Relevant bibliographies by topics / Antigen delivery

Academic literature on the topic 'Antigen delivery'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Antigen delivery"

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Jiang, Jizong. "Cell-penetrating Peptide-mediated Nanovaccine Delivery." Current Drug Targets 22, no. 8 (June 1, 2021): 896–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450122666210203193225.

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Vaccination with small antigens, such as proteins, peptides, or nucleic acids, is used to activate the immune system and trigger the protective immune responses against a pathogen. Currently, nanovaccines are undergoing development instead of conventional vaccines. The size of nanovaccines is in the range of 10-500 nm, which enables them to be readily taken up by cells and exhibit improved safety profiles. However, low-level immune responses, as the removal of redundant pathogens, trigger counter-effective activation of the immune system invalidly and present a challenging obstacle to antigen recognition and its uptake via antigen-presenting cells (APCs). In addition, toxicity can be substantial. To overcome these problems, a variety of cell-penetrating peptide (CPP)-mediated vaccine delivery systems based on nanotechnology have been proposed, most of which are designed to improve the stability of antigens in vivo and their delivery into immune cells. CPPs are particularly attractive components of antigen delivery. Thus, the unique translocation property of CPPs ensures that they remain an attractive carrier with the capacity to deliver cargo in an efficient manner for the application of drugs, gene transfer, protein, and DNA/RNA vaccination delivery. CPP-mediated nanovaccines can enhance antigen uptake, processing, and presentation by APCs, which are the fundamental steps in initiating an immune response. This review describes the different types of CPP-based nanovaccines delivery strategies.
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Kersten, Gideon, and Hoang Hirschberg. "Antigen delivery systems." Expert Review of Vaccines 3, no. 4 (August 2004): 453–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/14760584.3.4.453.

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Sinclair, Meeghan. "Improving antigen delivery." Nature Biotechnology 18, no. 9 (September 2000): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/79364.

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Bungener, Laura, Anke Huckriede, Jan Wilschut, and Toos Daemen. "Delivery of Protein Antigens to the Immune System by Fusion-Active Virosomes: A Comparison with Liposomes and ISCOMs." Bioscience Reports 22, no. 2 (April 1, 2002): 323–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1020198908574.

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The induction of effective cellular and humoral immune responses against protein antigens is of major importance in vaccination strategies against infectious diseases and cancer. Immunization with protein alone in general does not result in efficient induction of cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) and antibody responses. Numerous other immunization strategies have been explored. In this review we will discuss a number of lipid-based antigen delivery systems suitable for the induction of CTL responses. These systems comprise reconstituted virus envelopes (virosomes), liposomes, and immune-stimulating complexes (ISCOMs). We will concentrate on delivery of the protein antigen ovalbumin (OVA) since extensive studies with this antigen have been performed for all of the systems discussed, allowing direct comparison of antigen delivery efficiency. Stimulation of CTL activity requires processing of the antigen in the cytosol of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and presentation of antigenic peptides on surface major histocompatibility class I complexes (MHC class I). In vitro, the ability of antigen delivery systems to induce MHC class I presentation indeed correlates with their capacity to deliver antigen to the cytosol of cells. This capacity appears to be less important for the induction of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in vivo. Instead, other properties of the antigen delivery system like activation of APCs and induction of T helper cells play a more prominent role. Fusion-active virosomes appear to be a very potent system for induction of CTL activity, most likely since virosomes combine efficient delivery of antigen with general stimulation of the immune system.
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Shaw, Christine A., and Michael N. Starnbach. "Stimulation of CD8+ T Cells following Diphtheria Toxin-Mediated Antigen Delivery into Dendritic Cells." Infection and Immunity 74, no. 2 (February 2006): 1001–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.74.2.1001-1008.2006.

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ABSTRACT Recognition and clearance of many intracellular pathogens requires the activation and subsequent effector functions of CD8+ T lymphocytes. To stimulate CD8+ T cells by immunization, the target antigens must be delivered into the cytosol of host cells. There they can be processed into peptides and presented in the context of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules to antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. One method of delivering antigens into the cytosol is to fuse them to modified bacterial toxins that are able to enter mammalian cells. The expression pattern of the toxin receptors in the host will determine the cell population that the toxin fusion protein targets and will thus restrict antigen-specific T-cell recognition to the same population. In this study we describe the development and characterization of a diphtheria toxin (DT)-based antigen delivery system. Using CD11c-DTR transgenic mice that express the DT receptor in dendritic cells (DC), this system allows for targeted delivery of CD8+ T-cell antigen to DC. We show that antigen-specific CD8+ T cells proliferate in CD11c-DTR mice following immunization with catalytically inactive DT-antigen fusion proteins. We also show that a toxin-based system that restricts antigen delivery to DC results in more robust antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell proliferation than a toxin-based system that does not restrict delivery to a particular cell type. These results have implications for vaccine design, and they suggest that use of a toxin-based vector to target antigen to DC may be an effective way to induce a CD8+ T-cell response.
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Maloney, Michael, Scott Loughhead, Amritha Ramakrishnan, Carolyne Smith, Anita Venkitaraman, Christian Yee, Miye Jacques, et al. "169 Microfluidics cell squeezing enables human PBMCs as drivers of antigen-specific CD8 T responses across broad range of antigens for diverse clinical applications." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 8, Suppl 3 (November 2020): A183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2020-sitc2020.0169.

