Relevant bibliographies by topics / Antiretroviral agents

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Antiretroviral agents'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Antiretroviral agents"

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Chaudry, Muddasar N., and David H. Shepp. "ANTIRETROVIRAL AGENTS." Dermatologic Clinics 15, no. 2 (April 1997): 319–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0733-8635(05)70440-x.

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Kraus, George A., Alex Melekhov, Susan Carpenter, Yvonne Wannemuhler, and Jacob Petrich. "Phenanthrenequinone antiretroviral agents." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 10, no. 1 (January 2000): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00589-2.

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Siegel, Lawrence, and Roy M. Gulick. "New antiretroviral agents." Current Infectious Disease Reports 9, no. 3 (April 27, 2007): 243–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11908-007-0038-8.

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Cambou, Mary C., and Raphael J. Landovitz. "Novel Antiretroviral Agents." Current HIV/AIDS Reports 17, no. 2 (February 12, 2020): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11904-020-00486-2.

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Harris, Marianne. "Raltegravir: Its use in the Treatment of HIV Infection." Clinical Medicine. Therapeutics 1 (January 2009): CMT.S32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cmt.s32.

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Raltegravir is the first integrase strand transfer inhibitor to be approved for the treatment of HIV infection. Administered orally in doses of 400 mg twice daily, it is well-tolerated and has minimal drug-drug interactions with coadministered antiretrovirals and other agents. In clinical trials including treatment-experienced and treatment-naïve HIV-infected adults, raltegravir in combination with other antiretroviral agents has demonstrated a rapid and potent virologic effect and a generally benign safety profile. Like other antiretrovirals, raltegravir should ideally be given with two additional agents to which the patient's virus is susceptible based on results of resistance testing. In this context, raltegravir offers a safe and effective option as a component of combination therapy in treatment-experienced patients who are infected with HIV-1 strains showing evidence of resistance to other antiretroviral agents. Pending the availability of longer-term efficacy and safety data, raltegravir cannot currently be recommended as part of first-line therapy for treatment-naïve patients.
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&NA;. "GUIDELINES FOR ANTIRETROVIRAL AGENTS." American Journal of Nursing 100, no. 5 (May 2000): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-200005000-00019.

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Collura, Jennifer M., and Donna M. Kraus. "New pediatric antiretroviral agents." Journal of Pediatric Health Care 14, no. 4 (July 2000): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mph.2000.107924.

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Owen, Andrew, and Saye H. Khoo. "Pharmacogenetics of antiretroviral agents." Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS 3, no. 3 (May 2008): 288–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/coh.0b013e3282f7cda4.

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COLLURA, J., and D. KRAUS. "New pediatric antiretroviral agents." Journal of Pediatric Health Care 14, no. 4 (July 2000): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0891-5245(00)27765-1.

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Struble, Kimberly A., R. Douglas Pratt, and Steven R. Gitterman. "Toxicity of antiretroviral agents." American Journal of Medicine 102, no. 5 (May 1997): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9343(97)00065-x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Antiretroviral agents"

1

陳惠結 and Wai-kit Chan. "The most effective method to improve antiretroviral drug adherence." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40720329.

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Chan, Wai-kit. "The most effective method to improve antiretroviral drug adherence." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40720329.

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Terblanche, Lauren Muriel. "The knowledge about HIV/AIDS and antiretroviral treatment of patients receiving antiretroviral therapy." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20131.

