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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Antiquity'
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1
Naghizadeh, Zara. "The monstrous in antiquity." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.538761.
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Wildish, Mark. "Hieroglyphic semantics in Late Antiquity." Thesis, Durham University, 2012. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3922/.
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The primary aim of this thesis is the reconstruction of a development in the history of the philosophy of language, namely an understanding of hieroglyphic Egyptian as a language uniquely adapted to the purposes and concerns of late Platonist metaphysics. There are three main reasons for this particular focus. First, the primary interest of philological criticism has emphasized the apparent shortcomings of the classical hieroglyphic tradition in light of the success of the modern decipherment endeavour. Though the Greek authors recognize a number of philologically distinctive features, they are primarily interested in contrasting hieroglyphic and Greek semantics. The latter is capable of discursive elaboration of the sapiential content to which the former is non-discursively adapted. Second, the sole surviving, fully extant essay in the exegesis of Egyptian hieroglyphs, the Hieroglyphica of Horapollo can be situated within the broader philosophical project in which the Neoplatonic commentators were engaged. As such, it draws on elements of the distinct traditions of Greek reception of Egyptian wisdom, 4th/5th century pagan revivalism under Christian persecution, and late Platonist logico-metaphysical methodological principles. Third, the rationale for Neoplatonic use of allegorical interpretation as an exegetical tool is founded on the methodological principle of ‘analytic ascent’ from the phenomena depicted, through the concepts under which they fall, to their intelligible causes. These three stages in the ascent correspond to the three modes of expression of which, according to Greek exegetes, hieroglyphic Egyptian, as composites of material images and intelligible content, is capable. Horapollo’s Hieroglyphica, I argue, maintains a tripartite distinction between linguistic expressions, their meanings, and the objects or name-bearers which they depict and further aligns that distinction with three modes of hieroglyphic expression: representative, semantic, and symbolic. I conclude, therefore, that a procedure of analytic explanatory ascent from empirical observation through discursive reason to metaphysical or cosmological insights is employed in the exegesis of the sapiential content of the hieroglyphs of which it treats.
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Lavan, Luke. "Provincial capitals of late antiquity." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364407.
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Shams, Glorianne Pionati. "Some minor textiles in antiquity." Göteborg : P. Åström, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38912890q.
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Mendes, Natalie Grace. "African Saturn in Late Antiquity." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/26949.
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The cult of Saturn in North Africa is prominent example of syncretism between Roman and Punic religious traditions and of how provincial people represented their cultural identity during the Roman imperial period. Yet despite reaching an apparent zenith in popularity in the early 3rd century A.D., most scholars believe the cult suffered a rapid decline in the 4th century A.D. due to the increased popularity of Christianity. This thesis argues that the cult of Saturn survived both in ritual practice and as a symbol of African identity until the 6th century A.D.
African elites used the cult of Saturn to represent their vision of African identity under the Roman Empire. In the 3rd century A.D. elite Africans began to equate Saturn with the Syrian god Bel, and reclaim the Roman mythology associated with the Phoenician founder Belus. Elite Africans used Saturn to link themselves to a mythologised history of Phoenician scientific, and literary achievement. This strategy continued to be used by African Christians in Late Antiquity. In this period Saturn also came to represent the ambivalence many Africans felt towards the Punic and Numidian past. Saturn was an exiled king who was hidden in his own land, and a shadowy figure in the Roman pantheon. This duality was a useful way of describing both the marginal position of temples of Saturn in African townscapes, and of framing African elites’ relationship with the physical remains of the pre-Roman past.
Saturn continued to be a prominent symbol of African identity in late antiquity. The works of African Christian authors and on imperial legislation have unduly coloured how archaeologists interpret their evidence. This thesis re-examines the archaeological evidence for late antique ritual practice with a particular focus on small finds such as pots, bones, and coins. These domestic items were increasingly consumed by African peasants in late antiquity, and often appear in structured deposits as offerings in temples of Saturn. These inexpensive everyday objects became a means for non-elite Africans to appropriate temple spaces and connect with their pre-Roman past.
We can also see evidence of the cult’s significance in African Christian responses to the cult of Saturn. In criticising the cult, African Christians were forced to frame their own cultural identity in relation to it. This reflected a paradox common to many colonised societies, that provincial elites (including bishops) were forced to master Roman elite culture in order to rise through the ranks, but this alienated them from the Punic speaking and rural Africans they claimed to represent. The most effective Christian rhetors were aware of this irony and used it to expose the same contradictions inherent in the cult of Saturn and its elite leadership.
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Abdo, Amr. "Alexandria in antiquity: a topographical reconstruction." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670088.
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Una reconstrucció topogràfica d’Alexandria a l’antiguitat és un intent de trobar un camí en un laberint arqueològic d’evidències fragmentàries. A la llum de les recents troballes, per tant, es tracta d’un intent complementari a d’altres anteriors (Adriani 1934, 1966; Tkaczow 1993). L’estudi actual, té en compte els darrers dos segles de recerca sistemàtica sobre la topografia de l’antiga ciutat, que té com a objectiu: (i) un catàleg de jaciments arqueològics, des de l’Expedició francesa (1798-9) fins ara; (ii) inferir la planta urbana i el paisatge de la ciutat en la seva fundació (segle IV aC), i els subsegüents canvis que van tenir lloc fins a la conquesta àrab d’Egipte (VII dC). Per aquesta raó, s’adopta una aproximació holística a la reconstrucció topogràfica, a on la cultura material s’estudia conjuntament amb el registre històric (vol. I: text). Vol. II de la tesis (imatges; plantes d’AutoCAD) serveixen per mostrar els resultats.Una reconstrucción topográfica de Alejandría en la antigüedad es un intento de encontrar un camino en un laberinto arqueológico de evidencias fragmentarias (capít. II y III). A la luz de los recientes hallazgos, por lo tanto, se trata de un intento complementario a otros anteriores (Adriani 1934, 1966; Tkaczow 1993). El estudio actual, tiene en cuenta los últimos dos siglos de investigación sistemática sobre la topografía de la antigua ciudad, que tiene como objetivo: (i) un catálogo de yacimientos arqueológicos, desde la Expedición francesa (1798-9) hasta la actualidad; (ii) inferir la planta urbana y el paisaje de la ciudad en su fundación (siglo IV aC), y los subsiguientes cambios que tuvieron lugar hasta la conquista árabe de Egipto (VII dC). Por esta razón, se adopta una aproximación holística a la reconstrucción topográfica, donde la cultura material se estudia conjuntamente con el registro histórico (vol. I: texto). Vol. II de la tesis (imágenes; plantas de AutoCAD) sirven para mostrar los resultados.
