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Journal articles on the topic 'Antimicrobial activity/content relationship'
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Kincses, Lilla Barbara, Bettina Csaplár, and Judit Krisch. "Antiantioxidant and antimicrobial activity of herbal teas." Review on Agriculture and Rural Development 6, no. 1-2 (July 11, 2018): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/rard.2017.1-2.92-96.
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Teas made from 18 Hungarian medicinal plants were investigated for their total phenolic content and antioxidant effect as radical scavenging activity using the Folin-Ciocaltau and DPPH assays. Antimicrobial effect of the herbal teas was measured by agar diffusion method.
In total, the results showed that the smallflower hairy willowherb (Epilobium parviflorum) had the highest antioxidant effect among the plants studied. Teas made from fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and bean pods (Phaseoli legumen) have the lowest activity. Only four herbal teas showed some antimicrobial activity: the smallflower hairy willowherb (Epilobium parviflorum), common agrimony (Agrimonia eupatoria), spearmint (Mentha crispa) and bean pods. At smaller concentrations the relationship found between total phenolic content and radical scavenging activity was linear but with increasing phenol content the antioxidant activity remained the same.
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Stanković, Milan, Olgica Stefanović, Ljiljana Čomić, Marina Topuzović, Ivana Radojević, and Slavica Solujić. "Antimicrobial activity, total phenolic content and flavonoid concentrations of Teucrium species." Open Life Sciences 7, no. 4 (August 1, 2012): 664–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-012-0048-x.
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AbstractIn vitro antimicrobial activity of 21 crude extracts obtained from seven taxa of the genus Teucrium (T. chamaedrys, T. montanum, T. arduini, T. polium, T. scordium subsp. scordium, T. scordium subsp. scordioides and T. botrys) was tested against bacterial and fungal species. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined using a microdilution analysis method. Total phenolic content and flavonoid concentrations were measured spectrophotometrically. Total phenols were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and their amounts ranged from 28.49 up to 159.84 mg CA/g of extract (chlorogenic acid equivalent). The amounts of flavonoids ranged from 38.17 up to 190.45 mg RU/g of extract (rutin equivalent).The plant extracts showed greater potential of antibacterial than antifungal activity. A relationship was found between total phenolics and biological activity. The highest level of total phenols was measured in the methanol extracts, which demonstrated higher antimicrobial activity than acetone and ethyl acetate extracts. Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 appeared to be the most sensitive organism. Our results indicate that Teucrium spp extracts are rich sources of phenolic compounds and are promising candidates for further development as natural antimicrobial agents.
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Essaidi, Ismahen, Ahmed Snoussi, Hayet Ben Haj Koubaier, Hervé Casabianca, and Nabiha Bouzouita. "Effect of acid hydrolysis on alizarin content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Rubia tinctorum extracts." Pigment & Resin Technology 46, no. 5 (September 4, 2017): 379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-11-2015-0116.
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Purpose The paper aims to analyse the effect of acid hydrolysis on the chemical composition and the biological activities of Rubia tinctorum collected from the south of Tunisia. It proposes to clarify the relationship between alizarin content and the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Rubia extract. Design/methodology/approach The paper opted for analytical tools (HPLC) and the in-vitro study of biological activities, namely, the antioxidant activity which is evaluated using the radical scavenging assay (ABTS) and ferric reducing power assay (FRAP); the antimicrobial activity is tested using the wells agar diffusion method. Findings The paper provides information about the positive effect of acid hydrolysis, namely, the enhancement of alizarin content in the extract which has increased its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Originality/value This paper fulfils an identified need to study the relationship between the chemical composition, biological activities and colour enhancement.
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Lawton II, James K., and Renu B. Kumar. "Characterization of water-types and their influence on the antimicrobial proper-ties of Kombucha ferments against bacteria and yeast." Fine Focus 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/ff.2.1.39-49.
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Understanding the relationships between diet, gut microflora, and health is an increasingly important area of research. Recent studies have demonstrated that Kombucha tea provides variable antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microbes. In this study, we tested Kombucha tea for antimicrobial activity against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as yeast, using an agar diffusion method. Standard zone of inhibition assays were used to test the hypothesis that variance in antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans may be due to the varying levels of cations, like Ca2+, found in different water-types (well water, artesian water, city water, type-II water and distilled water). Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES) results indicated that high cationic (Ca2+, Mg2+, and Na+) content water (well water) resulted in the largest zone of inhibition against S. aureus, with a 12.3% difference when compared to low cationic content water (type-II water). E. coli maintained a constant zone of inhibition regardless of water-type or batch-type, while C. albicans showed no zones of inhibition. Inhibition is either through a synergistic relationship with the pH conditions, the other cations present (Mg2+, Na+, Si, etc.) or a mix of both, as pH in the range of 4.5 - 3 is not enough to inhibit the growth of S. aureus. These results indicate that a direct relationship exists between cationic concentrations of water used to prepare Kombucha, and antibacterial activity against S. aureus, due to the improved fermentation of the tea with high concentrations of cations. Strong antimicrobial potential exists, particularly against S. aureus, which may be useful in determining novel approaches to synthesize antimicrobial drugs. Further study is needed to assess other S. aureus strains, as well as to determine how this relationship translates to human microbiota interactions and their microbial metabolic profiles.
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Siqueira, Clarissa Fernanda de Queiroz, Daniela Lyra Vasconcelos Cabral, Tadeu José da Silva Peixoto Sobrinho, Elba Lúcia Cavalcanti de Amorim, Joabe Gomes de Melo, Thiago Antônio de Sousa Araújo, and Ulysses Paulino de Albuquerque. "Levels of Tannins and Flavonoids in Medicinal Plants: Evaluating Bioprospecting Strategies." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/434782.
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There are several species of plants used by traditional communities in the Brazilian semiarid. An approach used in the search for natural substances that possess therapeutic value is ethnobotany or ethnopharmacology. Active substances that have phenolic groups in their structure have great pharmacological potential. To establish a quantitative relationship between the species popularly considered to be antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and antidiarrheal, the contents of tannins and flavonoids were determined. The plant selection was based on an ethnobotanical survey conducted in a community located in the municipality of Altinho, northeastern Brazil. For determination of tannin content was utilized the technique of radial diffusion, and for flavonoids, an assay based on the complexation of aluminum chloride. The group of plants with antimicrobial indications showed a higher content of tannins compared to the control groups. The results evidence suggests a possible relationship between these compounds and the observed activity.
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Naghadian Moghadam, Mohadese, and elahe mahmoodi. "Investigation of protein content and the relationship between enzymatic activity and antimicrobial effect of Iranian honey samples." Food Science and Technology 18, no. 114 (August 1, 2021): 319–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/fsct.18.114.319.
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LASLO, Éva, and Zoltán Attila KÖBÖLKUTI. "Total Phenol Content and Antimicrobial Activity of Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) from Several Areas in the Eastern Carpathians." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 9, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb9110035.
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This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity and the total phenol content of Vaccinium vitis idaea L. berry fruit from five different localities with distinct growth sites in the Eastern Carpathians. The antibacterial effect of lingonberry was studied on nine selected Gram-positive and negative, foodborne, illness causing and spoilage bacteria. The total phenol content was estimated by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The present results showed stronger antibacterial effect of lingonberry on Gram-negative bacteria, especially on Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The total phenol content varied between 3.72 and 2.1 mM GAE/ml. As data suggested, Vaccinium vitis-idaea fruits originating from different geographic regions and environment, differ from each other in terms of bioactive compound quantity and activity. In the selection of new perspective cultivars of lingonberry, the geographical origin of fruits must be considered. Two Step Cluster analysis detected relatively well supported relationship between samples provided from similar growth sites. Correlation analysis showed no correlation between altitude, phenol content and antimicrobial activity.
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Locock, Katherine E. S. "Bioinspired Polymers: Antimicrobial Polymethacrylates." Australian Journal of Chemistry 69, no. 7 (2016): 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch16047.
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Naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides have been honed by evolution over millions of years to give highly safe and efficacious antimicrobials that form part of many organisms’ immune systems. By studying these peptides to identify key aspects of structure and composition, suitable synthetic polymer mimics can be designed that hold potential as anti-infective agents. This review focusses on an important aspect of peptide mimicry, that of replicating the chemical functionality provided by key amino acids present in antimicrobial peptides. These include polymethacrylate mimics of arginine-rich and tryptophan-rich peptides. Systematic investigation of the structure–activity relationships of these polymers identifies the guanidine based poly(methylmethacrylate-co-2-guanidinoethyl methacrylate) (pMMA-co-GEMA) copolymers with low molecular weight and low methyl content as having superior activity profiles when compared with all other combinations. Unique antibiofilm activity of these polymers is also revealed in in vitro testing against monomicrobial and polymicrobial biofilms of the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and the fungus Candida albicans. This highlights Mother Nature as an important resource in drug development and identifies the arginine-mimicking polymethacrylates as important leads for the development of a new generation of antimicrobial agents to tackle resistance.
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Ranković, Branislav, Darko Ranković, Marijana Kosanić, and Danijela Marić. "Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the lichens Anaptychya ciliaris, Nephroma parile, Ochrolechia tartarea and Parmelia centrifuga." Open Life Sciences 5, no. 5 (October 1, 2010): 649–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-010-0043-z.
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AbstractThe aim of this study was to characterize the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the methanol extracts of: Anaptychya ciliaris, Nephroma parile, Ochrolechia tartarea and Parmelia centrifuga. The methanol extract of the P. centrifuga showed a strong antioxidant activity, in comparison to the extracts from A. ciliaris, O. tartarea and N. parile which were relatively weaker. Furthermore, the methanol extract of the lichen P. centrifuga was shown to contain the highest total phenol content (54.19 mg/g of the dry extract). Interestingly, a statistically significant positive relationship between the antioxidant activity and the total phenol content was observed. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against six bacterial and eleven fungi was established for the methanol extracts from each of species of lichens. The methanol extracts of the lichens P. centrifuga and O. tartarea showed the strongest both antibacterial and antifungal activity. Taken together, the results from this study suggest that the lichens P. centrifuga and O. tartarea may be used as a natural source of antioxidants in addition to providing certain antimicrobial features.