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Thesis (MCur)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Many HIV positive patients are on antiretroviral therapy (ART) to assist in decreasing the replication of the HIV virus within the body. Adherence to this medication is important, as non- adherence can have serious repercussions. Therefore, the patients’ knowledge of ART and their disease is crucial in ensuring good adherence. A range of barriers to patient education were suspected by the researcher in this community of Delft. The high influx of patients into the clinic everyday minimized consultation time and thereby diminished the opportunity for effective patient education. Consequently, adherence to medication which is closely related to the knowledge and understanding of patients about the disease may be affected. The following research question was therefore explored: What is the knowledge of infected HIV/AIDS patients who are receiving antiretroviral treatment about HIV/AIDS and ART? The objectives set were to evaluate the patient’s knowledge of HIV/AIDS, evaluate the knowledge of ART and to determine whether there are statistical differences between the dependant and independent variables within the study. A quantitative descriptive correlational research design was applied and a convenience sample of n= 200 (8.5%) patients was selected from a population of N= 2349 at the Delft Community Health Centre. A multiple choice questionnaire comprising of mainly closed ended questions with multiple responses was used in individual interviews conducted by either the researcher or fieldworker. Reliability and validity was ensured through the consultation of experts in the fields of research methodology, statistics, HIV/AIDS and the Health Research Ethics Committee of Stellenbosch University. Permission to conduct this study was granted by the Health Research Ethics Committee of Stellenbosch University, the Provincial Regional Head for Primary Health Care Services, as well as the head of the Delft Community Health Centre. Data revealed that the participants were mainly female (n=145/72.5%), and the mean age was 37.5 years. Participants were mostly Xhosa speaking and literate, and the majority (n=112/56%), of the participants had a highest education level between grade 9 and grade 12. Many (n=73/36.5%) of the participants had been living with HIV for more than 5 years, but had been on ART for between 1 to 3 years. Knowledge was assessed by asking questions about various aspects of HIV and ART throughout the study. Scores for the 14 critical questions revealed that (n=0/0%) of the participants had good knowledge, (n=40/20%) of the participants had average knowledge and (n=160/80%) of the participants had poor knowledge. The average score for all participants for all 20 knowledge testing questions was (12.6/63%). The findings showed that the overall knowledge (n=160/80%) is poor. Basic terms and principles of HIV/AIDS and ART were not understood and serious misconceptions regarding the disease were revealed.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Baie MIV positiewe pasiënte is op antiretrovirale terapie (ART) om te help met die vermindering van die replisering van die HIV virus in die liggaam. Gebruik van hierdie medikasie is belangrik omdat versuiming van inname ernstige gevolge kan hê. Dus, is die pasiënte se kennis van ART en hul siekte van deurslaggewende belang om volgehoue inname te verseker. ’n Reeks van hindernisse om pasiënte te onderrig, is deur die navorser in die Delftgemeenskap vermoed. Die hoë toestroming van pasiënte na die kliniek elke dag het die konsultasietyd tot die minimum beperk en daardeur die geleentheid vir effektiewe pasiëntonderrig laat verminder. Gevolglik, kan die nakoming om die medikasie te neem wat ’n noue verband toon met die kennis en begrip wat pasiënte het oor die siekte, geaffekteer word. Die volgende navorsingsvraag is gevolglik ondersoek: Wat is die kennis van geïnfekteerde HIV/VIGS pasiënte wat antiretrovirale behandeling ontvang oor HIV/VIGS en ART? Die doelwitte wat gestel is, is om die pasiënt se kennis van HIV/VIGS te evalueer, die kennis van ART te evalueer en te bepaal of daar ’n statistiese verwantskap tussen onafhanklike en afhanklike veranderlikes binne die studie is. ’n Kwantitatiewe beskrywende korrelerende navorsingsontwerp is toegepas en ’n gerieflikheidsmonster van n= 200 (8.5%) pasiënte is geselekteer uit ’n bevolking van N = 2349 by die Delftgemeenskap Gesondheidssentrum. ’n Veelkeusige vraelys wat hoofsaaklik uit geslote vrae met veelkeusige response bestaan het, is gebruik in individuele onderhoude wat deur of die navorser of veldwerker gevoer is. Betroubaarheid en geldigheid is verseker deur oorlegpleging met spesialiste op die gebied van navorsingsmetodologie, statistiek, HIV/VIGS en die Gesondheidsnavorsing se Etiese Komitee van die Universiteit van Stellenbosch. Toestemming om die navorsing te doen, is gegee deur die Gesondheidsnavorsing se Etiese Komitee van Stellenbosch Universiteit, die Provinsiale Streekshoof vir Primêre Gesondheidsdienste, asook die hoof van die Delftgemeenskap Gesondheidssentrum. Data het bewys dat die deelnemers hoofsaaklik vroulik is (n=145/72.5%) en die gemiddelde ouderdom 37.5 jaar. Deelnemers is meestal Xhosasprekend en geletterd en die meerderheid (n=112/56%) van die deelnemers se hoogste opleidingsvlak is tussen graad 9 en graad 12. Baie (n=73/36.5%) van die deelnemers het met HIV geleef vir 5 jaar, maar was op ART vir tussen 1 tot 3 jaar. Kennis is geassesseer deur vrae te stel oor verskeie aspekte van HIV en ART dwarsdeur die ondersoek. Puntetelling vir die 14 kritiese vrae het aan die lig gebring dat (n=0/0%) van die deelnemers goeie kennis het, (n=40/20%) van die deelnemers beskik oor gemiddelde kennis en (n=160/80%) van die deelnemers se kennis is gering. Die gemiddelde puntetelling vir al die deelnemers van al 20 kennisvrae wat getoets is, is (12.6/63%). Die bevindinge bewys dat die algehele kennis (n= 160/80%) gering is. Basiese terminologie en beginsels van HIV/VIGS en ART word nie begryp nie en ernstige wanopvattinge aangaande die siekte is geopenbaar.
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Maseko, Batlile Paulos. "Antiretroviral treatment programme outcomes scenarios in South Africa in the next two decades." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1094.

