison with a group fed normal chow. Mice consumed a liquid diet containing 6% alcohol and a high fat supplement ad libitum over a period of five months. Each group was evaluated for heat and mechanical hypersensitivity, and histology indicative of CP.
The association of pancreatitis pathology with anxiety has been understudied. Anxiety, like pain, is useful as a transient state but when anxiety is prolonged it is termed a disorder. Anxiety is often comorbid with pain and depression. Therefore, it is important to determine anxiety in mice with CP histology.
This model was characterized for the interaction of pancreatitis histology, as well as persisting pain-, anxiety-, and fear-like behaviors. The AHF diet mice developed hypersensitivity, demonstrated anxiety-like behaviors, and showed concurrent histology consistent with CP. Nontransgenic mouse models where pancreatitis is induced only by a combination of ad libitum liquid food with added alcohol and lard supplementation do not currently exist, nor has an in-depth study of anxiety-like behaviors been conducted in this mouse model. This dissertation research addresses this knowledge gap.
37
Borrelli, Dina M. "Examining the relationship among measures of anxiety, self- confidence, arousal, and performance of elite field hockey players." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1041905.
Abstract:
The primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among levels of trait and state anxiety, self-confidence, arousal and performance of athletes throughout a competition. A secondary purpose was to examine the usefulness of a variety of instruments used to obtain levels of anxiety, self-confidence, arousal, and performance. Trait anxiety was measured by the Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT) (Martens, 1990) and levels of state anxiety and selfconfidence were measured using the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) (Martens, 1990). Pre-game and game arousal levels were distinguished by monitoring heart rates via heart rate monitors. Performance of each athlete was evaluated by the head coach. An overall rating or score was determined through the use of a Performance Rating Inventory which was developed specifically for this study.Thirteen members of the Ball State Field Hockey Team, ranging in ages from 18-22 years, agreed to participate in this study. Data was collected for 19 competitions from their regular season schedule. The SCAT was administered to the athletes in a non-competitive environment_ to determine trait anxiety levels. Levels of state anxiety (cognitive and somatic), self-confidence, arousal, and performance were obtained for every competition played.Pearson Product-Moment Correlation was used to determine the relationship among levels of trait and state anxiety and arousal to playing performance. Overall, there was no statistically significant relationships found among these levels. A follow-up analysis examined the data by the three most competitive and three least competitive games of the season. Group means were graphed according to pre-game and game arousal and no significant difference was shown between the two levels of competitiveness. Group means of the three subscales of the CSAI-2 (cognitive, somatic and self-confidence) were also graphed. Cognitive and somatic state anxiety levels were at its highest and self-confidence was at its lowest for the more competitive games and cognitive and somatic state anxiety were at its lowest and self-confidence was at its highest for the least competitive games. As a result of these findings, physiologically the athletes approached both types of games similarly. The difference was in the mental approach which ultimately could of been the difference in a win or a loss.School of Physical Education
38
Čulig, Luka. "Effets de l'augmentation de la neurogénèse adulte dans un modèle murin écologique de dépression." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4021.
