Dissertations / Theses: 'Antisocial personality disorder'

1

Matich, Theresa. "Attitudes toward Antisocial Personality Disorder Among Clinicians." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/44.

Full text

Abstract:

The objective of this study was to explore the attitudes toward antisocial personality disorder among clinicians. The researcher created a 15 question survey to interview clinicians in hopes of eliciting information about their attitudes toward this population. The survey consisted of seven open ended questions and eight Likert scale questions. The researcher analyzed the data by transcribing the interviews and looking for common themes among the responses. Likert scale questions were tallied and compared in SPSS to determine the spread of the answers. The results of the study showed there are negative attitudes among clinicians currently in direct treatment settings; attitudes were more neutral among clinicians who are currently not involved in direct practice. In applying the theory of reasoned action it is suggested clinicians in direct practice who hold negative views display behaviors that affect the treatment process and outcome. The researcher’s recommendation for future study is to explore the attitudes of other helping professionals in comparison to social work practitioners.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Larstone, Roseann Marie. "Personality disorder traits and antisocial behaviour in adolescents." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/39783.

Full text

Abstract:

In an effort to further understand the contribution of maladaptive personality characteristics to the expression of distinct forms of antisocial behaviour during adolescence, this study examined links between personality disorder traits, physical and social aggression, and nonaggressive antisocial behaviour over one year. A community sample of adolescents (n=182) completed self-reports of physical and social aggression and nonaggressive antisocial behaviour during the summer between the 10th and 11th grades. Participants’ parents (n=192) completed a measure assessing the adolescents’ personality disorder traits when the youths were 15 years of age in 2009, and their teachers (n=154) completed measures of the frequency of adolescents’ perpetration of physical and social aggression during the following academic year. Analyses, conducted separately for boys and girls, explored the links between broad personality disorder factors and facet-level traits as predictors of teacher- and self-rated physical and social aggression, and nonaggressive antisocial behaviour. Results of a series of multiple regression analyses revealed that disagreeableness emerged as a strong predictor of teacher-rated social aggression, self-rated physical aggression and nonaggressive antisocial behaviour in girls but not boys. Broad personality disorder traits did not predict self-rated social aggression. Findings from the facet level revealed that, in contrast with previous research, associations were not found between aspects of disagreeableness, emotional instability, compulsivity and nonaggressive antisocial behaviour in boys. Further, facets within the introversion factor strongly predicted self-rated physical and teacher-rated social aggression for girls only. Findings highlight the importance of examining both higher- and lower-order maladaptive personality traits and considering gender differences in trait expression, in understanding the perpetration of distinct forms of adolescent antisocial behaviour.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Duncan, Julianne Christine. "A Prototypical Analysis of Antisocial Personality Disorder: Important Considerations for the DSM-IV." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500744/.

Full text

Abstract:

Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) represents a controversial diagnoses which has gone through many revisions over the past 25 years and is scheduled to be revised again for the DSM IV. A comprehensive survey was composed of APD criteria from the DSM II, DSM III, DSM III-R, PCL-R, Psychopathic Personality Disorder, and Dyssocial Personality Disorder. The survey was completed by 321 forensic psychiatrists based on which criteria they believed to be the most prototypical of antisocial personality. The results identified four factors: irresponsibility, unstable self image, and unstable relationships; manipulation and lack of guilt; aggressive behavior; and nonviolent juvenile delinquency. A diagnostic set composed of the most prototypical criteria was proposed for the DSM IV diagnosis of APD.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Pickersgill, Martyn. "Ordering disorderly personalities : co-producing antisocial personality disorder through policy, science and standards." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504250.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Everett, David C. Blashfield Roger K. "Antisocial personality disorder vs. psychopathy an analysis of the literature /." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Spring/master's/EVERETT_DAVID_59.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Corson, Eliza-Jane. "Psychosocial factors implicated in the development of antisocial personality disorder." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/47584/.

Full text

Abstract:

Evidence suggests that Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) is highly prevalent amongst young males involved in the criminal justice system; however effective psychological treatment options for people with the disorder is limited. This thesis therefore explores psychosocial factors implicated in the development of the disorder, with the view to identify specific treatment targets for psychotherapeutic interventions. In the first instance, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to examine the efficacy of Mentalization Based Therapy (MBT), a psycho-dynamically informed intervention. MBT was originally developed to treat people with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), yet to date no meta-analysis has evaluated the efficacy of MBT alone. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests that MBT can be effective for people with ASPD, however at present, there are insufficient studies to examine the effectiveness of the approach with this population. Therefore, MBT was examined with the view to assess treatment outcomes for adolescents with emerging BPD and adults diagnosed with BPD. In accordance with the specific inclusion criteria, five primary articles were retained and analysed. In relation to the MBT group, there was a significant improvement in symptoms. Furthermore, effect sizes for other problems (anxiety, depression, suicidal attempts/self-harm) were found to be large to very large. When considering interpersonal functioning, interestingly, analysis revealed no effect favouring either the treatment or control group. Regarding impairment, a large and significant effect size was found in favour of the control group. Overall, adolescents derived greater benefit from the treatment when compared to adults. Limitations relate to the number of available studies in this review. In order to identify treatment targets for psychotherapeutic interventions, an empirical study explored the relationship between mentalizing capability, attachment style and schema as predictors of ASPD in 79 men recruited from a Young Offenders Institution (YOI). The results confirmed that anxious attachment style and specific Early Maladaptive Schema (EMS) domains relating to Disconnection & Rejection (mistrust-abuse); Impaired Autonomy & Performance (dependence), and Impaired Limits (entitlement) are associated with ASPD in young male offenders. Inferential analyses confirmed that intellectual functioning did not influence performance on any measures. Main limitations relate to the cross-sectional nature of the study and sample size. Following this theme, a single case study relating to the assessment and treatment of a young male with ASPD and comorbid diagnoses was undertaken using a firesetting offence focused treatment programme. Formulation, treatment progress and outcomes are discussed; and recommendations for further work are provided. Thereafter, a critical appraisal of the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (RAAS; Collins, 1996), a measure utilised in the empirical study was conducted. Consideration is given to the utility of the RAAS, particularly within forensic populations. The RAAS was found to be a reliable and valid measure for use with undergraduate, general, and clinical populations. Further research relating to the application within forensic populations is needed to test the reliability and validity of the tool with offenders. Finally, the thesis discusses limitations of the methodologies used and highlights how the overall aim of this thesis was achieved.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Rall, Edrich. "Antisocial Personality Disorder Comorbidity in Methamphetamine Use Disorder: Sociodemographic, clinical and childhood trauma correlates." Master's thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33911.

Full text

Abstract:

Personality pathology, especially antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), often occurs in patients with methamphetamine use disorder (MAUD). However, little is known about potential risk factors for this dual diagnosis, and the impact of this comorbidity on both the severity of MAUD and levels of functional impairment. Casting light on such phenomena may aid in early identification of treatment targets, assist in the management of patients in this particular population, and contribute to development of treatment strategies. This crosssectional study described and compared sociodemographic, clinical and childhood trauma correlates in patients with a dual diagnosis of MAUD and ASPD (MAUD+ASPD) and those with MAUD without ASPD (MAUD-ASPD). The contribution of sociodemographic and childhood trauma variables in predicting membership of the MAUD+ASPD group was also investigated. A sample of 62 adult patients with a primary diagnosis of MAUD took part in the study. A sociodemographic questionnaire was completed and well established diagnostic measures of ASPD (The Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview; MINI) and MAUD (Structured Clinical Interview; SCID - 5) were used to determine diagnostic status. Illness severity was evaluated with the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive scale (adapted for MAUD) (Y-BOCS-du) and functional impairment was assessed with the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS). Histories of exposure and severity of childhood trauma (CT) were measured using the CTQ-SF. Of the 62 participants, 14 (23%) had MAUD and had MAUD+ASPD whereas 48 (77%) had MAUD without ASPD (MAUD-ASPD). Bivariate analyses found significant group differences in terms of gender (df =1) = 8.05; p =< 0.01), language (df = 2) = 7.12; p = 0.03), and level of physical neglect (F(1, 60) = 2.33; M = 9.85; SD = 4.23; p = 0.04). The MAUD+ASPD group members were mostly male (N = 9; 64%), English-speaking and with histories of increased physical neglect. Logistic regression suggested that male gender (beta = 1.08; OR = 8.65; p = 0.01) and English language (beta = 1.55; OR = 11.38; p = 0.03) significantly predicted ASPD comorbidity. There were no significant differences in clinical severity or functional impairment between the MAUD+ASPD and MAUD-ASPD groups. In conclusion, this study indicated that male gender and having English as a first language are associated with MAUD+ASPD but other sociodemographic variables, CT histories and clinical severity and impairment were not. Men who use MA are thus more prone to antisocial behaviour, which complicates their substance use condition. Treatment approaches for MAUD may benefit from developing adaptations that cater for challenges specific to comorbid ASPD. Additionally, the finding regarding first language warrants further investigation. Recommendations for future research are suggested.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Newbury-Helps, J. "Are difficulties in mentalizing associated with severity of Antisocial Personality Disorder?" Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1330849/.

Full text

Abstract:

Part 1 of the thesis reviews the literature on the measurement of mentalization in adult clinical populations. As mentalization is a broad multi-faceted term, the search incorporates the related concepts of Theory of Mind (ToM) and Emotional Intelligence (EI) as these have been widely operationalised. The review presents a framework for different types of measures, including performance-based tasks and self-report questionnaires, and considers their relative psychometric strengths. It finds an absence of any one measure that covers the breadth of the mentalization construct, however, a set of recommendations are made for an optimal approach using currently available tools. Part 2 presents an empirical study of the relationship between mentalizing capability and severity of Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) in an offender sample. The results show that some specific mentalizing measures were able to modestly predict severity of ASPD. These were the ability to take the perspective of another person, the ability to read mental states from the ‘eyes’ and a general inability to mentalize. These findings suggest that a greater understanding of mentalizing capacities in people with ASPD may support improved risk assessment and clinical treatments. The study’s limitations are considered and its implications for further research and practice. Part 3 presents a critical appraisal of the process of undertaking this research. It describes some of the challenges to joint working across the NHS and the Criminal Justice System. It considers how the use of psychometric assessment can be improved in an ASPD/offender population. It builds on the literature review to recommend how the operationalisation of mentalization can be further enhanced.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Sorg, Abberley E. "The Impact of Medicalization on Individuals Labeled with Antisocial Personality Disorder." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1564670634916647.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Rogstad, Jill E. "Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder: Gender Differences in Empathy and Alexithymia." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc103384/.

