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Li, Wing-fung. "Tennis anticipation study /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B32222348.
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Li, Wing-fung, and 李永豐. "Tennis anticipation study." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45013883.
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Salow, Bernhard 1988. "Access and anticipation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/101524.
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Thesis: Ph. D. in Linguistics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Linguistics and Philosophy, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 119-126).
Can we always tell, just through reflection, what we should believe? That is the question of access, the central disagreement between epistemic internalists and externalists, and the focus of the dissertation. Chapter 1 gives an argument for access, connecting it with the question of whether we can intentionally bias our own investigations to favour desirable hypotheses. I argue that we can't: since we have to take any known biases into account when evaluating the evidence obtained, attempts to bias our inquiries will be self-undermining. Surprisingly, this explanation fails for agents who anticipate violating access; and such agents can in fact intentionally bias their investigations. Since this possibility remains counterintuitive when we focus on alleged counterexamples to access, this is a serious problem for externalism. Chapters 2 and 3 offer a solution to this problem and related, more familiar, ones. Chapter 2 lays some technical foundations, by investigating iterated knowledge in David Lewis's contextualist theory of knowledge. I show that his account has the surprising consequence that agents cannot attend to "negative access failures", cases in which someone fails to know something without knowing that they fail to know it. Whilst this prediction is prima facie unattractive, I show how it can be defended. Chapter 3 uses this Lewisian treatment of negative access failures to solve our problems for externalism. For I show that these problems arise not from maintaining that, in some situations, agents are unable to tell what they should believe, but rather from maintaining that rational agents can sometimes suspect that they are currently in such a situation or anticipate that they will be in such a situation in the future. Externalists can reject this stronger thesis. To explain how, I sketch a theory of evidence which integrates the Lewisian treatment of negative access failures to predict that agents always have to think that they can tell what they should believe, even though this isn't always true. By rejecting access, but maintaining that agents can never anticipate violating it, this theory reconciles the most attractive features of externalism and internalism.
by Bernhard Salow.
Ph. D. in Linguistics
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Smeeton, Nicholas James. "Anticipation skill in tennis." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438787.
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Rowe, Richard M. "Anticipation in skilled performance." Thesis, University of Reading, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389657.
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Hammami, Omar. "Anticipation et gestion mémoire." Toulouse 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992TOU30159.
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Le travail presente dans ce memoire propose une contribution a l'anticipation des donnees et a la gestion memoire en environnement monoprocesseur et multiprocesseur. Notre travail a tout d'abord porte sur le probleme de l'identification des donnees. Une analyse exhaustive des techniques statiques proposees dans la litterature dans le cadre de la parallelisation et les limites de l'identification dynamique, nous a pousse a defendre la these que les techniques de gestion de donnees doivent etre adaptees en fonction du nombre de donnees statiquement connues. Nous effectuons ensuite une analyse de l'environnement monoprocesseur a travers l'etude des algorithmes d'allocation de registres, d'ordonnancement de code et d'allocation de taches. Dans le cas monoprocesseur, nous proposons des algorithmes optimaux pour la generation d'un flot sequention d'instructions de purges et d'anticipations pour une configuration d'hierarchie memoire a un et deux niveaux de caches. Ensuite, nous proposons un algorithme optimal pour la generation d'un flot parallele d'instructions de purges et d'anticipations. Pour tous les algorithmes precedents, nous proposons une structure materielle hautement parallele et delocalisee. Nous etendons les resultats precedents au cas des donnees statiquement inconnues et proposons deux algorithmes dont l'un sous-optimal. La aussi, nous proposons une structure materielle pour la gestion des donnees. Enfin, apres une analyse importante du probleme dans le cas multiprocesseur, nous proposons un algorithme de gestion des donnees dans le cadre des algorithmes de coherence logiciel. L'algorithme de gestion propose est alors la resultante de l'analyse du cas monoprocesseur et offre une solution hautement parallele au probleme de la gestion des donnees en environnement multiprocesseur
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Gallien, Marie-Pierre. "Vers une anticipation imaginative." Lyon 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO20059.
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Nous avons mis à l'épreuve de l'expérience les propositions pédagogiques d 'A. De la Garanderie, auprès de sujets de 4 à 27 ans. L'entraînement à l'évocation du réel perçu conduit à des resultats performants. Cependant, dès lors que l'on quitte les activités d'attention et de mémorisation pour "entrer" dans la compréhension et la réflexion, des élèves rencontrent des difficultés pour s'investir dans la tâche. Pourquoi ? Qu'est-ce qui peut faire défaut à certains pour utiliser de manière positive les propositions méthodologiques qui leur sont faites ? Il apparaît que c'est l'imagination qui est à libérer pour permettre au sujet d'évoquer et que des structures spécifiques de l'imagination sont à dégager, pour permettre au sujet de pouvoir anticiper. Pour qu'un sujet puisse s'investir dans des opérations mentales complexes, il doit anticiper des utilisations ultérieures. Et c'est cette activité d'anticipation qui nécessite une imagination libéréeWe put the educational proposals of A. De la Garanderie to the experience test with subject aged between 4 and 27. Training towards the evocation of reality led to good achievements. However, when activites of attention and memorization are left, to "enter" comprehension and reflection, pupils tend to have difficulties in investing themselves in the task. Why? What do some people lack to be able positively to use methodological propositions which are made to them? It seems that the imagination must be freed in order for the subject to be able to evoke and that specific imagination structures must be released in order for the for the subject to be able to anticipate. For a subject to be able to invest himself in complex mental operations. He must anticipate their later use. This is the anticipation activite which requires a liberated imagination
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Gharieb, Ali Wahied. "Commande multimodèle avec anticipation." Grenoble INPG, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPG0045.
