Journal articles: 'Antifreeze solutions – Environmental aspects'

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Bar-Dolev, Maya, Yeliz Celik, J. S. Wettlaufer, Peter L. Davies, and Ido Braslavsky. "New insights into ice growth and melting modifications by antifreeze proteins." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 9, no. 77 (July 11, 2012): 3249–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2012.0388.

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Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) evolved in many organisms, allowing them to survive in cold climates by controlling ice crystal growth. The specific interactions of AFPs with ice determine their potential applications in agriculture, food preservation and medicine. AFPs control the shapes of ice crystals in a manner characteristic of the particular AFP type. Moderately active AFPs cause the formation of elongated bipyramidal crystals, often with seemingly defined facets, while hyperactive AFPs produce more varied crystal shapes. These different morphologies are generally considered to be growth shapes. In a series of bright light and fluorescent microscopy observations of ice crystals in solutions containing different AFPs, we show that crystal shaping also occurs during melting. In particular, the characteristic ice shapes observed in solutions of most hyperactive AFPs are formed during melting. We relate these findings to the affinities of the hyperactive AFPs for the basal plane of ice. Our results demonstrate the relation between basal plane affinity and hyperactivity and show a clear difference in the ice-shaping mechanisms of most moderate and hyperactive AFPs. This study provides key aspects associated with the identification of hyperactive AFPs.

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Bartolini, Nicola, Alessandro Casasso, Carlo Bianco, and Rajandrea Sethi. "Environmental and Economic Impact of the Antifreeze Agents in Geothermal Heat Exchangers." Energies 13, no. 21 (October 29, 2020): 5653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215653.

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Borehole heat exchangers (BHEs) generally employ water-antifreeze solutions to allow working fluid temperatures to fall below 0 °C. However, some local regulations have forbidden antifreeze additives (even non-toxic ones) to avoid groundwater pollution in case of pipe leakage. This paper presents a techno-economic and environmental analysis of four different fluids: propylene glycol at 25% and 33% weight concentrations, calcium chloride at 20% weight concentration (CaCl2 20%), and pure water. Thermal loads from 36 case studies in six different climate zones are used to perform BHE sizing and compare the abovementioned fluids from the economic, operational, and environmental points of view. The economic analysis and the carbon footprint assessment are performed on a life cycle of 25 years considering the installation (BHE drilling, fluid) and operation (heat pump and ground-side circulation pump energy demand, fluid replacement) of the simulated GSHPs. Results highlight that using pure water as a heat carrier fluid is convenient for cooling-dominated buildings but, for heating-dominated buildings, this choice leads to a noticeable increase of the BHE needed length which is not compensated by the lower operational costs. On the other hand, avoiding the use of antifreeze additives generally leads to a reduction of the lifetime carbon footprint, with a few exceptions in very cold climates. CaCl2 20% proves to be a good choice in most cases, both from the economic and the environmental points of view, as it allows a strong reduction of the installed BHE length in cold climates with a low additional cost and carbon footprint.

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POPA, Mădălin-Florin, and Bogdan Manolin JURCHIȘ. "Analysis of the Wear Process of the Elements in the Braking System of Heavy Trucks." Annals of “Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati. Fascicle IX, Metallurgy and Materials Science 44, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/mms.2021.4.13.

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Today's commercial vehicles work in a very competitive environment, in an extremely active economic market and the requirements for the delivered performance make it imperative to study in detail each component element. In practice, all these aspects are found in the process of wearing the elements of different systems. Moreover, major changes are expected for the near future of motor vehicles in order to improve the ecological balance both by reducing the pollutant emissions of the propellants and by improving the percentage of recyclability and reduction of waste from maintenance (liquids and solutions such as oils, antifreeze or solutions with different detergents). In order to identify solutions to improve the mentioned problems, the current study analyses the types of wear identified in the elements of the braking system of commercial vehicles and their main factors of influence. The study is based on data obtained during analysis during operation for a number of trucks with different configurations.

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Sineeva, Natalya. "Some aspects of sustainable urban planning using environmental solutions." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 937, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 042024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/937/4/042024.

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Abstract The ecological aspect of urbanization is reflected in the fact that cities are increasingly concentrating all types of environmental pollution, which become serious problems of the deteriorating of people living conditions. In the Future megalopolises more than 70% of the population will live in the next few decades according to the UN report. It is necessary to make all conditions for the ideas implementation of comfortable and safe cities. Research and innovation of ecological solutions for eco-cities includes four directions. The article discusses one of them, it is the Enhancing the sustainable urbanization, its classification, which include the sustainable Urban Planning with the Sustainable Drainage System (SuDS) approach. The article provides functions and advantages of SuDS systems. Particular attention is paid to the zones of forgotten urban spaces. These zones can improve business and residential areas, as multi-functional design with nature can create new dynamic spaces that increase property values, thereby attracting investors, improving citizens’ well-being. The article provides some examples of draft designs for the improvement of the coastal zones of the Yeltsovka-2 River, located in the area of Zaeltsovsky Park.

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Ptashnyk, Vadym, Ihor Bordun, Volodymyr Pohrebennyk, Sabina Ziembowicz, Małgorzata Kida, and Piotr Koszelnik. "Aspects of Electrochemically Activated Water Solutions Practical Use." Journal of Ecological Engineering 21, no. 7 (October 1, 2020): 222–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12911/22998993/125588.

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Raschke, Anna, J. Sebastian Hernandez-Suarez, A. Pouyan Nejadhashemi, and Kalyanmoy Deb. "Multidimensional Aspects of Sustainable Biofuel Feedstock Production." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 29, 2021): 1424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031424.

