Academic literature on the topic 'Antifungal activiy'
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Journal articles on the topic "Antifungal activiy":
1
Pranata, Kadek Dwipayana, I. Gede Putu Wirawan, I. Putu Agus Hendra Wibawa, I. Ketut Suada, I. Nyoman Wijaya, and Trisna Agung Phabiola. "ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF SIAM CITRUS (Citrus nobilis L.) ESSENTIAL OIL AGAINTS Lasiodiplodia theobromae THE PATHOGEN OF BLENDOK DISEASE." International Journal of Biosciences and Biotechnology 11, no. 2 (April 30, 2024): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ijbb.2024.v11.i02.p08.
Abstract:
Siam citrus (C. nobilis L.) is a type of citrus that is most widely cultivated in Bangli Regency. The main disease that attacks citrus plants is blendok caused by the fungus L. theobromae. Based on research siam citrus peel contains essensial oils that have potential as antifungals. The aim of this study was to study chemical content of essensial oil from siam citrus peel and its activity as an antifungal againts L. theobromae. Essensial oil was destilled using hydro steam distillition and analyzed by means of GC-MS. Antifungal activiy testing was carried out using the agar-well diffusion method with concentrations of 1%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. Dithane M45 6 g/l and DMSO 10% were used as positive and negative controls. The results showed that the siam citrus peel from Kintamani, Bangli contains essensial oils with the main chemical components, i.e. D-limonene (57.26%), Beta-pinene (9.09%), and Beta-myrcene (4.03%) which has uses as an antifungal, additive, antitumor, asthma and allergy reliever, repellent, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, and antibacterial. Essential oil concentration of 25 to 100% can inhibit the growth of L. theobromae. The largest diameter of inhibition is shown at a concentration of 100% and the smallest diameter of inhibition is shown at a concentration of 25%. Keywords: C. nobilis L., essensial oils, GC-MS, L. Theobromae, antifungal
2
Andrade, B. S., R. Matias, B. O. Corrêa, A. K. M. Oliveira, D. G. F. Guidolin, and A. R. Roel. "Phytochemistry, antioxidant potential and antifungal of Byrsonima crassifolia on soil phytopathogen control." Brazilian Journal of Biology 78, no. 1 (July 10, 2017): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.166532.
Abstract:
Abstract The use of chemical defensives to control fungal diseases has by consequence to impact negatively over the environment and human health, this way, the use of plant extracts with antifungal properties along with proper cultural management makes viable an alternative plant production control, specially for familiar and organic cultures. The objective of this study was to perform phytochemical and antioxidant analysis of Byrsonima crassifolia (canjiqueira) barks and evaluate its antifungal potential over Fusarium solani and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum mycelial growth. The ethanol extract from plants collected in Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil was submitted to phytochemical prospection, total phenol and flavonoids quantification and antioxidant activiy determination (DPPH). To evaluate antifungal activity concentrations of 800, 1200, 1600, 2000 and 2400 µg 100 mL-1 of ethanol extract were used. Which concentration was separately incorporated in agar (PDA) and shed in Petri dishes, followed by the fungi mycelial disc where the colonies diameter was measured daily. Negatives control with agar without extract and agar with an ethanol solution were used. The B. crassifolia ethanol extract presented inhibitory activity over the fungi studied where concentrations of 800 and 1600 µg 100 mL-1, inhibited 38% of the mycelial growth of F. solani; to S. sclerotiorum the best concentration was 2400 µg 100 mL1, reducing 37.5%. The antifungal bark extract potential of this specie is attributed to phenolic compounds and to triterpenes derivatives.
3
Vahedi-Shahandashti, Roya, and Cornelia Lass-Flörl. "Novel Antifungal Agents and Their Activity against Aspergillus Species." Journal of Fungi 6, no. 4 (October 9, 2020): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof6040213.
Abstract:
There is a need for new antifungal agents, mainly due to increased incidence of invasive fungal infections (IFI), high frequency of associated morbidity and mortality and limitations of the current antifungal agents (e.g., toxicity, drug–drug interactions, and resistance). The clinically available antifungals for IFI are restricted to four main classes: polyenes, flucytosine, triazoles, and echinocandins. Several antifungals are hampered by multiple resistance mechanisms being present in fungi. Consequently, novel antifungal agents with new targets and modified chemical structures are required to combat fungal infections. This review will describe novel antifungals, with a focus on the Aspergillus species.
4
Bouz, Ghada, and Martin Doležal. "Advances in Antifungal Drug Development: An Up-To-Date Mini Review." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 12 (December 16, 2021): 1312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14121312.
Abstract:
The utility of clinically available antifungals is limited by their narrow spectrum of activity, high toxicity, and emerging resistance. Antifungal drug discovery has always been a challenging area, since fungi and their human host are eukaryotes, making it difficult to identify unique targets for antifungals. Novel antifungals in clinical development include first-in-class agents, new structures for an established target, and formulation modifications to marketed antifungals, in addition to repurposed agents. Membrane interacting peptides and aromatherapy are gaining increased attention in the field. Immunotherapy is another promising treatment option, with antifungal antibodies advancing into clinical trials. Novel targets for antifungal therapy are also being discovered, allowing the design of new promising agents that may overcome the resistance issue. In this mini review, we will summarize the current status of antifungal drug pipelines in clinical stages, and the most recent advancements in preclinical antifungal drug development, with special focus on their chemistry.
5
Burger-Kentischer, Anke, Doris Finkelmeier, Petra Keller, Jörg Bauer, Holger Eickhoff, Gerald Kleymann, Walid Abu Rayyan, et al. "A Screening Assay Based on Host-Pathogen Interaction Models Identifies a Set of Novel Antifungal Benzimidazole Derivatives." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 55, no. 10 (July 11, 2011): 4789–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01657-10.
Abstract:
ABSTRACTFungal infections are a serious health problem in clinics, especially in the immune-compromised patient. Disease ranges from widespread superficial infections like vulvovaginal infections to life-threatening systemic candidiasis. Especially for systemic mycoses, only a limited arsenal of antifungals is available. The most commonly used classes of antifungal compounds used include azoles, polyenes, and echinocandins. Due to emerging resistance to standard therapy, significant side effects, and high costs for several antifungals, there is a medical need for new antifungals in the clinic and general practice. In order to expand the arsenal of compounds with antifungal activities, we screened a compound library including more than 35,000 individual compounds derived from organic synthesis as well as combinatorial compound collections representing mixtures of compounds for antimycotic activity. In total, more than 100,000 compounds were screened using a new type of activity-selectivity assay, analyzing both the antifungal activity and the compatibility with human cells at the same time. One promising hit, an (S)-2-aminoalkyl benzimidazole derivative, was developed among a series of lead compounds showing potent antifungal activity. (S)-2-(1-Aminoisobutyl)-1-(3-chlorobenzyl) benzimidazole showed the highest antifungal activity and the best compatibility with human cells in several cell culture models and against a number of clinical isolates of several species of pathogenicCandidayeasts. Transcriptional profiling indicates that the newly discovered compound is a potential inhibitor of the ergosterol pathway, in contrast to other benzimidazole derivatives, which target microtubules.
6
Klochenko, Peter D., Irina A. Elanskaya, Tatyana F. Shevchenko, and Elena V. Sokolova. "Antifungal activity of freshwater cyanobacteria." Algological Studies/Archiv für Hydrobiologie, Supplement Volumes 103 (December 3, 2001): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/algol_stud/103/2001/143.
7
Wiederhold, Nathan P. "Pharmacodynamics, Mechanisms of Action and Resistance, and Spectrum of Activity of New Antifungal Agents." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 8 (August 16, 2022): 857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8080857.
Abstract:
Several new antifungals are currently in late-stage development, including those with novel pharmacodynamics/mechanisms of action that represent new antifungal classes (manogepix, olorofim, ATI-2307, GR-2397). Others include new agents within established classes or with mechanisms of action similar to clinically available antifungals (ibrexafungerp, rezafungin, oteseconazole, opelconazole, MAT2203) that have been modified in order to improve certain characteristics, including enhanced pharmacokinetics and greater specificity for fungal targets. Many of the antifungals under development also have activity against Candida and Aspergillus strains that have reduced susceptibility or acquired resistance to azoles and echinocandins, whereas others demonstrate activity against species that are intrinsically resistant to most clinically available antifungals. The tolerability and drug–drug interaction profiles of these new agents also appear to be promising, although the number of human subjects that have been exposed to many of these agents remains relatively small. Overall, these agents have the potential for expanding our antifungal armamentarium and improving clinical outcomes in patients with invasive mycoses.