A topographical reconstruction of Alexandria in antiquity is attempting to find a way through an archaeological labyrinth of fragmentary evidence. In the light of the recent discoveries, therefore, a new attempt becomes complementary to earlier ones (Adriani 1934, 1966; Tkaczow 1993). The current study, taking into account the last two centuries of systematic research into the topography of the ancient city, aims at: (i) cataloguing the archaeological sites, from the French Expedition (1798-99) to date; (ii) infer the urban plan and cityscape of the foundation (4th cent. BC), and the subsequent changes taking place to the Arab conquest of Egypt (7th cent. AD). To this end, a holistic approach to topographical reconstruction is adopted, where ‘material culture’ is studied in conjunction with the ‘historical record’ (vol. I: text). Vol. II of the thesis (plates; AutoCAD maps) serves to display the results.
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Gutteridge, Adam Fenton. "Time and culture in Late Antiquity." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251964.
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Zytka, Michal Jakub. "Baths and bathing in late Antiquity." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/53876/.
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This thesis examines the cultural, religious and therapeutic functions of Roman baths and bathing during Late Antiquity, as they are presented in a wide range of primary literary sources, and the way in which they are addressed in current research. The chronological scope of the work stretches from the late 3rd to the early 7th century. The geographical focus is on the Eastern part of the Roman Empire. The aim of the thesis is, primarily, to analyse aspects of bathing during this period that have not been previously addressed in detail (such as medicinal uses of bathing) and to examine the issues that have been discussed in the past but had not been answered unequivocally, or which have not been treated in an exhaustive manner – such as the matters of nudity and equality in a bath-house environment, or of Christian attitudes to bathing in this context. The thesis also considers what the knowledge of the subject topic contributes to our understanding of the period of Late Antiquity. The thesis examines the changes that occurred in the bathing culture during Late Antiquity and their causes, exploring in detail the impact of Christianity on bathing customs, and devotes special attention to how the perceptions of bathing were presented in the contemporary sources. This will be achieved by investigating passages from a wide range of texts mentioning baths and bathing and subsequently drawing conclusions based on the analysis of the primary sources.
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Leal, Beatrice. "Representations of architecture in late antiquity." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2016. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/60784/.
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Buildings and architectural metaphors occupy an important place in early Christian literature. Heaven was conceived of as a city, Christ is a cornerstone, apostles and prophets are foundations and pillars, the Virgin Mary is a gateway to salvation and believers are living stones. This dissertation studies the equally inventive range of visual architectural symbolism in the art of the late Roman Empire and its successor states. Taking examples from across the Mediterranean basin, from Rome to Syria, it investigates why buildings were so often chosen for illustration and how they functioned as images, often as active protagonists within compositions. Chapter one deals with late fourth-century funerary monuments; chapter two discusses the early fifth-century apse mosaics of Roman churches; chapter three covers the mosaic floors of Syrian and Jordanian churches from the fourth to seventh centuries, and chapter four moves between the Umayyad eastern Mediterranean and Carolingian and papal Rome, to discuss the renewed enthusiasm for architectural imagery in the eighth and early ninth centuries. Buildings embodied many positive qualities, such as stability, tradition, authority, civilisation and wealth, and the open-endedness of architectural iconography enabled viewers to read multiple meanings into one image. The flexibility of architectural symbolism, the role of depicted buildings as both agents and mediators, and their effectiveness as embodiments of material splendour all contributed to the impact of architectural imagery. This dissertation shows how images of buildings were inventively deployed, especially at times of heightened social competition, as powerful expressions of institutional and religious identity and personal status.
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Hawes, Greta Helen. "The rationalisation of myth in antiquity." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.547834.
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Stefanidou, Vera. "Pontus in antiquity : aspects of identity." Thesis, University of Kent, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252604.
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Lyon, Ashley Elizabeth. "An analysis of 'Selah' in antiquity." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8625/.
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A literary masterpiece, the Hebrew Psalter is considered one of the most complex books of the Hebrew Bible. In order to understand the whole, and its parts, interpretive clues fill the pages of this intriguing, and oftentimes obscure, book. Selah, an obscure term in the Psalter and Habakkuk, has commonly been the subject of discussion regarding its meaning and use. Many 19th century scholars have spent countless hours, and devoted many pages, to remove Selah from obscurity. Only now have we revealed a previously undiscovered clue in Selah’s use during the Second Temple period due to 20th century archaeological finds. The present work approaches each text with a “whole picture” perspective so as to examine each psalm and Selah occurrence in its immediate context. A journey through the ancient witnesses such as the Masoretic Text, Septuagint, and Dead Sea Scrolls (biblical and non-biblical) not only exposes common literary features, but a communal use of the term in worship.
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Harlow, Mary. "Images of motherhood in late antiquity." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/30817.
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This thesis examines the nature and role of motherhood as an institution in the later Roman Empire in the west. Using a series of interlinked discourses it builds a composite image of the social ideals and expectations of mothers during a time when Christians were re-examining the cultural assumptions that underpinned family and gender relationships. Using 'medical' writings to examine the origin of assumptions about the female body, it then considers how this information was reinterpreted by patristic writers to suit their new image of the ideal body, and particularly to explain the Virgin Birth.;The image of the Virgin Mary and the development of interest in her as Virgin Mother is considered within the parameters of the ascetic debate. The patristic writers developed a discourse that denigrated maternity in favour of virginity and thus displaced mothers from their traditional place of high status in Roman society. The relationship between discourse and reality is a central underlying theme of this thesis and is discussed in close detail in a chapter that examines the effect of this ascetic discourse on mothers using well known case studies. Finally, to balance the patristic and medical writings, the law codes of the period are examined for their effect on mothers both in terms of status and inheritance.;The growing acknowledgement of the mother-child bond is recognised and mothers acquire certain legal rights they had not previously held, particularly with regard to the disposition of their own property and in the guardianship of their children. So, while the patristic discourse may undermine the status of a mother, the law makers are according her more privileges than ever before. These diverse sources produce a set of images that reflect the various thinking of the late antique world on one of the most fundamental of institutions.
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Duperron, Guillaume. "Arles et Lyon, ports fluviaux de l'Empire romain : le commerce sur l'axe rhodanien du Ier s. av. J.-C. au VIIe s. ap. J.-C." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON30041.
