Relevant bibliographies by topics / Antivirals

Academic literature on the topic 'Antivirals'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Antivirals"

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Clercq, Erik De. "Antivirals and antiviral strategies." Nature Reviews Microbiology 2, no. 9 (September 2004): 704–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro975.

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Wang, Yi, Yu-yuan Li, and Wen Guo. "Original Article .The Optimal Allocation of Investment between Antivirals and Vaccines for Influenza Pandemic Preparedness Planning." Infection International 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ii-2017-0004.

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Abstract Objectives To investigate that given a fixed amount of financial resources, what is the optimal combination of vaccine and antiviral stockpiles in terms of minimizing the attack rate. Methods Mathematic modeling was used to simulate the dynamics that with fixed influenza pandemic budget. Different budget conditions were observed if the combination changed. Framework between vaccines and antivirals was introduced by taking into account the uncertainty in vaccine and antiviral efficacy. Results Given a fixed budget, different budget allocations between vaccines and antivirals stockpile gave different attack rates. When the price of vaccine was lower than or similar with the antivirals, the attack rate increased with increasing investment in antiviral. But if the price of the vaccine was higher than the antivirals, the attack rate may not decrease with increasing investment in vaccine. Fixed the vaccine effectiveness, higher effectiveness of antiviral got a lower attack rate.When both antiviral and vaccine were with 50% probability of effectiveness, the attack rate changed by antiviral stockpile with a same pattern as they were with 100% efficacy probability, even it has a higher attack rate. Conclusions Assume the antivirals have 100% probability to be effective, budget was limited to a fix number, then in any event, population should stockpile a small amount of antivirals such that if the post-vaccination reproductive number turns out to be near 1, the additional intervention may further reduce the reproductive number to <1 and prevent the epidemic. Under the fixed budget, the price of the vaccines and antivirals will strongly affect the strategy of the stockpile allocation. When the price of vaccine is comparative lower, more investment of vaccine is better for the pandemic control, but if the vaccine price is too high then more investment in antiviral may be better. We found that attack rates and the optimal budget allocation depend on the probability to be effective of vaccine and antivirals.
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Glass, Kathryn, and Niels G. Becker. "Estimating antiviral effectiveness against pandemic influenza using household data." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 6, no. 37 (December 5, 2008): 695–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2008.0404.

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Current estimates of antiviral effectiveness for influenza are based on the existing strains of the virus. Should a pandemic strain emerge, strain-specific estimates will be required as early as possible to ensure that antiviral stockpiles are used optimally and to compare the benefits of using antivirals as prophylaxis or to treat cases. We present a method to measure antiviral effectiveness using early pandemic data on household outbreak sizes, including households that are provided with antivirals for prophylaxis and those provided with antivirals for treatment only. We can assess whether antiviral drugs have a significant impact on susceptibility or on infectivity with the data from approximately 200 to 500 households with a primary case. Fewer households will suffice if the data can be collected before case numbers become high, and estimates are more precise if the study includes data from prophylaxed households and households where no antivirals are provided. Rates of asymptomatic infection and the level of transmissibility of the virus do not affect the accuracy of these estimates greatly, but the pattern of infectivity in the individual strongly influences the estimate of the effect of antivirals on infectivity. An accurate characterization of the infectiousness profile—informed by strain-specific data—is essential for measuring antiviral effectiveness.
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Koban, Robert, Markus Neumann, Philipp P. Nelson, and Heinz Ellerbrok. "Differential Efficacy of Novel Antiviral Substances in 3D and Monolayer Cell Culture." Viruses 12, no. 11 (November 12, 2020): 1294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12111294.

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Repurposing of approved drugs that target host functions also important for virus replication promises to overcome the shortage of antiviral therapeutics. Mostly, virus biology including initial screening of antivirals is studied in conventional monolayer cells. The biology of these cells differs considerably from infected tissues. 3D culture models with characteristics of human tissues may reflect more realistically the in vivo events during infection. We screened first, second, and third generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-inhibitors with different modes of action and the EGFR-blocking monoclonal antibody cetuximab in a 3D cell culture infection model with primary human keratinocytes and cowpox virus (CPXV) for antiviral activity. Antiviral activity of erlotinib and osimertinib was nearly unaffected by the cultivation method similar to the virus-directed antivirals tecovirimat and cidofovir. In contrast, the host-directed inhibitors afatinib and cetuximab were approx. 100-fold more efficient against CPXV in the 3D infection model, similar to previous results with gefitinib. In summary, inhibition of EGFR-signaling downregulates virus replication comparable to established virus-directed antivirals. However, in contrast to virus-directed inhibitors, in vitro efficacy of host-directed antivirals might be seriously affected by cell cultivation. Results obtained for afatinib and cetuximab suggest that screening of such drugs in standard monolayer culture might underestimate their potential as antivirals.
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Hurt, Aeron C. "Antiviral Therapy for the Next Influenza Pandemic." Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 4, no. 2 (April 18, 2019): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed4020067.