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Ce memoire presente la synthese de commande d'un systeme nonlineaire deterministe a l'aide d'un ensemble fini de modeles lineaires valables autour de differents points de fonctionnement. On rappelle tout d'abord les algorithmes generaux de la commande multimodele (cas deterministes, cas stochastiques). Ensuite, les algorithmes indispensables pour anticiper le comportement futur du systeme sont developpes. Deux methodes de localisation sont utilisees: anticipation d'une sequence de meilleurs modeles et anticipation d'une combinaison de modeles. Dans la synthese de commande, a chaque modele, un critere d'un horizon fini au futur est minimise. Ceci conduit a une commande predictive pour anticiper les changements de trajectoires desirees entrees-sorties. La satisfaction de contraintes sur les entrees et les sorties est etablie en modifiant les objectifs sur l'horizon d'optimisation. Les conditions necessaires de stabilite sont etudiees en utilisant la deuxieme methode de lyapunov. Les algorithmes sont etendus pour commander les systemes interconnectes. La validation en simulation et en experimentation a ete etablie sur des procedes thermiques du lag. D'autres algorithmes alternatifs sont developpes pour la localisation et la commande: localisation par un classificateur automatique, commande a structure variable (mode-glissant). Deux approches sont developpees pour le diagnostic par localisation multimodele. L'objectif du diagnostic a ete d'anticiper la tendance du fonctionnement du systeme (normal ou anormal). Les approches choisies sont: une approche symbolique (systeme expert) et une autre numerique (identification qualitative des parametres)
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Petritsis, Konstantinos. "Anticipation des agents économiques comme élément de prévision des comportements enquêtes de conjoncture et anticipations rationnelles /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37608861q.
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Bowers, Timothy D. "Skill differences of anticipation time." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03172010-020038/.
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Laquai, Florian Ulrich [Verfasser]. "Anticipation Assistance For Drivers / Florian Ulrich Laquai." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1074063120/34.
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Cushman, Kristen L. "Age Differences in Reward Anticipation and Memory." TopSCHOLAR®, 2012. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1220.
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Aging research on item- and associative-recognition memory has demonstrated that older adults are deficient in forming associations between two unrelated stimuli. Although older adult performance on tests of item-recognition is similar to younger adult performance, older adults perform worse than younger adults on tests of associative memory (Naveh-Benjamin, Hussain, Guez, & Bar-On, 2003). In addition to the idea that younger adult performance on associative-recognition tests is superior to that of older adults, research has shown that reward cues can enhance motivated learning and item memory performance of younger adults. In an fMRI study that examined the influence of reward anticipation on episodic memory formation, Adcock and colleagues (2006) examined memory performance in response to reward cues that preceded single stimuli and found that young adult participants remembered more stimuli associated with high value reward cues than those associated with low value reward cues. The aim of the current study was to examine whether reward cues that precede a stimulus pair might enhance an association between two stimuli and influence younger and older adult performance on tests of item- and associative-recognition. Our study confirms the idea that while older adult memory for individual items is intact, older adult memory for associations is impaired (Naveh-Benjamin et al., 2003). The results supported the idea that younger and older adult item-recognition is better for high versus low reward cues, but the reward cues had no influence on the associative-recognition of either age group. Therefore, the age-related associative deficit was not improved by reward cues that preceded each stimulus pair.
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Hope, E. R. "Pattern recognition and anticipation expertise in soccer." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2016. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4102/.
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The aim of the current programme of research was to gain a greater appreciation of the nature of information underpinning skilled pattern-recognition, and anticipation in the game of soccer. In Chapter 2, three experiments were undertaken to identify the specific information sources used to make recognition judgments when presented with displays involving interaction between numerous features. Findings indicated that skilled participants are particularly sensitive to relative motion information between key display features, notably the relationships between the central offensive players. From ascertaining the nature of information underpinning skilled recognition, Chapter 3 examined whether familiarity could still be perceived when only the minimal essential information was presented. Results demonstrated how skilled players were able to make successful recognition judgments when only the relative motions between the central offensive players, and/or player in possession of the ball were presented. Chapter 4 examined the relative importance of the different perceptual-cognitive skills to anticipation performance, as a function of the unique constraints of the task. This was achieved by altering the distance between the performer and ball, and presenting stimuli in video and point-light format. Evidence was provided to suggest skilled players rely on pattern-recognition skill when viewing the action from afar, with postural cue information increasing in importance for more localised and time-constrained situations. Finally, Chapter 5 implemented findings from the previous studies to investigate whether the ability to perceive familiarity could be improved through a perceptual training programme, and the extent to which this transferred to anticipation performance. Despite a significant improvement in recognition sensitivity from pre to post test, null effects were reported elsewhere. Possible reasons to account for these are discussed in further detail. Overall, the thesis extends the perceptual-cognitive expertise literature, offering both practical and theoretical implications, as well as avenues for future research.
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Pellissier-Fall, Anne. "Médecine, médicalisation et anticipation de la maladie." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN1389.
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On assiste actuellement à l'émergence d'une nouvelle " séquence " de maladie : l'avenir pathologique. Le progrès des techniques d'investigation du corps humain et le développement d'une approche épidémiologique permettent en effet à la médecine d'anticiper ou d'évaluer le risque que court un individu de développer plus tard telle ou telle maladie. Quel rôle les médecins jouent-ils dans la médicalisation de cette nouvelle " séquence " de maladie ? Nous avons d'abord rendu compte de la complexité du processus de médicalisation puis analysé la manière dont l'anticipation de la maladie s'inscrivait dans l'évolution de la médecine. Enfin, à partir d'entretiens réalisés avec des médecins, nous avons essayé de comprendre les modalités concrètes de la " production " d'anticipations. La médicalisation de l'avenir pathologique est alors apparue, non plus simplement comme la conséquence d'un " prosélytisme " médical, mais comme le résultat d'un " jeu à trois " impliquant les patients et l'Etat.
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Tabassum, Nazool-E. "Electrophysiological correlates of anticipation and emotional memory." Thesis, Durham University, 2015. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11560/.
