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Journal articles on the topic 'Ants – Physiology'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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1

Angilletta, Michael J., Robbie S. Wilson, Amanda C. Niehaus, Michael W. Sears, Carlos A. Navas, and Pedro L. Ribeiro. "Urban Physiology: City Ants Possess High Heat Tolerance." PLoS ONE 2, no. 2 (February 28, 2007): e258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000258.

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2

Paul, Jürgen. "Mandible movements in ants." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 131, no. 1 (December 2001): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1095-6433(01)00458-5.

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3

Diamond, S. E., C. A. Penick, S. L. Pelini, A. M. Ellison, N. J. Gotelli, N. J. Sanders, and R. R. Dunn. "Using Physiology to Predict the Responses of Ants to Climatic Warming." Integrative and Comparative Biology 53, no. 6 (July 26, 2013): 965–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/ict085.

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4

Graham, Paul, and Thomas S. Collett. "View-based navigation in insects: how wood ants (Formica rufaL.) look at and are guided by extended landmarks." Journal of Experimental Biology 205, no. 16 (August 15, 2002): 2499–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.205.16.2499.

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SUMMARYBees, wasps and ants learn landmarks as views from particular vantage points, storing the retinal positions of landmark edges. By moving so as to minimise the difference between their stored and current view, they can return to the vantage point from which a view was taken. We have examined what wood ants learn about a laterally placed, extended landmark, a wall, while walking parallel to it to reach a feeder and how they use this stored information to guide their path. Manipulation of the height of the wall and the ant's starting distance from it reveals that ants maintain a desired distance from the wall by keeping the image of the top of the wall at a particular retinal elevation. Ants can thus employ image matching both for returning to a place and for following a fixed route.Unlike many flying insects, an ant's direction of motion while walking is always along its longitudinal body axis and, perhaps for this reason, it favours its frontal retina for viewing discrete landmarks. We find that ants also use their frontal retina for viewing a laterally placed wall. On a coarse scale, the ant's path along the wall is straight, but on a finer scale it is roughly sinusoidal, allowing the ant to scan the surrounding landscape with its frontal retina. The ant's side-to-side scanning means that the wall is viewed with its frontal retina for phases of the scanning cycle throughout its trajectory. Details of the scanning pattern depend on the scene. Ants scan further to the side that is empty of the wall than to the side containing the wall, and they scan further into the wall side when the wall is of a lower apparent height. We conclude that frontal retina is employed for image storage and for path control.

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5

Poulsen, Michael, and Cameron R. Currie. "On ants, plants and fungi." New Phytologist 182, no. 4 (May 8, 2009): 785–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.02863.x.

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6

Freas, Cody A., Jenna V. Congdon, Nicola J. R. Plowes, and Marcia L. Spetch. "Same but different: Socially foraging ants backtrack like individually foraging ants but use different mechanisms." Journal of Insect Physiology 118 (October 2019): 103944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2019.103944.

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7

Federle, W., T. Endlein, and T. Bruening. "Locomotion and adhesion in arboreal ants." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 146, no. 4 (April 2007): S145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.01.291.

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8

DAVID MORGAN, E. "Trail pheromones of ants." Physiological Entomology 34, no. 1 (December 2, 2008): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.2008.00658.x.

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9

Wheeler, Diana, Jürgen Liebig, and Bert Hölldobler. "Atypical vitellins in ponerine ants (Formicidae: Hymenoptera)." Journal of Insect Physiology 45, no. 3 (March 1999): 287–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1910(98)00124-3.

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10

Heinze, J., and B. Holldobler. "Fighting for a harem of queens: physiology of reproduction in Cardiocondyla male ants." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 90, no. 18 (September 15, 1993): 8412–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.90.18.8412.

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11

Antonov, I. A. "New Data on Landscape Distribution of Ants of the Genus Myrmica Latr. (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) in the Baikal Region." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Biology. Ecology 33 (2020): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2073-3372.2020.33.62.