Abstract:
La dépression majeure (DM) est une pathologie complexe et hétérogène associée avec des altérations du réseau cérébral, une dérégulation de l’axe hypothalamus-pituitaire-surrénales et avec des déficits de la neurogenèse adulte hippocampique (NHA). De nombreuses évidences pointent sur l’implication de la NHA dans les troubles de l’humeur et les troubles anxieux, ce qui a conduit à la formulation de l’ « hypothèse neurogénique », laquelle postule que des neurones néo-formés dans l’hippocampe du sujet adulte sont impliqués dans l’étiologie et dans l’efficacité du traitement de la DM. L’objectif de cette étude a été de déterminer le rôle des neurones formés à l’âge adulte après que les animaux aient été exposés à un stress ainsi que les mécanismes sous-jacents. Nos résultats suggèrent que l’augmentation de la neurogenèse est suffisante pour estomper les effets d’un stress chronique au niveau comportemental et hormonal, et donc pour induire un effet de type antidépresseur, comportementalement et physiologiquement. Les effets surviennent sans doute via le noyau du lit de la strie terminale antéro-dorsaleMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex and heterogeneous disorder hypothesized to be associated with alterations in brain circuitry, dysregulations of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and impairments in adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). Multiple lines of evidence point to the involvement of AHN in mood and anxiety disorders, leading to the formation of the “neurogenesis hypothesis”, which postulates that adult-born hippocampal neurons are involved in the etiology and treatment efficacy of MDD. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of adult-born neurons after the onset of stress exposure and the mechanism that underlies the observed results. Our results suggest that increasing neurogenesis is sufficient to buffer against the effects of chronic stress on certain behavioral and endocrine levels and thus to display antidepressant-like effects, both behaviorally and physiologically. Adult-born neurons might have exerted some of their effects via the anteromedial division of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BSTMA)
39
Kempster, Cody C., and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Postural anxiety influences the allocation of attentional resources among younger and older adults." Thesis, Lethbridge, Alta. : University of Lethbridge, Dept. of Kinesiology, 2010, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2555.
Abstract:
The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the influence of postural anxiety on the
capacity for Flexible Resource Allocation (FRA) among younger (YA) and older adults
(OA). Two experiments were conducted to explore (a) the influence of heightened
postural anxiety on the flexible allocation of attention among OA and (b) the influence of
concurrent postural challenge and postural anxiety on FRA among YA. Participants
performed a postural task concurrently to a cognitive task according to three instructional
sets directing task priority. Experiment one revealed that FRA was compromised among
OA during circumstances of heightened anxiety. This capacity however, remained
available among YA. Therefore, for the second experiment I varied the support surface to
explore whether the capacity for FRA could be sustained when posture was challenged
beyond static stance. Results indicated that YA altered cognitive task performance
according to instructional set without compromising postural stability. These findings
suggest that even when posture is challenged during heightened postural anxiety, YA
maintain the capacity to automatically allocate attention to a postural task while
performing a secondary task. Conversely, it seems that heightened postural anxiety
strengthens the attentional bias to posture and subsequently compromises FRA among
OA. Overall, results from this thesis suggest that the capacity for FRA is age and
situation dependent.xi, 107 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm
40
Dupret, David. "Etude des relations réciproques entre neurogénèse adulte et fonctions hippocampiques." Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21431.
Abstract:
Le gyrus dentelé (GD) de la formation hippocampique (FH) est l'une des régions cérébrales capables à l"âge adulte, de produire de nouveaux neurones. A ce jour, le rôle de cette "neurogénèse adulte" reste cependant méconnu. Le travail de cette thèse porte sur l'étude des relations réciproques entre cette neurogénèse et les fonctions dépendants de la FH. Les objectifs menés sont de : 1) déterminer s'il existe une relation de causalité entre les néo-neurones et les fonctions hippocampiques et, 2) disséquer l'influence de l'apprentissage spatial sur la neurogénèse. Tout d'abord, nous avons développé une approche de double transgénèse permettant de bloquer in vivo la neurogénèse. Cette approche a permis de montrer qu'une déplétion de néo-neurones provoque des déficits de mémoire spatiale relationnelle et augmente l'expression anormale des réponses de type anxiété. Ces résultats sont discutés dans le cadre d'une implication potentielle des néo-neurones dans le traitement des informations parvenant à la FH. Ensuite, nous avons montré que, réciproquement, l'apprentissage spatial sélectionne dans la population des neurones immatures ceux qui survivent et ceux qui périclitent par apoptose. Cette sélection bidirectionnelle des néo-neurones est un événement plastique de type régressif essentiel puisque le blocage de cette mort neuronale détériore les performances d'apprentissage. Ces résultats sont discutés dans le cadre du rôle possible de la stabilisation sélective des néo-neurones. Dans l'ensemble, ce travail de thèse monttre que la