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This thesis investigated the role of anticipation as a mediating factor in the Emotion-Enhanced Memory (EEM) phenomenon. Using behavioural and ERP measures, three anticipatory conditions were explored: Informative, No-Cue and Non-Informative. The primary objective was to determine how far the pre-stimulus-Dm (Ps-Dm) effect is a reliable indicator of emotional memory encoding under different levels of anticipation, and if the preparatory process explanation accounts for any effects. This study also aimed to determine if there is an association between anticipatory activity at the pre- and post- stimulus phase, and the related behavioural outcome. One behavioural and three ERP studies were conducted to measure the difference due to memory (Dm) effect during an anticipatory phase. The Dm effect distinguishes between neural activity of subsequently remembered and forgotten items, providing an index of successful encoding. We employed an S1-S2 (Stimulus 1: Cues - Stimulus 2: Pictures) Cueing-Subsequent Memory Paradigm. Upper case letters (O, X, Z) served as cue stimuli (S1). Emotional and neutral images selected from International Affective Picture System (IAPS) were used as S2. Findings revealed a Dm effect for informative as well as for non-informative cue conditions when participants anticipated high-arousal emotionally negative pictures. This effect was found during the 400-600ms time window only when the cue remained on the screen. This effect was not significant for the studies in which the arousal level of anticipated negative pictures was mixed. Moreover, the behavioral findings mirrored the neural activity in this particular study. However, in rest of the studies, behavioral results could not corroborate neural activity. The results of the present set of experiments highlighted that emotional memory might be formed without specific information about the content or valence of imminent pictures.
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Ross, Erin Michelle. "The Influence of Head and Eye Movements on Coincidence Anticipation Timing." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555446813400109.
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ZEUCH, MANFRED. "Signes du royaume de dieu. L'eglise et les sacrements dans la theologie de wolfhart pannenberg." Strasbourg 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STR20070.
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Wolfhart pannenberg a largement contribue a la legitimation de la foi chretienne dans le dialogue avec les autres sciences. Il a mis en evidence l'universalite de la foi chretienne au niveau d'une reflexion sur l'histoire, qu'il qualifie de revelation divine. Quelle est sa contribution specifique pour la reflexion systematique au sujet de l'ecclesiologie et la sacramentologie ? le troisieme volume de sa systematische theologie place ces sujets a la fois au coeur de sa theologie, et au coeur d'un debat interconfessionnel. Dans sa these centrale, pannenberg comprend l'histoire dans une structure proleptique : en jesus christ et en son destin la fin de l'histoire a fait irruption dans le monde, de maniere anticipative, confirmant, bien que d'une maniere contingente, un questionnement philosophique pour la totalite de la realite, ainsi qu'une attente apocalyptique portee surtout par la culture hebraique. En christ, l'eglise est cette fin de l'histoire qui prend corps dans le present, anticipant l'humanite accomplie sous le regne de dieu. Elle est ainsi un signe de ce royaume ayant deja fait irruption dans le present. Les sacrements, exprimant de maniere visible le coeur du mystere divin, sont le moment dans lequel l'etre humain se place de maniere immediate sous le regne de dieu, dans la communion avec le christ et avec ses semblables, parvenant ainsi a sa destinee ultime de maniere proleptique. De la surgissent des forces de reconciliation, capables de faconner la vie et le monde a la lumiere du christ dans l'attente de l'accomplissement final du regne de dieuWolfhart pannenberg has largely contributed for a legitimization of the christian faith, in dialog with other sciences (areas of knowledge). He attempts to demonstrate the universality of the christian faith on the basis of a reflection on universal history, which he considers to be divine revelation. Pannenberg places the church and the sacraments in the heart of his theology and of the interconfessional dialog, thus contributing to a deep systematic reflection on this topics in protestant theology. The reality of jesus christ's life, death and resurrection is the proleptic inbreaking of the end of all history in the course of time, and the church is the place where this final end takes shape. The church's symbolic function is to be a representation of the humanity as it will be in the final reign of god, being an anticipation of it's reality. The church carries out this function in her sacramental action, which takes place in a life of communion and being open for the world in the kerygmatic task and the practice of love, justice and peace. The sacraments manifest the heart of god's mystery, and they are the moment where men submit themselves most immediately to the reign of god, and where they proleptically reach their final destination : that is full communion with god and with one another. Thus the church, in her sacramental life, serves as a sign of god's reign among all men
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Ott, Sara Quantic Diane. "Paradox and philosophical anticipation in Melville's Moby-Dick." Diss., Click here for available full-text of this thesis, 2006. http://library.wichita.edu/digitallibrary/etd/2006/t069.pdf.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences."May 2006." "Copyright 2006 by Sara Ott" Title from PDF title page (viewed on October 29, 2006). Thesis adviser: Diane Quantic. Includes bibliographic references (leaves 32-35).
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Rosén, Herbert. "Designing for anticipation : a graphicalrepresentation of automation behavior." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-2301.
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This thesis is about the design and evaluation of a graphical display that aims at showing the behavior of a complex automated system in action. A problem with complex automation is that it sometimes surprises the user by performing actions that were not expected. The reason of this is poor communication of system activities. In order to study how to design for anticipative automation communication a prototype around automatic vehicle driving on highways was designed and evaluated. The design work focused on designing a display that contained anticipation as a use quality. This resulted in a display design that aimed at representing the working scene in such a way that the user would be able to recognize and compare the system view with the real situation. In order to accomplish this, three layers of information were merged together in the display, these layers were; the automaton’s image of how the world is seen, the way that image is perceived and interpreted in terms of system action necessity and out of that the actions that the system plans to perform in the near future. The evaluation of the design prototype showed that it was possible to anticipate system actions but that the information detail level was insufficient for the evaluators to completely trust system decisions. The evaluation also showed that trust can be created by letting the automaton represent the perception of the situation in such a way that the user is able to compare it to personal experience from performing the task manually. Anticipation can be created through showing what future the automaton is expecting and what actions that needs to be performed in order to reach or maintain the general system task or goal.
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Shikauchi, Yumi. "Neural Representation of Anticipation Involved in Decision Making." Kyoto University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/218024.
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Ott, Sara. "Paradox and philosophical anticipation in Melville’s Moby-Dick." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/385.
