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Journal articles on the topic 'Antifungal antibiotic'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Jingjing, Sun, Zhang Yanshu, Liu Yu, Shi Qindong, Wang Xue, Zhang Lei, He Yingli, and Guo Litao. "Factors related to antibiotic-associated diarrhea in patients in the intensive care unit receiving antifungals: a single-center retrospective study." Journal of International Medical Research 47, no. 5 (March 21, 2019): 2067–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060519836305.

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Objective To analyze factors related to antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) in patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) receiving antifungals with the aim of informing rational antibiotic use. Methods Sex, age, medical history, use of proton pump inhibitors, administration of parenteral nutrition, albumin level, occurrence of AAD, type of antibiotics, duration of ICU admission, and prognosis were retrospectively analyzed. The associations of age, sex, medical history, and other factors with AAD were associated by logistic regression. Results In total, 284 patients were enrolled (antifungals, n = 110; no antifungals, n = 174). The total incidence of AAD was 32.39%. The incidence of AAD was significantly different between the groups (52.73% vs. 19.54%). The duration of proton pump inhibitor therapy, duration of antifungal therapy, enzyme inhibitor antibiotic use, and azithromycin use were associated with AAD in ICU patients receiving antifungal therapy. The mean duration of ICU admission was higher in patients receiving antifungal therapy (20.14 ± 11.50 vs. 14.48 ± 8.54 days). There was no significant difference in ICU mortality rates. Conclusion The duration of proton pump inhibitor therapy, duration of antifungal therapy, use of enzyme inhibitor antibiotics, and use of azithromycins were associated with AAD in ICU patients receiving antifungal therapy.

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2

Ramakrishnan, Meera. "Antibiotic stewardship - Rational use of antibiotics and antifungal agents." Journal of Pediatric Critical Care 2, no. 2 (2015): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.21304/2015.0202.00067.

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3

Pasaribu, Tiurma. "PELUANG ZAT BIOAKTIF TANAMAN SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF IMBUHAN PAKAN ANTIBIOTIK PADA AYAM / The Opportunities of Plants Bioactive Compound as an Alternative of Antibiotic Feed additive on Chicken." Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian 38, no. 2 (December 16, 2019): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jp3.v38n2.2019.p96-104.

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<p>Bioactive compounds (phenols, tannins, flavonoids, essential oils, curcumin, saponins, phyllanthin) have the ability as an antibacterial or antifungal. Feed additives are feed raw materials that do not contain nutrients, however, it may increase productivity, quality of livestock products (meat, eggs, milk, skin, feathers), the feed efficiency and to improve animal health or resistance of disease. Feed additives that are widely used in the livestock industry include antibiotics, antioxidants, antifungals, emulsifiers, and binders. The aim of using antibiotics is to reduce the population of pathogenic microbes or disturbing microbes in the digestive tract. Antibiotics have been banned for used because it can cause resistance to pathogenic bacteria or intestinal microflora which has a negative impact on consumers. To improve feed efficiency in poultry and to produce higher quality products, healthy and safe for consumption, the antibiotic could be replaced with plant bioactive compound. The aims of this review is to describe the role of plant bioactive compounds as feed additive to replace antibiotic for chickens. Some of plant bioactive substances that can be used as feed additives include phenols, curcumin, saponins, tannins, phenols, flavonoids, alkaloids. Bioactive substances from plants have several functions including inhibiting the growth of bacteria or fungi, increasing endurance, as an adjuvant, and preventing fat oxidation. It can be concluded that bioactive substances from plants have potential as feed additives which have the ability as antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, immunostimulator, and adjuvant.</p><p>Keywords: bioactive compound, plants, feed additives, chicken </p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p> Zat bioaktif (fenol, tanin, flavonoid, minyak atsiri, curcumin, saponin, phyllanthin) memiliki kemampuan sebagai antibakteri atau antifungi. Imbuhan pakan adalah bahan baku pakan yang tidak mengandung nutrisi, namun dapat meningkatkan produktivitas, kualitas produk ternak (daging, telur, susu, kulit, bulu), efisiensi penggunaan pakan dan meningkatkan kesehatan hewan atau ketahanan terhadap penyakit. Imbuhan pakan yang banyak digunakan dalam industri peternakan termasuk antibiotik, antioksidan, antifungi, pengemulsi, dan pengikat (binder). Tujuan penggunaan antibiotik adalah untuk mengurangi populasi mikroba patogen atau mikroba yang mengganggu di saluran pencernaan. Antibiotik telah dilarang untuk digunakan karena dapat menyebabkan resistensi terhadap bakteri patogen atau mikroflora usus yang memiliki dampak negatif pada konsumen. Untuk meningkatkan efisiensi pakan pada unggas dan menghasilkan produk berkualitas tinggi, sehat dan aman untuk dikonsumsi, antibiotik dapat diganti dengan zat bioaktif tanaman. Tujuan dari ulasan ini adalah untuk menggambarkan peran zat bioaktif tanaman sebagai pengganti imbuhan pakan antibiotik pada ayam. Beberapa zat bioaktif tanaman yang dapat digunakan sebagai imbuhan pakan termasuk fenol, kurkumin, saponin, tanin, fenol, flavonoid, alkaloid. Zat bioaktif dari tanaman memiliki beberapa fungsi antara lain menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri atau jamur, meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh, sebagai bahan adjuvan dan mencegah oksidasi lemak. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa zat bioaktif dari tanaman berpotensi sebagai imbuhan pakan yang memiliki kemampuan sebagai antibakteri, antifungi, antioksidan, imunostimulator, dan adjuvant.</p><p>Kata kunci: Zat bioaktif, tanaman, imbuhan pakan, ayam </p>