neurogénèse adulte est un exemple unique de plastcité structurale impliqué dans les comportements dépendants de la FHThe dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampal formation (HF) is one of the few regions where an ongoing neurogenesis persists throughout adulthood. So far, the functional implication of hippocampal newborn neurons remains misunderstood. My work aimed to examine the reciprocical relationship adult neurogenesis and hippocampal functions. In particular I examined : 1) the causal relationship between adult neurogenesis and both the physiology and pathophysiology of hippocampal functions and, 2) whether hippocampo-dependent spatial learning influences the different steps of neurogenesis. First, we developed an original transgenic approach allowing specific ablation of adult hippocampal precursors cells. We found that depleted adult neurogenesis impairs spatial relational memory and increases anxiety-like responses. We discussed the putative implication of hippocampal newborn neurons in information processing. Second, we found that adult neurogenesis is regulated by spatial learning. Indeed, learning in the water maze modulates the fate of new neurones by selecting them for either survival or death depending on their level of integration when performances are stabilized. More precisely, apoptotic removal of young newborn neurones is required for both the survival of older ones and the stabilization of spatial performances. Such a learning-dependent regulation of adult neurogenesis is discussed in the context of selective stabilisation. Overall, my work shows that adult neurogenesis is a unique example of structural plasticity involved in both the physiology and pathophysiology of hippocampal functions
41
Giles, David. "Psychophysiological and emotional antecedents of climbing performance." Thesis, University of Derby, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/621900.
Abstract:
Recreational sport climbing is characterised by self-selected route choices, which place participants under both physiological and psychological stress. This thesis is comprised of four studies, each conducted with experienced climbers, exploring subjective psychological, objective psychophysiological and behavioural responses to anxiety-inducing stressors. Studies One and Two explored the means of protecting a climber in the event of a fall and the relative difficulty of a route. Significant and meaningful differences in self-reported anxiety and climbing performance were found in both studies. However, notably, psychophysiological measures of anticipatory heart rate and cortisol did not result in meaningful differences. Results suggested that situations, atypical of participants’ normal recreation sessions, with an increased likelihood of a climber falling or being unable to complete the route, were likely to be evaluated as threatening, elicit a negative emotional response and disrupt performance. However, the quantitative methods employed in Studies One and Two did not provide an explanation of the processes underlying participant’s anxious response and disrupted performance. Consequently, Study Three qualitatively explored individual experiences of climbers, with a focus on psychological factors that influence performance. The defining characteristics of lead climbing were discussed, as were the potential for taking falls, and/or the anticipation of falling. Further, interviewees described the choices they make, in order to increase or decrease the physical, psychological and technical challenges present. Critically, the choices made by a climber appear to potentiate or limit opportunities to perform optimally. Climber’s decisions were mediated by a number of antecedents, including a climber’s background in the sport, climbing partners and training status. Data suggests that while decisions made by the climbers allow them to engage with the sport on their own terms and exert a level of control over the challenges of their climbing sessions, it is often at the expense of performance. Interestingly, while interviewees were aware of techniques to reduce anxiety and improve performance, few regularly used these in training. Study Four examined the effectiveness of clip drops and repeat practice to reduce anxiety. Results indicated that neither technique resulted in reduced anxiety or improved performance when compared to the control group. While there were small differences in the success rate of participants in the intervention groups, they were less anxious and interpreted their level of self-confidence as more positive, compared to control, it was not possible to differentiate between the two interventions. However, when the combined means were considered there were significant and meaningful differences observed in the post-intervention red-point ascent compared to the initial on-sight. This thesis highlights the difficulty that arises in attempting to quantitatively examine anxiety. While there might not be (a) anxiety in climbers or (b) quantifiable differences between climbers of different abilities, it may be that what is possibly ‘noise’ in data arises due to weaknesses in the markers themselves. The findings of Study Three provide evidence of the true nature of anxiety for climbers, which was not evident from the quantitative markers; as well as the lengths climbers will go to, to avoid anxiety. Climbers’ responses to anxiety were individualised, consequently, generalised interventions may have a limited effect on reducing anxiety to a level which supports performance improvements. It may be that an individualised approach to anxiety reduction and avoidance behaviours has a more significant impact on performance improvement than any of the latest training programmes, equipment or nutritional strategies.