Full text

Abstract:

Traditional conceptualizations of psychopathy highlight the importance of affective features of the syndrome in perpetuating social deviance. However, little research has directly investigated the callousness that psychopathic offenders display toward society and their victims. The current study investigated the roles of empathy and alexithymia in psychopathy among male and female incarcerated offenders, particularly in distinguishing psychopathy from antisocial personality disorder. Gender differences were also investigated. Regarding empathy, as predicted, group differences were largest between psychopathic and non-psychopathic offenders; no reliable differences emerged between psychopathic and APD-only offenders. In contrast, alexithymia robustly distinguished between offenders with prominent psychopathic traits, those with only APD, and those with neither condition. Psychopathic females unexpectedly exhibited slightly higher levels of alexithymia than their male counterparts, while empathic deficits were relatively consistent across genders. These findings are discussed in terms of improving assessment methods for the accurate identification and treatment of offenders with prominent psychopathic features.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Stepp, Stephanie. "Predictive validity of the five-factor model profiles for antisocial and borderline personality disorders." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4743.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on December 14. 2007) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Grann, Martin. "Personality disorder and violent criminality : a follow-up study with special reference to psychopathy and risk assessment /." Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/search/diss.se.cfm?19981016gran.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Moody, Lara. "Evidence of Executive Dysfunction in Co-occurring Substance Use Disorder and Major Depressive Disorder or Antisocial Personality Disorder." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78165.

Full text

Abstract:

Background and Aims: Executive dysfunction is pervasive in substance-dependent individuals (Verdejo-GarcÃa, Bechara, Recknor, & Perez-Garcia, 2006). As many as four-fifths of individuals in treatment for substance use disorders (SUDs) have co-existing lifetime psychopathology. Executive function deficits are tied to markers of decreased quality of life including increases in negative life events (Green, Kern, Braff, & Mintz, 2000), maladaptive social functioning (Kurtz, Moberg, Ragland, Gur, & Gur, 2005) and worsened treatment outcomes (Czuchry & Dansereau, 2003). Despite evidence of executive dysfunction across several mental disorders, few studies investigate how the co-occurrence of psychopathologies in SUDs impacts executive functioning. Methods: Here, we compare measures of executive function (i.e., the Iowa Gambling Test, Letter Number Sequencing Test, Stroop Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Continuous Performance Test, Towers Test, and Delay Discounting Test) in individuals with a) substance use disorder, b) substance use disorder and co-occurring major depressive disorder, c) substance use disorder and co-occurring antisocial personality disorder, d) substance use disorder and co-occurring major depressive disorder and antisocial personality disorder and e) no substance use disorder or co-occurring psychopathology. Results: Regression models of respective executive function measure outcomes as a function of education, income, age, and group membership indicated that the Delay Discounting Test and Continuous Performance Test were the only significant overall models (F(4, 313) = 12.699, p < 0.001 and F(4, 307) = 2.659, p = 0.033, respectively). Conclusions: Overall the Delay Discounting Test and Continuous Performance Test were the most sensitive to differences between substance use and psychopathology profiles assessed.
Master of Science

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Bressler, Markus Michael. "A Case Study of Forensic Interviewing of Antisocial Personality Disorder Diagnosed Inmates." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7533.

Full text

Abstract:

Interview strategies applied in adult criminal justice settings focus on the interviewer and concentrate on obtaining information for the courts, while simultaneously neglecting a forensic understanding of interviewees, including the interviewee's decision-making and behavioral health impairments. As a consequence, there is a deficiency of evidence-based research regarding interview practices with persons diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Using social control and neutralization theories as the foundation, the purpose of this case study of a single justice system in the United States was to better understand the perspectives and experiences of ASPD diagnosed inmates (n =5) compared to incarcerated participants without any mental health diagnosis (n =5) regarding willingness to cooperate with the interviewer. Interview data were triangulated with the Gudjonsson Confession Questionnaire â Revised. Data were inductively coded and then subjected to a thematic analysis procedure. Results indicate that external and internal pressures, intoxication, perception of proof, involvement of third parties, and/or a lack of insight into diagnostic features of ASPD influenced decisions to cooperate with an interviewer, thereby impacting the quality of interview results. The positive social change implications of this study include recommendations to criminal justice systems to explore holistic interview strategies that may improve interview outcomes. Adhering to this recommendation may improve the quality of interviews and ensure that justice system objectives related to truthfulness and accuracy are enhanced as well as improve mental health outcomes of criminal offenders.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Lad, Reena. "Staff attitudes to personality disorder : the role of personality, emotion regulation, empathy and compassion." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/16448.

Full text

Abstract:

Personality disorder is common amongst individuals accessing mental health services, with research into its aetiology and impact on services increasing in recent years. This thesis has two parts. The first is a systematic review of the neuropsychological functioning among forensic samples with diagnoses of psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Five databases were searched for cross-sectional studies exploring cognitive functioning in psychopathy and ASPD. Twelve studies were reviewed and indicated that individuals with psychopathy and ASPD demonstrate deficits in executive functions, attention, and memory, and that there are some differences in neuropsychological performance between the two disorders. The second part is an empirical study exploring factors that may influence mental health staff attitudes towards individuals with personality disorder. The study found that staff personality traits, emotion regulation style, empathy and job satisfaction were related to attitudes to personality disorder. Empathy and job burnout predicted attitudes, with higher scores on empathy and lower levels of burnout being related to positive attitudes to personality disorder. Implications for the findings of the systematic review and empirical study are discussed. Further research is required in both areas.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Steadham, Jennifer A. "Psychopathic and Antisocial Personality Disorder Traits As Predictors of Reactive and Instrumental Aggression." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc115167/.

Full text

Abstract:

Aggression has traditionally been subdivided into two correlated, but distinct, subtypes: reactive and instrumental. Reactive aggression (RA) is considered impulsive, emotionally driven behavior, whereas instrumental aggression (IA) is planned and incentive-motivated. This thesis examines the relationships between RA, IA, psychopathy, and antisocial personality disorder (APD) symptoms in male and female offenders recruited from a jail in north Texas. Contrary to predictions, psychopathic traits did not account for more variance in aggression than did APD symptoms. Impulsivity demonstrated slight incremental validity over psychopathy for RA, and to a lesser degree, IA. the continued utility of the reactive-instrumental distinction and implications for professional practice in relation to the current study are examined. Study limitations and directions for future research are discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Sargeant, Marsha Nneka. "Biobehavioral mechanisms underlying emotionality in antisocial personality disorder and the role of psychopathic traits." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8723.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Psychology. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Phillips, O. C. "Virtual reality : treatment efficacy and a tool to study reactivity in antisocial personality disorder." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1361009/.

Full text

Abstract:

Part one is a meta-analytic review comparing the efficacy of virtual reality treatments (VRTs) and standard psychological therapies for achieving mental health symptom reduction. Outcomes from twenty-two randomised-controlled trials were quality assessed and meta-analysed. Results indicated that VRTs were equal to, and in some cases superior to comparative treatments, depending on the type of mental health problem being treated. Methodological and heterogeneity issues complicate interpretation. Continued methodologically robust research is required before recommendations for practice can be made with confidence. Part two presents an empirical study in which virtual reality (VR) was used to investigate emotional reactivity and aggression in antisocial personality disorder (ASPD). Fifteen individuals diagnosed with ASPD and twenty healthy volunteers took part in VR provocation. In response, ASPD participants showed greater negative emotional reactivity, less prosocial behaviour, and a trend towards more aggression than healthy volunteers. Findings tentatively support the notion that ASPD entails difficulties regulating emotions and inhibiting aggression under conditions of perceived threat. Modified large-scale replications are required to substantiate findings. Improved understanding could inform practices for assessing and treating risk of aggression/violence in this population. Part three is a critical appraisal of the empirical study. It describes my background interest in the research area and critiques a multi-method approach to measurement. The potential for VR to be used as a tool to assess and treat criminogenic risk in ASPD is discussed in more detail. It concludes with personal reflections, highlighting some of the ethical and risk management considerations raised by conducting research with this population.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Pournara, Maria. "Discursive power games in therapeutic accounts of Antisocial Personality Disorder : a Foucauldian Discourse Analysis." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2017. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/discursive-power-games-in-therapeutic-accounts-of-antisocial-personality-disorder(40e850c1-9cfa-4126-8f90-60e268672857).html.

Full text

Abstract:

Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) is understood as a difficult category to work with in various contemporary mental health settings. Additionally, to date, there is a dearth of research on this topic in Counselling Psychology. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore how Counselling Psychologists (CoPs) and other Psychological Practitioners (PPs) discursively construct ASPD and to investigate any discursive power games that may be implicated in therapeutic practice accounts. Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted and a Foucauldian Discourse Analysis (FDA) was applied to the data. The findings of the analysis produced five distinct therapeutic subject-positions: “Dangerous to Know”, “Damaged Goods”, “The White Collar Psychopath”, “Resisting to Psychiatric Norms” and “Critical Questioning”. Overall this analysis argues that ASPD is a problematic construct as it is produced by these participants as multiple, power laden and opaque. Additionally, these therapeutic subject-positions highlight how ASPD is variously produced in specific therapeutic contexts, such as medium secure units and private practice/ corporate environments. Such findings may contribute to raising awareness among CoPs and other PPs by making visible the power relations and contextual influences implicated in particular ASPD therapeutic accounts. Finally, it is also proposed that this Foucauldian gaze may be applied in other practice areas, to enable critical thinking in relation to potential uses of psychological knowledge, practice and research.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Ward, Sarah. "Parenting, conduct problems and the development of conscience in young children." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365744.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

di, GIACOMO ESTER. "Antisocial Personality Disorder and Psichopathy: are they really a continuum? Anatomical and Functional differences and the role of the Uncinate Fasciculus." Bachelor's thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/89423.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Tuvblad, Catherine. "Genetic and environmental influences on antisocial behavior from childhood to emerging adulthood /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-944-0/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Lobbestael, Jill. "Lost in fragmentation schema modes, childhood trauma, and anger in borderline and antisocial personality disorder /." Maastricht : Maastricht : Maastricht University ; University Library, Universiteit Maastricht [host], 2008. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=11264.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Carlisle, J. R. "Using mentalizing and psychopathy to explore a dimensional model of antisocial and borderline personality disorder." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1448713/.

