Relevant bibliographies by topics / Antiviral agents

Academic literature on the topic 'Antiviral agents'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 August 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Antiviral agents"

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Watts, D. Heather. "ANTIVIRAL AGENTS." Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America 19, no. 3 (September 1992): 563–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0889-8545(21)00376-4.

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Bryson, Yvonne J. "Antiviral Agents." Clinics in Chest Medicine 7, no. 3 (September 1986): 453–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-5231(21)01115-1.

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Lee, Hoan Jong. "Antiviral Agents." Journal of the Korean Medical Association 41, no. 3 (1998): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.5124/jkma.1998.41.3.301.

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KEATING, MICHAEL R. "Antiviral Agents." Mayo Clinic Proceedings 67, no. 2 (February 1992): 160–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-6196(12)61319-6.

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Reines, Eric D., and Peter A. Gross. "Antiviral Agents." Medical Clinics of North America 72, no. 3 (May 1988): 691–715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-7125(16)30766-0.

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Brown, Tricia J., Melody Vander Straten, and Stephen K. Tyring. "ANTIVIRAL AGENTS." Dermatologic Clinics 19, no. 1 (January 2001): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0733-8635(05)70227-8.

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HERMANS, PAUL E., and FRANKLIN R. COCKERILL. "Antiviral Agents." Mayo Clinic Proceedings 62, no. 12 (December 1987): 1108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0025-6196(12)62505-1.

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Lee, Michelle Felicia, Yuan Seng Wu, and Chit Laa Poh. "Molecular Mechanisms of Antiviral Agents against Dengue Virus." Viruses 15, no. 3 (March 8, 2023): 705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15030705.

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Dengue is a major global health threat causing 390 million dengue infections and 25,000 deaths annually. The lack of efficacy of the licensed Dengvaxia vaccine and the absence of a clinically approved antiviral against dengue virus (DENV) drive the urgent demand for the development of novel anti-DENV therapeutics. Various antiviral agents have been developed and investigated for their anti-DENV activities. This review discusses the mechanisms of action employed by various antiviral agents against DENV. The development of host-directed antivirals targeting host receptors and direct-acting antivirals targeting DENV structural and non-structural proteins are reviewed. In addition, the development of antivirals that target different stages during post-infection such as viral replication, viral maturation, and viral assembly are reviewed. Antiviral agents designed based on these molecular mechanisms of action could lead to the discovery and development of novel anti-DENV therapeutics for the treatment of dengue infections. Evaluations of combinations of antiviral drugs with different mechanisms of action could also lead to the development of synergistic drug combinations for the treatment of dengue at any stage of the infection.
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MATSUMOTO, Keizo. "6. Antiviral Agents." Japanese Journal of Medicine 28, no. 3 (1989): 419–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine1962.28.419.

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ROBINS, ROLAND K. "Synthetic Antiviral Agents." Chemical & Engineering News 64, no. 4 (January 27, 1986): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v064n004.p028.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Antiviral agents"

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Abele, Gunnar. "Anti varicella-zoster activity of 2HM-HBG, a new acyclic guanosin analog." Stockholm : Kongl. Carolinska Medico Chirurgiska Institutet, 1988. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/19412466.html.

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Jornada, Daniela Hartmann [UNESP]. "Síntese e avaliação biológica de bioisósteros de nitrofural ativos contra Leishmania amazonensis." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/121927.