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L'axe Rhône-Rhin est durant toute l'Antiquité le théâtre d'une intense activité commerciale, favorisée par une large utilisation des nombreux cours d'eau navigables qui irriguent ce vaste espace. La fondation, peu après le milieu du Ier s. av. J.-C., des colonies romaines d'Arles et de Lyon, aux deux extrémités du couloir rhodanien, constitue le prélude à la mise en place, à l'époque d'Auguste, d'un nouveau système économique, destiné en particulier à l'approvisionnement des armées stationnées sur le limes germanique, qui engendrera un accroissement considérable des trafics commerciaux. Par la suite, pendant plusieurs siècles, ces deux centres urbains portuaires polariseront les échanges à longue distance, comme le soulignent tout particulièrement les données épigraphiques. Plus récemment, le développement de la céramologie a permis une approche complémentaire du commerce, basée sur l'étude de ses vestiges matériels. Cette discipline offre en effet la possibilité d'appréhender la nature des produits échangés, leurs provenances et leurs proportions relatives, ainsi que de préciser les évolutions de ces différentes caractéristiques au cours du temps.A Lyon, les trois dernières décennies ont été marquées par un important essor des recherches archéologiques, grâce auxquelles une abondante documentation céramologique sur l'ensemble de l'époque romaine est désormais disponible. D'autre part, à Arles, plusieurs fouilles majeures ont livré ces dernières années de très riches niveaux de dépotoirs portuaires et urbains dont l'étude, conduite dans le cadre de cette thèse, complète considérablement les connaissances sur le faciès matériel arlésien. En outre, la récente découverte, au large des Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer, de l'un des avant-ports de la ville nous a offert une intéressante documentation complémentaire.Sur la base des données matérielles provenant des deux grands ports d'Arles et de Lyon, complétées de manière ponctuelle par celles de plusieurs autres sites de la vallée du Rhône, il a été possible de dresser une vaste synthèse diachronique du commerce rhodanien, prenant en compte aussi bien les produits transportés en amphores que les vaisselles céramiques. Ce large bilan des connaissances permet ainsi de suivre les évolutions des échanges commerciaux sur cet axe entre le Ier s. av. J.-C. et le VIIe s. ap. J.-C., mais aussi d'identifier plusieurs lacunes persistantes et de proposer un certain nombre de pistes de recherchesThe Rhône-Rhin axis is during the antiquity the theatre of an intense commercial activity, facilitated by a large use of many navigable waterways which that irrigate this vast space. The foundation, shortly after the middle of the 1st c. BC, of the roman colonies of Arles and Lyon, at the both extremities of the Rhone valley, is the prelude to the establishment, at the time of Augustus, of a new economic system, destined to the supply of the armies based at the Germanic limes, which will lead a considerable increase of the commercial traffics. In the following time, during several centuries, these both port urban centers will polarize the long-distance exchanges, as shown particularly by the epigraphic data. More recently, the development of ceramology has allowed a complementary approach to the trade, based on the study of his material remains. This discipline offers the possibility to assess the nature of the exchanged products, their provenances and their relative proportions, just as to clarify the evolutions of these different characteristics in time.In Lyon, the last three decades have been marked by a considerable expansion of the archeological researches, thanks to which an extensive ceramological documentation on the whole roman period is now available. On the other side, in Arles, several important excavations have given these last years some very rich levels of harbor and urban rubbish dumps of which study, conducted within the framework of this thesis, complete considerably the knowledge on the arlesian material features. Moreover, the recent discovery, off the coast of the Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer, of one of the outer harbour of the city offers an interesting complementary documentation.On the basis of the material data from both big ports of Arles and Lyon, punctually completed by which of them of the others sites of the Rhône valley, it has been possible to make a vast diachronic synthesis on the rhodanian trade, taking into account as well the products transported in amphorae as the ceramic dishes. This large knowledge assessment allows following the developments of the trade on this axis between the 1st century BC and the 7th century AD, but also to identify several persistent gaps and to suggest some research leads
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Ogata, Kiwako. "Elephant in Antiquity and the Middle Ages." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/257007.
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The aim of this study is to describe the evolution of knowledge and representation of an animal – elephant – from Antiquity to the Middle Ages up to the 13th century in the West and to demonstrate continuity and changes, from one civilization to another, especially in its visual representations. We tried to introduce the fruits of contemporary study of philosophical and ethical thought on the animal and its relationship with man, represented especially by Jacques Derrida and Giorgio Agamben. The study therefore, discusses not only the relationship between man and the elephant, but also includes a consideration of the attitude of man toward the animal in general, a theme discussed already by Philon and Plutarch. The study takes a similar approach with the study on the monster which became more popular after the 1980s. Study of the monster raises questions on the relationship between "ourselves" and "the others" and on the boundary between them. The relation between "us human beings" and "monsters" can be projected on the relation between "us human beings" and "the animals except men". In Judaism and Christianity, man is created in the image of God and placed at the pinnacle of the hierarchy of the creatures. He is allowed by God to exercise dominion over other animals (and to eat them). Domination of other peoples (including monstrous races) is justified by the idea that other peoples lack reason just as animals lack it. Because of its huge size, peculiar appearance, and remarkable intelligence, the elephant is one of the most surprising pieces of the evidence of God's marvellous Creation. That is why scenes of the "creation of the animals", "Adam naming animals" and Noah's Ark often included the elephant. In particular, the elephant's trunk was praised as a mystery of creation from the time of Aristotle and Pliny. However, the elephant was often considered half animal, half monster, and in consequence "other" par excellence. It is illustrated on the Souvigny Pillar with monsters and monstrous races. Therefore, the elephant was used sometimes as a symbol of "appropriation" of other peoples and their culture by Europeans, as in portraits of Alexander the Great and the Diadokoi wearing exuviae elephantis, head dresses made from elephant's scalp. To analyse visual images, we took into consideration various factors that form an image, such as artists' scientific knowledge of the animal, influence from the words (written or pronounced), use of model books, transmission of iconography among itinerant artists and ateliers, and the imagination of artists and programme makers who tend to fill any lack of information by knowledge of other animals, etc. Minute observation on some details of the visual representation of the elephant helped to reveal some aspects of the inter-relationship of various factors, especially between text and image.Ce travail cherche à suivre le fil de l'évolution des connaissances sur un animal- l'éléphant- et sa représentation de l'Antiquité au Moyen Age dans l'Occident pour en éclaircir les continuités et changements notables. Nous avons cherché à situer nos recherches sur l'iconographie concernant l'éléphant dans le courant contemporain de pensée philosophique et éthique sur les animaux, représentée par Jacques Derrida et Giorgio Agamben notamment. C'est pourquoi les considérations sur l'attitude de l'homme contre l'animal en général, à partir de Philon et Plutarque occupe une partie assez importante de notre thèse. Nous avons adopté une approche similaire à l'étude sur le monstre qui a connu un développement remarquable surtout après les années 80. Les études sur les monstres adressent des questions concernant les rapports entre "soi " et "les autres" et les limites entre eux. Les rapports entre "nous" et "les monstres" sont une projection des rapports entre le "nous homme" et les "autres animaux excepté l'homme". L'homme est créé à la ressemblance de Dieu dans le Judaïsme et le Christianisme. Mettre sous la domination les autres peuples, dont aussi les peuples monstrueux se justifie par leur identification aux animaux dépourvus de raison. L'éléphant constitue une évidence de la grande variété de l'œuvre créatrice de Dieu par excellence, mais dans le même temps il a été considéré mi animal mi monstre à cause de sa dimension et de sa forme particulière. Il a été connu presque toujours comme africain ou indien et donc "étranger", et en conséquence "autre". La représentation visuelle de l'éléphant est donc utilisée quelquefois comme symbole d'appropriation d'un autre peuple et de sa culture par les Européens. Notre travail reconnait que les représentations visuelles de l'éléphant n’oscillent pas seulement entre les deux pôles de " réel" et "non réel", mais qu'elles consistent plutôt en divers éléments. Ces éléments sont: la connaissance scientifique sur l'animal, l'influence directe des mots (écrits et émis par la voix), l'usage de modèles visuels (carnet des modèles), la transmission par les artistes itinérants, l'action de l'imagination de l'artiste ou du programmateur iconographique qui essaie de combler l'information manquante par la connaissance sur d'autres animaux, etc. On ne connait pas bien les rapports entre celui qui a commandé l'objet d'art ou l’édifice, l'auteur du programme iconographique et l'artiste ou constructeur au Moyen Age, et vérifier les relations entre ces éléments n'est pas facile, mais l'observation de certains détails a permis d'en mettre au clair quelques éléments.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Feola, Vittoria. "Elias Ashmole and the uses of antiquity." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421547.