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Lemriss, S., F. Laurent, A. Couble, E. Casoli, J. M. Lancelin, D. Saintpierre-Bonaccio, S. Rifai, A. Fassouane, and P. Boiron. "Screening of nonpolyenic antifungal metabolites produced by clinical isolates of actinomycetes." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 49, no. 11 (November 1, 2003): 669–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/w03-088.
Abstract:
The purpose of this work was to screen clinical isolates of actinomycetes producing nonpolyenic antifungals. This choice was made to limit the problem of rediscovery of well-known antifungal families, especially polyenic antifungals. One hundred and ten strains were tested, using two diffusion methods and two test media, against three yeast species and three filamentous fungi. Among 54 strains (49%) showing antifungal activity, five strains belonging to the genus Streptomyces were active against all test organisms and appeared promising. These results indicate that clinical and environmental isolates of actinomycetes could be an interesting source of antifungal bioactive substances. The production of nonpolyenic antifungal substances by these five active isolates was investigated using several criteria: antibacterial activity, ergosterol inhibition, and UV-visible spectra of active extracts. One active strain responded to all three selection criteria and produced potentially nonpolyenic antifungal metabolites. This strain was retained for further investigation, in particular, purification, structure elucidation, and mechanism of action of the active product.Key words: actinomycetes, Streptomyces, clinical isolates, antifungal, non-polyene.
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Brilhante, Raimunda SN, Vandbergue S. Pereira, Jonathas S. Oliveira, Anderson M. Rodrigues, Zoilo P. de Camargo, Waldemiro A. Pereira-Neto, Nilberto RF Nascimento, et al. "Terpinen-4-ol inhibits the growth of Sporothrix schenckii complex and exhibits synergism with antifungal agents." Future Microbiology 14, no. 14 (September 2019): 1221–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fmb-2019-0146.
Abstract:
Aim: This study investigated the effect of terpinen-4-ol against Sporothrix schenckii complex and its interactions with antifungals. Materials & methods: The antifungal activity of terpinen-4-ol was evaluated by broth microdilution. The potential effect on cellular ergosterol concentration was evaluated by spectrophotometry. The antibiofilm activity was evaluated by violet crystal staining and XTT reduction assay. The potential pharmacological interactions with antifungals were evaluated by the checkerboard assay. Results: terpinen-4-ol (T-OH) showed minimal inhibitory concentrations ranging from 4 to 32 mg/l decreasing cellular ergosterol content and presented a SMIC ranging from 64 to 1024 mg/l for Sporothrix spp. The combinations of T-OH with itraconazole or terbinafine were synergistic. Conclusion: T-OH has antifungal activity against Sporothrix spp. and acts synergistically with standard antifungals.
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Grayton, Quincy E., Ivie L. Conlon, Christopher A. Broberg, and Mark H. Schoenfisch. "Impact of Nitric Oxide-Release Kinetics on Antifungal Activity." Journal of Fungi 10, no. 5 (April 24, 2024): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof10050308.
Abstract:
Pathogenic fungi are an increasing health threat due to the rise in drug resistance. The limited number of antifungals currently available and growing incidence of multi-drug-resistant fungi has caused rising healthcare costs and a decreased quality of life for patients with fungal infections. Nitric oxide (NO) has previously been shown to act as an antimicrobial agent, albeit with a limited understanding of the effects of the NO-release kinetics against pathogenic fungi. Herein, the antifungal effects of four nitric oxide-releasing small molecules were studied against the pathogenic fungi Candida albicans, Candida auris, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus fumigatus, to demonstrate the broad-spectrum antifungal activity of NO. A bolus dose of NO was found to eradicate fungi after 24 h, where nitric oxide donors with shorter half-lives achieved antifungal activity at lower concentrations and thus had wider selectivity indexes. Each NO donor was found to cause a severe surface destruction of fungi, and all NO donors exhibited compatibility with currently prescribed antifungals against several different fungi species.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Antifungal activiy":
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Pham, Giang Nam. "Développement de nouveaux antibiotiques dirigés contre des bactéries multirésistantes à partir de microorganismes marins inexploités." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ5028.
Abstract:
La vaste diversité biologique et chimique dans l'environnement marin en fait une ressource précieuse pour la découverte de nouveaux antibiotiques, en réponse à l'émergence de la crise des antibiotiques à l'échelle mondiale. Cependant, le taux de découverte de nouveaux médicaments d'origine marine semble insuffisant par rapport à son potentiel. Dans un effort pour contribuer à la recherche de composés prometteurs pour le développement de nouveaux antibiotiques, nous avons étudié les métabolites secondaires et l'activité biologique de quatre souches de champignons : Fusarium equiseti, Anthracocystis flocculosa, Scedosporium dehoogii et Amesia nigricolor.En ce qui concerne les composants chimiques, 45 composés ont été isolés, appartenant principalement aux classes des chromones, des alcaloïdes, des polykétides cycliques, des glycolipides, des sesquiterpènes et des naphtalènes. 18 composés (représentant 40 %) ont été identifiés comme nouveaux composés. Les structures de ces composés ont été élucidées en utilisant une combinaison de HRMS, de RMN, de diffraction des rayons X, de méthode de Mosher modifiée et de calculs chimiques quantiques (de ECD et analyse de probabilité ML-J-DP4 et DP4+). Parmi eux, les déhoogiikétones A-B (C3.1-2) isolées du champignon S. dehoogii possédaient des squelettes de bergamotène réarrangés, décrits pour la première fois dans la nature.En ce qui concerne l'activité biologique, six dérivés de fusarochromanone (C2.1-6) isolés de F. equiseti (dont deux sont nouveaux : C2.2, C2.6) ont montré une cytotoxicité allant de forte à modérée sur trois lignées cellulaires testées (RPE1, HCT-116, U2OS). Seuls deux de ces composés ont présenté une activité d'inhibition contre trois (ABL1, JAK3, EphB1) des seize kinases protéiques testées. Seuls trois flocculosines A-C (C3.1-3) sur huit dérivés isolés d'A. flocculosa ont montré une activité antibactérienne contre S. aureus S25. Ces résultats ont révélé la relation structure-activité des dérivés de fusarochromanone et de flocculosine.La equisetin (C2.8) isolée de F. equiseti a présenté une forte activité antibactérienne contre S. aureus S25 mais n'a montré aucune cytotoxicité sur trois lignées cellulaires testées (RPE1, HCT-116, U2OS). Les chaetochromines A et B (C5.7-8) ont présenté une forte activité antibactérienne mais ont montré une toxicité cellulaire allant de faible à modérée sur la lignée cellulaire (THP-1) et les cellules primaires testées (RBC, PBMC), indiquant une possible fenêtre thérapeutique. Ces trois composés méritent d'être étudiés davantage dans les étapes de développement des antibiotiquesThe enormous biological and chemical diversity in the marine environment is making it a valuable resource for the discovery of new antibiotics, in response to the emergence of antibiotic crisis worldwide. However, the rate of discovery of new marine-derived drugs seems insufficient compared to its potential. In an effort to contribute to the search for hit compounds for the development of new antibiotics, we investigated the secondảy metabolites and biological activity of four fungi strains: Fusarium equiseti, Anthracocystis flocculosa, Scedosporium dehoogii, and Amesia nigricolor.Regarding chemical components, 45 compounds were isolated, mainly belonging to chromones, alkaloids, cyclic polyketides, glycolipids, sesquiterpenes, and naphthalenes classes. 18 compounds (accounting for 40%) were identified as new compounds. The structures of these compounds were elucidated using a combination of HRMS, NMR, X-ray diffraction, modified Mosher's method, and quantum chemical calculations (ECD, ML-J-DP4, and DP4+ probability analysis). Among them, dehoogiiketones A-B (C3.1-2) isolated from the fungus S. dehoogii possessed rearranged bergamotene skeletons, described for the first time in nature.Regarding biological activity, six fusarochromanone derivatives (C2.1-6) isolated from F. equiseti (two of which are new: C2.2, C2.6) showed cytotoxicity ranging from strong to moderate on three tested cell lines (RPE1, HCT-116, U2OS). Only two of these compounds exhibited inhibition activity against three (ABL1, JAK3, EphB1) out of sixteen tested protein kinases. Only three flocculosins A-C (C3.1-3) out of eight derivatives isolated from A. flocculosa showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus S25. These findings revealed the structure-activity relationship of fusarochromanone and flocculosin derivatives.Equisetin (C2.8) isolated from F. equiseti exhibited strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus S25 but showed no cytotoxicity on three tested cell lines (RPE1, HCT-116, U2OS). Chaetochromins A and B (C5.7-8) exhibited strong antibacterial activity but showed cell toxicity ranging from weak to moderate on tested cell line (THP-1) and primary cells (RBC, PBMC) isolated from the blood of healthy donors, indicating a possible therapeutic window. These three compounds are worthy of further research stages in antibiotic development
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Magnusson, Jesper. "Antifungal activity of lactic acid bacteria /." Uppsala : Dept. of Microbiology, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/a397.pdf.