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BackgroundAntigen-specific CD8+ T cell activity is critical for mounting an effective immune response in a wide range of indications, including immune-oncology and infectious diseases.MethodsTo elicit antigen-specific CD8+ T cell activity, we used microfluidics cell squeezing (Cell Squeeze®) to deliver antigens directly to the cytosol of antigen presenting cells (APCs). Direct cytosolic delivery bypasses the need for cross-presentation and efficiently loads antigen into the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) pathway. The Cell Squeeze® platform is generally agnostic to cell type and material. Therefore, not only does microfluidic squeezing enable cell subsets within human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to function as unconventional APCs, but it also enables us to efficiently investigate a wide range of antigens including whole protein, peptides, and mRNA. This ‘plug and play’ nature of the platform allows for broad application in multiple disease areas.ResultsIn human cells, we demonstrated that microfluidic squeezing of PBMCs enables effective delivery to the major cell subsets including T cells, B cells, NK cells and monocytes. Delivery of CMV and HPV16 synthetic long peptides (SLPs) resulted in robust in vitro responses of both CD8+ T cell clones and patient-derived memory populations. To broaden the impact of our PBMC-based cell therapy approach, we investigated several other antigens relevant to other disease areas. Additional materials we delivered via squeezing and demonstrated antigen presentation include neoantigens, M1 Influenza mRNA, and pp65 SLP. Cell Squeeze® platform is simple to use and amenable to scale up. We demonstrated that delivery and viability for research scale process (~2 × 106 cells) is equivalent to delivery and viability of PBMCs processed at manufacturing scale (~1 × 109 cells).ConclusionsMicrofluidic cell squeezing of human PBMCs with antigenic material can be tailored to produce APCs that drive robust CD8+ T cell response against targets across multiple disease areas and has been scaled up for clinical use. SQZ-PBMC-HPV are currently under clinical evaluation for treatment of HPV16+ tumors.
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Rainczuk, A., T. Scorza, T. W. Spithill, and P. M. Smooker. "A Bicistronic DNA Vaccine Containing Apical Membrane Antigen 1 and Merozoite Surface Protein 4/5 Can Prime Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses and Partially Protect Mice against Virulent Plasmodium chabaudi adami DS Malaria." Infection and Immunity 72, no. 10 (October 2004): 5565–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.10.5565-5573.2004.

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ABSTRACT The ultimate malaria vaccine will require the delivery of multiple antigens from different stages of the complex malaria life cycle. In order to efficiently deliver multiple antigens with use of DNA vaccine technology, new antigen delivery systems must be assessed. This study utilized a bicistronic vector construct, containing an internal ribosome entry site, expressing a combination of malarial candidate antigens: merozoite surface protein 4/5 (MSP4/5) (fused to a monocyte chemotactic protein 3 chemoattractant sequence) and apical membrane antigen 1 (AMA-1) (fused to a tissue plasminogen activator secretion signal). Transfection of COS 7 cells with bicistronic plasmids resulted in production and secretion of both AMA-1 and MSP4/5 in vitro. Vaccination of BALB/c mice via intraepidermal gene gun and intramuscular routes against AMA-1 and MSP4/5 resulted in antibody production and significant in vitro proliferation of splenocytes stimulated by both AMA-1 and MSP4/5. Survival of BALB/c mice vaccinated with bicistronic constructs after lethal Plasmodium chabaudi adami DS erythrocytic-stage challenge was variable, although significant increases in survival and reductions in peak parasitemia were observed in several challenge trials when the vaccine was delivered by the intramuscular route. This study using a murine model demonstrates that the delivery of malarial antigens via bicistronic vectors is feasible. Further experimentation with bicistronic delivery systems is required for the optimization and refinement of DNA vaccines to effectively prime protective immune responses against malaria.
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Munang’andu, Hetron Mweemba, and Øystein Evensen. "A Review of Intra- and Extracellular Antigen Delivery Systems for Virus Vaccines of Finfish." Journal of Immunology Research 2015 (2015): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/960859.