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Marshall, Richard M. A. "The reception of Varro in Late Antiquity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.665297.
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This thesis studies the reception and transmission of Varro in authors dating from the second century onwards, examining the consequences of Varro's fragmentary survival for our understanding of his works and of the authors in which Varronian material is found. Chapter 1 investigates the influence exercised by Varro's Suetonian biography on our understanding of Varro's oeuvre. Certain misleading testimonia to Varro are shown to depend on judgements recycled from Suetonius rather than attest genuine reactions to Varro's own works. Chapter 2 examines the transmission of Varro's Antiquitatum libri, using novel methodologies based on careful examination of quoting authors' referential formulae to uncover changes in the paratext of Varro' s treatise. Such changes presuppose an evolution in the way the text was conceptualised and read, and demonstrate that our modem editions' presentation of Varro' s fragments fundamentally misrepresents the original work. Chapter 3 takes a diachronic approach to the study of the reception of Varro' s Menippean Satires, chiefly in the archaists and grammarians, and provides a comparative study of Non ius Marcellus and Saint Augustine's knowledge of Varro. Besides Nonius, evidence of direct engagement with the Menippeans is found to be confined to the Severan period and does not antedate Gellius. One of the tangential findings of this study is that the majority of Varronian fragments transmitted by the grammarians are ultimately owed to Pliny's Dubius sermo, and that none of the material in the Vergilian commentary tradition or Corpus grammaticorum Latinorum can be shown to result from direct reading in Varro by the quoting author. Chapter 4 studies material cited from and attributed to Varro's Antiquitatum libri in Aulus Gellius, demonstrating that a range of sources, both Varronian and non-Varronian, contribute to his Varroniana, despite his access to some portions of the original work. His knowledge of Varro is shown to be more restricted than is generally supposed. The conclusion contextualises the above findings in terms of a larger projected study that will utilise the discoveries of this thesis in a wider investigation of the reception and transmission of Varro in Christian authors.
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Goddard, Stephen Howard. "Flaubert and the literature of classical antiquity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b536dbbe-2f2e-46fc-ae50-bab411ca93d4.
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It has long been recognized that Flaubert took a great deal of interest in the literature of classical antiquity. Contemporaries such as Gautier and Maupassant considered him widely-read; a significant minority of his works - La Tentation de saint Antoine, Salammbô and Hérodias- are set roughly during the classical period; and a number of critics have investigated specific aspects of his debt to antiquity. Generally critics have concentrated on Flaubert's documentary use of the literature of antiquity in the works mentioned above (this is Benedetto's and Seznec's approach) or on the incorporation of mythical imagery and symbolism into his work (this is Lowe's approach in Towards the real Flaubert). A few articles have dealt with specific classical works to which Flaubert may be indebted artistically, but there has been to my knowledge no attempt to define the overall effect upon Flaubert's work, in terms of textual influence or more broadly, of his interest in antiquity. I have attempted in this study to evaluate the impact of the literature of classical antiquity upon Flaubert's entire œuvre. I first attempt to define, mainly by reference to the Correspondance, the extent of his knowledge of classical literature. I then consider his works - juvenilia and adult material - in approximately chronological order in the light of the writers he knew and admired, with a view to suggesting ways in which classical texts may have influenced them; textual influence is investigated closely, but attention is also paid to the use of classical themes, imagery and symbolism. Works with a modern setting are considered as well as those of a more obviously classical pedigree. Having identified a range of authors as being of importance - including Homer, Virgil, Ovid and Apuleius - I conclude by considering more broadly Flaubert's position relative to that of his contemporaries and the overall implications of my findings for the understanding of his work.
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Bederman, David Jeremy. "The idea of international law in antiquity." Thesis, University of London, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244130.
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Papadopoulos, Ioannis. "The idea of Rome in late antiquity." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/22548/.
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The aim of this research is to approach and analyse the manifestation and evolution of the idea of Rome as an expression of Roman patriotism and as an (urban) archetype of utopia in late Roman thought in a period extending from AD 357 to 417. Within this period of about a human lifetime, the concept of Rome and Romanitas was reshaped and used for various ideological causes. This research is unfolding through a selection of sources that represent the patterns and diversity of this ideological process. The theme of Rome as a personified and anthropomorphic figure and as an epitomized notion 'applied' on the urban landscape of the city would become part of the identity of the Romans of Rome highlighting a sense of cultural uniqueness in comparison to the inhabitants of other cities. Towards the end of the chronological limits set in this thesis various versions of Romanitas would emerge indicating new physical and spiritual potentials.
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Tohme, Lara G. "Out of antiquity : Umayyad baths in context." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33740.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2005."September 2005."
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 197-223).
This dissertation explores the relationship between the art and architecture of the early Islamic period to those of pre-Islamic Bilad al-Sham (the region encompassing the modem-day countries of Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine and Israel), and focuses on the Umayyad bathhouse as a paradigm through which this relationship is articulated. The visual culture of the Umayyad dynasty (661-750CE) is of extreme importance, not only because it constitutes the foundation of Islamic art and architecture, but more importantly because it serves as the main link in the chain of cultural transmission from the Greco- Roman and Byzantine worlds to the Medieval Islamic world. The first section of this dissertation explores the ways in which this relationship has been studied as well as the nature of the primary sources, and suggests a new method of how best to study and understand Umayyad art and architecture and their relationship to precedent and contemporaneous cultures. The second section examines the cultural, architectural and political changes in Bilad al-Sham between the fourth and eighth centuries CE, and how the events of these four centuries shaped the art, architecture and culture of the Umayyads.