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Much of the current critical literature on Moby-Dick lacks a unifying focus. This essay attempts to provide a thread of continuity for Moby-Dick by proving that paradox and Herman Melville’s anticipation of the early existential movement hold the key to a full reading of this text. By viewing the text itself, Melville’s personal correspondence, and the writings of Emerson, Hegel, Kierkegaard, and Nietzsche, the paradoxical tension by which this text must be read comes into clearer focus.Thesis (M.A.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences.
"May 2006."
Includes bibliographic references (leaves 32-35)
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Bourne, Michael. "The information underpinning anticipation of goal-directed throwing." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.582871.
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Abstract The aim of this thesis was to examine the informational value of handball penalty biological motion for anticipation. Differences in the dynamical structure of handball penalty throwing as a factor of target were examined using principal components analysis (Pf.A). Target differences were identifiable at the level of the eigenvalue, corresponding time evolution and linear displacement scaling, but not at the level of the eigenvector coefficient. Experiments 2 and 3 examined if skilled and less-skilled participants were able to anticipate throw direction from the same biological motion information under non-manipulated, spatially neutralised (target specific motion removed) and spatially decoupled (timing between locations modified) conditions. Anticipation above chance was consistent under non-manipulated conditions. Target specific motion of the throwing arm was identified as critical for anticipating goal- directed throwing and skilled participants were found to benefit from the extraction of additional information spread 'globally' across a stimulus (e.g. from the shoulders and hips). Relative motion between marker locations was shown to inform the anticipation process. The informational value of throwing arm biological motion in isolation was examined in Experiments 4 to 6. Throwing arm biological motion only was shown to be sufficient for reliable anticipation judgments. Wrist motion was identified as a significant, but not critical, contributor to anticipation, though humeral throwing arm motion was found to be similarly informative. Finally, the effect of exaggerating or attenuating the amplitude of marker location displacement was investigated for the throwing arm. Amplitude in 'optimal' quantities was shown to facilitate the informational properties of the arm.
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Crangle, Sara Katherine. "Mortal infinites : modernist knowing, boredom, laughter, and anticipation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.613715.
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Bromage, Adrian. "Technology-led curriculum change : from anticipation to performance." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275669.
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Murphy, Colm Padraig. "The role of contextual information in expert anticipation." Thesis, Brunel University, 2017. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/16118.
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While it is well established that expert performers can pick up and utilise postural cues to anticipate more effectively than less-skilled counterparts, the role of contextual information in expert anticipation has received relatively little research attention. The aims of this thesis were to highlight the importance of contextual information in anticipation, identify specific sources of contextual information that impact anticipation, and examine how this information is used. In five studies, skilled and less-skilled tennis players were presented with videos or animations of the same open play rallies. The animations omitted postural information, constraining participants to anticipate based on contextual information alone. First, participants anticipated more accurately than chance in both display conditions. Skilled participants were more accurate than less-skilled participants, with the difference being greater in the video condition. Second, gaze data and retrospective verbal reports were collected when viewing the animations. Skilled participants displayed different gaze behaviour and more thoroughly evaluated the presented information than less-skilled participants. Third, animations were manipulated to depict or omit potential sources of contextual information. The preceding shot sequence was shown to be a useful source of contextual information, particularly for skilled participants. Additionally, player positioning could be used to anticipate highly accurately in absence of any other information. Finally, the option generation strategies underpinning expert anticipation were examined. Participants generated fewer options when postural cues were available compared with when constrained to the use of contextual information alone. Moreover, skilled participants generated more task-relevant and fewer task-irrelevant options than less-skilled participants. Collectively, these findings increase understanding of the role of contextual information in expert anticipation and further highlight the complex nature of perceptual-cognitive expertise.
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León-Cabrera, Patricia. "Neural signatures of semantic anticipation in sentence comprehension." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673778.
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It has been proposed that the human brain is a proactive processor. Rather than passively receiving information, it is seen as continuously attempting to predict what will happen next. In the domain of language, evidence supports that people predict different linguistic aspects of the sentences they read or hear, such as the meaning of upcoming words. However, the brain mechanisms that sustain the formulation of these predictions and the subsequent generation of semantic expectations during comprehension remain largely unknown.
The current dissertation investigated neural correlates associated with anticipatory processing during sentence comprehension throughout four electrophysiological (EEG) studies. To this end, a novel experimental paradigm was designed, which allowed to capture two theoretically distinct temporal phases in from the lens of predictive processing: the anticipatory and the processing phase of (un)predicted words. The first three studies focused on exploring the mechanisms involved in the anticipatory phase in healthy young adult population. The first study described signatures of anticipatory processing associated with semantic prediction in speech comprehension. Specifically, in the interval between the context and the final word of a sentence, a sustained negative potential developed, with a larger amplitude at increasing levels of semantic expectancy. The second study replicated this anticipatory index in reading comprehension, establishing generality across input modalities. Furthermore, it demonstrated that differences emerged earlier and progressively over the course of sentence processing. Lastly, the third study revealed that contextually expected words were also preceded by a transient alpha power decrease, common in both modalities of comprehension. Based on their psychophysiological features, the observed neural signatures are consistent with the online recruitment of anticipatory mechanisms tied to semantic prediction during sentence comprehension.