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Ants of the genus Myrmica Latr. are one of the abundant insects in many ecosystems of the Baikal region. Information on their landscape distribution is of great theoretical and practical value because Myrmica ants have important functions in the terrestrial ecosystems. The ants had been collected in the Irkutsk Region and the Republic of Buryatia from 2002 to 2011. The method of route survey with a strip width of 2 m was used. Garmin GPS 12 was used to register the geographical coordinates of the locations of the ants' nests. The collected ant specimens were fixed and stored in 1.5 ml Eppendorf microtubes filled with 95% ethanol. In total 151 nest samples were investigated. All material used in this study is stored in the entomological collection of the Core Facilities Center “Bioresource Center” at the Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry SB RAS (Irkutsk, Russia). The analysis was carried out by means of GIS technology. The published map "Landscapes of the south of East Siberia" was the basis for this analysis. The V.B. Sochava’s methodical developments in the field of landscape studies were used. The main mapping units were geomes. Determination of the landscape distribution of ants was conducted by SQL-queries using a vector landscape layer and a point vector layer of the locations of the nests of ants. 14 species were identified during data processing. It has been found that the nests of ants were located within 15 geomes. M. angulinodis and M. ruginodis are the most common ants of the genus Myrmica in the Baikal region. The most of M. angulinodis nests (32.5%) were recorded in mountain taiga larch forests of limited development and the most of M. ruginodis nests (48.6%) are in the foothill subtaiga pine forests. The largest species number was recorded in the foothill subtaiga pine forests (six species) and the mountain west-transbaikalia geosystems of daurian type (five species). A more detailed picture of the landscape distribution of Myrmica ants was obtained in comparison with previous works. The obtained data on the landscape distribution of ants were in good agreement with field and literary data.

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12

Fujioka, Haruna, Masato S. Abe, and Yasukazu Okada. "Individual Ants Do Not Show Activity-Rest Rhythms in Nest Conditions." Journal of Biological Rhythms 36, no. 3 (April 5, 2021): 297–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07487304211002934.

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Circadian rhythms, which respond to the day-night cycle on the earth, arise from the endogenous timekeeping system within organisms, called the “biological clock.” For accurate circadian rhythms, daily fluctuations in light and temperature are considered one of the important time cues. In social insects, both abiotic and biotic factors (i.e., social interactions) play a significant role in activity-rest rhythm regulation. However, it is challenging to monitor individual activity-rest rhythms in a colony because of the large group size and small body size. Therefore, it is unclear whether individuals in a colony exhibit activity-rest rhythms and how social interactions regulate their activity-rest rhythms in the colony. This study developed an image-based tracking system using 2D barcodes for Diacamma cf. indicum from Japan (a monomorphic ant) and measured the locomotor activities of all colony members under laboratory colony conditions. We also investigated the effect of broods on activity-rest rhythms by removing all broods under colony conditions. Activity-rest rhythms appeared only in isolated ants, not under colony conditions. In addition, workers showed arrhythmic activities after brood removal. These results suggested that a mixture of social interactions, and not light and temperature, induces the loss of activity-rest rhythms. These results contribute to the knowledge of a diverse pattern of circadian activity rhythms in social insects.

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13

Roeder, Karl A., Diane V. Roeder, and Jelena Bujan. "Ant Thermal Tolerance: A Review of Methods, Hypotheses, and Sources of Variation." Annals of the Entomological Society of America 114, no. 4 (May 11, 2021): 459–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aesa/saab018.

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Abstract Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) are a conspicuous group of ectotherms whose behavior, distribution, physiology, and fitness are regulated by temperature. Consequently, interest in traits like thermal tolerance that enable ants to survive and thrive in variable climates has increased exponentially over the past few decades. Here, we synthesize the published literature on the thermal tolerance of ants. We begin our review with discussion of common metrics: critical thermal limits, lethal thermal limits, knock-down resistance, chill-coma recovery, and supercooling. In particular, we highlight the ways each thermal metric is quantified and offer a set of methodological caveats for consideration. We next describe patterns and hypotheses for ant thermal tolerance along spatial and temporal temperature gradients. Spatially, we focus on relationships with latitude, elevation, urbanization, and microclimate. Temporally, we focus on seasonal plasticity, daily variation, dominance-thermal tolerance tradeoffs, and acclimation. We further discuss other sources of variation including evolutionary history, body size, age, castes, and nutrition. Finally, we highlight several topics of interest to ant thermal biologists, ranging in scope from methods development to the impacts of climate change.

