Relevant bibliographies by topics / Antimicrobial infections

Academic literature on the topic 'Antimicrobial infections'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Antimicrobial infections"

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Hosoglu, Salih, Zafer Parlak, Mehmet Faruk Geyik, and Yilmaz Palanci. "Critical evaluation of antimicrobial use - A Turkish university hospital example." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 7, no. 11 (November 15, 2013): 873–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.2921.

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Introduction: Antimicrobials are being used unnecessarily for different reasons. The aims of this study were: assessment of the quality of antimicrobial use and determination of the factors related to correct use. Method: Antimicrobial practice at Dicle University Hospital (DUH) was evaluated with a point prevalence approach. Using a standardized data collection form, the patients’ data (clinic, epidemiology, laboratory and antimicrobial use) was collected. Possible influential factors on antimicrobial use were examined. Results: In the surveillance study 1,350 inpatients were evaluated; 461 (34.1%) of them were using antimicrobials for treatment and 187 (13.9%) for prophylaxis. Antimicrobial indication was found in 355 of 461 patients (77.0%), and the number of antimicrobials was 1.8 per patient in the treatment group. The most common reason for antimicrobial use was community-acquired infection (57.9%). Pneumonia (20.4%), skin and soft tissue infections (9.11%) and urinary tract infections (7.9%) were the most common infectious diseases. Positive culture results were available for 39 patients (8.5.0%) when antimicrobial treatment started. All steps of antimicrobial use were found appropriate in 243 patients (52.7%). In multivariate analyses, clinical manifestation of infection at the beginning (p<0.001), presence of leukocyte counting (p<0.001) and prescription by an infectious disease specialist were found significantly positive factors for wholly appropriate antimicrobial use. Hospitalization with a diagnosis other than infection was found a significantly negative factor for appropriate antimicrobial use (p=0.001). Conclusion: The quality of antimicrobial use could be improved with better clinical and laboratory diagnosis and consultation with infectious diseases specialists
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Uy, Natalie, Rupak Datta, Noffar Bar, and Manisha Juthani-Mehta. "2678. Characterizing Hospitalizations and Infections Among Older Adults Receiving Palliative Chemotherapy for Hematologic Malignancies." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S940. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.2356.

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Abstract Background As cancer survivorship improves, the number of patients with hematologic malignancies receiving palliative chemotherapy will grow. Older adults with hematologic malignancies often carry poor prognoses and experience high risks of infection. We evaluated the frequency of CDC criteria confirmed infection and antimicrobial use during hospitalizations following initiation of palliative chemotherapy. Methods We conducted a cohort study of patients aged ≥65 years who received non-curative palliative chemotherapy between January 1, 2016 and September 30, 2017 and were subsequently hospitalized by January 31, 2018. Hematologic malignancies were verified with medical record review. Infections were identified using CDC criteria, and antimicrobials were categorized by indication for use. Results We identified 268 patients receiving palliative chemotherapy for hematologic malignancies (Table 1) who had a total 591 hospitalizations (Table 2) during follow-up. There were 162 readmissions (27%) among 92 patients. Among all patients, 128 (48%) died during follow-up. Forty-one (15%) deaths were within 30 days of discharge. The most common site of death was hospice, in and outpatient (27%). Two hundred forty-nine (42%) admissions were for infectious causes; of the 34 patients who died inpatient (non hospice), 56% had been admitted for infectious causes. Antimicrobials were prescribed for prophylaxis in 57% (n = 337/591) of hospitalizations. Antimicrobials were prescribed for suspected infection in 48% (n = 282/591) of hospitalizations. Only 30% (n = 178/591) of hospitalizations had antimicrobials given for CDC confirmed infections. Figure 1 shows the most common indications for antimicrobial use. Conclusion Infections are an important cause of the morbidity and mortality in older adults receiving palliative chemotherapy for hematology malignancies. Hospitalizations for infectious causes were frequent in our cohort. Nearly half of hospitalizations involved antimicrobial use for suspected infection, but CDC confirmed infections were less common. This population warrants further investigation to improve antimicrobial use. Future studies should identify the subset of patients at high risk for recurrent admissions to optimize medical care. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Queirós, Catarina Soares, and João Borges da Costa. "Gonorrhea: Antimicrobial Resistance and New Drugs." Journal of the Portuguese Society of Dermatology and Venereology 77, no. 3 (October 10, 2019): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.29021/spdv.77.3.1089.

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The global burden of sexually transmitted infections remains high, with significant associated morbidity and mortality. Gonorrhea is the second most notified sexually transmitted infection in Europe, and its incidence has been increasing in the last years. Although traditionally considered a treatable infection, antimicrobial resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeaeincludes at present also macrolides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides and trimethoprim combinations, quinolones, and even cephalosporins. These high levels of gonococcal resistance to antimicrobials resulting in untreatable infections in the future may become one of the greatest challenges to the prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections, which may be a significant major public health issue. Therefore, the development of novel antimicrobials and/or new dual antimicrobial therapy regimens is urgently needed. In this paper, evolution of antimicrobial resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae is reviewed, along with new drugs currently under development for the treatment of this infection.
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Viola, George M., Issam I. Raad, and Kenneth V. Rolston. "Breast Tissue Expander—Related Infections: Perioperative Antimicrobial Regimens." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 35, no. 1 (January 2014): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/674390.