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Vaccine efficacy in aquaculture has for a long time depended on evaluating relative percent survival and antibody responses after vaccination. However, current advances in vaccine immunology show that the route in which antigens are delivered into cells is deterministic of the type of adaptive immune response evoked by vaccination. Antigens delivered by the intracellular route induce MHC-I restricted CD8+ responses while antigens presented through the extracellular route activate MHC-II restricted CD4+ responses implying that the route of antigen delivery is a conduit to induction of B- or T-cell immune responses. In finfish, different antigen delivery systems have been explored that include live, DNA, inactivated whole virus, fusion protein, virus-like particles, and subunit vaccines although mechanisms linking these delivery systems to protective immunity have not been studied in detail. Hence, in this review we provide a synopsis of different strategies used to administer viral antigens via the intra- or extracellular compartments. Further, we highlight the differences in immune responses induced by antigens processed by the endogenous route compared to exogenously processed antigens. Overall, we anticipate that the synopsis put together in this review will shed insights into limitations and successes of the current vaccination strategies used in finfish vaccinology.
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Cohen, Smadar, Maria J. Alonso, and Robert Langer. "Novel Approaches to Controlled-Release Antigen Delivery." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 10, no. 1 (1994): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462300014045.

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AbstractTwo strategies for vaccine-delivery systems, both relying on concepts of controlled-release technology, are described in this review. The first strategy involves using biodegradable polymer microspheres for parenteral and oral delivery of antigens. The other strategy combines two technologies, the encapsulation of antigen within liposomes and liposome encapsulation in hydrogels, to protect them from a rapid degradation in vivo. Both strategies have shown promise in terms of increasing the immunogenicity of poorly immunogenic peptides and protein vaccines. The microencapsulation process, antigen stability, mechanism of antigen release, and optimal release kinetics for vaccine delivery are reviewed, and the strengths and weaknesses of each approach are discussed.
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Lee, Mi-Young, Meong-Cheol Shin, and Victor C. Yang. "Transcutaneous antigen delivery system." BMB Reports 46, no. 1 (January 31, 2013): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5483/bmbrep.2013.46.1.001.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Antigen delivery"

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Lu, Zeyu (Zeyu Mike). "Protective antigen-mediated delivery of biomolecules." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/120906.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
The intracellular delivery of therapeutic biomolecules such as oligonucleotides and proteins remains a key challenge today. Protective antigen, a naturally evolved protein translocase derived from Bacillus anthracis, has shown promise as a platform of protein delivery due to its ability to form a transmembrane pore that allows the cargo to have cytosolic access. We and others have used the LFN/PA system to deliver a wide variety of natural and non-natural peptides and proteins. Despite the significant progress made with the LFN/PA delivery platform, some aspects including cargo selection and targeting still remain limited. In the first part of the thesis, we greatly expand the application of the platform by demonstration of efficient delivery of peptide nucleic acids (PNAs), an oligonucleotide analog. Using this technology, we successfully exploited a cancer- specific gene dependency by the intracellular delivery of an anti-sense PNA in a receptor-dependent manner. In addition to exploiting new types of cargo for delivery, we developed a new strategy to target the LFN/PA system to specific cell types. In the second part of the thesis, we chemically conjugated a full-length immunoglobulin G (IgG) to a mutant PA (mPA). Significantly, we took advantage of the fact that PA activation is protease-dependent and created highly specific delivery vehicles that can only be activated by the concurrent presence of two entities on the cell surface. We showed a protein toxin delivered by these IgG-mPA variants effectively inhibited cell growth in different cancer cell lines and exhibited a significantly increased therapeutic window over previously reported PA variants both in vitro and in vivo. In the last part of the thesis, we explored the possibility of simplifying the LFN/PA system by directly ligating protein cargos to PA. In the absence of LFN, the chemically created single-component system significantly increased the amount of delivered cargo. Moreover, the single-component system combined with a short N-terminal polylysine tag further improved the delivery efficiency by more than 100-fold. Our findings raise the prospect of a simpler PA-mediated delivery platform..
by Zeyu (Mike) Lu.
Ph. D.
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Rodgers, Emily Sarah. "Polymeric nanoparticles as immunopotentiating antigen delivery systems." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337114.

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Al-Mamari, Ahmed. "Biocontainment system for bacterial antigen delivery carriers." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28793.