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Ananta, I. Gusti Bagus Teguh, and Dewa Gede Anom Anjasmara. "Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potency of Red Chillies Extract (Capsicum annum var. Longum)." Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento 8, no. 1 (March 29, 2022): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36733/medicamento.v8i1.3170.
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Chili (Capsicum annum var. Longum) is a horticultural plant that is widely used as raw material for the food and pharmaceutical industry. Generally, chili fruit contains phenolic chemical compounds of flavonoid and capcaisinoid compounds. Bioactive compounds in chili such as phenols, flavonoids and capsaicinoid have a positive relationship to antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Capsicum annum var. Longum contains secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins and saponins. The total phenol content is 0.81% (807.76 mg GAE/100 g). The total content of flavonoids is 5.64% (5646.08 mg QE/100 g). Antioxidant activity was carried out using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method with an IC50 value of 505.35 ppm. Antibacterial activity was carried out by disc diffusion method with the growth inhibition of Escherichia coli bacteria of 8.56 mm and Staphylococcus aureus of 3.55 mm.
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Cashman-Kadri, Samuel, Patrick Lagüe, Ismail Fliss, and Lucie Beaulieu. "Determination of the Relationships between the Chemical Structure and Antimicrobial Activity of a GAPDH-Related Fish Antimicrobial Peptide and Analogs Thereof." Antibiotics 11, no. 3 (February 23, 2022): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11030297.
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The structure–activity relationships and mode of action of synthesized glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)-related antimicrobial peptides were investigated. Including the native skipjack tuna GAPDH-related peptide (SJGAP) of 32 amino acid residues (model for the study), 8 different peptide analogs were designed and synthesized to study the impact of net charge, hydrophobicity, amphipathicity, and secondary structure on both antibacterial and antifungal activities. A net positive charge increase, by the substitution of anionic residues or C-terminal amidation, improved the antimicrobial activity of the SJGAP analogs (minimal inhibitory concentrations of 16–64 μg/mL), whereas the alpha helix content, as determined by circular dichroism, did not have a very definite impact. The hydrophobicity of the peptides was also found to be important, especially for the improvement of antifungal activity. Membrane permeabilization assays showed that the active peptides induced significant cytoplasmic membrane permeabilization in the bacteria and yeast tested, but that this permeabilization did not cause leakage of 260 nm-absorbing intracellular material. This points to a mixed mode of action involving both membrane pore formation and targeting of intracellular components. This study is the first to highlight the links between the physicochemical properties, secondary structure, antimicrobial activity, and mechanism of action of antimicrobial peptides from scombrids or homologous to GAPDH.
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Rungsa, Prapenpuksiri, Steve Peigneur, Nisachon Jangpromma, Sompong Klaynongsruang, Jan Tytgat, and Sakda Daduang. "In Silico and In Vitro Structure–Activity Relationship of Mastoparan and Its Analogs." Molecules 27, no. 2 (January 16, 2022): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27020561.
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Antimicrobial peptides are an important class of therapeutic agent used against a wide range of pathogens such as Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Mastoparan (MpVT) is an α-helix and amphipathic tetradecapeptide obtained from Vespa tropica venom. This peptide exhibits antibacterial activity. In this work, we investigate the effect of amino acid substitutions and deletion of the first three C-terminal residues on the structure–activity relationship. In this in silico study, the predicted structure of MpVT and its analog have characteristic features of linear cationic peptides rich in hydrophobic and basic amino acids without disulfide bonds. The secondary structure and the biological activity of six designed analogs are studied. The biological activity assays show that the substitution of phenylalanine (MpVT1) results in a higher antibacterial activity than that of MpVT without increasing toxicity. The analogs with the first three deleted C-terminal residues showed decreased antibacterial and hemolytic activity. The CD (circular dichroism) spectra of these peptides show a high content α-helical conformation in the presence of 40% 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE). In conclusion, the first three C-terminal deletions reduced the length of the α-helix, explaining the decreased biological activity. MpVTs show that the hemolytic activity of mastoparan is correlated to mean hydrophobicity and mean hydrophobic moment. The position and spatial arrangement of specific hydrophobic residues on the non-polar face of α-helical AMPs may be crucial for the interaction of AMPs with cell membranes.
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Kowalczewski, Przemysław Łukasz, Dominika Radzikowska, Eva Ivanišová, Artur Szwengiel, Miroslava Kačániová, and Zuzanna Sawinska. "Influence of Abiotic Stress Factors on the Antioxidant Properties and Polyphenols Profile Composition of Green Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 2 (January 8, 2020): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21020397.
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The influence of stress factors on the plant can, on the one hand, lead to worse functioning of the plant and loss of its crop, but on the other, it can have a positive effect on the metabolism of compounds with documented biological activity. In this study, the effect of light and drought intensity on photosynthetic activity and physiological status of two barley varieties, as well as the antimicrobial, antioxidant properties and profile of polyphenolic compounds of green barley were analysed. It was shown that under the conditions of water shortage, the KWS Olof variety showed a smaller decrease in CO2 assimilation and transpiration and higher values of these parameters at both light intensities. Only in the KWS Olof variety increased stress as a result of increased light intensity. It has also been shown that both the intensity of radiation and drought-related stress have a significant impact on the profile of polyphenolic compounds from green barley, without a simple relationship between the impact of stress factors on the content of polyphenols. Changes in the profile of polyphenolic compounds augmented the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the material. This, in turn, proposes the possibility of reducing the applied doses of herbal material thanks to a greater content of active substances in extracts obtained from the plants used to produce medicinal preparations.
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Sitaram, Narasimhaiah, Korrapati Purna Sai, Shashi Singh, Krishnan Sankaran, and Ramakrishnan Nagaraj. "Structure-Function Relationship Studies on the Frog Skin Antimicrobial Peptide Tigerinin 1: Design of Analogs with Improved Activity and Their Action on Clinical Bacterial Isolates." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 46, no. 7 (July 2002): 2279–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.46.7.2279-2283.2002.
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ABSTRACT Structure-function relationships in antimicrobial peptides have been extensively investigated in order to obtain improved analogs. Most of these studies have targeted either α-helical peptides or β-sheet peptides with multiple disulfide bridges. Tigerinins are short, nonhelical antimicrobial peptides with a single disulfide bridge. In this study, we have synthesized several analogs of tigerinin 1 with an aim to understand the structural basis of activity as well as improve its activity. The studies demonstrate that the loop structure of tigerinin 1 is essential for its optimal activity. However, linearization with increased cationic charges can compensate for loss of loop structure to some extent. Morphology of the cells after treatment with the active analogs shows extensive leakage of cytoplasmic contents. Tigerinin 1 and two of its analogs exhibit impressive activity against a variety of clinical bacterial isolates.
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Luchian, C. E., E. C. Scutaraşu, L. C. Colibaba, V. V. Cotea, L. Vlase, and A. M. Toiu. "Evaluation of byproducts from the wine-making industry by identification of bioactive compounds." BIO Web of Conferences 12 (2019): 04007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/20191204007.
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Byproducts obtained after wine production constitute an important source for the extraction of antioxidant compounds. Phenolic compounds showed a wide spectrum of biological actions for the human health, often associated with neuroprotective, cardioprotective, antimicrobial and other health-related effects. The aim of the present study was to determine the phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity of grape marc from selected grapes from Iaşi vineyard. The total phenolic content of the extracts was measured using the Folin-Ciocâlteu method, with some modifications. The DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay was used to evaluate radical scavenging activity, by bleaching of purple methanolic solution of the stable radical. All extracts were able to reduce DPPH radical with different degrees of scavenging activity. The highest radical scavenging activity was determined for the extract obtained from Merlot and Fetească Neagră (98.142 μg/mL, and 115.78 μg/mL respectively), with positive correlation between scavenging activity on DPPH and total phenolic content. The total phenolic content varied among the analysed extracts, with a higher concentration in extracts obtained from Merlot, Fetească Neagră and Traminer rosé (2.42 GAE/mL, 1.45 GAE/mL and 1.24 GAE/mL respectively), followed by Sauvignon Blanc and Muscat Ottonel extracts with comparable amounts. The FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) method relies on the color change of a complex with Fe+3 ion of the 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl) – 1,3,5-triazine (TPTZ) radical due to the reduction of the ferric ion to the ferrous iron (Fe+2) in this complex. The highest radical scavenging activity was determined in the extract obtained from Merlot and Fetească Neagră (1164.22 μM Trolox/100 mL and 782.09 μM Trolox/100 mL respectively), a positive correlation between scavenging activity determined by FRAP method and total phenolic content being observed.Statistical analysis showed a close relationship between content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity, the marc of Merlot and Fetească Neagră had the highest contents of anthocyanins. The results suggested that grape pomace may be exploited as antioxindant source.
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Brudzynski, Katrina. "Effect of hydrogen peroxide on antibacterial activities of Canadian honeys." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 52, no. 12 (December 1, 2006): 1228–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w06-086.