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14

Norman, Victoria C., Tobias Pamminger, Fabio Nascimento, and William O. H. Hughes. "The role of juvenile hormone in regulating reproductive physiology and dominance in Dinoponera quadriceps ants." PeerJ 7 (March 1, 2019): e6512. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6512.

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Unequal reproductive output among members of the same sex (reproductive skew) is a common phenomenon in a wide range of communally breeding animals. In such species, reproductive dominance is often acquired during antagonistic interactions between group members that establish a reproductive hierarchy in which only a few individuals reproduce. Rank-specific syndromes of behavioural and physiological traits characterize such hierarchies, but how antagonistic behavioural interactions translate into stable rank-specific syndromes remains poorly understood. The pleiotropic nature of hormones makes them prime candidates for generating such syndromes as they physiologically integrate environmental (social) information, and often affect reproduction and behaviour simultaneously. Juvenile hormone (JH) is one of several hormones that occupy such a central regulatory role in insects and has been suggested to regulate reproductive hierarchies in a wide range of social insects including ants. Here we use experimental manipulation to investigate the effect of JH levels on reproductive physiology and social dominance in high-ranked workers of the eusocial ant Dinoponera quadriceps, a species that has secondarily reverted to queenless, simple societies. We show that JH regulated reproductive physiology, with ants in which JH levels were experimentally elevated having more regressed ovaries. In contrast, we found no evidence of JH levels affecting dominance in social interactions. This could indicate that JH and ovary development are decoupled from dominance in this species, however only high-ranked workers were investigated. The results therefore confirm that the regulatory role of JH in reproductive physiology in this ant species is in keeping with its highly eusocial ancestors rather than its secondary reversion to simple societies, but more investigation is needed to disentangle the relationships between hormones, behaviour and hierarchies.

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15

Seidl, T., and R. Wehner. "Desert ants monitor substrate roughness while running." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 146, no. 4 (April 2007): S137—S138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.01.269.

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16

Watkins, James E., Catherine L. Cardelús, and Michelle C. Mack. "Ants mediate nitrogen relations of an epiphytic fern." New Phytologist 180, no. 1 (October 2008): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02606.x.

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17

Nielsen, Mogens Gissel. "Respiratory rates of ants from different climatic areas." Journal of Insect Physiology 32, no. 2 (January 1986): 125–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1910(86)90131-9.

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18

Weseloh, Ronald M. "SIMULATION OF PREDATION BY ANTS BASED ON DIRECT OBSERVATIONS OF ATTACKS ON GYPSY MOTH LARVAE." Canadian Entomologist 121, no. 12 (December 1989): 1069–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent1211069-12.

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AbstractPredation of gypsy moth larvae, Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), by ants was observed by placing caterpillars on the forest floor and waiting for ants to find them or by placing caterpillars very close to foraging ants. Over 80% of contacts with caterpillars were made by Formica spp. The rate of successful capture varied with caterpillar instar, generally becoming lower as larvae became larger. However, neonates were successfully attacked by ants less often than first-instar larvae that had fed. Neonates probably have developed defenses that prevent excessive predation because many fall to the forest floor when dispersing. The distribution of time intervals between encounters of ants with larvae was adequately fit by an exponential distribution having a mean waiting time of 20 min. This distribution was used to construct a simulation model of gypsy moth larval predation by ants. Based on the model results, ant success rate, ant foraging density, and residence time of larvae on the forest floor were important determinants of mortality caused by ants.