Finally, the fourth study evaluated the status of the previously described brain signatures in adults with Parkinson’s disease (PD) with dopaminergic compensation), given that this condition entails cognitive deficits that might negatively affect the proper use of sentential contexts. Relative to the control group, the group of PD patients exhibited normal correlates
of semantic anticipation and semantic processing. On the other hand, semantic processing was altered in a subgroup of PD patients with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI), compared to patients without MCI. Specifically, there was a significant prolongation in the semantic processing of words that did not match the contextual expectation. Lastly, for all PD patients, worse verbal fluency scores correlated with alterations in semantic anticipation and processing, suggesting that, in PD, deficits in mechanisms that rely on brain networks in the temporal lobe might hinder predictive language processing during sentence comprehension.En esta tesis doctoral se presentan cuatro estudios de electroencefalografía (EEG) que investigaron correlatos neurales asociados al procesamiento anticipatorio durante la comprensión de frases. Los tres primeros estudios de la tesis se centraron en explorar los mecanismos implicados en la fase anticipatoria de la predicción en población no patológica. El primer estudio describió, por primera vez, correlatos de procesamiento anticipatorio asociados a la predicción lingüística durante la comprensión auditiva de frases. En el intervalo entre el contexto y la palabra final de una frase, se observó la aparición de una negatividad sostenida, con una amplitud mayor cuanto más fuertemente esperada a nivel semántico era la palabra final. El segundo estudio replicó la observación de este índice anticipatorio en la modalidad de comprensión escrita. Además, permitió determinar que las diferencias en la actividad neural en función de la expectativa semántica emergían pronto y aumentaban progresivamente a lo largo del procesamiento de las frases. Por último, el tercer estudio reveló que las palabras contextualmente esperadas estaban también precedidas por una desincronización neuronal en alfa, común en ambas modalidades de comprensión. Por sus características psicofisiológicas, los correlatos observados son consistentes con mecanismos anticipatorios vinculados a la predicción de aspectos semánticos durante la comprensión de frases. Finalmente, el cuarto estudio evaluó el estado de los mecanismos previamente descritos en adultos con enfermedad de Parkinson (PD) (con compensación dopaminérgica), dado que esta patología cursa con déficits cognitivos que afectan el uso apropiado contextos oracionales. El grupo de pacientes con PD exhibió correlatos normales de anticipación y procesamiento semántico comparados con el grupo control. Por otra parte, se encontró que el procesamiento semántico estaba afectado en un subgrupo de pacientes con PD y deterioro cognitivo leve (DCL), respecto a pacientes sin DCL. En concreto, se observó una prolongación significativa del procesamiento semántico de aquellas palabras que no encajaban con la expectativa del contexto oracional. Por último, en toda la muestra de PD, una peor fluidez verbal correlacionó con alteraciones en anticipación y procesamiento semánticos, sugiriendo que déficits en mecanismos dependientes de circuitos temporales en pacientes con PD podrían mermar el procesamiento predictivo durante la comprensión de frases.
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Gavie, Dan, and Anders Gran. "Zeals - Predicting and Designing for anticipation and recollection." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för konst, kultur och kommunikation (K3), 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22865.
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Zeals är en mobil applikation där användaren tillåts att kollaborativt uppleva förväntan och erinran inför och efter en händelse. Genom att användaren bidrar med media som hon själv definerat som relevant för händelsen kan mobiltelefonen fungera som ett medium där kopplingar och relevans är upp till användaren. Parallellt har ett designverktyg för användarjämförelser tagits fram - Persona Activity Framework. PAF syftar till att genom ett scenario visa skillnader och likheter mellan tilltänkta användare.This master thesis in interaction design deals with two major scopes. First, it will describe how a design concept regarding events is initiated. Second, and parallel, a practical tool for user representations will be formed and used to illustrate a foundation for design. By providing examples of projects related to how anticipation and recollection can be experienced we highlight our work area. In addition to this, we present tools that we consider beneficial regarding user insights. Out of these two fields we describe a process where a mobile phone application is created situated within industrial borders. The result of this process consequently consist of two parts each depending on the other. The application, Zeals, demonstrates both how anticipation and recollection can be experienced. The second part of the end result, PAF, demonstrates how we have represented users and concludes that it can be used in other projects as well. Hence, our final result needs to be interpreted depending on design approach and it’s nature.
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Dannenhauer, Zohreh A. "Anticipation in Dynamic Environments: Deciding What to Monitor." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1559307835737411.
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Gayon, Jean-Philippe. "Commande optimale de systèmes de production par anticipation." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ECAP0957.
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Les technologies de l'information offrent aux entreprises des possibilités croissantes pour piloter en temps réel leurs systèmes de production. Pour prendre ses décisions, le gestionnaire peut disposer d'informations telles que les niveaux des stocks, l'état de la production ou encore une information avancée sur la demande. Bien que les bénéfices liés à l'utilisation de ces informations soient intuitivement clairs, il est beaucoup moins évident de les utiliser concrètement pour prendre des décisions. Il existe un besoin réel de principes théoriques permettant d'assister les entreprises dans la définition de règles de gestion. Notre objectif est de contribuer à la définition de règles pour piloter en temps réel des systèmes de production par anticipation. Le chapitre 1 délimite le cadre de nos recherches. Le chapitre 2 présente un état de l'art et une classification des modèles de commande optimale de systèmes de production par anticipation à événements discrets stochastiques. Les chapitres 3, 4 et 5 étudient trois modèles originaux, respectivement sur l'allocation dynamique de stock avec une information sur l'état d'avancement de la production, sur l'allocation dynamique de stock avec une information avancée sur la demande et sur la gestion dynamique des prix dans un environnement économique fluctuant. Pour chacun des modèles, l'objectif est de déterminer la politique qui minimise les coûts actualisés ou moyens à horizon infini. Nous formulons ces problèmes comme des processus de décision markoviens et nous caractérisons la structure de la politique optimale. A partir de résultats numériques obtenus par itération sur la valeur, nous étudions, entre autres, l'influence de la variance du temps de production sur la performance, la valeur d'une information avancée sur la demande et le bénéfice lié à une gestion dynamique des prix.
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Heideman, Simone. "Dynamics of temporal anticipation in perception and action." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:98dde64e-11ea-4516-af8c-5f4707d52907.