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Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are confined physically in order to contain their spread in nature and to minimise chances of horizontal gene transfer. However, with the potential that GMOs hold as cheap, reliable and efficient micro-machines, their eventual uncontrolled release into the wider space is becoming more likely. Indeed, their application as environmental sensors is largely increasing. Nevertheless, the field of synthetic biology may also afford solutions to the problem. A major potential application of GMOs is the delivery of antigens to human and animal hosts, through the utilization of live, engineered microbes. Recombinant technology is promising for several reasons including their capacity to be less reactogenic, more potent, safer and genetically definable. Also, they have the potential to provide protection against multiple targets simultaneously, are relatively inexpensive and can be eradicated with antibiotics, as the need arises. Besides, delivery of vaccines to mucosal surfaces is more efficient. Mutant Salmonella expressing heterologous antigens have been shown to induce protection against a variety of pathogens. Nevertheless, limited containment systems are available that can be applicable for bacterial antigen carriers. This project aims to design safeguards for the bacterial antigen delivery systems that limit ORF translatability and self-inactivates/destructs upon exit from the host. In this work, double quadruplet codons were suppressed by orthogonal tRNAs, providing a barrier for gene translation in the recipient cells when antigen is horizontally transferred. Furthermore, three kill switches were designed that are activated by a decrease in temperature from 37 °C. First, Sau3AI endonuclease was activated by protein self-splicing at low temperature mediated by Mtu recA intein. The activation of the endonuclease led to three-fold logarithmic decrease in the number of viable cells within two hours of gene expression. Second, RNA-dependent activation of RNase 7 showed a reduction in the number of viable cells at low temperature of three logarithmic folds. RNase 7 was controlled by the cspA 5’UTR, which sequesters ribosome binding site at 37 °C and allows translation at low temperature. Third, CspA 5’UTR was shown to regulate expression of TEV protease at 37 °C and low temperature. This led to bacterial cellular inhibition within two hours of TEV induction and five-fold logarithmic reduction in the number of viable cells at low temperature. In addition, for the first time and contrary to previous studies, the TEV protease was shown to inhibit cellular growth. It was also shown that biofilm formation was drastically impaired by the TEV activity. The three killing switches and the quadruplet translation system are poised to function as robust safeguards for bacterial antigen delivery systems.
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McNeil, Sarah E. "Liposome-mediated antigen delivery: formulation and optimisation." Thesis, Aston University, 2005. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/11037/.

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Live conventional vaccines are generally effective at provoking protective immunity against the infectious agent. However, there are many disadvantages regarding their adverse side effects and overall safety profile. Alternative vaccine strategies such as subunit and plasmid-based vaccines, using recombinant technology, are much safer, yet less effective. Therefore, the immunogenicity of such vaccines could be enhanced by utilising delivery and/or adjuvant systems, to provoke the appropriate immune responses. The role of liposomal systems within plasmid-based delivery was examined, looking at the effects of varying liposomal composition and method of preparation on the physical characteristics, transfection efficiency in vitro and immunogenicity in vivo. Compared to naked DNA alone, entrapment of plasmid DNA within liposomal vesicles results in complete protection from degradation by intracellular enzymes, with the DNA maintaining full structure and function. For liposome-mediated gene delivery small cationic lipids have been shown to be potent candidates, acquiring a net positive charge, which effectively interact with the anionic charges of the DNA to generate high incorporation values. In contrast, neutral liposomes are much larger aggregated structures with lower incorporation of DNA. The method of preparation was shown to effect the spatial location of plasmid DNA to liposomal systems. The dehydration-rehydration procedure (DRV) carried out in the presence of DNA effectively entraps the plasmid with little effect on liposome size and surface charge. Alternatively, upon addition of plasmid DNA the measured vesicle size of small unilamellar vesicles (SUV) or 'empty' (water containing) DRV increases due to the formation of SUV-DNA or DRV-DNA complexes, with the majority of the DNA localised on the surface of the liposomes. When applied in vitro, transfection efficiency of SUV-DNA complexes was greater than DRV(DNA). Transfection efficiency of SUVDNA complexes varied depending on the cationic lipid present within the lipid bilayer, with DC-Chol showing most efficiency. Furthermore, these DC-Chol cationic liposomes were formulated in combination with two different 'helper' lipids, the fusogenic lipid dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) or the stabilising lipid Cho!. The manner in which complexes form, the resultant structure and their transfection efficiency in vitro varied depending on the combining effects of both the type of 'helper' lipid incorporated within the lipid bilayer and total lipid to DNA charge ratio, with the overall structural size playing a significant role in promoting transfection. Transfection efficiency in vitro was significantly reduced when complexes were stabilised by the inclusion of phosphatidylcholines, with both the phospholipid head group and the alkyl-chain length influencing transfection efficiency. The production of DRV vesicles incorporating DNA were also produced in the range of IOO-200nm by the addition of a disaccharide (i.e. sucrose), prior to freeze-drying during the dehydration-rehydration procedure. In this instance, with an increase in sucrose/lipid mass ratio, the z-average diameter of liposomes decreased, while the percentage plasmid DNA, pRc/CMV HBS, entrapment remained relatively high (92%). Despite this, these small DRV(DNA) were found to be poor transfecting agents in vitro. After an initial screening process in vitro, a select few liposomal systems were subcutaneously administered in vivo. For all the liposomal formulations tested there was no induction of a humoral immune response, as no antibody titres were detected against the encoded antigen. However, SUV-DNA complexes composed of PC:Choi:DC-Chol (16:8:4 Ilmole/ml) and the production of small modified DRV(DNA) by the addition of sucrose generated sufficiently high levels of cell-mediated immunity. With regard to protein antigen delivery and adjuvanticity, the association with liposomal systems significantly enhances the immunogenicity of the fusion protein, Ag8SB-ESAT -6, a promising tuberculosis vaccine antigen. Several factors were shown to influence adjuvanticity of these liposomal systems. For example, the inclusion of the immunomodulator, TDB, effectively enhanced immunity against tuberculosis by increasing the adjuvanticity of these liposomal systems. Such immune responses were prolonged and most effective when these liposomal systems were either neutral or possessed a net positive charge rather than a negative charge and when the protein antigen was entrapped within these vesicles rather than surface complexed. Therefore, the overall protection against infection by tuberculosis was enhanced, presumably as a result of these liposomes forming depots, whereby the protein antigen is released slowly and at a controlled rate, maintaining therapeutic levels of the antigen in vivo to exert its therapeutic effect.
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Myschik, Julia, and n/a. "Immunostimulatory lipid implants as delivery systems for model antigen." University of Otago. School of Pharmacy, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20080806.114447.