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Bioenergy is becoming increasingly relevant as an alternative to fossil fuels. Various bioenergy feedstocks are suggested as environmentally friendly solutions due to their positive impact on stream health and ability to sequester carbon, but most evaluations for bioenergy feedstocks have not evaluated the implications of bioenergy crop production holistically to date. Through the application of multi-objective optimization on 10 bioenergy feedstock rotations in a Michigan watershed, a Pareto front is searched to identify optimal trade-off solutions for three objective functions representing stream health, environmental emissions/carbon footprint, and economic feasibility. Various multi-criteria decision-making techniques are then applied to the resulting Pareto front to select a set of most-preferred trade-off solutions, which are compared to optimal solutions from each individual objective function. The most-preferred trade-off solutions indicate that a diverse mix of rotations are necessary to optimize all three objectives, whereas the individually optimal solutions do not consider a diverse range of feedstocks, thereby making the proposed multi-objective treatment an important and pragmatic strategy.

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Heeney, P. L., and G. W. Heinke. "Disposal of hazardous wastes in Canada's Northwest Territories." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 19, no. 5 (October 1, 1992): 806–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l92-091.

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In the past decade, many jurisdictions have attempted to estimate the quantities and types of hazardous wastes generated within their boundaries. Similar studies done in the Northwest Territories (N.W.T.), Canada, are out-of-date, incomplete, or specific to only one type of wastes or geographic location. In 1990, an industry, business, and community survey was conducted to determine the types and quantities of hazardous wastes generated in the N.W.T. and the currently used disposal methods for these wastes. It revealed that 2500 tonnes of hazardous wastes were generated each year, including waste oil and petroleum products, fuel tank sludges, acid batteries, spent solvents, antifreeze, and waste paint.In many regions, disposal of these wastes may be routine, but waste disposal in arctic and subarctic regions presents unique difficulties. Severe climate, expense of transportation, isolation, and small quantities of wastes generated can make standard solutions expensive, difficult, or impossible to apply. Unique solutions are needed for northern waste disposal. The aim of this paper is to give an overview of low-cost, on-site or local hazardous waste disposal options that can be applied in the N.W.T. and also in other arctic, remote, or less-developed regions. Key words: hazardous wastes, Northwest Territories, cold climate regions, waste disposal.

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Сидельникова, Ксения, Kseniya Sidelnikova, Анна Иволга, Anna Ivolga, Яна Карнаухова, and Yana Karnaukhova. "DEMOGRAPHIC ASPECTS OF RURAL TOURISM: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS." Services in Russia and abroad 10, no. 7 (November 7, 2016): 134–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/21833.

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The contemporary relevance of ensuring sustainable rural development stems from the growing economic and social backwardness of rural territories on the one hand, and their ultimate importance for the state in the context of food security, preservation of soil and environmental resources, and the use of agricultural, production and labour potentials on the other hand. One of the key conditions for sustainable rural development is population strength- ening in rural areas and its sufficient employment. The article analyzes the current demographic problems of rural development, based on the example of Stavropol region. The authors describe threats to sustainable rural development such as unemployment and depopulation, as well as substantiate the practicality of diversification of traditional rural sources of income by means of tourism and other alternative activities. The research is performed on the base of actual materials and the results of studies related to the rural tourism development, and also using the authors´ observations. The authors have used monographic, sociological, economicstatistical methods of research, the systematic approach and comprehensive analysis. Rural tourism today should be seen as an important development direction of entrepreneurship and diversification in rural areas, as one of the important areas of sustainable development, and as a form and the chance of economic, social and cultural revitalization of rural areas as a whole. This makes the study of essence and prospects of this business direction development of high priority.

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Kłos, Zbigniew. "Introduction of environmental aspects in designing of machines." MATEC Web of Conferences 254 (2019): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925401001.

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Until now, in designing, an engineer’s main task was to find solutions for practical problems including limitations of mainly material, technological and economical nature. Recently it was stated that environmental aspects need to be included as well in any design algorithm to provide low environmental impact profile of any technical object. In this paper, the example of use of the tool oriented at environment impact analysis – Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) – in the design stage of technical objects, is presented. The environmental analysis is done on the wrapping machine, with the special interest given to its gear transmission. Using LCA, environmental profiles and environmental indices for different constructions of gear wheels are elaborated and on this basis, an environmentally optimal combination of materials for elements of transmission gear: shaft, gear wheels and body is proposed. The analysis of results brings interesting observations and conclusions, important and useful for both machine designers and producers.

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Miryuk, Olga. "Environmental Aspects of Resource-Saving Cement Technology." Environmental and Climate Technologies 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 803–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2021-0060.

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Abstract The article outlines the main problems that the cement industry causes to the environment. Authors propose technological solutions aimed at resource-saving in cement production and environmental protection. The research is devoted to low-energy cement obtained on the basis of waste from processing skarn-magnetite ores. The characteristics of the composition and properties of the technogenic material are given. The authors have justified the feasibility of using skarn-magnetite ore enrichment waste as a part of a cement raw material mixture. The possibility of changing the composition of cement by reducing the energy-intensive alite phase is demonstrated. Technological and heat engineering calculations confirming the reduction of natural mineral raw materials and fuel costs in the production of cement were carried out. The processes of hydration of the developed cements have been investigated. A method for accelerating the hardening of low-base cements due to mechanical activation, the introduction of mineral additives and a modifier is proposed. The research revealed construction and technological advantages of the developed cements, which exhibit increased resistance during operation in an aggressive environment. Physical and mechanical tests of concretes made of low-base cement were carried out. The possibility of reducing the temperature during the heat treatment of concrete is proved. Physical and mechanical tests of concretes made of low-base cement were carried out. The paper presents environmental benefits of the developed cement technology.

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Tyson, J. M., C. F. Guarino, H. J. Best, and K. Tanaka. "Management and Institutional Aspects." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 12 (June 1, 1993): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0294.

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The paper addresses the general issue of the progressive, worldwide increase in urban pollution against the background of policy, regulation and institutional development. It is evidenced that society as a whole has not learnt from early European experience but has followed the same route and realised the same problems as the phenomenon of urbanisation has spread round the world. Thus the pollution problems now experienced in, for example, Sao Paulo in Brazil are essentially the same as those experienced in Manchester in the UK 150 years ago and, interestingly, but disappointingly, the solutions are also seen to be essentially the same. Examination of the development of environmental policy at a national level shows this to be an approach developed in the 1970s and notes the need for the inclusion of environmental economics at regional, national and global levels if the true environmental costs of particular policies and actions are to be determined. On regulatory frameworks the paper considers the relative merits of various management approaches including that of the Environmental Quality Objective and the Uniform Emission Standard; methods of achieving public involvement to influence the performance of the appropriate organisations are considered in the section on Institutional frameworks.