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Musso, L. "Analogues of natural products with antifungal activity." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/49159.
4
Hansen, Bruce Richard. "Antifungal activity of some New Zealand fungal isolates." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Plant and Microbial Sciences, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6849.
Abstract:
The secondary metabolism of organisms, especially mycelial fungi, is attracting increasing attention since it may produce a reservoir of unique molecules from which therapeutic agents are formed or derived for clinical application
The production of secondary metabolites is not well understood and involves a broad spectrum of metabolic processes that often have little in common. This study screened a number of New Zealand isolates, mostly of the Arthrinium genus, and assessed their antifungal activity. The primary screening used for this study consisted of agar diffusion tests with a range of filamentous fungi and yeast. Secondary screening was also started, with active cultures being chemically extracted.
It was found that New Zealand isolates of Arthrinium phaeospermum display antifungal activity against yeasts and filamentous fungi, as well as bacteria. The teleomorphic state of an Arthrinium sp., Apiospora montagnei, was found to have activity against the yeast S. cerevisiae. In addition, activity against two filamentous fungi by Apiospora montagnei was demonstrated. In the course of this study, a contaminant fungus displaying antifungal activity was isolated and screened. It was found to have antifungal activity against C. albicans and filamentous fungi, as well as bacteria.
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Fewell, Alison. "Interactive antifungal activity between co-occurring Solanum glycoalkaloids." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359158.
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de, Beer Irving. "Screening of plant-mediated nanoparticles for antifungal activity." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7955.
Abstract:
>Magister Scientiae - MScNanotechnology is spreading rapidly across the world as an extremely powerful technology. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are innovative scientific advancements that have been introduced only in this century. Nanotechnology has developed as the scientific advancement to grow and transform the entire agri-food area, with the potential to elevate global food production, in addition to the nutritional value, quality, and safety of food and food products. It has gained recognition due to its variability in shape, size, and dimension and how it correlates to its possibilities. One of those functions is nanoparticles’ (NPs) ability to have antimicrobial activity, more specifically its antifungal activity. One particular pathway of synthesising NPs is through phytonanotechnology which is the use of biomaterial to synthesis the NPs.
2024
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Palamar, A. O. "Antimicrobial and antifungal activity of certain imidazole compounds." Thesis, БДМУ, 2021. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/18908.
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Le, Lay Céline. "Recherche de microorganismes antifongiques pour la réduction des risques de contaminations fongiques dans les produits de BVP et étude des molécules actives." Thesis, Brest, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BRES0092/document.
Abstract:
Les moisissures sont responsables de contaminations sur les produits de BVP et induisent des pertes économiques conséquentes. Dans ce contexte, les cultures bioprotectrices représentent un intérêt croissant comme alternative aux conservateurs chimiques. L’objectif de la première partie de cette étude a été d’évaluer in vitro et in situ l’activité antifongique de bactéries lactiques et propioniques contre cinq moisissures contaminants isolées de produits de BVP. Les bactéries les plus actives pendant les tests in vitro ont été testées in situ par pulvérisation de surface. Sur le milieu WFH, les isolats bactériens les plus actifs correspondent aux espèces Lactobacillus plantarum, reuteri et au groupe buchneri. Les souches plus actives après ces tests ont été testées par inclusion dans la recette du pain au lait et différentes souches ont montré un effet retard en particulier la souche Leuconostoccitreum qui semble retarder la croissance de Penicillium corylophilum après 10 jours. Dans la deuxième partie de cette étude, les surnageants de cultures actifs sont analysés pour identifier les composés antifongiques grâce à différentes traitements et différentes méthode telle que l’HPLC et la spectrométrie de masse. Les résultats suggèrent que les acides organiques jouent un rôle prépondérant dans l’activité antifongique et ont montré que les composés antifongiques retrouvés correspondaient aux acides lactique, acétique et propionique, à l’éthanol et au peroxyde d’hydrogène, ainsi que d’autres composés mais à plus faible échelle. Sur ces résultats, différentes combinaisons des composés identifiés ont été testées pour leur effet sur la germination et la croissance radiale de P. corylophilum et E. repens. Certaines de ces combinaisons ont montré les mêmes effets que le surnageant actif ce qui confirme l’implication des molécules identifiées dans l’activité. Les résultats suggèrent que l’acide acétique est responsable de la totalité de l’activité antifongique observée sur P. corylophilum et qu’il joue un rôle important dans l’inhibition de E. repens. La souche bactérienne sélectionnée pourrait représenter une possibilité de culture bioprotectrice pour les produits de BVPMolds are responsible for the spoilage of bakery products and thus, cause substantial economic losses. In this context, bioprotective cultures represent a growing interest as an alternative to chemical preservatives. The aims of the first part of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in situ antifungal activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and propionibacteria against five moulds species isolated from bakery products. The most inhibitorybacteria found during the in vitro test were evaluated in situ after surface spraying. In WFH medium, the most active LAB isolates belonged to the Lactobacillus plantarum, reuteri and buchneri groups. The most active strains were added directly during “pains au lait” preparation and differents strains present delayed effect in particular a strain of Leuconostoc citreum which seems to delay the growth of Penicillium corylophilum after 10 days. In the second part, supernatants were analyzed to identified and quantified antifungal compounds by different treatments and different methods like HPLC, mass spectrometry. The results suggested that organic acids played the most important role in the antifungal activity and show that the main antifungal compounds corresponded to lactic, acetic and propionic acids, ethanol and hydrogen peroxide, as well as other compounds present at low levels. Based on these results, various combinations of the identified compounds were used to evaluate their effect on spore germination and fungal growth of P. corylophilum and E. repens. Some combinations presented the same activity than the bacterial culture supernatant thus confirming the involvement of the molecules in the antifungal activity. The results suggested that acetic acid was responsible of the entire antifungal activity against Penicillium corylophilum and played an important role in Eurotium repens inhibition. The selected bacteria provide a future prospect for use as bioprotective cultures on bakery products
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Marija, Mojićević. "Antifungalni potencijal streptomiceta izolovanih iz rizosfera medicinski značajnih biljaka: karakterizacija i optimizacija biosinteze staurosporina, produkta metabolizma Streptomyces sp. BV410." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Tehnološki fakultet Novi Sad, 2019. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=111226&source=NDLTD&language=en.