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Objective.The rate of postmastectomy tissue expander (TE) infection remains excessively high, ranging between 2% and 24%. We hypothesized that current perioperative antimicrobial regimens utilized for breast TE reconstruction may be outdated as a result of recent changes in microflora and susceptibility patterns.Design and Methods.We reviewed the records of all patients who had a TE reconstructive procedure and developed a definite breast TE infection between 2003 and 2010 at MD Anderson Cancer Center. Antimicrobials were stratified into 3 groups: systemic perioperative, local irrigation, and oral immediate postoperative antimicrobials. These were considered discordant if they did not target the isolated organisms, while a breakthrough infection was defined as an infection that occurred despite concordant antimicrobial coverage.Results.Overall, 75 patients with a definite TE infection were identified. The most common organisms identified were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (29%), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (15%), and gram-negative rods (26%). The use of systemic perioperative antimicrobials was deemed discordant in 51% of the cases. Although 79% of the patients received broad-spectrum perioperative local antimicrobial irrigation, 63% developed a breakthrough infection. Even though 61% received oral postoperative prophylactic antimicrobials, 63% of the times they were deemed discordant.Conclusions.Contrary to the proven effectiveness of a single dose of perioperative antibiotics, the common use of local antimicrobial irrigation and prolonged postoperative oral antibiotics appears to be an inadequate component of our preventive armamentarium. Also, because methicillin-resistant staphylococcal and pseudomonal infections occurred approximately 60% of the time, at institutions that have observed an increase of these organisms, it may be prudent that perioperative antimicrobials target these microorganisms.
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Sotello, David, Wadih Chakkour, and Kristen Fuhrmann. "The Carbapenems Issue." Southwest Respiratory and Critical Care Chronicles 6, no. 25 (July 20, 2018): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12746/swrccc.v6i25.476.

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The development of antibiotics remains one of the great advances in medicine. Antibiotics have saved countless lives. Unfortunately, the widespread use of antimicrobials has led to the development of antimicrobial resistance. Antibiotic resistance is an important concern for public health; it is associated with poor outcomes. Carbapenems, members of the β-lactam class of antibiotics, have the broadest spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Carbapenem resistance is one of the toughest challenges in infectious diseases; it is associated with high mortality and is seen more often now due to the proliferation of multi-drug resistant bacteria. Multiple genes that cause carbapenem resistance have been identified. Resistance transmission is usually nosocomial, but community-acquired infections with resistance have been reported. Early recognition of high risk patients for multi-drug resistant infections is fundamental for adequate management. The rational use of antibiotics is required to prevent the spread of antimicrobial resistance; this requires multidisciplinary efforts among clinicians, Infection Control departments, and Antimicrobial Stewardship programs.
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Ioannou, Petros, Eirini Astrinaki, Efsevia Vitsaxaki, Emmanouil Bolikas, Despoina Christofaki, Apostolia Salvaraki, Eirini Lagoudaki, et al. "A Point Prevalence Survey of Healthcare-Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Use in Public Acute Care Hospitals in Crete, Greece." Antibiotics 11, no. 9 (September 16, 2022): 1258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11091258.

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Background: Both healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial resistance are associated with an increased length of stay and hospital costs, while they have also been linked to high morbidity and mortality rates. In 2016 and 2017, the latest point prevalence survey (PPS) of HAIs and antimicrobial use in European acute care hospitals highlighted an HAI prevalence of 6.5%, while Greece had a higher HAI prevalence of 10%. The aim of this PPS was to record the prevalence of HAIs and antimicrobial use in all eight public acute care hospitals in Crete, Greece during the COVID-19 pandemic in order to highlight the types of infections and antimicrobial practices that need to be prioritized for infection control initiatives. Methods: The PPS was conducted between 30 March and 15 April 2022, according to the ECDC standardized relevant protocol (version 5.3). Statistics were extracted using the ECDC Helics.Win.Net application (software version 4.1.0). Results: A total of 1188 patients were included. The overall point prevalence of patients with at least one HAI was 10.6%. The most frequent types of infections were pneumonia (34.3%), bloodstream infections (10.5%), systemic infections and urinary tract infections (10.5% and 9.1%, respectively). In 14 (12.4%) cases, the pathogen responsible for HAI was SARS-CoV-2 following onsite spread, accounting for almost 10% of all HAIs. Microorganisms were identified in 60.1% of HAIs. Antimicrobials were administered in 711 (59.8%) patients, with 1.59 antimicrobials used per patient. Conclusion: The prevalence of HAI and antimicrobial use among hospitalized patients in Crete, Greece was similar to the national HAI prevalence in 2016 despite the enormous pressure on public hospitals due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Nevertheless, both HAI prevalence and antimicrobial use remain high, underlining the need to implement adequate infection control and antimicrobial stewardship interventions.
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Akram, Zaid Mustafa, Khalid Burhan Khalid, Qaisar Khaleel Oraibi, and Maadh Fawzi Nassar. "Antimicrobial resistance of bacterial pathogens isolated from the infections of post maxillofacial surgery." Journal of Medicine and Life 15, no. 8 (August 2022): 944–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.25122/jml-2021-0149.

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Inappropriate antibiotic prescriptions contributed to a global issue of antimicrobial resistance. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of bacterial pathogens and antimicrobial resistance isolated from maxillofacial infections (MIs). Two hundred and twenty-two patients with different MIs were included in this study. Swab samples were taken from the site of infections. Samples were cultured, and isolated bacteria were identified using various biochemical tests. Antimicrobial resistance patterns of isolates were assessed by the disk diffusion method. The mean age of the patients was 50.8 years. The male-to-female ratio was 127/95 (P<0.05). Smoking and alcohol consumption were found in 60.36% and 37.38% of patients, respectively. Most patients had a ≤1-week infection duration (P<0.05). Abscess lesion was the most predominant infection type (P<0.05). The prevalence of aerobic bacteria among abscess, pus localization, and deep facial infections was 59.33%, 64.28%, and 46.66%, respectively. The prevalence of anaerobic bacteria among abscess, pus localization, and deep facial infections was 40.66%, 23.80%, and 53.33%, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus (10.36%) and Prevotella buccalis (8.55%) had the uppermost distribution amongst all examined samples. Isolated bacteria exhibited the uppermost resistance rate toward penicillin (65.76%), tetracycline (61.26%), gentamicin (58.10%), and ampicillin (57.65%) antimicrobials. The lowest resistance rate was obtained for linezolid (25.67%), ceftriaxone (31.08%), and azithromycin (31.08%) antimicrobials. Linezolid, ceftriaxone, and azithromycin had effective antimicrobial activities toward bacteria isolated from MIs. Therefore, cautious antibiotic prescription might decrease the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in dental and maxillofacial infections.
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Bishop, Bryan M. "Antimicrobial Stewardship in the Emergency Department." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 29, no. 6 (July 8, 2016): 556–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0897190015585762.