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Gaula, M. D. "Drug adverse effects in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy-a pharmacovigilence approach." Thesis, University of Limpopo ( Medunsa Campus), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/396.

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Thesis (M Med Pharmacy)--University of Limpopo, 2011
Most pharmaceutical agents can result in side effects and toxicities that in some instances may be life threatening, especially if there is delay in their recognition. For various reasons it is therefore imperative to study adverse events associated with antiretroviral agents (ARVs). The aim of this study was to study the adverse events in adult HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy at a public health treatment site, and to quantify the frequency of adverse events in different population subgroups. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in a sample of 99 patients (i.e. 70% females and 30% males) from a public health clinic providing antiretroviral drugs to more than 1500 patients. The reported adverse events were neurological disorders (33%), rash (17%), gastrointestinal toxicity (16%), lactic acidosis (14%), hepatitis (7%), lipodystrophy (7%), pancreatitis (5%), IRIS (3%), anaemia (1%), and gynaecomastia (1%). Based on the analysis of the presented data in this report, age, weight, gender, and pCD4 count are not the predictors for the development of lactic acidosis, pancreatitis, and peripheral neuropathy. The duration of treatment was found to be the predictor for the development of lactic acidosis, pancreatitis, and peripheral neuropathy in this study sample. More frequent and closer monitoring of the reported adverse events will be necessary for patients treated longer on ART. Information bias is possible as case data for all reported adverse effects were collected retrospectively from hand-written patient records which were not consistent and standardised.
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Srasuebkul, Preeyaporn Public Health &amp Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Evaluating monitoring strategies, short-term disease progression and rate of treatment change in HIV-infected patients commencing antiretroviral therapy in the Asia-Pacific region." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Public Health & Community Medicine, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41673.