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Influenza antivirals will play a critical role in the treatment of outpatients and hospitalised patients in the next pandemic. In the past decade, a number of new influenza antivirals have been licensed for seasonal influenza, which can now be considered for inclusion into antiviral stockpiles held by the World Health Organization (WHO) and individual countries. However, data gaps remain regarding the effectiveness of new and existing antivirals in severely ill patients, and regarding which monotherapy or combinations of antivirals may yield the greatest improvement in outcomes. Regardless of the drug being used, influenza antivirals are most effective when treatment is initiated early in the course of infection, and therefore in a pandemic, effective strategies which enable rapid diagnosis and prompt delivery will yield the greatest benefits.
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Oksenych, Valentyn, and Denis E. Kainov. "Broad-Spectrum Antivirals and Antiviral Drug Combinations." Viruses 14, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14020301.

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Lee, Michelle Felicia, Yuan Seng Wu, and Chit Laa Poh. "Molecular Mechanisms of Antiviral Agents against Dengue Virus." Viruses 15, no. 3 (March 8, 2023): 705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15030705.

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Dengue is a major global health threat causing 390 million dengue infections and 25,000 deaths annually. The lack of efficacy of the licensed Dengvaxia vaccine and the absence of a clinically approved antiviral against dengue virus (DENV) drive the urgent demand for the development of novel anti-DENV therapeutics. Various antiviral agents have been developed and investigated for their anti-DENV activities. This review discusses the mechanisms of action employed by various antiviral agents against DENV. The development of host-directed antivirals targeting host receptors and direct-acting antivirals targeting DENV structural and non-structural proteins are reviewed. In addition, the development of antivirals that target different stages during post-infection such as viral replication, viral maturation, and viral assembly are reviewed. Antiviral agents designed based on these molecular mechanisms of action could lead to the discovery and development of novel anti-DENV therapeutics for the treatment of dengue infections. Evaluations of combinations of antiviral drugs with different mechanisms of action could also lead to the development of synergistic drug combinations for the treatment of dengue at any stage of the infection.
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Ley, Sidney. "Popular Influenza Antiviral Drugs: Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Resistance." BioScientific Review 5, no. 2 (August 29, 2023): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/bsr.52.08.

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Influenza viruses cause acute respiratory infections responsible for significant mortality and morbidity around the world. Various factors, such as antigenic drift, allow influenza strains to avoid being fully suppressed by seasonal vaccines. This has led to the increased scrutiny of antivirals as treatment and prophylaxis options for seasonal outbreaks and potential pandemics. Unfortunately, many influenza antivirals suffer from a lack of adequate clinical trials, as well as a lack of toxicity data. This is especially true of umifenovir (arbidol), a drug popularly used for the prevention and treatment of influenza strains in China and Russia. Neuraminidase inhibitors, though widely prescribed, display a potential for future resistance. Adamantanes, while proven to be effective in treating influenza A, are already encountering rapid and widespread cross-resistance and are effectively obsolete. Baloxavir marboxil, a newer antiviral, shows promise in treating acute uncomplicated influenza and may avoid the development of resistance when co-administered with other antiviral drugs. Indeed, the low genetic barrier to resistance associated with influenza antivirals could potentially be overcome by co-administration with other antivirals. This review explores the most widely prescribed antivirals for influenza treatment, their mechanisms of action, and the data currently available about their susceptibility to resistance and efficacy.
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Hajjo, Rima, Dima A. Sabbah, Osama H. Abusara, Reham Kharmah, and Sanaa Bardaweel. "Targeting Human Proteins for Antiviral Drug Discovery and Repurposing Efforts: A Focus on Protein Kinases." Viruses 15, no. 2 (February 19, 2023): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15020568.

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Despite the great technological and medical advances in fighting viral diseases, new therapies for most of them are still lacking, and existing antivirals suffer from major limitations regarding drug resistance and a limited spectrum of activity. In fact, most approved antivirals are directly acting antiviral (DAA) drugs, which interfere with viral proteins and confer great selectivity towards their viral targets but suffer from resistance and limited spectrum. Nowadays, host-targeted antivirals (HTAs) are on the rise, in the drug discovery and development pipelines, in academia and in the pharmaceutical industry. These drugs target host proteins involved in the virus life cycle and are considered promising alternatives to DAAs due to their broader spectrum and lower potential for resistance. Herein, we discuss an important class of HTAs that modulate signal transduction pathways by targeting host kinases. Kinases are considered key enzymes that control virus-host interactions. We also provide a synopsis of the antiviral drug discovery and development pipeline detailing antiviral kinase targets, drug types, therapeutic classes for repurposed drugs, and top developing organizations. Furthermore, we detail the drug design and repurposing considerations, as well as the limitations and challenges, for kinase-targeted antivirals, including the choice of the binding sites, physicochemical properties, and drug combinations.
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Peiffer, Kai-Henrik, and Stefan Zeuzem. "Behandlung von Hepatitis-C-Infektionen im Zeitalter direkt wirkender antiviraler Medikamente (DAAs)." Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz 65, no. 2 (January 10, 2022): 246–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00103-021-03481-z.