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Antimicrobial resistance is a national public health concern. Misuse of antimicrobials for conditions such as upper respiratory infection, urinary tract infections, and cellulitis has led to increased resistance to antimicrobials commonly utilized to treat those infections, such as sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim and flouroquinolones. The emergency department (ED) is a site where these infections are commonly encountered both in ambulatory patients and in patients requiring admission to a hospital. The ED is uniquely positioned to affect the antimicrobial use and resistance patterns in both ambulatory settings and inpatient settings. However, implementing antimicrobial stewardship programs in the ED is fraught with challenges including diagnostic uncertainty, distractions secondary to patient or clinician turnover, and concerns with patient satisfaction to name just a few. However, this review article highlights successful interventions that have stemmed inappropriate antimicrobial use in the ED setting and warrant further study. This article also proposes other, yet to be validated proposals. Finally, this article serves as a call to action for pharmacists working in antimicrobial stewardship programs and in emergency medicine settings. There needs to be further research on the implementation of these and other interventions to reduce inappropriate antimicrobial use to prevent patient harm and curb the development of antimicrobial resistance.
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Becker, Daniel E. "Antimicrobial Drugs." Anesthesia Progress 60, no. 3 (August 1, 2013): 111–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2344/0003-3006-60.3.111.

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Abstract Antibiotics play a vital role in dental practice for managing orofacial infections. They are used to manage existing infection and they are also used as prophylaxis for certain medical conditions and surgical procedures. This article will review pharmacological and therapeutic considerations for the proper use of these agents for dental infections.
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Weycker, Derek, David Chandler, Rich Barron, Hairong Xu, Hongsheng Wu, John Edelsberg, and Gary H. Lyman. "Risk of infection among patients with non-metastatic solid tumors or non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma receiving myelosuppressive chemotherapy and antimicrobial prophylaxis in US clinical practice." Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice 23, no. 1 (July 9, 2016): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078155215614997.

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Purpose Guidelines generally do not recommend oral antimicrobials for prophylaxis against chemotherapy-related infections in patients with solid tumors. Evidence on antimicrobial prophylaxis use, and associated chemotherapy-related infection risk, in US clinical practice is limited. Methods A retrospective cohort design and data from two US private healthcare claims repositories (2008–2011) were employed. Study population included adults who received myelosuppressive chemotherapy for non-metastatic cancer of the breast, colon/rectum, or lung, or for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. For each subject, the first chemotherapy course was characterized, and within the first course, each chemotherapy cycle and chemotherapy-related infection episode was identified. Use of prophylaxis with oral antimicrobials and colony-stimulating factors in each cycle also was identified. Results A total of 7116 (22% of all) non-metastatic breast cancer, 1833 (15%) non-metastatic colorectal cancer, 1999 (15%) non-metastatic lung cancer, and 1949 (21%) non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients received antimicrobial prophylaxis in ≥1 cycle. Mean number of antimicrobial prophylaxis cycles during the course among these patients was typically <2, with little difference across cancers and chemotherapy regimens. Fluoroquinolones were the most commonly received class of antimicrobials, accounting for 20%–50% all antimicrobials administered. Among subjects who received first-cycle antimicrobial prophylaxis, chemotherapy-related infection risk in that cycle ranged from 3% to 6% across cancer types. Among patients who received first-cycle antimicrobial prophylaxis and developed chemotherapy-related infections, 38%–67% required inpatient care. Chemotherapy-related infection risk in subsequent cycles with antimicrobial prophylaxis was comparable. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that use of antimicrobial prophylaxis during myelosuppressive chemotherapy is far from uncommon in clinical practice. The results also suggest that an important minority of cancer chemotherapy patients receiving antimicrobial prophylaxis still develop serious infection requiring hospitalization.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Antimicrobial infections"

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Baelo, Álvarez Aida. "New antimicrobial strategies against bacterial infections." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673587.