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This thesis assesses factors associated with a number of short and long-term outcomes in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral treatment in Asia. Analyses in this thesis were based on two cohorts of HIV-infected patients; The Treat Asia HIV Observational Database (TAHOD), a multi-centre prospective observational cohort from countries in Asia-Pacific region, and the HIV Netherlands Australia Thailand (HIV-NAT) collaboration cohort, a cohort of patients treated with antiretroviral treatments at HIV-NAT in Bangkok, Thailand. We examined factors associated with time to immunological failure endpoints, such as CD4≤ 200 cells/??L, CD4≤ 100 cells/ ??L, and CD4 return to baseline, and with the virological failure endpoint, detectable viral load defined as a value greater than 500 copies/mL. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard models were used. Results showed that CD4 count at baseline and changes in CD4 strongly predicted immunological failure. For virological failure, detectable viral load at baseline was the strongest predictor. As a step to developing simplified monitoring strategies, in which patients with a low risk of failure could have their monitoring CD4 count and viral load tests deferred, we developed predictive models for each immunological and virological failure endpoint. Models were developed on the HIV-NAT cohort, and validated on the independent TAHOD cohort. For predictive models, the complementary log-log transformation for each endpoint was fitted appropriate to the interval censored nature of the data. To assess goodness-of-fit, cut-offs were defined for the predicted risks that separated patients from low risk to high risk. Overall, the observed versus expected failures from HIV-NAT data agreed quite well across all endpoints, probably reflecting that the HIV-NAT database was the data we built the models upon. Not only did these models fit the HIV-NAT database well, they also discriminated patients from low to high risk groups. When we validated models with TAHOD data, the observed and expected failures agreed well only in the model for CD4 count return to baseline. For most of the endpoints, the predictive models overestimated the number of failures, with predicted values larger than observed. However, the proportions of failures were lowest in the low risk group and highest in the high risk group, indicating that our models did discriminate between patients at high and low risk, and that the predictive models might still be of use for the purpose of simplified monitoring strategies. With CD4 count and viral load monitoring tests now comprising a large component of the cost of HIV treatment in resource limited settings, we developed and assessed a simplified monitoring strategy that aimed to reduce the numbers of monitoring tests performed. The predictive models developed earlier were used to calculate the probabilities of failure in TAHOD patients. We assumed that patients would have their CD4 and viral load assessments annually, at baseline and at one year, predicted risk of failure at ensuing clinical visits, week 12, 24 and 36. For patients at low predicted risk of failure at ensuing clinical visits, we assessed the effect of deferring monitoring tests, both in terms of blood tests avoided, and in terms of delaying detection of failure in some patients. A number of levels for the predicted risk of failure that lead to deferral of testing were evaluated. The results suggested that predicted probabilities of failure of 10% - 20% gave the best results across all failure endpoints. These cut-offs could save a median of 598 (51.6%) (range 37 (2.6%)_-1,218 (81.9%) ) blood tests over the first year of treatment, but would fail to detect 29 (18%) (range 10 (7.4%) - 128 (39.3%) ) failures. The median time from failure to detection in those patients who did fail and had deferred monitoring tests was 28 weeks. Rates of antiretroviral treatment change in TAHOD were examined. We identified patterns and factors associated with the rate of treatment change. Median time to the first treatment change was 3.2 years. Factors predicting rate of treatment change in TAHOD were treatment combination, being on second or third combination, number of drugs available in each site and being an injecting drug user. The overall rate of treatment change in TAHOD was 29 per 1OO-person-year. Around 30% of patients stopped their treatment due to adverse events. These rates of treatment change are lower than have been seen in patients in western countries. This may be due to patients in developing countries having access to fewer antiretroviral drugs than patients in developed countries.
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Nikisi, Joseph. "Access to antiretroviral treatment in the public sector, in Zambia /." Access to E-Thesis, 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04282009-163207/.

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Togami, Hiroaki. "Comprehensive in vitro susceptibility analysis of simian retrovirus type 4 to antiretroviral agents." Kyoto University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/179351.

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Casey, Ryan Edward. "Mouse strain-specific splicing of Apobec3." Digital WPI, 2006. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-theses/950.