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ZusammenfassungDie chronische Hepatitis-C-Infektion kann unbehandelt zu schwerwiegenden und potenziell lebensbedrohlichen leberassoziierten Komplikationen führen. Grundsätzlich stellt damit jede chronische Infektion mit dem Hepatitis-C-Virus (HCV) eine Indikation zur antiviralen Therapie dar. Besonders dringlich ist sie jedoch bei Patient*innen mit fortgeschrittener Lebererkrankung. In diesem Beitrag werden Indikation, Therapieziele und Grundprinzipien der direkt antiviralen Therapie beschrieben. Verschiedene Therapieregime und Möglichkeiten der Überwachung von Therapie und Therapieerfolg werden vorgestellt.Heutzutage wird die chronische HCV-Infektion interferonfrei mit direkt antiviral wirksamen Medikamenten („direct acting antivirals“ – DAA) behandelt, wobei die Wahl der Medikamente von HCV-Genotyp, Vortherapie und Fibrosestatus abhängt. Patient*innen mit kompensierter Leberzirrhose und solche ohne Leberzirrhose weisen unter Behandlung vergleichbar hohe Viruseradikationsraten auf. Auch bei dekompensierter Leberzirrhose oder dialysepflichtiger Niereninsuffizienz und selbst bei Kindern ab einem Alter von 3 Jahren ist heutzutage eine sichere und hocheffiziente antivirale Behandlung möglich. Medikamenteninteraktionen sind zu beachten, können aber einfach und schnell im Internet überprüft werden. Auch wenn sich die Prognose nach HCV-Eradikation deutlich verbessert, sollten Patient*innen mit fortgeschrittener Leberfibrose bzw. einer Leberzirrhose lebenslang weiterbeobachtet werden, um die Entstehung eines hepatozellulären Karzinoms rechtzeitig zu erkennen (HCC-Surveillance).
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Antivirals"

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Chen, Qian. "Caracterización molecular del perfil de resistencias del virus de la hepatitis C después del fallo terapéutico a antivirales de acción directa mediante secuenciación masiva." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/666656.

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La infección crónica por el virus de la hepatitis C constituye un problema de salud pública a nivel mundial por su contribución al desarrollo de enfermedades hepáticas avanzadas y carcinoma hepatocelular. Actualmente, gracias a la disponibilidad de terapias antivirales altamente eficaces y bien toleradas basadas en combinaciones de antivirales de acción directa (DAAs) se han logrado tasas de respuesta virológica sostenida (RVS) en el 95% de los pacientes. A pesar de la excelente eficacia de los DAAs, sigue habiendo un porcentaje considerable de pacientes que no alcanzan la curación virológica. Tras el fallo terapéutico, es frecuente observar la selección de sustituciones asociadas a resistencia (RASs) a frecuencias altas en la población viral. Mientras que la selección de RASs tiene un papel importante en el fracaso terapéutico, el impacto clínico de las RASs, así como su relevancia en el retratamiento sigue siendo una cuestión abierta. Hoy en día, se disponen de pocos estudios en vida real sobre RASs, estando la mayoría basados en secuenciación Sanger. En la presente Tesis Doctoral, se ha realizado un estudio de resistencias de una cohorte de 220 pacientes con fracaso terapéutico a combinaciones de DAAs mediante secuenciación masiva. En los resultados obtenidos, se observaron patrones de resistencia específicos de subtipo viral tras el fallo a combinaciones de DAAs, lo cual realza la importancia del uso de cebadores específicos de subtipo para evitar sesgos en la amplificación. Se caracterizaron varias combinaciones de RASs altamente prevalentes, sugiriendo la importancia de su detección antes del retratamiento por los elevados niveles de resistencia que confieren. Además, considerando la prevalencia de las RASs en las regiones que mapean fuera de las regiones frente a las que van dirigidos los antivirales de acción directa, es recomendable analizar todas las regiones terapéuticas para decidir el tratamiento de rescate. En resumen, la alta prevalencia de RASs tras el fallo terapéutico, la gran cantidad de RASs minoritarias y las combinaciones de RASs en el mismo genoma, reafirman la importancia de su análisis antes del retratamiento usando secuenciación masiva ultra profunda para maximizar las tasas de RVS. Sería de gran interés conocer los resultados de aquellos pacientes sometidos a retratamiento para caracterizar las RASs clínicamente
Chronic hepatitis C infection is considered as a major public health issue worldwide due to its linkage to the development of advanced liver diseases and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, the availability of highly efficient and well-tolerated antiviral therapies based on combinations of direct acting antivirals (DAAs) has provided sustained virological response (SVR) in nearly 95% of patients. Despite the excellent efficacy of DAAs, still a non-negligible percentage of patients do not achieve virological cure. At treatment failure, resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) are usually selected at high frequencies in the viral population. While selection of RASs has an important role in treatment failure, the clinical impact of RASs and its relevance in retreatment still remain unknown. Few real-life data on RASs testing are available, mainly performed by Sanger sequencing. In this PhD Thesis, we have performed a RASs analysis in a cohort of 220 patients who experienced treatment failure to several DAA combinations using next generation sequencing. In our analysis, the RASs profile that emerge after each DAA-based treatment was subtype-specific, which strongly suggests the use of subtype-specific primers to avoid amplification bias. Also, several high prevalent RASs combinations were characterized, suggesting the importance of their detection before retreatment due to their high level of resistance. Moreover, attending to the high occurrence of extra-target RASs detected, testing all genomic regions for RASs analysis is strongly recommended for treatment decision making. In summary, the high prevalence of RASs at treatment failure, the high amount of minority RASs and the combination of RASs at the same genome, reinforce the importance of RASs analysis before retreatment using ultra-deep sequencing in order to maximize SVR. The outcome of patients who undergo retreatment should be also analysed in order to characterize clinically meaningful RASs.
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BASILE, TERESA. "Pericyclic Reaction for Antivirals." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1318326.