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Bacterial infections are a major health concern worldwide due to the mortality and comorbidity associated levels. Besides the development of drug-resistance mechanisms, most recalcitrant infections are caused by bacteria forming biofilms, which are bacterial communities that grow within an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix that protects bacterial cells from the action of antimicrobials and immune mechanisms. The frequent appearance and spreading of bacterial drug-resistant strains, together with the recalcitrance of infections caused by biofilms, has pointed out the urgent need to develop novel antibacterial agents that target essential bacterial processes and biofilm-forming bacteria. This thesis investigated the development of new antibacterial strategies by both targeting bacterial essential processes and biofilm-forming bacteria. Ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) are essential enzymes required by any cellular organism, since they catalyze the synthesis of deoxyribonucleotides, critical for both DNA synthesis and repair processes. Due to its key role in DNA replication, several RNR inhibitors have been developed as antiproliferative drugs in cancer and infectious diseases. Amongst RNR inhibitors, radical scavenger molecules have proved for long its inhibitory activity against the RNR enzyme, including some cytotoxic hydroxylamine derivatives such as hydroxyurea (HU). Here, the use of hydroxylamine derivative compounds as antibacterial agents specifically targeting the bacterial RNR enzyme was investigated. The results provided show that N-methyl-hydroxylamine (M-HA) molecule and some newly synthesized Nhydroxylamine derivative molecules (N-HA) inhibit bacterial RNR, displaying a wide range of antibacterial activity against different bacterial pathogens, together with low cytotoxicity to eukaryotic cells. Also, M-HA molecule shows intracellular antimycobacterial activity during macrophages infection, together with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro antibiofilm activity. Several of the N-HA molecules display antibiofilm activity against P. aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli biofilms, and we demonstrate the ability of such molecules to inhibit bacterial growth by radical scavenging of the RNR enzyme. Further, this thesis explores the use of a drug delivery system based on poly(lactic-co-glycolic) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) to remove P. aeruginosa biofilms by combining the action of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin and the DNA-hydrolytic activity of the deoxyribonuclease I enzyme (DNase I). The synthesized biodegradable PLGA NPs, loaded with ciprofloxacin and functionalized with DNase I through poly(lysine) (PL) coating, synergistically improve the ciprofloxacin antibacterial efficacy by disassembling the extracellular DNA, one of the main components of the EPS matrix.
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Irom, Sara Julie. "High Dose Antimicrobial Protocols for Canine Urinary Tract Infections." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1274464691.

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Braithwaite, M., Vuuren SF Van, and AM Viljoen. "Validation of smoke inhalation therapy to treat microbial infections." Elsevier, 2008. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000386.

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Aim of the study: In traditional healing, the burning of selected indigenous medicinal plants and the inhalation of the liberated smoke are widely accepted and a practiced route of administration. This study elucidated the rationale behind this commonly practiced treatment by examining the antimicrobial activity for five indigenous South African medicinal plants commonly administered through inhalation (Artemisia afra, Heteropyxis natalensis, Myrothamnus flabellifolius, Pellaea calomelanos and Tarchonanthus camphoratus). Material and Methods: An apparatus was designed to simulate the burning process that occurs in a traditional setting and the smoke fraction was captured for analysis and bioassay. Methanol and acetone extracts as well as the essential oil (for the aromatic species) were prepared and assayed in parallel with the smoke fraction. Results: Antimicrobial data revealed that in most cases, the ‘smoke-extract’ obtained after burning had lower minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values than the corresponding solvent extracts and essential oils. The combustion, acetone and methanol extracts produced different chromatographic profiles as demonstrated for Pellaea calomelanos where several compounds noted in the smoke fraction were not present in the other extracts. Conclusion: These results suggest that the combustion process produces an ‘extract’ with superior antimicrobial activity and provides in vitro evidence for inhalation of medicinal smoke as an efficient mode of administration in traditional healing.
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Trienekens, Theodora Antoinetta Maria. "Urinary tract infections and antimicrobial agents A study into factors influencing the efficacy of antimicrobial agents /." Maastricht : Maastricht : Rijksuniversiteit Limburg ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1993. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5757.

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Smith, Sharon Phillips. "Community-acquired Urinary Tract Infections| Treatment, Outcomes, and Antimicrobial Resistance." Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3616604.

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Community-acquired urinary tract infections (CA-UTI) are common in young women. Reports of increasing resistance to the antimicrobial drugs commonly prescribed to treat CA-UTI, evidence of wide-spread dissemination of strains of multi-drug resistant i that can cause community outbreaks and expanding appreciation of the importance of the rational use of antibiotics are challenging the traditional management of this disease.

Two population-based studies were performed to investigate the epidemiological features of CA-UTI with an emphasis on the antimicrobial resistance of causative bacteria. An eight-year retrospective cohort study was conducted in a large health maintenance organization to identify changes in uropathogen etiology and antimicrobial resistance and in empirical antimicrobial treatment practices and outcomes. A cross-sectional study was performed in a university population to investigate the relationship between changes in the prevalence of genotype-based clonal groups of uropathogen E. coli and the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance.

From 1998 through 2005, less than 20% of the Escherichia coli causing uncomplicated CA-UTI (UCA-UTI) were resistant to the first line empirical treatment antimicrobial, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX). No trends were detected in the proportions of Escherichia coli that were resistant to TMP/SMX or to nitrofurantoin. In contrast, a small but steady increase in the proportion of Escherichia coli that were resistant to ciprofloxacin was observed. Over the same period of time, the use of ciprofloxacin as empirical treatment for UCA-UTI steadily increased while the use of TMP/SMX decreased. No sustained decreases in treatment failure or in microbiologically incompatible treatment were detected. Thus TMP/SMX remains a viable empirical treatment for women with UCA- UTI in these populations. Molecular typing of Escherichia coli causing CA-UTI revealed that the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance was influenced by a small number of Escherichia coli clonal groups. This suggests that the prevalence of antimicrobial resistant UTI in a community is not only the result of community prescribing practices and individual antimicrobial use but can be significantly impacted by the introduction and circulation of strains of uropathogens that are already drug resistant. Thus, strategies developed to maintain the usefulness of empirical treatment options for CA-UTI must include interventions that target sources of antimicrobial resistant uropathogens.

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Fasugba, Oyebola. "Antimicrobial resistance in urinary tract infections caused by Escherichia coli." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2017. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/67ce6b272ae23ebc1ea1e8727d748f9cc7a61a59c3d5c0c98d2d1d0350c55a51/5885672/Fasugba_2017_Antimicrobial_resistance_in_urinary_tract_infections.pdf.