42
Wiczynski, Teresa. "Interactions between Aerobic Exercise Volume, Academic Stress, and Immune Function." TopSCHOLAR®, 2018. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/2334.
Abstract:
Many college students exercise individually or participate in collegiate and intramural sports in addition to fulfilling their stressful academic requirements. The combination of accumulated stress and vigorous exercise could result in an impaired immune system, prompting the onset of disease and absences in class and sports practice.
Twenty-six male and female participants aged 18 to 23 were recruited for this study. Over the course of an academic semester, participants completed weekly electronic surveys documenting stress levels, aerobic exercise, and symptoms related to upper respiratory tract infections. Participants were evaluated at four different time points (Baseline, Post-Midterm Exam, Baseline Reassessment, and Post-Final Exam) for body fat percentage, cardiovascular fitness, heart rate, blood pressure, and a 10mL blood draw. Blood samples were used to measure blood glucose, cortisol, IL-6, and CD11b levels. Analysis of cortisol and IL-6 concentrations required ELISA kits for protein quantification in plasma samples. CD11b levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples were measured by Western Blot analysis.
There was a significant increase in blood pressure during the final exam compared to rest for systolic (p=0.005) and diastolic (p=0.004) blood pressures. There was a significant decrease in anxiety during the final exam compared to anxiety during the mid-term exam (p=0.022). The acute stress of an exam was strong enough to illicit physiologic blood pressure change, but the chronic stress throughout the semester was not intense enough did not illicit physiologic or immune responses. The volume of aerobic exercise in the vigorous workout group was not great enough to influence immune responses nor disease incidence.
43
Kinsey, Steven G. "Behavioral and immunological effects of repeated social defeat." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1171579586.
44
Patin, Valentine. "Effets d'un stress prénatal appliqué à des rates gestantes sur leur comportement maternel et sur le développement, l'anxiété et l'apprentissage de leur progéniture." Rouen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ROUES036.
Abstract:
Chez l'homme, certaines modifications telles que l'hyperémotivité, les troubles du sommeil, le retard de développement neurologique chez l'enfant peuvent être engendrés suite à une période de stress maternel pendant la grossesse. Les recherches que nous avons entreprises ont permis de préciser les conséquences engendrées par un stress émotionnel de type écologique, la mise en présence d'un chat de façon ponctuelle, au cours de la gestation, sur la descendance mais également sur le comportement maternel. Les effets du stress prénatal ont été mesurés dans plusieurs expériences dans lesquelles nous avons fait varier le jour du stress (10ème jour : moment de la formation du tube neural ou 14ème jour : moment de la différentiation nerveuse) et l'intensité du stress (aigue͏̈ ou répétée). Les résultats et les comparaisons statistiques ont montré que : la mise en présence d'un chat à proximité de la rate gestante produit une réponse physiologique (taux de corticostérone) qui présente les caractéristiques du stress. Le stress prénatal, quel qu'il soit, a des effets délétères sur le comportement maternel. Les petits prénatalement stressés ont un fort taux de mortalité et une lente évolution pondérale. Ils montrent également un développement plus lent et cela de façon plus flagrante pour les petits nés de mères stressées de façon aigue͏̈ au 10ème jour de gestation. Le stress prénatal à un moment ponctuel de la gestation (10ème ou 14ème jour), qu'il soit aigu ou répété n'engendre pas d'effet sur l'anxiété de trait. Par contre, il engendre des effets sur l'anxiété d'état pour les animaux stressés au 10ème jour de façon aigue͏̈ et pour les animaux stressés au 14ème jour de façon répétée. Le stress prénatal entraîne des modifications dans le comportement social des animaux qui semblent moins agressifs ou plus soumis et ceci de façon plus flagrante pour les animaux nés de mères stressées de façon répétée. Toutes ces études montrent bien qu'un stress prénatal appliqué à un jour donné de la gestation influence le développement des fonctions cognitives des jeunes.
45
Sakkour, Sam. "Etude comparative et expérimentale de l'expression de la douleur chez les patients cancéreux français et syriens." Caen, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CAEN1637.