Full text

Abstract:

Part one of the thesis reviews the literature on whether antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and psychopathy represent distinct categories. This question was addressed by identifying studies with populations of individuals meeting criteria for ASPD and exploring the samples in terms of other constructs. Studies are divided into four areas; cluster analytic studies, studies of emotional processing, theory of mind and mentalizing, and executive functioning. The review suggests that those who meet criteria for ASPD represent a heterogeneous group, and that psychopathy is distinct from ASPD. Part two consists of an empirical paper which measures the constructs of mentalizing and psychopathy in a sample of people with and without diagnoses of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) or borderline personality disorder (BPD). This allowed for the testing of the mentalizing deficit theory of BPD, to explore mentalizing in an ASPD sample, and also to explore the construct of psychopathy, which has been used interchangeably with ASPD. BPD has also been suggested to be a phenotypic expression of psychopathy. Results supported a mentalizing deficit in BPD, and support the premise that ASPD is a heterogeneous group, and consists of at least two subtypes. The implications of findings in the context of a paradigm shift away from categorical towards a dimensional model of personality disorder are discussed, along with the limitations of the study and implications for future research. In part three a critical appraisal of the research process is presented. Issues of research in the probation setting, risk and ethical issues of working with this population, and also the practicalities of working alongside a large scale research project are discussed, in order to guide future research in this area.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Bonogofsky, Amber Nicole. "Self-report measures of psychopathic and schizotypal personality characteristics a confirmatory factor analysis of characteristics of antisocial behavior and hypothetical psychosis-proneness in a college sample /." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-06012007-120950/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Hofvander, Björn. "AD/HD and autism spectrum disorders in adults." Malmö : Forensic Psychitry, Lund University, 2009. http://www.lu.se/o.o.i.s?id=12588&postid=1487259.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Bergen, Steven. "Antisocial personality disorder: an exploration and discussion of the experience, impact and opinions of the diagnosed individual." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86898.

Full text

Abstract:

It is important for the medical community, specifically mental health professionals, to understand the complexities that influence the diagnosis of Antisocial Personality Disorder. Social influences and experiences have a direct influence on how an individual understands his/her role within the various social systems that they will navigate throughout their lifetime.
I have undertaken a phenomological study that looks at the social experiences of three men who have been labeled with Antisocial Personality Disorder. Accounts of their experiences are contrasted and compared to draw out similarities and consistent themes that have shaped these mens' lives as they are today.
From a client-centred model of care, it is important for mental health professionals to understand these experiences and interpretations as it impacts that quality of mental health services that are providing. It also influences the manner in which mental health professionals view models of recovery when working with this specific population.
Il est important pour la communauté médicale, plus précisément des professionnels de santé mentale, à comprendre les complexités qui influent sur le diagnostic de trouble de Antisocial Personality Disorder. Influences sociales et des expériences ont une influence directe sur la façon dont une personne comprend son rôle au sein des différents systèmes sociaux qu'ils vont naviguer dans toute leur durée de vie.
J'ai entrepris une étude de phenomological qui se penche sur les expériences sociales des trois hommes qui ont été intitulées avec trouble de Antisocial Personality Disorder Les comptes de leurs expériences sont contrastées et par rapport à attirer les similitudes et cohérentes des thèmes qui ont façonné vie ces mens ' qu'ils sont aujourd'hui.
D'un modèle axé sur le client de soins, il est important pour professionnels de santé mentale de comprendre ces expériences et des interprétations qu'il a un impact que la qualité des services de santé mentale qui fournissent des. Elle influence également la manière dans laquelle les professionnels de santé mentale afficher les modèles de recouvrement lorsque vous travaillez avec cette population spécifique.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Checknita, David. "Monoamine oxidase A gene promoter methylation and impulsive aggression in an offender population with antisocial personality disorder." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121478.

Full text

Abstract:

Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is a condition characterized by elevated impulsive aggression and increased risk for criminal behaviour and incarceration. Deficient activity of the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene is suggested to contribute to serotonergic system dysregulation strongly associated with impulsive aggression and ASPD. The potential contribution of epigenetic processes, which modulate gene expression without altering the underlying genomic code, towards the dysregulation of MAOA in ASPD is not yet understood.The current study aimed to elucidate the role of epigenetic processes in altered MAOA expression and serotonin regulation in a population of offenders with ASPD compared to healthy controls. Results suggest MAOA promoter hypermethylation contributes to downregulated gene expression and elevated whole-blood serotonin in offenders with ASPD. These results are consistent with prior literature suggesting MAOA and serotonergic dysregulation in antisocial populations. Further, our results offer the first evidence suggesting epigenetic mechanisms may contribute to MAOA dysregulation in antisocial offenders.
Le trouble de personnalité antisociale est une condition qui se caractérise par un niveau élevé d'agression impulsive ainsi qu'un risque accru de comportements criminels et d'incarcération. Il a été suggéré qu'une activation déficitaire du gène monoamine oxydase A (MAOA) contribuerait à une dysrégulation du système sérotogénique, qui est fortement associé à l'agression impulsive et au trouble de personnalité antisociale. La potentielle contribution des processus épigénétiques modulant l'expression génétique sans altérer le code génomique sous jacent dans la dysrégulation du MAOA chez les individus atteint du trouble de personnalité antisociale n'est pas encore comprise. L'étude suivante avait comme objectif d'élucider le rôle des processus épigénétiques dans l'altération de l'expression du MAOA et de la régulation de la sérotonine dans une population incarcérée avec un trouble de personnalité antisociale, lorsque comparés à des contrôles sains. Les résultats suggérent que le promoteur d'hyperméthylation MAOA contribue à une réduction de l'expression génétique et à un niveau élevé de sérotonine sanguin chez les incarcérés avec un trouble de personnalité antisociale. Ces résultats sont cohérents avec la littérature suggérant que la dysrégulation du MAOA et de la sérotonine est présente dans les populations antisociales. De plus, nos résultats représentent la première évidence suggérant que les méchanismes épigénétiques pourraient contribuer à la dysrégulation du MAOA chez les incarcérés avec un trouble de personnalité antisociale.Le trouble de personnalité antisociale est une condition qui se caractérise par un niveau élevé d'agression impulsive ainsi qu'un risque accru de comportements criminels et d'incarcération. Il a été suggéré qu'une activation déficitaire du gène monoamine oxydase A (MAOA) contribuerait à une dysrégulation du système sérotogénique, qui est fortement associé à l'agression impulsive et au trouble de personnalité antisociale. La potentielle contribution des processus épigénétiques modulant l'expression génétique sans altérer le code génomique sous jacent dans la dysrégulation du MAOA chez les individus atteint du trouble de personnalité antisociale n'est pas encore comprise. L'étude suivante avait comme objectif d'élucider le rôle des processus épigénétiques dans l'altération de l'expression du MAOA et de la régulation de la sérotonine dans une population incarcérée avec un trouble de personnalité antisociale, lorsque comparés à des contrôles sains. Les résultats suggérent que le promoteur d'hyperméthylation MAOA contribue à une réduction de l'expression génétique et à un niveau élevé de sérotonine sanguin chez les incarcérés avec un trouble de personnalité antisociale. Ces résultats sont cohérents avec la littérature suggérant que la dysrégulation du MAOA et de la sérotonine est présente dans les populations antisociales. De plus, nos résultats représentent la première évidence suggérant que les méchanismes épigénétiques pourraient contribuer à la dysrégulation du MAOA chez les incarcérés avec un trouble de personnalité antisociale.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Enebrink, Pia. "Antisocial behaviour in clinically referred boys : early identification and assessment procedures in child psychiatry /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-268-3/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

LaRue, Gillian Christina. "Misdiagnosing Borderline Personality Disorder: Does Setting Bias and Gender Bias Influence Diagnostic Decision-Making?" Wright State University Professional Psychology Program / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wsupsych1562840248763243.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Andrade, Joel T. "Psychosocial Precursors of Psychopathy in a Psychiatric Sample: A Structural Equation Model Analysis." Thesis, Boston College, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1387.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis advisor: Thomas O'Hare
Psychopathy has received a marked increase in attention in the research literature over the past 2 decades since the validation and standardization of assessment tools designed to measure this construct, particularly the Psychopathy Checklist-measures (Hare, 1991/2003; Hart, Cox, & Hare, 1995; and Forth, Kosson, & Hare, 2003). Psychopathy has been identified as the best single predictor of violence among adult offenders (Hart, 1998). Such findings have led some to conclude that "psychopathy is the most important psychological construct for policy and practice in the criminal justice system" (Harris, Skilling, & Rice, 2001). Despite the overwhelming evidence of substantial societal and individual costs attributable to this disorder, little is known about psychosocial precursors of psychopathy. This study examines risk factors related to the development of psychopathy, as measured by the PCL:SV, in a sample of 446 psychiatric patients using structural equation modeling (SEM). The final SEM includes five predictor variables measuring early-life physical abuse, paternal antisocial behavior, and cognitive ability. Severe physical abuse (β = 0.17, p = .043), biological father's alcohol abuse history (β = .16, p =.004), biological father's arrest history (β = 0.13, p = .02), and the subject's cognitive ability (β = -0.18, p < .001) were found predictive of psychopathy in this sample. Post hoc analyses comparing male and female subjects, and black and white subjects, indicate different causal pathways in the development of psychopathy among these groups. Future research designed to assess these potentially different causal pathways are recommended. Implications to clinical theory, practice, and policy are also discussed
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2009
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Social Work
Discipline: Social Work

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Torres, Cristian, and Cristian Torres@act gov au. "Early maladaptive schemas and cognitive distortions in psychopathy and narcissism." The Australian National University. Faculty of Science, 2003. http://thesis.anu.edu.au./public/adt-ANU20031107.130315.