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Questa tesi di dottorato ha lo scopo di sintetizzare nuovi nucleosidi carbonilici sfruttando la chimica degli intermedi nitrosocarbonilici e dei nitrilossidi. La tesi può essere suddivisa in tre argomenti principali: a) I primi studi sono stati condotti sugli analoghi nucleosidici del 4-idrossi-2-ciclopentenone, uno scaffold presente in numerosi prodotti naturali e biologicamente attivi. Questo può essere facilmente funzionalizzato utilizzando opportuni gruppi uscenti al fine di realizzare una sostituzione nucleofila per linserimento di diverse eterobasi. b) La seconda parte è dedicata alla generazione di intermedi nitrosocarbonilici usando un approccio fotochimico. Lo starting material, un acido idrossamico o un suo sale, viene ossidato per mezzo del TBADT. Questi intermedi nitrosocarbonilici possono essere poi intercettati da opportuni dieni in una cicloaddizione [4 + 2] nota come nitroso-Diels-Alder (NDA) per generare una varietà di cicloaddotti. c) Infine, lo studio e la sintesi di diversi acidi idrossamici per la generazione degli intermedi nitrosocarbonili ci ha condotti ad una nuova sintesi step-economy del Panobinostat. Il Panobinostat o commercialmente chiamato Farydak, è un acido idrossamico complesso con importanti proprietà biologiche e chemioterapiche.
The synthesis of new nucleoside analogues is a new approach in viral chemotherapy showing a remarkable activity towards different types of viruses. The aim of this work is to synthetize new carbocyclic nucleosides by taking advantage of the chemistry of nitrosocarbonyl intermediates and nitrile oxides. The thesis can be divided in three main topics: a) First of all, were conducted synthetic studies of nucleoside analogues of racemic 4-hydroxy-2-cyclopentenone, a scaffold often found in natural products and biologically active compounds. This core can be easily functionalized with suitable leaving groups to perform nucleophilic substitution reaction or metal-catalyzed synthesis to access nucleoside analogues by insertion of several heterobases. The reaction can be also evaluated in its optically pure version. Docking studies guided the choice of the functional groups in order to increase or modify properly the biological activity. Apoptotic activities were evaluated for the most promising compounds. b) In this part, nitrosocarbonyls were generated using a photochemical reaction method. The starting material, an hydroxamic acid or its corresponding salt, was tested in oxidant room of TBADT. The tetrabutylammonium decatungstate (TBADT) is an efficient and robust photocatalyst able to promote photoredox reactions, as well as hydrogen atom transfer processes, starting from different classes of organic substrates. The [4+2] cycloaddition of dienes with nitrosocompounds, namely the nitroso-Diels-Alder (NDA) reaction, is a versatile method to generate highly reactive acylnitroso species from hydroxamic acid derivatives. Since nitrosocarbonyl intermediates participate in a variety of organic reactions, the in situ formation of this highly reactive species using photoredox conditions furnished a general procedure for patterning surfaces bearing a range of properties. c) Finally, we proposed a new synthesis of Panobinostat, a complex hydroxamic acid with important biological properties. Specifically, it is an orally administered drug for the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma. In this context, for its relevant pharmacological role, is essential to identify new step-economy and waste-economy approach to access this important compound.
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Jayawardena, Shanthi. "Control of influenza detection and antivirals /." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40039742.

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Fleta, Soriano Eric 1983. "Broad-spectrum host-acting antivirals: identification and characterization of anti-HIV drugs." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/402212.

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Hundreds of host factors related to viral infections like HIV, hepatitis C virus, dengue virus or West Nile virus have been identified. As many of these host factors are shared by different viruses, chemical blockade of key virus-associated cellular components may effectively act as broad-spectrum antiviral treatment. Broad-spectrum host-acting antivirals (HAAs) may reduce treatment complexity and costs, increase adherence to the therapy and may pose a higher barrier to develop resistance. In this thesis a high-throughput anti-HIV assay was used to screen for virus inhibitory effects of a library of secondary metabolites derived from myxobacteria. Compounds with high anti-HIV activity and low toxicity were classified as hits and two of them (ratjadone A and soraphen A) were selected for further analysis. The mechanism of HIV inhibition of both compounds is described here. The results presented in this thesis show that broad-spectrum HAAs are a feasible option for antiviral treatment and that the compounds identified can be further studied for hit-to-lead compound development.
Cientos de factores del huésped relacionados con infecciones virales por VIH, hepatitis C, dengue o virus del Nilo occidental han sido identificados. Como muchos de esos factores del huésped son compartidos por diferentes virus, el bloqueo químico de un componente celular clave asociado al virus podría actuar de forma efectiva como un tratamiento antiviral de amplio espectro. Antivirales de amplio espectro contra factores del huésped podrían reducir la complejidad y el coste del tratamiento, incrementar el cumplimiento de la terapia y pueden suponer una barrera mayor al desarrollo de resistencia. En esta tesis un cribado de alta capacidad anti-VIH fue aplicado a una librería de metabolitos secundarios de myxobacteria. Compuestos con alta actividad anti-VIH y baja toxicidad fueron clasificados como hits y dos de ellos (ratjadone A y soraphen A) fueron seleccionados para posteriores estudios. El mecanismo de inhibition de VIH de ambos compuestos es descrito aquí. Los resultados presentados en esta tesis muestran que usar antivirales de amplio espectro contra factores del huésped es un opción viable para tratamientos antivirales y que los compuestos identificados pueden ser estudiados para el desarrollo de fármacos.
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Meister, Gabriel T. "Antiviral mechanism(s) of the experimental immunosuppressive agent leflunomide against human cytomegalovirus and polyomavirus." Connect to this title online, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1111428519.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 127 p.; also includes graphics (some col.) Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-127). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Hussain, S. "Iminosugars as antivirals against human influenza A viruses." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1383772/.