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A leishmaniose tegumentar possui ampla distribuição mundial, segundo dados da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) e estima-se que haja o surgimento de 500 mil a um milhão de casos por ano. Segundo dados do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS), no ano de 2005 registraram-se mais de 180 milhões de casos de leishmaniose tegumentar no Brasil. Apesar da existência de tratamentos disponíveis, a cura da leishmaniose é um processo complexo, em virtude das dificuldades na administração dos fármacos injetáveis, dos inúmeros efeitos adversos e da toxicidade hepática, renal e cardíaca. Dessa forma o desenvolvimento de novos fármacos mais eficazes e menos tóxicos torna-se urgente. O bioisosterismo é uma ferramenta de modificação molecular que visa à obtenção de novos análogos com a mesma atividade biológica. Assim, tem sido utilizado na pesquisa de novos fármacos, buscando a melhoria na eficácia e segurança no tratamento de diversas doenças. O nitrofural (NF), 5-nitro-2-furaldeído semicarbazona, é um fármaco utilizado como antimicrobiano de uso tópico em vários tipos de lesões de pele, que apresenta atividade descrita contra formas amastigotas de L. donovani, L. enriettii e L. major. Baseando-se nas diversas atividades do fármaco, o trabalho proposto objetivou a síntese de bioisósteros de nitrofural e avaliação dos compostos quanto à atividade leishmanicida in vitro. Foram sintetizados e caracterizados através de métodos analíticos oito compostos, sendo um inédito. Sete deles foram avaliados quanto à atividade biológica frente às formas amastigotas de L.amazonensis, através do ensaio de MTT (brometo de 3-metil[4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il]-2,5 difeniltetrazólio). O composto Lapdesf-MetSFS (8) apresentou atividade comparável à da pentamidina, fármaco padrão utilizado na terapêutica.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a world widely distributed disease and it is estimated, by the World Health Organization (WHO), the incidence of 500,000 to one million cases per year. According to the Department of the Unified Health System (DATASUS), in 2005 it was registered more than 180 million cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil. Although treatments for leishmaniasis are available, it is a complex process, because of difficulties in administration, once the majority of the drugs are injectable, the several numbers of adverse effects, and liver, renal and cardiac toxicity. Due to that, the development of more effective and less toxic drugs becomes urgent. The bioisosterism is a molecular modification strategy that aims to obtain new analogues with the same biological activity. It has been used in the research for new drugs, in order to improve the effectiveness and safety in the treatment of various diseases. The nitrofural (NF) 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde semicarbazone, is a drug used as topical antimicrobial in various types of skin lesions is described which has activity against L. donovani, L. enriettii and L. major amastigote forms. Based on the various drug activities, the proposed work aimed the synthesis of bioisosters of nitrofural and evaluation of compounds for in vitro leishmanicidal activity. Were synthesized and characterized via analytical methods eight compounds, one unpublished. Seven of them were evaluated for biological activity against the amastigotesn forms of L. amazonensis by MTT assay (3-methyl bromide [4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl] -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide). The Lapdesf-MetSFS (8) compound showed activity comparable to that of pentamidine, standard drug used in therapy.
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Jornada, Daniela Hartmann. "Síntese e avaliação biológica de bioisósteros de nitrofural ativos contra Leishmania amazonensis /." Araraquara, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/121927.

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Orientador: Chung Man Chin
Coorientador: Priscila Longhin Bosquesi
Banca: Eduardo René Pérez González
Banca: Renato Farina Menegon
Resumo: A leishmaniose tegumentar possui ampla distribuição mundial, segundo dados da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) e estima-se que haja o surgimento de 500 mil a um milhão de casos por ano. Segundo dados do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS), no ano de 2005 registraram-se mais de 180 milhões de casos de leishmaniose tegumentar no Brasil. Apesar da existência de tratamentos disponíveis, a cura da leishmaniose é um processo complexo, em virtude das dificuldades na administração dos fármacos injetáveis, dos inúmeros efeitos adversos e da toxicidade hepática, renal e cardíaca. Dessa forma o desenvolvimento de novos fármacos mais eficazes e menos tóxicos torna-se urgente. O bioisosterismo é uma ferramenta de modificação molecular que visa à obtenção de novos análogos com a mesma atividade biológica. Assim, tem sido utilizado na pesquisa de novos fármacos, buscando a melhoria na eficácia e segurança no tratamento de diversas doenças. O nitrofural (NF), 5-nitro-2-furaldeído semicarbazona, é um fármaco utilizado como antimicrobiano de uso tópico em vários tipos de lesões de pele, que apresenta atividade descrita contra formas amastigotas de L. donovani, L. enriettii e L. major. Baseando-se nas diversas atividades do fármaco, o trabalho proposto objetivou a síntese de bioisósteros de nitrofural e avaliação dos compostos quanto à atividade leishmanicida in vitro. Foram sintetizados e caracterizados através de métodos analíticos oito compostos, sendo um inédito. Sete deles foram avaliados quanto à atividade biológica frente às formas amastigotas de L.amazonensis, através do ensaio de MTT (brometo de 3-metil[4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il]-2,5 difeniltetrazólio). O composto Lapdesf-MetSFS (8) apresentou atividade comparável à da pentamidina, fármaco padrão utilizado na terapêutica.
Abstract: Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a world widely distributed disease and it is estimated, by the World Health Organization (WHO), the incidence of 500,000 to one million cases per year. According to the Department of the Unified Health System (DATASUS), in 2005 it was registered more than 180 million cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Brazil. Although treatments for leishmaniasis are available, it is a complex process, because of difficulties in administration, once the majority of the drugs are injectable, the several numbers of adverse effects, and liver, renal and cardiac toxicity. Due to that, the development of more effective and less toxic drugs becomes urgent. The bioisosterism is a molecular modification strategy that aims to obtain new analogues with the same biological activity. It has been used in the research for new drugs, in order to improve the effectiveness and safety in the treatment of various diseases. The nitrofural (NF) 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde semicarbazone, is a drug used as topical antimicrobial in various types of skin lesions is described which has activity against L. donovani, L. enriettii and L. major amastigote forms. Based on the various drug activities, the proposed work aimed the synthesis of bioisosters of nitrofural and evaluation of compounds for in vitro leishmanicidal activity. Were synthesized and characterized via analytical methods eight compounds, one unpublished. Seven of them were evaluated for biological activity against the amastigotesn forms of L. amazonensis by MTT assay (3-methyl bromide [4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl] -2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide). The Lapdesf-MetSFS (8) compound showed activity comparable to that of pentamidine, standard drug used in therapy.
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Jun, Min Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Analysis of human cytomegalovirus susceptibility to novel antiviral agents." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Medical Sciences, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41443.