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Aim: Subunit vaccines have received increasing attention due to their good safety profile. However, subunit vaccines feature low immunogenicity, and soluble antigen is largely ignored by the immune system due to its lack of danger signals. To stimulate an appropriate immune response, subunit antigen vaccines require the addition of an adjuvant and multiple administrations. This study aimed to formulate biodegradable lipid implants, containing a suitable adjuvant, which delivers antigen in a sustained manner. The physico-chemical characteristics of the implants and their ability to stimulate immune responses towards a model antigen in vivo were investigated. Methods: Lipid implants were prepared from phospholipid and cholesterol. Different adjuvants were added, and their potential to induce an immune response to the model antigen ovalbumin (OVA) was investigated. The adjuvants and immunomodulators assessed were Quil-A (QA), imiquimod, and an α-Galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) analogue. Liposomal dispersions were prepared using the lipid film hydration method. These were freeze-dried, and the powder compressed into matrices (diameter of 2 mm). Physico-chemical characterisation was undertaken by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to investigate the release of colloidal structures (liposomes, immunostimulating complexes [ISCOMs]) upon hydration with release media. Surface changes of the implant matrices were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The release of the fluorescently-labelled antigen ovalbumin (FITC-OVA) and its entrapment into the colloidal particles was investigated using spectrofluorophotometry. Additionally, incorporation of the cationic cholesterol derivative DC-cholesterol (DCCHOL) into implants to allow for charge-charge interactions with the negatively-charged OVA, and replacement of the phospholipid with a phospholipid having a higher transition temperature to facilitate the manufacturing process, were attempted and assessed. The immune response stimulated towards OVA released from the implants was analysed in vivo using a C57Bl/6 mouse model. Expansion of CD8⁺ T cells and CD8 T cells specific for the CD8 epitope of OVA (SIINFEKL), as well as expansion of CD4⁺ T cells, were assessed. The ability of implants to stimulate T cell proliferation and interferon-γ production after in vitro restimulation with OVA was analysed. Serum samples were analysed for OVA-specific IgG antibodies. Results: Lipid implants containing Quil-A released colloidal structures upon hydration with buffer. The type of colloids observed by TEM depended on the ratio of QA:cholesterol:phospholipid. Release of OVA was sustained over ten days in implants prepared with egg yolk PC. However, the release kinetics depended strongly on the choice of phospholipid. In vivo, lipid implants containing Quil-A evoked expansion of CD8⁺ T cells. The immune response to one implant was comparable to that obtained by two equivalent injection immunisations. Therefore, the implants obviated the need for multiple immunisations in the vaccination regime tested here. Expansion of CD8⁺ T cells towards the Quil-A-containing implant was greater than that achieved by the immunomodulators imiquimod and the α-GalCer analogue. Quil-A-containing implants produced OVA-specific IgG antibodies to a greater extent than the implants containing imiquimod or α-GalCer. Incorporation of the cationic DCCHOL did not increase the entrapment efficiency of OVA into liposomes. However, the in vivo investigation of DCCHOL-containirig implants showed an adjuvant effect of DCCHOL on antibody responses, but not on cell-mediated immunity. Conclusion: Lipid implants offer great potential as sustained release vaccine delivery systems. The lipid components in the implant formulation were well-tolerated and biodegradable. Lipid implants combine the advantages of sustained release of antigen and particulate delivery by the formation of colloidal particles.
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Cahill, Edward Sean. "Antigen delivery systems for nasal immunisation against B. pertussis." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321455.

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Neil, Stuart John Douglas. "Lentiviral mediated gene delivery to human antigen presenting cells." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251820.