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Cruz, Rui M. S., Victoria Krauter, Simon Krauter, Sofia Agriopoulou, Ramona Weinrich, Carsten Herbes, Philip B. V. Scholten, et al. "Bioplastics for Food Packaging: Environmental Impact, Trends and Regulatory Aspects." Foods 11, no. 19 (October 5, 2022): 3087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11193087.

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The demand to develop and produce eco-friendly alternatives for food packaging is increasing. The huge negative impact that the disposal of so-called “single-use plastics” has on the environment is propelling the market to search for new solutions, and requires initiatives to drive faster responses from the scientific community, the industry, and governmental bodies for the adoption and implementation of new materials. Bioplastics are an alternative group of materials that are partly or entirely produced from renewable sources. Some bioplastics are biodegradable or even compostable under the right conditions. This review presents the different properties of these materials, mechanisms of biodegradation, and their environmental impact, but also presents a holistic overview of the most important bioplastics available in the market and their potential application for food packaging, consumer perception of the bioplastics, regulatory aspects, and future challenges.

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Beheshtinia, Mohammad Ali, Parisa Feizollahy, and Masood Fathi. "Supply Chain Optimization Considering Sustainability Aspects." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (October 27, 2021): 11873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132111873.

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Supply chain optimization concerns the improvement of the performance and efficiency of the manufacturing and distribution supply chain by making the best use of resources. In the context of supply chain optimization, scheduling has always been a challenging task for experts, especially when considering a distributed manufacturing system (DMS). The present study aims to tackle the supply chain scheduling problem in a DMS while considering two essential sustainability aspects, namely environmental and economic. The economic aspect is addressed by optimizing the total delivery time of order, transportation cost, and production cost while optimizing environmental pollution and the quality of products contribute to the environmental aspect. To cope with the problem, it is mathematically formulated as a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model. Due to the complexity of the problem, an improved genetic algorithm (GA) named GA-TOPKOR is proposed. The algorithm is a combination of GA and TOPKOR, which is one of the multi-criteria decision-making techniques. To assess the efficiency of GA-TOPKOR, it is applied to a real-life case study and a set of test problems. The solutions obtained by the algorithm are compared against the traditional GA and the optimum solutions obtained from the MILP model. The results of comparisons collectively show the efficiency of the GA-TOPKOR. Analysis of results also revealed that using the TOPKOR technique in the selection operator of GA significantly improves its performance.

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Кручинина, Н., N. Kruchinina, Н. Кручинин, and N. Kruchinin. "Intraproductive Stimulation of Environmental Activity: Administrative and Legal and Economic Aspects." Management of the Personnel and Intellectual Resources in Russia 6, no. 4 (September 27, 2017): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_59a519bf9ba3e4.03936047.

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Effective environmental management creates prerequisites for involving all categories of enterprise personnel in the adoption and implementation of high-quality solutions for environmental protection so that the interests of the enterprise do not damage the national economy. The interest of enterprises in carrying out effective environmental protection activities can be ensured on the basis of its intra-industrial incentives. The economic aspect of the system of intra-productive incentives is the development of mechanisms and specific indicators of incentives. The administrative and legal aspect of the system of intra-industrial stimulation of nature protection activities is to consolidate the developed mechanisms in local regulatory acts.

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Morrel-Samuels, Susan, Laney A. Rupp, Andria B. Eisman, Alison L. Miller, Sarah A. Stoddard, Susan P. Franzen, Peter Hutchison, and Marc A. Zimmerman. "Measuring the Implementation of Youth Empowerment Solutions." Health Promotion Practice 19, no. 4 (October 20, 2017): 581–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839917736511.

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Scholars have increasingly emphasized the importance of using evidence-based programs to promote health and prevent disease. While theoretically and empirically based programs may be effective in carefully controlled conditions, many fail to achieve desired outcomes when implemented in real-world settings. Ensuring high-quality implementation of health promotion programs is critically important as variation in implementation is closely associated with program effectiveness. The purpose of this article is to present methods used to document and assess the implementation of the Youth Empowerment Solutions (YES) program. We collected process evaluation data on 25 YES groups from 12 schools over a period of 4 years. The evaluation assessed four key aspects of delivery: fidelity, dose delivered, dose received, and program quality. We found wide variations in delivery for some measures, while others were more consistent across groups. These indicators of program delivery provided a strong basis for evaluating program implementation, taking actions to improve it, and ultimately, deepening understanding of program effectiveness. The study suggests a model for using multiple methods to collect and analyze data about aspects of program delivery to guide future implementations.

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Dumitran, G. E., and L. I. Vuta. "Investigations on management solutions for golesti reservoir, considering the ecological aspects." International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics 9, no. 2 (June 30, 2014): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/dne-v9-n2-129-140.

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Buzylo, Volodymyr, Artem Pavlychenko, and Olena Borysovska. "Ecological aspects of filling of worked-out area during underground coal mining." E3S Web of Conferences 201 (2020): 01038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020101038.

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The ecological consequences of underground coal mining and the mechanisms of transformation of the rock mass and the earth's surface are determined. To increase the efficiency of environmental activities of coal mining enterprises, the expediency of introducing the technology of stowing of the worked-out areas with grouting solutions using rock from dumps, ash, waste from coal processing plants is substantiated. The implementation of the proposed technological solutions will ensure the protection of land, buildings and structures from under-mining, as well as improve the environmental situation in coal mining regions.

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Manzone, Marco, Mattia Demeneghi, Paolo Marucco, Marco Grella, and Paolo Balsari. "Technical solutions for under-row weed control in vineyards: Efficacy, costs and environmental aspects analysis." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 51, no. 1 (March 16, 2020): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jae.2020.991.