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Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most common bacterial infections in hospital and community settings requiring antimicrobial treatment. Escherichia coli (E. coli), a bacterium frequently implicated in UTI, is becoming increasingly resistant to antimicrobials. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) reduces the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents, leading to difficulty in treatment of patients, with the potential to prolong the duration of illness and increase mortality in patients. To date in Australia, there is a paucity of data comparing resistance patterns over time for hospital- and community-acquired E. coli UTI with no published data on incidence and risk of urinary E. coli resistance in Australia. Ciprofloxacin, a high priority critically important antimicrobial, is not recommended for empirical therapy of UTI yet resistance to this antimicrobial agent is increasing. There are no systematic reviews of studies investigating ciprofloxacin resistance in hospital- and community-acquired E. coli UTI. Therefore, the research program sought to address these knowledge gaps in three separate but interrelated studies. The research described in this thesis is the first of its kind in Australia.
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Bendall, J. B. "Bacterial resistance to antimicrobial agents in geriatric medical wards." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381441.

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Powis, Samantha. "Chlorine Dioxide for the Prevention of Biomaterial-Associated Infections." Diss., Tucson, Arizona : University of Arizona, 2005. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu%5Fetd%5F1307%5F1%5Fm.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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Tassev, Dimiter V. "Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of novel anticancer derivatives against infectious bacteria for the potential minimization of nosocomial infections." Connect to resource, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1811/6457.

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Thesis (Honors)--Ohio State University, 2006.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages: contains 27 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 24-27). Available online via Ohio State University's Knowledge Bank.
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More, G. K. (Garland Kgosi). "Antimicrobial constituents of Artemisia afra Jacq. ex Willd. against periodontal pathogens." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24659.

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The phytochemical investigation of an ethanol extract of Artemisia afra, led to the isolation of six known compounds, Acacetin (1) 12α,4α-dihydroxybishopsolicepolide (2), Scopoletin (3) α-amyrin (4), Phytol (5) and a pentacyclic tri-terpenoid Betulinic acid (6). The isolated compounds were evaluated for their anti-microbial activity against Gram positive (Actinomyces naeslundii, Actinomyces israelii and Streptococcus mutans), Gram negative bacteria (Privotella intermedia, Porphyromonus gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans previously known as Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans) and Candida albicans. The crude extract of A. afra inhibited the growth of all tested microbial species at concentration range of 1.6 mg/ml to 25.0 mg/ml. The compounds 1-6 also showed activity range at 1.0 mg/ml to 0.25 mg/ml. Three best compounds which showed good activity were selected for further studies. Cytotoxicity of the extract and compounds was determined using the XTT (Sodium 3’-[1-(phenyl amino-carbonyl)-3,4-tetrazolium]-bis-[4-methoxy-6-nitro] benzene sulfonic acid hydrate) cell proliferation kit. The antioxidant activity of the extract and compounds was done using the DPPH scavenging method. The extract showed good antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 22.2 μg/ml. Scopoletin had a strong transformation of the DPPH radical into its reduced form, with an IC50 value of 1.24 μg/ml which was significant to that of vitamin C (1.22 μg/ml). Acacetin and Betulinic acid exhibited a decreased scavenging activity with the IC50 of 2.39 and 2.42 _g/ml, respectively. The extract and compounds showed moderate toxicity on McCoy fibroblast cell line and the extract influenced the release of cytokine against Hep2 cells. Scopoletin was relatively non-toxic with an IC50 value of 132.5 μg/ml. Acacetin and betulinic acid also showed a smooth trend of non-toxic effects at lower concentrations and toxic at higher concentrations with IC50 values of 35.44 and 30.96 μg/ml. The obtained results in this confirmed the use of A. afra in the treatment of microbial infections.
Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
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Books on the topic "Antimicrobial infections"

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H, Nightingale C., Ambrose Paul G, and File Thomas, eds. Community-acquired respiratory infections: Antimicrobial management. New York: Marcel Dekker, 2003.

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Schiffelers, Raymond. LIPOSOMAL TARGETING OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS TO BACTERIAL INFECTIONS. Rotterdam: R.M. Schiffelers Rotterdam, 2000.

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Escherichia coli on U.S. swine sites: Antimicrobial drug susceptibility. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, 2009.

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Salmonella on U.S. swine sites: Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Centers for Epidemiology and Animal Health, 2009.

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Moriarty, T. Fintan. Biomaterials Associated Infection: Immunological Aspects and Antimicrobial Strategies. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013.

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Thadepalli, Haragopal. Antimicrobial therapy in abdominal surgery: Precepts and practices. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 1991.

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Didier, Raoult, ed. Antimicrobial agents and intracellular pathogens. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 1993.

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North American Veterinary Conference (1995 Orlando, Fla.). Managing microbes: A systems approach to antimicrobial usage : proceedings of a symposium, Monday, January 16, 1995 at the North American Veterinary Conference, Orlando, Florida. [Exton, Pa.]: Smithkline Beecham Animal Health, 1994.

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Mainous III, Arch G., and Claire Pomeroy. Management of Antimicrobials in Infectious Diseases. New Jersey: Humana Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/1592590365.

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Mainous, Arch G., and Claire Pomeroy, eds. Management of Antimicrobials in Infectious Diseases. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-036-0.

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Book chapters on the topic "Antimicrobial infections"

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Gautier-Bouchardon, Anne V. "Antimicrobial treatment of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections." In Mycoplasmas in swine, 181–205. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249941.0181.

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Abstract This chapter reviews the antimicrobials and antimicrobial treatments used to control M. hyopneumoniae infections. It also gives an overview of in vitro and in vivo activities of these antimicrobials and of resistance mechanisms described for M. hyopneumoniae towards these antimicrobials.
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Tabbara, Khalid F. "Antimicrobial Agents in Ophthalmology." In Ocular Infections, 19–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-43981-4_2.