Full text

Abstract:

Personality disorders have traditionally been considered refractory to psychological interventions. Two of the most common, and potentially harmful personality disorders are antisocial personality disorder / psychopathy, and narcissism. Although a great deal of conceptual overlap exists between psychopathy and narcissism, the empirical study of these constructs has proceeded largely independently of one another. Further complicating the discrimination of these constructs is the identification of the bi-factorial nature of psychopathy - conceptualised as primary and secondary psychopathy - as well as the identification of two distinct forms of narcissism, overt and covert. The recent resurgence of interest in the sub-clinical manifestations of these two constructs has led to the development of a number of easily administered instruments to measure each of the psychopathy and narcissism constructs, as dimensional traits, within normal populations. This has provided empirically validated and reliable instruments to further explicate these two overlapping constructs. The first of the two studies reported sought to discriminate between psychopathy and narcissism through the recharacterisation of these constructs in terms of the early maladaptive schemas outlined in Youngs early maladaptive schema theory (Young, 1999). Two hundred and ninety one participants completed questionnaires measuring primary and secondary psychopathy, overt and covert narcissism, and early maladaptive schemas. Findings are consistent with the hypothesis that psychopathy and narcissism are discriminable in cognitive-interpersonal terms, as operationalised by early maladaptive schemas. Findings also call into question the earlier observed hierarchical structure of the Young Schema Questionnaire. The current analysis identified a two-factor structure to the schema questionnaire, rather than the previously stated 5-factors. Having demonstrated the usefulness of understanding psychopathy and narcissism in cognitive-interpersonal terms, the second study sought to further clarify the association between psychopathy and narcissism through the reconceptualisation of these constructs in cognitive terms, through the identification of the cognitive distortions operative in each disorder. One hundred and thirty two participants completed a cognitive distortions questionnaire developed by the author, along with the same measures of primary and secondary psychopathy, and overt and covert narcissism, as those administered in study 1. Findings were interpreted as providing support for the notion of psychopathy representing a sub-category of narcissism. Findings also provide further supportive evidence for the validity of the primary / secondary psychopathy, and overt / covert narcissism distinctions. The further clarification of the factor structure of the Young Schema Questionnaire, and the replication of the reliability and construct validity of the measure of cognitive distortions developed for this research are highlighted as areas for future research.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Abbass, Nagim Tony, and Jonas Molin. "Psychopaths in the media : Criminals, madmen or hidden among us?" Thesis, Hälsohögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, HHJ, Avd. för beteendevetenskap och socialt arbete, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-20568.

Full text

Abstract:

When society is viewed in a social constructive manner, the social worker is as affected as the general population by the media and the image it portrays. A prejudice or bias social worker will not be as effective in his work as his intentions are. The purpose of this thesis was to discover if there are any visible cultural differences in the usage and description of the concept of psychopathy or a psychopath himself in the media, more specifically, daily newspapers. There are three American newspapers and three Swedish newspapers examined in this study. The study is based on a quantiative content analysis of articles published between 1st of January 2008 and 1st of July 2012. The collected data is categorized where the articles can fall under one or more of five available categories. Even though no clear results occurred, some interesting indications are visible between American newspapers and Swedish newspapers, but more so between different American newspapers. Psychopaths, people with an Antisocial Personality Disorder, are most frequently mentioned as criminals or maniacs/madmen in both countries with a modestly higher percentage for the United States of America.
När samhället blir sett ur ett socialkonstruktionistiskt perspektiv, blir socialarbetaren lika påverkad som den övriga populationen av den bild som media förmedlar och framställer. En fördomsfull eller partisk socialarbetare kommer inte att uppnå den effektivitet i sin profession som syftet med yrket innebär. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka eller upptäcka om det finns några synliga kulturella skillnader i bruket och beskrivningen av psykopati som begrepp eller psykopaten som person i media, mer specifikt dagstidningar. I den här studien ingår tre amerikanska dagstidningar och tre svenska dagstidningar. Studien är baserad på en kvantitativ innehållsanalys av artiklar publicerade mellan 1:a januari 2008 och 1:a juli 2012. Den insamlade data är kategoriserad där varje artikel kan falla under en eller flera av fem förekommande kategorier. Även om det inte går att utläsa några tydliga resultat, föreligger indikationer som kan vara av intresse mellan amerikanska dagstidningar och svenska dagstidningar, men dessa är tydligare mellan de olika amerikanska dagstidningarna. Psykopater, människor som har en antisocial personlighetsstörning, beskrivs mestadels som kriminella eller galningar/dårar i båda ländernas dagstidningar med en viss högre procentuell representation vad gäller USA.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Tracy, Kelly A. "A Twin Study of Antisocial Behavior and Depression: Methodology, Etiology, and Comorbidity." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1520.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Larsson, Henrik. "Genetic and environmental factors in the development of externalizing symptoms from childhood to adolescence /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-524-0/.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Lindblom, Sophia. "Objektrelationer hos livsstilskriminella män : En litteraturstudie." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal Bräcke högskola, S:t Lukas utbildningsinstitut, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-7158.

Full text

Abstract:

Inledning: I föreliggande litteraturstudie analyseras tre kvantitativa studier somundersökt sambanden mellan objektrelationer och antisocial personlighetsstörningoch psykopati hos kriminella män. Målgruppen överensstämmer väl med personermed kriminell livsstil. Föreliggande uppsats syftar till att utifrån den samladekunskapen öka förståelsen för de omedvetna emotionella processerna hospersoner med kriminell livsstil. En ökad förståelse antas kunna bidra till bättreanpassad behandling för målgruppen. Frågeställningar: Vilka objektrelationer finns hos livsstilskriminella män? Hurkan en större förståelse inom området bidra till bättre anpassade interventionerför målgruppen? Metod: Studierna har inkluderats genom databassökning och analyserats genomtematisering där generella och specifika aspekter av objektrelationer hosmålgruppen identifierats. Resultat: Resultatet visar att målgruppen generellt har enpersonlighetsorganisation på borderlinenivå. Specifikt är egocentrism denintrapsykiska aspekt som är mest karaktäristisk. Interventioner som visat sigframgångsrika med andra former av personlighetsstörningar inom kluster B antasvara användbara för målgruppen. Diskussion: Vidare forskning behövs om hur målgruppens egocentrism skahanteras i den terapeutiska situationen. Psykoedukativa inslag om egocentrismantas kunna bidra till att klienten idealiserar denna kunskap, vilket kan vändas tillett intresse för det egna inre.
Introduction: In this literature study, the relationships between objectrelationships and antisocial personality disorder and psychopathy among criminalswas analysed. The aim is to increase the understanding of the unconsciousemotional processes of people with a criminal lifestyle. An increasedunderstanding is believed to contribute to better tailored interventions for thetarget group. Issues: What object relations are found in men with a criminal lifestyle? How cana greater understanding in the area contribute to better tailored interventions forthe target group? Methods: The studies have been included through database search and examinedthrough thematization. General and specific aspects of object relations wereidentified. Results: The result shows that the target group generally has a personalityorganization at borderline level. Specifically, egocentrism is the characteristicaspect. Interventions that have proved to be successful with other personalitydisorders within cluster B are believed to be useful to the target group. Discussion: Further research is needed to examine how egocentrism should behandled in the therapeutic situation. Psycho-educative elements aboutegocentrism are believed to help the client idealize this knowledge and turn it intoan interest in his own mental states.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Falkenbach, Diana M. "The subtypes of psychopathy and their relationship to hostile and instrumental aggression." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000569.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Keenan, Gwen. "An examination of how the label ‘antisocial personality disorder’ affects staff’s causal attributions of challenging behaviour and how stress interacts with this process : & clinical research portfolio." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2010. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2253/.