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The selective deployment of attention over time optimises our perception and action at the moments when relevant events are expected to happen. Such "temporal orienting" to moments when something is going to happen is especially useful when this information can be combined with predictions about where and what events are likely to occur. A large body of research has already established how temporal predictions dynamically influence our perception and action, but questions remain regarding the neural bases of these attentional mechanisms. In this thesis I present three magnetoencephalography (MEG) studies that I conducted to investigate anticipatory neural dynamics associated with spatial-temporal orienting of attention for perception and action. I also investigate and discuss how such anticipatory dynamics change with ageing and neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD), and how these anticipatory neural dynamics behave in situations where a complex, hidden spatial-temporal structure is present. In Chapter 1, I introduce the topic of this thesis by reviewing the literature on temporal orienting of attention and by introducing my specific research questions. In Chapter 2, I present an MEG study on anticipatory neural dynamics of joint spatial-temporal orienting of attention in the visual domain, in younger and older adults. This study shows that neural dynamics with spatial, temporal and spatial-temporal orienting are all differentially affected by ageing. In Chapter 3, I describe an MEG experiment that investigates anticipatory neural dynamics during spatial-temporal motor preparation and compares PD participants to healthy control participants. This study reveals that both behavioural and neural dynamics with temporal orienting are affected in PD. In Chapter 4, I describe an experiment that explores how an implicit spatial-temporal structure is utilised to predict and prepare for upcoming actions. This study shows that motor cortical excitability is dynamically modulated in anticipation of the location and timing of events, even when such expectations are hidden in complex visual-motor sequences that remain largely implicit. In Chapter 5, the General discussion, I place these results in their wider context and discuss limitations and future directions.
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Layne, Valmont. "Goema’s Refrain: Sonic anticipation and the Musicking Cape." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6965.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThis thesis traces the making of a social world of the musicking Cape through sound, which it calls sonic anticipation. Sonic anticipation is threaded through a Cape-based musicking milieu called goema in the Nineteenth century, and through the regional jazzing culture that emerged in Cape Town in the latter part of the Twentieth century. A key concern is to read the sonic archive of Cape music without folding into a representational discourse of (apartheid) group identity or of a Cape exceptionalism. First, the thesis explores goema's emergence as folk music. In a central example, sonic anticipation is discernible in the intensities of a song called Daar Kom die Alibama [translated as ‘There Comes the Alibama’]. This song enabled goema to secure a status as racialised folk memory. Later in the Twentieth century, the song set the scene for a rearticulation that laid claim to the city as a response to the 'anxious urbanity' of race formation. This shift from the Nineteenth to Twentieth century musicking tradition is at the heart of what we have come to know as Cape jazz. In its genealogical construction of Cape jazz, the thesis traces a prefigurative aesthetics and politics that proposes new ways of thinking about the political significance of jazz. It traces the pedagogic strategies that musicians – Tem Hawker, Winston Mankunku, Robbie Jansen and Alex van Heerden - used in pursuing ‘ethical individuation’ with this racialised folk memory. By the early 1960s, jazz had become a method ‘archive’ or formative canon for these musicians. The thesis outlines how musicians used ‘nomadic’ pedagogies; following the energies that moved through the city, inside the technological, and discursive formations by which the social world was made. This thesis on goema’s refrain and the musicking Cape offers a way to consider a ‘difference that is not apartheid’s difference’.
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Triolet, Celine. "Les différentes natures de l'anticipation en tennis : de la quantification aux apprentissages perceptifs." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00738998.
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L'objectif de ce travail était de questionner l'anticipation dans les sports de balle en prenant support de l'activité tennis. Pour anticiper, les informations utilisées peuvent provenir de deux sources principales : d'une part, la gestuelle de l'adversaire et d'autre part, des connaissances tactiques sur le jeu, les probabilités ou le contexte.Pour réaliser ce travail, nous nous sommes appuyés sur " l'approche de la performance experte " d'Ericsson et Smith (1991). Dans une première étude, nous avons réalisé une analyse in situ de l'anticipation chez des joueurs de tennis de haut niveau Les résultats de cette première étude ont montré que les joueurs anticipent essentiellement quand ils sont en situation défavorable et que le risque de perdre le point est grand. De plus, deux fenêtres temporelles distinctes d'anticipation sont apparues : une fenêtre précoce dans laquelle le taux de réussite est important et les informations utilisées peuvent être en lien avec les aspects tactiques ; une fenêtre plus tardive dans laquelle le taux de réussite est plus faible et les informations utilisées peuvent être en lien avec la gestuelle adverse.Dans une deuxième étape, nous avons mis en place des protocoles expérimentaux permettant d'étudier ces deux fenêtres temporelles et ces différentes sources d'informations. Dans l'étude N°2, nous avons fait varier la disponibilité de l'information gestuelle en fonction de la pertinence de l'information tactique. Les résultats obtenus ont montré que seuls les experts étaient capables d'utiliser de l'information sur la posture et la gestuelle de l'adversaire afin d'anticiper. Dans l'étude N°3, nous avons manipulé la quantité d'information tactique présente dans le point en contrôlant la durée de présentation précédant la réponse. Les résultats n'ont pas montré de différences dans la justesse des anticipations entre les différents temps de présentation. Cependant, le temps de réponse était plus court dans la condition où le temps de présentation était le plus long indiquant donc des prises de décision plus rapide pour anticiper dans cette condition.Enfin, dans une troisième étape, nous avons réalisé un protocole d'entraînement afin d'essayer d'améliorer l'anticipation basée sur les connaissances tactiques et probabilistiques en lien avec un adversaire particulier. Celui-ci a permis une amélioration de la performance d'anticipation et une diminution du temps de réponse pour le groupe apprentissage spécifique.Les résultats obtenus à travers ce travail fournissent des données quantitatives sur l'anticipation experte en tennis permettant la mise en place de tâches représentatives. De plus, ils suggèrent l'existence de moments clés d'utilisation des différentes sources d'informations disponibles afin d'anticiper. Pour finir, il semble possible d'améliorer les habiletés d'anticipation, même chez des joueurs experts, en mettant en place des protocoles d'entraînement. Ce travail ouvre des perspectives de recherche nombreuses qui pourront permettre par exemple de formaliser de manière plus précise la nature des informations utilisées pour anticiper.
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Hamiot, Jean-Yves. "L’anticipation de la deuxième partie de carrière : le cas de cadres du secteur des agences média." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LAROD004/document.