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4

ROY, SWAPAN KUMAR, SHOSHIRO NAKAMURA, JUN FURUKAWA, and SHIGENOBU OKUDA. "The structure of neo-enactin A, a new antifungal antibiotic potentiating polyene antifungal antibiotics." Journal of Antibiotics 39, no. 5 (1986): 717–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.39.717.

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5

Hwang, Byung Kook, Sang Joon Ahn, and Surk Sik Moon. "Production, purification, and antifungal activity of the antibiotic nucleoside, tubercidin, produced by Streptomyces violaceoniger." Canadian Journal of Botany 72, no. 4 (April 1, 1994): 480–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b94-064.

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Three antibiotic substances strongly inhibitory to Phytophthora capsici or Magnaporthe grisea were isolated from the broth culture of Streptomyces violaceoniger strain A50. A butanol-soluble mixture of antibiotics from the broth were partially purified by XAD-2 column chromatography. The XAD-2 eluates inhibited the mycelial growth of P. capsici and M. grisea and the development of Phytophthora blight on pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) plants. The antibiotics were separated by silica gel column chromatography and then purified on a Sephadex LH-20 column to yield three peaks of antifungal activity: SF1A, SF1B, and SF2A. The pure antibiotic SF2A was further purified by preparative HPLC and identified as the pyrrolo[2,3-d]-pyrimidine nucleoside tubercidin based on the UV, 1H, and 13C NMR spectral data and other chemical evidence. The antibiotic SF2A and authentic tubercidin showed a high antifungal activity against the plant pathogenic fungi P. capsici, Botryosphaeria dothidea, and Rhizoctonia solani. Key words: Streptomyces violaceoniger, tubercidin, antifungal activity.

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6

OKI, TOSHIKAZU, KYOICHIRO SAITOH, KOZO TOMATSU, KOJI TOMITA, MASATAKA KONISHI, and HIROSHI KAWAGUCHI. "Novel Antifungal Antibiotic BMY-28567." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 544, no. 1 Antifungal Dr (December 1988): 184–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb40402.x.

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ANDO, OSAMU, HITOMI SATAKE, MUTSUO NAKAJIMA, AKIRA SATO, TAKEMICHI NAKAMURA, TAKESHI KINOSHITA, KOUHEI FURUYA, and TATSUO HANEISHI. "Synerazol, a new antifungal antibiotic." Journal of Antibiotics 44, no. 4 (1991): 382–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.44.382.

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8

Pawar, Kajal, Rutuja Gadhave, Swati Waydande, and Pravin Pawar. "Recent Trends in Antifungal Agents: A Reference to Formulation, Characterization and Applications." Drug Delivery Letters 9, no. 3 (August 20, 2019): 199–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210303109666190508082009.

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Background & Objectives: Fungi are the heterotrophic eukaryotic organisms which are useful as they causes the biodegradation. There are still some harmful species like yeasts, molds and dermatophytes which cause the infections. As the fungi are eukaryotics, they do not respond to the antibiotic therapy due to the limitations associated with the traditional antibiotic therapies. There are several antifungal agents introduced to treat such infections. These antifungal agents posses severe problems like drug resistance and toxicity due to the higher dose which comprises the need for newer alternatives over conventional dosage forms. Novel drug delivery systems proved to be a better approach to enhance the effectiveness of the antifungals and enhance patient compliance by reducing the adverse effect. Discussion: This review focused on the general information about fungal infections, types and mechanism of action of antifungal agents and overview of formulation approaches such as vesicular system, colloidal system, nanoparticulate system and in situ gelling which are often studied for antifungal treatments. Conclusion: We concluded that the novel drug delivery systems are the essential techniques for delivering the antifungal agents to their target site with desired concentration. Moreover, the researchers focused on these novel drug deliveries which mainly concentrate on controlling & sustaining the release of antifungal agents.

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9

Dubin, Marc G., Cindy Liu, Sandra Y. Lin, and Brent A. Senior. "American Rhinologic Society Member Survey on “Maximal Medical Therapy” for Chronic Rhinosinusitis." American Journal of Rhinology 21, no. 4 (July 2007): 483–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/ajr.2007.21.3047.