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Honey is recognized as an efficacious topical antimicrobial agent in the treatment of burns and wounds. The antimicrobial activity in some honeys depends on the endogenous hydrogen peroxide content. This study was aimed to determine whether honey's hydrogen peroxide level could serve as a honey-specific, activity-associated biomarker that would allow predicting and assessing the therapeutic effects of honey. Using a broth microdilution assay, I analyzed antibacterial activities of 42 Canadian honeys against two bacterial strains: Escherichia coli (ATCC 14948) and Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633). The MIC90 and MIC50 were established from the dose-response relationship between antibacterial activities and honey concentrations. The impact of H2O2 on antibacterial activity was determined (i) by measuring the levels of H2O2 before and after its removal by catalase and (ii) by correlating the results with levels of antibacterial activities. Canadian honeys demonstrated moderate to high antibacterial activity against both bacterial species. Both MIC90 and MIC50 revealed that the honeys exhibited a selective growth inhibitory activity against E. coli, and this activity was strongly influenced by endogenous H2O2 concentrations. Bacillus subtilis activity was marginally significantly correlated with H2O2 content. The removal of H2O2 by catalase reduced the honeys' antibacterial activity, but the enzyme was unable to completely decompose endogenous H2O2. The 25%-30% H2O2 "leftover" was significantly correlated with the honeys' residual antibacterial activity against E. coli. These data indicate that all Canadian honeys exhibited antibacterial activity, with higher selectivity against E. coli than B. subtilis, and that these antibacterial activities were correlated with hydrogen peroxide production in honeys. Hydrogen peroxide levels in honey, therefore, is a strong predictor of the honey's antibacterial activity.Key words: honey, antibacterial activity, hydrogen peroxide, catalase, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis.
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Bargan, Alexandra, Mihaela Dorina Onofrei, Iuliana Stoica, Florica Doroftei, Simona Dunca, and Anca Filimon. "Materials Based on Quaternized Polysulfones with Potential Applications in Biomedical Field: Structure–Properties Relationship." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 9 (April 25, 2022): 4721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094721.
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Starting from the bactericidal properties of functionalized polysulfone (PSFQ) and due to its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and performance in various field, cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), as well as their blends (PSFQ/CAP and PSFQ/PVA), have been tested to evaluate their applicative potential in the biomedical field. In this context, because the polymer processing starts from the solution phase, in the first step, the rheological properties were followed in order to assess and control the structural parameters. The surface chemistry analysis, surface properties, and antimicrobial activity of the obtained materials were investigated in order to understand the relationship between the polymers’ structure–surface properties and organization form of materials (fibers and/or films), as important indicators for their future applications. Using the appropriate organization form of the polymers, the surface morphology and performance, including wettability and water permeation, were improved and controlled—these being the desired and needed properties for applications in the biomedical field. Additionally, after antimicrobial activity testing against different bacteria strains, the control of the inhibition mechanism for the analyzed microorganisms was highlighted, making it possible to choose the most efficient polymers/blends and, consequently, the efficiency as biomaterials in targeted applications.
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Bargan, Alexandra, Mihaela Dorina Onofrei, Iuliana Stoica, Florica Doroftei, Simona Dunca, and Anca Filimon. "Materials Based on Quaternized Polysulfones with Potential Applications in Biomedical Field: Structure–Properties Relationship." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 9 (April 25, 2022): 4721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094721.
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Starting from the bactericidal properties of functionalized polysulfone (PSFQ) and due to its excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and performance in various field, cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), as well as their blends (PSFQ/CAP and PSFQ/PVA), have been tested to evaluate their applicative potential in the biomedical field. In this context, because the polymer processing starts from the solution phase, in the first step, the rheological properties were followed in order to assess and control the structural parameters. The surface chemistry analysis, surface properties, and antimicrobial activity of the obtained materials were investigated in order to understand the relationship between the polymers’ structure–surface properties and organization form of materials (fibers and/or films), as important indicators for their future applications. Using the appropriate organization form of the polymers, the surface morphology and performance, including wettability and water permeation, were improved and controlled—these being the desired and needed properties for applications in the biomedical field. Additionally, after antimicrobial activity testing against different bacteria strains, the control of the inhibition mechanism for the analyzed microorganisms was highlighted, making it possible to choose the most efficient polymers/blends and, consequently, the efficiency as biomaterials in targeted applications.
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Yapi, Paulin A., and Irène A. Kouadio. "Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Palm Kernel Oils Extracted from Varieties Dura and Tenera of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) and the Relationship to Their Chemical Composition." Journal of Food Studies 9, no. 1 (December 11, 2020): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jfs.v9i1.17071.
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The investigation of the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of palm kernel oils extracted from varieties Dura (oil D) and Tenera (oil T) of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) and the relationship to their chemical composition were carried out in this study. The results obtained show that oil D had the greatest antimicrobial activity. The analysis of gas chromatographic coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) showed that this oil D contained in addition to the lauric acid, the undecylenic acid which both possess antimicrobial activity. This undecylenic acid was not identified in oil T. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and the Fe3+ reduction test (FRAP) used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the palm kernel oils had showed that oil T had the greatest antioxidant activity with a concentration inhibiting 50% of the reaction (IC50%) of 750 mg/L. It was also noted that, this oil T had also the highest contents in polyphenols, α-tocopherol and sterols with predominance of β-sitosterol. Moreover, the β-sitosterol is known to possess a regulatory role of the immune system.The findings of this study provide thus, useful information which may help customers to make the best choice in the consumption of these oils.
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Krzepiłko, Anna, Roman Prażak, and Agata Święciło. "Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Raspberry, Blackberry and Raspberry-Blackberry Hybrid Leaf Buds." Molecules 26, no. 2 (January 10, 2021): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26020327.
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In our investigation, the chemical composition and bioactive potential of leaf buds of raspberry, blackberry, and a raspberry-blackberry hybrid were determined. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties were tested in water (W), ethanol-water (EW), and glycerol-water (GW) extracts from the buds. These plant organs contain relatively large amounts of minerals, especially Fe. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) measured by the ABTS and DPPH methods ranged from 2.86 to 12.19 and 6.75 to 24.26 mmol per 100 g fresh weight (FW) of buds, respectively. TAC values were generally higher in the raspberry than in the case of blackberry and raspberry-blackberry hybrid extracts. The antioxidant properties of the extracts were strongly positively correlated with their content of total phenolic (TP). No such relationship was noted for ascorbic acid (AA), whose concentration in all extracts was at a similarly low level. Antioxidant properties determined in vitro were confirmed for the GW extract from raspberry leaf buds in biological test based on the growth parameters of Δsod1Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant cells in hypertonic medium. The extracts also exhibited strong antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis and weaker against Enterobacter aerogenes. The studied leaf buds could be therefore an unconventional source of minerals, natural antioxidants and antibacterial compounds with potential applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries.
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Krzepiłko, Anna, Roman Prażak, and Agata Święciło. "Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Raspberry, Blackberry and Raspberry-Blackberry Hybrid Leaf Buds." Molecules 26, no. 2 (January 10, 2021): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26020327.
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In our investigation, the chemical composition and bioactive potential of leaf buds of raspberry, blackberry, and a raspberry-blackberry hybrid were determined. Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties were tested in water (W), ethanol-water (EW), and glycerol-water (GW) extracts from the buds. These plant organs contain relatively large amounts of minerals, especially Fe. The total antioxidant capacity (TAC) measured by the ABTS and DPPH methods ranged from 2.86 to 12.19 and 6.75 to 24.26 mmol per 100 g fresh weight (FW) of buds, respectively. TAC values were generally higher in the raspberry than in the case of blackberry and raspberry-blackberry hybrid extracts. The antioxidant properties of the extracts were strongly positively correlated with their content of total phenolic (TP). No such relationship was noted for ascorbic acid (AA), whose concentration in all extracts was at a similarly low level. Antioxidant properties determined in vitro were confirmed for the GW extract from raspberry leaf buds in biological test based on the growth parameters of Δsod1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant cells in hypertonic medium. The extracts also exhibited strong antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis and weaker against Enterobacter aerogenes. The studied leaf buds could be therefore an unconventional source of minerals, natural antioxidants and antibacterial compounds with potential applications in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetics industries.
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Escamilla-García, Monserrat, Andrea Reyes-Basurto, Blanca García-Almendárez, Elvia Hernández-Hernández, Georgina Calderón-Domínguez, Giovanna Rossi-Márquez, and Carlos Regalado-González. "Modified Starch-Chitosan Edible Films: Physicochemical and Mechanical Characterization." Coatings 7, no. 12 (December 7, 2017): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings7120224.
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Starch and chitosan are widely used for preparation of edible films that are of great interest in food preservation. This work was aimed to analyze the relationship between structural and physical properties of edible films based on a mixture of chitosan and modified starches. In addition, films were tested for antimicrobial activity against Listeria innocua. Films were prepared by the casting method using chitosan (CT), waxy (WS), oxidized (OS) and acetylated (AS) corn starches and their mixtures. The CT-starches films showed improved barrier and mechanical properties as compared with those made from individual components, CT-OS film presented the lowest thickness (74 ± 7 µm), water content (11.53% ± 0.85%, w/w), solubility (26.77% ± 1.40%, w/v) and water vapor permeability ((1.18 ± 0.48) × 10−9 g·s−1·m−1·Pa−1). This film showed low hardness (2.30 ± 0.19 MPa), low surface roughness (Rq = 3.20 ± 0.41 nm) and was the most elastic (Young’s modulus = 0.11 ± 0.06 GPa). In addition, films made from CT-starches mixtures reduced CT antimicrobial activity against L. innocua, depending on the type of modified starch. This was attributed to interactions between acetyl groups of AS with the carbonyl and amino groups of CT, leaving CT with less positive charge. Interaction of the pyranose ring of OS with CT led to increased OH groups that upon interaction with amino groups, decreased the positive charge of CT, and this effect is responsible for the reduced antimicrobial activity. It was found that the type of starch modification influenced interactions with chitosan, leading to different films properties.
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Taşkın, Turgut, Yeliz Akkılıç, Berna Özbek Çelik, İsmail Şenkardeş, and Özlem B. Özakpınar. "Investigation of the Biological Activities of Different Extracts from Dipsacus laciniatus Aerial Parts." Natural Products Journal 10, no. 1 (February 3, 2020): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210315509666181214153533.