Abstract:
Ce travail s’inscrit dans la perspective des recherches pluridisciplinaires qui s’intéressent au phénomène de la douleur. L’objectif de cette recherche est d’étudier l’influence de la culture sur l’expression verbale de la douleur (sensorielle et émotionnelle). Le retentissement de la douleur sur l’état affectif et sur la qualité de vie peut aussi constituer un élément de comparaison interculturelle. Les corrélations entre l’intensité de la douleur d’une part, ses dimensions psychologiques (anxiété, dépression) et ses comportements quotidiens d’autre part sont des éléments importants à analyser. Nous émettons l’hypothèse que l’origine culturelle de patient influence l’expression verbale de la douleur. Le retentissement de la douleur sur l’état affectif mais aussi sur la qualité de vie se modifie en fonction de l’origine culturelle. Nous examinons 47 cas de patients français et 34 cas de patients syriens, âgé entre 40 et 65 ans, souffrant du cancer du sang (lymphome et leucémie). Les résultats montrent le rôle primordial de la culture du patient, dans la perception et l’expression verbale de la douleur. Par contre, l’état affectif du patient, ainsi que certains items de la qualité de vie, ne sont pas affectés significativement par la culture. Des corrélations ont été relevées entre l’intensité de la douleur et son expression verbale d’une part, et son retentissement sur l’état affectif et le comportement quotidien d’autre part.
46
Owens, Maryann. "Does Virtual Reality Elicit Physiological Arousal in Social Anxiety Disorder." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5832.
Abstract:
The present study examined the ability of a Virtual Reality (VR) public speaking task to elicit physiological arousal in adults with SAD (n=25) and Controls (n=25). A behavioral assessment paradigm was employed to address three study objectives: (a) to determine whether the VR task can elicit significant increases in physiological response over baseline resting conditions (b) to determine if individuals with SAD have a greater increase from baseline levels of physiological and self-reported arousal during the in vivo speech task as opposed to the VR speech task and (c) to determine whether individuals with SAD experience greater changes in physiological and self-reported arousal during each speech task compared to controls. Results demonstrated that the VR task was able to elicit significant increases in heart rate, skin conductance, and respiratory sinus arrhythmia, but did not elicit as much physiological or self-reported arousal as the in vivo speech task. In addition, no differences were found between groups. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed.M.S.
Masters
Psychology
Sciences
Psychology Clinical
47
Ortolani, Daniela. "Efeitos de dieta palatável sobre a resposta de estresse em ratos." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/314637.
Abstract:
Orientadores: Regina Célia Spadari-Bratfisch, Liana Lins MeloDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
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Resumo: Tem sido proposto que o acesso a alimentos palatáveis atenua a resposta de estresse. O objetivo deste estudo foi examinar o efeito de uma dieta palatável sobre parâmetros comportamentais e hormonais de ratos submetidos a estresse por choque nas patas. Ratos controles e estressados preferiram dieta palatável à comercial e a diminuição da ingestão alimentar induzida pelo estresse foi abolida em ratos com acesso a dieta palatável. Como conseqüência das diferenças de ingestão alimentar entre os grupos, ratos estressados e alimentados com dieta comercial consumiram quantidade inferior de calorias quando comparados com os controles, enquanto que ratos com acesso a dieta palatável ingeriram quantidade maior de calorias, não sendo alterado pelo estresse. Apesar dessas diferenças o peso corporal não se alterou. Ratos submetidos ao estresse aumentaram o número de entradas e o tempo de permanência no braço aberto do labirinto em cruz elevado (LCE), e também o número de imersões de cabeça. O número de estiramentos e de avaliações de risco foi diminuído pelo estresse por choque nas patas. A dieta palatável também diminuiu o número de avaliações de risco. Os animais submetidos ao estresse e com acesso ao alimento palatável apresentaram maior latência para o primeiro cruzamento e permaneceram mais tempo no centro do campo aberto. O número de levantamentos avaliado no campo aberto aumentou com a ingestão de dieta palatável, e o número de cruzamentos, auto-limpezas e bolos fecais não foi alterado pelo estresse nem pela composição da dieta. O aumento da concentração sérica de corticosterona induzido pelo estresse foi atenuado pela ingestão de dieta palatável. O estresse aumentou as concentrações de glicose e de insulina, e diminuiu as concentrações de triacilgliceróis. O consumo de dieta palatável aumentou a concentração de glicose, de leptina e de triacilgliceróis. Esses resultados mostram que o estresse reduz a ingestão alimentar e que esta redução é prevenida pelo acesso a dieta palatável. Este protocolo de estresse induziu à diminuição da ansiedade, com atenuação da concentração de corticosterona pelo alimento palatável. A combinação de dieta palatável e estresse afeta parâmetros metabólicos que podem levar à resistência a insulina. O efeito anorexigênico do estresse aconteceu independente da concentração de leptina, portanto outros fatores devem estar envolvidos com o controle do comportamento alimentar, como por exemplo, CRF e outros peptídeos, devendo ser estudados neste modelo experimental.