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Background “Maximal medical therapy” is the standard of care for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) treatment before the recommendation for surgery. However, this therapy is not consistent. Therefore, as a first step in determining the role of the disparate “maximal medical” treatments for CRS, American Rhinologic Society (ARS) members were surveyed. Methods A survey was mailed to all nonresident members of the ARS (n = 723). Focusing on the time period before surgical intervention is first considered for CRS patients, the survey assessed types of therapies, frequency of use, details on antibiotic and steroid usage, use of computed tomography (CT), and demographic data of respondents. All responses were anonymous. Results Three hundred eight surveys were returned (43%). A majority of respondents used oral antibiotics and nasal steroids “almost always (>90%).” Oral antibiotics, oral steroids, nasal steroids, saline irrigation, and allergy testing were most commonly used at least “usually (50–90%).” The median antibiotic length was 3.1–4 weeks. The mean peak prednisone dose was 51.7 mg when oral steroids were used. Therapies that were rarely or never used by the majority included oral antifungals, antifungal spray, antibiotic spray, antibiotic nebulizer, steroid nebulizer, and i.v. antibiotics. Conclusion Oral antibiotics (median, 3.1–4 weeks) and nasal steroids are used >90% of the time by a majority of ARS members for maximal medical treatment of CRS.

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10

URAMOTO, MASAKAZU, YIN-CHU SHEN, NAOMI TAKIZAWA, HIROO KUSAKABE, and KIYOSHI ISONO. "A new antifungal antibiotic, phosphazomycin A." Journal of Antibiotics 38, no. 5 (1985): 665–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.38.665.

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TANAKA, YOSHITAKE, KAZUKO HIRATA, YOKO TAKAHASHI, YUZURU IWAI, and SATOSHI OMURA. "Globopeptin, a new antifungal peptide antibiotic." Journal of Antibiotics 40, no. 2 (1987): 242–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.40.242.

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12

YAMAGUCHI, HIDEYO, KATSUHISA UCHIDA, TAMIO HIRATANI, TAKATOSHI NAGATE, NAOHARU WATANABE, and SADATOSHI OMURA. "RI-331, a New Antifungal Antibiotic." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 544, no. 1 Antifungal Dr (December 1988): 188–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb40403.x.

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13

Lin, Wen-Liang, Wen-Chien Ko, Pheng-Ying Yeh, Hui-Jen Chang, and Ching-Chuan Liu. "Antifungal consumption under antibiotic stewardship program." Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection 48, no. 2 (April 2015): S124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2015.02.437.

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14

Bromberg, Romina, Vivian Leung, Meghan Maloney, Anu Paranandi, and David Banach. "A Statewide Assessment of Antifungal Stewardship Activities in Acute-Care Hospitals in Connecticut." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.609.

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Background: Morbidity and mortality associated with invasive fungal infections and concerns of emerging antifungal resistance have highlighted the importance of optimizing antifungal therapy among hospitalized patients. Little is known about antifungal stewardship (AFS) practices among acute-care hospitals. We sought to assess AFS activities within Connecticut and to identify opportunities for improvement. Methods: An electronic survey assessing AFS practices was distributed to infectious disease physicians or pharmacy antibiotic stewardship program leaders in Connecticut hospitals. Survey questions evaluated AFS activities based on antibiotic stewardship principles, including several CDC Core Elements. Questions assessed antifungal restriction, prospective audit and feedback practices, antifungal utilization measurements, and the perceived utility of a local or statewide antifungal antibiogram. Results: Responses were received from 15 respondents, which represented 20 of 31 hospitals (65%); these hospitals made up the majority of the acute-care hospitals in Connecticut. Furthermore, 18 of these hospitals (58%) include antifungals in their stewardship programs. Also, 16 hospitals (52%) conduct routine review of antifungal ordering and provide feedback to providers for some antifungals, most commonly for amphotericin B, voriconazole, micafungin, isavuconazole, and flucytosine. All hospitals include guidance on intravenous (IV) to oral (PO) conversions, when appropriate. Only 14 of hospitals (45%) require practitioners to document indication(s) for systemic antifungal use. Most hospitals (17, 55%) provide recommendations for de-escalation of therapy in candidemia, though only 4 (13%) have institutional guidelines for candidemia treatment, and only 11 hospital mandates an infectious diseases consultation for candidemia. Assessing outcomes pertaining to antifungal utilization is uncommon; only 8 hospitals (26%) monitor days of therapy and 5 (16%) monitor antifungal expenditures. Antifungal susceptibility testing on Candida bloodstream isolates is performed routinely at 6 of the hospitals (19%). Most respondents (19, 95%) support developing an antibiogram for Candida bloodstream isolates at the statewide level. Conclusions: Although AFS interventions occur in Connecticut hospitals, there are opportunities for enhancement, such as providing institutional guidelines for candidemia treatment and mandating infectious diseases consultation for candidemia. The Connecticut Department of Public Health implemented statewide Candida bloodstream isolate surveillance in 2019, which includes antifungal susceptibility testing. The creation of a statewide antibiogram for Candida bloodstream infections is underway to support empiric antifungal therapy.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

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Krcmery, V., and E. Kalavsky. "CS10-02 Antibiotic and Antifungal Resistance in Antibiotic “Free” Environment." International Journal of Infectious Diseases 13 (August 2009): S13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1201-9712(09)60281-2.