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Weed control in vineyards is essential to allow optimal vines development. In this study, three different techniques (hoeing, chemical control, and mulching) used in vineyard’s under-row weed control were compared considering their: operative and economic aspects, energy consumptions and environmental impacts. Trials were performed in a vineyard located in Canelli (AT), Italy, characterized by 3 different gradient slopes (<5%, 10-15%, >20%). Each technique has been tested in 3 adjacent rows per each of the 3 vineyard slopes (randomized block test). Two weed control treatments were performed (at 50 days interval) during the peak vegetation growth period (from mid-April to mid-August). Major families of weeds in the test rows were described and scored (%), and weed control efficiency was measured by comparing the weeds cover area projected to the ground vs the test area. Results highlights that the use of mulching machine and the boom sprayer permits to maintain a weed coverage lower than 30% independently of slope gradient. The hoeing, characterized by low operational costs (26 € h–1) and energy requirement (550 MJ ha–1), scored acceptable working performances, but, in case of heavy rains, it can cause a runoff of the soil. The chemical weed control, also if results a valid choice in term of work quality, is not a valid solution from the environmental point of view. The mulching machine, although shows higher operating costs compared to other machines tested (30 € h–1), can be considered as the most viable alternative to chemical weed control because its working efficiency is comparable to that obtained by the sprayer.

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Kumar, Yernazar. "LOCAL ECO-ACTIVIST’S PERSPECTIVES ON ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS ISSUES IN KAZAKHSTAN." Kazakhstan-Spectrum 104, no. 4 (December 15, 2022): 54–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.52536/2415-8216.2022-4.04.

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Environmental issues in Kazakhstan are one of the most undermined research areas in Kazakhstan, particularly if we are speaking about aspects on environmental awareness. This study asked Kazakhstani eco-activists to provide their expert-rich responses to eleven open-ended questions related to environmental awareness aspects in Kazakhstan, which were divided into five sections, namely 1) degree of the environmental problem in the country; 2) reasons for the existence of the environmental problem; 3) role of the government in environmental awareness aspects; 4) the role of civil society in environmental awareness matters; and 5) solutions and prospects. For that, ten eco-activists have participated in our study, who were selected from the social media website ‘Linkedin’ via a convenience sampling method. As a data analysis, a content analysis approach was used. Our results have indicated that environmental awareness level has improved since 1990’s and numerous factors ranging from low levels of ecological literacy and environmental activism were mentioned as reasons for existence of low level of environmental awareness. By now, there are practically no empirical data on how eco-activists view, comprehend and assess environmental awareness issues in Kazakhstan. Such primary data could help share valuable insight on important policy and research aspects, namely concerning ineffectiveness of government-initiated actions, role of civil society in pro-environmental projects, studying level of awareness for government-initiated environmental programs, or policy proposals in tackling low environmental awareness levels. Thus, our research could be both valuable for researchers in filling the research gap and for practitioners in proposing viable policy alternatives to address environmental awareness issues. Despite the study’s research limitations concerning lack of international eco-activist’s focus, social-desirability-response bias and low sample size representativeness, this study recommends conducting expert interviews with NGOs (e.g. UNECE or CARECECO), reintegrate environmental concern and activism aspects as well as focus on policy solutions.

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Panepinto, Deborah, and Mariachiara Zanetti. "Technical and Environmental Comparison among Different Municipal Solid Waste Management Scenarios." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 13, 2021): 3167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063167.

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In order to determine the optimal final destination of municipal solid waste, it is necessary to consider both monetary costs and environmental externalities, as well as the local availability of waste-processing industrial infrastructure. The paper examines the results obtained from a technical, economic, and environmental comparison between different scenarios for waste management: in particular, the solutions of gasification and pyrolysis were studied and, afterwards, were compared with direct combustion in incineration plant (from the point of view of the thermal treatment) and final disposal in landfill. In order to perform this analysis, 19 plants operating on full scale were analyzed. The comparison took into account environmental, energy, and economic aspects. From the environmental and energetical point of view, the tool of mass and energy balance was used to address some key environmental aspects. In particular, some indexes were defined in order to perform a comparison among the different analyzed solutions. As concerns the economic point of view, conventional economic criteria were considered. The analysis showed advantages for the examined thermal treatment solutions. The comparison methodology that has been defined can establish a more general useful approach in order to help the definition of the best solution for waste management planning.

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Subbotin, O. "BUILDING MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES OF MODERN HOUSING: ARCHITECTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS." Construction Materials and Products 2, no. 4 (June 27, 2020): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2618-7183-2019-2-4-84-88.

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the questions of architectural and environmental solutions in the field of design and construction of low-rise residential buildings, including the distinctive properties of building materials due to the conditions of modern material culture, aesthetic features of the external and internal appearance of these buildings are considered. It is noted that the conceptual approach to the choice of technologies in the construction of these objects helps to determine the necessary organization and structure of work, as well as additional artistic methods of architectural expression. It is also indicated that along with the architectural expressiveness one of the main requirements for the comfort of living in a residential building becomes environmental safety. Considerable attention is paid to modern building materials and innovative technologies that form new creative challenges facing architects.

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Kimic, Kinga, and Karina Ostrysz. "Assessment of Blue and Green Infrastructure Solutions in Shaping Urban Public Spaces—Spatial and Functional, Environmental, and Social Aspects." Sustainability 13, no. 19 (October 6, 2021): 11041. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131911041.

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Blue and Green Infrastructure (BGI) provide one of the key Nature Based Solution (NBS) approaches for sustainable stormwater management in cities, in conjunction with extending the scope of Ecosystem Services (ES). In both the process of planning and designing highly urbanized areas, the implementation of BGI is important for the improvement of living conditions and counteracting the negative effects of climate change. Based on the literature review, 19 BGI solutions were identified and then valorized in relation to the following three key aspects: spatial and functional, environmental, and social. The results of the assessment were derived using the scoring method and allowed for the identification of BGI solutions with a high, medium or low value for shaping sustainable urban public spaces. Using the potential of analyzed BGI solutions to improve the functioning and attractiveness of urban areas requires a comprehensive approach. Conscious planning and designing should use the knowledge presented to make the implementation of BGI solutions as effective as possible in relation to the above-mentioned aspects of shaping urban public spaces.