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Saxena, Manvendra, and s3031657@student rmit edu au. "Utilising salmonella to deliver heterologous vaccine antigen." RMIT University. Applied Sciences, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080522.095907.

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Live attenuated Salmonella vectors provide a unique alternative in terms of antigen presentation by acting as a vector for heterologous antigens. The efficiency of any live bacterial vector rests with its ability to present sufficient foreign antigen to the human or animal immune system to initiate the desirable protective immune response. Salmonella vectors encoding heterologous protective antigens can elicit the relevant immune responses, be it humoral, mucosal or cell-mediated. STM-1 is a Salmonella mutant developed by RMIT, harbours a mutation in the aroA gene that renders it attenuated, and is a well characterised vaccine strain currently in use to protect livestock against Salmonella infection. In previous work in this laboratory, STM1 was shown to be capable of eliciting immune responses in mice to plasmid-borne antigens. In this study STM-1 was analysed for its ability to vector the model antigen chicken ovalbumin and test antigen C. jejuni major outer membrane protein using in vivo inducible promoters such as pagC and nirB from the plasmid location. The determination of the architecture around the lesion in STM-1 also allowed the development of constructs expressing heterologous antigen from the chromosome. The induction of immune responses, both humoral and cell mediated, was analysed. Another issue addressed in this study was effect of pre-existing immune responses in the animal host against the vector or related strains and the effects on generation of immune responses against the subsequently vectored antigen. Humoral and cellular immune responses to vectored ovalbumin and C. jejuni Momp antigens were observed following vaccination with STM-1, when antigens were expressed from either the plasmid or chromosomal location. Up-regulation of immune responses, both humoral and cell mediated, was observed against the vectored antigens in animals which were pre-exposed to either the bacterial vector or related strains. These results indicate that STM-1 has the potential to be used as a vector to deliver heterologous vaccine antigens from a single copy gene in the field. Lastly, the results from this study indicate that pre-existing immune responses against the bacterial vector or a related strain do in fact enhance both humoral and T cell responses against the heterologous antigen.
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Guan, Holly H. "Development of liposomal antigen delivery system for synthetic MUC1 peptides." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0005/NQ29044.pdf.

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Garmory, Helen Susan. "Vaccine vector-based delivery of the Yersinia pestis V antigen." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407227.

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Books on the topic "Antigen delivery"

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Bowen, Joanne Claire. Influence of microbial antigen formulation and delivery route on the immune response. Birmingham: Aston University. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 1990.

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Noakes, Karen Louise. Exploiting the retrograde transport of disarmed toxins for the delivery of exogenous antigens into MHC class 1 presentation pathway. [s.l.]: typescript, 1999.

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(Editor), Bruno Gander, Hans P. Merkle (Editor), and Giampietro Corradin (Editor), eds. Antigen Delivery Systems: Immunological and Technological Issues (Drug Targeting and Delivery). Informa Healthcare, 1998.

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Zhang, Jia Ai. Fish oral antigen delivery system development and optimization. 1995.

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Manoury, Bénédicte, and Piergiuseppe De Berardinis, eds. Targeted Antigen Delivery: Bridging Innate and Adaptive Immunity. Frontiers Media SA, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88945-833-2.

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Maharaj, Indar. Oral immunization of wildlife against rabies by the intestinal route: studies on delivery and potentiation of inactivated rabies antigen. 1986.

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The Macrophage as Therapeutic Target. Springer, 2003.

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Gordon, Siamon. The Macrophage as Therapeutic Target. Springer, 2012.

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Morris, Peter J., and Jeremy R. Chapman. The evolution of kidney transplantation. Edited by Jeremy R. Chapman. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0275.

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The history of kidney transplantation starts in 1902 with Ullman transplanting kidneys between dogs, and Carrel’s development of vascular anastomotic techniques. The developments in the 1950s in Boston, Paris, and the laboratories of Medawar and others demonstrated both proof of the principle and some of the barriers to clinical kidney transplantation. The 1960s laid the groundwork for organ preservation, immunosuppression, and histocompatibility leading to the creation of transplant units in many countries. In the 1970s, there was steady progress in understanding the immunology of allograft rejection and its suppression. The advent of azathioprine used with steroids in the early 1960s resulted in 1-year graft survival rates of around 60% and patient survival of 90% in good units. However, with the introduction of ciclosporin in the early 1980s, renal transplantation became an even more reliable renal replacement option as there was a dramatic reduction in the incidence of irreversible acute rejection. The 1990s saw the introduction of both better immunosuppression and better infection prophylaxis, which further improved patient outcomes. The first decade of the twenty-first century has been characterized by the promise of new technologies in many areas, only some of which have delivered clinical benefit. Molecular human leucocyte antigen (HLA) typing and detection of antibodies to HLA antigens, standardized immunosuppression and anti-infective prophylaxis, surveillance biopsy, and developing systems for increasing donation rates are delivering major benefits. Gene biomarkers, stem cell therapy, and tolerance protocols have yet to make an impact. This chapter describes the historical development of transplantation and how it has yielded the results delivered in clinical practice today.
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Book chapters on the topic "Antigen delivery"

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Lundstrom, Kenneth. "Alphavirus-Based Antigen Preparation." In Vaccine Delivery Technology, 63–81. New York, NY: Springer US, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0795-4_6.