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White, John Kerr, Jeppe Lund Nielsen, Jan Struckmann Poulsen, and Anne Mette Madsen. "Antifungal Resistance in Isolates of Aspergillus from a Pig Farm." Atmosphere 12, no. 7 (June 28, 2021): 826. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12070826.

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Antibiotic resistance in fungal isolates is increasing on a global scale. Despite knowledge that pig farmers are occupationally exposed to infectious species of fungi, such as Aspergillus spp., little is known regarding their potential exposure to antifungal-resistant Aspergillus spp. The aim of this study is to obtain knowledge regarding the antifungal resistance profiles of isolates of Aspergillus species taken from different source materials—including airborne dust, surface dust, faeces, and straw—within a pig farm. The EUCAST broth microdilution method was used for testing antifungal resistance from 43 isolates of Aspergillus sampled in 3 periods inside a Danish pig farm. Seven species of Aspergillus were obtained, including A. candidus (n = 5), A. fumigatus (n = 5), A. glaucus (n = 13), A. nidulans (n = 2), A. niger (n = 15), A. terreus (n = 1), and A. versicolor (n = 2). Overall, 27.9% of the Aspergillus isolates displayed resistance against at least one antifungal, and 11.6% of Aspergillus isolates displayed resistance against multiple antifungals. The most abundant group exhibiting antifungal resistance was affiliated with the species A. niger, with isolates exhibiting resistance to itraconazole, voriconazole, and caspofungin. One isolate of A. glaucus and two isolates of A. versicolor were resistant to amphotericin B (MIC ≥ 2 mg/L amphotericin B). Antibiotic-resistant fungi were found on all three sampling days.

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Mojicevic, Marija, Jovana Grahovac, Milos Petkovic, Ivan Vuckovic, Jelena Dodic, Sinisa Dodic, and Sandra Vojnovic. "Production of nigericin and niphimycin by soil isolate Streptomyces sp. MS1: Anti-Candida bioassay guided response surface methodology for the optimized culture medium." Facta universitatis - series: Physics, Chemistry and Technology 15, no. 1 (2017): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fupct1701001m.

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Anti-Candida bioassay guided optimization of the culture medium was used in order to enhance the antifungal activity of the soil isolate MS1. Its morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics, as well as 16S rDNA sequencing, assigned an MS1 isolate to genus Streptomyces. Optimization of the culture medium was achieved by experimental factorial design and response surface methodology. Maximal antifungal components production was obtained with starch, soybean meal and phosphates content of 40.52, 5.10 and 2.21 g/L, respectively. Chromatography and 1H and 13CNMR spectroscopy were employed for purification and structural characterization of antifungal antibiotics concurrently produced by this strain. These antibiotics were identified as polyether carboxylic antibiotic nigericin and guanidyl-polyol macrolide, niphimycin.

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OKI, TOSHIKAZU, MINORU HIRANO, KOZO TOMATSU, KEI-ICHI NUMATA, and HIDEO KAMEI. "Cispentacin, a new antifungal antibiotic. II. In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities." Journal of Antibiotics 42, no. 12 (1989): 1756–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.42.1756.

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19

AKAGAWA, AKIRAN, YOSHITAKE TANAKA, KAZUHIKO OTOGURO, SATOSHI OMURA, TOSHIMITSU TAKIGUCHI, and YUKO ARAI. "A new antifungal antibiotic, 3'-O-decarbamoylirumamycin." Journal of Antibiotics 38, no. 9 (1985): 1266–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.38.1266.

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MUKHOPADHYAY, TRIPTIKUMAR, KIRITY ROY, R. G. BHAT, S. N. SAWANT, J. BLUMBACH, B. N. GANGULI, H. W. FEHLHABER, and H. KOGLER. "Deoxymulundocandin-A new echinocandin type antifungal antibiotic." Journal of Antibiotics 45, no. 5 (1992): 618–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.45.618.

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KOHNO, JUN, MAKI NISHIO, KIMIO KAWANO, SHIN-ICHI SUZUKI, and SABURO KOMATSUBARA. "TMC-34, a New Macrolide Antifungal Antibiotic." Journal of Antibiotics 48, no. 10 (1995): 1173–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.48.1173.

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KIHARA, TSUYOSHI, HIROYUKI KOSHINO, YIN-CHU SHIN, ISAMU YAMAGUCHI, and KIYOSHI ISONO. "Liposidolide A, a New Antifungal Macrolide Antibiotic." Journal of Antibiotics 48, no. 11 (1995): 1385–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.48.1385.

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23

Chi, Gloria C., Kaitlin Benedict, Karlyn D. Beer, Brendan R. Jackson, Orion McCotter, Fagen Xie, Jean M. Lawrence, and Sara Y. Tartof. "Antibiotic and antifungal treatment among persons with confirmed coccidioidomycosis — Southern California, 2011." Medical Mycology 58, no. 3 (July 9, 2019): 411–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myz073.

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Abstract We investigated coccidioidomycosis testing and treatment patterns among persons in an integrated healthcare delivery system to identify gaps in diagnosis and treatment. Coccidioidomycosis diagnosis delays were common. Among persons who tested positive, 70% were prescribed antibiotics before positive coccidioidomycosis tests. Antibiotic treatment decreased and antifungal treatment increased after positive testing.