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Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a significant infectious agent causing disease in immunocompromised HIV-infected patients, transplant recipients, and neonates. The current antiviral therapeutic strategy against CMV is limited in its utility due to the inherent toxicity and lack of bioavailability of currently available anti-CMV agents, ganciclovir (GCV), cidofovir (CDV), and foscarnet (FOS). The development of the prodrug of GCV, valganciclovir (val-GCV), has vastly improved the bioavailability profile of GCV. However, val-GCV demonstrates limited effectiveness against tissue-invasive CMV diseases as side effects involved with traditional intravenously administered GCV such as haematologic and reproductive toxicities remain. In addition, the emergence of antiviral resistant CMV mutant strains due to prolonged treatment with currently available antivirals necessitates the development of novel anti-CMV agents with reduced toxicity and improved bioavailability. In this study, select groups of novel compounds were analysed for their potential for further development as anti-CMV agents. Three groups of compounds were identified based on two screening methods which included the computer simulated screening process of compounds known as in silico screening and the traditional method of random screening. The first group of compounds (CATi) were identified by in silico screening against the CMV DNA polymerase catalytic aspartate triad, resulting in the identification of 31 compounds with the potential for inhibitory activity against CMV. The second group of compounds (PRO-i) were identified through in silico screening against the CMV protease, identifying a total of 18 lead compounds exhibiting structural complementarity with CMV protease. The third and final group of compounds (TPEX) were identified through random screening and consisted of plant extracts purified from tropical plants. All three compounds were initially screened for cytotoxicity against human fibroblasts. Plaque reduction assays were performed using compounds with acceptable levels of cytotoxicity to determine the ability of the compounds to inhibit the replication of the laboratory antiviral sensitive CMV strain, Towne. Two of the PRO-i compounds demonstrated good antiviral activity against CMV. Eleven percent (2/18) of the PRO-i compounds inhibited CMV replication, with PRO-i-43 and PRO-i??-44 displaying mean 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 4.8 ?? 1.2 ??M and 8.04 ??M, respectively. PRO-i-43 and PRO-i-44 are thus good candidates for further development as novel antiviral agents against CMV. The majority of CATi and TPEX compounds displayed significant cytotoxicity against human fibroblasts and compounds with acceptable levels of cytotoxicities did not significantly inhibit CMV replication. However, the identification of compounds with low cytotoxicities provides a good foundation for further development of novel anti-CMV agents with superior antiviral activity. In silico screening against three-dimensional viral protein models is a useful strategy for the identification of novel antiviral agents with the potential for inhibitory activity against CMV. Structural modification to produce potent derivatives of the identified anti-CMV compounds (PRO-i-43 and PRO-i-44) is a good option for the further development of novel antiviral agents against CMV. Such further examination of the identified compounds with anti-CMV activity is required to investigate their activity against not only antiviral sensitive CMV strains but also resistant CMV strains. Further investigations will yield new insights into their target, allowing further identification of compounds with potential anti-CMV activity with pharmaceutical application.
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Shulyak, Tetyana S. "Exploring sinefungin analogs as potential antiviral agents." Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Summer/doctoral/SHULYAK_TETYANA_14.pdf.