Abstract: It has been proposed that the access to palatable foods attenuates the stress response. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of a palatable diet on behavioral and hormonal parameters of rats submitted to footshock stress. Both control and stressed rats preferred the palatable than commercial diet and the stress-induced decrease in food intake was abolished in rats with access to palatable diet. As a consequence of the differences in food intake between the groups, rats submitted to stress and fed with commercial diet consumed a lower amount of calories than control rats, whereas rats with access to palatable diet ingested a higher amount of calories that was not altered by stress. Despite these differences, the body weight not altered. Rats submitted to stress increased the number of entries and the time spent in the open arms in the elevated plus maze (EPM), and also the number of head dipping. The number of stretched-attend posture and the risk assessment were decreased by footshock stress. The palatable diet also decrease the number of risk assessment. The rats submitted to stress with access to palatable diet showed a higher latency to the first crossing, and spent more time in the centre in the open field. The number of rearing increased with palatable diet intake, and the number of crossing, grooming and fecal bolus were not altered by stress neither diet composition. The stress-induced increase in serum corticosterone concentration was attenuated by palatable diet. The stress increased the serum glucose and insulin concentrations, and decreased the triacylglycerols concentrations. The access to palatable diet increased the glucose, leptin and triacylglycerols concentrations. These results showed that the stress reduces the intake food and that this reduction is prevented by access to palatable diet. This protocol of stress induced less anxiety-like behaviors with attenuation of corticosterone concentration induced by palatable diet. It is concluded that stress associated with palatable diet intake affect metabolic parameters that may lead to insulin resistance. Moreover, footshock stress had an anorexigenic effect that was independent of leptin, therefore other factors involved with the control of feeding behavior, such as CRF or other peptides, must be investigated in this experimental model.
Mestrado
Fisiologia
Mestre em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
48
Handouzi, Wahida. "Traitement d'information mono-source pour la validation objective d'un modèle d'anxiété : application au signal de pression sanguine volumique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0237/document.