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Radha Krishna, Palakodety, and Palabindela Srinivas. "Total synthesis of the antifungal antibiotic PF1163A." Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 23, no. 10 (May 2012): 769–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetasy.2012.05.013.

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Nishiyama, Shigeru, Kazuhiko Nakamura, Yoshikazu Suzuki, and Shosuke Yamamura. "Synthesis of piperazinomycin, a novel antifungal antibiotic." Tetrahedron Letters 27, no. 37 (January 1986): 4481–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(00)84984-9.

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26

Veeresa, G., and Apurba Datta. "Stereoselective synthesis of the antifungal antibiotic (+)-preussin." Tetrahedron 54, no. 51 (December 1998): 15673–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4020(98)00981-8.

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27

Evans, David A., and Brian T. Connell. "Synthesis of the Antifungal Macrolide Antibiotic (+)-Roxaticin." Journal of the American Chemical Society 125, no. 36 (September 2003): 10899–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja027638q.

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Dolle, Roland E., and Lawrence I. Kruse. "Synthesis of antifungal antibiotic A25822 factor A." Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, no. 2 (1988): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c39880000133.

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Phillips, Dennis R., Masakazu Uramoto, Kiyoshi Isono, and James A. McCloskey. "Structure of the antifungal nucleotide antibiotic phosmidosine." Journal of Organic Chemistry 58, no. 4 (February 1993): 854–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00056a017.

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Melhaoui, Ahmed, Monique Mallea, Akino Jossang, and Bernard Bodo. "Antibiotic and Antifungal Pyrrolidine Alkaloids, fromArisarum vulgare." Natural Product Letters 2, no. 3 (May 1993): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10575639308043815.

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Wang, Xiaoning, Guili Guo, Ruibo Cai, Pengcheng He, and Mei Zhang. "Utility of serum galactomannan antigen testing combined with chest computed tomography for early diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with hematological malignancies with febrile neutropenia after antifungal drug treatment." Journal of International Medical Research 47, no. 2 (November 26, 2018): 783–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300060518811472.

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Objective To investigate the value of serum galactomannan antigen (GM) testing combined with chest computed tomography (CT) as a noninvasive method for early diagnosis of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) in patients with hematological malignancies with febrile neutropenia after antifungal drug treatment. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of 376 patients with febrile neutropenia from January 2015 to August 2017. All patients were given broad-spectrum antibiotics and divided into the control group (effective antibiotic treatment, no antifungal drugs given) and the observational group (ineffective antibiotic treatment, antifungal drugs given). The serum GM testing, chest CT, and microbiological examination findings were compared between the two groups. Results The false-positive rates of GM testing for IPA in the control and observational groups were 4.04% and 8.65%, respectively, and the false-negative rates in the two groups were 1.10% and 9.62%, respectively. Sixty-five patients in the observational group and 11 in the control group had typical features of CT imaging. Conclusion Clinical weekly screening of serum GM and chest CT may be an effective combined approach to the early diagnosis of IPA in patients with febrile neutropenia, even if they have undergone antifungal treatment.

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Lestner, J. M., A. Versporten, K. Doerholt, A. Warris, E. Roilides, M. Sharland, J. Bielicki, and H. Goossens. "Systemic Antifungal Prescribing in Neonates and Children: Outcomes from the Antibiotic Resistance and Prescribing in European Children (ARPEC) Study." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 59, no. 2 (November 17, 2014): 782–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.04109-14.

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ABSTRACTThe appropriate use of systemic antifungals is vital in the prevention and treatment of invasive fungal infection (IFI) in immunosuppressed children and neonates. This multicenter observational study describes the inpatient prescribing practice of antifungal drugs for children and neonates and identifies factors associated with prescribing variability. A single-day point prevalence study of antimicrobial use in hospitalized neonates and children was performed between October and December 2012. The data were entered through a study-specific Web-based portal using a standardized data entry protocol. Data were recorded from 17,693 patients from 226 centers. A total of 136 centers recorded data from 1,092 children and 380 neonates receiving at least one antifungal agent. The most frequently prescribed systemic antifungals were fluconazole (n= 355) and amphotericin B deoxycholate (n= 195). The most common indications for antifungal administration in children were medical prophylaxis (n= 325), empirical treatment of febrile neutropenia (n= 122), and treatment of confirmed or suspected IFI (n= 100 [14%]). The treatment of suspected IFI in low-birthweight neonates accounted for the majority of prescriptions in the neonatal units (n= 103). An analysis of variance (ANOVA) demonstrated no significant effect of clinical indication (prophylaxis or treatment of systemic or localized infection) on the total daily dose (TDD). Fewer than one-half of the patients (n= 371) received a TDD within the dosing range recommended in the current guidelines. Subtherapeutic doses were prescribed in 416 cases (47%). The predominance of fluconazole and high incidence of subtherapeutic doses in participating hospitals may contribute to suboptimal clinical outcomes and an increased predominance of resistant pathogenic fungi. A global consensus on antifungal dosing and coordinated stewardship programs are needed to promote the consistent and appropriate use of antifungal drugs in neonates and children.