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19

Weseloh, Ronald M. "ANT TRAFFIC ON DIFFERENT TREE SPECIES IN CONNECTICUT." Canadian Entomologist 127, no. 4 (August 1995): 569–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent127569-4.

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AbstractForest ants in Connecticut, especially Formica neogagates Emery and F. subsericea Say (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), feed on first- to third-instar larvae of gypsy moths, Lymantria dispar L. (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), but mainly forage on the ground while most young caterpillars are in trees. It would be helpful to obtain information about the individual ants that do climb trees. Thus, numbers of ants climbing up and down different species of forest trees were determined. Numbers varied with both tree species and trunk diameter. Some oaks, plus hickories, tended to have the most ant traffic. These trees were also the most likely to have trunk diameters positively correlated with ant activity. Ants appeared to obtain honeydew or perhaps nectar from the trees, as the crop contents of some ants tested positive for sugar. A possible way to induce more ants to climb trees, and thus to attack caterpillars in trees more frequently, would be to increase numbers of honeydew-producing insects in trees. It should also be possible to encourage ants by spraying trees with sugar solutions or other materials.

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20

Tilley, S. "SNAP-HAPPY ANTS." Journal of Experimental Biology 207, no. 3 (February 1, 2004): 385—a—386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.00805.

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21

Sanders, C. J., and A. Pang. "CARPENTER ANTS AS PREDATORS OF SPRUCE BUDWORM IN THE BOREAL FOREST OF NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO." Canadian Entomologist 124, no. 6 (December 1992): 1093–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent1241093-6.

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AbstractIn the boreal forest of northwestern Ontario, where carpenter ants (Camponotus spp.) construct extensive underground tunnels, few worker ants were seen on the aerial portions of trees containing colonies of the ants or on neighboring trees, even though the trees were infested by large numbers of spruce budworm [Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)] larvae. Immunochemical techniques detected less spruce budworm soluble protein in worker ants from this area than in a laboratory colony that had been fed budworm larvae, or in a colony located in a spruce tree that was surrounded by gravel where the ants were unable to build underground tunnels and instead foraged extensively in the tree crown. This suggests that, in contrast to evidence from western North America, carpenter ants in the boreal forests of northwestern Ontario, and perhaps elsewhere throughout the range of the spruce budworm, are of limited importance as predators of the spruce budworm.

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22

Tilles, David A., and David L. Wood. "FORAGING BEHAVIOR OF THE CARPENTER ANT, CAMPONOTUS MODOC (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE), IN A GIANT SEQUOIA FOREST,." Canadian Entomologist 118, no. 9 (September 1986): 861–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent118861-9.

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AbstractThe proportion of large Camponotus modoc workers returning to the nest with solid food was significantly less than that of smaller workers. The average weight of ants collected at colonies of the aphid Cinara occidentalis was significantly less than the average weight of ants collected in the vicinity of the ant nest. These data and additional observations suggest that small ants are more likely to attend aphids and transport solid food than are large ants. Some large ants may specialize in honeydew transport. Markand-recapture studies showed that workers of Camponotus modoc returned to the same trunk trails and aphid colonies from which they had previously been removed. When relocated to either the base of the tree or to the nest entrance, some workers demonstrated a capacity to recognize the original aphid colony from among as many as eight other colonies in the same tree. Some ants were observed on the same aphid colony for long periods.

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23

Quinlan, Michael C., and JohN R. B. Lighton. "Respiratory physiology and water relations of three species of Pogonomyrmex harvester ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." Physiological Entomology 24, no. 4 (December 1999): 293–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3032.1999.00140.x.

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24

Mangone, D. M., and C. R. Currie. "Garden substrate preparation behaviours in fungus-growing ants." Canadian Entomologist 139, no. 6 (December 2007): 841–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/n06-105.