Abstract:
Zemljište predstavlja bogat izvor različitih mikroorganizama čijiprodukti metabolizma mogu biti od izuzetnog značaja za čoveka.Dosadašnja ispitivanja mikrobnog diverziteta u zemljištu suotkrila bogati biosintetski potencijal za proizvodnju novihprirodnih proizvoda kod velikog broja mikroorganizama, naročitokada je u pitanju klasa Actinobacteria. Među zemljišnim izolatima,rod Streptomyces prednjači po broju identifikovanih bioaktivnihmolekula u odnosu na sve ostale bakterije. Stoga je jedan odciljeva u okviru ove doktorske disertacije izolacija streptomiceta izrizosfera medicinski značajnih biljaka sakupljenih na teritorijiRepublike Srbije (Papaver rhoeas, Matricaria chamomilla, i Urticadioica) i ispitivanje njihovog antifungalnog potencijala na različitevrste kandida. Morfološki različiti izolati (ukupno 103) su izolovaniiz uzoraka rizosfera i okarakterisani kao streptomicete. Dverazličite podloge i dve procedure za ekstrakciju su korišćene da bise pospešila detekcija antifungalnih jedinjenja. Ispitan je uticajukupno 412 ekstrakata na rast Candida albicans disk difuzionimesejem pri čemu je utvrđeno da 42% (43/103) izolata imajusposobnost proizvodnje antifungalnih jedinjenja pri ispitivanimuslovima. Pojedini ekstrakti su inhibirali rast važnih humanihpatogena poput Candida krusei, Candida parapsilosis, i Candidaglabrata. Na osnovu stepena i spektra antifungalne aktivnostidevet izolata je odabrano za dalja istraživanja. Ispitana jesposobnost njihovih ekstrakata da inhibiraju rast kandida u tečnojkulturi i u formi biofilma, a takođe je ispitan i njihov uticaj na većformirane biofilmove kandide u koncentracijama od 8 do 250pg/ml. Hromatografski profili ovih ekstrakata i uvid u njihovumetaboličku raznolikost dobijeni su korišćenjem tečnehromatografije visokih performansi. Tri ekstrakta sa specifičnomantifungalnom aktivnošću podvrgnuta su hemijskim analizama sciljem da se detektuju i strukturno okarakterišu molekuli koji sunosioci antifungalne aktivnosti. Na osnovu rezultata nuklearnomagnetno-rezonantne spektroskopije otkriveno je da su aktivnimolekuli genistein, daidzein i staurosporin. Genistein i daidzeinkoji su poznati fitoestrogeni poreklom iz sojinog brašna za koje jepoznato da inhibiraju ključne enzime u biosintetskom putusteroida. Njihovo prisustvo je u ovom istraživanju detektovanousled korišćenja sojinog brašna u hranljivoj podlozi. Kakostreptomicete u čijim ekstraktima su detektovani ovi molekulipokazuju sposobnost oslobađanja ovih važnih jedinjenja izkompleksne hranljive podloge, mogu se uzeti u razmatranje zabiotehnološku proizvodnju fitoestrogena. Staurosporin jedetektovan kao nosilac antifungalne aktivnosti kod ekstrakta sojaStreptomyces sp. BV410. Staurosporin je inhibitor protein kinaza injegovi derivati i analozi se koriste u kao antitumorski agensi.Biosinteza ovog molekula je optimizovana do prinosa od 36,94mg/l nakon 14 dana gajenja u hranljivoj podlozi koja sadržiglukozu, skrob, manitol i sojino brašno (JS). Dalja optimizacijahranljive podloge za biosintezu staurosporina ukazala je nasledeći sastav hranljive podloge: 20 g/l glukoze, 0,36 g/l skroba,21,46 g/l manitola, 17,32 g/l sojinog brašna. Primenomdefinisanih optimalnih vrednosti i korišćenjem odgovarajućihmatematičkih modela, predviđeno je da će se na ovaj načinpostići prinosi od 46,88 mg/l staurosporina i 12,05 mg/mlbiomase. Validnost predviđenih rezultata potvrđena jeizvođenjem bioprocesa u optimizovanoj hranljivoj podlozi (JSSta).Ispitana je kinetika biosinteze staurosporina i produkcije biomase,kao i potrošnje izvora ugljenika i razvijeni su odgovarajućiprocesni modeli. Dodatna optimizacija je podrazumevala dodataksuplemenata koji prema literature stimulišu sekundarnimetabolizam streptomiceta (joni cinka, gvožđa, fosfati, metiloleat, ulje semenki grožđa). Ovi eksperimenti su izvođeni na tri pHvrednosti (6,5, 7,5 i 8,5) a uspešnost bioprocesa je procenjivana 7.,10. i 14. dana gajenja. Dodatna optimizacija je dovela do podatkada dodatak soli gvožđa značajno pospešuje biosintezustaurosporina sa povećanjem prinosa od 25%. Dobijeni rezultatipotvrđuju da su rizosfere medicinski značajnih biljaka značajanizvor streptomiceta koje proizvode komponente saantifungalnom aktivnošću. Izolacija novog proizvođačastaurosporina i optimizacija procesa njegove biosintezeomogućiće dalja istraživanja ovog jedinjenja koje može bitiosnova za razvoj novih antifungalnih i jedinjenja koja inhibirajuangiogenezu. Rezultati dobijeni u okviru ovih istraživanjapredstavljaju početni korak ka potencijalnoj industrijalizacijiproizvodnje staurosporina.Different soils are still a source of remarkable microbial diversitywhich also reflects in the unexplored chemical diversity. Recentadvances in assessment of microbial diversity from soil haverevealed the extraordinarily rich biosynthetic potential for theproduction of new natural products among different microbialstrains, especially within the group of Actinobacteria. Amongbacterial soil isolates, representatives of Streptomyces genus arethe most prolific producers of bioactive compounds. One of theobjectives of the present study was to isolate Streptomyces spp.from the rhizosphere soils of three ethno-medicinal plantscollected in Serbia (Papaver rhoeas, Matricaria chamomilla, andUrtica dioica) and to screen their antifungal activity againstCandida spp. Morphologically different sporulating isolates (103in total) were collected from rhizosphere soil samples anddetermined as Streptomyces spp. Two different media and twoextraction procedures were used to induce the production andfacilitate identification of antifungals. Overall, 412 crude cellextracts were tested against Candida albicans using diskdiffusion assays, with 42% (43/103) of the strains showing theability to produce antifungal agents. Also, extracts inhibitedgrowth of other important human pathogens: Candida krusei,Candida parapsilosis, and Candida glabrata. Based on theestablished degree and range of antifungal activity, nine isolateswere selected for further testing. Their ability to inhibit Candidagrowth in liquid culture, to inhibit biofilm formation, and todisperse pre-formed biofilms was assessed with activeconcentrations from 8 to 250 pg/ml. High-performance liquidchromatographic profiles of extracts derived from selectedstrains were recorded, revealing moderate metabolic diversity.The most potent extracts were subjected to comprehensiveidentification and structural characterization of antifungalcompounds. Applying a bioactivity-guided isolation approach,active compounds of three extracts were separated, and basedon NMR structure elucidation it was shown that activecompounds were genistein, daidzein and staurosporine.Genistein and daidzein, soy phytoestrogens, are known to inhibitkey enzymes in the steroid metabolism pathway and werecoming from the fermentation medium containing soy flower.Since isolated Streptomyces spp. showed good ability to extractthese molecules from complex medium, they can be furtherconsidered for biotechnological production of thesephytoestrogens. One of the isolates, Streptomyces sp. BV410,was characterized as an efficient staurosporine producer.Staurosporine is a potent inhibitor of protein kinases and isconsidered in anticancer therapy. The biotechnologicalproduction of staurosporine by strain BV410 was optimized toyield 36.94 mg/l after 14 days of incubation in soy flowerglucose-starch-mannitol based fermentation medium (JS).Further optimization of medium for biosynthesis ofstaurosporine indicated the following optimal values of theexamined factors: the content of glucose of 20 g/l, starch 0.36g/l, mannitol 21.46 g/l, soy flower 17.32 g/l. By applying thedefined optimal values and using the appropriate mathematicalmodels, the following responses were predicted: concentrationof staurosporine 46.88 mg/l and biomass yield 12.05 mg/ml. Thevalidity of the results was confirmed by performing thebiosynthesis of the staurosporine in the medium with optimalcomposition (JSSta). Kinetics of staurosporine and biomassproduction and carbon source consumption were examined andprocess models were developed. Additionally, optimization ofstaurosporine production was performed with differentsupplements which, according to literature data, had stimulativeeffect on secondary metabolism (Zn, Fe and P salts, methyloleate, grape seed oil). In order to improve the production ofstaurosporine, effects of pH (6.5, 7.5 and 8.5) and incubation time(7, 10 and 14 days) were also examined. It was found thataddition of FeS04 significantly improved the staurosporine yieldin comparison to the starting conditions (increase of 25%). Ourresults proved that rhizosphere soils of ethno-medicinal plantsare a prolific source of streptomycetes, producers of compoundswith good antifungal activity. Isolation of the new staurosporineproducing strain, allowed for its detailed bioactivity assessment.Staurosporine scaffold might serve as a lead structure for thedevelopment of new antifungal and antiangiogenic agents. Also,results obtained within this research represent the basis for thefurther scale-up and potential industrialization of the proposedproduction process.
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Ta, Chieu Anh Kim. "Bacterial Biofilm Inhibition and Antifungal Activity of Neotropical Plants." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32419.