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Scheiblhofer, Sandra, Uwe Ritter, Josef Thalhamer, and Richard Weiss. "Protein Antigen Delivery by Gene Gun-Mediated Epidermal Antigen Incorporation (EAI)." In Biolistic DNA Delivery, 401–11. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-110-3_29.

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Yero, Daniel, Oscar Conchillo-Solé, and Xavier Daura. "Antigen Discovery in Bacterial Panproteomes." In Vaccine Delivery Technology, 43–62. New York, NY: Springer US, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0795-4_5.

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Qi, Ruiquan, Andrew Hill, and Blaine A. Pfeifer. "A Hybrid Biological–Biomaterial Vector for Antigen Delivery." In Vaccine Delivery Technology, 461–75. New York, NY: Springer US, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0795-4_25.

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Goodswen, Stephen J., Paul J. Kennedy, and John T. Ellis. "Computational Antigen Discovery for Eukaryotic Pathogens Using Vacceed." In Vaccine Delivery Technology, 29–42. New York, NY: Springer US, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0795-4_4.

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Akache, Bassel, Felicity C. Stark, and Michael J. McCluskie. "Measurement of Antigen-Specific IgG Titers by Direct ELISA." In Vaccine Delivery Technology, 537–47. New York, NY: Springer US, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0795-4_31.

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Moser, Christian, and Mario Amacker. "Influenza Virosomes as Antigen Delivery System." In Novel Immune Potentiators and Delivery Technologies for Next Generation Vaccines, 287–307. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5380-2_14.

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Gamazo, Carlos, and Juan M. Irache. "Antigen Delivery Systems as Oral Adjuvants." In Molecular Vaccines, 603–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00978-0_12.

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Keil, Günther M., Reiko Pollin, Claudia Müller, Katrin Giesow, and Horst Schirrmeier. "BacMam Platform for Vaccine Antigen Delivery." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 105–19. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-3008-1_7.

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Smith, Brittany R., and Zhongwu Guo. "Oligosaccharide Antigen Conjugation to Carrier Proteins to Formulate Glycoconjugate Vaccines." In Vaccine Delivery Technology, 305–12. New York, NY: Springer US, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0795-4_15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Antigen delivery"

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Kirch-heimer, J. C., H. Kölbl, G. Christ, and G. Tatra. "CHANGES IN FIBRINOLYTIC PARAMETERS AFTER DELIVERY." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644843.

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Recent studies by Astedt et al. have shown increasing levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor during pregnancy, but the origin of the inhibitor is unknown. Levels of fibrinolytic parameters were determined in plasma collected from 18 females (age 22.7 ± 3.2, mean ± SD) after a normal medically controlled pregnancy at the time of delivery and on the following 5 days. Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) antigen was measured by enzyme immunoassay, urokinase type plasminogen activator (uPA) antigen by a radioimmunoassay and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI ) by a functional assay. The results are summarized in the following table:Postpartal changes in tPA antigen and PAI have been found to be significant, both decreasing after delivery and reaching normal control values for tPA on day 2 and for PAI on day 1 while uPA antigen remained normal. Since tPA levels before delivery have been found to be normal, increased levels at delivery might be caused by a release or by hormonal changes, while the decrease in PAI might again be caused by hormonal changes or by removal of the placenta.
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Sakurai, Kazuo, Shinichi Mochizuki, and Jusaku Minari. "Antisense Oligonucleotides Delivery to the Antigen Presenting Cells by using Schizophyllan." In 2008 MRS Fall Meetin. Materials Research Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/proc-1140-hh05-17.

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Oda, Yusuke, Shota Otake, Ryo Suzuki, Shota Otake, Norihito Nishiie, Keiichi Hirata, Yuichiro Taira, et al. "Cancer Immunotherapy Utilized Bubble Liposomes and Ultrasound as Antigen Delivery System." In 9TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THERAPEUTIC ULTRASOUND: ISTU—2009. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3367166.

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Cremel, Magali, Nathalie Guerin, Quitterie Barthe, Vanessa Bourgeaux, Willy Berlier, Françoise Horand, and Yann Godfrin. "Abstract 2356: Erythrocytes used as tumor antigen delivery system to target antigen-presenting cells embody an innovative approach forin situcancer immunotherapy." In Proceedings: AACR 107th Annual Meeting 2016; April 16-20, 2016; New Orleans, LA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-2356.