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Influenza A viruses cause seasonal epidemics and pandemics in the human population, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Influenza can be controlled by vaccination and antiviral therapy. However, antigenic drift, reducing vaccine effectiveness, and the development of antiviral resistance can result in reduced efficacy of the control measures. Drugs that target host cell processes, such as glycosylation, may be employed to complement drugs that target the virus, and iminosugar compounds which inhibit α-glucosidases have been reported to show antiviral activity against some viruses. Here, I have examined the effect of two iminosugars on human influenza A viruses. I have shown that two α-glucosidase inhibitors, N-butyl deoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ) and N-nonyl deoxynojirimycin (NN-DNJ), show antiviral activity in cell culture against three human influenza A viruses: a recently circulating seasonal H3N2 virus strain, A/Brisbane/10/2007, an older H3N2 strain, A/Udorn/307/72, and a representative of the currently circulating pandemic H1N1 virus, A/Lviv/N6/2009. Of the two, NN-DNJ was the more potent drug. The virus target and mode of action of NN-DNJ has been examined. The effect of the drug was most marked after infection. Consistent with its action as an α-glucosidase inhibitor, NN-DNJ treatment resulted in altered glycan processing, as shown by a reduction in electrophoretic mobility of both influenza virus glycoproteins, haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). NN-DNJ treatment was found to reduce cell surface expression of H3 HA. The level of sialidase activity of NA was reduced in the infected cell, however addition of exogenous sialidase to cells did not complement NN-DNJ mediated inhibition of virus replication. Using reassortant viruses, the drug susceptibility profile correlated with the HA. Reverse genetics was used to determine the effect of altering the glycosylation status of the HA; engineered viruses carrying modified sites seemed slightly more sensitive to the inhibitor than the parent virus. These results show that NN-DNJ inhibits influenza A virus replication in a strain-specific manner which is dependent on the HA.
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Hadpech, Sudarat. "Nouveaux agents antiviraux dérivés de protéines cellulaires à motifs répétés et ciblant l’assemblage du VIH." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1139/document.

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Au cours de notre programme de thèse, nous avons isolé et caractérisé des molécules protéiques à activité antivirale intracellulaire dirigée contre le VIH-1. Ces protéines, appelées aRep, ont été obtenues par criblage d'une banque de protéines artificielles de nouvelle génération, construites de façon combinatoire à partir de protéines naturelles constituées de motifs alpha-hélicoidaux répétés. La cible virale, ou "appât", utilisé pour ce criblage a été une région de la polyprotéine Gag du VIH-1 identifiée comme une cible privilégiée de nouvelles thérapeutiques antivirales, car essentielle à l'assemblage viral, l'empaquetage du génome viral et le clivage de maturation de Gag aboutissant à la formation de virions infectieux. Deux molécules d'aRep à affinité élevée pour la cible virale, l'aRep4E3 (32 kDa; 7 motifs répétés) et l'aRep9A8 (28 kDa; 6 motifs répétés) ont ainsi été identifiées, isolées et clonées. L'étude de l'activité anti-VIH intracellulaire de ces aRep a été réalisée dans différents systèmes d'expression cellulaire, nécessitant la construction de lignées stables de cellules d'insecte et de cellules épithéliales humaines, et leur infection par différents types de vecteurs viraux recombinants, baculovirus ou lentivirus, porteurs du gène rapporteur luciférase. Mais surtout, cette étude a été menée sur des cellules lymphocytaires-T (SupT1), cibles naturelles du virus, exprimant ces aRep et infectées par du VIH-1 naturel infectieux. Nos résultats ont montré que l'aRep4E3 et l'aRep9A8 ont toutes deux un effet négatif significatif sur le cycle réplicatif du VIH-1, mais ciblent des fonctions virales différentes. L'aRep4E3 bloque l'empaquetage du génome viral, tandis que l'aRep9A8 inhibe la maturation et diminue l'infectivité virale. De plus, l'aRep9A8, exprimée de façon constitutive dans les cellules SupT1, leur confère une résistance au VIH: une lignée de SupT1 chroniquement infectée par le VIH-1 a pu être ainsi isolée et maintenue en culture pendant plusieurs semaines, sans effet cytopathique viro-induit apparent. Ces nouvelles données auront des implications non-négligeables dans le choix et la conduite de futures stratégies de thérapie cellulaire anti-VIH
HIV-1 infection is a long-term disease which required a long-life treatment. Besides the standard HAART regiment, HIV gene therapy is a promising alternative strategy which give rise to hope for the better HIV-1 treatment. Protein therapeutics is one another technique that represent high impact results in curing various types of disease. It is already become a significant part of current medical treatments. In this study we first designed aRep, a non-immunoglobulin scaffold protein which target two domains of HIV-1 Pr55Gag, SP1-NC and investigated their roles as an intracellular therapeutic agents. Phage display technology was used for the specific isolation of aRep against a critical C-terminal region of the HIV-1 Pr55Gag precursor from a large and diverse library. The antiviral activity of these two Pr55Gag binders was investigated using different cell systems. Two aRep scaffolds aRep4E3 and aRep9A8 were isolated and characterized. aRep4E3 contains 7 repeat motifs (32 kDa), meanwhile aRep9A8 has 6 repeat motifs (28 kDa). These two scaffold molecules found to be able to display antiviral effects on the late stage of HIV-1 replication, by reducing and delaying the viral progeny production. The difference in the molecular mechanism was observed between these two aRep proteins: aRep4E3 mainly interferes with the packaging of the viral genome, meanwhile aRep9A8 interferes with the proteolytic processing of Gag, and performs as a protease inhibitor to prevent the PR cleavage required for the production of newly infectious mature virus. Interestingly, aRep9A8 is able to survive in the chronical HIV-1 infected cells up to D38 pi with the low level of HIV-1 replication. Taken together, results suggested that aRep, a new type of scaffold protein could serve as a promising alternative agent in protein therapy, not only the HIV-1 infection but also the others pathogens or disorders
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Storm, Rickard. "Early host cell interactions and antivirals against ocular adenoviruses." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Virologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-99907.