Full text

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the diagnostic label ‘antisocial personality disorder’ on health care staff’s causal attributions of challenging behaviour, their emotional responses to that challenging behaviour, their optimism about treatment and behavioural change and their propensity to help. Of additional interest was how three aspects of burnout might impact on the above variables. This study employed a between subjects questionnaire methodology. There were 62 participants that comprised of healthcare staff working in low and medium secure mental health settings. Participants were given a case vignette describing a challenging behaviour. In one group, the character in the case vignette was described as having a diagnosis of ‘antisocial personality disorder’, in another group he was described as having a diagnosis of ‘schizophrenia’ and in the third group no diagnosis was provided. Participants then rated the causal attributions, emotional responses, optimism and helping behaviour. All ratings were taken on seven point bipolar scales. Finally they completed the Maslach Burnout Inventory (1996). Participants who were given the vignette with the ASPD diagnosis gave higher ratings for causal attributions of control. The no label group responded with the highest ratings of anger. On the sample as a whole, attributions of controllability and internality were correlated. Controllability was correlated with emotional responding and helping behaviour. Optimism was correlated with helping behaviour. Emotional exhaustion was associated with attributions of controllability and internality. Depersonalisation was also associated with attributions of controllability. Diminished personal accomplishment was associated with optimism. The label antisocial personality disorder may influence how staff make causal attributions of control. This may have implications for how staff respond to such patients. Attributions of control were associated with more anger, less sympathy and less helping behaviour. In addition staff that are experiencing high levels of stress may also have been more vulnerable to making attributions of control. This study found that qualified nursing staff were more likely to experience stress. These findings are discussed in relation to current literature and the clinical implications are described particularly in relation to the formulation of interventions for healthcare staff.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Taka-Eilola, T. (Tiina). "Mental health problems in the adult offspring of antenatally depressed mothers in the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort:relationship with parental severe mental disorder." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2019. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526222455.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract Maternal depressed mood during pregnancy is common, but studies on the offspring of antenatally depressed mothers, with a long follow-up, are scarce. The aim was to study whether the adult offspring of antenatally depressed mothers are at an elevated risk of psychoses, depression, bipolar disorder, antisocial and borderline personality disorder, and schizotypal and affective traits. Parental severe mental disorder was considered as both a genetic and environmental risk factor for mental disorders. The data are based on the unselected, prospective, population-based Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort of 12,058 live-born children. The data were collected beginning from pregnancy and ending mid-adulthood. The mothers were asked about their mood during pregnancy at the antenatal clinic at 24–28 gestational weeks. Of the mothers, 13.9% rated themselves as depressed (11.8%) or very depressed (2.1%) during pregnancy. Parents’ severe, hospital-treated mental disorders, and the cohort members’ mental disorders were identified mainly by using the Finnish Care Register for Health Care. In this study, the adult offspring of antenatally depressed mothers had an increased risk of depression, and the male offspring for antisocial personality disorder, compared to cohort members without antenatally depressed mothers. The offspring with both maternal antenatal depressed mood and parental severe mental disorder had a markedly elevated risk of schizophrenia and depression, compared to cohort members without one or both of the risk factors. This is the first study where the offspring of antenatally depressed mothers were followed till mid-adulthood, also taking into account parental severe mental disorders. Based on the findings, the prevention of and early intervention in antenatal depression, especially in families with severe mental illness, might present an opportunity to reduce the risk of mental disorders in the offspring
Tiivistelmä Äitien raskausajan masennus on yleistä, mutta pitkiä seurantatutkimuksia raskausaikana masentuneiden äitien lapsista on vähän. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää, onko raskausaikana masentuneiden äitien aikuisilla jälkeläisillä kohonnut riski sairastua skitsofreniaan, masennukseen, kaksisuuntaiseen mielialahäiriöön, epäsosiaaliseen tai epävakaaseen persoonallisuushäiriöön, ja ilmeneekö heillä enemmän skitsotyyppisiä tai affektiivisia piirteitä. Vanhempien vakavien mielenterveydenhäiriöiden katsottiin olevan sekä mahdollisia geneettisiä että ympäristöön liittyviä riskitekijöitä jälkeläisten mielenterveyshäiriöille. Tutkimus perustuu yleisväestöön pohjautuvaan, prospektiiviseen Pohjois-Suomen vuoden 1966 syntymäkohorttiin, johon kuuluu 12 058 elävänä syntynyttä lasta. Kohortin jäseniä on seurattu sikiöajalta keski-ikään, aina 49 ikävuoteen saakka. Äitien raskaudenaikaista mielialaa tiedusteltiin raskausviikoilla 24–28 neuvolassa. 13,9 % äideistä raportoi mielialansa masentuneeksi (11,8 %) tai hyvin masentuneeksi (2.1%) raskausaikana. Vanhempien vakavat mielenterveydenhäiriöt ja kohortin jäsenten mielenterveyshäiriöt selvitettiin pääosin hoitoilmoitusrekisteritiedoista. Tutkimuksessa raskaudenaikana masentuneiden äitien lapsilla havaittiin kohonnut depressioriski sekä kohonnut epäsosiaalisen persoonallisuushäiriön riski miehillä, verrattuna kohortin jäseniin, joiden äitien mieliala ei ollut masentunut raskausaikana. Kohortin jäsenillä, joiden äideillä oli raskausajan masennusta ja toisella vanhemmista vakava mielenterveyshäiriö, oli kohonnut riski sairastua skitsofreniaan ja depressioon, verrattuna heihin, joilla oli vain yksi tai ei kumpaakaan näistä riskitekijöistä. Tämä on ensimmäinen tutkimus, jossa raskausaikana masentuneiden äitien lapsia on seurattu keski-ikään saakka, huomioiden myös vanhempien vakavat mielenterveydenhäiriöt. Tutkimuksen tulosten perusteella äidin raskausajan masennusoireiden varhaisen tunnistamisen ja hoidon voitaisiin ajatella vähentävien jälkeläisten mielenterveysongelmien riskiä, etenkin perheissä, joissa on vakavia mielenterveysongelmia

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Castellana, Gustavo Bonini. "Comparação de traços psicopáticos entre jovens infratores e não-infratores." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-27082014-104205/.

Full text

Abstract:

Introdução: A prática de atos infracionais e comportamento antissocial entre jovens podem estar associados a traços psicopáticos constitucionais (primários) ou ambientais (secundários) presentes no desenvolvimento desses indivíduos. O comportamento antissocial também está associado com a resposta autonômica diminuída diante de estímulos com saliência emocional. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as diferenças de traços psicopáticos primários e secundários entre jovens infratores e jovens da comunidade com nível socioeconômico semelhante. Foi também objetivo a comparação dos padrões de resposta autonômica frente a estímulos visuais agradáveis, neutros e desagradáveis entre os grupos. Métodos: A escala Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) foi utilizada para identificar se jovens infratores do sexo masculino, que cumpriam medida socioeducativa de internação nas unidades da Fundação Centro de Atendimento Socioeducativo ao Adolescente (CASA) em São Paulo, apresentavam diferenças na sua pontuação total, e especificamente no fator 1 ou fator 2 da escala, quando comparados com outros jovens da comunidade, em condições socioeconômicas semelhantes. Para isso foram excluídos da amostra os jovens que apresentavam critérios para Transtornos mentais ou Retardo mental de acordo com a Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) e escala Wechsler de inteligência para adultos (WAIS- III), respectivamente. Foram também excluídos da comparação aqueles que apresentaram pontuação condizente com o critério de psicopatia no Brasil (igual ou maior que 23 pontos na escala PCL-R). A resposta autonômica foi avaliada por meio das medidas de latência, amplitude e labilidade da atividade elétrica da pele (AEP) diante de imagens agradáveis, neutras e desagradáveis do International Affective Picture System (IAPS). Resultados: 39 infratores e 31 jovens do grupo controle foram comparados em relação aos traços psicopáticos. Os grupos apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p < 0,01) na pontuação média do PCL-R, sendo 13.4 a pontuação média entre infratores e 2.1 entre não-infratores. Foram encontradas também diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos quando analisadas separadamente as médias de pontuação no fator 1 (p < 0,01) e fator 2 (p < 0,01) da PCL-R. Apesar dos grupos terem apresentado diferença estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,01) nos níveis educacionais, a ANCOVA realizada para comparar os resultados da média de pontuação na PCL-R entre os grupos, controlando para nível educacional, mostrou que a diferença nos resultados da PCL-R permaneceu estatisticamente significativa (p < 0,01). Na comparação da resposta autonômica foi possível a inclusão de 33 infratores com os mesmos 31 do grupo controle. Foram também encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p < 0,01) na amplitude da AEP, sendo que o grupo de infratores apresentou maior ativação autonômica para estímulos agradáveis, porém menor ativação autonômica para estímulos desagradáveis. Conclusões: nesta amostra, tanto a presença de traços psicopáticos primários - associados a características constitucionais - quanto de traços psicopáticos secundários - associados a características ambientais, foram maiores entre infratores. No entanto a proporção de cada um destes fatores foi a mesma entre os grupos, com predominância dos traços secundários em ambos os grupos. Portanto não se pode atribuir a delinquência juvenil nesta amostra a nenhum fator especificamente - constitucional ou ambiental-, ainda que os fatores ambientais tenham contribuído de forma mais significativa para os traços psicopáticos na amostra como um todo. Os padrões de ativação autonômica entre infratores indicam que as respostas emocionais destes jovens diante dos estímulos agradáveis e desagradáveis do ambiente são diferentes dos outros jovens da comunidade, apontando características singulares da reação emocional de jovens infratores. Os resultados sugerem a necessidade de intervenções amplas, não restritas a aspectos socioeconômicos, na abordagem da delinquência juvenil
Introduction: The perpetration of infractional acts and display of antisocial behavior among young people may be associated with constitutional (primary) or environmental psychopathic traits (secondary) present in their development. Antisocial behavior is also associated with impaired autonomic response to emotionally charged stimuli. The aim of this study was to analyze the differences in primary and secondary psychopathic traits among young offenders and youngsters with similar socioeconomic status in a community. Another objective was to compare the patterns of autonomic response to pleasant, unpleasant and neutral visual stimuli between groups. Method: The Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R) scale was used to identify whether male young offenders, who were detained at the units of Fundação Centro de Atendimento Socioeducativo ao Adolescente (CASA) at São Paulo, exhibited total score differences, and specifically for factor 1 or factor 2 of this scale, when compared with other young people in similar socioeconomic conditions from the community. To this end, young people who met the criteria for mental disorders or mental retardation were excluded, ased on the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and Wechsler adult intelligence scale (WAIS- III), respectively. The comparison also excluded those who presented scores consistent with the criteria for psychopathy in Brazil (equal to or greater than 23 points on the PCL-R). The autonomic response was evaluated by means of latency, amplitude and lability of electrodermal activity (EDA) when presented with pleasant, unpleasant and neutral images from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). Results: 39 offenders and 31 nonoffenders were compared in relation to psychopathic traits. The groups presented statistically significant differences (p < 0.01) in PCL-R score averages, being 13.4 the average score in the group of offenders and 2.1 in the non-offender group. Significant differences between the groups were also detected when factor 1 (p < 0.01) and factor 2 (p < 0.01) PCL-R score averages were analyzed separately. Although the groups presented statistically significant difference in educational level, the ANCOVA used to compare the PCL-R scores averages between the groups, controlling for educational level, showed that the difference in PCL-R scores remained statistically significant (p < 0,01). In the comparison of autonomic response, it was possible to include 33 offenders with the same 31 from the control group. Statistically significant differences (p < 0.01) in EDA amplitudes were also found, and the group of offenders showed greater autonomic activation to pleasant stimuli, but less autonomic activation to unpleasant stimuli. Conclusions: in this sample, both the presence of primary psychopathic traits (due to inherited characteristics) and secondary psychopathic traits (due to environmental factors) was greater among young offenders. However, the proportion of each of these factors was the same between groups, with predominance of secondary traits in both groups. Therefore, one cannot specifically attribute juvenile delinquency in this sample to any factor - constitutional or environmental - although the environmental factors contributed more significantly to psychopathic traits in the sample as a whole. Patterns of autonomic activation among offenders indicate that the emotional responses of these young people when presented with pleasant and unpleasant stimuli in the environment are different from the other youngsters of the community, indicating particular features in the emotional response of young offenders. These results suggest that addressing juvenile delinquency requires far-reaching interventions, not solely restricted to socieconomic factors

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Achá, Maria Fernanda Faria. "Funcionamento executivo e traços de psicopatia em jovens infratores." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-07122011-150839/.