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Picout, David R., and Simon B. Ross-Murphy. "Rheology of Biopolymer Solutions and Gels." Scientific World JOURNAL 3 (2003): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2003.15.

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Rheological techniques and methods have been employed for many decades in the characterization of polymers. Originally developed and used on synthetic polymers, rheology has then found much interest in the field of natural (bio) polymers. This review concentrates on introducing the fundamentals of rheology and on discussing the rheological aspects and properties of the two major classes of biopolymers: polysaccharides and proteins. An overview of both their solution properties (dilute to semi-dilute) and gel properties is described.

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Michaelis, Walfried, Rudolf Pepelnik, and Andreas Prange. "Application of TXRF in Environmental Research." Advances in X-ray Analysis 35, B (1991): 953–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/s037603080001315x.

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AbstractIn the framework of interdisciplinary research projects TXRF has been applied for multielement analysis of rainwater, size-fractionated airborne particulates, throughfall samples and litter fall in forests, soil solutions, seepage water, river water filtrates and suspended particulate matter. Essential aspects of sample preparation techniques are briefly described. Some results are given on trace element fluxes in a forest ecosystem and on contaminant transport phenomena in estuaries in order to demonstrate the outstanding capabilities of TXRF in demanding environmental research projects.

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Kuzlyakina, Yu A., Z. A. Yurchak, and B. D. Baskhamdgieva. "ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS AT MEAT PROCESSING PLANTS ACCORDING TO ISO 14001." Food systems 2, no. 3 (October 5, 2019): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21323/2618-9771-2019-2-3-23-28.

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The purpose of this article was to represent the environmental indicators of meat production chain and highlight the main environmental aspects. Meat industry is recognized as one of the leading polluting industries in food production. Meat production chain was analyzed in terms of three levels of environmental aspects: severity of impact, probability, and the calculated quantitative estimate of the emerging aspects. Meat production requires natural resources (water and energy), which leads to the discharge of waste and wastewater. As a result, it has a major impact on climate change, consumption of natural resources and environmental pollution. Future research should focus on the environmental impact of meat production chain in terms of existing and newly developed environmental indicators and on finding solutions to reduce the overall environmental impact.

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Subbotin, Artem, Aleksandra Dostovalova, and Vladislava Smirnova. "Urban development of the territory using environmental organizational and technological solutions." E3S Web of Conferences 135 (2019): 03013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913503013.

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This article discusses issues aimed at determining the perception of modern urbanization. On the one hand, technological progress more and more enhances the environmental impact, thereby creating the prerequisites for the emergence of various environmental crises. On the other hand, it expands the possibilities of eliminating problems in this area. Therefore, there is a relationship between environmental impact, the level of economic development, and the level of development of civil society. Responsible attitude to the environment - an indicator of the high development of civilization - these are the aspects of the ecological development of megacities that urbanism deals with. Particular attention is paid to the need for an environmentally friendly modernization of modern urban spaces. The problem of reducing landscaped and forested areas in connection with the rapid increase in urban areas is considered. In order to clarify the latest urban development trends, innovative technologies and approaches to construction, as well as to the ecological organization of the urban environment, are considered.

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Umnova-Konyukhova, Irina Anatolyevna, Marina Anatolyevna Vakula, and Irina Aleksandrovna Aleshkova. "Ecological culture: sociocultural and legal aspects." SHS Web of Conferences 118 (2021): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202111802007.

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The study’s objective is to identify factors that can have a productive and positive impact on the formation of environmental culture. The authors use an interdisciplinary approach in the study. Thus, the methods of system analysis (methods of integration, convergence, structurization, optimization, etc.) focus on a comprehensive study of contemporary problems of ecological culture. Applying the methodology of legal taxonomy allows outlining the basic principles contributing to the level of ecological culture. Among the special methods, the method of ecologization is of particular importance in the study. The results of the study were the identification of a complex of factors. There are positive and negative factors among them. Negative factors are due to the lack of environmental values in people’s minds, the state’s perception of environmental relations as insignificant or secondary in the life of society, the rejection of innovative concepts of ecologization of economic activity, etc. Positive factors include the effectiveness of the principles of environmental law, the development of a system of environmental education of citizens, education of environmental responsibility, the collective search for adequate solutions to address the growing environmental risks, etc. The novelty of the work lies in the statement of the problem, which is that the formation of environmental culture is of paramount importance for sustainable development and environmental security of states and the entire world community.

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Li, Ying, Ting Ting Guo, and Jing Zhou. "Study on Environmental Construction of New Socialist Countryside in Beijing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 4778–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.4778.

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According to the need of building strategies to develop new countryside, the paper made a study on environmental construction of new socialist countryside in Beijing. The paper made a survey on many aspects such as roads, building, forestation and communication and analyzed the problem, solutions and measures. It has some reference value for environmental construction of new socialist countryside in Beijing.

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Valyukh, Andriy. "INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ASPECTS OF INNOVATIVE NATURE USING IN THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT." International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.3879.

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Economic growth is generally regarded as a necessary component of any development strategies aimed at meeting the aspirations for an improved quality In this context, we define nature-based solutions to societal challenges as solutions that are inspired or supported by nature, which are cost-effective, simultaneously provide environmental, social and economic benefits and help build Economic growth can assist countries to cope with demographic change, and in particular to help meet the needs of an ageing population and pay for the education required to increase people’s skills resilience. The solving of environmental problems is impossible without solving the economic and social issues. Sustainable development combines these three important components.

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Dyck, Jennifer L. "Creative Design Solutions as a Class Exercise." Ergonomics in Design: The Quarterly of Human Factors Applications 17, no. 1 (January 2009): 6–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1518/106480409x415206.

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This article describes a case study I use as a hands-on design assignment in a human factors psychology course. The assignment is to redesign an exit sign, taking into account principles of visual display design and environmental factors that could reduce the sign's visibility. Assigning a particular object to redesign allows in-class comparison and discussion, and it is relatively easy for students when they begin to identify human factors deficiencies in everyday objects. Students consistently rate this assignment positively, and they especially enjoy its creative aspects.