(cont.) The third and fourth sections concentrate on transformation of the shape and function of the bathhouse in late antiquity, and how the bathhouse was adapted to fit the needs of both pre-Islamic and Islamic late antique cultures in this region. This study concludes by suggesting that Umayyad architecture and culture can best be understood only when interpreted as part of the rich regional and cultural milieu of late antique Bilad al-Sham.
by Lara G. Tohme.
Ph.D.
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Froelich, Jakob. "Classical Perspectives at the End of Antiquity." Thesis, Boston College, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107418.
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Thesis advisor: Mark ThatcherRome changed throughout its history and the city that existed during the fourth century CE was different from the city that Virgil and Cicero lived in and described in their writings. The Roman state and society changed during the intervening four centuries as Rome ceased to be politically significant, elite behavior became increasingly disconnected from any role in governance, and the traditional religious cults were neglected as Christianity gained prominence. Despite these changes, Roman tradition dictated an idealization of ancestral custom, which was preserved in the corpus of extant literature. I argue that among the elites of fourth century society, there were individuals such as Ammianus Marcellinus or Symmachus who interpreted and responded to their society through the filter of these fossilized images of an idealized Rome. Although they lived in largely post-classical time, their writings express a worldview that is congruent with the late Republic and early Principate
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2017
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Leonard, Miriam Anna. "Appropriations of antiquity in contemporary French thought." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620479.
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Martin, Maria A. "Underestimated Influences: North Africa in Classical Antiquity." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1301936096.
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Ackerman, Amanda K. "Victor Burgin's "Gradiva": Feminism, Antiquity, and Conceptualism." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1470672257.
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Jordan, Jason M. "Causal Skepticism and the Destruction of Antiquity." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12117.
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ix, 325 p.This dissertation examines the development of skeptical views concerning causation from the medieval to the early modern period. While causal skepticism is often overlooked by intellectual historians, I argue that, in spite of its typical motivation as a religious response to shibboleths of ancient philosophy that stood askance from the dogmas of Abrahamic theology, causal skepticism was the greatest intellectual development of post-antiquity and ultimately culminated into modern Science. The first chapter examines Hume's famous analysis of causation and serves as a foil for the prior history of causal skepticism addressed in the subsequent chapters. The second chapter addresses the dispute over causation in medieval Islamic philosophy. I argue that virtually the entirety of Hume's analysis was anticipated, and in some cases superseded, by al-Ghazali in the eleventh century. The third chapter examines Averroes' critique of al-Ghazali, as well as the development of Aristotelian causal metaphysics in the Christian West. The fourth chapter concerns the development of the nominalist tradition skeptical attitude towards efficient causal explanation in the aftermath of the anti-Aristotelian condemnations of 1277. The fifth chapter addresses the Cartesian occasionalist tradition and its skeptical stance on secondary causation and the relation between this causal skepticism and central doctrines of Cartesian physics and metaphysics. The sixth and final chapter of my dissertation concerns the collapse of occasionalism and its many offspring. My ultimate thesis is that the hallmarks of both modern philosophy and modern science trace their origin to the failure of occasionalism to resolve its own internal contradictions.
Committee in charge: Dr. Naomi Zack, Chairperson; Dr. Cheney Ryan, Member; Dr. Colin Koopman, Member; Dr. Malcolm Wilson, Outside Member
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Mahieu, Vincent. "Temps, espace et identités : recherches sur les coexistences religieuses dans la Rome tardo-antique (312-410)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEP029.
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Le IVe siècle de notre ère représente indéniablement un tournant majeur dans l’histoire de l’Europe occidentale. Le passage du christianisme du statut de culture marginale d’une communauté religieuse à celui de pôle culturel et normatif à l’échelle d’une société constitue une transition caractéristique de l’Antiquité tardive, qui s’est d’abord opérée sur le terrain des systèmes sociaux de référence que sont le temps et l’espace – lieux d’expression identitaire. La richesse documentaire de l’"Vrbs" ajoutée à sa position de capitale historique et de cité de première importance pour le christianisme en font un cadre d’étude singulier. Cette enquête sur le partage du temps et de l’espace, entre la victoire du Pont Milvius (312) et le sac d’Alaric (410), propose une reconstruction des temps de la cité et une exploration des mécanismes de développement de l’organisation calendaire de l’Église et d’insertion au sein de la trame temporelle urbaine (partie 1). Sur la base d’un catalogue qui actualise le "LTVR(S)", elle reconstitue la topographie polythéiste et examine l’inscription de l’ancrage matériel du culte chrétien au sein du territoire romain (partie 2). Au travers de ces analyses transversales et d’études de cas (partie 3), elle tente aussi de comprendre des modes d’interaction, de coexistence religieuse au sein d’une société. La recherche replace le curseur sur la continuité plutôt que la rupture. Elle révèle un modèle prioritairement intégratif et une stratégie de conformité aux dynamiques romaines dans le partage du temps et de l’espace. Elle argumente sur une cohabitation religieuse globalement pacifique portée par un investissement identitaire commun focalisé sur la "Romanitas"The fourth century AD is admittedly a major turning point in the history of Western Europe. The evolution of Christianity from the status of a marginal culture within a religious group to that of a cultural and normative pole within society constitutes an important transition specific to Late Antiquity. This transition from margin to norm started from the social frameworks of time and space, acting as strong identity markers. The great amount of evidence from the "Vrbs", its position as historical capital, as its recognized status as important city for the development of Christianity, make it a specific research framework. This study, which focuses on the sharing of time and space between the victory of the Milvius Bridge (312) and the sack of Alaric (410), reconstructs the organization of the times in the city and explores the mechanisms behind the development of the calendar structure of the Church within this urban space (part 1). On the basis of a catalogue that brings up to date the "LTVR(S)", this study rebuilds the polytheistic topography and scrutinizes the material inscription of the Christian cult on the Roman territory (part 2). On the basis of these cross-sectional analyses and case studies (part 3), it also attempts at understanding the modes of religious co-existence and interaction within a society. The results point towards a sense of continuity rather than breaking. This dissertation reveals a model that favours integration and conformation strategies to the Roman dynamics in the sharing of time and space. It argues in favour of a religious cohabitation mostly peaceful led by a common identity investment focused on the "Romanitas"
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Walsh, Catherine H. "Walter Crane in Greece antiquity through socialist eyes /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file 0.44 Mb., 50 p, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1435832.
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Hamilton, Jane Elizabeth Hope. "Gian Paolo Panini : antiquity, illusion and the imagination." Thesis, Courtauld Institute of Art (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440534.
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Squire, Michael James. "Visual and verbal interactions in Graeco-Roman antiquity." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612833.
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DiFuria, Arthur J. "Heemskerck's Rome antiquity, memory, and the Berlin sketchbooks /." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 308 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1654490551&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Muehlberger, Ellen. "Angels in the religious imagination of late antiquity." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3315920.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Religious Studies, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on May 7, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-07, Section: A, page: 2744. Adviser: David Brakke.