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Zalzstein, Eli, Nili Zucker, and Aviva Levitas. "The role of tissue plasminogen activator in the successful treatment of infected cardiac thrombus in children." Cardiology in the Young 11, no. 3 (May 2001): 355–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951101000403.

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Infected cardiac thrombus is rare in children, with antibiotic or antifungal agents used as the first line of treatment. Persistence is an indication for surgical intervention. We describe two children who were treated successfully with a combination of antibiotic and antithrombotic agents. Use of antithrombotic agents promotes degeneration of fibrin, thus reducing the mass and facilitating the diffusion of the antibiotic and/or antifungal agents.

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Yang, Ping. "The Antibiosis of Trichoderma asperellum Resistance Plant Pathogenic Fungi." Advanced Materials Research 1073-1076 (December 2014): 1067–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1073-1076.1067.

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T. asperellumhas been turned out was an important biocontrol fungus and can antagonize many plant pathogenic fungi through a variety of biocontrol mechanisms. The antibiosis was considered one of important mechanisms. The antibiosis ofT.asperellumresistance plant pathogenic fungi was examined in this paper. The antibiotic biosynthetic gene polyketide synthase genepksT1can be induced by pathogens. Moreover, the growth of the plant pathogens was inhibited byT. asperellumsecondary metabolites. The yield of antibiotic 6-PP was 1.32 mg 6-PP/g mycelial dry weight.T. asperellumcontrol plant pathogens through producing antifungal metabolites.

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Borzyszkowska-Bukowska, Julia, Justyna Górska, Paweł Szczeblewski, Tomasz Laskowski, Iwona Gabriel, Jakub Jurasz, Katarzyna Kozłowska-Tylingo, Piotr Szweda, and Sławomir Milewski. "Quest for the Molecular Basis of Improved Selective Toxicity of All-Trans Isomers of Aromatic Heptaene Macrolide Antifungal Antibiotics." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 18 (September 18, 2021): 10108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221810108.

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Three aromatic heptaene macrolide antifungal antibiotics, Candicidin D, Partricin A (Gedamycin) and Partricin B (Vacidin) were subjected to controlled cis-trans→ all trans photochemical isomerization. The obtained all-trans isomers demonstrated substantially improved in vitro selective toxicity in the Candida albicans cells: human erythrocytes model. This effect was mainly due to the diminished hemotoxicity. The molecular modeling studies on interactions between original antibiotics and their photoisomers with ergosterol and cholesterol revealed some difference in free energy profiles of formation of binary antibiotic/sterol complexes in respective membrane environments. Moreover, different geometries of heptaene: sterol complexes and variations in polyene macrolide molecule alignment in cholesterol-and ergosterol-containing membranes were found. None of these effects are of the crucial importance for the observed improvement of selective toxicity of aromatic heptaene antifungals but each seems to provide a partial contribution.

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Tintino, Saulo R., Celestina E. S. Souza, Gláucia M. M. Guedes, Jaqueline I. V. Costa, Francisco M. Duarte, Maria Célia O. Chaves, Viviane A. Silva, et al. "Modulatory antimicrobial activity of piper arboreum extracts." Acta Botanica Croatica 73, no. 1 (April 1, 2014): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/botcro-2013-0026.

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AbstractThe side effects of certain antibiotics have been a recent dilemma in the medical arena. Due this fact, the necessity of natural product discovery could provide important indications against several pharmacological targets and combat many infectious agents. Piper arboreum Aub. (Piperaceae) has been used by Brazilian traditional communities against several illnesses including rheumatism, bronchitis, sexually transmitted diseases and complaints of the urinary tract. Medicinal plants are a source of several remedies used in clinical practice to combat microbial infections. In this study, ethanol extract and fractions of Piper arboreum leaves were used to assay antimicrobial and modulatory activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using microdilution method of ethanol extract and fractions from the leaves of P. arboreum ranging between 8 and 1024 μg mL-1. The capacity of these natural products to enhance the activity of antibiotic and antifungal drugs was also assayed. In these tests, natural products were combined with drugs. The natural products assayed did not demonstrate any clinically relevant antimicrobial activity (MIC ≥ 1024 μg mL-1). However, the modulation of antibiotic activity assay observed a synergistic activity of natural products combined with antifungal (such as nystatin and amphotericin B) and antibiotic drugs (such as amikacin, gentamicin and kanamycin). According to these results, these natural products can be an interesting alternative not only to combat infectious diseases caused by bacteria or fungi, but also to combat enhanced resistance of microorganisms to antibiotic and antifungal drugs.

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Kotrange, Harshada, Agnieszka Najda, Aarti Bains, Robert Gruszecki, Prince Chawla, and Mansuri M. Tosif. "Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticle as a Novel Antibiotic Carrier for the Direct Delivery of Antibiotics." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 17 (September 4, 2021): 9596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179596.