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Background: The aerial parts of Dipsacus laciniatus are traditionally used in the treatment of colds as cold tea; decoction prepared from its roots and aerial parts are used for the treatment of diabetes and cancer, respectively. The extraction procedures and solvents are important steps in the processing of bioactive constituents from the plant materials. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticholinesterase and cytotoxic activities for the first time in plant’s different extracts. Methods: The antioxidant activities of extracts were examined using FRAP and CUPRAC methods, including total phenolic and flavonoids contents. In addition, the antimicrobial, anticholinesterase and cytotoxic activities of extracts were investigated using microdilution, Ellman and MTT methods, respectively. Results: In the present study, methanol extract showed stronger iron (III) ion reduction (FRAP) and copper (II) ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) than other extracts and also contained higher total phenolic and flavonoid compounds. It was also found that there was a linear relationship between antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds in this study. It was demonstrated that the chloroform and methanol extracts showed moderate antimicrobial activity against S. epidermidis and C. albicans strains. The chloroform extract had a strong and selective cytotoxic activity for the MCF-7 and HT-29 cell lines, while the methanol extract showed low cytotoxic activity on the same cell lines. In addition, according to the obtained data, chloroform extract showed a toxic effect on normal cell line (NIH/3T3), but other extracts showed no toxic effect. Conclusion: Since methanol extract has no toxic effect on normal cell line and has strong antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antimicrobial activity, it is thought that this extract may be useful as an antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antimicrobial agents in the future.
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Malm, Anna, Agnieszka Grzegorczyk, Anna Biernasiuk, Tomasz Baj, Edward Rój, Katarzyna Tyśkiewicz, Agnieszka Dębczak, Mariusz Jerzy Stolarski, Michał Krzyżaniak, and Ewelina Olba-Zięty. "Could Supercritical Extracts from the Aerial Parts of Helianthus salicifolius A. Dietr. and Helianthus tuberosus L. Be Regarded as Potential Raw Materials for Biocidal Purposes?" Agriculture 11, no. 1 (December 26, 2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11010010.
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Extracts from the June collection of aerial parts of Helianthus salicifolius A. Dietr and Helianthus tuberosus L. were obtained using carbon dioxide supercritical fluid extraction with water as co-solvent. The antimicrobial effect in vitro of these extracts was then determined against reference species of bacteria, as well as against fungi (represented by Candida spp.). Both extracts were found to possess antimicrobial activity, with MIC = 0.62–5 mg mL−1 for bacteria and MIC = 5–10 mg mL−1 for yeasts, and both extracts demonstrated suitable bactericidal and fungicidal effect. The highest activity was observed against S. aureus ATCC 29213 (MIC = 0.62 mg mL−1 for H. salicifolius extract; MIC = 2.5 mg mL−1 for H. tuberosus extract) as confirmed by time–kill assay. Higher antioxidant activity was found for H. tuberosus extract (EC50 = 0.332 mg mL−1) as compared to that of H. salicifolius (EC50 = 0.609 mg mL−1). The total polyphenol content (TPC) expressed as gallic acid equivalents (GAE) was 13.75 ± 0.50 mg GAE g−1 of H. salicifolius extract and 33.06 ± 0.80 mg GAE g−1 of H. tuberosus extract. There was a relationship between the antioxidant potential of both extracts and TPC, but not between antistaphylococcal activity and TPC. The ATIR–FTIR spectra of both extracts showed similar main vibrations of the functional groups typical for phytoconstituents possessing bioactivity. The obtained data suggest potential application of these extracts as natural antioxidants and preparations with biocidal activity. Additionally, both extracts may be regarded as potential natural conservants in cosmetics, as well as natural preservatives in food.
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Oliveira, Hélder, Patrícia Correia, Lucinda J. Bessa, Marta Guimarães, Paula Gameiro, Victor de Freitas, Nuno Mateus, Luís Cruz, and Iva Fernandes. "Cyanidin-3-glucoside Lipophilic Conjugates for Topical Application: Tuning the Antimicrobial Activities with Fatty Acid Chain Length." Processes 9, no. 2 (February 12, 2021): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9020340.
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Background: Natural anthocyanins present a low solubility in lipophilic media, which compromises their effective application in lipophilic systems. In this work, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (Cy3glc) was esterified by the addition of fatty acids with increasing chain-lengths and a structure-activity relationship was performed towards the description of the best analog for skin-care applications. Methods: By enzymatic hemi-synthesis, it was possible to obtain 5 structurally related derivatives of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside with successive C2 increments in the aliphatic chain. The stability in hanks buffer and DMEM with or without FBS was followed by HPLC. The cytotoxicity against keratinocytes was evaluated by MTT assay. The antioxidant capacity was determined by using the fluorescent probe DCF-DA. The effect on enzyme activity was evaluated towards tyrosinase, collagenase, and elastase enzymes by colorimetric assays. MIC and MBC values were obtained against reference strains and against multidrug-resistant isolates. Results: In physiological conditions, cy3glc−fatty acid derivatives are more stable and may be converted to the native anthocyanin. The 5 conjugates showed lower antioxidant capacity and enzymatic inhibitory activities in comparison to the anthocyanin precursor. However, concerning the antibacterial activity, the insertion of a fatty acid chain sprouted the antibacterial activity, showing a clear biphasic effect and a more effective effect on Gram-positive bacteria. Conclusions: Cy3glc-C10 was the most effective compound considering the antimicrobial activity, although a general reduction was observed among the other activities evaluated. This work prompt further assays with a different panoply of derivatives ranging other features including saturation vs. unsaturation, even vs. odd carbon content and linear vs. branched.
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Chi, Hoang Kim, Tran Thi Hong Ha, Le Huu Cuong, Tran Thi Nhu Hang, Nguyen Dinh Tuan, Le Thi Hong Nhung, and Le Mai Huong. "ANTIMICROBIAL, CYTOTOXIC AND HEMOLYTIC ACTIVITIES OF MARINE ALGAE-ASSOCIATED FUNGAL ISOLATES IN VIETNAM." Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ biển 18, no. 4 (March 15, 2019): 406–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/1859-3097/18/4/13660.
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In the context of sources for natural products discovery are going scarcer, exploiting biotechnologically potential compounds from marine microbial symbionts is considered a relatively new trend. In our study a total of fifteen fungal strains were isolated from marine algal samples belonging to species Kappaphycus cottonii, K. striatus, Gracilaria eucheumatoides and Betaphycus gelatinus collected in Nha Trang in 2017. The in vitro biological activities, including antimicrobial, cytotoxic and hemolytic activities of ethyl acetate extracts of the fungal strains were determined. From fifteen fungal extracts, six displayed antimicrobial activity against at least one test strain. At 20 μg.ml-1, four fungal extracts were found to express cytotoxic activity on two human cancer cell lines hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep-G2) and breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7), with G. eucheumatoides being the source of the highest number of producer strains. Hemolytic activity was observed in rabbit erythrocytes under almost all fungal extracts’ effect. No apparent relationship was observed between the biological activities of fungal isolates. The biological assessments uncovered several fungal candidates, such as Bge-1.1, Kco-2.1 and Geu-1.1 with relatively potent antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities while expressing less hemolytic effect at concentrations from 20 μg.ml-1 to 200 μg.ml-1. The results evidenced the potential of exploiting natural products from associated marine microorganisms, especially those for the purpose of pharmaceutical applications.
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Zielinski, Acácio A. F., Charles W. I. Haminiuk, and Trust Beta. "Evaluation of the Phenolics and in vitro Antioxidant Activity of Different Botanical Herbals Used for Tea Infusions in Brazil." Current Nutrition & Food Science 15, no. 4 (June 28, 2019): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401313666171020114727.
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Background: The consumption of herbal teas has gained much attention due to its healthpromoting benefits, including antioxidant, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, antitumor, and antiinflammatory effects. These biological activities are associated in part to the antioxidant activity of chemical compounds present in teas, especially flavonoids and phenolic acids. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate a total of 17 different botanical herbal infusions consumed in Brazil in terms of their phenolic antioxidants. Methods: The analysis performed were total phenolic compounds, total flavonoids, total flavonols, tannin content and in vitro antioxidant activity (DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC, FRAP, and ORAC assays). Data were processed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis (hierarchical cluster analysis). Results: The use of Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) suggested an unsupervised classification relationship based on level of functionality of the herbal teas. Higher levels of total phenolics, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity were found in Anemopaegma mirandum while higher values of tannin content and total flavonols were found in Peumus boldus. All antioxidant activity assays showed significant correlations among each other (r > 0.84, p < 0.001), and with total phenolic and flavonoids (r > 0.83, p < 0.001). Using HCA, three clusters were suggested and cluster 1 showed the highest functionality. Conclusion: The herbal infusions evaluated can be a good resource of bioactive compounds to consume and supplementing food products. Nevertheless, future studies should focus on the evaluation of these herbal teas using in vivo systems to understand the mechanisms of action when these different herbal infusions are used as beverages.
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Samotrueva, M. A., A. A. Ozerov, A. A. Starikova, N. M. Gabitova, D. V. Merezhkina, A. A. Tsibizova, and I. N. Tyurenkov. "ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY STUDY OF NEW QUINAZOLIN-4(3H)-ONES AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE." Pharmacy & Pharmacology 9, no. 4 (September 8, 2021): 318–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.19163/2307-9266-2021-9-4-318-329.
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Quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives exhibiting a wide spectrum of a pharmacological activity, represent a promising class of substances used to obtain antibacterial agents, which is especially important in the context of the emergence of pathogenic microorganisms’ resistance to drugs used in medicine. It has been proved that compounds having a naphthyl radical in the molecule, as well as an amide group bound to the benzene ring as quinazolinone substituents, are characterized by a pronounced antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae.The aim of the research is a primary microbiological screening of the in vitro antimicrobial activity of new quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae, as well as the assessment of the relationship between the pharmacological effect and the structural transformation of the substance molecule, lipophilicity and the possibility of forming resistance to them.Materials and methods. The experimental studies have been carried out using well-known nosocomial pathogens of infectious and inflammatory diseases Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae by a serial dilution method.Results. A compound containing a naphthyl radical in its structure, which contributes to an increase in the hydrophobicity of the substance and its solubility in the membrane of a bacterial cell, has a bacteriostatic effect against both Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. A similar pharmacological effect is exhibited by a derivative with an amide group as a substituent of the quinazolinone nucleus linked to a phenyl radical, which probably contributes to an increase in the degree of binding to active sites of enzymes involved in the DNA replication, and protein synthesis. Obviously, the increased lipophilicity, which promotes better binding to the efflux protein, cannot serve as objective characteristics of the emergence possibility of the pathogen’s resistance to this substance.Conclusion. Among the synthesized compounds, the leading substances that exhibit an antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumonia, have been identified. The assessment of the chemical structure made it possible to substantiate their pharmacological action and draw conclusions about the possibility of developing resistance to it in microbial cells.