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Viruses are common causative agents of ocular infection among humans. Epidemic keratoconjuntivitis (EKC) is a severe and contagious ocular disease with reported outbreaks worldwide. It is estimated that this disease affects 20-40 million individuals every year, which leads to huge socioeconomic costs for the affected countries. EKC is characterized by keratitis and conjunctivitis but is also associated with pain, edema, lacrimation, and decreased vision that can prolong for months after the infection and in rare cases years. This disease is caused by human adenoviruses (HAdVs), which belong to the family of Adenoviridae. Currently, there is no available treatment against EKC. EKC is mainly caused by HAdV-8, HAdV-19, HAdV-37, HAdV-53, HAdV-54, and HAdV-56, which belong to species D HAdVs. HAdV-8, HAdV-19 and HAdV-37 have previously been shown to use sialic acid (SA)-containing glycans as cellular receptors to bind to and infect human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells. To characterize the receptor in more detail, we performed a glycan array, which included SA-containing glycans. A branched hexasaccharide terminating with SA in each arm was identified as a candidate receptor. This glycan corresponds to the glycan motif found on a ganglioside, GD1a. By performing a series of biological and biochemical experiments we confirmed the function of the GD1a glycan as a cellular receptor for EKC-causing HAdVs. However, the glycan used as a receptor was linked to plasma membrane protein(s) through O-glycosidic bonds, rather than to a lipid (as in the ganglioside). X-ray crystallography analysis showed that the two terminal SA:s interacted with two of the three previously identified SA-binding sites on the knob domain of the HAdV-37 capsid protein known as the fiber. Based on the structural features of the GD1a:HAdV-37 knob interaction, we assumed that a three-armed molecule with each arm terminating with SA would be an efficient inhibitor. Such molecules were designed, synthesized and found to efficiently prevent HAdV-37 binding to and infection of corneal cells. These results indicate that trisialic acids-containing compounds may be used for treatment of EKC. After binding to its primary receptor, most HAdVs have been shown to interact with αVβ3 and αVβ5 integrins to enter human cells. This interaction occurs through the RGD (arginine-alanine-aspartic acid) motif in the capsid protein known as the penton base. However, it was not clear if corneal epithelial cells express αVβ3 and αVβ5 integrins. Thus, to better understand additional early steps of infection by EKC-causing HAdVs, we performed binding and infection competition experiments using human corneal epithelial cells and siRNA, integrin specific antibodies, peptides and RGD-containing ligands indicating that α3, αV, β1 affected HAdV-37 infection of but not binding to HCE cells. We could also see that HAdV-37 co-localize with α3 and αV at after entry into HCE cells. In situ histochemistry confirmed that the expression of α3 and αV in human corneal tissue. Overall, our results suggest that αV and α3 integrins are important for HAdV-37 infection of corneal cells. Altogether, these results provide further insight into the biology of HAdVs and open up for development of novel antiviral drugs.
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Khedr, Mohammed Abdou. "Computer-aided drug design and synthesis of novel antivirals." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2010. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54378/.