Abstract:
This thesis examined the antimicrobial activity of select neotropical plants from Costa Rica and traditional Q’eqchi Maya medicines from Belize. In particular the potential for interference with bacterial quorum sensing (QS) and biofilm formation as well as fungal growth were assessed. Of one hundred and twenty six extracts collected from Costa Rica, one third showed significant QS inhibition while 13 species displayed more biofilm inhibitory activities than the positive control allicin. The active species belonged to the Lepidobotryaceae, Melastomataceae, Meliaceae, Sapindaceae, and Simaroubaceae. Twelve Marcgraviaceae species were tested for the same biological activities; of these, three showed similar QS inhibition to that of the positive control Delisea pulchra (Greville) Montagne and five with at least 30% biofilm inhibition. Only one species inhibited fungal growth – Marcgravia nervosa Triana & Planch. Bioassay-guided isolation of this plant resulted in the identification of the active principle as a naphthoquinone, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 85 to 100 μM against Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Similarly, sixty one Q’eqchi’ Maya medicinal plant species were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities. Of these, four species showed more QS inhibition than D. pulchra, seven with comparable biofilm inhibitory activities that of allicin, and two with similarly antifungal activity to berberine. Two spirostanol saponins were isolated from Cestrum schlechtendahlii G.Don, an active antifungal plant. The major saponin showed growth inhibition against Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Fusarium graminearum, with MICs of 16.5 μM and 132 μM, respectively. Further analyses of this compound using chemical genomics suggested that its antifungal mechanism of action is pleiotropic, affecting multiple targets. Taken together, these findings showed that neotropical plants and traditional Q’eqchi’ Maya medicines contain phytochemicals that interfere with bacterial biofilm formation and quorum sensing as well as fungal growth.
Books on the topic "Antifungal activiy":
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Gifford, Jennifer Ann. Antifungal activity of trihalogenmethylthio compounds in controlled release paints. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1994.
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Paola, Bonsi, ed. Up to date review of toxicological data of some plant volatiles with antifungal activity. Roma: Istituto superiore di sanità, 1999.
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Johnson, Elizabeth M. Antifungal susceptibility testing and resistance. Edited by Christopher C. Kibbler, Richard Barton, Neil A. R. Gow, Susan Howell, Donna M. MacCallum, and Rohini J. Manuel. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198755388.003.0047.
Abstract:
The availability of choice of systemically active antifungal agents and the proliferation in the number of fungal species implicated in invasive disease have meant that clinicians are increasingly looking for guidance from clinical laboratory results to help select the most appropriate agent. There are now well-established and predictable patterns of innate in vitro resistance to one or more antifungal agents associated with many yeast and mould species. This chapter provides definitions for the most frequently used terminology and outlines some of the issues surrounding antifungal susceptibility testing with yeast and mould isolates. Reference methods published by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) are discussed. Both innate and emergent antifungal drug resistance are increasingly recognized as limiting factors in the selection of antifungal agents, and the epidemiology and mechanisms of resistance are described for each of the major classes of antifungal agent.
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Estes, Lynn L., and John W. Wilson. Antimicrobials. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199755691.003.0412.
Abstract:
This chapter approaches the field of infectious diseases from 3 perspectives. This third section reviews antimicrobial agents. The mechanisms of action, spectrums of activity, clinical uses, routes of excretion, and toxic effects of various antimicrobial agents are emphasized. Antibacterials such as penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones are reviewed. Antifungals such as the azoles, polyenes, and echinocandins are also covered. Antivirals such as acyclovir, famciclovir, oseltamivir, and foscarnet are included as well.
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Mathew, Jiby John, Nissy Mary Joseph, Sajeshkumar N. K, P. E. Sreejith, and M. Sabu. Green Synthesis of Copper and Zinc Nanoparticles from Plant Extracts and Evaluation of Their Antifungal Activity Against Fusarium Oxysporum Cubense: An Overview. Independently Published, 2019.
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Walton, Katherine E., and Sally Ager. Antimicrobial agents. Edited by Rob Pickard. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199659579.003.0002.
Abstract:
Antimicrobial resistance is a growing problem, which can be exacerbated by inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents. An understanding of the judicious use of antimicrobial agents, also known as antimicrobial stewardship, is therefore of fundamental importance to safe clinical practice. Patient factors should also be considered, including age, clinical status, special factors such as pregnancy or immunosuppression, co-morbidities, allergies, medication which may result in potential drug interactions, previous microbiology results, and antimicrobial treatment history. Important antimicrobial characteristics include the drug’s spectrum of activity, routes of administration, potential side effects, and cost. This chapter provides an overview of the ways in which antibacterial agents work and how bacteria develop resistance. It also outlines the principles of safe antimicrobial prescribing for prophylaxis and therapy, and highlights the key features, clinical indications, and potential adverse effects of antibacterial and antifungal agents commonly used in urology.
Book chapters on the topic "Antifungal activiy":
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Ryley, John F., and Keith Barrett-Bee. "Screening for Antifungal Activity." In Emerging Targets in Antibacterial and Antifungal Chemotherapy, 546–67. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3274-3_21.
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Singaraj, Ranjani, Thenmozhli Geetha Saravanan, Kishore Kumar Annamalai, Abirami Baskaran, Radhakrishnan Manikkam, Gopikrishnan Venugopal, and Balagurunathan Ramasamy. "Antifungal Activity of Postbiotics." In Methods and Protocols in Food Science, 195–200. New York, NY: Springer US, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3421-9_27.
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Gómez-Serranillos, María Pilar, Olga María Palomino, María Teresa Ortega, and María Emilia Carretero. "Recent Advances on Medicinal Plants with Antifungal Activity." In Antifungal Metabolites from Plants, 167–220. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-38076-1_6.
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Abbink, J., M. Plempel, and D. Berg. "Expression of Keratinolytic Activity by Trichophyton mentagrophytes." In Advances in Topical Antifungal Therapy, 21–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71717-8_3.
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Roddick, James G. "Antifungal Activity of Plant Steroids." In ACS Symposium Series, 286–303. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1987-0325.ch018.
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Yap, M. C. H., B. A. Dreikorn, L. N. Davis, R. G. Suhr, S. V. Kaster, N. V. Kirby, G. Paterson, P. R. Graupner, and W. R. Erickson. "4-Arylalkoxyquinazolines with Antifungal Activity." In ACS Symposium Series, 258–72. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1998-0686.ch026.
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Wang, Jianpeng. "Biological Active Antifungal Peptides." In Springer Theses, 15–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-53399-4_2.
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Bullerman, Lloyd B., Marketa Giesova, Yousef Hassan, Dwayne Deibert, and Dojin Ryu. "Antifungal activity of sourdough bread cultures." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 307–16. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-28391-9_20.
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Ghahramani, Yasmin, Pardis Abolghasemi, Seyyed Mojtaba Mousavi, Seyyed Alireza Hashemi, Wei-Hung Chiang, and Chin Wei Lai. "Antifungal Activity of Graphene-Based Nanomaterials." In Encyclopedia of Green Materials, 1–13. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4921-9_71-1.
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Kirubakari, Balasupramaniam, Shanmugapriya, Thiagarajan Sangeetha, Soundararajan Vijayarathna, Yeng Chen, Jagat R. Kanwar, Chiuan Herng Leow, et al. "Antibacterial and Antifungal Agents of Higher Plants." In Natural Bio-active Compounds, 493–508. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7154-7_16.
Conference papers on the topic "Antifungal activiy":
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Guo, Zhanyong, Ronge Xing, Huahua Yu, Song Liu, and Pengcheng Li. "Antifungal Activity of Quaternized Carboxymethyl Chitosan." In 2008 2nd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2008.305.
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Mangalagiu, Violeta, Dumitrela Diaconu, and Ionel Mangalagiu. "Quinoline - sulfonamide - complexes with antimicrobial activity." In Scientific seminar with international participation "New frontiers in natural product chemistry". Institute of Chemistry, Republic of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19261/nfnpc.2023.ab26.
Abstract:
Quinoline-sulfonamide-complexes with variously metals, especially M2+, are a relatively new class of compounds with potential practical interest as fluorescent materials (having fotoluminiscent properties) and also as drugs (having a large variety of biological activities such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoals, etc.). The emphasis of this work was to obtain hybrid quinoline – sulfonamide - complexes with antimicrobial activity. The synthesis of the hybrid derivatives is direct and efficient, in two steps: acylation of variously amino-quinoline followed by metal complexation with different metals M2+ (Zn2+, Cu2+, Co2+, Cd2+, Ni2+, Pd2+). Following this experimental setup several series of synthetic hybrid quinoline – sulfonamide - complexes was obtained. The hybrid complexes were characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction on single crystal. The antibacterial and antifungal activity was determined against gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923, gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli ATCC25922 and fungus Candida albicans ATCC10231. The obtained data from the antimicrobial assay reveal that some of the obtained hybrids have a very good antimicrobial and antifungal activity.
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Liu, Junang, Gouying Zhou, Aixian Jin, and Yuanhao He. "Antifungal Activity of Chitosan Against Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides." In 2009 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2009.5162373.