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Klemm, Katarzyna. "Wind aspects in built environment." Budownictwo i Architektura 21, no. 3 (October 31, 2022): 019–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.35784/bud-arch.2886.

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The dynamic development of built-up areas observed in the last few decades resulted in strong environmental transformations, especially in terms of climate phenomena. One of the factors which significantly affects the climate and bioclimate of urban areas is wind. Wind can cause discomfort to pedestrians or heat loss in buildings, if the wind speed around buildings is too high. The paper presents two examples of research conducted by the author, related to the issues of wind flow in built-up areas, based on the numerical simulations. The numerical simulations become an increasingly frequently used tool to determine the wind climate. Simulation results provide designers with important information on the influence of the buildings and their layout on the local changes in airflow. They allow testing of alternative solutions and effectiveness of various remedial measures.

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Makhmudovna, Mamaraimova Gulrukh, and Atalykova Guljazira Shurakhanovna. "Legal Aspects Of Implementation Of The Spouse's Inheritance Right." American Journal of Interdisciplinary Innovations and Research 03, no. 09 (September 30, 2021): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajiir/volume03issue09-02.

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This article analyses the problems and solutions regarding the inheritance rights of the surviving spouse, whose legal marriage with the testator was not annulled, but who did not live together for many years before the termination of the actual family relationship, or who actually started a family relationship with another person. You can also familiarize yourself with the content of the legislation of Germany, France and Georgia on this issue.

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Nickerson, Raymond S. "What Does Human Factors Research Have to do with Environmental Management?" Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 36, no. 9 (October 1992): 636–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129203600903.

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Human factors research has not focused much on the problem of environmental change and its management. The problem has many aspects that interrelate in complex ways. Its roots are in human behavior, so if approaches toward solutions are to be effective, they must involve modifying that behavior or mitigating its detrimental effects. A few suggestions of directions that human-factors efforts aimed at helping manage environmental change might take are made, but the main point of the paper is a plea for more discussion of the topic among human-factors researchers. Such discussion would result, it is assumed, in the identification of specific ways in which the field could contribute significantly to the development of solutions to the problem.

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Driver, J., O. F. Graff, R. Eie, T. Lund, and S. Woodhouse. "NOVEL OFFSHORE LNG SOLUTIONS." APPEA Journal 47, no. 1 (2007): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj06018.

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The demand to process associated and stranded gas is growing and there is increasing commercial interest in offshore LNG production. Limitations in available land and carrier access, safety and environmental considerations and difficult onshore permitting have created an interest in locating LNG terminals offshore. These factors are providing incentives to develop solutions and the technologies required to transfer the liquefaction and re-gasification segments of the LNG chain to offshore locations. Some of the hurdles that need to be overcome are associated with equipment size, weight and layout, energy consumption, the marine environment and, for floating facilities, the moving environment. All of these aspects need to be addressed to produce an overall design that meets technical, commercial, safety and environmental requirements. This paper presents some recent developments in offshore LNG solutions for floating and fixed offshore LNG production and offshore LNG re-gasification terminals. Specific case studies for each facility are: a floating LNG production facility for the Nnwa-Doro gas field offshore Nigeria; a fixed offshore liquefaction facility in the Arctic region; and, the Adriatic LNG receiving terminal located offshore Italy. Information about an alternative method of transporting natural gas—called heavy liquefied gas (HLG)—which has some specific advantages over traditional LNG, is also presented. For each case study, design, construction, cost and schedule are discussed where applicable.

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Huymajer, Marco, Matthias Woegerbauer, Leopold Winkler, Alexandra Mazak-Huemer, and Hubert Biedermann. "An Interdisciplinary Systematic Review on Sustainability in Tunneling—Bibliometrics, Challenges, and Solutions." Sustainability 14, no. 4 (February 17, 2022): 2275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14042275.

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Sustainability is defined by current research as an interdisciplinary field comprising environmental, social, and economic aspects. This paper presents a systematic literature review following the PRISMA guidelines investigating how authors currently view sustainability issues in the specific context of tunneling. Thereby, we introduce a new methodology for reviewing sustainability aspects in an interdisciplinary way, where key bibliographic metrics are derived from the metadata of the reviewed literature. Regarding the content of the articles, we cluster sustainability aspects into specific topics and discuss challenges and solutions. In addition, we examine the role of digital technologies applied in sustainable tunneling. Our results show that there is a lack of interdisciplinary studies and that the current research does not represent all three dimensions of sustainability equally. The current research focuses on assessing the status quo instead of presenting specific solutions. Finally, we see great potential to further leverage digital tools to enable sustainable tunneling.

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Phan, Thi Thanh Thuy, Van Viet Nguyen, Hong Thi Thu Nguyen, and Chun-Hung Lee. "Integrating Citizens’ Importance-Performance Aspects into Sustainable Plastic Waste Management in Danang, Vietnam." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 19, 2022): 10324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141610324.

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Plastic pollution is a matter of deep concern that requires an urgent and international response, involving stakeholders at all levels. The rapid increase of single-use plastic and medical waste, especially in the context of COVID-19, has caused a drastic progression in the plastic pollution crisis on a global scale. To identify an efficient plastic waste management (PWM) system to tackle this major environmental problem, this study adopted importance-performance analysis and used logistic regression to identify key factors affecting citizens’ behavior to participate in PWM strategies in Vietnam. The results indicate that while the importance of all PWM solutions was considered to be high, their performance was rated at a low level, implying a sizable gap between perceived importance and performance of eleven solutions for PWM. The findings also show that solutions such as “offering zero-waste lifestyle seminars to citizens”, “having community engagement”, “using eco-friendly products”, and “imposing a ban on single-use plastics” are useful for the development of an effective environmental policy. Furthermore, it was found that the following characteristics have a significant influence on citizens’ participation in PWM solutions: (1) gender, (2) education level, (3) residential area, (4) employment status, and (5) citizens’ awareness and behavior towards plastic reduction. This study is expected to provide theoretical and empirical evidence for policymakers and authorities who are in charge of promulgating the necessary mechanisms and policies to promote the socialization of PWM.