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Williams, Craig Arthur. "Roman homosexuality : ideologies of masculinity in classical antiquity /." New York ; Oxford : Oxford university press, 1999. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37557518c.
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Lebret, Jean-Baptiste. "Les réseaux d’évacuation des eaux antiques en milieu urbain dans la province de Gaule Narbonnaise." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30066.
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Contrairement au réseau d'alimentation romain, dont les structures tant monumentales que modestes ont fait l'objet de nombreux travaux, le réseau d'évacuation est souvent délaissé. Et lorsqu'elle est faite, son étude se cantonne en général à une description succincte de certaines des installations.De nombreuses questions demeuraient ainsi sans réponse : existe-t-il différents statuts entre les égouts, sont-ils présents dans la totalité des agglomérations romaines, comment s'organisent-ils, sont-ils efficaces, quelles formes peuvent-t-ils adopter et quels liens entretiennent-ils avec le reste des aménagements urbains romains ?...La présente étude s'est donnée pour ambition de répondre à la majorité de ces interrogations. Pour cela, l'analyse minutieuse du réseau d'évacuation d'une trentaine de quartiers antiques répartis dans six agglomérations de Gaule Narbonnaise (Fréjus, Glanum, Narbonne, Nîmes, Orange, Saint-Romain-en-Gal) a été réalisée. Afin de mieux comprendre certaines des installations mal conservées de Gaule Narbonnaise, nous les avons confrontées avec celles observées dans les villes d'Ostie et Pompéi en Italie, qui ont fait l'objet de fouilles complètes et dont les vestiges présentent un état de conservation remarquable.Les techniques utilisées dans la mise en place du réseau d'évacuation ont ainsi pu être mises au jour et leur efficacité commencée à être mesurée.Cependant, pour comprendre ce qui régissait l'installation, l'entretien et l'utilisation des structures évacuatrices, pour les replacer dans le quotidien des romains, y compris du point de vue purement subjectif de la vision que ces derniers en avaient, il a été nécessaire de confronter aux données archéologiques recueillies, les sources historiques qui abordent, d'une manière ou d'une autre, ces installations méconnuesWhile the Roman water supply network’s gigantic and modest structures have often been the focus of many studies, the sewer drainage system is often overlooked. Its study is usually limited to a brief description of certain parts of the system.Therefore many questions remained unanswered. What is the legal status governing the sewers? Are they widespread throughout Roman settlements? How are they organized? Are they efficient? How are they structured and how are they linked to other Roman urban infrastructures?This study aims to answer most of these questions. In order to achieve this, a detailed analysis of about thirty ancient neighborhoods in six settlements of Gaul of Narbonne (Fréjus, Glanum, Narbonne, Nîmes, Orange, Saint-Romain-en-Gal) was conducted. In order to better understand certain sewer systems that were badly preserved in the Gaul of Narbonne, we have compared them to the ones in Ostie and Pompeii in Italy which have been fully excavated and whose vestiges have been remarkably preserved.As a result, the techniques used in constructing the sewer systems have been brought to light and the effectiveness of the sewer system as a whole can start to be evaluated.It was necessary to compare the historical sources to the collected archaeological data addressing these rather unknown systems to better understand how the sewer system was run, the maintenance and usage of drainage infrastructures, the contextualization of the sewers in Roman daily life as envisioned by the Romans from their subjective point of view
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Piraud-Fournet, Pauline. "Le « Palais de Trajan » dans le paysage de Bosra au VIe siècle apr. J.-C." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040151.
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Appliqués au « Palais de Trajan » (Bosra, Syrie du Sud), les moyens de l’architecture comparée et de l’archéologie sont mis en œuvre pour restituer dans ses formes et son emploi cette vaste résidence urbaine de l’Antiquité Tardive. Les relevés précisent les procédés constructifs et constatent leur variété, les fouilles mettent au jour des thermes privés, équipement luxueux, le matériel exhumé permet de dater la construction des bâtiments et apporte des indications sur le décor disparu, le mode de vie ou la personnalité de ses habitants. Comparer cette architecture avec celle de la région basaltique et d’autres grandes villes de l’Empire aide à interpréter les vestiges et à restituer, au moins hypothétiquement et à l’aide d’une maquette numérique, les parties abolies. Sa taille et le raffinement de ses bâtiments, la présence d’une salle triconque et de bains privés, des couvertures en coupole nécessairement restituées, autorisent à promouvoir l’édifice en résidence officielle. L’inventaire des monuments fréquentés et édifiés alors, édifices publics, éléments urbains, sanctuaires, et l’analyse de leur position dans la ville participent à définir le rang de ce palais et à identifier ses occupants. C’est finalement sa proximité avec la plus grande église de Bosra, plus qu’une mise en parallèle avec les quelques groupes épiscopaux contemporains avérés, qui, l’affectant éventuellement au patrimoine de l’Église, soutient l’hypothèse d’y voir le palais de fonction du métropolite. En outre, cette revue du paysage de Bosra au VIe siècle met en lumière la diversité des monuments, celle des sources disponibles pour les approcher et ouvre des perspectives pour les recherches futuresThe disciplines of comparative architecture and archaeology are combined in this study of the “Trajan’s Palace”, vast urban residence from the Late Antique Period in Bosra, southern Syria. The surveys detail the variety of the construction processes, the excavations highlight the luxuriousness of the private thermal baths, while the small finds not only provide positive dates for the various construction phases, but also evidence of decorative features no longer extant, together with the personality and lifestyle of the occupants. A comparison of the architecture with that of other edifices from the basalt region and other major cities throughout the Roman Empire supports an interpretation of the remains and, with the assistance of a digital model, the reconstruction, at least hypothetically, of the missing sections. The size and refinement of constructions, the presence of a triconchos and private bath, together with restored domes, endorse the identification of the building as an official residence. An inventory of other monuments in use or constructed at that time, public buildings, urban elements, and sanctuaries, and an analysis of its position in the city help to specify the rank of this palace and to identify its occupants. Finally, itsproximity to the largest church in Bosra, rather than a comparison with other known contemporary episcopal complexes, possibly assigning it to the Church’s heritage, sustains the hypothesis that it was the official palace of the metropolitan see. This review of the Bosra landscape highlights the diversity of the monuments and the variety of sources available to study them, while opening prospects for future investigation and study
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Conduché, Cécile. "Les exemples grecs des Institutions grammaticales, héritages et doctrines." Phd thesis, Université Charles de Gaulle - Lille III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00858001.