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Michnová, Hana, Šárka Pospíšilová, Ewelina Spaczynska, Wioleta Cieslik, Alois Čížek, Robert Musiol, and Josef Jampílek. "Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Styrylquinoline Derivatives." In 4th International Electronic Conference on Medicinal Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecmc-4-05588.
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Roldi, Larissa Lopes, Sandro José Greco, Valdemar Lacerda Júnior, Reginaldo Bezerra dos Santos, and Eustáquio V. R. de Castro. "Synthesis of new naphthoquinones with antifungal activity." In 14th Brazilian Meeting on Organic Synthesis. São Paulo: Editora Edgard Blücher, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5151/chempro-14bmos-r0296-2.
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Dolezal, Martin, Josef Jampilek, Jiri Kunes, and Vladimir Buchta. "Quinaldine Derivatives Preparation and Their Antifungal Activity." In The 8th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-8-01976.
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"Antifungal Activity of Seaweed Agains Aspergillus flavus." In International Seminar of Research Month Science and Technology for People Empowerment. Galaxy Science, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.11594/nstp.2019.0202.
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Cardoso, Joana, Joana Freitas-Silva, Fernando Durães, Madalena Pinto, Emília Sousa, and Eugénia Pinto. "Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Thioxanthone Derivatives." In ECMC 2022. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecmc2022-13478.
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Rogozin, E. "Biotechnology for production of recombinant hybrid proteins from plants and microbes with antifungal activity." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.206.
Abstract:
The principle of obtaining recombinant antimicrobial polypeptides from plant and microbial origins as a part of chimeric proteins with thioredoxin by heterologous expression in a prokaryotic system is presented. The results obtained in terms of their antifungal activity in relation to plant pathogenic micromycetes allow us to consider these compounds as prototypes of some active substances of environmentally friendly biofungicides, as well as possible components of hybrid plant protection products against fungal diseases.
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Mangalagiu, Violeta, Dumitrela Diaconu, Costel Moldoveanu, Gheorghita Zbancioc, Ramona Danac, Dorina Amariucai-Mantu, Vasilichia Antoci, and Ionel Mangalagiu. "Hybrid and chimeric nitrogen heterocycles with biological activity." In Scientific seminar with international participation "New frontiers in natural product chemistry". Institute of Chemistry, Republic of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19261/nfnpc.2023.ab01.
Abstract:
Nitrogen heterocycles, especially azine and azole derivatives, are highly valuable scaffolds in medicinal chemistry, being the core components of a large variety of drugs with variously biological activity such as antiplasmodial and antimalarial, antitubercular, antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, analgesic, antidepressant, anxiolytics, antihypertensive, anticoagulants, diuretics, etc. As a result, obtaining of such entities continues to arouse a strong interest from academia and industry. As part of our ongoing research in the area of nitrogen heterocyclic derivatives, we present herein some representative results obtained by our group in the field of hybrid and chimeric azahetrocycles compounds with antimicrobial and anticancer activity. Chemistry, anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal and antituberculosis activity of compounds is presented. Some of the hybrid and chimeric structures possess a good anticancer and/or antimicrobial activity.
Reports on the topic "Antifungal activiy":
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Sikes, A., T. Yang, M. Richardson, and R. Ehioba. Antifungal Activity of Volatile Oil of Mustard (VOM). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada430743.
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Nemska, Veronica, Nelly Georgieva, Jeny Miteva-Staleva, Ekaterina Krumova, and Svetla Danova. Antifungal Activity of Lactobacillus spp. from Traditional Bulgarian Dairy Products. "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, December 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2019.12.10.
3
Prusky, Dov, Noel Keen, and John Browse. Modulation of the synthesis of the main preformed antifungal compound as abasis for the prevention of postharvest disease of C. gloeosporioides in avocado fruits. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7575273.bard.
Abstract:
The most important pathological factor limiting fruit life after harvest in subtropical fruits are quiescent infections of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Prusky and Keen elucidated the mechanism of resistance in avocado fruits to quiescent infections of C. gloeosporioides and determined that the major biocide involved is the preformed compound,1-acetoxy-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-heneicosa-13, 15 diene. Two possibilities exist for maintaining fungitoxic levels of antifungal compounds in the tissue of ripening fruits: (i). Prevention of catabolism (ii). Induction of synthesis. Previous work has demonstrated that increased fruit susceptibility after fruit harvest occurs through diene catabolism mediated by oxidation of the antifungal compound by the enzyme lipoxygenase. Levels of a non-specific inhibitor, epicatechin, in turn, regulate activity of lipoxygenase, present in the peel of unripe but not ripe fruit. In this proposal, we examined the possibility of exploiting induced synthesis of the antifungal compound for the study of the synthetic pathway. The general objective of the present research was to study the mechanism of biosynthesis of natural antifungal compounds in order to regulate the process of resistance to postharvest diseases in ripening avocado fruits. The specific objectives of the research were: 1. To localize synthesis of the antifungal diene and modulate the process by biotic or a biotic elicitors. 2. To determine the relation between synthesis of the diene and accumulation in the peel and fruit resistance to decay 3. To characterize the biosynthetic pathway and the diene and the genes involved. The analysis of the antifungal compounds in avocado resulted in the detection of a new antifungal compound (E, Z, Z)-1-acetoxy-2-hydroxy-4-oxo- heneicosa-5, 12,15-triene. This new compound was shown to inhibit spore germination of C. gloeosporioides similarly as the antifungal diene. We had localized one of the biosynthetic places of these antifungal compounds in specialized idioblast cells (oil cells) in the mesocarp that can be easily enhanced by elicitors as ethylene. Results have also suggested that the antifungal compounds can be "exported" from the mesocarp to the pericarp where its main activity takes place. The search for the biosynthesis of antifungal compounds and the genes involved took two directions i. direct search for specific genes involved in the synthesis of the diene and ii. Indirect selection of genes using the differential display library. We have cloned , The most important pathological factor limiting fruit life after harvest in subtropical fruits are quiescent infections of anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Prusky and Keen elucidated the mechanism of resistance in avocado fruits to quiescent infections of C. gloeosporioides and determined that the major biocide involved is the preformed compound,1-acetoxy-2-hydroxy-4-oxo-heneicosa-13, 15 diene. Two possibilities exist for maintaining fungitoxic levels of antifungal compounds in the tissue of ripening fruits: (i). Prevention of catabolism (ii). Induction of synthesis. Previous work has demonstrated that increased fruit susceptibility after fruit harvest occurs through diene catabolism mediated by oxidation of the antifungal compound by the enzyme lipoxygenase. Levels of a non-specific inhibitor, epicatechin, in turn, regulate activity of lipoxygenase, present in the peel of unripe but not ripe fruit. In this proposal, we examined the possibility of exploiting induced synthesis of the antifungal compound for the study of the synthetic pathway. The general objective of the present research was to study the mechanism of biosynthesis of natural antifungal compounds in order to regulate the process of resistance to postharvest diseases in ripening avocado fruits. The specific objectives of the research were: 1. To localize synthesis of the antifungal diene and modulate the process by biotic or a biotic elicitors. 2. To determine the relation between synthesis of the diene and accumulation in the peel and fruit resistance to decay 3. To characterize the biosynthetic pathway and the diene and the genes involved. The analysis of the antifungal compounds in avocado resulted in the detection of a new antifungal compound (E, Z, Z)-1-acetoxy-2-hydroxy-4-oxo- heneicosa-5, 12,15-triene. This new compound was shown to inhibit spore germination of C. gloeosporioides similarly as the antifungal diene. We had localized one of the biosynthetic places of these antifungal compounds in specialized idioblast cells (oil cells) in the mesocarp that can be easily enhanced by elicitors as ethylene. Results have also suggested that the antifungal compounds can be "exported" from the mesocarp to the pericarp where its main activity takes place. The search for the biosynthesis of antifungal compounds and the genes involved took two directions i. direct search for specific genes involved in the synthesis of the diene and ii. Indirect selection of genes using the differential display library. We have cloned D9 and D12 desaturase, a protein kinase and a elongase that their transcriptional activation is significantly enhanced during the enhanced synthesis of the antifungal diene. Although we are far away from a complete elucidation of the synthesis of the antifungal compound we have stepped forward determining some of the key steps that might be involved in its synthesis.
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Prusky, Dov, Noel Keen, and Rolf Christoffersen. Involvement of Epicatechin in the Regulation of Natural Resistance of Avocado Fruit against Postharvest Pathogens. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1997.7613028.bard.