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Linov, V. K., S. A. Bolotin, and L. N. Kondratieva. "Architectural solutions at the reconstruction of industrial zones." Вестник гражданских инженеров 17, no. 4 (2020): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/1999-5571-2020-17-4-13-19.

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The article considers some actual problems regarding the reconstruction of historical industrial zones in Saint Petersburg in the context of the city development general tasks. The authors analyze the world experience of using various architectural solutions at the reconstruction of industrial enterprises, taking into account environmental aspects. There are specified two types of industrial buildings and an individual approach to the reconstruction is proposed for each of them. A special type of architectural solutions is defined to the reconstruction of buildings located in coastal areas.

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Rajeshwar, Krishnan, C. R. Chenthamarakshan, Scott Goeringer, and Miljana Djukic. "Titania-based heterogeneous photocatalysis. Materials, mechanistic issues, and implications for environmental remediation." Pure and Applied Chemistry 73, no. 12 (January 1, 2001): 1849–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200173121849.

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Using hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] and methylene blue (MB) as model substrates, we discuss three aspects of TiO2-based heterogeneous photocatalysis. We show first that a given TiO2 sample may not be simultaneously optimal for photocatalytically driving the reduction of Cr(VI) and the oxidation of MB. We further show that a TiO2 sample that strongly adsorbs either of these substrates in the dark is not optimal as a photocatalyst. The other two aspects concern circumventing the rather poor surface catalytic properties and visible light photoresponse of TiO2, respectively. Strategies revolving around the visible light photoexcitation of the substrate itself and metal-modification of the TiO2 surface, are described as possible solutions.

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Gualeni, Paola, Giordano Flore, Matteo Maggioncalda, and Giorgia Marsano. "Life Cycle Performance Assessment Tool Development and Application with a Focus on Maintenance Aspects." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 8 (August 19, 2019): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7080280.

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Ships are among the most complex systems in the world. The always increasing interest in environmental aspects, the evolution of technologies and the introduction of new rule constraints in the maritime field have compelled the innovation of the ship design approach. At an early design stage, there is the need to compare different design solutions, also in terms of environmental performance, building and operative costs over the whole ship life cycle. In this context, the Life Cycle Performance Assessment (LCPA) tool allows an integrated design approach merging the evaluation of both costs and environmental performances on a comparative basis, among different design solutions. Starting from the first tool release, this work aims to focus on the maintenance of the propulsion system, developing a flexible calculation method for maintenance costs prediction, based on the ship operational profiles and the selected technical solution. After the improvement, the whole LCPA tool has been applied on a research vessel to evaluate, among different propulsion layout solutions, the one with the more advantageous performance in terms of costs during the whole vessel operating life. The identification of the best design solution is strictly dependent on the selection criterion and the point of view of the interested parties using the LCPA tool, e.g., the shipbuilder or the ship-owner.

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Rosen, C., J. Röttorp, and U. Jeppsson. "Multivariate on-line monitoring: challenges and solutions for modern wastewater treatment operation." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 2 (January 1, 2003): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0113.

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In this paper, a number of challenges, which need to be overcome if multivariate monitoring of wastewater treatment operation is to be successful, are presented. For each challenge, one or several solutions are discussed. The methodologies are illustrated using an example from full-scale wastewater treatment operation. Some guidelines regarding choices of methods and implementation aspects are given.

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Aimagambetova, Z. T., and Zh B. Ibraeva. "ASPECTS OF THE FORMATION OF A COMFORTABLE URBAN ENVIRONMENT." Bulletin of Kazakh Leading Academy of Architecture and Construction 81, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.51488/1680-080x/2021.3-02.

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The article touches upon the issues of ensuring openness, security, resilience, and environmental sustainability of cities. The authors come to the conclusion that in order to ensure a high quality of life for citizens and sustainable ecology, it is necessary to competently design cities, create a developed natural and ecological framework. In addition, it is noted that students, as future specialists, are in a fruitful search for design, for example, through color solutions.

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Ovchinnikov, M. Yu. "Interplanetary Small-Satellite Missions: Ballistic Problems and Their Solutions." Giroskopiya i Navigatsiya 29, no. 4 (2021): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17285/0869-7035.0077.

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The past decade has been marked by an explosive growth in the number of missions with the use of small spacecraft weighing only about tens of kilograms, including CubeSats that are currently widely employed in various applications. For a scientific paper, it is no longer feasible to enumerate and properly analyze the accomplished missions as well as those under development and being planned: information changes so quickly that perhaps only websites with inline renovations can keep track of all the changes in this market. Near-Earth missions of CubeSats increasingly become the prerogative of engineers and production managers. Nowadays, even factories are built to mass-produce small spacecraft. However, interplanetary small-spacecraft missions stand apart because the technologies used to develop large spacecraft for interplanetary missions are not fully applicable to small spacecraft. The same is true of the bal-listic aspects of such missions. This is primarily due to the low energy capability of small spacecraft for maneuvering and transmitting signals over long distanc-es. The other equally important aspects are their self-sufficiency, navigation support, and radiation resistance in outer space. From the standpoint of the sci-entific novelty of the problems that spacecraft have to face and the fundamen-tals of ballistic implementation, it is interplanetary missions that attract atten-tion of researchers. This paper discusses the opportunities for interplanetary transportation of small spacecraft and formulates the problems that need to be solved in the near future.

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Kiss, Benedek, Jose Dinis Silvestre, Rita Andrade Santos, and Zsuzsa Szalay. "Environmental and Economic Optimisation of Buildings in Portugal and Hungary." Sustainability 13, no. 24 (December 7, 2021): 13531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132413531.