Full text

Abstract:

Introdução: A literatura aponta um envolvimento cada vez maior de jovens com a delinquência e a criminalidade. Nos últimos anos, as pesquisas com população forense têm buscado estudar a etiologia do comportamento antissocial. Neste contexto a avaliação neuropsicológica tem sido cada vez mais utilizada como recurso para a investigação da correlação entre conduta infracional e déficits cognitivos. Este estudo investigou o desempenho cognitivo de jovens infratores reincidentes e não reincidentes em tarefas relacionadas às funções executivas. Método: 38 jovens infratores com idade média de 18 anos (±0,23) foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo 1: Infratores Primários (n=17) e Grupo 2: Infratores Reincidentes (n=21). Para a avaliação clínica utilizou-se os seguintes instrumentos: Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI); Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R) e os testes neuropsicológicos: Semelhanças; Fluência Verbal, Stroop Color Test, Cubos, Vocabulário, Dígitos, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Trail Making Test (TMT) e índice de quociente de inteligência estimado (QI). Resultados: Os grupos foram pareados quanto à idade e escolaridade. O grupo de reincidentes (Grupo 2) mostrou maior pontuação na escala PCL-R (p=0,05) corroborando a tese de que traços de psicopatia são maiores entre infratores reincidentes. Nas provas neuropsicológicas de fluência verbal, TMT, Stroop, WCST, semelhanças e vocabulário, os grupos não se diferenciaram estatisticamente. Já na avaliação da execução de tarefas que exigem planejamento viso-espacial e QI estimado, o grupo 2 apresentou desempenho superior (p <0,01). Por outro lado, o grupo dos primários (grupo 1) apresentou maior eficiência (p=0,04) em tarefas relacionadas à amplitude atencional auditiva. Conclusões: O estudo permitiu identificar que as variáveis neuropsicológicas não são por si só, consistentes para discriminar aspectos cognitivos entre jovens infratores primários e reincidentes
Background: According to the literature, juvenile delinquency is a growing problem in many countries, which has increased researches with forensic population seeking for the etiology of antisocial behavior. In this context, neuropsychological evaluation is usually used as an important tool to investigate the correlation between conduct behavior and cognitive deficits. The present research compared executive functions between recidivist juvenile offenders and non-recidivist ones. Methods: 38 young offenders with 18 years old of average (±0,23) were divided in two groups: Group 1: Primary Offenders (n=17) and Group 2: Recidivist Offenders (n = 21), both evaluated through the following tools: Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), Psychopathy Checklist Revised(PCL-R) and the neuropsychological tests: similarities, verbal fluency, Stroop Color Test, block design, vocabulary, digit span, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), Trail Making Test (TMT) and intelligence coefficient estimated (IQ). Results: The groups were controlled regarding age and scholarship. The recidivist group (group 2) showed higher scores at the PCL-R (p = 0,05) corroborating the theory that psychopathic traits are higher in these offenders. The groups reveal no statistical difference in the following neuropsychological test: verbal fluency, TMT, Stroop, WCST, similarities and vocabulary. However, group 2 presented better ability in activities requiring perceptual organization (p< 0,01), and also had higher estimated IQ (p< 0,02). In the other hand, group 1 performed better in tasks related to auditory sequencing and short-term memory (p=0,04). Conclusion: The results indicate that neuropsychological variables alone are not sufficient to discriminate between recidivist and norecidivist young offenders

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Barros, Daniel Martins de. "Correlação entre grau de psicopatia, nível de julgamento moral e resposta psicofisiológica em jovens infratores." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-26052011-144316/.

Full text

Abstract:

Introdução: A psicopatia sempre foi associada a comportamentos imorais e frieza emocional, além de risco de reincidência criminal. Embora a frieza dos psicopatas seja bem estabelecida, não há consenso sobre o nível de discernimento moral desses indivíduos, existindo teorias propondo que eles não apresentam desenvolvimento moral adequado enquanto outras propõem que o que lhes falta é querer agir, não saber discernir o certo do errado. Já quando analisamos a relação entre essas três variáveis, psicopatia, imoralidade e frieza, os dados são ainda mais díspares, não existindo consenso sobre a necessidade ou não da presença de emoções para o amadurecimento moral. O estudo de sujeitos infratores encarcerados é interessante nesse contexto, uma vez que permite o controle de variáveis de confusão envolvidas nessa inter-relação, como influências ambientais, vivência criminal, grau de psicopatia, uso de drogas e QI. Em se tratando de jovens infratores, há ainda a vantagem de se estudar uma amostra homogênea quanto à idade. Objetivos: Verificar se existe correlação entre os níveis de maturidade moral e os graus de frieza emocional e de psicopatia, tomando por base uma população de jovens em medida sócio-educativa de internação na Fundação Casa. Adicionalmente, verificar a capacidade de previsão de reincidência da tradução brasileira do PCL-R. Esperou-se correlação inversa significante entre o escore da Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R) e reatividade autonômica e nível de julgamento moral. Quanto a estas duas últimas variáveis, estabelecemos como hipótese a independência entre ambas. Acreditamos ainda que infratores reincidentes iriam diferir de primários no grau de psicopatia. Métodos: Trinta jovens em medida sócio-educativa foram submetidos a avaliação: a) do grau de psicopatia com a escala PCL-R, separando fator 1 (ligado às relações interpessoais e frieza) e fator 2 (ligado a estilo de vida criminal, comportamentos antissociais); b) do nível de maturidade moral com o Socio-moral Objective Measure (SROM-SF); c) da frieza emocional, refletida na resposta psicofisiológica aferida pela atividade elétrica da pele (AEP) diante de estímulos visuais eliciadores de respostas afetivas provenientes do International Affective Picture System (IAPS). Resultados: Encontrou-se relação direta entre o fator 1 do PCL-R e a latência de resposta autonômica (teste de Spearman, p<0,005), e entre o fator 2 e o maior controle vagal (teste de Spearman, p<0,005). Não houve correlação entre a maturidade moral e o nível de psicopatia (teste de Spearman, p>0,05) ou frieza emocional (teste de Spearman, p>0,05). Os escores no PCL-R diferenciaram as populações de reincidentes e primários (teste t, p=0,0006). Conclusões: Conforme previsto, houve relação significativa entre o grau de psicopatia e a frieza emocional psicofisiologicamente aferida pela AEP. Além disso, a previsão de independência entre AEP e julgamento moral também se confirmou. Diferentemente da hipótese inicial, o grau de psicopatia não apresentou correlação com o nível de julgamento moral. Adicionalmente, verificou-se que a tradução brasileira do PCL-R demonstrou consistência ao prever a reincidência criminal na amostra estudada.
Background: Psychopathy has always been associated with immoral behavior and callousness. Although the latter characteristic is well established for psychopaths, there is no consensus regarding the level of moral discernment of these individuals: some theories suggest that they lack appropriate moral development, whilst others, that they lack only the willing to act properly. Regarding the relationship of these three variables - psychopathy, immorality and callousness - data is even less consistent. Thus, it is important to investigate incarcerated offenders, since studies with such population allow one to control for variables that may confound this inter-relationship, such as environmental influences, criminal experience, psychopathy, drug use and IQ. The investigation of juvenile offenders has additional advantages, as they form a homogeneous sample regarding age. Objectives: To verify the correlation between level of moral judgment, callousness and psychopathy in juvenile offenders incarcerated in Fundação Casa. We also wished to verify the risk prediction of the Brazilian version of the Psychopathy Checklist Revised (PCL-R). We expected to find inverse correlations between PCL-R scores and electrodermal activity and moral judgment level. Regarding the last two variables, we expected that they should be independent from each other. Finally, we expected that primary offenders would be different from recidivist ones. Methods: Thirty incarcerated young offenders were evaluated regarding: a) the degree of psychopathy according with scores on the scale PCL-R, split between factor 1 (which reflects interpersonal relationships and coldness) and factor 2 (reflecting criminal lifestyle, antisocial behaviors), b) level of moral judgment level as assessed with the Socio-moral Objective Measure-Short Form (SROM-SF), c) emotional callousness as measured through psychophysiological responses (electrodermal activity EDA) to visual stimuli from the International Affective Pictures System (IAPS). Results: We found a direct relationship between factor 1 of the PCL-R and latency of EDA response (Spearman test, p<0,005), and between factor 2 and greater vagal control (Spearman test, p<0,005). No significant relationship was found between moral maturity and level of psychopathy or callousness (Spearman test, p>0,05). PCL-R scores were able to distinguish primary from recidivist offenders (t test, p=0,0006). Conclusions: As predicted, there was a significant correlation between psychopathy levels and callousness as measured through EDA. Moreover, we also confirmed the prediction that there would be no relationship between EDA and moral judgment. However, different from what we expected, psychopathy level did not show any significant relationship with moral judgment. Additionally, it was found that the Brazilian version of the PCL-R demonstrated consistency in predicting recidivism in the sample studied.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Oliveira, Karina Diniz 1975. "Perfil sócio demográfico, padrão de consumo e comportamento criminoso em usuários de substâncias psicoativas que iniciaram tratamento." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/311713.