Abstract:
In this project it was found that the activation of the mechanism of resistance in avocado fruits to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides depends on the increase of the level of the preformed antifungal diene. This increase is regulated by the synthesis of the flavonoid epicatechin present in the fruit peel. Epicatechin is an inhibitor of the enzyme lipoxygenase whose activity catalyze the breakdown of the antifungal diene. Increase in epicatechin concentration inhibits the breakdown of the antifungal compound and since the compound is continuously synthesized, both combined processes result in the increase of the antifungal level. Biotic and abiotic elicitors affecting the mechanism of resistance, all activate the synthesis of epicatechin. As abiotic elicitors were tested wounding, ethylene and CO2 treatments. As biotic elicitors were tested challenge inoculation with C. gloeosporioides, Colletotrichum magna (a non pathogen of avocado) and also non pathogenic strain of C. magna. In all the cases activation of the key enzymes of the phenylpropanoic pathway is followed by an enhance in the level of epicatechin and the antifungal diene. In order to determine the level of regulation by the different elicitors of the mechanism, the genes encoding for key enzymes of the phenylpropanoic pathway were cloned and it was found that the different elicitors regulate the expression of those genes at a translational level. Modulation of the mechanism of resistance could also be done by activation of lipoxygenase gene expression. For this purpose lipoxygenase from avocado was cloned and its over-expression, under the effect of methyl jasmonate, determined.
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Cytryn, E., Sean F. Brady, and O. Frenkel. Cutting edge culture independent pipeline for detection of novel anti-fungal plant protection compounds in suppressive soils. Israel: United States-Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2022.8134142.bard.
Abstract:
Fusarium oxysporum spp. causes Panama disease in bananas and crown and root rot in an array of vegetables and field crops, but increased regulations have restricted the use of many conventional chemical pesticides, and there are a limited number of commercially available products effective against them. The soil microbiome represents a largely untapped reservoir of secondary metabolites that can potentially antagonize fungal pathogens. However, most soil bacteria cannot be cultivated using conventional techniques and therefore most of these compounds remain unexplored. The overall goal of this two-year project was to extract and characterize novel secondary metabolites from "unculturable" soil microbiomes that antagonize Fusarium and other fungal plant pathogens. Initially, the Cytryn lab at the Volcani Institute (ARO) identified candidate biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) encoding for potentially novel antifungal compounds (specifically non-ribosomal peptides and polyketides) in soil and plant root microbiomes using cutting-edge metagenomic platforms. Next, the Brady lab at Rockefeller University (RU) screened archived soil metagenomic cosmid libraries for these BGCs, and heterologously expressed them in suitable hosts. Finally, the Frenkel and Cytryn labs at ARO assessed the capacity of these heterologous expressed strains to antagonize Fusarium and other fungal plant pathogens. Initially tomato and lettuce were analyzed, and subsequently roots of cucumbers grown in suppressive (biochar amended) soils were targeted. We found that the composition of tomato and lettuce root BGCs are similar to each other, but significantly different from adjacent bulk soil, indicating that root bacteria possess specific secondary metabolites that are potentially associated with rhizosphere competence. BGC linked to known metabolites included various antimicrobial, (e.g., streptazone E, sessilin), antifungal (heat-stable antifungal factor- HSAF, II and ECO-02301), and insecticidal (melingmycin, orfamide A) compounds. However, over 90% of the identified BGCs were moderately to significantly different from those encoding for characterized secondary metabolites, highlighting the profusion of potentially novel secondary metabolites in both root and soil environments. Novel BGCs that were abundant in roots and remotely resembled those of antifungal compounds were transferred to RU for subsequent screening and five were identified in RU soil metagenomic cosmid libraries. Two of these clusters (BARD-1711 BARD-B481) were heterologously-expressed in a Streptomyces albus J1074 strain, and transferred to ARO. The strain harboring BARAD-B481 was found to antagonize Fusarium significantly more than the host strain, indicating that this BGCs product has antifungal activity. Future studies will need to work on chemically characterizing the BARAD-B481 BGC and progress with the above described pipeline for other interesting BGCs.
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Prusky, Dov, Noel T. Keen, and Stanley Freeman. Elicitation of Preformed Antifungal Compounds by Non-Pathogenic Fungus Mutants and their Use for the Prevention of Postharvest Decay in Avocado Fruits. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7570573.bard.
Abstract:
C. gloeosporioides attacks unripe avocado fruits in the orchard. Germinated spores produce appressoria that germinate and breach the cuticle, but the resultant subcuticular hyphae become quiescent and do not develop further until fruit is harvested and ripens. Resistance of unripe avocado to attach by C. gloeosporioides is correlated with the presence of fungitoxic concentrations of the preformed antifungal compound, 1-acetoxy-2-hydroxy-4-oxoheneicosa-12, 15 diene in the pericarp of unripe fruits. The objective of this proposal was to study the signal transduction process by which elicitors induce resistance in avocado. It was found that abiotic elicitors, infection of avocado fruit with C. gloeosporioides or treatment of avocado cell suspension with cell-wall elicitor induced a significant production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Ripe and unripe fruit tissue differ with regard to the ROS production. The unripe, resistant fruit are physiologically able to react and to produce high levels of ROS and increased activity of H+ATPase that can enhance the phenylpropanoid pathway ad regulate the levels of the antifungal compound-diene, inhibit fungal development, resulting in its quiescence. Interestingly, it was also found that growth regulators like cytokinin could do activation of the mechanism of resistance. Postharvest treatments of cytokinins strongly activated the phenylpropanoid pathway and induce resistance. We have developed non-pathogenic strains of C. gloeosporioides by Random Enzyme Mediated Integration and selected a hygromycin resistance, non-pathogenic strain Cg-142 out of 3500 transformants. This non-pathogenic isolate activates H+ATPase and induces resistance against Colletotrichum attack. As a basis for studying the importance of PL in pathogenicity, we have carried out heterologous expression of pel from C. gloeosporioides in the non-pathogenic C. magna and determine the significant increase in pathogenicity of the non-pathogenic strain. Based on these results we can state that pectate lyase is an important pathogenicity factor of C. gloeosporioides and found that fungal pathogenicity is affected not by pel but by PL secretion. Our results suggest that PH regulates the secretion of pectate lyase, and support its importance as a pathogenicity factor during the attack of avocado fruit by C. gloeosporioides . This implicates that if these findings are of universal importance in fungi, control of disease development could be done by regulation of secretion of pathogenicity factors.
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Mevarech, Moshe, Jeremy Bruenn, and Yigal Koltin. Virus Encoded Toxin of the Corn Smut Ustilago Maydis - Isolation of Receptors and Mapping Functional Domains. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613022.bard.
Abstract:
Ustilago maydis is a fungal pathogen of maize. Some strains of U. maydis encode secreted polypeptide toxins capable of killing other susceptible strains of U. maydis. Resistance to the toxins is conferred by recessive nuclear genes. The toxins are encoded by genomic segments of resident double-strande RNA viruses. The best characterized toxin, KP6, is composed of two polypeptides, a and b, which are not covalently linked. It is encoded by P6M2 dsRNA, which has been cloned, sequenced and expressed in a variety of systems. In this study we have shown that the toxin acts on the membranes of sensitive cells and that both polypeptides are required for toxin activity. The toxin has been shown to function by creating new pores in the cell membrane and disrupting ion fluxes. The experiments performed on artificial phospholipid bilayers indicated that KP6 forms large voltage-independent, cation-selective channels. Experiments leading to the resolution of structure-function relationship of the toxin by in vitro analysis have been initiated. During the course of this research the collaboration also yielded X-ray diffracion data of the crystallized a polypeptide. The effect of the toxin on the pathogen has been shown to be receptor-mediated. A potential receptor protein, identified in membrane fractions of sensitive cells, was subjected to tryptic hydrolysis followed by amino-acid analysis. The peptides obtained were used to isolate a cDNA fragment by reverse PCR, which showed 30% sequence homology to the human HLA protein. Analysis of other toxins secreted by U. maydis, KP1 and KP4, have demonstrated that, unlike KP6, they are composed of a single polypeptide. Finally, KP6 has been expressed in transgenic tobacco plants, indicating that accurate processing by Kex2p-like activity occurs in plants as well. Using tobacco as a model system, we determined that active antifungal toxins can be synthesized and targeted to the outside of transgenic plant cells. If this methodology can be applied to other agronomically crop species, then U. maydis toxins may provide a novel means for biological control of pathogenic fungi.