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Li, Weikuan Schneller Stewart W. "Seeking mRNA methylation inhibitors as antiviral agents." Auburn, Ala, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1540.

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Naylor, M. A. "Heterocyclic pyrophosphate analogues as potential antiviral agents." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373052.

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Clifton, Heather A. "Computational antiviral drug design." Muncie, Ind. : Ball State University, 2009. http://cardinalscholar.bsu.edu/645.

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Hagos, Asmerom M. "Tricyclic purine analogues as antiparasitic and antiviral agents." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2003. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-03292004-141831/unrestricted/hagos%5Fasmerom%5Fm%5F200312%5Fphd.pdf.

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Trefry, John Christopher. "The Development of Silver Nanoparticles as Antiviral Agents." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1307721406.

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Books on the topic "Antiviral agents"

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Ren, Shijun, Eric J. Lien, Noel A. Roberts, Q. May Wang, Beverly A. Heinz, Kirk A. Staschke, Joseph M. Colacino, and Elcira C. Villarreal. Antiviral Agents. Edited by E. Jucker. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7784-8.

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R, Cali'o, and Nistic'o G, eds. Antiviral drugs. Rome: Pythagora, 1989.

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1946-, Field Hugh J., ed. Antiviral agents: The development and assessment of antiviral chemotherapy. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1988.

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1938-, Harnden Michael R., ed. Approaches to antiviral agents. Deerfield Beach, FL, USA: Distribution for USA and Canada, VCH Publishers, 1985.

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Harnden, Michael R., ed. Approaches to Antiviral Agents. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-06930-9.

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1938-, Harnden Michael R., ed. Approaches to antiviral agents. London: Macmillan, 1985.

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Challand, Richard. Antiviral chemotherapy. Oxford: Spektrum, 1997.

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Clercq, Erik De. Antiviral drug strategies. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, 2011.

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E, Blair, ed. Antiviral therapy. Oxford, UK: BIOS Scientific Publishers, 1998.

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Gong, Edwin Yunhao. Antiviral: Methods and protocols. 2nd ed. New York: Humana Press, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Antiviral agents"

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Rhee, Douglas J., Kathryn A. Colby, Lucia Sobrin, and Christopher J. Rapuano. "Antiviral Agents." In Ophthalmologic Drug Guide, 39–44. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7621-5_3.

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Takeshima, Hideo. "Antiviral Agents." In The Search for Bioactive Compounds from Microorganisms, 45–62. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4412-7_3.

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Berns, Jeffrey S., Alden Doyle, and Nishaminy Kasbekar. "Antiviral agents." In Clinical Nephrotoxins, 383–98. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-84843-3_16.

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Berns, Jeffrey S., Raphael M. Cohen, and Michael R. Rudnick. "Antiviral agents." In Clinical Nephrotoxins, 175–86. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9088-4_11.

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Hodowanec, Aimee C., Kenneth D. Thompson, and Nell S. Lurain. "Antiviral Agents." In Manual of Clinical Microbiology, 1867–93. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555817381.ch110.

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Stahlmann, R., and S. Klug. "Antiviral Agents." In Drug Toxicity in Embryonic Development II, 231–64. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60447-8_6.

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Berns, Jeffrey S., Raphael M. Cohen, and Michael R. Rudnick. "Antiviral agents." In Clinical Nephrotoxins, 249–62. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2586-6_12.

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Parija, Subhash Chandra. "Antiviral Agents." In Textbook of Microbiology and Immunology, 715–19. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3315-8_49.

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Ren, Shijun, and Eric J. Lien. "Development of HIV protease inhibitors: A survey." In Antiviral Agents, 1–34. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7784-8_1.

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Roberts, Noel A. "Anti-influenza drugs and neuraminidase inhibitors." In Antiviral Agents, 35–77. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7784-8_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Antiviral agents"

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Lemos, Reinier, Luis Almagro, Blanca Tolón Murgía, and Margarita Suárez. "Amphipathic malonates as potential antiviral agents." In 7th International Electronic Conference on Medicinal Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecmc2021-11392.