Full text

Abstract:

Orientador: Renata Cruz Soares de Azevedo
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T07:53:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_KarinaDiniz_M.pdf: 3531989 bytes, checksum: 73983ee9be66e7ef4a9bb7107251be13 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: Objetivos Descrever o perfil sócio-demográfico e o padrão de uso em usuários e dependentes de substâncias psicoativas (SPA), que procuraram tratamento. Discutir a relação entre uso e dependência de SPA e o cometimento de atos criminosos. Métodos Estudo quantitativo, de corte transversal, realizado com 183 sujeitos maiores de 18 anos, usuários e/ou dependentes de uma ou mais substâncias psicoativas, em tratamento em dois serviços de saúde especializados em dependência química em Campinas-SP. Instrumentos aplicados: questionário de dados sócio-demográficos, padrão de consumo de substâncias psicoativas e eventual cometimento de delitos; itens das seções J, K e P do "Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview". Foi desenvolvida, a partir da exclusão dos itens do M.I.N.I. relacionados à criminalidade, uma nova variável, denominada Transtorno de Personalidade Antissocial Modificado (TPASm). Resultados Maioria masculina, com média de idade 40,8 anos, menos de 8 anos de escolaridade, poliusuários de substâncias psicoativas. Delitos foram cometidos por 40,4% da população; 27,9% preencheram critérios para transtorno de personalidade antissocial (TPAS). TPASm mostrou-se um fator relacionado ao cometimento de crimes, assim como o uso de solventes na adolescência (OR=5,442), não ter religião (OR= 6,783) e co-morbidade com TPAS (OR= 9,225). Conclusões Ser usuário ou dependente de SPA pode contribuir para a prática de crimes. A falta de religiosidade, o uso de solventes na adolescência e a co-morbidade com Transtorno de Personalidade Antissocial Modificado mostraram-se fatores de impacto no comportamento delitivo
Abstract: Objectives To describe the profile and pattern of use in substance abuse and dependents that looked for treatment in two centers in the city of Campinas, SP. Besides, discusses the relationship between criminal behavior and the use and dependence of psychoatives substances (PSA). Methods Quantitative cross-section study, 183 adult participants, users and/or dependents of one or multiples psychoatives substances, in treatment in two drug rehabilitation centers in the city of Campinas, Brazil during the years of 2008 and 2009. The measurements are a questionnaire containing sociodemographic data, the subject's pattern of consumption of psychoactive drugs, and the practice of committing crimes. Items from Sections J, K and P of the "Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. A new variable was described as "modified" ASPD (ASPDm), which was determined by excluding the items on the MINI directly related to criminality. Results The respondents were male, average age was 40.8, less than 8 years of shooling. Poliuse of psychoactive substances. Criminal acts had been practiced by40,4% of the sample; 51 complied with criteria for ASPD. The variables correlated with criminal behavior were: ASPDm, absence of religious practice (OR=6,783), diagnosis of ASPD (OR=9,225) and the antecedent of use of solvents (OR=5,442). Conclusion Being a user or addict of one or multiple substances was can be a factor for practicing criminal acts. Besides, the use of solvents in adolescence, lack of religiosity and comorbity with ASPD were seen as having an impact on the practice of criminal acts
Mestrado
Saude Mental
Mestre em Ciências Médicas

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Cravens-Brown, Lisa Marie. "Eysenck and antisocial behavior." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1038457465.

Full text

Abstract:

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2002.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 75 p. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Michael Vasey, Dept. of Psychology. Includes bibliographical references (p. 70-75).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Lavallée, Audrey. "Caractérisation des souvenirs définissant le soi de patients internés en hôpital psychiatrique sécuritaire avec un trouble de la personnalité antisociale." Thesis, Lille 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL3H041.

Full text

Abstract:

La mémoire autobiographique joue un rôle central dans la construction du self. C’est au travers des souvenirs des évènements vécus que la notion d’identité se construit et que s’élaborent les buts de vie et les stratégies de résolution de problèmes. Etudier la mémoire autobiographique offre une perception de la façon dont les individus se construisent et se perçoivent par le prisme de l’histoire de vie. Dans cette thèse, nous avons choisi d’étudier la mémoire autobiographique d’hommes avec un trouble de la personnalité antisociale, ayant commis des crimes et délits, internés en hôpital psychiatrique sécuritaire. Etudier leurs souvenirs autobiographiques et plus spécifiquement les caractéristiques de leurs souvenirs définissant le soi, nous a permis de mettre en évidence des déficits dans leur capacité de rappel. Leurs difficultés pour structurer et extraire un sens de leurs évènements passés ainsi que l’émotion de colère associée à leur rappel semblent indiquer l’influence de leur histoire de vie traumatique dans leur symptomatologie. Par des mesures semi-qualitatives, comportementales et physiologiques, dans ce travail de recherche, nous avons pu mettre en exergue l’importance de la dimension d’intégration dans le processus identitaire. Ainsi, cette thèse, par son apport de connaissances sur le trouble de la personnalité antisociale, permet d’ouvrir de nouvelles perspectives cliniques et scientifiques
Autobiographical memory plays a core role in the self’s construction. It is through memories of experienced events that the identity notion is constructed and that life goals and problem-solving strategies are elaborated. Investigate autobiographical memory offers an overview of how individuals forge and perceive themselves through the prism of life story. In this thesis we have chosen to examine the autobiographical memory of men with antisocial personality disorder, having committed crimes and offences and inpatients in forensic hospital. Study their autobiographical memories and more specifically the characteristics of their self-defining memories allowed us to highlight deficits in their retrieval’s abilities. Their difficulties in structuring and in meaning making from their past events as well as the emotion of anger associated with their recall seem to indicate the influence of their traumatic history in their symptomatology. Through semi-qualitative, behavioral and physiological measures, we emphasized the importance of the integrative dimension in the identity process. Hence, this thesis, by its contribution of knowledge on antisocial personality disorder, opens new clinical and scientific perspectives

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Morana, Hilda Clotilde Penteado. ""Identificação do ponto de corte para a escala PCL-R (Psychopathy Checklist Revised) em população forense brasileira: caracterização de dois subtipos de personalidade; transtorno global e parcial"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2004. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-14022004-211709/.

Full text

Abstract:

MORANA, HCP. Identificação do ponto de corte para a escala PCL-R (Psychopathy Checklist Revised) em população forense brasileira : caracterização de dois subtipos de personalidade ; transtorno global e parcial. São Paulo, 2003. 178p. Tese (Doutorado) Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo. No Brasil, não existem até o momento, na esfera jurídico-penal, instrumentos padronizados que permitam a identificação de sujeitos que possam vir a reincidir em crimes, principalmente os de natureza violenta e cruel. O PCL-R, já amplamente utilizado e institucionalizado em diversos países, preenche esta lacuna. Este estudo visa discriminar, através da análise da personalidade, sujeitos considerados psicopatas e não psicopatas, correlacionados neste estudo como transtorno global (TG) e parcial (TP) da personalidade, respectivamente. O grupo de estudo é composto por 56 sujeitos denominados de POPULAÇÃO FORENSE, sendo: 33 sujeitos identificados como TG e 23 sujeitos identificados como TP. Todos os 56 sujeitos foram analisados através dos dados clínicos, institucionais, da Prova de Rorschach e do PCL-R. Esta população foi comparada a 30 sujeitos denominados de POPULAÇÃO CONTROLE, e que também foram avaliados pelos mesmos instrumentos do grupo de estudo. A personalidade, de ambos os grupos da população forense, se relaciona a condutas anti-sociais, mas apresenta diferenças quanto à dinâmica psíquica e às repercussões sobre o comportamento. A correta identificação de tais sujeitos apresenta implicações diversas para o sistema forense e penitenciário e pode vir a contribuir para diminuir os índices de reincidência criminal e de violência no país. A validação do instrumento (PCL-R) e identificação do ponto de corte para a condição de psicopatia (TG em nossa notação) foi realizada através do uso concorrente entre ambos os instrumentos e resultou no valor de 23 (IC=21,61 a 24,05). A média encontrada foi de 28,63 (IC=26,78 a 30,48). O valor da medida da sensibilidade foi de 84,8% e a confiabilidade entre ambos os instrumentos, medida através do índice Kappa, foi considerada elevada, resultando no valor de 0,8735.
MORANA, HCP. Identifying the Brazilian PCL-R (Psychopathy Checklist Revised) cut-off score for forensic population : characterizing two personality subtypes; global personality disorder (GPD) and Partial personality disorder (PPD). São Paulo, 2003. 178p. Tese (Doutorado) Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo. In Brazil, there have been no standardized instruments in the legal and penal field so far that enable-identifying subjects who may relapse into crime, mainly those crimes of violent and cruel nature. The PCL-R, broadly used and institutionalized in several countries, fills such gap. The goal of the present study is to discriminate, through in-depth personality assessment, subjects considered psychopathic and non-psychopathic, correlated in this study to individuals specified as having global personality disorder (GPD) and partial personality disorder (PPD), respectively. The sample is composed of a random sample of 56 male subjects referred to as forensic population, these being: 33 subjects identified as GPD and 23 subjects identified as PPD. All 56 subjects have been assessed on the light of clinical data, judicial records, the Rorschach Test and the PCL-R. This population was compared to 30 subjects referred to as non-criminal population, and who have also been assessed via the same instruments as the sample. The personality of both forensic population groups fulfills ICD-10 criteria for antisocial personality disorder, but differences in terms of their psychic dynamics and personality determinants can be clearly identified, which impacts upon their social behavior in different ways. The accurate identification of such subjects presents multiple implications to the forensic and penitentiary system, and may contribute to reduce recidivism rates as well as violence levels in the country. Validation of the instrument (PCL-R) and identification of the cut-off score for the psychopathic condition (GPD in our notation), for the sample drawn from the Brazilian forensic population has been conducted through the concurrent analysis of both instruments of assessment, resulting in a 23 cut-off score (CI = 21.61 to 24,05). The average value is 28,63 (CI= 26,78 to 30, 48). Sensitivity outcome is 84,8%. Specificity is 100%. The reliability rates found for both instruments were high (Kappa = 0.8735).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Wellausen, Rafael Stella. "Avaliação dos fatores associados ao uso de álcool e drogas na criminalidade : um estudo no sistema penitenciário." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/17846.