Abstract:
La détection et l’évaluation des émotions sont des domaines qui suscitent un grand intérêt par de nombreuses communautés tant au niveau des sciences humaines que des sciences exactes. Dans cette thèse nous nous intéressons à la reconnaissance de l’anxiété sociale qui est une peur irrationnelle ressentie par une personne lors de toute forme de relation sociale. L’anxiété peut être révélée par un ensemble de traits physiques et physiologiques tels que l’intonation de la voix, les mimiques faciales, l’augmentation du rythme cardiaque, le rougissement… etc. L’avantage de l’utilisation des mesures physiologiques est que les individus ne peuvent pas les manipuler, c’est une source continue de données et chaque émotion est caractérisée par une variation physiologique particulière. Dans ce travail, nous proposons un système de mesure d’anxiété basé sur l’utilisation d’un seul signal physiologique « signal de pression sanguine volumique (Blood volume pulse BVP)». Le choix d’un seul capteur limite la gêne des sujets due au nombre de capteurs. De ce signal nous avons sélectionné des paramètres pertinents représentant au mieux les relations étroites du signal BVP avec le processus émotionnel de l’anxiété. Cet ensemble de paramètres est classé en utilisant les séparateurs à vastes marges SVM. Les travaux engagés dans le domaine de la reconnaissance des émotions utilisent fréquemment, pour support d’information, des données peu fiables ne correspondant pas toujours aux situations envisagées. Ce manque de fiabilité peut être dû à plusieurs paramètres parmi eux la subjectivité de la méthode d’évaluation utilisée (questionnaire, auto-évaluation des sujets, …etc.). Nous avons développé une approche d’évaluation objective des données basée sur les dynamiques des paramètres sélectionnés. La base de données utilisée a été enregistrée dans notre laboratoire dans des conditions réelles acquises sur des sujets présentant un niveau d’anxiété face aux situations sociales et qui ne sont pas sous traitement psychologique. L’inducteur utilisé est l’exposition à des environnements virtuels représentant quelques situations sociales redoutées. L’étape d’évaluation, nous a permis d’obtenir un modèle de données fiable pour la reconnaissance de deux niveaux d’anxiété. Ce modèle a été testé dans une clinique spécialisée dans les thérapies cognitives comportementales (TCC) sur des sujets phobiques. Les résultats obtenus mettent en lumière la fiabilité du modèle construit notamment pour la reconnaissance des niveaux d’anxiété sur des sujets sains ou sur des sujets phobiques ce qui constitue une solution au manque de données dont souffrent les différents domaines de reconnaissancesDetection and evaluation of emotions are areas of great interest in many communities both in terms of human and exact sciences. In this thesis we focus on social anxiety recognition, which is an irrational fear felt by a person during any form of social relationship. Anxiety can be revealed by a set of physical and physiological traits such as tone of voice, facial expressions, increased heart rate, flushing ... etc. The interest to the physiological measures is motivated by them robustness to avoid the artifacts created by human social masking, they are a continuous source of data and each emotion is characterized by a particular physiological variation. In this work, we propose a measurement system based on the use of a single physiological signal "Blood volume pulse BVP". The use of a single sensor limits the subjects’ discomfort. From the BVP signal we selected three relevant features which best represents the close relationship between this signal and anxiety status. This features set is classified using support vector machine SVM. The work undertaken in the field of emotion recognition frequently use, for information support, unreliable data do not always correspond to the situations envisaged. This lack of reliability may be due to several parameters among them the subjectivity of the evaluation method used (self-evaluation questionnaire, subjects…etc.). We have developed an approach to objective assessment of data based on the dynamics of selected features. The used database was recorded in our laboratory under real conditions acquired in subjects with a level of anxiety during social situations and who are not under psychological treatment. The used stimulus is the exposition to virtual environments representing some feared social situations. After the evaluation stage, we obtained a reliable model for the recognition of two levels of anxiety. The latter was tested in a clinic specializing in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on phobic subjects. The results highlight the reliability of the built model specifically for the recognition of anxiety levels in healthy subjects or of phobic subjects, what constitutes a solution to the lack of data affecting different areas of recognition
49
Dubar, Marie. "TREM-1 et parodontite : évaluation clinique de l’effet du traitement étiologique parodontal sur les concentrations de TREM-1 soluble et études in vitro de l’impact de P. gingivalis sur l’expression de TREM-1 par des cellules du parodonte." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LORR0205.