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Bodey, Gerald P., Danica Milatovic, and Ilja Braveny. "Specific Infections." In The Antimicrobial Pocket Book, 167–225. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-05255-5_6.

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Pasikhova, Yanina. "Antimicrobial Prophylaxis." In Infections in Neutropenic Cancer Patients, 151–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21859-1_10.

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Reyes, Katherine, Marcus Zervos, and Jisha John. "Enterococcal Infections in Adults." In Antimicrobial Drug Resistance, 811–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47266-9_3.

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Miller, Michael H., and Martin Mayers. "Treatment of Eye Infections." In Quinolone Antimicrobial Agents, 291–309. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555817817.ch18.

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Rolain, Jean-Marc, and Didier Raoult. "Treatment of Intracellular Infections." In Quinolone Antimicrobial Agents, 323–35. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555817817.ch20.

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Girmenia, Corrado, and Francesco Menichetti. "Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Hematology." In Infections in Hematology, 275–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44000-1_16.

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Husted, Thomas L., Hannes Wacha, and Joseph S. Solomkin. "Antimicrobial management." In Clinician’s Manual on Intra-abdominal Infections, 51–67. Tarporley: Springer Healthcare Ltd., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-907673-34-4_4.

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Solomkin, Joseph S. "Treatment of Intra-Abdominal Infections." In Quinolone Antimicrobial Agents, 217–25. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555817817.ch12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Antimicrobial infections"

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Wang, Ying, Tianhong Dai, and Ying Gu. "Antimicrobial blue light inactivation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae." In Photonic Diagnosis and Treatment of Infections and Inflammatory Diseases, edited by Tianhong Dai. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2291545.

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Padrão, Tatiana, Susana R. Sousa, Fernando J. Monteiro, and Juliana R. Dias. "Antimicrobial Polymeric Composites to Prevent Hospital-Acquired Infections." In Materiais 2022. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/materproc2022008036.

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Tek, Erhan, and Nizami Duran. "Efficacy of Capsaicin on Cell Adhesion and Invasion of Oral Pathogens." In The 9th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2022.iii.19.

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Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans are important human pathogens and their infections in the mouth, mouth, and throat are important. Prophylaxis against oral and respiratory tract infections is of great importance in terms of both reducing the use of antibiotics and lowering the infection frequency. This study investigated the antimicrobial activity of Capsaicin against S. mutans, C. albicans, and S. pyogenes. Non-cytotoxic concentration of Capsaicin was determined in the Vero cell line by the MTT method. Efficacy studies were performed within these determined non-cytotoxic concentrations. The efficacy of single and different combinations of these three biological components on cell adhesion and invasion. The non-toxic concentration of capsaicin on Vero cells was <1.35 µg/ml. Capsaicin exhibited significant antimicrobial activity against S. pyogenes, S. mutans, and C. albicans. Moreover, capsaicin was statistically significantly effective against host cell adhesion and invasion against S. mutans, S. pyogenes and C. albicans compared to the control group. The results showed that capsaicin is a highly potent antibacterial agent against S. pyogenes, and S. mutans, as well as an important prophylactic agent for fungal infections. As a result, we think that capsaicin is a useful molecule for the provision and maintenance of both respiratory diseases and oral health.
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Oehler, Madison, Douglas G. Hayes, and Doris D'Souza. "Encapsulation of Melittin in Bicontinuous Microemulsions for Topical Delivery." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/fmme7461.

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Surgical site infections and chronic wounds, especially those caused by antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, result in hospitalization and fatalities each year. Methods to prevent these infections, such as cleaning and preparing medical tools, have had minimal success in preventing infections. Further, antibiotic treatments have become less successful in treating infections and wounds as a result of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are a possible treatment solution. AMPs are oligopeptides that occur in nature or can be synthesized in vitro which possess a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against bacteria and other harmful microorganisms. AMPs operate by disrupting the packing arrangements of biomembranes in prokaryotes through their insertion into negatively charged phospholipid bilayers. However, many AMP products have failed clinical trials because of their difficulty to be delivered at high concentrations in an active form. This project proposes the use of bicontinuous microemulsions (BMEs) to encapsulate and deliver AMPs. BMEs are thermodynamically stable monophasic solutions consisting of surfactant, oil, aqueous media, and sometimes a cosurfactant. They are optically clear and consist of surfactant monolayers that separate oil and water nanodomains. Several different BME systems composed of biocompatible oils such as isopropyl myristate and limonene were evaluated for their ability to encapsulate melittin, a model AMP, and to test the system’s antimicrobial activity. AMPs are typically cationic, and the following hypothesis is being tested, that BMEs created with anionic surfactants would induce a more highly folded, hence more biologically active, conformation for melittin. We are currently measuring the antimicrobial activity of BME-encapsulated melittin against several prominent bacteria that are present in chronic wounds and surgical site infections through multiple antimicrobial assays. We will also assess the structure and microenvironment of melittin using circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy, respectively, and the impact of melittin on the structure of BMEs through small-angle X-ray scattering.
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Hamblin, Michael R., and Liyi Huang. "Potentiation by potassium iodide using TPPS4 for antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation." In Photonic Diagnosis and Treatment of Infections and Inflammatory Diseases, edited by Tianhong Dai. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2285246.

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Zhao, Yuxia, Ying Gu, Shaona Zhou, and Zhiyuan Sun. "A quaternary ammonium modified coumarin derivative for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy." In Photonic Diagnosis and Treatment of Infections and Inflammatory Diseases, edited by Tianhong Dai. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2287086.

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Lönn-Stensrud, J., T. Benneche, and A. Aa Scheie. "Furanones and Thiophenones in Control of Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilm Infections?" In Proceedings of the International Conference on Antimicrobial Research (ICAR2010). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814354868_0030.