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AbstractFungus-growing ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: tribe Attini) engage in mutually beneficial symbioses with fungi (Basidiomycota) that serve as their main food source. The leaf-cutters (genera Acromyrmex Mayr and Atta Fabricius), the most derived attine ants, employ elaborate nest-hygiene behaviours, including substrate preparation. By preparing substrate prior to its incorporation into the fungus garden, workers facilitate the physical breakdown of leaf material while reducing the abundance of potentially harmful microbes that contact their fungal mutualist. Despite its importance in ant fungiculture, substrate preparation has not been investigated in other genera of fungus-growing ants. We examined substrate-preparation procedures used by five genera of fungus-growing ants (Apterostigma Mayr, Cyphomyrmex Mayr, Trachymyrmex Forel, Acromyrmex, and Atta) representing most of the phylogenetic range of the Attini. Behavioural observations revealed that all five genera engage in substrate-preparation behaviours. Furthermore, these behaviours vary by genus, with Trachymyrmex, Acromyrmex, and Atta engaging in more elaborate preparation behaviours than the other genera. Additionally, we found that during substrate preparation, leaf-cutting ants inoculate leaf fragments with actinomycetous bacteria. These filamentous bacteria are known to produce antibiotics that suppress fungal pathogens, which suggests that inoculation with the bacterial mutualist during substrate preparation helps protect the fungus gardens of leaf-cutter ants from these parasites. Our finding that substrate-preparation behaviours occur across the phylogenetic range of attine ants suggests that these behaviours are a critical component of successful fungiculture by ants.

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25

Grimaldi, David, and Donat Agosti. "THE OLDEST ANTS ARE CRETACEOUS, NOT EOCENE: COMMENT." Canadian Entomologist 132, no. 5 (October 2000): 691–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent132691-5.

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The recent paper by Poinar et al. (1999), entitled “New amber deposit provides evidence of early paleogene extinctions, paleoclimates, and past distributions,” reports a new deposit of fossiliferous amber from the Eocene of British Columbia. This report of a significant discovery by one of the co-authors (Bruce Archibald) is compromised by unexplained statements that ants in this amber are the “earliest unequivocal ants.” They cited unpublished cladograms by Cesare Baroni Urbani as the source of information that showed that previous reports of ants in Cretaceous amber were not really ants.

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26

King, Elizabeth G., and Kelly K. Caylor. "Herbivores and mutualistic ants interact to modify tree photosynthesis." New Phytologist 187, no. 1 (June 4, 2010): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03286.x.

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27

González-Teuber, Marcia, Martin Kaltenpoth, and Wilhelm Boland. "Mutualistic ants as an indirect defence against leaf pathogens." New Phytologist 202, no. 2 (January 6, 2014): 640–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.12664.

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28

Paul, Jürgen, and Wulfila Gronenberg. "Motor control of the mandible closer muscle in ants." Journal of Insect Physiology 48, no. 2 (February 2002): 255–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1910(01)00171-8.

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29

Wheeler, Diana E. "The developmental basis of worker polymorphism in fire ants." Journal of Insect Physiology 36, no. 5 (January 1990): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1910(90)90012-5.

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30

Bisch-Knaden, Sonja, and Rüdiger Wehner. "Egocentric information helps desert ants to navigate around familiar obstacles." Journal of Experimental Biology 204, no. 24 (December 15, 2001): 4177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204.24.4177.

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SUMMARY Homing ants have been shown to associate directional information with familiar landmarks. The sight of these local cues might either directly guide the path of the ant or it might activate a landmark-based vector that points towards the goal position. In either case, the ants define their courses within allocentric systems of reference. Here, we show that desert ants, Cataglyphis fortis, forced to run along a devious path can use egocentric information as well. The ants were trained to deviate from their straight homebound course by a wide inconspicuous barrier that was placed between the feeding and nesting sites. At a distant test area, the ants were confronted with an identical barrier rotated through 45°. After passing the edge of the obstacle, the ants did not proceed in the trained direction, defined by the skylight compass, but rotated their courses to match the rotation of the barrier. Visual guidance could be excluded because, as soon as the ants turned around the end of the barrier, the visual cue it provided vanished from their field of view. Instead, the ants must have maintained a constant angle relative to their previous walking trajectory along the obstacle and, hence, must have determined their new vector course in an egocentric way.