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Jamil, Ahmad Shobrun, and Mujahidin Ahmad. "Predictive Pharmacological Activity of Galangal Rhizome (Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd.) Through in Silico Analysis as an Effort to Accelerate The Research of Indonesian Medicinal Plants." El-Hayah 7, no. 4 (September 15, 2020): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18860/elha.v7i4.10819.
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Indonesia has high biodiversity, especially plant species. There are many benefits that can be Obtained from various plants that grow in Indonesia, one of which is as a health supplement or medicinal raw material. Fast researches are important in the use of these plants so that bio-based products can be widely accepted. One of the important fast methods in analysing the benefits of plant chemical compounds is the in-silico prediction utilizing metadata spread over various pages providing scientific data about plants, their chemical compound content and biological activity. This study was focused on predictively observing the biological activity of the compounds in the rhizome of Alpinia galanga. The research method is by analysing metadata from various sources. Data on the content of chemical compounds can be accessed through the page https://phytochem.nal.usda.gov/, classification of metabolite compounds contained in plants using http://classyfire.wishartlab.com/, prediction of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) uses http://www.swissadme.ch/, to determine the relationship between plant compounds and body proteins, http://www.swisstargetprediction.ch/ and prediction of cellular mechanisms seen through https://string-db.org. Based on in silico analysis by utilizing some of the above software, it can be seen that the rhizome of the Alpinia galangal plant has 80 active compounds, 47 have high bioavailability and 9 compounds with tight cell proteins. Based on in silico exploration, it is also known that A. galangal has potential as an antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-cancer and various other pharmacological activities
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Rapone, Irene, Vincenzo Taresco, Valerio Di Lisio, Antonella Piozzi, and Iolanda Francolini. "Silver- and Zinc-Decorated Polyurethane Ionomers with Tunable Hard/Soft Phase Segregation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11 (June 7, 2021): 6134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22116134.
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Segmented polyurethane ionomers find prominent applications in the biomedical field since they can combine the good mechanical and biostability properties of polyurethanes (PUs) with the strong hydrophilicity features of ionomers. In this work, PU ionomers were prepared from a carboxylated diol, poly(tetrahydrofuran) (soft phase) and a small library of diisocyanates (hard phase), either aliphatic or aromatic. The synthesized PUs were characterized to investigate the effect of ionic groups and the nature of diisocyanate upon the structure–property relationship. Results showed how the polymer hard/soft phase segregation was affected by both the concentration of ionic groups and the type of diisocyanate. Specifically, PUs obtained with aliphatic diisocyanates possessed a hard/soft phase segregation stronger than PUs with aromatic diisocyanates, as well as greater bulk and surface hydrophilicity. In contrast, a higher content of ionic groups per polymer repeat unit promoted phase mixing. The neutralization of polymer ionic groups with silver or zinc further increased the hard/soft phase segregation and provided polymers with antimicrobial properties. In particular, the Zinc/PU hybrid systems possessed activity only against the Gram-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis while Silver/PU systems were active also against the Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The herein-obtained polyurethanes could find promising applications as antimicrobial coatings for different kinds of surfaces including medical devices, fabric for wound dressings and other textiles.
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Medeiros, Igor Ucella Dantas de, Jailane de Souza Aquino, Natália Sufiatti de Holanda Cavalcanti, Ana Regina Nascimento Campos, Angela Maria Tribuzy de Magalhães Cordeiro, Karla Suzanne Florentino da Silva Chaves Damasceno, and Roberta Targino Hoskin. "Characterization and functionality of fibre-rich pomaces from the tropical fruit pulp industry." British Food Journal 122, no. 3 (December 20, 2019): 813–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-07-2019-0507.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the chemical and functional composition of acerola, guava and cashew freeze-dried pomaces.Design/methodology/approachFruit pomaces were obtained from the pulp juice industrial sector and submitted to freeze-drying. Samples were analysed for composition (macronutrients, micronutrients, moisture and ash), technological attributes (morphological, hygroscopicity, retention of oil and water and solubility), bioactive compounds (total phenolics, flavonoids, proanthocyanins, anthocyanins, carotenoids and ascorbic acid), antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Total phenolics, brown pigments and antioxidant activity of thermally treated samples were evaluated. Results were presented as mean and standard deviation, and submitted to Shapiro–Wilk normality test, and ANOVA statistical significance follows by Tukey’s post hoc test (p<0.05). Also, Pearson correlation coefficients were used to test the relationship between selected parameters.FindingsGuava pomace had the highest insoluble fibre (40.6 per cent), protein (13.8 per cent) and lipid (9.3 per cent) contents and acerola higher soluble fibre (14.2 per cent) and water and oil holding capacity (12 and 5.4 g/g, respectively). Cashew pomace had higher solubility (45.3 per cent) and hygroscopicity (11.2 per cent). Acerola pomace had the highest phenolic content (5,331.7 mg AGE/100 g), DPPH and oxygen radical absorbance capacity antioxidant activity (63.3 and 756.6 µmol TE/g). Despite of that none of extracts showed antibacterial activity. All pomaces presented good antioxidant activity retention after thermal treatments (> 70 per cent), which might be correlated to thermally induced brown pigments.Originality/valueThis investigation was motivated by the large amounts of pomaces produced by the fruit pulp and juice processing industries, which represents a waste of residual phytochemicals and cause potential environmental problems. Overall, it was demonstrated that freeze-dried acerola, guava and cashew pomaces are promising ingredients for multiple food applications.
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Aguiar, Joselin, João L. Gonçalves, Vera L. Alves, and José S. Câmara. "Relationship between Volatile Composition and Bioactive Potential of Vegetables and Fruits of Regular Consumption—An Integrative Approach." Molecules 26, no. 12 (June 15, 2021): 3653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123653.
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In recent years, there has been a growing interest in studying and exploring the potential health benefits of foods, mainly from vegetables and fruits from regular intake. The presence of secondary metabolites, namely polyphenols, carotenoids and terpenes, in certain food matrices seems to contribute to their functional properties, expressed through an increased prevention in the development of certain chronic diseases, namely coronary heart diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer and diabetes. However, some foods’ volatile secondary metabolites also present important bioactive properties, although this is a poorly scientifically explored field. In this context, and in order to explore the potential bioactivity of volatile metabolites in different vegetables and fruits from regular consumption, the volatile composition was established using a green extraction technique, solid phase microextraction in headspace mode (HS-SPME), combined with gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 320 volatile metabolites, comprising 51 terpenic compounds, 45 organosulfur compounds, 31 aldehydes, 37 esters, 29 ketones, 28 alcohols, 23 furanic compounds, 22 hydrocarbons, 19 benzene compounds, 13 nitrogenous compounds, 9 carboxylic acids, 7 ethers, 4 halogenated compounds and 3 naphthalene derivatives, were positively identified. Each investigated fruit and vegetable showed a specific volatile metabolomic profile. The obtained results revealed that terpenic compounds, to which are associated antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities, are the most predominant chemical family in beetroot (61%), orange carrot (58%) and white carrot (61%), while organosulfur compounds (antiviral activity) are dominant in onion, garlic and watercress. Broccoli and spinach are essentially constituted by alcohols and aldehydes (enzyme-inhibition and antimicrobial properties), while fruits from the Solanaceae family are characterized by esters in tamarillo and aldehydes in tomato.
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Xiong, Yan Q., Kasturi Mukhopadhyay, Michael R. Yeaman, Jill Adler-Moore, and Arnold S. Bayer. "Functional Interrelationships between Cell Membrane and Cell Wall in Antimicrobial Peptide-Mediated Killing of Staphylococcus aureus." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 49, no. 8 (August 2005): 3114–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.49.8.3114-3121.2005.
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ABSTRACT Perturbation of the Staphylococcus aureus cytoplasmic membrane (CM) is felt to play a key role in the microbicidal mechanism of many antimicrobial peptides (APs). However, it is not established whether membrane permeabilization (MP) alone is sufficient to kill susceptible staphylococci or if the cell wall (CW) and/or intracellular targets contribute to AP-induced lethality. We hypothesized that the relationships between MP and killing may differ for distinct APs. In this study, we investigated the association between AP-induced MP and lethality in S. aureus whole cells versus CW-free protoplasts, and in comparison to the MP of liposomes modeled after whole CMs in terms of phospholipid composition, fluidity and charge. Four APs with different structure-activity relationships were examined: thrombin-induced platelet microbicidal protein 1 (tPMP-1), human neutrophil protein 1 (hNP-1), gramicidin D, and polymyxin B. MP was quantified fluorometrically by calcein release. All APs tested, except polymyxin B, caused concentration-dependent MP and killing of whole cells, but not of protoplasts. The reduced AP susceptibility of protoplasts was associated with increased cardiolipin and lysyl-phosphatidylglycerol content and reduced fluidity of their CMs. However, liposomal MP induced by tPMP-1, hNP-1, and gramicidin D paralleled that of whole cells. Collectively, these results indicate that (i) structurally distinct APs likely exert their staphylocidal effects by differing mechanisms, (ii) MP is not the sole event leading to AP-induced staphylocidal activity, (iii) a complex interrelationship exists between the CM and CW in AP-induced killing, and (iv) liposomes modeled upon whole cell or protoplast CMs can recapitulate the respective susceptibilities to killing by distinct APs.