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Bhagdev, Khyati, and Sibaji Sarkar. "Benzothiazole Moiety and Its Derivatives as Antiviral Agents." In ECMS 2021. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecms2021-10839.

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Hwu, Reuben J. R., N. K. Gupta, M. Kapoor, A. Roy, W. C. Huang, S. C. Tsay, P. Lyssen, and J. Neyts. "ANTIVIRAL AGENTS WITH BROAD-SPECTRUM: DESIGN, SYNTHESIS, AND ACTIVITIES." In MedChem-Russia 2021. Издательство Волгоградского государственного медицинского университета, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19163/medchemrussia2021-2022-29.

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Aguilera, M. Mendoza, R. Ferrando Piqueres, T. Alvarez Martín, O. Pascual Marmeneu, C. Raga Jimenez, and C. Liñana Granell. "CP-119 New direct antiviral agents in hepatitis C: results in real life." In 22nd EAHP Congress 22–24 March 2017 Cannes, France. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2017-000640.118.

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Marín, L. Martínez Dueñas López, E. González González, AManzano Bonilla, ACaballero Romero, EGalindo Sacristán, FMalpica Chica, and MCamacho Romera. "4CPS-228 Effectiveness and security of new direct-acting antiviral agents for hcv." In Abstract Book, 23rd EAHP Congress, 21st–23rd March 2018, Gothenburg, Sweden. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2018-eahpconf.318.

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Ghang, B., D.-H. Lim, WJ Seo, Y.-G. Kim, and B. Yoo. "FRI0181 Tapering or cessation of antiviral agent in hepatitis b virus-infected patients concomitantly treated with biologic agents." In Annual European Congress of Rheumatology, 14–17 June, 2017. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and European League Against Rheumatism, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2017-eular.3186.

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de Francesco, AE, M. de Fina, MC Zito, S. Esposito, MD Bisceglia, and G. Brancati. "INT-011 Adr and interactions of new direct antiviral agents for hepatitis C treatment." In 22nd EAHP Congress 22–24 March 2017 Cannes, France. British Medical Journal Publishing Group, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2017-000640.392.

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Верлан, Н. В., and Е. О. Кочкина. "COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF INTERFERONCONTAINING DRUGS AND ANTIVIRAL AGENTS OF PLANT ORIGIN." In ОТ БИОХИМИИ РАСТЕНИЙ К БИОХИМИИ ЧЕЛОВЕКА. Москва: Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт лекарственных и ароматических растений", 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52101/9785870191041_329.

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Fernández, C., A. Cunha, and M. Alves. "NARMA-L2-based Antiviral Therapy for Infected CD4+ T Cells in a Nonlinear Model for HIV Dynamics: Protease Inhibitors-based Approach." In 12th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0008980606750683.

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Borisov, Valery Alexandrovich, Boris Ivanovich Sanin, Svetlana Evgenievna Samsonova, Nikolaevna Harutyunyan Elena, and Borisovna Golubeva Dina. "THE EXPERIENCE OF DOMESTIC ANTIVIRAL AGENTS, AND SOME OF OWN APPROACHES IN THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC HEPATITIS C IN ADULTS." In Themed collection of papers from Foreign intemational scientific conference «Joint innovation - joint development». Medical sciences . Part 2. Ьу НNRI «National development» in cooperation with PS of UA. June 2023. Crossref, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37539/230629.2023.19.61.022.

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In the management of 148 adult patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) of both sexes without special selection (taken into account only absolute contraindications to its performance) there were used domestic basic antiviral drugs - BAD| (short-living interferons (IFN) α, interferon inducers and nucleoside analogues) in parallel with additional antiviral drugs (drug glycyrrhizinic acid or amantadine) and maintenance therapy (stimulators of T-cell immunity and means of correction of side effects). Treatment was carried out in the framework of the developed complex of principles and approaches including in part, the formation of the starting average weekly dose of interferon IFN with accounting of the character of interferon status of the patient, a gradual increase in the average weekly dose of interferon IFN during the course of therapy, the delayed use of nucleoside analogs and others. As a result, against the background of a significant reduction in financial expenses and the aggressiveness of treatment the stable positive therapeutic outcome in the general population of patients occurred in 92.6%, with 87.2% in patients with genotype (G) 1.
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Reports on the topic "Antiviral agents"

1

Neenan, John P. Synthesis of Nucleoside Mono- and Dialdehydes as Antiviral Agents. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/adb124358.