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In addition to the benefits, increasing the constant need for antibiotics has resulted in the development of antibiotic bacterial resistance over time. Antibiotic tolerance mainly evolves in these bacteria through efflux pumps and biofilms. Leading to its modern and profitable uses, emerging nanotechnology is a significant field of research that is considered as the most important scientific breakthrough in recent years. Metal nanoparticles as nanocarriers are currently attracting a lot of interest from scientists, because of their wide range of applications and higher compatibility with bioactive components. As a consequence of their ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria, nanoparticles have been shown to have significant antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and antiparasitic efficacy in the battle against antibiotic resistance in microorganisms. As a result, this study covers bacterial tolerance to antibiotics, the antibacterial properties of various metal nanoparticles, their mechanisms, and the use of various metal and metal oxide nanoparticles as novel antibiotic carriers for direct antibiotic delivery.

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Cybulska, Barbara, Karolina Kupczyk, Joanna Szlinder-Richert, and Edward Borowski. "Comparative in vitro studies on liposomal formulations of amphotericin B and its derivative, N-methyl-N-D-fructosyl amphotericin B methyl ester (MFAME)." Acta Biochimica Polonica 49, no. 1 (March 31, 2002): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2002_3822.

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N-Methyl-N-D-fructosyl amphotericin B methyl ester (MFAME) is a semisynthetic derivative of the antifungal antibiotic amphotericin B (AMB). In contrast to the parent antibiotic, the derivative is characterised by low toxicity to mammalian cells and good solubility in water of its salts. Comparative studies on biological properties of free MFAME, AMB and their liposomal formulations were performed. To obtain liposomal forms, the antibiotics were incorporated into small unilamellar vesicles composed of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and DMPC:cholesterol or ergosterol, 8:2 molar ratio. The effectivity of the liposomal and free forms of AMB and MFAME were compared by determination of fungistatic and fungicidal activity against Candida albicans ATCC 10261, potassium release from erythrocytes, and haemolysis. The results obtained indicate that in contrast to AMB, incorporation of MFAME into liposomes did not further improve its selective toxicity. Studies on the antagonistic effect of ergosterol and cholesterol on the antifungal activity of the antibiotics indicated that sterol interference was definitely less pronounced in the case of MFAME than in the case of AMB.

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Al-Asmari, Abdulrahman K., Rajamohamed Abbasmanthiri, Nasreddien M. Abdo Osman, Yunus Siddiqui, Faisal Ahmed Al-Bannah, Abdulgadir M. Al-Rawi, and Sarah A. Al-Asmari. "Assessment of the Antimicrobial Activity of Few Saudi Arabian Snake Venoms." Open Microbiology Journal 9, no. 1 (July 31, 2015): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874285801509010018.

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BackgroundVenoms of two cobras, four vipers, a standard antibiotic and an antimycotic, were evaluated comparatively, as antimicrobials.Methods:Six venom concentrations and three of the standard antibiotic and the antimycotic were run in micro-dilution and diffusion plates against the microorganisms.RESULTS:Echis pyramidum, Echis coloratus andCerastes cerastes gasperettiihighest venom concentrations gave significant growth inhibition zones (GIZ) with respect to a negative control, exceptBitis arietans, whose concentrations were significant. The cobraWalterinnesia aegyptiahad significant venom concentrations more thanNaja haje arabica. TheStaphylococcus aureusMethicillin Resistant (MRSA) bacterium was the most susceptible, with a highly (P < 0.001) significant GIZ mean difference followed by the Gram positiveStaphylococcus aureus, (P < 0.001),Escherichia coli(P < 0.001),Enterococcus faecalis(P < 0.001) andPseudomonas aeruginosawhich, had the least significance (P < 0.05). The fungusCandida albicanswas resistant to both viper and cobra venoms (P > 0.05). The antibiotic Vancomycin was more effective than snake venoms though, they were more efficient in inhibiting growth of the resistantPseudomonas aeruginosa. This antibiotic was also inactive against the fungus, whilst its specific antifungal Fungizone was highly efficient with no antibacterial activity.Conclusions:These findings showed that snake venoms had antibacterial activity comparable to antibiotics, with a directly proportional relationship of venom concentration and GIZ, though, they were more efficient in combatting resistant types of bacteria. Both venoms and the standard antibiotic, showed no antifungal benefits.

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Graeme-Cook, K. A., and J. L. Faull. "Effect of ultraviolet-induced mutants of Trichoderma harzianum with altered antibiotic production on selected pathogens in vitro." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 37, no. 9 (September 1, 1991): 659–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m91-112.

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Mutants of Trichoderma harzianum with altered antibotic production were isolated using ultraviolet light mutagenesis. These included strains whose activity in a Fusarium oxysporum spore germination assay was greater than twice that of the parental strain and one that had no detectable antifungal activity. Characterisation of extracellular metabolites of these strains using thin-layer chromatography and gas–liquid chromatography showed that the strains with high activity produced not only elevated levels of a 6-n-pentyl pyrone, the antibiotic produced by the parental strain, but two new antifungal compounds. One of these has been identified as an isonitrile antibiotic. The nature of the interactions of the mutants with Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizoctonia solani, and Pythium ultimum was examined in an in vitro dual-plating assay using two media. High antibiotic production by two T. harzianum strains, BC10 and BC63, did increase inhibition of hyphal growth of R. solani and P. ultimum, but there was no correlation between increased antibiotic production and colonisation ability. In some cases the increased antibiotic levels appeared to impede colonisation of F. oxysporum and R. solani by the mutants. Slow growth rate also affected colonising ability. The types of interactions showed great variability depending on the nature of the T. harzianum isolate and on the test fungus. Key words: Trichoderma harzianum, antibiotics, mutants, colonisation ability.