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Le corpus de cette thèse est fourni par les exemples en langue grecque de la grande grammaire de Priscien, ouvrage rédigé dans le premier tiers du VIe siècle à Constantinople. La première partie est une longue introduction, qui présente un historique des recherches et évalue la fiabilité de l'édition de référence établie par Martin Hertz en 1855-1859. Un retour à la tradition manuscrite permet de proposer des amendements au texte grec. La deuxième partie présente une typologie de l'utilisation du grec dans la grammaire, à l'exclusion du vocabulaire technique. Ainsi, le recours au grec de Priscien est mis en relation avec la pratique des autres grammairiens latins de l'Antiquité tardive. Elle permet de relativiser l'idée d'une fonction purement heuristique du grec, éclaircissement du latin. La troisième partie consiste en une étude des sources grecques des exemples de Priscien, qu'elles soient nommées comme Apollonios Dyscole ou Hérodien, ou implicites comme la métrique ou les dialectologues. Priscien apparaît très proche, dans son maniement de la littérature technique d'époque romaine, de ses successeurs grammairiens d'époque byzantine. La quatrième et dernière partie se concentre sur la théorie et la pratique comparatistes de Priscien, en particulier dans son étude syntaxique. On y avance l'hypothèse que la recherche d'une correspondance entre faits de langue grecs et latins conduit à transférer des notions et des règles grammaticales du latin vers le grec. Le développement est complété par deux annexes : comparaison du texte des citations grecques de Priscien avec la tradition directe, accords entre les analyses de Priscien et celles des grammairiens grecs.
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Carrier, Caroline. "Cnossos de l’époque classique à l’époque impériale (Ve siècle avant J.-C.-Ier siècle après J.-C.) : étude de numismatique et d’histoire." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL034.
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Cnossos est principalement connue pour ses vestiges minoens et peu de travaux ont été menés sur les périodes postérieures malgré la multiplication des études sur la Crète historique depuis une vingtaine d’années. La période antique est pourtant fondamentale dans son histoire. En effet, entre le Ve siècle av. J.-C. et le milieu du Ier siècle ap. J.-C., c’est l’histoire d’une cité puissante politiquement en Crète puis d’une colonie romaine prospère qui se dessine grâce aux sources archéologiques et textuelles publiées, ainsi qu’à un corpus monétaire inédit. La première partie de la thèse est une étude des monnaies produites à Cnossos pendant toute l’histoire de l’atelier ; elle présente d’abord un catalogue de 2970 monnaies cnossiennes, les contextes de découverte des monnaies cnossiennes dans le monde grec et les monnaies de fouilles de Cnossos, puis une étude de chaque série (typologie, étude de coins, métrologie et datation). La seconde partie est une étude de l’histoire de Cnossos divisée en trois sections correspondant aux périodes classique, hellénistique et impériale. Pour chacune, sont examinés les frontières, l’aménagement du territoire et les événements historiques en prenant en compte la totalité des sources disponibles, numismatiques bien sûr mais aussi les autres vestiges archéologiques et les textes épigraphiques et littéraires. Ces deux parties sont accompagnées d’un volume d’annexes et de planches (volume 2) qui comprend notamment une liste des vestiges mis au jour sur le site entre les premières fouilles de la fin du XIXe siècle à aujourd’hui, le détail des tombes fouillées et les textes épigraphiques découverts à Cnossos et/ou relatifs à la citéKnossos is mainly known for its Minoans remains and little work has been undertaken on the later periods in spite of the many studies on historic Crete published in the last twenty years. Antiquity is nevertheless fundamental in its history. Indeed, between the 5th century BC and the middle of the 1st century AD, it is the story of a city politically powerful in Crete and then a prosperous Roman colony which can be seen because of the published archaeological and textual sources, and an unpublished coin corpus. The first part of the thesis is a study of the coins struck at Knossos during the entire operational period of the mint; it shows first a catalogue of 2970 Knossian coins, the archaeological contexts of the Knossian coins in the Greek world and the coins found during excavations of the site. Then, each series is studied (typology, die study, metrology and dating). The second part is a study of Knossos divided into three sections corresponding to the Classical, Hellenistic and Roman periods. For each, the borders, the spatial organisation and historical events are studied with all available sources: numismatics, archaeological remains and epigraphic and literary texts. These two parts work with an annexe and illustrations volume (volume 2) which is composed mainly of a remains list dug between the end of the 19th century and today, the tombs and the epigraphic texts discovered at/or about the city
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Irvin, Margaret. "Some speculations on magic, ritual and superstition in antiquity /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18654.pdf.
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Felton, D. "Haunted Greece and Rome : ghost stories from classical antiquity /." Austin : University of Texas Press, 1999. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/texas051/98039213.html.
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Loseby, Simon Thomas. "Marseille in late antiquity and the early Middle Ages." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356966.
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Fleming, K. M. A. "Classics and the Second World War : appropriations of antiquity." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599072.
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This thesis examines the immediate impact of the Second World War on classics and the classical tradition. I begin with a study of Jean Anouilh’s Antigone. Now understood almost by default (at least outside France) as the tragedy of a Résistante, in fact, Antigone was neither embraced by the Resistance as a sister-in-arms, nor was the play received by the German or collaborationist press as an attack on the Nazi occupiers or the Vichy government. It was, however, politically controversial, becoming the focus of intense debate. In this chapter I examine the significance of the critical response to the play. The importance of this Antigone generally reflects the long tradition of European criticism on the Antigone story, but the historical circumstances of the play’s production and its consequent reception reveal much about the dynamics of the appropriation of antiquity in the twentieth century. My second chapter focuses on Dialektik der Aufklärung: Philosophische Fragmente by Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno. To answer the question of how the Enlightenment project could have failed so miserably to present the kind of barbarity typified by fascism, Horkheimer and Adorno turn to the Odyssey. Here those patterns of dominating reason, which recurrently emerge in the European mind, are first to be found and exposed. No doubt the text uses the Odyssey to construct its theory but, beyond this, I argue that Dialektik also offers a radical and damning critique of (German) Philhellenism. Dialektik der Aufklärung is a text which performs its own complicated role in enlightened thinking. The authors’ reading of the Odyssey, in its elusiveness, reflects this tortured dialectic. My final chapter takes its initial focus from Martin Heidegger’s Brief über den Humanismus. The way in which the politics of the 1930s and 40s are refracted through the philosophy of Heidegger has long been a concern for those interested in the intellectual history of the twentieth century. To some extent Heidegger’s Brief constitutes a reflection on his own political engagement with Nazism, particularly in its confrontation of the accusation that his ontological philosophy was practised at the expense of ethics.
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Bouchard, Dominique S. "The reception of Classical antiquity in Calabria, 500-1700." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.600390.
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This study considers the reception of classical objects in Calabria from the final years of Roman dominance in the region to the end of Spanish Habsburg control of the Kingdom of Naples at the end of the seventeenth century. It argues that despite political and cultural fragmentation across the region, the reception of Greek and/or Roman objects in Calabria has had a continuous role in the development of a regional identity with multiple socio-political and cultural facets. By tracing developments in the discovery, collection and scholarship of classical antiquities in Calabria, this study helps to highlight interpretations of classical objects across overlapping geopolitical areas and periods of time. It shows how reception of ancient Greek and Roman antiquities evolved over time and how the manner of their discovery, display and scholarship influenced reception in later periods and therefore nuanced aspects of reception in different periods can best be understood in the context of past receptions. It is therefore a secondary argument of this study that reception is usefully studied as a self-reflexive tradition of interpretation and reinterpretation across temporal and geographic boundaries. Archival evidence from Calabria helps to support an approach to the past in which historical authenticity was regulated by texts rather display.