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Bounameaux, H., Ph de Moerloose, J. Vogel, G. Reber, B. Krahenbuhl, and C. Bouvier. "NORMAL PREGNANCY AND DELIVERY IN A PATIENT WITH SEVERE PROTEIN C DEFICIENCY AND PREVIOUS DEEP-VEIN THROMBOSIS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644312.

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Congenital protein C (PC) deficiency is associated with thrombophilia. Heterozygotes with about half-normal plasma PC levels may present with venous thromboembolic events usually beginning during adolescence or young adulthood. A 26-year-old swiss woman had experienced an iliofemoral deep-vein thrombosis without obvious etiology six years.ago. In June, 1986 very low levels of PC antigen (25 %) and activity (27 %) were found when she was six-month pregnant. Three other family members (62, 24 and 19-year-old) had PC levels around 50 % but were symptomfree. Because of the post-thrombotic~syndrome and the pregnancy, ambulatory heparin therapy was immediately started in the patient (10-16'000 IU twice daily, s.c.) in order to maintain a plasma heparin level between 0.2 and 0.5 U/ml six hs after the morning injection. Delivery was induced at full-term whilst heparin was stopped for a few hours. Four weeks after delivery anticoagulation was discontinued and, so far, the patient remained symptomfree. The newborn showed no perinatal problem and the PC antigen level assayed in the umbilical venous blood was 22 % (normal range in the literature 18-46 %). Antithrombin III and protein S levels as well as fibtinolytic potential were within normal values in all family members.Conclusions. 1) Only one out of four heterozygote PC deficient family members had presented with venous thromboembolism. 2) The symptomatic subject had the lowest PC level in the family (activity and antigen around 25 %). 3) This woman experienced an event-free pregnancy and delivery although heparin was started only in the sixth month of pregnancy. 4) Thus, penetrance of the thrombotic trait may be quite variable (and low) amongst PC deficient heterozygotes, an observation which raises the question of the indication of long-term anticoagulation in these individuals. 5) Pregnancy did not affect the PC antigen and activity levels in our patient.
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Qiao, Sha, Yuan Qian, Qingming Luo, and Zhihong Zhang. "Delivery of Peptide Antigen with Lipid-based Fluorescent-trackable Nanoparticles in Vivo for Cancer Immunotherapy." In International Conference on Photonics and Imaging in Biology and Medicine. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/pibm.2017.w3a.131.

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Maloney, Michael F., Emrah Ilker Ozay, Christian Yee, Amy Merino, Paul R. Dunbar, Mubeen Mosaheb, Kelly Volk, et al. "Abstract 1523: Cell Squeeze® delivery of antigen-encoding mRNA enables human PBMCs to drive antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses for diverse clinical applications." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2021; April 10-15, 2021 and May 17-21, 2021; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-1523.

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Nethi, Susheel Kumar, Dristhi Sehgal, Shen Cheng, Jayanth Panyam, and Swayam Prabha. "Abstract 2175: Synthetic antigen receptor mesenchymal stem cells (SAR-MSCs) targeting perlecan for drug delivery to ovarian cancer." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2019; March 29-April 3, 2019; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-2175.

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Nethi, Susheel Kumar, Dristhi Sehgal, Shen Cheng, Jayanth Panyam, and Swayam Prabha. "Abstract 2175: Synthetic antigen receptor mesenchymal stem cells (SAR-MSCs) targeting perlecan for drug delivery to ovarian cancer." In Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2019; March 29-April 3, 2019; Atlanta, GA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-2175.

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Zhang, Lei, Feiyu Lu, Ibrahim Asadullah Tahmid, Shakiba Davari, Lee Lisle, Nicolas Gutkowski, Luke Schlueter, and Doug A. Bowman. "Fantastic Voyage 2021: Using Interactive VR Storytelling to Explain Targeted COVID-19 Vaccine Delivery to Antigen-presenting Cells." In 2021 IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces Abstracts and Workshops (VRW). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vrw52623.2021.00230.

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Reports on the topic "Antigen delivery"

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Fischer, N. O. Nanolipoprotein Particles (NLPs) as Versatile Vaccine Platforms for Co-delivery of Multiple Adjuvants with Subunit Antigens from Burkholderia spp. and F. tularensis - Technical Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1179402.

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Fischer, N. O. Nanolipoprotein Particles (NLPs) as Versatile Vaccine Platforms for Co-delivery of Multiple Adjuvants with Subunit Antigens from Burkholderia spp. and F. tularensis - Technical Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1179410.

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Fischer, N. O. Nanolipoprotein Particles (NLPs) as Versatile Vaccine Platforms for Co-delivery of Multiple Adjuvants with Subunit Antigens from Burkholderia spp. and F. tularensis - Annual Technical Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1241947.

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