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The Flaviviridae is a family of 66 viruses of which almost half have been associated with human disease. The most well-known members are: Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Dengue virus (DV), and West Nile virus (WNV). Diseases caused by these viruses are a global health problem that put an estimated 2.5 billion people at risk. At present, there are neither vaccines nor other treatments available to prevent or cure these diseases. Potential targets for the development of therapeutics against the virus are the viral protease and polymerase. The aims of this project are to design and synthesize compounds that can be used as inhibitors for these two key enzymes for Dengue. Structure-based drug design methods utilize knowledge of a three dimensional structure of an enzyme/receptor to develop small molecules able to bind to the desired target, generating a specific biological response. These computer-based methodologies are now becoming an integral part of the drug discovery process and, although the principles of molecular recognition are far from being completely understood, some marketed compounds (i.e. Zanamivir, Lopinavir) have been developed with the help the of successful application of structure-based design techniques. Different structure-based drug design approaches have been used to identify putative new inhibitors for the Dengue protease and polymerase. A pharmacophore query has been built based on the active site of the Dengue protease enzyme and then used for screening different databases for identification of potential inhibitors. For the polymerase, a fragment-based approach has been used to find the fragments that would interact more efficiently with a specific binding pocket on the enzyme. The virtual library obtained by linking the best scored fragment was then docked to identify the most promising structures to be synthesized. The identification of potent small molecules that bind to receptors and enzymes is one of the major goals of chemical and biological research.
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Bhave, Sukhada. "INVESTIGATING SYNERGY BETWEEN RIBONUCLEOTIDE REDUCTASE INHIBITORS AND CMV ANTIVIRALS." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2838.

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections remain a significant problem in congenitally infected infants and immunocompromised individuals. Modest antiviral activities of currently approved drugs coupled with dose-limiting toxicities restrict effectiveness and promote development of resistance. The potential for ribonucleotide reductase (RR) inhibitors hydroxyurea (HU), Didox, and Trimidox to synergize, through reduction of nucleotide pools, with the deoxynucleotide analog Ganciclovir (GCV) was examined. A yield reduction assay that utilizes luciferase expressed by a recombinant virus as a surrogate measure of viral infectious units was developed and used to determine effective dose ranges for each drug. RR inhibitors exhibited intrinsic anti-CMV activities on their own with IC50 values well below toxic levels. Moreover, RR inhibitors significantly synergized with GCV. These findings provide a rationale for exploration of RR inhibitors and deoxynucleotide analogs in anti-CMV combination therapy.
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Books on the topic "Antivirals"

1

1944-, Cooper James, ed. Antivirals in the elderly. New York: Pharmaceutical Products Press, 1996.

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New trends in antivirals: Highlighting antisense oligonucleotides in medicine and agriculture. Norwalk, CT: Business Communications Co., 1992.

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H, Wagman Gerald, and Cooper Raymond, eds. Natural products isolation: Separation methods for antimicrobials, antivirals, and enzyme inhibitors. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1989.

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Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice., ed. Antivirals for pandemic influenza: Guidance on developing a distribution and dispensing program. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2008.

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International Symposium on Antivirals, Vaccines, and Immunotherapy of HIV Infection (1991 Tampa, Fla.). Papers from a satellite meeting of the 5th International Conference on Immunopharmacology, the International Symposium on Antivirals, Vaccines, and Immunotherapy of HIV Infection. Edited by Hadden John W. 1939-, Nonoyama Meihan, and International Conference on Immunopharmacology (5th : 1991 : Tampa, Fla.). Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1992.

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L, LaFemina Robert, and American Society for Microbiology, eds. Antiviral research: Strategies in antiviral drug discovery. Washington, DC: ASM Press, 2009.

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Challand, Richard. Antiviral chemotherapy. Oxford: Spektrum, 1997.

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LaFemina, Robert L., ed. Antiviral Research. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555815493.

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Kräusslich, Hans-Georg, and Ralf Bartenschlager, eds. Antiviral Strategies. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-79086-0.

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Ren, Shijun, Eric J. Lien, Noel A. Roberts, Q. May Wang, Beverly A. Heinz, Kirk A. Staschke, Joseph M. Colacino, and Elcira C. Villarreal. Antiviral Agents. Edited by E. Jucker. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7784-8.

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Book chapters on the topic "Antivirals"

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Wutzler, Peter, and Renate Klöcking. "Antivirals." In Dermatopharmacology of Topical Preparations, 135–56. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-57145-9_10.

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Prober, Charles G. "New Antivirals and Antiviral Resistance." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 9–12. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-8993-2_3.

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Cookson, Hannah. "Antivirals for Herpesviruses." In Handbook of Systemic Drug Treatment in Dermatology, 67–73. 3rd ed. London: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003016786-8.

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Hay, Alan J., Patrick J. Collins, and Rupert J. Russell. "Antivirals and Resistance." In Monographs in Virology, 252–71. Basel: KARGER, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000151659.

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Drobnis, Erma Z., and Ajay K. Nangia. "Antivirals and Male Reproduction." In Impacts of Medications on Male Fertility, 163–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69535-8_11.

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Bhattacharjee, Mrinal K. "Antifungals, Antimalarials, and Antivirals." In Chemistry of Antibiotics and Related Drugs, 175–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40746-3_8.

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Ison, Michael G., and Alan Hay. "Antivirals: Targets and use." In Textbook of Influenza, 392–418. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118636817.ch25.