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2

Wong-Staal, Flossie. Transdominant Rev and Protease Mutant Proteins of HIV/SIV as Potential Antiviral Agents In vitro and In vivo. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada251525.

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3

Wong-Staal, Flossie. Transdominant Rev and Protease Mutant Proteins of HIV/SIV as Potential Antiviral Agents In vitro and In vivo (AIDS). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada269541.

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4

Tawfik, Aly, Deify Law, Juris Grasis, Joseph Oldham, and Moe Salem. COVID-19 Public Transportation Air Circulation and Virus Mitigation Study. Mineta Transportation Institute, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2036.

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COVID-19 may have forever changed our world. Given the limited space and air circulation, potential infections on public transportation could be concerningly high. Accordingly, this study has two objectives: (1) to understand air circulation patterns inside the cabins of buses; and (2) to test the impact of different technologies in mitigating viruses from the air and on surfaces inside bus cabins. For the first objective, different devices, metrics and experiments (including colored smoke; videotaping; anemometers; pressure differentials; particle counts; and 3D numerical simulation models) were utilized and implemented to understand and quantify air circulation inside different buses, with different characteristics, and under different operating conditions (e.g. with windows open and shut). For the second objective, three different live prokaryotic viruses were utilized: Phi6, MS2 and T7. Various technologies (including positive pressure environment inside the cabin, HEPA filters with different MERV ratings, concentrated UV exposure with charged carbon filters in the HVAC systems, center point photocatalytic oxidation technology, ionization, and surface antiviral agents) were tested to evaluate the potential of mitigating COVID-19 infections via air and surfaces in public transportation. The effectiveness of these technologies on the three live viruses was tested in both the lab and in buses in the field. The results of the first objective experiments indicated the efficiency of HVAC system designs, where the speed of air spread was consistently much faster than the speed of air clearing. Hence, indicating the need for additional virus mitigation from the cabin. Results of the second objective experiments indicated that photocatalytic oxidation inserts and UVC lights were the most efficient in mitigating viruses from the air. On the other hand, positive pressure mitigated all viruses from surfaces; however, copper foil tape and fabrics with a high percentage of copper mitigated only the Phi6 virus from surfaces. High-temperature heating was also found to be highly effective in mitigating the different viruses from the vehicle cabin. Finally, limited exploratory experiments to test possible toxic by-products of photocatalytic oxidation and UVC lights inside the bus cabin did not detect any increase in levels of formaldehyde, ozone, or volatile organic compounds. Implementation of these findings in transit buses, in addition to the use of personal protective equipment, could be significantly valuable for protection of passengers and drivers on public transportation modes, possibly against all forms of air-borne viruses.
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5

Tawfik, Aly, Deify Law, Juris Grasis, Joseph Oldham, and Moe Salem. COVID-19 Public Transportation Air Circulation and Virus Mitigation Study. Mineta Transportation Institute, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2036.

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Abstract:
COVID-19 may have forever changed our world. Given the limited space and air circulation, potential infections on public transportation could be concerningly high. Accordingly, this study has two objectives: (1) to understand air circulation patterns inside the cabins of buses; and (2) to test the impact of different technologies in mitigating viruses from the air and on surfaces inside bus cabins. For the first objective, different devices, metrics and experiments (including colored smoke; videotaping; anemometers; pressure differentials; particle counts; and 3D numerical simulation models) were utilized and implemented to understand and quantify air circulation inside different buses, with different characteristics, and under different operating conditions (e.g. with windows open and shut). For the second objective, three different live prokaryotic viruses were utilized: Phi6, MS2 and T7. Various technologies (including positive pressure environment inside the cabin, HEPA filters with different MERV ratings, concentrated UV exposure with charged carbon filters in the HVAC systems, center point photocatalytic oxidation technology, ionization, and surface antiviral agents) were tested to evaluate the potential of mitigating COVID-19 infections via air and surfaces in public transportation. The effectiveness of these technologies on the three live viruses was tested in both the lab and in buses in the field. The results of the first objective experiments indicated the efficiency of HVAC system designs, where the speed of air spread was consistently much faster than the speed of air clearing. Hence, indicating the need for additional virus mitigation from the cabin. Results of the second objective experiments indicated that photocatalytic oxidation inserts and UVC lights were the most efficient in mitigating viruses from the air. On the other hand, positive pressure mitigated all viruses from surfaces; however, copper foil tape and fabrics with a high percentage of copper mitigated only the Phi6 virus from surfaces. High-temperature heating was also found to be highly effective in mitigating the different viruses from the vehicle cabin. Finally, limited exploratory experiments to test possible toxic by-products of photocatalytic oxidation and UVC lights inside the bus cabin did not detect any increase in levels of formaldehyde, ozone, or volatile organic compounds. Implementation of these findings in transit buses, in addition to the use of personal protective equipment, could be significantly valuable for protection of passengers and drivers on public transportation modes, possibly against all forms of air-borne viruses.
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6