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Cadres et salariés devront-ils travailler jusqu’à 70 ans ? Un scénario proche semble se profiler avec l’allongement du nombre d’annuités nécessaires pour pouvoir bénéficier de la retraite à taux plein. Dans ce contexte, des cadres de 45 ans et plus sont incités à anticiper, lors d’un entretien, leur deuxième partie de carrière, en vertu de l’Accord National Interprofessionnel du 13 octobre 2005, actualisé par la loi n° 2014-288 du 5 mars 2014. L’enquête s’appuie sur 26 entretiens, réalisés en 2013, dans des agences média, membres du syndicat professionnel de l’UDECAM. Ce secteur d’activité s’avère particulièrement sensible au développement de la technologie numérique, qui engendre une modification des attentes de ces organisations vis-à-vis de leurs cadres. Les résultats sont exploités au moyen de deux méthodologies complémentaires. L’analyse lexicale, réalisée avec le logiciel Alceste©, permet de mettre en lumière la prégnance d’une représentation sociale d’un modèle déterministe et traditionnel de la carrière. Dans le même temps, l’analyse des cartes cognitives réalisée avec le logiciel Decision Explorer© montre que près des trois quarts d’entre eux se trouve en situation de dissonance cognitive lorsqu’il s’agit d’anticiper. Ces résultats suggèrent la présence d’une injonction paradoxale entre la demande d’anticipation et le caractère contraint du management par objectifs. Ils conduisent à proposer l’adoption d’une gestion stratégique des ressources humaines et d’un contenu d’entretien adaptés à la complexité. Ils incitent aussi à s’interroger sur le modèle de société annoncé dans la mesure où les risques de paupérisation ou de travail « forcé » se trouvent amplifiés par la situation de dissonance cognitive observée dans l’enquêteWill managers and employees have to work until age 70? A similar scenario seems to be emerging with increasing the number of years needed to qualify for a full pension. In this context, managers in France aged 45 and older are encouraged to anticipate the second half of their career, in the form of an interview with their employer, and according to the National Inter-professional Agreement of October 13, 2005, updated by Law No. 2014-288 of March 5, 2014. The field study is based on 26 interviews conducted in 2013 in media agencies which are members of the trade union of UDECAM. This sector proves to be particularly sensitive to the development of digital technology, which generates a change in expectations towards managers’ role. The results were analyzed by means of two complementary methods. A lexical analysis, carried out with Alceste© software, highlights a social representation of a deterministic and traditional career model. Simultaneously, an analysis of cognitive maps with Decision Explorer© software shows that nearly three quarters of them feel cognitive dissonance when it comes to anticipating their careers. These results suggest the presence of a double bind between a demand for anticipating one’s career and the constrained nature of management by objectives. This diagnosis encourages the adoption of a strategic human resources management and a career interview both adapted to the complexity of the situation. They also raise questions about the projected societal model since the risk of poverty or “forced” work are amplified by the cognitive dissonance situation observed in the survey
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Pech, Gilles. "L'anticipation en psychiatrie." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON11110.
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Seger, Christian, and Björn Törnqvist. "Linear Quasi Anticipation : An Evaluation in Real Time Domains." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik och datavetenskap, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2521.
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This work is an evaluation of Linear Quasi-Anticipation in real time domains. The evaluation is performed with experiments in two types of problem domains: pathfinding and Robocup soccer simulation. The experiments gave us valuable insights and made it possible for us to identify key issues concerning linear anticipation in dynamic and real-time domains. These key issues are presented in the report and should be a worthwhile read for anyone interested in hybrid agents, anticipatory systems, and searching in linear time.Detta arbete är en utvärdering av linjär kvasi anticipering i realtidsdomäner.
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Broze, Laurence. "Réduction, identification et estimation des modèles à anticipation rationnelles." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213559.
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Gatama, Gachira Peter. "Anticipation timing error as a function of mood lability." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56955.
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The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of mood lability on anticipation timing performance. The influence of gender and stimulus speed on timing error was also analysed. Spectral analysis was used to quantify frequency of mood change. The within-subjects standard deviation was calculated as a measure of intensity of mood change. Thirty-eight physical education students (18 men; M = 23.8 yrs, SD = 2.1 and 20 women; M = 20.4 yrs, SD = 1.6) participated in this study. Mood changes were measured along the Pleasantness and Energetic dimensions of the Affect Grid. Performance was assessed using the Bassin Anticipation Timer. It was hypothesized that: the fast mood changers would incur greater timing errors than the slow mood changers, men would perform with less error than women, and stimulus speed would have a significant influence on timing error.Mixed factorial ANOVAs with repeated measures on the last factor were utilized to compare mean timing error scores: constant error, absolute error, variable error, and total error, over two levels of frequency of mood change (fast/slow) and intensity of mood change (high/low) groups, two levels of gender (men/women) and four levels of stimulus speed (5/10/15/25 mph). Alpha was set at the.05 significance level for all statistical comparisons. Results showed that intensity of mood change had a significant influence on anticipation timing performance, frequency of mood change factor did not have a significant effect on timing error, men performed with less variability than women and stimulus speed had a significant influence on anticipation timing. The Profile of Mood States (POMS) results, showed that women scored lower on the negative mood states than men. Total mood disturbance for both men and women showed no significant relationship to the timing error scores.
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Kinsley, Sam. "Practising tomorrows? : ubiquitous computing and the politics of anticipation." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.559711.