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Wolf, H., and R. Wehner. "Pinpointing food sources: olfactory and anemotactic orientation in desert ants, Cataglyphis fortis." Journal of Experimental Biology 203, no. 5 (March 1, 2000): 857–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.203.5.857.

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Desert ants, Cataglyphis fortis, search for a repeatedly visited food source by employing a combined olfactory and anemotactic orientation strategy (in addition to their visually based path-integration scheme). This behaviour was investigated by video-tracking consecutive foraging trips of individually marked ants under a variety of experimental conditions, including manipulations of the olfactory and wind-detecting systems of the ants. If the wind blows from a constant direction, ants familiar with the feeding site follow outbound paths that lead them into an area 0.5-2.5 m downwind of the feeding station. Here, the ants apparently pick up odour plumes emanating from the food source and follow these by steering an upwind course until they reach the feeder. If the food is removed, foragers usually concentrate their search movements within the area downwind of the feeding site. Only when the wind happens to subside or when tail-wind conditions prevail do the ants steer direct courses towards the food. Elimination of olfactory input by clipping the antennal flagella, or of wind perception by immobilising the bases of the antennae, altered the foraging behaviour of the ants in ways that supported these interpretations. Ants with clipped flagella were never observed to collect food items.

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32

Nicholson, D. J., S. P. Judd, B. A. Cartwright, and T. S. Collett. "Learning walks and landmark guidance in wood ants (Formica rufa)." Journal of Experimental Biology 202, no. 13 (July 1, 1999): 1831–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.202.13.1831.

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We have examined a behaviour pattern in wood ants which in some respects resembles and in other respects differs from the learning flights of bees and wasps. Wood ants returning to their nest from a newly discovered food source turn back and look at landmarks near to the feeder, but the feeder itself does not attract sustained fixations. The frequency of landmark inspections is highest when the ant is close to the feeder and falls as the ant moves away. In common with learning flights, inspections of landmarks on departure become less frequent as ants become familiar with their surroundings and reappear after a long interval without foraging. A principal difference between the learning flights of wasps and bees and this putative learning behaviour in ants is the emphasis that ants place on landmark fixation. Ants and honeybees move differently when searching for a goal within an array of transformed landmarks. We have explored, using computer simulation, whether this difference can be explained by the prominence ants give to the matching of landmarks viewed in the frontal visual field.

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Schwarz, Sebastian, Michael Mangan, Barbara Webb, and Antoine Wystrach. "Route-following ants respond to alterations of the view sequence." Journal of Experimental Biology 223, no. 14 (June 2, 2020): jeb218701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.218701.

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ABSTRACTAnts can navigate by comparing the currently perceived view with memorised views along a familiar foraging route. Models regarding route-following suggest that the views are stored and recalled independently of the sequence in which they occur. Hence, the ant only needs to evaluate the instantaneous familiarity of the current view to obtain a heading direction. This study investigates whether ant homing behaviour is influenced by alterations in the sequence of views experienced along a familiar route, using the frequency of stop-and-scan behaviour as an indicator of the ant's navigational uncertainty. Ants were trained to forage between their nest and a feeder which they exited through a short channel before proceeding along the homeward route. In tests, ants were collected before entering the nest and released again in the channel, which was placed either in its original location or halfway along the route. Ants exiting the familiar channel in the middle of the route would thus experience familiar views in a novel sequence. Results show that ants exiting the channel scan significantly more when they find themselves in the middle of the route, compared with when emerging at the expected location near the feeder. This behaviour suggests that previously encountered views influence the recognition of current views, even when these views are highly familiar, revealing a sequence component to route memory. How information about view sequences could be implemented in the insect brain, as well as potential alternative explanations to our results, are discussed.

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34

Winch, Judith M., and J. Riley. "Experimental studies on the life-cycle ofRaillietiella gigliolii(Pentastomida: Cephalobaenida) in the South American worm-lizardAmphisbaena alba: a unique interaction involving two insects." Parasitology 91, no. 3 (December 1985): 471–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000062715.