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Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a scientific method for evaluating the environmental impact of products. Standards provide a general framework for conducting an LCA study and calculation rules specifically for buildings. The challenge is to design energy-efficient buildings that have a low environmental impact, reasonable costs, and high thermal comfort as these are usually conflicting aspects. Efficient mathematical optimisation algorithms can be applied to such engineering problems. In this paper, a framework for automated optimisation is described, and it is applied to a multi-story residential building case study in two locations, Portugal and Hungary. The objectives are to minimise the life cycle environmental impacts and costs. The results indicate that optimum solutions are found at a higher cost but lower global warming potential for Portugal than for Hungary. Optimum solutions have walls with a thermal transmittance in the intervals of 0.29–0.39 and 0.06–0.19 W/m2K for Portugal and Hungary, respectively. Multi-objective optimisation algorithms can be successfully applied to find solutions with low environmental impact and an eco-efficient thermal envelope.

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DZHIOEVA, Madina A. "PECULIARITIES OF THE RUSSIAN FISCAL POLICY: REVEALED PROBLEMS AND THE WAYS OF SOLUTIONS." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 8/2, no. 128 (2022): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2022.08.02.011.

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The article examines the concept of budget policy, identifies its features in the modern financial policy of the Russian Federation. Problematic aspects are noted, methods of their elimination are proposed.

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DELGADO-RAMOS, GIAN CARLO. "ETHICAL, SOCIAL, ENVIRONMENTAL, AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF NANOTECHNOLOGIES: A READING FROM MEXICO." International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 10, no. 02 (April 2013): 1340001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219877013400014.

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The capacity to manipulate matter at the atoms scale promises such a potential that, both positive and eventual negative aspects of nanotechnology are part of current debate. Nano-applications promise to revolutionize healthcare, energy production, agriculture, environmental remediation solutions, and most of manufacturing processes; in fact some earliest products are already hitting the market. At the same time socioeconomic, legal, environmental and ethical aspects stand as issues of legitimate public concern that policy makers are faced to address. It is a context in which an open, constructive, and permanent dialogue among diverse social actors seems to be needed in order to avoid or reduce unnecessary costs and probable risks, while promoting benefits. This paper offers an overview of such aspects from Mexican perspective. After a general introduction, it describes and contrasts the promotion of nanoscience and nanotechnology worldwide and in Mexico. A brief discussion on legal aspects follows, including intellectual rights and patenting challenges ahead. Finally the need of an ad hoc regulatory framework takes us to discuss the relevance of a social dialogue and management as a democratic way of promoting a responsible development of nanotechnologies.

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VOLKOVA, N. G., and E. Y. TSESHKOVSKAYA. "ECOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE MICROCLIMATE IN RESIDENTIAL AND PUBLIC BUILDINGS." Building and reconstruction 91, no. 5 (2020): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.33979/2073-7416-2020-91-5-97-105.

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The quality of the indoor environment depends on the comfort and safety of people living inside. Scientists are working to overcome the negative impact of the environment on the population in the cities. Nevertheless, the existing residential areas of the country often do not meet today’s environmental hygienic requirements. When choosing building constructive solutions and microclimate support systems for buildings, it is necessary to take into account the factors leading to the entry of harmful substances that pose a real threat to the health and life of people. Intensive use in residential construction of new polymer materials and other impacts on the internal environment of buildings can lead to a decrease in the quality of the internal environment of the buildings. It is crucial to take into consideration these factors when choosing building solutions and creating comfort with engineering systems providing the microclimate of buildings.

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Wisner, Paul. "Aspects of 25 years of Canadian experience with stormwater management lakes." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 8-9 (October 1, 1997): 367–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0694.

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The experience of older stormwater management (SWM) lakes in Canada shows that, even if peak flood reduction or effluent objectives requested by guidelines can be achieved, future public perceptions of lakes as an amenity were sometimes overestimated, and municipal rehabilitation efforts to avoid complaints can, in some situations, become significant. Analysis of limnologic performance and review of problems of older lakes was used in recent projects for the development of improved solutions for future lakes and a public consultation based on more realistic predictions.

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Gaydardzhiev, S., J. Karthikeyan, and P. Ay. "Colour Removal from Model Solutions by Coagulation - Surface Charge and Floc Characterisation Aspects." Environmental Technology 27, no. 2 (February 2006): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09593332708618633.

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Kumar, Shakti, and Bhavana Dubey. "A Review on Emerging Benzothiazoles: Biological Aspects." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 12, no. 4-S (August 25, 2022): 270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v12i4-s.5549.

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Due to its beneficial natural and pharmacological properties, heterocyclic element analogues and derivatives have recently received a lot of attention. One of the frequently occurring heterocyclic nuclei in both marine and natural grow solutions is benzothiazole. A favoured bicyclist band method with numerous utilizations is benzothiazole. It is well known for exhibiting a broad variety of beneficial natural activities, including those that are anticancer, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, and antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and antitubercular. The benzothiazole nucleus is used in the synthesis of many therapeutic agents. We have seen a few surprising developments in the natural functions of benzothiazole derivatives over the past few years. Due to their extraordinary pharmacological potential, these components are only relevant in the context of therapeutic hormones. This evaluation primarily aims to demonstrate recent systematic research on the various natural functions of benzothiazole compounds that has been conducted. Keywords: Benzothiazole, Anticancer activity, antimicrobial activity, Heterocyclic element analogues, Benzothiazole derivatives

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Mydlarz, Katarzyna, Sławomir Mydlarz, and Marek Wieruszewski. "Economic and environmental aspects of technologies for surface treatment of selected wood-based composites." BioResources 16, no. 2 (February 22, 2021): 2696–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.16.2.2696-2713.

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Research for new solutions in the field of wood-based materials and possibilities of their refinement is prompted by both market needs and increasingly restrictive environmental regulations. Many opportunities in this area are created by modern industrial technologies and constantly improved varnishing products as well. The observed trend indicating the usage of increasingly advanced technologies for the refining of wood-based materials in plants producing these composites confirms such activities and it creates new market opportunities. The correlations between the consumption of varnishing materials and the VOC index depending on the application technology were established. The economic and environmental benefits of the refining process concerning wood-based materials in their production plants were shown for both the manufacturers of the refinished composites and their buyers.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Antifreeze solutions – Environmental aspects'

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