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Hastuti, Utami Sri, Sulisetijono Sulisetijono, Dwi Rahmawati, Ria Yustika Sari, Sugi Hartono, Chomisatut Thoyibah, Fitria Maulita, Faiza Nur Imawati Ningsih, and Siti Hartina Pratiwi. "Identification and Histological Observation of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Medicinal Plant, Physalis angulata L." HAYATI Journal of Biosciences 28, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.4308/hjb.28.2.130.
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Some endophytic fungi species live in medicinal plant tissue and does not make any damage, but live in symbiotic mutualism relationship with the host plant. This research was done to: 1) identify the endophytic fungi species isolated from P. angulata leaf, twig, and stem bark tissues, 2) determine the endophytic fungi colonization in the P. angulata plant tissue by histologic observation. The endophytic fungi was isolated from healthy P. angulata plant parts, then inoculated on Potato Dextrose Agar medium and incubated in 27°C for 7-14 days. Each endophytic fungi isolates were identified. The histologic observation was done by microscopic observation to determine the endophytic fungi position in the plant tissue. The conclusion are: 1) seven endophytic fungi species were found: Penicillium verrucosum, Colletotrichum alienum, Fusarium subglutinans, Aspergillus nidulans, Mycelia sterilia 1, Mycelia sterilia 2, and Rhizoctonia sp.; 2) the endophytic fungi micelium was found on the leaf epidermis cell wall, on the twig epidermis cell wall, and parenchyma cell wall, on the stem bark epidermis cell wall. The suggestion of the study: it is need to make the next research about secondary metabolites content produced by endophytic fungi species isolated from P. angulata and their antimicrobial activity.
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Zhang, Weibo, Shuang Wang, Shaohua Ge, Jialong Chen, and Ping Ji. "The relationship between substrate morphology and biological performances of nano-silver-loaded dopamine coatings on titanium surfaces." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 4 (April 2018): 172310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.172310.
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Biomedical device-associated infection (BAI) and lack of osseointegration are the main causes of implant failure. Therefore, it is imperative for implants not only to depress microbial activity and biofilm colonization but also to prompt osteoblast functions and osseointegration. As part of the coating development for implants, the interest of in vitro studies on the interaction between implant substrate morphology and the coating's biological performances is growing. In this study, by harnessing the adhesion and reactivity of bioinspired polydopamine, nano-silver was successfully anchored onto micro/nanoporous as well as smooth titanium surfaces to analyse the effect of substrate morphology on biological performances of the coatings. Compared with the smooth surface, a small size of nano-silver and high silver content was found on the micro/nanoporous surface. More mineralization happened on the coating on the micro/nanoporous structure than on the smooth surface, which led to a more rapid decrease of silver release from the micro/nanoporous surface. Antimicrobial tests indicated that both surfaces with resulting coating inhibit microbial colonization on them and growth around them, indicating that the coating eliminates the shortcoming of the porous structure which render the implant extremely susceptible to BAI. Besides, the multiple osteoblast responses of nano-silver-loaded dopamine coatings on both surfaces, i.e. attachment, proliferation and differentiation, have deteriorated, however the mineralized surfaces of these coatings stimulated osteoblast proliferation and differentiation, especially for the micro/nanoporous surface. Therefore, nano-silver-loaded dopamine coatings on micro/nanoporous substratum may not only reduce the risk of infection but also facilitate mineralization during the early post-operative period and then promote osseointegration owing to the good osteoblast-biocompatibility of the mineralized surface. These results clearly highlight the influence of the substrate morphology on the biological performances of implant coating.
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Landeka, Viktor, Harun Kurtagić, Jovica Pažin, and Edita Sarić. "Determination of honey quality in the context of physico-chemical and microbiological data in Bosnia and Herzegovina." Hrvatski časopis za prehrambenu tehnologiju, biotehnologiju i nutricionizam 16, no. 1-2 (June 1, 2021): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31895/hcptbn.16.1-2.10.
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The aim of this study was to examine the correlation of the obtained results and the overall quality of honey by testing some physico-chemical and microbiological parameters of honey quality. The quality of honey is determined by it’s organoleptic, biological, physicochemical and microbiological properties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between physico-chemical properties and microbiological properties and for the purpose of determining honey quality. Samples were submitted by honey producers in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) in 2018. A total of 14 samples of various categories of honey from different geographical areas of B&H were taken for testing. Microbiological analysis was performed for recommended microorganisms: aerobic mesophilic bacteria, bacteria from the family Enterobacteriaceae, sulfite-reducing clostridia and yeasts and molds from the guidelines for microbiological criteria for food in B&H (FSA B&H 2013), which is adapted to EU regulations. Of the total number of samples examined, all complied with the regulations. In 50% of the examined honeys, the presence of predominant microorganisms within the permissible deviation was recorded. The presence of yeasts and molds was found in 35% of honey samples at a concentration of 10 to 100 cfu/g, while the presence of aerobic mesophilic bacteria was recorded in 15% of the sample over a concentration of 100 cfu/g and in them 15% at a concentration of 10 to 100 cfu/g, Enterobacteriaceae and sulfito-reducing clostridia were not isolated and counted. From the physico-chemical parameters, the following were examined: the content of reducing sugars, sucrose and total sugars, electrical conductivity, the content of mineral substances, the content of free acids and the content of moisture (dry matter). All physico-chemical parameters are in accordance with the required quality of the Rulebook on honey quality (Official Gazette of B&H, 37/09). Given the very diverse complexity of honey composition, it is very difficult to say the actual source of microbiological activity of the honey samples tested in this study. Considering that the parameters of possible antimicrobial activity have not been examined and considering the obtained results, it is not possible to say with certainty whether and which of the tested physicochemical parameters affects the total microbiological activity of honey. The microbiological presence in the samples indicates the necessity of production, handling and storage of honey, according to the rules of good hygienic practice.
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AlZain, Mashail N., Abdulrahman A. AlAtar, Abdulaziz A. Alqarawi, Ramzi A. Mothana, Omar M. Noman, Rashed N. Herqash, Ebtesam S. AlSheddi, Nida N. Farshori, and Perwez Alam. "The Influence of Mycorrhizal Fungi on the Accumulation of Sennosides A and B in Senna alexandrina and Senna italica." Separations 7, no. 4 (November 25, 2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/separations7040065.
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Symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play a major role in plant development, growth, and relationships with the environment through a change in the accumulation of secondary metabolites; hence, we planned to investigate AMF’s influence on sennoside A and B accumulation in Senna alexandrina (SA) and Senna italica (SI). Seeds of SA (S. alexandrina free of mycorrhizae) and SI (S. italica free of mycorrhizae) were planted in two types of soils: +mycorrhiza and—mycorrhiza. The plant leaves of SA, SI, S. alexandrina with mycorrhizae (SAM) and S. italica with mycorrhizae (SIM) were collected and extracted (with 85% methanol), and sennoside A and B content was evaluated by the HPLC–UV method. The antioxidant activity of SA, SI, SAM and SIM was evaluated by using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) methods, while antimicrobial properties were evaluated by the minimum inhibitory concentration method (MIC). The AMF colonization was 85.66% and 85%, respectively, in the roots of SA and SI. The HPLC analysis showed a significant increase in (%) the content of sennoside A/sennoside B by 71.11/88.21, respectively, in SAM and 6.76/36.37 in SIM, which clearly indicated positive AMF effects. The DPPH/ABTS [The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50): 235.9/321.5 µg/mL] scavenging activity of SAM was comparatively higher and it also exhibited strong antibacterial action (MIC: 156.25 µg/mL), which supported the increase in sennoside content. This finding may be useful for further investigations of the symbiotic relation of mycorrhizal fungi with other plant species.
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Maulana, Dwi Mahfud. "The Dose Effect of Mangrove Leaf Extract (Rhizophora apiculata) on Anticancer Activity in HeLa Cells." Journal of Stem Cell Research and Tissue Engineering 5, no. 1 (August 26, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jscrte.v5i1.29380.
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Disease cancer caused by abnormal growth of tissue where there has been an error, fast and out of control. Judging from the fact of gender, more than 270,000 women die every year caused by cervical cancer. To inhibit the growth of cancer cells, a compound is needed that causes the cell cycle to stop so that the ability of cell proliferation decreases. Alkaloid compounds can inhibit proliferation through oxidative inhibition processes that can cause cancer. Mangrove plants have potential as anticancer, antimicrobial, and antioxidant. The content of chemical compounds found in mangroves are flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, phenolites, saponins and tannins. These compounds show high antioxidant activity and are shown to have a real relationship with the properties of the material's bioactivity against cancer cells. One of the mangrove species is Rhizophora apiculata. The purpose of this study was to determine the IC50 value produced by Rhizophora apiculata mangrove leaf extract on HeLa cell viability and to see the effect of Rhizophora apiculata mangrove leaf extract dosage on HeLa cell viability. The method used in this research is the experimental method. The research parameters included yield, proximate test, phytochemical test, toxicity test, total phenol test, cytotoxicity test and LC-MS test. The experimental design used was a simple and complex completely randomized design (CRD) with the Tukey test.The results of this study showed that the highest yield was in the ethanol extract of 5.91%, while the n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts respectively had yields of 1.18% and 1.31%. The results of the proximate test on the water content of leaves and powder were 64.53% and 13.86%, respectively, the results of the ash content in the leaves and powder of Rhizophora apiculata were 3.94% and 8.41%, respectively. while the water content in the extract obtained the highest yield in the ethanol extract of 21.42%, while the n-hexane extract and ethyl acetate extract were 11.08% and 15.42%, respectively. For phytochemical results, it was found that n-hexane extract only contained alkaloids, flavonoids and steroids. Ethyl acetate extract contains steroid compounds. Meanwhile, the ethanol extract contains the most bioactive compounds, namely saponins, flavonoids, tannins and triterpenoids. The toxicity test using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method resulted in the lowest IC50 of ethanol extract at 49.45 ppm while the n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts were 251.63 ppm and 920.45 ppm respectively. In the total phenol test, the n-hexane extract was 66.79 mg GAE / 100 gr, 222.97 mg GAE / 100 gr ethyl acetate extract and 929.04 mg GAE / 100 gr ethanol extract. HeLa cell cytotoxicity testing using the MTT method (3- (4,5-dimethiltiazol-2-yl) -2,5-dipheniltetra zolium bromide) assay resulted in the highest cell viability value at a dose of 125 ppm of 46.97%. As for the doses of 250 ppm, 500 ppm 1000 ppm, and 2000 ppm resulted in a percentage of viability of 42.95% 37.70% 35.82% and 32.12%, respectively. The IC50 value of Rhizophora apiculata leaf extract was 64.42 ppm. This value indicates that the Rhizophora apiculata extract is toxic to HeLa cells.