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SUMMARYRaillietiella giglioliiis a cephalobaenid pentastomid which inhabits the lungs of the South American worm-lizardAmphisbaena alba. The host is a facultative inquiline of nests of the leaf-cutting antAtta cephaloteswhere it feeds occasionally (and possibly by accident) on ants but more often on beetles and their larvae which are themselves inquilines of ant nests. Ants store exhausted leaf-substrate in special underground chambers which serve as refuse dumps and it is here that larvae of the three-horned rhinoceros beetleCoetosis bilobafeed: these larvae are also known to be prey items ofA. alba. From observations of captive colonies ofAtta, we have demonstrated that pentastomid-egg contaminated faeces ofA. alba, introduced into the colony, are rapidly cut up and thrown onto the refuse dump, where, under natural circumstances they will be eaten byCoelosis. These larvae have an unusual and highly specialized gut physiology and parasite eggs will develop to an infective stage within the haemocoel in 70–96 days. Cockroaches are refractory to infection. Ants are the vital link in transmission since they literally deliver eggs to theCoelosislarvae. The strong trophic links which exist between the various components of the life-cycle offset a low fecundity of 100 eggs/female parasite/day but nonetheless maintain a high prevalence (86%) of infection.

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35

LALOR, PABLO F., and WILLIAM O. H. HUGHES. "Alarm behaviour in Eciton army ants." Physiological Entomology 36, no. 1 (February 15, 2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.2010.00749.x.

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van Bergen, Y. "CAN ANTS PREDICT EARTHQUAKES?" Journal of Experimental Biology 208, no. 16 (August 15, 2005): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.01797.

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Pulver, S. "HOW ANTS SWITCH JOBS." Journal of Experimental Biology 212, no. 13 (June 12, 2009): v. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.021477.

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Knight, K. "KNOWLEDGEABLE ANTS LEAD MIGRATION." Journal of Experimental Biology 214, no. 18 (August 24, 2011): i—ii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.063776.

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Phillips, K. "ANTS' HOME APPROACHES DIFFER." Journal of Experimental Biology 207, no. 19 (September 1, 2004): ii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.01215.

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Knight, Kathryn. "Ants discover inner junkie." Journal of Experimental Biology 219, no. 18 (September 15, 2016): 2776. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.149047.

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41

Katayama, Noboru, and Nobuhiko Suzuki. "Cost and benefit of ant attendance for Aphis craccivora (Hemiptera: Aphididae) with reference to aphid colony size." Canadian Entomologist 134, no. 2 (April 2002): 241–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent134241-2.

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AbstractHoneydew utilization by the ant Lasius niger L. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), honeydew excretion cost for the aphid Aphis craccivora Koch, and ant protection service for aphids against the lady beetle Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were examined in a laboratory. The duration of honeydew utilization by ants increased with increase in aphid density. The presence of ants shortened the residence time of the lady beetle larva on a plant and reduced the proportion of aphids eaten. At a density of 5 aphids per plant, one aphid with ants excreted honeydew at a frequency two times higher than that of an aphid without ants, but not at a density of 100 aphids per plant. Therefore, a larger aphid colony may increase the benefit and decrease the cost of ant attendance.

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Ruchty, Markus, Flavio Roces, and Christoph Johannes Kleineidam. "Detection of Minute Temperature Transients by Thermosensitive Neurons in Ants." Journal of Neurophysiology 104, no. 3 (September 2010): 1249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00390.2010.