Morris, Andrew M., Peter Juni, Ayodele Odutayo, Pavlos Bobos, Nisha Andany, Kali Barrett, Martin Betts, et al. Remdesivir for Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.2021.02.27.1.0.

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Remdesivir, a direct-acting antiviral agent, may reduce mortality and progression to mechanical ventilation in moderately ill patients hospitalized with COVID-19 on supplemental low-flow oxygen. The benefits of remdesivir for critically ill patients requiring supplemental oxygen via high-flow nasal cannula or mask, or non-invasive mechanical ventilation, is uncertain. Remdesivir does not benefit and may harm critically ill patients already receiving mechanical ventilation or requiring extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), and it does not provide substantial benefit for hospitalized patients who do not require supplemental oxygen. Remdesivir appears to have comparable effects when used for 5 days or 10 days, and does not appear to be associated with significant adverse effects. Remdesivir is recommended in moderately ill hospitalized patients with COVID-19 requiring supplemental oxygen (Figure 1). Remdesivir may be considered for patients requiring oxygen supplementation via high-flow nasal cannula or mask, or non-invasive mechanical ventilation. It should not be used in critically ill patients on mechanical ventilation or those receiving ECMO. Remdesivir should not be used in patients who do not require supplemental oxygen.
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7

Chejanovsky, Nor, and Bruce A. Webb. Potentiation of Pest Control by Insect Immunosuppression. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7592113.bard.

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The restricted host range of many baculoviruses, highly pathogenic to Lepidoptera and non-pathogenic to mammals, limits their use to single or few closely related Lepidopteran species and is an obstacle to extending their implementation for pest control. The insect immune response is a major determinant of the ability of an insect pathogen to efficiently multiply and propagate. We have developed an original model system to study the Lepidopteran antiviral immune response based on Spodoptera littoralis resistance to AcMNPV (Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus) infection and the fascinating immunosuppressive activity of polydnaviruses .Our aim is to elucidate the mechanisms through which the immunosuppressive insect polydnaviruses promote replication of pathogenic baculoviruses in lepidopteran hosts that are mildly or non-permissive to virus- replication. In this study we : 1- Assessed the extent to which and the mechanisms whereby the immunosuppressive Campoletis sonorensis polydnavirus (CsV) or its genes enhanced replication of a well-characterized pathogenic baculovirus AcMNPV, in polydnavirus-immunosuppressedH. zea and S. littoralis insects and S. littoralis cells, hosts that are mildly or non-permissive to AcMNPV. 2- Identified CsV genes involved in the above immunosuppression (e.g. inhibiting cellular encapsulation and disrupting humoral immunity). We showed that: 1. S. littoralis larvae mount an immune response against a baculovirus infection. 2. Immunosuppression of an insect pest improves the ability of a viral pathogen, the baculovirus AcMNPV, to infect the pest. 3. For the first time two PDV-specific genes of the vankyrin and cystein rich-motif families involved in immunosuppression of the host, namely Pvank1 and Hv1.1 respectively, enhanced the efficacy of an insect pathogen toward a semipermissive pest. 4. Pvank1 inhibits apoptosis of Spodopteran cells elucidating one functional aspect of PDVvankyrins. 5. That Pvank-1 and Hv1.1 do not show cooperative effect in S. littoralis when co-expressed during AcMNPV infection. Our results pave the way to developing novel means for pest control, including baculoviruses, that rely upon suppressing host immune systems by strategically weakening insect defenses to improve pathogen (i.e. biocontrol agent) infection and virulence. Also, we expect that the above result will help to develop systems for enhanced insect control that may ultimately help to reduce transmission of insect vectored diseases of humans, animals and plants as well as provide mechanisms for suppression of insect populations that damage crop plants by direct feeding.
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