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"Host resolution of viral infection is dependent upon components of the innate and acquired immune system. The mammalian protein Apobec3 plays an important role as part of the immune system’s innate defenses through its modification of reverse transcribed viral DNA. Recently, Apobec3 was found to directly inhibit HIV-1 and HBV replication through deaminating newly transcribed deoxycytidine residues to deoxyuridine. The ability of mouse and simian Apobec3 variants to inhibit human retroviruses and vice versa highlights the utility of analyzing cross-species homologues. To better understand this editing enzyme, differentially pathogen-susceptible inbred mice were used as an experimental model. The purpose of this project is to examine the effects of murine Apobec3 (muA3) alternative splicing on its DNA-editing characteristics. Three distinct Apobec3 isoforms were isolated from pathogen-susceptible BALB/cByJ (“C”) inbred mice, and two Apobec3 isoforms came from pathogen-resistant C57BL/6ByJ (“Y”) mice. The five muA3 isoforms were cloned, sequenced, and expressed from a constitutive promoter in a haploid Saccharomyces cerevisia strain. MuA3 DNA-editing activity was measured via the CAN1 forward mutation assay. The five isoforms studied in this project were discovered to be strain-specific. One isoform from each mouse strain mutated the yeast CAN1 locus significantly. Additionally, both muA3 isoform mRNAs derived from the pathogen-resistant Y mice were found to persist at a higher level (2.7 -12.4 fold) than any of the C mouse isoforms. This suggests that the absence of exon 5 or some other signal in the Y mice may influence transcript stability. Evidence also suggests that the murine Apobec3 start codon is actually 33bp upstream of its reference start, with implications for previous research performed using muA3. Sequencing analysis of genomic DNA revealed the presence of a 4bp insertion in a region of BALB/cByJ muA3 which may have disrupted an intronic splicing enhancer signal. Furthermore, a novel BALB/cByJ Apobec3 isoform was characterized. This is the first report of strain-specific processing with regard to muA3."
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Esposito, Francesca. "Impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on body composition and other anthropometric measures of HIV-infected women in a primary healthcare setting in KwaZulu-Natal : a pilot study." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1886.

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Books on the topic "Antiretroviral agents"

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Trust, Southern African AIDS, ed. Access to ART: Achieving comprehensive community preparedness for improved access to ART. Johannesburg: SAT Regional Office, 2007.

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Programmes, Namibia Ministry of Health and Social Services Directorate of Special. National guidelines for antiretroviral therapy. 3rd ed. Windhoek]: Ministry of Health and Social Services, Directorate of Special Programmes, 2010.

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Namibia. Ministry of Health and Social Services. Directorate of Special Programmes., ed. National guidelines for antiretroviral therapy. 2nd ed. Windhoek: Republic of Namibia, Ministry of Health and Social Services, Directorate of Special Programmes, 2007.

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(Malawi), TB/ARV Programme, ed. Increasing access to antiretroviral therapy in Malawi. [Malawi: s.n., 2001.

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G, Shekelle Paul, Southern California Evidence-Based Practice Center/RAND., and United States. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality., eds. Antiretroviral (ARV) drug resistance in the developing world. Rockville, Md: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2007.

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Steinberg, Jonny. AIDS and AIDS treatment in a rural Southern African setting. Pretoria: Institute for Security Studies, 2008.

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Mauchline, Kerry. Official government justifications and public ARV provision: A comparison of Brazil, Thailand and South Africa. Rondebosch: Centre for Social Science Research, 2008.

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Steinberg, Jonny. AIDS and AIDS treatment in a rural Southern African setting. Pretoria: Institute for Security Studies, 2008.

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Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Committee on Examining the Probable Consequences of Alternative Patterns of Widespread Antiretroviral Drug Use in Resource-Constrained Settings. Scaling up treatment for the global AIDS pandemic: Challenges and opportunities. Edited by Curran James W. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2005.

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Ndubani, P. Everyone now knows about ARVs: Findings from a pre and post intervention study of a fishing community in Kazungula District, Southern Province, Zambia. London, UK: Overseas Development Institute, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Antiretroviral agents"

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Larson, Kajal B., and Edward P. Acosta. "Pharmacodynamics of Antiretroviral Agents." In Methods in Pharmacology and Toxicology, 469–504. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3323-5_19.

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Fong, I. W. "New Antiretroviral Agents for HIV Infection." In New Antimicrobials: For the Present and the Future, 161–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26078-0_12.

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Wilby, Kyle John, Tony K. L. Kiang, and Mary H. H. Ensom. "Pharmacodynamic Interactions Between Antiretrovirals and Other Agents." In Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Drug Interactions Associated with Antiretroviral Drugs, 121–31. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2113-8_7.