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Clarke, Georgia Margot. "Italian Renaissance urban domestic architecture : the influence of Antiquity." Thesis, Courtauld Institute of Art (University of London), 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264517.
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Lekas, P. "Marx on classical antiquity : Problems of teleology and history." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377224.
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Riess, Frank Trevor. "The Representation of Narbonne in Late Antiquity : 410 - 720." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2009. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.582147.
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The thesis outlines a systematic approach for the study of Narbonne. Chapter one presents a methodological analysis for an understanding of the city in Late Antiquity, formulating a tripartite distinction of territorial space on different planes of meaning: nature, containing references to geography and geology; custom, that incorporates meanings derived from archaeology, production and exchange; finally authority, that addresses educated texts of law, religion and power. This categorization is developed in chapters two to six. Chapter two examines the natural, geological evolution of Narbonne, together with the foundational descriptions of the city from Orosius, Hydatius, Olympiodorus and Philostorgius. Chapter three views the transformation of Narbonne from a city in a province of the Roman Empire to another context in a barbarian successor state. The chapter also sets out the part played by the port of Narbonne at the turn of the fourth century in the residence and travels of ascetics and Christian figures like Paulinus of Nola and Sulpicius Severus. Chapter four describes the topography of Narbonne in the fifth and sixth centuries, and the role of early Christianity, ending with a critical assessment of the archaeological research for the period. It also examines late antique archetypal narratives of the city. Chapters five and six assess the current historiography of Narbonne’s place in the development of the Visigothic kingdom, and argue for a new approach to the representation ofNarbonne in the sixth and seventh centuries. The thesis concludes that Narbonne was a regional centre for a territory that had its roots in the post-Roman settlement established in the Ostrogothic Interlude after 507, which eventually drew the city closer to the Merovingian kingdoms in the seventh century, away from any imagined unity with the Visigothic kingdom of Toledo.
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Musgrove, Caroline Joanne. "Oribasius' woman : medicine, Christianity and society in Late Antiquity." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/270083.
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As a writer of medical summaries and compendia, Oribasius has often been dismissed as a harbinger of late antique medical decline. This dissertation challenges this long-lived assumption by revaluating the compiler and his writings, and the place of medicine in the cultural and social landscape of late antiquity. Chapter one examines the scholarly biases that surround Oribasius’ career, positing that his Medical Collections were produced in response to the intellectual priorities of the Emperor Julian’s scholarly circle. Moreover, both the medical art and the physician were highly regarded in the fourth century, as chapter two demonstrates. Not only do the Collections reflect the priorities and order of empire, but the idea of the medical encounter granted both emperor and bishop a symbolic language with which to pose and articulate social questions in this period. Chapters three and four outline the ways Oribasius engaged with the medical realities of his day, by retaining in his compilation a sense of personal experience and patient interaction. In his borrowed case histories, female subservience in the face of medical authority is expected; whilst the hierarchy of the elite household is shown to dictate his approach to the patients within it. A messier reality of female agency in their own physical and spiritual care is better captured by Christian writers in the miracle account and sermon, in part because Christians like the Cappadocians and John Chrysostom imbued female choice with new theological meaning. Chapter five sets Oribasius’ approach to the female patient in the broader context of late antique social shifts. The compiler’s careful delineation of responsibility and blame in dealings with vulnerable pubertal and pregnant women reflect an attempt to reaffirm an unwritten social contract with the elite and the paterfamilias; a social priority which is also apparent in the legal compendia of the period. Christian writers, meanwhile, drew metaphorically upon medical discourses of generativity and patrimony to distinguish Christian society from the classical past, as chapter six demonstrates. In the final analysis, Oribasius’ Collections are shown to be intimately and variously in dialogue with the society that produced them, reflecting both the high standing of the art in late antiquity, and its symbolic role in defence of the social world, patriarchy and empire. Christian interactions with medicine are shown to reflect many of these same priorities, and to engage with medical norms in more pervasive ways than has often been noted. But it is only in the Christian text that the medical writers’ woman transcends the determinisms of her traditional generativity and physical inferiority, so central to the writings of Oribasius and his classical predecessors.
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Van, Noorden Helen Anne. "Reading Hesiod's 'myth of the races' in Classical Antiquity." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613120.
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Salazar, Christine F. "The treatment of war wounds in Graeco-Roman antiquity." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1991. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272512.
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Fisher, Kylie Michelle. "Imprinting Antiquity: Reinventing the Past through Sixteenth-Century Prints." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1585853474864203.
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Yoneta, Lawrence Masakazu. "Shelley's reception of Greek antiquity : rationalism, idealism and historicism." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.682720.
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The central argument of this thesis is that Percy Bysshe Shelley perceived modern relevance in the experience of the ancient Greeks. While their art, architecture, literature, philosophy and mythology were a constant inspiration for his thought and writing, a knowledge of their moral values, religious beliefs, social customs, political institutions and historical events provided him with clues to ideal society. Three chief factors are identified that determined the ways in which Shelley formed an idea of Greek antiquity: rationalism, idealism and historicism. Rationalism was an intellectual legacy from the Enlightenment of the late-seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It played a principal role in his evaluation of the Greek achievement. Its central criteria were reason, wisdom and benevolence. These qualities were polemically opposed to tyranny and superstition. Greek philosophy, literature and morality were celebrated for their power of reason, as a source of wisdom, and as exemplifying the spirit of benevolence. While rationalism concerned value judgment, idealism was a form of poetic representation. It found expression in Shelley's tendency to present Greece as perfection, often as more perfect than his actual historical perception would have allowed it to be. In his poetic imagination Greece figured either as a metaphor for ideal qualities or as a land where great bards and sages had once lived and bequeathed examples of excellence. Historicism was a habit of mind that became prominent in Shelley's commentary on the Greeks later than the other two elements, namely in the Italian period between 1818 and 1822. The historicist approach -- an approach in which cultural particularities are examined in the light of contextual factors -- led him to conceive the character of the ancients in contradistinction to that of modern Europeans. His exploration of the Greek character was based on the principles of Enlightenment historiography including the spirit of systematisation and the consideration of causality and environmental influence; among notable historians of the eighteenth century were Montesquieu, Voltaire, Hume and Gibbon. The cultural dualism between ancient Greece and modern Europe had its immediate sources and specific intellectual context in the historicist discourse of German Hellenists in the latter half of the century, especially Winckelmann and August Schlegel.