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The antennae of leaf-cutting ants are equipped with sensilla coeloconica that house three receptor neurons, one of which is thermosensitive. Using convective heat (air at different temperatures), we investigated the physiological characteristics of the thermosensitive neuron associated with the sensilla coeloconica in the leaf-cutting ant Atta vollenweideri. The thermosensitive neuron very quickly responds to a drop in temperature with a brief phasic increase (50 ms) in spike rate and thus classifies as cold receptor (ambient temperature = 24°C). The short latency and the brief phasic response enable the thermosensitive neuron to follow temperature transients up to an estimated frequency of around 5 Hz. Although the neuron responds as a cold receptor, it is extremely sensitive to warm stimuli. A temperature increase of only 0.005°C already leads to a pronounced decrease in the resting activity of the thermosensitive neuron. Through sensory adaptation, the sensitivity to temperature transients is maintained over a wide range of ambient temperatures (18–30°C). We conclude that the thermosensitive neuron of the sensilla coeloconica is adapted to detect minute temperature transients, providing the ants with thermal information of their microenvironment, which they may use for orientation.

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Estrada, Catalina, William T. Wcislo, and Sunshine A. Van Bael. "Symbiotic fungi alter plant chemistry that discourages leaf-cutting ants." New Phytologist 198, no. 1 (February 13, 2013): 241–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.12140.

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Falibene, Agustina, Alberto de Figueiredo Gontijo, and Roxana Josens. "Sucking pump activity in feeding behaviour regulation in carpenter ants." Journal of Insect Physiology 55, no. 6 (June 2009): 518–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinsphys.2009.01.015.

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Hölldobler, Bert, and Edward O. Wilson. "Nest area exploration and recognition in leafcutter ants (Atta cephalotes)." Journal of Insect Physiology 32, no. 2 (January 1986): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1910(86)90133-2.

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Heinze, J. "9.2. Communication in Ants: between cheating and honest signalling." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology 148 (August 2007): S35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2007.06.088.

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Tsuruoka, Tomoko, Erika Nariyoshi, Mamiko Ozaki, and Masayuki Iwasaki. "Ultrastructure of antennal hydrocarbon sensilla of ants, Camponotus japonicus." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 145, no. 3-4 (November 2006): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.10.064.

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Fukushi, Tsukasa. "Homing in wood ants, Formica japonica: use of the skyline panorama." Journal of Experimental Biology 204, no. 12 (June 15, 2001): 2063–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204.12.2063.

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SUMMARY Homeward orientation was studied in wood ants Formica japonica that, while foraging, shuttled back and forth along a 7.9m route between the nest and a feeding site located on a wide terrace platform surrounded by a conspicuous landmark panorama. The return runs of the ants were amazingly straight, not only in the controls (starting at the feeding site) but also in ants displaced for various distances to the left and right of the feeding site. These courses, however, were oriented neither parallel to the predisplacement courses nor directly towards the nest. This result excludes the use of chemical cues and celestial compass cues. Furthermore, the nest itself, or some object close to it, could not have served as a beacon. The extensions of the homeward paths taken by ants that had been displaced to various release sites up to 11m sideways from the training route intersected at a point far (approximately 13m) behind the nest. This result suggests that the ants used distant landmarks seen by them in their frontal fields of view. To test this hypothesis, the distant landmark panorama was concealed by an opaque sheet mounted at right angles to the normal return route of the ants and extending up to different elevations. Shielding the lower part of the landmark panorama had no effect on the homeward paths. However, when the screen was mounted in such a way that the ants could only see the top skyline, represented by the upper edges of a line of trees, for part of their return run, it was only during these parts that their path was oriented in the homeward direction. When, during the course of displacement experiments, the ants were deprived of their familiar skyline panorama, they moved in their home direction only for an extremely short distance (0.1–0.4m rather than the usual 7.9m) and then started a systematic search programme. Hence, in the present context, skylight information is not used, at least not extensively. Instead, ants use the distant skyline as a navigational guidemark.

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HOOD, W. GREGORY, and WALTER R. TSCHINKEL. "Desiccation resistance in arboreal and terrestrial ants." Physiological Entomology 15, no. 1 (March 1990): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3032.1990.tb00489.x.

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He, Tianhua, Byron B. Lamont, Siegfried L. Krauss, Neal J. Enright, Ben P. Miller, and Aaron D. Gove. "Ants cannot account for interpopulation dispersal of the arillate peaDaviesia triflora." New Phytologist 181, no. 3 (November 19, 2008): 725–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02686.x.

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