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McIlleron, Helen, and Saye H. Khoo. "Chapter 19: Interactions between Antituberculosis and Antiretroviral Agents." In Antituberculosis Chemotherapy, 191–202. Basel: KARGER, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000324217.

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Meruelo, Daniel, Steven Degar, Nuria Amari, Yehuda Mazur, David Lavie, Brandi Levin, and Gad Lavie. "Mode of Action of Hypericin as an Antiretroviral Agent and Other Relevant Findings." In Natural Products as Antiviral Agents, 91–119. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3414-3_5.

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Kiang, Tony K. L., Kyle John Wilby, and Mary H. H. Ensom. "Clinical Drug-Drug Interaction Data: Effects of Antiretroviral Agents on Co-administered Drugs." In Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Drug Interactions Associated with Antiretroviral Drugs, 79–120. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2113-8_6.

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Kiang, Tony K. L., Kyle John Wilby, and Mary H. H. Ensom. "Clinical Drug-Drug Interaction Data: Effects of Co-administered Drugs on Pharmacokinetics of Antiretroviral Agents." In Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Drug Interactions Associated with Antiretroviral Drugs, 43–78. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2113-8_5.

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Kubin, Christine J., Barbara S. Taylor, and Scott M. Hammer. "Antiretroviral Agent." In Clinical Virology, 169–214. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555819439.ch11.

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Shirasaka, Takuma, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Hidetoshi Yoshioka, Eiji Kojima, Shizuko Aoki, Kunichika Murakami, and Hiroaki Mitsuya. "Lipophilic 6-Halo-2′,3′-Dideoxypurine Nucleosides: Potential Antiretroviral Agents Targeting HIV-Associated Neurologic Disorders." In Advances in Molecular Biology and Targeted Treatment for AIDS, 323–33. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5928-9_30.

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McConnell, Michelle S., and Paul Palumbo. "HIV-1 Resistance to Antiretroviral Agents: Relevance to Mothers and Infants in the Breastfeeding Setting." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 81–88. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2251-8_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Antiretroviral agents"

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Sidorova, A. P., and A. V. Bakunovich. "ANTIRETROVIRAL DRUGS AS POTENTIAL INHIBITORS OF SARS-COV-2 Mpro." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2022: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2022-2-31-34.

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Ritonavir, nelfinavir and lopinavir are a group of protease inhibitors. These inhibitors are widely used in combination with other protease inhibitors in the therapy and prevention of human immunodeficiency virus. Also, the combination of these inhibitors seems to be an effective therapeutic agent that can affect the main protease of Mpro coronavirus and, thus, provide long-term suppression of viral load in the disease of severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
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Hansen, Laura, Manu Platt, Roy L. Sutliff, and Rudolph L. Gleason. "The Mechanical and Structural Effects of HIV Proteins on Murine Carotid Arteries." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53693.

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Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is considered a global epidemic with over 65 million people worldwide infected with the HIV-1 virus, the causative agent [1]. The development of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has significantly increased the life expectancy of people infected with the virus by slowing the progression to the development of AIDS. However, the treatment has also led to the emergence of early onset cardiovascular complications including myocardial infarction [2] and atherosclerotic lesions [3], as well as subclinical markers of atherosclerosis including increased carotid artery intima-media thickness [4], increased arterial stiffness [5–6], and endothelial dysfunction [6]. It appears that HAART and HIV-1-infection are independent risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis in adults [7]; however, the mechanism of disease progression remains unclear. There is a pressing need to identify mechanisms of early on-set cardiovascular disease associated with HIV-1 infection and HAART and to identify therapeutic strategies to reduce cardiovascular disease in HIV patients. The overall goal of this study is to test the hypothesis that over-expression of HIV proteins will lead to alterations in the biomechanical properties of large arteries.
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Lin, John, Mason Farris, Lauren Robbins, Matthew Lee, Serratt Nong, and Yingguang Liu. "Abstract 1332: Antiretroviral agent inhibits proliferation and motility of BT-20 cells through inhibition of human endogenous retrovirus type K." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2021; April 10-15, 2021 and May 17-21, 2021; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-1332.

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