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Alharbi, Nada K., Souheila Naghmouchi, and Mayasar Al-Zaban. "Evaluation of Antimicrobial Potential and Comparison of HPLC Composition, Secondary Metabolites Count, and Antioxidant Activity of Mentha rotundifolia and Mentha pulegium Extracts." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (August 30, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9081536.
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In the present study, the relationship between the phenolic counts, chemical composition, and biological activities of two Mentha species (Mentha rotundifolia (MR) and Mentha pulegium (MP)) was analyzed. The characterization of the action mode against pathogenic bacteria and the inhibition of spore germination of two fungal species using prepared methanolic extracts were studied here for the first time. The obtained data highlighted the presence of positive correlation between the secondary metabolites contents and the biological activities of the investigated extracts. In fact, HPLC analysis showed that the major components in both the extracts were eriocitrin and rosmarinic acid (25 and 20 mg/ml and 12 and 8 mg/ml in methanolic extracts of MR and MP, respectively). Moreover, the MR extract was rich in polyphenols and presents the highest antioxidant activity than MP ones. In addition, both extracts possess an antimicrobial activity against four Gram-positive and five Gram-negative bacteria and one yeast species (Candida albicans) and were able to inhibit the spore germination of two fungi species (Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus). But, the significant activity was observed in the presence of MR methanolic extract. The effect of time on cell integrity of E. coli and L. monocytogenes determined by time-kill and bacteriolysis assays showed that the MR extract had a rapid bacteriolytic effect compared to the MP extract, and their capacities were significant against Gram-negative bacteria than positive ones. Based on the obtained data, it can be concluded that Saudi Mentha species have high pharmacological and industrial importance and they can be used in preparation of food or drugs.
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Lu, Yueyang, Wanchen Zou, Lei Wang, Xinping Xi, Chengbang Ma, Xiaoling Chen, Tianbao Chen, Chris Shaw, Xu Zhang, and Mei Zhou. "Kassporin-KS1: A Novel Pentadecapeptide from the Skin Secretion of Kassina senegalensis: Studies on the Structure-Activity Relationships of Site-Specific “Glycine-Lysine” Motif Insertions." Antibiotics 11, no. 2 (February 13, 2022): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11020243.
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Due to the abuse of traditional antibiotics and the continuous mutation of microbial resistance genes, microbial infections have become serious problems for human health. Therefore, novel antibacterial agents are urgently required, and amphibian antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are among the most interesting potential antibacterial leads. In this research, a novel peptide, named kassporin-KS1 (generically QUB-1641), with moderate antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, was discovered in the skin secretion of the Senegal running frog, Kassina senegalensis. Using site-specific sequence enrichment with a motif “glycine-lysine” that frequently occurs in ranid frog temporin peptides, a series of QUB-1641 analogues were synthesized, and effects on selected bioactivities were studied. The greatest activity enhancement was obtained when the “glycine-lysine” motif was located at the eighth and ninth position as in QUB-1570.QUB-1570 had a broader antibacterial spectrum than QUB-1641, and was eight-fold more potent. Moreover, QUB-1570 inhibited S. aureus biofilm most effectively, and significantly enhanced the viability of insect larvae infected with S. aureus. When the “glycine-lysine” motif of QUB-1570 was substituted to reduce the helix ratio and positive charge, the antibacterial activities of these synthetic analogues decreased. These data revealed that the “glycine-lysine” motif at positions 8 and 9 had the greatest enhancing effect on the antibacterial properties of QUB-1570 through increasing positive charge and helix content. This research may provide strategies for the site’s selective amino acid modification of some natural peptides to achieve the desired enhancement of activity.
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Алексеев, В. В., and А. Х. Каде. "Functional and correlational relationship between indexes of the metabolic activity of neutrophils and α-defensins in animals of different age groups in the dynamics of acute somatic pain." ZHurnal «Patologicheskaia fiziologiia i eksperimental`naia terapiia», no. 2() (June 8, 2020): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25557/0031-2991.2020.02.21-29.
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В последние годы все чаще встречаются штаммы микроорганизмов, устойчивые к антибиотикам. Необходим поиск новых средств, обеспечивающих надежный антибактериальный эффект. Актуальным является изучение антимикробных полипептидов. Возникает вопрос, α-дефензины активируются только при микробной атаке или существуют и иные триггеры их вовлечения в иммунологический процесс. Если исходить из того, что любая рана всегда болезненна, но не любая острая боль связана с внешним повреждением тканей, встает вопрос о возможности вовлечения нейтрофилов и α-дефензинов в долорогенный процесс как таковой. Цель работы - выявление кореляционной связи и особенностей вовлечения нейтрофилов и α-дефензинов в острый долорогенный процесс на этапах онтогенеза. Методика. Объект исследования - белые беспородные крысы 3 возрастных групп: месячные (30-35-дневные, n=36), взрослые половозрелые (2-3 месячные, n=36), старые (старше 1 года, n=36).). Каждая группа делилась на контрольную и экспериментальную подгруппы. В экспериментальных подгруппах моделировали острую соматическую боль методом электростимуляции. После болевого воздействия брали материал для исследования через 2, 30-60, 120-180 мин. Содержание α-дефензинов в сыворотке крови определяли методом иммуноферментного анализа. Для оценки микробицидной активности нейтрофилов использовали спонтанный и стимулированный НСТ - тест. Для оценки корреляционной связи между изучаемыми показателями применяли метод ранговой корреляции Спирмена. Результаты. Острая краткосрочная соматическая боль активирует кислородзависимые механизмы микробицидности нейтрофилов и приводит к увеличению уровня α-дефензинов в периферической крови. В онтогенезе реакция имеет свои особенности, но ее стандартный и непродолжительный характер очевидны. Установлена прямая корреляционная зависимость между функциональной активностью нейтрофилов и уровнем α-дефензинов в периферической крови у 30-35-дневных и 2-3-месячных животных. Заключение. Полученные данные имеют значение при разработке препаратов на основе α-дефензинов и их применении пациентами различного возраста при наличии в анамнезе острого болевого синдрома. Microorganism strains resistant to antibiotics have become more common. This fact prompts searching for new means that would provide a reliable antibacterial effect. Studying antimicrobial polypeptides is relevant. A question arises whether α-defensins are activated only during a microbial attack or there are other triggers for their involvement in the immunological process. Since any wound is always painful but acute pain is not always associated with an external injury, the question is whether neutrophils and α-defensins can be involved in the dolorogenic process as such. The aim of the study was to determine correlation and features of neutrophil and α-defensin involvement in an acute dolorogenic process at stages of ontogenesis. Methods. The study was performed on white rats divided into three age groups (30-35-day-old, 2-3-month-old, and older than one year). Each group was divided into control and experimental subgroups. In experimental subgroups, acute somatic pain was modeled by electrostimulation. Material was collected at 2, 30-60, and 120-180 min after electrostimulation. Serum content of α-defensins was measured by enzyme immunoassay. Neutrophil microbicidal activity was evaluated using the spontaneous and stimulated NBT tests. Values were compared using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test, and correlations were analyzed using the Spearman rank correlation test. Results. Acute short-term somatic pain activated oxygen-dependent mechanisms of neutrophil microbicidity and induced increased levels of α-defensins in peripheral blood. This reaction has specific features in ontogenesis but it is obviously standard and short-term. The functional activity of neutrophils was directly correlated with the level of α-defensins in peripheral blood of 30-35-day-old and 2-3-month-old animals. Conclusion. At stages of ontogenesis, oxygen-dependent neutrophil microbicidity and peripheral blood content of α-defensins increase in response to acute, short-term somatic pain. The type of response is determined by age-related features. The study results are important for development of α-defensin-based drugs and prescribing them to patients of different age with a history of acute pain.
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Tang, Jie, Hang Song, Xueting Feng, Alula Yohannes, and Shun Yao. "Ionic Liquid-Like Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Applications of Ionic Liquids in Medicinal Chemistry: Development, Status and Prospects." Current Medicinal Chemistry 26, no. 32 (November 19, 2019): 5947–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867325666180605123436.
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Background:As a new kind of green media and bioactive compounds with special structure, Ionic Liquids (ILs) are attracting much attention and applied widely in many fields. However, their roles and potential have not been fully recognized by many researchers of medicinal chemistry. Because of obvious differences from other traditional drugs and reagents, their uses and performance together with advantages and disadvantages need to be explored and reviewed in detail.Methods:For a systematic and explicit description of the relationship between ILs and medicinal chemistry, all of the contents were elucidated and summarized in a series of independent parts. In each part, it started from the research background or a conceptual framework and then specific examples were introduced to illustrate the theme. Finally, the important conclusions were drawn and its future was outlooked after the discussion about related key problems appearing in each mentioned research. Meanwhile, methodologies such as empirical analysis, comparison and induction were applied in different sections to exposit our subject.Results:The whole review was composed of five parts, and 148 papers were cited in total. Related basic information of ionic liquids was provided on the basis of representative references, including their concepts and important characters. Then 82 papers outlined ionic liquid-like active pharmaceutical ingredients, which unfolded with their major biological activities (antimicrobial activity, antibiofilm activity, antitumor activity, anticholinesterase activity and so on). Applications of ionic liquids in the synthesis of drugs and pharmaceutical intermediates were elaborated in 92 papers to illustrate the important roles of ILs and their extraordinary properties in this field. Moreover, new technologies (such as immobilization of IL, microwave reaction, solventfree synthesis, microreactor, etc) were introduced for further innovation. Finally, 26 papers were included to expound the status of the IL-assisted derivatization of various natural lead compounds.Conclusion:This review placed emphasis on chemical structures of ILs and their structureactivity relationships in a specific manner, leading to meaningful and valuable related information to some related fields and thus promotes further development and application of various ILs for medicinal chemistry. The deep exploration for key scientific problems is the driving force to propel their theoretical breakthrough and industrial production.