Abstract:
Les maladies parodontales sont des pathologies inflammatoires chroniques multifactorielles, affectant les tissus de soutien de la dent. Le consensus actuel sur leur étiopathogénie admet que la grande majorité des destructions tissulaires sont le résultat d’un processus infectieux dysbiotique complexe associé à des dysfonctionnements du système immunitaire possiblement exacerbés par des facteurs généraux tels que le stress/anxiété. TREM-1 (Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells-1) est un immunorécepteur exprimé par les polynucléaires neutrophiles et les monocytes/macrophages. Il joue un rôle fondamental dans les premières étapes de la réponse inflammatoire et notamment dans l’amplification de celle-ci via les TLRs (Toll-like receptor). A l’aide d’une étude clinique chez des patients atteints de parodontite, nous observons, pour la première fois, les effets d’un traitement parodontal non-chirurgical sur les concentrations du récepteur soluble de TREM-1, TREM-1s, restant plus élevées dans les sites non-cicatrisés. Cependant TREM-1s, potentiel marqueur de l’état inflammatoire du site, ne semble pas être un marqueur prédictif de la cicatrisation parodontale après le traitement. Les résultats cliniques fournissent aussi un nouvel aperçu de la complexité des relations entre les facteurs microbiologiques, cliniques et psychologiques. Parallèlement l’emploi du peptide LR12, modulateur de TREM-1, a induit des productions diminuées de cytokines pro-inflammatoires dans des modèles in vitro de monocytes stimulés par Porphyromonas gingivalis, parodontopathogène majeur. Cet agent modulateur de TREM-1 pourrait potentiellement être un adjuvant intéressant dans les thérapeutiques parodontales permettant de limiter l’amplitude de la réponse inflammatoire sans l’inhiber complètementPeriodontal diseases are chronic multifactorial inflammatory diseases, affecting the tissues surrounding the teeth. The current consensus concerning their etiopathogenesis recognizes that the majority of tissue destruction is the result of a complex dysbiotic infectious process associated with immune system dysfunctions possibly exacerbated by general factors such as stress/anxiety. TREM-1 (Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells-1) is an immunoreceptor expressed by neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages. It plays a fundamental role in the early stages of the inflammatory response and in particular in its amplification via TLRs (Toll-like receptor). In a clinical study in patients with periodontitis, we have observed, for the first time, the effects of a non-surgical periodontal treatment on the concentrations of the soluble receptor of TREM-1, sTREM-1, remaining higher in non-improved sites. However, TREM-1s, a potential marker of the inflammatory state of the site, does not appear to be a predictive marker of periodontal healing after treatment. Clinical results also provide a new insight into the complexity of the relationships between microbiological, clinical and psychosocial factors. At the same time, the use of the peptide LR12, modulator of TREM-1, induced decreased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in in vitro models of monocytes stimulated by Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major periodontopathogen. This TREM-1 modulating agent could potentially be an interesting adjuvant in periodontal therapies to limit the amplitude of the inflammatory response without completely inhibiting it
50
Pantelidis, Dimitrios. "Analyse multiparamétrique des facteurs de la performance du joueur de tennis." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996CLF22521.
Abstract:
L'objet de ce travail est de réaliser une évaluation des aptitudes physiologiques et psychologiques de joueurs de niveau tennistique différent. De plus, nous avons mis au point un test de terrain permettant d'apprécier le niveau tennistique et nous avons étudié la réponse de paramètres physiologiques des joueurs, pendant la réalisation de ce test. Notre population comprend 35 hommes adultes âgés de 18 à 60 ans pratiquant le tennis. Lors d'une première séance, des mesures anthropométriques ainsi que physiques sont réalisées au laboratoire sur chaque sujet. Lors d'une deuxième séance, les sujets effectuent un test d'adresse tennistique sur le terrain, pendant lequel des mesures tennistiques, cardiaques et hormonales sont réalisées. Enfin, trois questionnaires sont remplis par les sujets afin d'étudier leur caractéristiques psychologiques. L'ensemble de résultats suggère que: le test de tennis effectue lors de cette étude est un moyen fiable de classement et cela aussi bien dans une population héterogène qu'homogène du point de vue age et habileté tennistique. Le temps de réaction constituerait un prédicteur valide du niveau de la pratique du tennis. La réponse du cortisol montre que c'est le groupe de specialistes qui etait le plus sollicite physiquement et mentalement pendant la realisation du test tennistique. L'étude des variations des taux du cortisol salivaire en tant qu'indice physiologique de l'anxiété somatique, est importante pour une meilleure compréhension de la relation entre l'anxieté et la performance. L'utilisation de l'auto-questionnaire de Bortner est susceptible de constituer un moyen fiable pour prédire la performance dans ce sport.