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Dai, Tianhong, and Ying Wang. "Antimicrobial blue light: a drug-free approach for inactivating pathogenic microbes." In Photonic Diagnosis and Treatment of Infections and Inflammatory Diseases, edited by Tianhong Dai. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2283019.

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de Freitas, Laura M., Ana L. Blanco, and Carla R. Fontana. "Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy proved not to induce bacterial resistance (Conference Presentation)." In Photonic Diagnosis and Treatment of Infections and Inflammatory Diseases, edited by Tianhong Dai. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2287268.

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Orlandi, Viviana, Fabrizio Bolognese, and Paola Barbieri. "Blue light enhances the antimicrobial activity of honey against Pseudomonas aeruginosa." In Photonic Diagnosis and Treatment of Infections and Inflammatory Diseases, edited by Tianhong Dai. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2291644.

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Reports on the topic "Antimicrobial infections"

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Paranavitana, Chrysanthi. In Vitro Osteoblast Model for Bone Wound Infections and Antimicrobial Therapy. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada608594.

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Haynes, Dr Edward, Chris Conyers, Dr Marc Kennedy, Roy Macarthur, Sam McGreig, and Dr John Walshaw. What is the Burden of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Selected Ready-to-Eat Foods? Food Standards Agency, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.bsv485.

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This study was designed to get a broad estimate of the presence and the types of antimicrobial resistance genes across 52 simple ready-to-eat foods. It was also carried out to understand the benefits and drawbacks of using metagenomic sequencing, a fairly new technology, to study AMR genes. An antimicrobial is any substance that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms. It includes antibiotics which are used to treat bacterial infections in both humans and animals. Given the relevant selective pressures, the bacteria itself can change and find ways to survive the effects of an antimicrobials. This results in the bacteria becoming resistant to the ‘killing’ effects of antimicrobials and is known as ‘antimicrobial resistance’. The more we use antimicrobials and antibiotics and the way that we use them can increase the chance that bacteria will become resistant to antimicrobials. This is important as it can lead to infections that become more difficult to treat with drugs and poses a risk to the public health. T Addressing AMR is a national strategic priority for the UK Government which has led to the development of a new 20-year Vision for AMR and the 5-year National Action Plan (NAP), which runs until 2024. The NAP lays out how the UK will address the AMR challenge and takes a ‘One-Health’ approach which spans people, animals, agriculture, food and the environment. The NAP includes a specific section on the importance of better food safety to limit the contamination of foods and spread of AMR. This section emphasises the need to strengthen the evidence base for AMR and food safety through research, surveillance and promoting good practice across the food chain. The FSA is playing its part by continuing to fill evidence gaps on the role that food plays in AMR through the commissioning of research and surveillance. We are also promoting and improving UK food hygiene (‘4Cs’ messages) across the food chain that will help reduce exposure to AMR bacteria.
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Jorgensen, Frieda, John Rodgers, Daisy Duncan, Joanna Lawes, Charles Byrne, and Craig Swift. Levels and trends of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter spp. from chicken in the UK. Food Standards Agency, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.dud728.

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Campylobacter spp. are the most common bacterial cause of foodborne illness in the UK, with chicken considered to be the most important vehicle of transmission for this organism. It is estimated there are 500,000 cases of campylobacteriosis in the UK annually, with Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) and Campylobacter coli (C. coli) accounting for approximately 91% and 8 % of infections, respectively. Although severe infection in humans is uncommon, treatment is seldom needed for human infection but usually involves the administration of a macrolide (e.g., azithromycin) or a fluoroquinolone (e.g., ciprofloxacin). An increased rate of resistance in Campylobacter in chicken to such antimicrobials could limit effective treatment options for human infections and it is therefore important to monitor changes in rates of resistance over time. In this report we analysed trends in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in C. jejuni and C. coli isolated from chicken in the UK. The chicken samples were from chicken reared for meat (ie. broiler chicken as opposed to layer chicken (ie. egg-laying chicken)) and included chicken sampled at slaughterhouses as well as from retail stores in the UK. Datasets included AMR results from retail surveys of Campylobacter spp. on chicken sampled in the UK from various projects in the time period from 2001 to 2020. In the retail surveys, samples were obtained from stores including major and minor retail stores throughout the UK (in proportion to the population size of each nation) and Campylobacter spp. testing was performed using standard methods with the majority of isolates obtained from direct culture on standard media (mCCDA). Data from national scale surveys of broiler chicken, sampling caecal contents and carcase neckskins at slaughterhouses, undertaken by APHA in 2007/2008, and between 2012 and 2018 were also included in the study. In the APHA-led surveys, Campylobacter were isolated using standard culture methods (culture onto mCCDA) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by a standard microbroth dilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of isolates. Care was taken when comparing data from different studies as there had been changes to the threshold used to determine if an isolate was susceptible or resistant to an antimicrobial in a small number of scenarios. Harmonised thresholds (using epidemiological cut-off (ECOFF) values) were employed to assess AMR with appropriate adjustments made where required to allow meaningful comparisons of resistance prevalence over time. Data from additional isolates where resistance to antimicrobials were predicted from genome sequence data were also considered.
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McCarthy, Noel, Eileen Taylor, Martin Maiden, Alison Cody, Melissa Jansen van Rensburg, Margaret Varga, Sophie Hedges, et al. Enhanced molecular-based (MLST/whole genome) surveillance and source attribution of Campylobacter infections in the UK. Food Standards Agency, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ksj135.

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This human campylobacteriosis sentinel surveillance project was based at two sites in Oxfordshire and North East England chosen (i) to be representative of the English population on the Office for National Statistics urban-rural classification and (ii) to provide continuity with genetic surveillance started in Oxfordshire in October 2003. Between October 2015 and September 2018 epidemiological questionnaires and genome sequencing of isolates from human cases was accompanied by sampling and genome sequencing of isolates from possible food animal sources. The principal aim was to estimate the contributions of the main sources of human infection and to identify any changes over time. An extension to the project focussed on antimicrobial resistance in study isolates and older archived isolates. These older isolates were from earlier years at the Oxfordshire site and the earliest available coherent set of isolates from the national archive at Public Health England (1997/8). The aim of this additional work was to analyse the emergence of the antimicrobial resistance that is now present among human isolates and to describe and compare antimicrobial resistance in recent food animal isolates. Having identified the presence of bias in population genetic attribution, and that this was not addressed in the published literature, this study developed an approach to adjust for bias in population genetic attribution, and an alternative approach to attribution using sentinel types. Using these approaches the study estimated that approximately 70% of Campylobacter jejuni and just under 50% of C. coli infection in our sample was linked to the chicken source and that this was relatively stable over time. Ruminants were identified as the second most common source for C. jejuni and the most common for C. coli where there was also some evidence for pig as a source although less common than ruminant or chicken. These genomic attributions of themselves make no inference on routes of transmission. However, those infected with isolates genetically typical of chicken origin were substantially more likely to have eaten chicken than those infected with ruminant types. Consumption of lamb’s liver was very strongly associated with infection by a strain genetically typical of a ruminant source. These findings support consumption of these foods as being important in the transmission of these infections and highlight a potentially important role for lamb’s liver consumption as a source of Campylobacter infection. Antimicrobial resistance was predicted from genomic data using a pipeline validated by Public Health England and using BIGSdb software. In C. jejuni this showed a nine-fold increase in resistance to fluoroquinolones from 1997 to 2018. Tetracycline resistance was also common, with higher initial resistance (1997) and less substantial change over time. Resistance to aminoglycosides or macrolides remained low in human cases across all time periods. Among C. jejuni food animal isolates, fluoroquinolone resistance was common among isolates from chicken and substantially less common among ruminants, ducks or pigs. Tetracycline resistance was common across chicken, duck and pig but lower among ruminant origin isolates. In C. coli resistance to all four antimicrobial classes rose from low levels in 1997. The fluoroquinolone rise appears to have levelled off earlier and among animals, levels are high in duck as well as chicken isolates, although based on small sample sizes, macrolide and aminoglycoside resistance, was substantially higher than for C. jejuni among humans and highest among pig origin isolates. Tetracycline resistance is high in isolates from pigs and the very small sample from ducks. Antibiotic use following diagnosis was relatively high (43.4%) among respondents in the human surveillance study. Moreover, it varied substantially across sites and was highest among non-elderly adults compared to older adults or children suggesting opportunities for improved antimicrobial stewardship. The study also found evidence for stable lineages over time across human and source animal species as well as some tighter genomic clusters that may represent outbreaks. The genomic dataset will allow extensive further work beyond the specific goals of the study. This has been made accessible on the web, with access supported by data visualisation tools.
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Perlin, David S. Evaluation of Carbohydrate-Derived Fulvic Acid (CHD-FA) as a Topical Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial for Drug-Resistant Wound Infections. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada599044.

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Gupta, Aditya, Aaron Simkovich, and Deanna Hall. Sanitization of footwear and textiles for eradication of causal agents of superficial fungal infections: protocol for a systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.11.0070.

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Review question / Objective: To compile evidence and determine the utility of various methods used to sanitize footwear and textiles, and the use of novel antimicrobial materials for eradication of pathogens known to cause superficial fungal infections of the foot. Rationale: Fungal infections of the feet such as onychomycosis are common, affecting approximately 6% of the global population. There are a number of available treatment methods for onychomycosis, with topical (e.g., efinaconazole, tavaborole, ciclopirox), oral (e.g., terbinafine, itraconazole, fluconazole), or a combination of both, being the most popular. Sanitization of shoes, socks/stockings, and other textiles (as well as the feet themselves through proper hygiene) is integral to the reduction, spread, and recurrence of superficial fungal infection. The goal of the present review is to examine the currently available methods of sanitization for footwear and textiles against superficial fungal infections, and assessing which are effective or not.
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Galton, David M., and Leo L. Timms. Efficacy of Novel Antimicrobial Post-milking Teat Dip on the Rate of New Intramammary Infections with an Experimental Bacterial Challenge against Contagious Mastitis Organisms. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/ans_air-180814-1294.

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Faverjon, Céline, Angus Cameron, and Marco De Nardi. Modelling framework to quantify the risk of AMR exposure via food products - example of chicken and lettuce. Food Standards Agency, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.qum110.

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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a complex issue where microorganisms survive antimicrobial treatments, making such infections more difficult to treat. It is a global threat to public health. To increase the evidence base for AMR in the food chain, the FSA has funded several projects to collect data to monitor the trends, prevalence, emergence, spread and decline of AMR bacteria in a range of retail foods in the UK. However, this data and information from the wider literature was yet to be used to create tools to aid in the production of quantitative risk assessment to determine the risk to consumers of AMR in the food chain. To assist with this, there was a need to develop a set of modular templates of risk of AMR within foods. This sought to allow the efficient creation of reproducible risk assessments of AMR to maintain the FSA at the forefront of food safety.
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Yung, M. C. Engineering a therapeutic microbe for site-of-infection delivery of encapsulated antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1573149.

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Luer, Carl A., Catherine Walsh, Kimberly Ritchie, Laura Edsberg, Jennifer Wyffels, Vicki Luna, and Ashby Bodine. Novel Compounds From Shark and Stingray Epidermal Mucus With Antimicrobial Activity Against Wound Infection Pathogens. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada600463.

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