Full text

Abstract:

A presente Dissertação de Mestrado consiste de um capítulo introdutório na qual são apresentados os quatro eixos que formam a estrutura teórica de dois estudos empíricos apresentados em forma de artigos. Os estudos foram realizados no Presídio Central de Porto Alegre e contaram com uma amostra de 50 prisioneiros sem condenação prévia com idades entre 18 e 35 anos. No primeiro estudo foram utilizados dois instrumentos: O Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) e a Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Buscou-se verificar a qualidade dos vínculos afetivos entre os presidiários e seus pais, assim como avaliar os principais quadros psiquiátricos que acometem esta população. Para análise dos dados foram realizadas análises estatísticas com o Teste t e o Teste Qui-quadrado. Os resultados desse estudo revelaram a presença de diversos transtornos psiquiátricos e problemas no vínculos afetivos entre pais e filhos. Houve alta incidência de uso/dependência de drogas sendo a maconha e o crack as mais consumidas. Aqueles prisioneiros que apresentavam um Transtorno Antissocial de Personalidade (TASP) também apresentavam fracasso biparental. Independentemente do diagnóstico psiquiátrico os crimes mais freqüentes foram os contra o patrimônio. O segundo estudo procurou investigar a relação entre uso de álcool e drogas e comportamento sexual de risco para HIV/AIDS. Neste estudo o Addiction Severity Index (ASI6) foi o instrumento utilizado para avaliar gravidade de dependência e comportamento sexual. Os resultados indicaram que com o advento do crack houve uma redução no número de usuários de drogas injetáveis (UDI). Apesar disso, foi verificado que o risco para a contaminação com o vírus do HIV ainda é alto entre os prisioneiros. Duas são as possíveis razoes: um descuido geral em relação à saúde, e o sexo ter-se tornado uma moeda de troca por drogas. Ambos os estudos têm relevância uma vez que revelaram aspectos pouco conhecidos sobre a realidade daqueles que se encontram aprisionados.
The present Master's Dissertation consists of an introductory chapter in which four axes are presented. They constitute the theoretical structure involving two empirical studies presented in article format. The studies were carried out at the Presídio Central in Porto Alegre. The sample comprised 50 inmates, ranging from 18 to 35 years old. In the first study, two instruments were used: The Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). It attempted to verify the quality of affective bonds between the inmates and their parents as well as to assess the main psychiatric histories which affected this population. For the data statistical analysis, the t Test and the Chi-square Test were used. The results revealed the presence of several psychiatric disorders and problems involving the affective bonds between parents and their sons. There was a high incidence of the use/dependency of drugs, with marijuana and crack being the most used. Those inmates who presented Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD) also presented biparental failure. Independently from the psychiatric diagnosis, the most frequent crimes are the ones against the patrimony. The second study investigated the relation between the use of drugs and the risky sexual behavior for HIV/AIDS. In this study, the Addiction Severity index (ASI6) was the instrument used to assess the severity of dependency and sexual behavior. The results showed that, with the advent of crack, there was a decrease in the number of injecting drug users (IDU). Nevertheless, it was found that the risk for contamination with the HIV virus is still high among the inmates. There are two possible reasons for this to happen: a general disregard with health and the fact that sex became a certain kind of currency to be exchanged for drugs. Both studies are relevant since they demonstrate some unknown aspects about the reality of those inmates.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Hart, Stephen David. "Diagnosis of psychopathy in a forensic psychiatric population." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26835.

Full text

Abstract:

Both researchers and clinicians, especially those working in criminal populations, have long suggested that psychopathy (or antisocial personality disorder) and schizophrenia are associated on an etiological or on some other level (e.g., Eysenck and Eysenck, 1976, 1978). Others (Hare, 1984; Hare and Harpur, 1986; Raine, 1985) argue that psychopathy is not associated (or even negatively associated) with other psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. To evaluate these competing positions concerning the psychopathy-schizophrenia association, 80 male prisoners remanded to a forensic psychiatric institute for assessment of their fitness to stand trial were diagnosed using both the Psychopathy Checklist (PCL; Hare, 1980, 1985a) and DSM-III Axis I and II criteria. In addition, clinical global ratings and self-report inventories were used to measure the strength of psychopathy- and schizophrenia-related traits. The results indicated that: a) although diagnoses of psychopathy (according to PCL criteria) did not have perfect specificity with respect to schizophrenia-related clinical diagnoses, the overlap was small, and the PCL scales were either not associated or negatively associated with these disorders; b) diagnoses of antisocial personality disorder (APD, according to DSM-III criteria) were generally not associated with schizophrenia-related disorders, but had lower clinical specificity than did the PCL criteria with respect to both schizophrenia-related and other psychiatric disorders; c) there was no association between psychopathy- and schizophrenia-related clinical ratings; d) psychopathy and APD diagnoses and clinical ratings were not related to scores on other standard rating scales of the severity of psychiatric symptomatology; and e) there was no difference between schizophrenic and non-schizophrenic subjects in the strength of psychopathy-related traits, and no difference between psychopaths and nonpsychopaths (or APD versus non-APD subjects) in the strength of schizophrenia-related traits. As well, self-report measures related to psychopathy and schizophrenia did not correlate with each other, or with clinical ratings of the two disorders. The results are interpreted as supporting the view that psychopathy is not positively associated with schizophrenia or with psychiatric disorder in general. The practical utility of various techniques for assessing psychopathy in forensic psychiatric populations is also discussed.
Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Borzuk, Cristiane Souza. "O fortalecimento das explicações naturais para os fenômenos sociais ligados ao crime." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/47/47131/tde-20102014-124502/.

Full text

Abstract:

O propósito deste trabalho é investigar a natureza das pesquisas que tem como objeto o Transtorno de Personalidade Antissocial e o Comportamento Criminoso no Brasil. Partimos da hipótese de que nestas pesquisas há uma tendência a atribuir a fatores endógenos os motivos que fazem com que o crime seja cometido, excluindo a dimensão histórica. Centramo-nos na produção científica, pois entendemos que a ciência responde às necessidades objetivas de cada época e, sobretudo, pelo fato de que ela não é alheia aos processos postos em desenvolvimento pela totalidade social, sendo um elemento valioso para a compreensão da sociedade em que é produzida. Foram selecionados no Banco de Teses da CAPES os resumos de teses de doutorado e de dissertações de mestrado identificados a partir dos descritores Comportamento Criminoso, Transtorno de Personalidade Antissocial e Psicopatia. A amostra consistiu em 47 resumos, sendo nove teses de doutorado e 36 dissertações de mestrado. Destes 47 resumos, foram escolhidos dois para o estudo da pesquisa completa. O procedimento adotado foi a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicaram a existência de duas tendências importantes. A primeira, monadológica, demonstra que nestas pesquisas o crime e a criminalidade foram relacionados a fatores individuais. Implicada nesta tendência foi possível verificar que: a. o comportamento criminoso foi associado, frequentemente, a alterações anatômicas e/ou funcionais do cérebro; b. há uma tendência a associar o crime ao diagnóstico de Transtorno de Personalidade Antissocial; c. há o desenvolvimento e a validação de instrumentos voltados para a identificação de indivíduos supostamente predispostos a cometer crimes. A segunda tendência, menos expressiva numericamente, mas também importante, é a economicista. A centralidade destes trabalhos está na correlação entre problemas econômicos e o aumento ou diminuição nos índices de criminalidade. Nestes casos, a ênfase recai em aspectos microeconômicos, não havendo referência aos fatores estruturais do modo de produção. Também houve trabalhos que desenvolveram críticas vigorosas à tendência monadológica. Isto indica a existência de um potencial de resistência a ela. O referencial teórico-metodológico é a Teoria Crítica da Sociedade, particularmente os escritos de Theodor Adorno
Investigating the nature of researches that aims the Antisocial Personality Disorder and Criminal Behavior in Brazil is the scope of this study. We came from the hypothesis that there is a tendency in these studies which assign to endogenous factors the reasons for crimes to be committed, not including the historical dimension. We focused on scientific production because we understand that science responds to the objective needs of each epoch, and especially by the fact that it is not indifferent to the processes that are put into action by the social totality, being so a valuable element to understanding the society in which it is formed. PhD theses abstracts and MSc dissertations, identified from the descriptors Criminal Behavior, Antisocial Personality Disorder and Psychopathy were selected in the CAPES Bank of Theses. The sample consisted of 47 abstracts, nine PhD theses and 36 MSc dissertations. Out of these 47 abstracts we have selected two for the study of full research. The procedure adopted was content analysis. The results pointed to the existence of two important tendencies. The first one, monadological, shows in those researches that crime and criminality were related to individual factors. Implicated in this tendency, it was also observed that: a. criminal behavior has been often associated with anatomical and/or functional changes in the brain; b. there is a tendency to associate crime to the diagnosis of Antisocial Personality Disorder, c. there is the development and validation of instruments intended to identify individuals predisposed to supposedly commit crimes. The second tendency, less significant numerically, but also important, is the economistic. The centrality of these studies is in the correlation between economic problems and the increase or decrease in crime rates. In these cases, the emphasis is on microeconomic aspects, there is no reference to structural factors of the production mode. There have also been studies that developed vigorous criticism to the monadological tendency. It indicates the existence of a potential for resistance to it. The theoretical-methodological framework is the Critical Theory of Society, particularly the writings of Theodor Adorno

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Henley, Aimee Gillison. "Psychopathy and career interest in a noncriminal population." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3035949.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Antisocial personality disorder'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles