Academic literature on the topic 'Antimicrobial activity/content relationship'
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Journal articles on the topic "Antimicrobial activity/content relationship"
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Kincses, Lilla Barbara, Bettina Csaplár, and Judit Krisch. "Antiantioxidant and antimicrobial activity of herbal teas." Review on Agriculture and Rural Development 6, no. 1-2 (July 11, 2018): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/rard.2017.1-2.92-96.
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Teas made from 18 Hungarian medicinal plants were investigated for their total phenolic content and antioxidant effect as radical scavenging activity using the Folin-Ciocaltau and DPPH assays. Antimicrobial effect of the herbal teas was measured by agar diffusion method.
In total, the results showed that the smallflower hairy willowherb (Epilobium parviflorum) had the highest antioxidant effect among the plants studied. Teas made from fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) and bean pods (Phaseoli legumen) have the lowest activity. Only four herbal teas showed some antimicrobial activity: the smallflower hairy willowherb (Epilobium parviflorum), common agrimony (Agrimonia eupatoria), spearmint (Mentha crispa) and bean pods. At smaller concentrations the relationship found between total phenolic content and radical scavenging activity was linear but with increasing phenol content the antioxidant activity remained the same.
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Stanković, Milan, Olgica Stefanović, Ljiljana Čomić, Marina Topuzović, Ivana Radojević, and Slavica Solujić. "Antimicrobial activity, total phenolic content and flavonoid concentrations of Teucrium species." Open Life Sciences 7, no. 4 (August 1, 2012): 664–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-012-0048-x.
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AbstractIn vitro antimicrobial activity of 21 crude extracts obtained from seven taxa of the genus Teucrium (T. chamaedrys, T. montanum, T. arduini, T. polium, T. scordium subsp. scordium, T. scordium subsp. scordioides and T. botrys) was tested against bacterial and fungal species. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined using a microdilution analysis method. Total phenolic content and flavonoid concentrations were measured spectrophotometrically. Total phenols were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and their amounts ranged from 28.49 up to 159.84 mg CA/g of extract (chlorogenic acid equivalent). The amounts of flavonoids ranged from 38.17 up to 190.45 mg RU/g of extract (rutin equivalent).The plant extracts showed greater potential of antibacterial than antifungal activity. A relationship was found between total phenolics and biological activity. The highest level of total phenols was measured in the methanol extracts, which demonstrated higher antimicrobial activity than acetone and ethyl acetate extracts. Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 appeared to be the most sensitive organism. Our results indicate that Teucrium spp extracts are rich sources of phenolic compounds and are promising candidates for further development as natural antimicrobial agents.
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Essaidi, Ismahen, Ahmed Snoussi, Hayet Ben Haj Koubaier, Hervé Casabianca, and Nabiha Bouzouita. "Effect of acid hydrolysis on alizarin content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Rubia tinctorum extracts." Pigment & Resin Technology 46, no. 5 (September 4, 2017): 379–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-11-2015-0116.
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Purpose The paper aims to analyse the effect of acid hydrolysis on the chemical composition and the biological activities of Rubia tinctorum collected from the south of Tunisia. It proposes to clarify the relationship between alizarin content and the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Rubia extract. Design/methodology/approach The paper opted for analytical tools (HPLC) and the in-vitro study of biological activities, namely, the antioxidant activity which is evaluated using the radical scavenging assay (ABTS) and ferric reducing power assay (FRAP); the antimicrobial activity is tested using the wells agar diffusion method. Findings The paper provides information about the positive effect of acid hydrolysis, namely, the enhancement of alizarin content in the extract which has increased its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Originality/value This paper fulfils an identified need to study the relationship between the chemical composition, biological activities and colour enhancement.
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Lawton II, James K., and Renu B. Kumar. "Characterization of water-types and their influence on the antimicrobial proper-ties of Kombucha ferments against bacteria and yeast." Fine Focus 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33043/ff.2.1.39-49.
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Understanding the relationships between diet, gut microflora, and health is an increasingly important area of research. Recent studies have demonstrated that Kombucha tea provides variable antimicrobial activity against pathogenic microbes. In this study, we tested Kombucha tea for antimicrobial activity against various Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as yeast, using an agar diffusion method. Standard zone of inhibition assays were used to test the hypothesis that variance in antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans may be due to the varying levels of cations, like Ca2+, found in different water-types (well water, artesian water, city water, type-II water and distilled water). Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES) results indicated that high cationic (Ca2+, Mg2+, and Na+) content water (well water) resulted in the largest zone of inhibition against S. aureus, with a 12.3% difference when compared to low cationic content water (type-II water). E. coli maintained a constant zone of inhibition regardless of water-type or batch-type, while C. albicans showed no zones of inhibition. Inhibition is either through a synergistic relationship with the pH conditions, the other cations present (Mg2+, Na+, Si, etc.) or a mix of both, as pH in the range of 4.5 - 3 is not enough to inhibit the growth of S. aureus. These results indicate that a direct relationship exists between cationic concentrations of water used to prepare Kombucha, and antibacterial activity against S. aureus, due to the improved fermentation of the tea with high concentrations of cations. Strong antimicrobial potential exists, particularly against S. aureus, which may be useful in determining novel approaches to synthesize antimicrobial drugs. Further study is needed to assess other S. aureus strains, as well as to determine how this relationship translates to human microbiota interactions and their microbial metabolic profiles.
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Siqueira, Clarissa Fernanda de Queiroz, Daniela Lyra Vasconcelos Cabral, Tadeu José da Silva Peixoto Sobrinho, Elba Lúcia Cavalcanti de Amorim, Joabe Gomes de Melo, Thiago Antônio de Sousa Araújo, and Ulysses Paulino de Albuquerque. "Levels of Tannins and Flavonoids in Medicinal Plants: Evaluating Bioprospecting Strategies." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/434782.
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There are several species of plants used by traditional communities in the Brazilian semiarid. An approach used in the search for natural substances that possess therapeutic value is ethnobotany or ethnopharmacology. Active substances that have phenolic groups in their structure have great pharmacological potential. To establish a quantitative relationship between the species popularly considered to be antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and antidiarrheal, the contents of tannins and flavonoids were determined. The plant selection was based on an ethnobotanical survey conducted in a community located in the municipality of Altinho, northeastern Brazil. For determination of tannin content was utilized the technique of radial diffusion, and for flavonoids, an assay based on the complexation of aluminum chloride. The group of plants with antimicrobial indications showed a higher content of tannins compared to the control groups. The results evidence suggests a possible relationship between these compounds and the observed activity.
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Naghadian Moghadam, Mohadese, and elahe mahmoodi. "Investigation of protein content and the relationship between enzymatic activity and antimicrobial effect of Iranian honey samples." Food Science and Technology 18, no. 114 (August 1, 2021): 319–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.52547/fsct.18.114.319.
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LASLO, Éva, and Zoltán Attila KÖBÖLKUTI. "Total Phenol Content and Antimicrobial Activity of Lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) from Several Areas in the Eastern Carpathians." Notulae Scientia Biologicae 9, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nsb9110035.
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This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity and the total phenol content of Vaccinium vitis idaea L. berry fruit from five different localities with distinct growth sites in the Eastern Carpathians. The antibacterial effect of lingonberry was studied on nine selected Gram-positive and negative, foodborne, illness causing and spoilage bacteria. The total phenol content was estimated by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The present results showed stronger antibacterial effect of lingonberry on Gram-negative bacteria, especially on Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The total phenol content varied between 3.72 and 2.1 mM GAE/ml. As data suggested, Vaccinium vitis-idaea fruits originating from different geographic regions and environment, differ from each other in terms of bioactive compound quantity and activity. In the selection of new perspective cultivars of lingonberry, the geographical origin of fruits must be considered. Two Step Cluster analysis detected relatively well supported relationship between samples provided from similar growth sites. Correlation analysis showed no correlation between altitude, phenol content and antimicrobial activity.
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Locock, Katherine E. S. "Bioinspired Polymers: Antimicrobial Polymethacrylates." Australian Journal of Chemistry 69, no. 7 (2016): 717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch16047.
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Naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides have been honed by evolution over millions of years to give highly safe and efficacious antimicrobials that form part of many organisms’ immune systems. By studying these peptides to identify key aspects of structure and composition, suitable synthetic polymer mimics can be designed that hold potential as anti-infective agents. This review focusses on an important aspect of peptide mimicry, that of replicating the chemical functionality provided by key amino acids present in antimicrobial peptides. These include polymethacrylate mimics of arginine-rich and tryptophan-rich peptides. Systematic investigation of the structure–activity relationships of these polymers identifies the guanidine based poly(methylmethacrylate-co-2-guanidinoethyl methacrylate) (pMMA-co-GEMA) copolymers with low molecular weight and low methyl content as having superior activity profiles when compared with all other combinations. Unique antibiofilm activity of these polymers is also revealed in in vitro testing against monomicrobial and polymicrobial biofilms of the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and the fungus Candida albicans. This highlights Mother Nature as an important resource in drug development and identifies the arginine-mimicking polymethacrylates as important leads for the development of a new generation of antimicrobial agents to tackle resistance.
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Ranković, Branislav, Darko Ranković, Marijana Kosanić, and Danijela Marić. "Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the lichens Anaptychya ciliaris, Nephroma parile, Ochrolechia tartarea and Parmelia centrifuga." Open Life Sciences 5, no. 5 (October 1, 2010): 649–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-010-0043-z.
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AbstractThe aim of this study was to characterize the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the methanol extracts of: Anaptychya ciliaris, Nephroma parile, Ochrolechia tartarea and Parmelia centrifuga. The methanol extract of the P. centrifuga showed a strong antioxidant activity, in comparison to the extracts from A. ciliaris, O. tartarea and N. parile which were relatively weaker. Furthermore, the methanol extract of the lichen P. centrifuga was shown to contain the highest total phenol content (54.19 mg/g of the dry extract). Interestingly, a statistically significant positive relationship between the antioxidant activity and the total phenol content was observed. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against six bacterial and eleven fungi was established for the methanol extracts from each of species of lichens. The methanol extracts of the lichens P. centrifuga and O. tartarea showed the strongest both antibacterial and antifungal activity. Taken together, the results from this study suggest that the lichens P. centrifuga and O. tartarea may be used as a natural source of antioxidants in addition to providing certain antimicrobial features.
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Ananta, I. Gusti Bagus Teguh, and Dewa Gede Anom Anjasmara. "Antioxidant and Antibacterial Potency of Red Chillies Extract (Capsicum annum var. Longum)." Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento 8, no. 1 (March 29, 2022): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36733/medicamento.v8i1.3170.
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Chili (Capsicum annum var. Longum) is a horticultural plant that is widely used as raw material for the food and pharmaceutical industry. Generally, chili fruit contains phenolic chemical compounds of flavonoid and capcaisinoid compounds. Bioactive compounds in chili such as phenols, flavonoids and capsaicinoid have a positive relationship to antioxidant and antimicrobial activity. Capsicum annum var. Longum contains secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, tannins and saponins. The total phenol content is 0.81% (807.76 mg GAE/100 g). The total content of flavonoids is 5.64% (5646.08 mg QE/100 g). Antioxidant activity was carried out using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method with an IC50 value of 505.35 ppm. Antibacterial activity was carried out by disc diffusion method with the growth inhibition of Escherichia coli bacteria of 8.56 mm and Staphylococcus aureus of 3.55 mm.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Antimicrobial activity/content relationship"
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Beaugendre, Camille. "Caractérisation des résines de Calophyllum inophyllum L. : approches déréplicatives pour la recherche de composés antimicrobiens." Thesis, Université Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP5067.
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Sterby, Mia. "Dissecting the Structure-Activity Relationship of Hairpinin, a Plant Derived Antimicrobial Peptide." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för farmakognosi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-226582.
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Antibiotic resistance is a growing health issue that necessitates development of alternative drugs with antimicrobial properties. Antimicrobial peptides are a promising group of compounds in this respect and are used by all varieties of living organisms to defend against invading or competing organisms. Hairpinin is an antimicrobial peptide isolated from Echinochloa crus-galli that has previously been found to have antifungal activity. In this study, truncated variants of hairpinin were synthesized and their antifungal activity tested against Candida albicans, Aspergillus fumigatus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae to identify the minimum structural element of hairpinin required for maintained activity. Hairpinin was active against all three fungi with a minimum inhibitory concentration ranging between 0.6 μM - 5 μM depending on strain and growth media. Two truncated versions were synthesized in this study by solid-phase peptide synthesis, also resulting in a dimer of one of the derivatives, and their antifungal activity was assessed together with four other truncated peptides previously synthesized. The findings indicated that hairpinins C-terminal end together with an inflexible central part stabilized by at least one disulfide bond was vital for activity. The mechanism of action in which hairpinin inhibits fungi was examined by liposome leakage assay of Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae model membranes. It was concluded that the mechanism of action did not involve membrane disruption, a common mechanism among similar antimicrobial peptides. Although hairpinin displayed potent antifungal activity, it was found to be proteolytically unstable in serum. To improve hairpinins value in pharmaceutical context stability has to be improved while preserving the important structural elements.
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Griffin, Shane G., of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, and of Science Technology and Agriculture Faculty. "Aspects of antimicrobial activity of terpenoids and the relationship to their molecular structure." THESIS_FSTA_XXX_Griffin_S.xml, 2000. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/243.
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Although the antomicrobial nature of essential oils and their major constituents, the terpenoids, has been widely investigated the mechanism of their antimicrobial action has not been subject to the same scrutiny. In this study the membrane disruptive nature of the terpenoids has been determined by experiments on the effects of terpenes on both microbial membrane and model lipid bilayer systems. These terpenes exhibited a range of membrane damaging effects. Experiments showed that the terpenoids were able to increase disorder in DPPC bilayers, and that antimicrobially active terpenoids cause increased membrane permeability in living cells. The effect of molecular structure on antimicrobial activity and activity differences between each organism were determined for 60 terpenoids. Terpenoids with a low water solubility were found to be inactive. Hydrogen bond donor capacity and hydrogen bond acceptor capacity were found to be the molecular parameters which most strongly discriminated between activities against individual organisms. Activity against Gram negative Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was associated also with a molecular size parameter. The protective nature of the outer membrane of P. aeruginosa and E. coli was also investigated. The evidence presented in this thesis has enabled the postulation of a two stage process to explain the overall mode of action of these compounds.Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
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Griffin, Shane. "Aspects of antimicrobial activity of terpenoids and the relationship to their molecular structure /." View thesis View thesis, 2000. http://library.uws.edu.au/adt-NUWS/public/adt-NUWS20030429.142248/index.html.
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Sathekge, Ntshakga Rinah. "Comparison of secondary metabolite content and antimicrobial activity of four Hypoxis species used in traditional medicine." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25775.
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Hypoxis (commonly known as African potato, Ilabatheka, Inkomfe, sterretjie or yellow starflowers and also as monna wa maledu or thitidi) is a genus of the family Hypoxidaceae. The rootstocks of Hypoxis species, particularly H. hemerocallidea, are well-known to be used in traditional medicine for the treatment of different ailments, such as urinary tract infection, epilepsy, prostate cancer and onset diabetes. Several visits have been made to the Faraday Medicinal Market and Abey Bailey Nature Reserve in Johannesburg to determine the availability of Hypoxis plant materials. From these visits, it was discovered that different Hypoxis species are harvested and sold as the same plant commonly referred to as the African potato, and the treatment with these plants might be questionable as the secondary metabolites might differ. This was proven when a number of rootstocks bought from the medicinal market grew into plants showing distinct morphological differences when planted at the Agricultural Research Council (Roodeplaat, Pretoria). It is possible that the plants sold are used as the substitutes for the commonly main plant, which is H. hemerocallidea and a reality is that many of the problems related to the quality of medicinal plants are based on the substitution of the declared plants and when the substitution occurs the quality of the plants becomes compromised leading to the risks of public health. It is however, not known whether the substitution is done deliberately or unintentionally since the outward morphology of Hypoxis species are not the same except their bright yellow flowers. The similarity within these species is on their underground rootstock. The dosage and toxicity of plant preparations is extremely important and, therefore adulteration is a concern where plant preparations are taken orally and the information about the plants used not being accurate. The aim of this study was to compare the secondary metabolite content of four Hypoxis species namely, H. acuminata, H. hemerocallidea, H. iridifolia and H. rigidula Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) were used to analyze the secondary metabolite content of the plant extracts. Differences were also noted as one green compound was observed only in H. acuminata and H. rigidula. The HPLC results showed major differences in retention time in fresh material. The antibacterial activity of extracts of all four Hypoxis species showed similar results, although the activity differed amongst the microorganisms. The species showed high level of antioxidant activity that increased with increasing concentration in all four Hypoxis species. The species also showed no toxicity when tested in vitro on Vero cells however, they seemed to be toxic to cancer cells (Hela cells) but with a higher concentration. Hypoxoside was isolated and identified as the purple colour band on the TLC fingerprint and was confirmed in all the species. It might be possible to replace or substitute different Hypoxis species for H. hemerocallidea for medicinal use as the chromatograms of the other three species correlate well with the chromatograms of H. hemerocallidea after storage.Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Plant Science
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Barber, Megan Marie. "2,4-Disubstituted Quinazolines with Antileishmanial or Antibacterial Activity." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5840.
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Herein 47 2,4-disubstituted quinazolines were synthesized and tested against Leishmania donovani intracellular amastigotes. A structure-activity relationship was conducted and lead to the identification of quinazolines with EC50s in the single digit and high nanomolar range with favorable antileishmanial selectivity indexes. Quinazoline 2.6 and 2.31 underwent in vivo efficacy studies in murine models of visceral leishmaniasis, reducing liver parasitemia by 12 % and 24 %, respectively, when given by the intraperitoneal route at 15 mg/kg/day x 5 days. The antileishmanial efficacy and easy of synthesis make the 2,4-disubstituted quinazoline compound series a suitable platform for the future development of antileishmanial agents.
A similar series of 50 N2,N4-disubstituted quinazoline-2,4-diamines has also been synthesized and tested against multi-drug resistant strains of Acinetobacter baumannii. Quinazolines with MICs in the single digit micromolar range were identified within the structure-activity relationship. The observed potencies of the top compounds and the easy of synthesis lend to the further investigation of in vivo efficacy studies and could be considered a suitable platform for the future development of anti-bacterial agents against A. baumannii.
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Kim, Yun Mi. "Structure-antimicrobial activity relationship for a new class of antimicrobials, silanols, in comparison to alcohols and phenols." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0015405.
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Mora, Pons Isabel. "Antimicrobial activity in Bacillus spp. from plant environments against plant pathogens. Relationship with cyclic lipopeptide genes and products." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/128416.
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Bacillus subtilis and related species have strong interest in agriculture because several strains are biocontrol agents of plant diseases, which have been recognized as biosafe. In this work, a selective enrichment procedure based on PCR targeting antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes has been designed and evaluated to screen field samples and pure cultures of Bacillus spp. The procedure increased the yield of isolation of Bacillus strains compared to the standard procedure. The isolates were characterized according to the presence of six AMP genes, the capacity to produce AMPs, and their antimicrobial activity against fungal and bacterial plant pathogens. The relationships between AMP genes, products and antimicrobial activity have been established. Finally, a collection of 184 Bacillus has been obtained having multiple AMP genes simultaneously, and producing several cyclic lipopeptides, with a wide range of antimicrobial activity. It is expected that such strains would be suitable candidates to develop novel biopesticides for plant disease controlBacillus subtilis i les espècies relacionades són de gran interès per l'agricultura, gràcies a la seva implicació en el biocontrol de malalties de plantes, i ser reconeguts com a biosegurs. En aquest treball s'ha dissenyat i avaluat un procés d'enriquiment selectiu basat en la detecció de gens relacionats amb la síntesis de pèptids antimicrobians, per tal d'analitzar mostres naturals i cultius purs de Bacillus. El procediment va permetre un increment d'aïllament de Bacillus en comparació al mètode estàndard d'aïllament. Els aïllats van ser caracteritzats segons la presencia de sis gens biosintètics, la capacitat de produir ciclolipopèptids i la seva activitat antimicrobiana contra fongs i bacteris patògens de plantes. Es van establir les relacions existents entre la presència del gens biosintètics, els productes i l'activitat antimicrobiana. Finalment, es va obtenir una col•lecció de 184 aïllats de Bacillus amb múltiple presència de gens biosintètics de pèptids antimicrobians simultàniament, productors de varis ciclolipopèptids, i amb un ampli espectre d'activitat antimicrobiana. És d'esperar que aquests aïllats resultin bons candidats per desenvolupar nous biopesticides per al control de malalties de plantes
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Shrestha, Jaya P. "Synthesis, Structure-Activity Relationship Study, and Mode of Action Study of 1,4-Naphthoquinone Based Anticancer and Antimicrobial Agents." DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/4925.
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Synthesizing bioactive small molecules by structural modification of 1,4-naphthoquinone was the primary goal of this research. Several bioactive compounds with anticancer, antifungal, and antibacterial activities were synthesized. All the synthetic protocols were optimized in such ways that do not require cumbersome purification.
First, a new protocol for the synthesis of NQM111 was developed. NQM111 is a highly potent anticancer agent developed in our laboratory, but the old protocol does not provide enough quantity for in vivo study. Therefore, a new safe and improved method was developed which provides enough quantity for in vivo study.
The second project involves the synthesis of 1,4-naphthoquinone conjugated with an aromatic group. These compounds are a highly potent anticancer agent with ~8-fold selectivity towards cancer cell lines than the non-cancer cell line. A mode of action study of this compound was identified, and it was observed that these compounds generate reactive oxygen species,which triggers apoptosis.
The final project involves the synthesis of 1,4-naphthoquinone based antifungal, and antibacterial compounds. These compounds are multi-cationic in nature with a hydrophobic tail. Six different analogs with varying hydrophobic tails were synthesized and tested for their antibacterial and antifungal activity. These compounds showed excellent activity against wide range of fungi including resistant strains.
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Van, Horn Kurt Steven. "Anti-parasitic and anti-bacterial agents: Studies on 1,4-dihydropyridines and 2,4-diaminoquinazolines." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4784.
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Thirty-three 1,4-dihydropyridine diastereomeric pairs were synthesized and the structure-activity relationship studied in a Plasmodium falciparum in vitro model. Twenty-nine of these derivatives contained a 6-position oxygen, with 2.31, 2.32, 2.52 and 2.53 having single and double digit nanomolar activities. This SAR study revealed some insightful information about the 1,4-dihydropyridine substitution pattern. Substitution at the 7-position other than 3,4-dimethoxy severely reduced the activity. 4-phenyl substitution with 2- or 4- halo or methyl formed active compounds while substitution at the 3-position or with methoxy or conjugated aryl systems resulted in inactive compounds. The 2-position was found to majorly affect the activity, with groups larger than methyl being the most active. The other four derivatives contained a 6-position methylene, with 2.1, 2.59 and 2.60 having single nanomolar activities. Lastly, stereochemistry was revealed to play an important role in the activity of 2.1. One stereoisomer, (+)-trans-2.1, had subnanomolar activity in two assays. Another stereoisomer, (4S,7S)-2.1, had nanomolar activity. The other two stereoisomers were inactive.
A series of N2,N4-disubstituted quinazoline-2,4-diamines has been synthesized and tested against Leishmania donovani and Leishmania amazonensis intracellular amastigotes. A structure-activity and structure-property relationship study was conducted in part using the Topliss operational scheme to identify new lead compounds. This study led to the identification of quinazolines with EC50s in the single digit micromolar or high nanomolar range in addition to favorable physicochemical properties. Quinazoline 3.23 also displayed efficacy in a murine model of visceral leishmaniasis, reducing liver parasitemia by 37% when given by the intraperitoneal route at 15 mg/kg/day for five consecutive days. Their antileishmanial efficacy, ease of synthesis, and favorable physicochemical properties make the N2,N4-disubstituted quinazoline-2,4-diamine compound series a suitable platform for future development of antileishmanial agents.
A similar series of N2,N4-disubstituted quinazoline-2,4-diamines has been synthesized and tested against methicilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and multi-drug resistant strains of Acinetobacter baumannii. Quinazolines with MICs in the single digit micromolar or high nanomolar range were identified via SAR. In a murine model of MRSA infection, 1x the MIC for quinazoline 4.47 allowed for the survival of all tested mice at the end of a one week study. An in vivo model of A. baumannii was also undertaken using a Galleria mellonella model of infection. Quinazolines 4.74-4.76 afforded an increased protection of 87.5% when compared to the control experiments, with 70% of the wax worms surviving until day three. The observed potencies of frontrunner compounds in in vivo assays and their ease of synthesis make N2,N4-disubstituted quinazoline-2,4-diamines a suitable platform for the future development of anti-bacterial agents.
Books on the topic "Antimicrobial activity/content relationship"
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Eunice, Li-Chan, ed. Hydrophobic interactions in food systems. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1988.
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Hydrophobic Interactions in Food Systems. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
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Luhrmann, Tanya M. Prayer as a metacognitive activity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789710.003.0014.
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The central act of prayer involves paying attention to inner experience—to thoughts, images, and the awareness of the body—and treating those sensations as important in their own right, rather than as distractions from the everyday business of living. There are many metacognitive consequences of this basic act. Its overt features include the redirecting of attention, which cognitively restructures mental content, leading the person who prays to focus on positive topics like gratitude, to set achievable goals, and to hope. Prayer’s less obvious metacognitive features include an invitation to absorption or being caught up in the act of imagination, which makes what must be imagined feel more real. The light trance associated with intense absorption is the result of a metacognitive act that alters the relationship of those who pray to their own mental domain. In short, we should reconceive prayer as a fundamentally metacognitive act.
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Starosielski, Nicole. Fixed Flow. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039362.003.0002.
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This chapter explores the relationship between media content and the capacity of hard infrastructure, offering a framework for understanding how particular technologies, social practices, and natural environments can be conceptualized as media infrastructures. It then develops a relational approach to media infrastructure that delineates the multiple routes and effects of global undersea cable networks. There are five ways undersea cables function as a media infrastructure: they become resources for media activity; alter everyday experience of media temporarily; shape one's susceptibility to media censorship and surveillance; solidify global relationships of media power; and serve as a platform where publics can affect the dissemination of media content.
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Cohen, Jeffrey A., Justin J. Mowchun, Victoria H. Lawson, and Nathaniel M. Robbins. A 19-Year-Old Male with Stiffness and Weakness After Waking. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190491901.003.0026.
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The distinctive, but somewhat odd, development of intermittent “attacks” of weakness/stiffness define this disorder. Interview of the patient to determine the impact of diet (including timing, content and relationship of attack to fasting), activity, emotional stress, alcohol intake, cold exposure, time of day and physiologic perturbations (eg – electrolytes, infection, dehydration, etc) help to confirm and categorize the periodic paralysis. Periodic paralyses are most often associated with a genetic channelopathy. However, they can also occur as a result of a secondary causes including thyroid disturbance or distal renal tubular acidosis. The clinical picture, laboratory investigation, and treatment of this condition are presented.
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Garnett, Holly Ann. Election Management. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190677800.003.0006.
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This chapter provides new evidence about the ways that election management bodies (EMBs) remain transparent with a variety of stakeholders. In particular, it operationalizes and measures transparency in election management through a content analysis of the websites of 99 EMBs around the globe. It considers five key dimensions of transparency: activity reports, election results, EMB hierarchy, EMB members, and election laws. With this new measure of EMB transparency, this chapter tests two major questions within the field of electoral governance. First, it explores whether the formal design of an EMB is related to its transparency, and secondly, it looks at the relationship between transparency and public confidence in elections.
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Schlapbach, Karin. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807728.003.0001.
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The Introduction gives an overview of the elements and literary contexts of ancient dance discourse. It discusses in particular the modalities of ekphraseis of narrative and acrobatic dances, drawing attention to the specific conditions of a dynamic medium based on the human body, which may or may not convey a representational content. Finally, it argues that it is the double nature of dance, which is able both to represent entire myths and to be a performance of nothing but itself, that sparked highly sophisticated reflections on the relationship between dance and meaning in authors such as Apuleius and Nonnus. Dance in all its forms was seen as a cultural activity through which meanings are constantly negotiated, redefined, and reaffirmed.
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Adams, Peter J. Reflecting on the Inevitable. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190945008.001.0001.
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Death studies have, over the past twenty years, witnessed a flourishing of research and scholarship particularly in areas such as dying and bereavement, cultural practices and fear of dying. But, despite its importance, a specific focus on the nature of personal mortality has attracted surprisingly little attention. Reflecting on the Inevitable: Mortality at the Crossroads of Psychology, Philosophy, and Health breaks new ground by bringing together available ideas and research on the meaning of one’s own death. Its content is organized around the question of how an ongoing relationship might be possible when the threat of consciousness coming to an end points to an unthinkable and unspeakable nothingness. The book then argues that, despite this threat, an ongoing relationship with one’s own death is still possible by means of conceptual devices that help shape personal mortality into a relatable object. Four of these devices, or “enabling frames,” are examined: essential structures, passionate suffusion, point-of-transition, and self-generative process. While each frame conceptualizes mortality differently, they share a capacity to move it from unintelligibility to something we can think and speak about, thereby enabling us to maintain an ongoing engagement. The final chapters explore ways in which pursuing a relationship with our own deaths could become a normal and acceptable activity throughout our lives.
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Whyte, Jessica. Karl Marx. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474423632.003.0028.
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In the concluding volume of his Homo Sacer project, The Use of Bodies, Giorgio Agamben briefly turns to Marx to distinguish his own account of what he terms ‘inoperativity’ from a Marxist account of production. Accepting Marx’s account of the decisive relationship between production, social relationships and culture, he nonetheless suggests that Marx neglected the forms of inoperativity that exist within every mode of production, opening it to a new use. ‘One-sidedly focused on the analysis of forms of production, Marx neglected the analysis of the forms of inoperativity’, he writes, ‘and this lack is certainly at the bottom of some of the aporias of his thought, in particularly as concerns the definition of human activity in the classless society’ (UB 94). Agamben’s reference to Marx is typically brief and enigmatic, and he neither expands on the claim that Marx, the thinker of the classless society, neglected inoperativity, nor identifies the aporias to which he refers. Nonetheless, in these brief and enigmatic remarks we find the crystallisation of a position developed in works stretching back to Agamben’s first book, The Man Without Content. Marx remains a subterranean influence on Agamben’s thought, and the diverse accounts of his work throughout Agamben’s oeuvre oscillate between critiques of his supposed productivism and praise for his thematisation of a non-substantive, self-negating subject.1 It is in the course of this oscillation that Agamben has clarified his own accounts of both political subjectivity and inoperativity.
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Ufimtseva, Nataliya V., Iosif A. Sternin, and Elena Yu Myagkova. Russian psycholinguistics: results and prospects (1966–2021): a research monograph. Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30982/978-5-6045633-7-3.
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The monograph reflects the problems of Russian psycholinguistics from the moment of its inception in Russia to the present day and presents its main directions that are currently developing. In addition, theoretical developments and practical results obtained in the framework of different directions and research centers are described in a concise form. The task of the book is to reflect, as far as it is possible in one edition, firstly, the history of the formation of Russian psycholinguistics; secondly, its methodology and developed methods; thirdly, the results obtained in different research centers and directions in different regions of Russia; fourthly, to outline the main directions of the further development of Russian psycholinguistics. There is no doubt that in the theoretical, methodological and applied aspects, the main problems and the results of their development by Russian psycholinguistics have no analogues in world linguistics and psycholinguistics, or are represented by completely original concepts and methods. We have tried to show this uniqueness of the problematics and the methodological equipment of Russian psycholinguistics in this book. The main role in the formation of Russian psycholinguistics was played by the Moscow psycholinguistic school of A.A. Leontyev. It still defines the main directions of Russian psycholinguistics. Russian psycholinguistics (the theory of speech activity - TSA) is based on the achievements of Russian psychology: a cultural-historical approach to the analysis of mental phenomena L.S. Vygotsky and the system-activity approach of A.N. Leontyev. Moscow is the most "psycholinguistic region" of Russia - INL RAS, Moscow State University, Moscow State Linguistic University, RUDN, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Moscow State Pedagogical University, Sechenov University, Moscow State University and other Moscow universities. Saint Petersburg psycholinguists have significant achievements, especially in the study of neurolinguistic problems, ontolinguistics. The most important feature of Russian psycholinguistics is the widespread development of psycholinguistics in the regions, the emergence of recognized psycholinguistic research centers - St. Petersburg, Tver, Saratov, Perm, Ufa, Omsk, Novosibirsk, Voronezh, Yekaterinburg, Kursk, Chelyabinsk; psycholinguistics is represented in Cherepovets, Ivanovo, Volgograd, Vyatka, Kaluga, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Vladivostok, Abakan, Maikop, Barnaul, Ulan-Ude, Yakutsk, Syktyvkar, Armavir and other cities; in Belarus - Minsk, in Ukraine - Lvov, Chernivtsi, Kharkov, in the DPR - Donetsk, in Kazakhstan - Alma-Ata, Chimkent. Our researchers work in Bulgaria, Hungary, Vietnam, China, France, Switzerland. There are Russian psycholinguists in Canada, USA, Israel, Austria and a number of other countries. All scientists from these regions and countries have contributed to the development of Russian psycholinguistics, to the development of psycholinguistic theory and methods of psycholinguistic research. Their participation has not been forgotten. We tried to present the main Russian psycholinguists in the Appendix - in the sections "Scientometrics", "Monographs and Manuals" and "Dissertations", even if there is no information about them in the Electronic Library and RSCI. The principles of including scientists in the scientometric list are presented in the Appendix. Our analysis of the content of the resulting monograph on psycholinguistic research in Russia allows us to draw preliminary conclusions about some of the distinctive features of Russian psycholinguistics: 1. cultural-historical approach to the analysis of mental phenomena of L.S.Vygotsky and the system-activity approach of A.N. Leontiev as methodological basis of Russian psycholinguistics; 2. theoretical nature of psycholinguistic research as a characteristic feature of Russian psycholinguistics. Our psycholinguistics has always built a general theory of the generation and perception of speech, mental vocabulary, linked specific research with the problems of ontogenesis, the relationship between language and thinking; 3. psycholinguistic studies of speech communication as an important subject of psycholinguistics; 4. attention to the psycholinguistic analysis of the text and the development of methods for such analysis; 5. active research into the ontogenesis of linguistic ability; 6. investigation of linguistic consciousness as one of the important subjects of psycholinguistics; 7. understanding the need to create associative dictionaries of different types as the most important practical task of psycholinguistics; 8. widespread use of psycholinguistic methods for applied purposes, active development of applied psycholinguistics. The review of the main directions of development of Russian psycholinguistics, carried out in this monograph, clearly shows that the direction associated with the study of linguistic consciousness is currently being most intensively developed in modern Russian psycholinguistics. As the practice of many years of psycholinguistic research in our country shows, the subject of study of psycholinguists is precisely linguistic consciousness - this is a part of human consciousness that is responsible for generating, understanding speech and keeping language in consciousness. Associative experiments are the core of most psycholinguistic techniques and are important both theoretically and practically. The following main areas of practical application of the results of associative experiments can be outlined. 1. Education. Associative experiments are the basis for constructing Mind Maps, one of the most promising tools for systematizing knowledge, assessing the quality, volume and nature of declarative knowledge (and using special techniques and skills). Methods based on smart maps are already widely used in teaching foreign languages, fast and deep immersion in various subject areas. 2. Information search, search optimization. The results of associative experiments can significantly improve the quality of information retrieval, its efficiency, as well as adaptability for a specific person (social group). When promoting sites (promoting them in search results), an associative experiment allows you to increase and improve the quality of the audience reached. 3. Translation studies, translation automation. An associative experiment can significantly improve the quality of translation, take into account intercultural and other social characteristics of native speakers. 4. Computational linguistics and automatic word processing. The results of associative experiments make it possible to reveal the features of a person's linguistic consciousness and contribute to the development of automatic text processing systems in a wide range of applications of natural language interfaces of computer programs and robotic solutions. 5. Advertising. The use of data on associations for specific words, slogans and texts allows you to predict and improve advertising texts. 6. Social relationships. The analysis of texts using the data of associative experiments makes it possible to assess the tonality of messages (negative / positive moods, aggression and other characteristics) based on user comments on the Internet and social networks, in the press in various projections (by individuals, events, organizations, etc.) from various social angles, to diagnose the formation of extremist ideas. 7. Content control and protection of personal data. Associative experiments improve the quality of content detection and filtering by identifying associative fields in areas subject to age restrictions, personal information, tobacco and alcohol advertising, incitement to ethnic hatred, etc. 8. Gender and individual differences. The data of associative experiments can be used to compare the reactions (and, in general, other features of thinking) between men and women, different social and age groups, representatives of different regions. The directions for the further development of Russian psycholinguistics from the standpoint of the current state of psycholinguistic science in the country are seen by us, first of all: in the development of research in various areas of linguistic consciousness, which will contribute to the development of an important concept of speech as a verbal model of non-linguistic consciousness, in which knowledge revealed by social practice and assigned by each member of society during its inculturation is consolidated for society and on its behalf; in the expansion of the problematics, which is formed under the influence of the growing intercultural communication in the world community, which inevitably involves the speech behavior of natural and artificial bilinguals in the new object area of psycholinguistics; in using the capabilities of national linguistic corpora in the interests of researchers studying the functioning of non-linguistic and linguistic consciousness in speech processes; in expanding research on the semantic perception of multimodal texts, the scope of which has greatly expanded in connection with the spread of the Internet as a means of communication in the life of modern society; in the inclusion of the problems of professional communication and professional activity in the object area of psycholinguistics in connection with the introduction of information technologies into public practice, entailing the emergence of new professions and new features of the professional ethos; in the further development of the theory of the mental lexicon (identifying the role of different types of knowledge in its formation and functioning, the role of the word as a unit of the mental lexicon in the formation of the image of the world, as well as the role of the natural / internal metalanguage and its specificity in speech activity); in the broad development of associative lexicography, which will meet the most diverse needs of society and cognitive sciences. The development of associative lexicography may lead to the emergence of such disciplines as associative typology, associative variantology, associative axiology; in expanding the spheres of applied use of psycholinguistics in social sciences, sociology, semasiology, lexicography, in the study of the brain, linguodidactics, medicine, etc. This book is a kind of summarizing result of the development of Russian psycholinguistics today. Each section provides a bibliography of studies on the relevant issue. The Appendix contains the scientometrics of leading Russian psycholinguists, basic monographs, psycholinguistic textbooks and dissertations defended in psycholinguistics. The content of the publications presented here is convincing evidence of the relevance of psycholinguistic topics and the effectiveness of the development of psycholinguistic problems in Russia.
Book chapters on the topic "Antimicrobial activity/content relationship"
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Bryskier, A. "Antibiotics and Antibacterial Agents: Classifications and Structure-Activity Relationship." In Antimicrobial Agents, 13–38. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555815929.ch2.
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Park, Sang-Ho, and Bong-Jin Lee. "Structure-Activity Relationship of Antimicrobial Peptide, Gaegurin 4, Isolated from Korean Frog." In Peptides: The Wave of the Future, 291–92. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0464-0_132.
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Blazyk, Jack, Janet Hammer, Yi Jin, Yu Zhang, and Fang Zhu. "Relationship Between Amphipathic Secondary Structure and Activity in Model Linear Cationic Antimicrobial Peptides." In Peptides: The Wave of the Future, 479–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0464-0_221.
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Beta, Trust, Sandi Kyaw Naing, Shin Nam, Archie Mpofu, and Mario Therrien. "Antioxidant Activity in Relationship to Phenolic Content of Diverse Food Barley Genotypes." In Antioxidant Measurement and Applications, 242–54. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2007-0956.ch017.
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Taboureau, Olivier. "Methods for Building Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) Descriptors and Predictive Models for Computer-Aided Design of Antimicrobial Peptides." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 77–86. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-594-1_6.
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Bielińska, E. J. "The Relationship Between the Activity of Dehydrogenases and the Content of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban Soils." In Functions of Natural Organic Matter in Changing Environment, 611–14. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5634-2_110.
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Penta, Santhosh. "Antimicrobial Agents." In Advances in Structure and Activity Relationship of Coumarin Derivatives, 9–45. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-803797-3.00002-3.
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Caturla, Nuria, Amparo Estepa, and Vicente Micol. "The Relationship between Oleuropein Antimicrobial Activity and its Effects on Biological Membranes." In Olives and Olive Oil in Health and Disease Prevention, 1345–54. Elsevier, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-374420-3.00150-9.
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Ouertani, Awatef, Amor Mosbah, and Ameur Cherif. "Anti-Microbial Peptides: The Importance of Structure-Function Analysis in the Design of New AMPs." In Antimicrobial Peptides [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99801.
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In recent years the rapid emergence of drug resistant microorganisms has become a major health problem worldwide. The number of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria is in a rapid increase. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new antimicrobial agent that is active against MDR. Among the possible candidates, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent a promising alternative. Many AMPs candidates were in clinical development and the Nisin was approved in many food products. Exact mechanism of AMPs action has not been fully elucidated. More comprehensive of the mechanism of action provide a path towards overcoming the toxicity limitation. This chapter is a review that provides an overview of bacterial AMPs named bacteriocin, focusing on their diverse mechanism of action. We develop here the structure–function relationship of many AMPs. A good understanding of AMPS structure–function relationship can helps the scientific in the conception of new active AMPs by the evaluation of the role of each residue and the determination of the essential amino acids for activity. This feature helps the development of the second-generation AMPs with high potential antimicrobial activity and more.
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Negm, Nabel. "Antimicrobial–Surface Activity Relationship of Novel Di-Schiff Base Cationic Gemini Amphiphiles Bearing Homogeneous Hydrophobe." In Surfactants in Tribology, Volume 2, 543–79. CRC Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b10868-25.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Antimicrobial activity/content relationship"
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Legrand, B., M. Laurencin, C. Zatylny-Gaudin, J. Henry, A. Bondon, and M. Baudy Floc'h. "Antimicrobial aza-β3-peptides: Structure-activity relationship?" In Proceedings of the International Conference on Antimicrobial Research (ICAR2010). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814354868_0002.
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Antoniewicz, Justyna, Joanna Kochman, Karolina Jakubczyk, Paweł Kwiatkowski, Wojciech Żwierełło, Marta Skórka- Majewicz, and Katarzyna Janda. "Antimicrobial properties, antioxidant activity and phenolic content of grape vinegars." In 6th International Electronic Conference on Medicinal Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecmc2020-07294.
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Swande, Peter, Vitalis Anoh, and Stephen Agbo. "Antimicrobial Evaluation of Some Monoazaphenoxazines Carboxamides: A Structural Activity Relationship (SAR)." In The 18th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-18-b008.
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Zhao, Xiao Fang, Ya Hong Li, and Hao Yuan. "Structure-antimicrobial activity relationship and action mechanism of dimeric quaternary ammonium amphiphiles." In 3rd International Conference on Material, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (IC3ME 2015). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ic3me-15.2015.82.
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Werle, Julia, Marketa Houdkova, and Ladislav Kokoska. "The chemical structure- antimicrobial activity relationship of monoterpenoids evaluated in vapour phase." In GA – 69th Annual Meeting 2021, Virtual conference. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1736834.
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Quhuan Li. "SARP: A comprehensive design platform for studying structure-activity relationship of antimicrobial peptides." In 2011 International Symposium on Information Technology in Medicine and Education (ITME 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itime.2011.6130911.
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Fatma, Abdmlouleh, Mehdi El Arbi, Maité Sylla-Iyarreta Veitía, Mamdouh Ben Ali, and Clotilde Ferroud. "Structure-antimicrobial activity relationship of a series of functionalized arylbenzothiazoles ." In MOL2NET 2018, International Conference on Multidisciplinary Sciences, 4th edition. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mol2net-04-06133.
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Purnamasari, Frika, Harlinda Kuspradini, and Tohru Mitsunaga. "Estimation of Total Phenol Content and Antimicrobial Activity in Different Leaf Stage of Lepisanthes amonea." In Joint Symposium on Tropical Studies (JSTS-19). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.210408.027.
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Srećković, Nikola Z., Jelena S. Katanić Stanković, and Vladimir B. Mihailović. "PHENOLIC CONTENT AND POTENTIAL APPLICATION OF „LYSIMACHIA VULGARIS“ L. AERIAL PART AND ROOT EXTRACTS." In 1st INTERNATIONAL Conference on Chemo and BioInformatics. Institute for Information Technologies, University of Kragujevac, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/iccbi21.395s.
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Lysimachia vulgaris L., also known as yellow loosestrife, is an herbaceous perennial flowering plant from the family Primulaceae. Traditionally, L. vulgaris has been commonly used in Chinese medicine to increase urination, reduce fever, and treat sexually transmitted ailments. This study aimed to investigate phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and antimicrobial potential of L. vulgaris aerial part (LVA) and root (LVR) methanol extracts. Based on the spectrophotometric determination, both extracts possessed a high level of phenolic compounds. The content of total phenolic compounds (130.14 mg GAE/g) and condensed tannins (120.58 mg GAE/g) was higher in LVR, while total flavonoid (206.93 mg QUE/g) and flavanol (17.02 RUE/g) contents were higher in LVA. DPPH and ABTS assays were used to estimate the antioxidant activity of the extracts, whereby LVR showed better antioxidant potential in both applied methods. The extracts inhibited the growth of most of the tested bacterial and fungal strains with minimal inhibitory concentration values (MICs) ranged between (˂ 0.3125 to 20 mg/mL), whereby the significantly higher antimicrobial activity of LVR was observed. Based on the obtained results, the significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of L. vulgaris root extract may be a basis for its further research and potential application in the pharmaceutical and food industry.
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El-Ahmady, S., E. Abdelrahman, A. Naumann, H. Schulz, S. Azzam, and ES El-Kashoury. "Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity relationship of essential oils from certain Myrtaceous plants using spectroscopic techniques coupled to chemometrics." In GA 2017 – Book of Abstracts. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1608521.
Full textReports on the topic "Antimicrobial activity/content relationship"
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Kim, Yun-mi, Samuel Farrah, and Ronald H. Baney. Structure--Antimicrobial Activity Relationship Comparing a New Class of Antimicrobials, Silanols, to Alcohols and Phenols. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada447843.
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Lurie, Susan, John Labavitch, Ruth Ben-Arie, and Ken Shackel. Woolliness in Peaches and Nectarines. United States Department of Agriculture, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7570557.bard.
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The overall goal of the research was to understand the processes involved in the development of woolliness in peaches and nectarines. Four specific hypotheses were proposed and in the course of the research evidence was gathered t support two of them and to not support two others. The hypotheses and a summary of the evidence are outlined below. 1. That woolliness arises from an imbalance between the activities of the cell wall pectin degrading enzymes. Using 'Flavortop' nectarines and 'Hermoza' peaches as model systems, storage regimes were manipulated to induce or prevent woolliness. The expression (mRNA abundance), protein content (Western blotting), and activity of polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin esterase (PE) were followed. Expression of the enzymes was not different, but activity and the ratio between PG and PE activities were quite different in fruits developing woolliness or ripening normally. This was also examined by looking at the substrate, the pectin moiety of the cell wall, and i woolly fruit there were more high molecular weight pectins with regions of non-methylated galacturonic acid residues. Taking an in vitro approach it was found a) that PE activity was stable at 0oC while PG activity decreased; b) incubating the calcium pectate fraction of the cell wall with PE extracted from peaches caused the polymers to form a gel characteristic of the visual woolly symptoms in peaches. 2. That continued cell wall synthesis occurs during storage and contributes to structural changes i cell walls and improper dissolution and softening after storage. We tried to adapt our technique of adding 13C-glucose to fruit discs, which was used successfully to follow cell wall synthesis during tomato ripening. However, the difference in sugar content between the two fruits (4% in tomato and 12% in peach) meant that the 13C-glucose was much more diluted within the general metabolite pool. We were unable to see any cell wall synthesis which meant that either the dilution factor was too great, or that synthesis was not occurring. 3. That controlled atmosphere (CA) prevents woolliness by lowering all enzyme activities. CA was found to greatly reduce mRNA abundance of the cell wall enzymes compared to regular air storage. However, their synthesis and activity recovered during ripening after CA storage and did not after regular air storage. Therefore, CA prevented the inhibition of enzyme activation found in regular air storage. 4. That changes in cell wall turgor and membrane function are important events in the development of woolliness. Using a micro pressure probe, turgor was measured in cells of individual 'O'Henry' and 'CalRed' peaches which were woolly or healthy. The relationship between firmness and turgor was the same in both fruit conditions. These data indicate that the development and expression of woolliness are not associated with differences in membrane function, at least with regard to the factors that determine cell turgor pressure. In addition, during the period of the grant additional areas were explored. Encoglucanase, and enzyme metabolizing hemicellulose, was found to be highly expressed air stored, but not in unstored or CA stored fruit. Activity gels showed higher activity in air stored fruit as well. This is the first indication that other components of the cell wall may be involved in woolliness. The role of ethylene in woolliness development was also investigated at it was found a) that woolly fruits had decreased ability to produce ethylene, b) storing fruits in the presence of ethylene delayed the appearance of woolliness. This latter finding has implication for an inexpensive strategy for storing peaches and nectarines.
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Chornodon, Myroslava. FEAUTURES OF GENDER IN MODERN MASS MEDIA. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11064.
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The article clarifies of gender identity stereotypes in modern media. The main gender stereotypes covered in modern mass media are analyzed and refuted. The model of gender relations in the media is reflected mainly in the stereotypical images of men and woman. The features of the use of gender concepts in modern periodicals for women and men were determined. The most frequently used derivatives of these macroconcepts were identified and analyzed in detail. It has been found that publications for women and men are full of various gender concepts that are used in different contexts. Ingeneral, theanalysisofthe concept-maximums and concept-minimum gender and their characteristics is carried out in the context of gender stereotypes that have been forme dand function in the society, system atizing the a ctual presentations. The study of the gender concept is relevant because it reveals new trends and features of modern gender images. Taking into account the special features of gender-labeled periodicals in general and the practical absence of comprehensive scientific studies of the gender concept in particular, there is a need to supplement Ukrainian science with this topic. Gender psychology, which is served by methods of various sciences, primarily sociological, pedagogical, linguistic, psychological, socio-psychological. Let us pay attention to linguistic and psycholinguistic methods in gender studies. Linguistic methods complement intelligence research tasks, associated with speech, word and text. Psycholinguistic methods used in gender psychology (semantic differential, semantic integral, semantic analysis of words and texts), aimed at studying speech messages, specific mechanisms of origin and perception, functions of speech activity in society, studying the relationship between speech messages and gender properties participants in the communication, to analyze the linguistic development in connection with the general development of the individual. Nowhere in gender practice there is the whole arsenal of psychological methods that allow you to explore psychological peculiarities of a person like observation, experiments, questionnaires, interviews, testing, modeling, etc. The methods of psychological self-diagnostics include: the gender aspect of the own socio-psychological portrait, a gender biography as a variant of the biographical method, aimed at the reconstruction of individual social experience. In the process of writing a gender autobiography, a person can understand the characteristics of his gender identity, as well as ways and means of their formation. Socio-psychological methods of studying gender include the study of socially constructed women’s and men’s roles, relationships and identities, sexual characteristics, psychological characteristics, etc. The use of gender indicators and gender approaches as a means of socio-psychological and sociological analysis broadens the subject boundaries of these disciplines and makes them the subject of study within these disciplines. And also, in the article a combination of concrete-historical, structural-typological, system-functional methods is implemented. Descriptive and comparative methods, method of typology, modeling are used. Also used is a method of content analysis for the study of gender content of modern gender-stamped journals. It was he who allowed quantitatively to identify and explore the features of the gender concept in the pages of periodicals for women and men. A combination of historical, structural-typological, system-functional methods is also implemented in the article. Descriptive and comparative methods, method of typology, modeling are used. A method of content analysis for the study of gender content of modern gender-labeled journals is also used. It allowed to identify and explore the features of the gender concept quantitatively in the periodicals for women and men. The conceptual perception and interpretation of the gender concept «woman», which is highlighted in the modern gender-labeled press in Ukraine, requires the elaboration of the polyfunctionality of gender interpretations, the comprehension of the metaphorical perception of this image and its role and purpose in society. A gendered approach to researching the gender content of contemporary periodicals for women and men. Conceptual analysis of contemporary gender-stamped publications within the gender conceptual sphere allows to identify and correlate the meta-gender and gender concepts that appear in society.