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Thomashow, Linda, Leonid Chernin, Ilan Chet, David M. Weller, and Dmitri Mavrodi. Genetically Engineered Microbial Agents for Biocontrol of Plant Fungal Diseases. United States Department of Agriculture, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7696521.bard.
Abstract:
The objectives of the project were: a) to construct the site-specific integrative expression cassettes carrying: (i) the chiA gene for a 58-kDa endochitinase, (ii) the pyrrolnitrin biosynthesis operon, and (iii) the acdS gene encoding ACC deaminase; b) to employ these constructs to engineer stable recombinant strains with an expanded repertoire of beneficial activities; c) to evaluate the rhizosphere competence and antifungal activity of the WT and modified strains against pathogenic fungi under laboratory and greenhouse conditions; and d) to monitor the persistence and impact of the introduced strains on culturable and nonculturable rhizosphere microbial populations in the greenhouse and the field. The research generally support our concepts that combining strategically selected genes conferring diverse modes of action against plant pathogens into one organism can improve the efficacy of biological control agents. We hypothesized that biocontrol agents (BCAs) engineered to expand their repertoire of beneficial activities will more effectively control soilborne plant pathogens. In this work, we demonstrated that biocontrol activity of Pseudomonas fluorescens Q8r1-96 and Q2-87, both producing the antibiotic 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (2,4-DAPG) effective against the plant pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani, can be improved significantly by introducing and expressing either the 1.6-kb gene chiA, encoding the 58-kDa endochitinase ChiA from the rhizosphere strain SerratiaplymuthicaIC1270, or the 5.8-kb prnABCDoperon encoding the broad-range antibiotic pyrrolnitrin (Prn) from another rhizosphere strain, P. fluorescens Pf-5. The PₜₐcchiAandPₜₐcprnABCDcassettes were cloned into the integrative pBK-miniTn7-ΩGm plasmid, and inserted into the genomic DNA of the recipient bacteria. Recombinant derivatives of strains Q8r1-96 and Q2-87 expressing the PₜₐcchiA or PₜₐcprnABCD cassettes produced endochitinase ChiA, or Prn, respectively, in addition to 2,4-DAPG, and the recombinants gave significantly better biocontrol of R. solani on beans under greenhouse conditions. The disease reduction index increased in comparison to the parental strains Q8r1-96 and Q2-87 to 17.5 and 39.0% from 3.2 and 12.4%, respectively, in the case of derivatives carrying the PₜₐcchiAcassette and to 63.1 and 70% vs. 2.8 and 12,4%, respectively, in the case of derivatives carrying the PₜₐcprnABCDcassette. The genetically modified strains exhibited persistence and non-target effects comparable to those of the parental strains in greenhouse soil. Three integrative cassettes carrying the acdS gene encoding ACC deaminase cloned under the control of different promoters were constructed and tested for enhancement of plant growth promotion by biocontrol strains of P. fluorescens and S. plymuthica. The integrative cassettes constructed in this work are already being used as a simple and efficient tool to improve biocontrol activity of various PGPR bacteria against fungi containing chitin in the cell walls or highly sensitive to Prn. Some parts of the work (e. g., construction of integrative cassettes) was collaborative while other parts e.g., (enzyme and antibiotic activity analyses) were fully synergistic. The US partners isolated and provided to the Israeli collaborators the original biocontrol strains P. fluorescens strains Q8r1-96 and Q2-87 and their mutants deficient in 2,4-DAPG production, which were used to evaluate the relative importance of introduction of Prn, chitinase or ACC deaminase genes for improvement of the biocontrol activity of the parental strains. The recombinant strains obtained at HUJI were supplied to the US collaborators for further analysis.
9
Annunziato, Dominick. HPLC Sample Prep and Extraction SOP v1.3 for Fungi. MagicMyco, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.61073/sopv1.3.08.11.2023.
Abstract:
medicine, industry, and biotechnology. Fungi produce a wide range of bioactive compounds, such as alkaloids, antibiotics, antifungals, immunomodulators, anticancer agents, enzymes, and vitamins. However, these compounds are often locked inside the fungal cell wall, which is composed of chitin, a tough substance that is dif�icult to digest by humans1. Therefore, it is essential to have a good extraction technique that can break down the chitin and release the valuable compounds from the fungi, this is especially essential in the laboratory for accurate lab assays and potency determination during routine HPLC chromatography analysis. During licensure and/ or certi�ication any given lab will be required to take a pro�iciency test which gauges the lab’s pro�iciency at measuring a given matrices for accurate evaluation. They evaluate our abilities to run the gear and accurately measure the potency of what was extracted; however, at the time of this writing none existed for extraction of the fungal material itself, so this remains a variable between testing labs. It is important that we openly share our extraction techniques for evaluating fungi materials speci�ically for the clean extraction of active alkaloids for which potency can be measure via chromatography and/or spectrometry devices. In this way hopefully creating less variables between testing lab and more concise results. In this paper, we present a novel sample prep and extraction technique for fungi that uses speci�ic solvent composition in conjunction with M.A.E (microwave assisted extraction) in 75% methanol , 25% water which helps break the cell wall to release the compounds. Also used is an ultrasonication unit and vortex mixer. Our technique quickly releases all the available alkaloids for accurate chromatography measurements in just two hours, forty-�ive minutes with minimal handling. We demonstrate the effectiveness and ef�iciency of our technique by applying it to magic mushroom fruit bodies for the extraction of tryptamines namely psilocybin and its active derivative psilocin; however, this technique can be used for other species of fungi and compounds like Cordyceps/ cordycepin or Lions’ mane/ erinacines, etc.. We also compare our technique with other popular methods in terms of extraction techniques, digestion times and solvent compositions. Our results show that our technique is superior to the others in terms of time and effectiveness while pulling all the active compounds and not degrading them. Our extraction technique for fungi chromatography analysis offers a new and improved way to access the natural products of fungi and explore their potential for various biotechnological applications. We hope that our technique will inspire further research and innovation in the field of fungal extraction and natural product.
10
Watad, Abed A., Paul Michael Hasegawa, Ray A. Bressan, Alexander Vainstein, and Yigal Elad. Osmotin and Osmotin-Like Proteins as a Novel Source for Phytopathogenic Fungal Resistance in Transgenic Carnation and Tomato Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7573992.bard.
Abstract:
The goal of this project is to enhance fungal resistance of carnation and tomato through the ectopic expression of osmotin and other pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins. The research objectives were to evaluate in vitro antifungal activity of osmotin and osmotin and other PR protein combinations against phytopathogens (including Fusarium oxysporum, Verticillium dahliae, Botrytus cinerea or Phytophthora infestans), develop protocols for efficient transformation of carnation and tomato, express PR proteins in transgenic carnation and tomato and evaluate fungal resistance of transgenic plants. Protocols for microprojectile bombardment and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of carnation were developed that are applicable for the biotechnology of numerous commercial cultivars. Research established an efficient organogenetic regeneration system, optimized gene delivery and transgene expression and defined parameters requisite to the high frequency recovery of transgenic plants. Additionally, an efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol was developed for tomato that is applicable for use with numerous commercial varieties. Rigorous selection and reducing the cytokinin level in medium immediately after shoot induction resulted in substantially greater frequency of adventitious shoots that developed defined stems suitable for rooting and reconstitution of transgenic plants. Transformation vectors were constructed for co-expression of genes encoding osmotin and tobacco chitinase Ia or PR-1b. Expression of osmotin, PR-1 and/or chitinase in transgenic carnation mediated a high level resistance of cv. White Sim (susceptible variety) to F. oxysporum f. sp. dianthi, race 2 in greenhouse assays. These plants are being evaluated in field tests. Comprehensive analysis (12 to 17 experiments) indicated that germination of B. cinerea conidia was unaffected by PR protein expression but germ tube elongation was reduced substantially. The disease severity was significantly attenuated by PR protein expression. Constitutive expression of osmotin in transgenic tomato increased resistance to B. cinerea, and P. infestans. Grey mold and late blight resistance was stable through the third selfed generation. The research accomplished in this project will have profound effects on the use of biotechnology to improve carnation and tomato. Transformation protocols that are applicable for efficient stable gene transfer to numerous commercial varieties of carnation and tomato are the foundation for the capacity to bioengineer these crops. The research further establishes that PR proteins provide a measure of enhanced disease resistance. However, considerations of PR protein combinations and conditional regulation and targeting are likely required to achieve; sustained level of resistance.