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Suigo, Lorenzo, Michaelle Chojnacki, Carlo Zanotto, Victor Sebastián-Pérez, Carlo De Giuli Morghen, Andrea Casiraghi, Paul M. Dunman, Ermanno Valoti, and Valentina Straniero. "Staphylococcus aureus RnpA Inhibitors: Computational-Guided Design, Synthesis and Initial Biological Evaluation." Antibiotics 10, no. 4 (April 14, 2021): 438. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10040438.
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Antibiotic resistance is spreading worldwide and it has become one of the most important issues in modern medicine. In this context, the bacterial RNA degradation and processing machinery are essential processes for bacterial viability that may be exploited for antimicrobial therapy. In Staphylococcus aureus, RnpA has been hypothesized to be one of the main players in these mechanisms. S. aureus RnpA is able to modulate mRNA degradation and complex with a ribozyme (rnpB), facilitating ptRNA maturation. Corresponding small molecule screening campaigns have recently identified a few classes of RnpA inhibitors, and their structure activity relationship (SAR) has only been partially explored. Accordingly, in the present work, using computational modeling of S. aureus RnpA we identified putative crucial interactions of known RnpA inhibitors, and we used this information to design, synthesize, and biologically assess new potential RnpA inhibitors. The present results may be beneficial for the overall knowledge about RnpA inhibitors belonging to both RNPA2000-like thiosemicarbazides and JC-like piperidine carboxamides molecular classes. We evaluated the importance of the different key moieties, such as the dichlorophenyl and the piperidine of JC2, and the semithiocarbazide, the furan, and the i-propylphenyl ring of RNPA2000. Our efforts could provide a foundation for further computational-guided investigations.
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Karas, John A., Labell J. M. Wong, Olivia K. A. Paulin, Amna C. Mazeh, Maytham H. Hussein, Jian Li, and Tony Velkov. "The Antimicrobial Activity of Cannabinoids." Antibiotics 9, no. 7 (July 13, 2020): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9070406.
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A post-antibiotic world is fast becoming a reality, given the rapid emergence of pathogens that are resistant to current drugs. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover new classes of potent antimicrobial agents with novel modes of action. Cannabis sativa is an herbaceous plant that has been used for millennia for medicinal and recreational purposes. Its bioactivity is largely due to a class of compounds known as cannabinoids. Recently, these natural products and their analogs have been screened for their antimicrobial properties, in the quest to discover new anti-infective agents. This paper seeks to review the research to date on cannabinoids in this context, including an analysis of structure–activity relationships. It is hoped that it will stimulate further interest in this important issue.
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Khmil, O. V., D. O. Khmil, L. F. Kaskova, O. V. Silkova, and S. Ch Novikova. "Microbiocenoses and the State of Local Mucosal Immunity of the Oral Cavity of Children and Adolescents with Liver Diseases." Ukraïnsʹkij žurnal medicini, bìologìï ta sportu 6, no. 5 (October 27, 2021): 316–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.26693/jmbs06.05.316.
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The purpose of the study was to study the relationship between the state of the oral cavity microbiocenosis and the level of local immunity in children and adolescents with chronic liver diseases. Materials and methods. 45 children aged 10 to 16 years, who were treated in the public utility "City Children's Clinical Dental Hospital of the Poltava City Council" were examined. All children were divided into 2 groups: the main group – children and adolescents with chronic hepatitis (n = 26) with diseases of concomitant oral mucosa and periodontal disease; control group – children of the same age without concomitant somatic pathology (n = 20). In all observation groups, the state of oral hygiene was recorded using the simplified oral hygiene index (Green-Vermillion, 1964) and the intensity of the inflammatory process in the periodontal tissues, which was assessed by the papillary-marginal-alveolar index modified by Parma (1960). The degree of dysbiosis in the oral cavity was determined using the enzymatic method of A. P. Levitsky by the ratio of the relative activity of urease and lysozyme. The state of local immunity was investigated by the level of immunoglobulins IgA, IgM, IgG and secretory immunoglobulin sIgA. Results and discussion. It was found that the majority of patients with chronic hepatitis had an unsatisfactory and even poor state of oral hygiene, according to the Green-Vermillion simplified oral hygiene index, in combination with moderate and severe gingivitis (according to the papillary-marginal-alveolar index). The most negative results were registered in children 9-13 years old. The effect of the low level of oral hygiene in children and adolescents with chronic liver diseases, which is accompanied by increased dysbiosis, was studied, which indicates a drop in the level of antimicrobial protection, suppression of local mucosal immunity, a decrease in lysozyme activity and a decrease in the content of secretory sIgA in the oral fluid. The mediated mechanism of sIgA action through the phagocyte activation system with subsequent lysis of pathogenic microorganisms is considered. Conclusion. Chronic liver diseases reliably lead to changes in the body's immunobiological reactivity, and also cause suppression of the protective mechanisms of the oral cavity and its local immunity, characterized by a decrease in the activity of lysozyme and secretory IgA in the oral fluid of sick children and adolescents
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Avato, Pinarosa, Rossella Bucci, Aldo Tava, Cesare Vitali, Antonio Rosato, Zbigniew Bialy, and Marian Jurzysta. "Antimicrobial activity of saponins fromMedicago sp.: structure-activity relationship." Phytotherapy Research 20, no. 6 (2006): 454–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1876.
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Oh, J. E., S. Y. Hong, and K. H. Lee. "Structure-activity relationship study: short antimicrobial peptides." Journal of Peptide Research 53, no. 1 (January 1999): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3011.1999.tb01615.x.
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Samoilenko, A. V., S. V. Pavlov, and I. V. Vozna. "MODERN DIAGNOSTICS METHODS OF NON-SPECIFIC PROTECTION OF PERIODONTAL TISSUES IN RESIDENTS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REGION." Ukrainian Dental Almanac, no. 2 (June 26, 2020): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.31718/2409-0255.2.2020.02.
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The aim of the article is to study the peculiarities of antimicrobial immunity of the oral cavity of the industrial region’s inhabitants in order to optimize special preventive programs of major dental diseases.
The object and research methods. 178 patients was examined from 21 to 50 years old, who turned to the University Dental Center of Zaporizhzhia State Medical University. The study group consisted of 126 patients with generalized periodontitis of the initial (8), I (32), II (68) and III (18) degree of chronic course, complicated by harmful factors of manufacturing. The comparison group consisted of 32 patients with periodontitis (5), I (10), II (11) and III (6) degrees who did not work in adverse conditions. The control group consisted of 20 relatively healthy individuals aged from 19 to 25 years without signs of generalized periodontitis.
To study the factors of local immunity of the oral cavity, oral fluid was collected from each examined person, which was obtained without stimulation, spitting into sterile tubes. Then the oral fluid was centrifuged for 15 minutes at 8,000 rpm. The supernatant part of the oral liquid was poured into plastic tubes and stored at 30°C. The quantitative determination of markers in the oral fluid was performed by standard enzyme immunoassay kits according to the instructions of the "Lactoferrin-strip" ("VectorBest") manufacturers. The result was expressed in mµg / ml. The content of cathelicidin LL-37 was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using NycultBiotechhuman LL-37 ELISA (Netherlands) firm reagent kit-manufacturers. The result was expressed in µg / ml. Statistica 13.0 licensed number JPZ804I382130ARCN10-J was used to process the results.
The results of the study and their discussion. The hygienic condition in the examined patients of the study group was assessed as unsatisfactory: from 2.24 ± 0.5 to 2.99 ± 0.47 points depending on the age and length of service at the enterprise, but the PI and SBI values were increased.
It was found, that the lactoferrin level in the oral fluid was higher in the all patients with periodontitis, than the same index in comparison with healthy control group and consistently increased with increasing severity of the process. In the patients’ study group, working in hazardous conditions of production, the lactoferrin content has increased in the oral fluid relative to the level of the healthy patients was more pronounced in comparison with the patients, suffering of periodontal tissue disease, but do not work in harmful manufacturing conditions. Increased lactoferrin in the oral fluid in the steelmaking workers can be considered as a means of compensation, that provides protection of the oral mucosa from colonization of microorganisms.
In the steel industry workers, a statistically significant cathelicidin content decrease in the oral fluid was observed compared to healthy control patients’ group. In the clinical group of the patients without adverse factors of production, the cathelicidin’s concentration in the oral fluid was also reduced.
The increasing level of lactoferrin in the oral fluid in parallel with the cathelicidin’s decrease in saliva are markers of the inflammatory phase, as well as the destructive phase of connective tissue.
Conclusions. Thus, our observations have established a direct relationship between the lactoferrin’s concentration in the oral fluid and the severity of periodontal tissue diseases and the feedback between the cathelicidin’s content in the oral liquid and the activity of the pathological process.
The determination of lactoferrin and cathelicidin in the oral fluid of the patients with harmful manufacturing factors allow us to identify the signs of pathological process in the oral cavity.
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Mahboubi, Mohadese, Nastaran Kazempour, and Atefeh Mahboubi. "Total Phenolic Content, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity ofSambacus nigraL." Journal of Biologically Active Products from Nature 2, no. 5 (January 2012): 275–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/22311866.2012.10719135.
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Sieniawska, Elwira, Tomasz Baj, Renata Los, Krystyna Skalicka-Wozniak, Anna Malm, and Kazimierz Glowniak. "Phenolic acids content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity ofLigusticum mutellinaL." Natural Product Research 27, no. 12 (June 2013): 1108–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2012.698413.
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