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Jarad Peranteau, A., Ramya Vangipuram, Kevin Sharghi, and Stephen K. Tyring. "Systemic Antivirals in Dermatology." In Biologic and Systemic Agents in Dermatology, 451–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66884-0_41.

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Bhattacharjee, Mrinal K. "Antifungals, Antimalarials, and Antivirals." In Chemistry of Antibiotics and Related Drugs, 203–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-07582-7_8.

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Canonico, Peter G. "Antivirals for High Hazard Viruses." In Antiviral Drug Development, 55–72. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-7275-2_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Antivirals"

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Tuzikov, Alexander B., Alexander A. Chinarev, Alexandra S. Gambaryan, Vladimir A. Oleinikov, Dmitry V. Klinov, Nadezhda B. Matsko, Vasily A. Kadykov, et al. "SELF-ASSEMBLED GLYCOPEPTIDES: SUPRAMOLECULAR ANTIVIRALS?" In XXIst International Carbohydrate Symposium 2002. TheScientificWorld Ltd, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2002.422.

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Khan, G. H., M. Jeilani, S. Bryant, C. Butler, E. Iossifidis, S. Sleiman, S. H. Moosavi, J. Shoaib, and M. Szeto. "Hospital-onset COVID-19 and antivirals." In ERS International Congress 2022 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2022.4527.

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Adorno, Rafael, Diego Galeano, D. H. Stalder, Luca Cernuzzi, and Alberto Paccanaro. "A Recommender System Approach for Predicting Effective Antivirals." In 2021 XLVII Latin American Computing Conference (CLEI). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/clei53233.2021.9640217.

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Mayes, Cathryn, Sean Kinahan, Taylor Settecerri, Adrienne Greene, and Joshua Santarpia. "Use of CRISPR-based antivirals as broad-spectrum therapeutics." In Proposed for presentation at the Chemical and Biological Defense Science & Technology (CBD S&T) Conference held December 6-9, 2022 in San Francisco, CA. US DOE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2005670.

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Isnawati, Rina, and Anis Nur Widayati. "Marine macroalgae polysaccharides as potential antivirals in Asia: Review." In 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON APPLIED MATHEMATICS AND COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCES 2022 (ICAMCS-2022). AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/12.0025047.

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Too, Kathleen, Daniel M. Brown, and David Loakes. "Mutagenic nucleoside analogues for use as antivirals by error catastrophe." In XIIIth Symposium on Chemistry of Nucleic Acid Components. Prague: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/css200507315.

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Hernandez-Mejia, Gustavo, Edgar N. Sanchez, Victor M. Chan, and E. A. Hernandez-Vargas. "Impulsive Neural Control to Schedule Antivirals and Immunomodulators for COVID-19." In 2022 IEEE 61st Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc51059.2022.9992454.

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Andreeva, N. I., I. N. Davidyuk, S. Sahin, V. A. Zhirnova, S. Z. Validov, S. F. Khaiboullina, E. V. Martynova, and E. Kabwe. "CONFIRMATION OF VIRAL NUCLEOCAPSID PROTEIN PRODUCED IN RECOMBINANT ESCHERICHIA COLI CELLS." In OpenBio-2023. ИПЦ НГУ, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1526-1-45.

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The N protein of orthohantaviruses is the most abundant viral protein synthesized early after infection and plays a crucial role in intracellular transportation and assembly of mature virions. The N protein was successfully produced and confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting, which is a crucial step in the sequences of procedures to develop antivirals against HFRS.
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Holý, Antonín. "Synthetic approaches to "opened-ring" acyclic nucleoside phosphonates – novel type of antivirals." In XIIth Symposium on Chemistry of Nucleic Acid Components. Prague: Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/css200205027.

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Miarons, M., A. Sánchez, M. Camps, Q. Moreno, S. Marín, and L. Campins. "CP-154 Reversal fibrosis following new direct acting antivirals for hepatitis C." In 22nd EAHP Congress 22–24 March 2017 Cannes, France. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2017-000640.153.

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Reports on the topic "Antivirals"

1

Allen, J. Annual report: Applying the ATOM drug discovery platform to small-molecule antivirals. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1874551.

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McGlynn, Elizabeth, John Adams, Jason Kramer, Amandeep Sahota, Michael Silverberg, Elizabeth Shenkman, and David Nelson. Assessing the Safety of Direct-Acting Antivirals for Hepatitis C—A PCORnet Study. Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), June 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25302/06.2020.ri.rcr1000.

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Li, Hualing, Yuyi Gu, and Yunjian Sheng. Clinical outcomes after hepatitis C cure with direct-acting antivirals: A systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, June 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2024.6.0120.

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Hruby, Dennis E., and Tove C. Bolken. Smallpox Antiviral Drug. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada430565.

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Hruby, Dennis E. Smallpox Antiviral Drug. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada462351.

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Hruby, Dennis E. Smallpox Antiviral Drug. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada466159.

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Leson, Joel L. Microcomputer Antivirus Program. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada402392.

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Ward, Keith B. Antiviral Drugs: Molecular Modeling and QSAR. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada256419.

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Schneller, Stewart W. Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of Pyrazofurin Analogues. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada239014.

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Schneller, Stewart W. Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of Pyrazofurin Analogues. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada227154.

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