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Ghosh, Samir, A. Sanjeev Kumar, G. N. Mehta, R. Soundararajan, and Subhabrata Sen. "Formal synthesis of piperazinomycin, a novel antifungal antibiotic." Arkivoc 2009, no. 7 (March 27, 2009): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3998/ark.5550190.0010.707.

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Chakor, Narayan, Sabrina Dallavalle, Loana Musso, and Maddalena Moretti. "First total synthesis of the antifungal antibiotic thiobutacin." Tetrahedron Letters 49, no. 34 (August 2008): 5056–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tetlet.2008.06.036.

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Gogoi, Naminita, Joshodeep Boruwa, and Nabin C. Barua. "A Concise Total Synthesis of Antifungal Antibiotic (+)-Preussin." European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2006, no. 7 (April 2006): 1722–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.200500833.

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Chaplin, Steve. "ESPAUR 2016: antibiotic and antifungal prescribing in England." Prescriber 28, no. 3 (March 2017): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/psb.1547.

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Lee, Jung Yeop, Surk Sik Moon, Bong Sik Yun, Ick Dong Yoo, and Byung Kook Hwang. "Thiobutacin, a Novel Antifungal and Antioomycete Antibiotic fromLechevalieriaaerocolonigenes." Journal of Natural Products 67, no. 12 (December 2004): 2076–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np049786v.

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URAMOTO, MASAKAZU, YUMIKO ITOH, RITSUKO SEKIGUCHI, KAZUO SHIN-YA, HIROO KUSAKABE, and KIYOSHI ISONO. "A new antifungal antibiotic, cystargin: Fermentation, isolation, and characterization." Journal of Antibiotics 41, no. 12 (1988): 1763–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.41.1763.

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NAKAGAWA, AKIRA, SATOMI MIURA, HARUMITSU IMAI, NOBUTAKA IMAMURA, and SATOSHI OMURA. "Structure and biosynthesis of a new antifungal antibiotic, phthoramycin." Journal of Antibiotics 42, no. 8 (1989): 1324–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.42.1324.

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PHAY, NYUNT, HIROSHI YADA, TAKAKO HIGASHIYAMA, ATSUSHI YOKOTA, AKITAMI ICHIHARA, and FUSAO TOMITA. "NP-101A, Antifungal Antibiotic from Streptomyces aurantiogriseus NPO-101." Journal of Antibiotics 49, no. 7 (1996): 703–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.7164/antibiotics.49.703.

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Araujo da Silva, André Ricardo, Amanda Marques, Clara Di Biase, Monique Faitanin, Indah Murni, Angela Dramowski, Johannes Hübner, and Walter Zingg. "Effectiveness of antimicrobial stewardship programmes in neonatology: a systematic review." Archives of Disease in Childhood 105, no. 6 (March 10, 2020): 563–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-318026.

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IntroductionAntimicrobial stewardship programmes (ASPs) are recommended to improve antibiotic use in healthcare and reduce antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Our aim was to investigate the effectiveness of ASPs in reducing antibiotic consumption, use of broad-spectrum/restricted antibiotics, antibiotic resistance and healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in neonates.MethodsWe searched PUBMED, SCIELO, EMBASE and the Cochrane Database (January 2000–April 2019) to identify studies on the effectiveness of ASPs in neonatal wards and/or neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Outcomes were as follows: reduction of antibiotic consumption overall and of broad-spectrum/target antibiotics, inappropriate antibiotic use, antibiotic resistance and HAIs. ASPs conducted in settings other than acute care hospitals, for children older than 1 month, and ASPs addressing antifungal and antiviral agents, were excluded.ResultsThe initial search identified 53 173 titles and abstracts; following the application of filters and inclusion criteria, a total of six publications were included in the final analysis. All studies, of which one was multi-centre study, were published after 2010. Five studies were conducted exclusively in NICUs. Four articles applied multimodal interventions. Reduction of antibiotic consumption overall and/or inappropriate antibiotic use were reported by four articles; reduction of broad-spectrum/targeted antibiotics were reported by four studies; No article evaluated the impact of ASPs on AMR or the incidence of HAI in neonates.ConclusionASPs can be effectively applied in neonatal settings. Limiting the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and shorting the duration of antibiotic treatment are the most promising approaches. The impact of ASPs on AMR and HAI needs to be evaluated in long-term studies.

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MATSUNO, YUKO, TATSUYA HITOMI, TAKASHI ANO, and MAKOTO SHODA. "Transformation of Bacillus subtilis, antifungal-antibiotic iturin producers with isolated antibiotic resistance plasmids." Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 38, no. 1 (1992): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2323/jgam.38.13.

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