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This thesis describes the ways in which technological futurity is a complex array of performative and proactive dispositions towards the future that are irreducible to normative and deterministic understandings of 'progress'. It takes ubiquitous computng as a significant case study because the future orientation practised in ubiquitous computing research and development is emblematic of the perpetual technological forecasting in which humanity engages. While ubiquitous computing has existed as an agenda for nearly 20 years it is still largely concerned with a future that has not (yet) been realised. In the context of ubiquitous computing this thesis argues that it is necessary to make the politics of anticipation, as the particular discursive and performative ways in which future-orientation is codified and conditioned, explicit in technology development. This thesis therefore enacts a critical framework that charts a discourse of anticipation, as the multiple means for articulating proactive future orientation, internal to which are anticipatory logics that structure and rationalise how such forms of futurity are practised. The motivation and ambit of this research is to thereby describe a politics of anticipation as the ways in which the anticipation of technological futures is codified and contested, whilst performative and multiple. Empirically, the argument is made through the discussion of interviews conducted with a range of internationally significant practitioners of ubiquitous computing research and development, which were carried out in Silicon Valley, California, in 2008. Attending to discourse, logics and emergent politics of anticipation provides a means of making explicit how our 'knowledge' of technological futures is produced. It is therefore argued that we should attend to socio-technical futurity as inherently situated in the living present, with all of its associated concerns, and allow for the indeterminacy of the future.
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Craw, Olivia. "Assessing the role of anticipation in psychobiological stress responding." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2016. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/32555/.
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The acute stress response is an adaptive and necessary function which, when activated under appropriate conditions, promotes survival. However, studies have demonstrated that chronic over-activation of the systems that regulate the stress response leads to the dysregulation of the hormonal mediators, which can, subsequently, result in deleterious health outcomes. Whilst the psychobiological response to acute stressors has been explored extensively, literature assessing the anticipatory and recovery windows surrounding stressor exposure is currently in its infancy. It has been observed that the anticipatory period prior to exposure to a stressor can prolong the activation of the stress response; however less is known of the effects of delayed recovery following stress exposure. The present thesis addressed the question of whether anticipatory patterns differ between a naturalistic and laboratory stressor, by firstly developing an ecological and easily administered socially evaluative stressor paradigm, and using this stressor as a tool for a) assessing the psychobiological response to the novel stressor and b) assessing the anticipatory and recovery period following this stressor, through the collection of psychobiological data over four days (the day prior to exposure, the day of exposure, the day after and on a control day). A similar sampling protocol was applied to assess the anticipation period preceding a naturalistic stressor (skydiving). Individual differences, which may potentially exacerbate or buffer the negative effects of stress, were also explored within the context of these stressors. In addition to assessing anticipation of forthcoming stressful events, following recent suggestions that forthcoming positive activities may also elicit similar patterns of anticipatory responses, the current thesis also addressed the question of whether these anticipatory responses may represent a reaction to memory recall for an upcoming task, and not exclusively a response experienced prior to a stressful event. This was addressed by assessing the anticipatory period prior to the requirement to remember to complete a simple task in order to receive a reward. The findings indicate that the developed stressor successfully elicited a stress response, and was anticipated to be a forthcoming demanding situation. State anxiety was greater on the day of planned stressor exposure, as was stress and worry about the event. In the skydiving study, those who knew they would complete a skydive that day secreted greater levels of cortisol across the day compared to those who were unsure whether they would participate in a skydive or not, and those who knew for certain that they would not complete the skydive. The study assessing the psychobiological response to anticipation of a pleasant stimulus, however, revealed no significant effects. The exploration of a range of individual difference factors demonstrates the importance of appraisal of the event. That is, irrespective of the nature of the event, an individual’s perception of the event is an important determinant of psychological and biological responding. On the basis of the empirical findings of this thesis, it is concluded that both the laboratory and naturalistic stressors elicit some form of anticipatory response. This finding is in concordance with previous suggestions that the stress response can be observed prior to direct stressor exposure. Furthermore, exploration of the role of individual differences in the anticipation of novel events identified a number of characteristics which may serve to buffer or exacerbate the negative effects of prolonged stress on health outcomes. Finally, the findings from this thesis do not suggest that the anticipatory responses reported for stressors are extended to the anticipation of pleasant events, but that they may exclusively apply to stimuli perceived to be stressful and ultimately, a forthcoming demand. However, when individual differences are taken into account, it appears that the novelty of a forthcoming event in general may be more influential in appraisals of the event, rather than the nature of the task itself.
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Wikman, Peter. "Essays on conventions in games and anticipation-dependent preferences." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU10007.
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Cette thèse se compose de trois chapitres. Deux chapitres relèvent du domaine de la théorie des jeux et un autre du domaine de la théorie de la décision. Dans le premier chapitre, j’étudie des interactions stratégiques dans un contexte où les agents connaissent le cadre dans lequel ils interagissent. Souvent dans de telles situations, des conventions sociales émergent et tendent à dicter comment les agents se comportent. Les conventions dans lesquelles les gens ne tiennent pas compte des alternatives hors de convention aident les agents non seulement à coordonner leurs interactions mais aussi à simplifier leur prise de décision. Motivé par cela, je développe un nouveau concept en théorie des jeux qui capture des résultats compatibles avec l’existence de conventions qui s’enforcent par eux-mêmes. Le concept de solution qui en résulte est opérationnel et permet de décomposer des jeux en jeux autonomes plus petits qui peuvent être étudiés isolément. Dans le deuxième chapitre, je me demande si un comportement conforme aux conventions qui viennent d’être décrites peut recevoir des interprétations évolutionnaires. Dans une telle interprétation, la convention est le modèle qui résulte du comportement d‘individus dans une grande population, après qu’ils ont interagi pendant un certain temps, leur comportement s’ajustant au fil du temps en réponse au paiement que leurs actions ont généré dans le passé. Ces interprétations diffèrent de la justification standard des concepts de solution basée sur l’hypothèse d’individus rationnels qui ont des attentes correctes sur le comportement des autres. Je prouve dans ce chapitre qu’en effet ces conventions admettent de telles interprétations, et les notions standard de comportement stable sur le plan de l’évolution sont souvent compatibles avec l’adhésion à de telles conventions. Dans le dernier chapitre, je développe un modèle de décideur qui évalue les résultats comme des gains et des pertes par rapport à ses anticipations récentes. Le décideur forme ses anticipations d’un résultat futur et incertain, en échangeant la joie d’anticiper un résultat plus élevé avec le risque d’être déçu par le résultat. Ces anticipations sont alors considérées comme données lorsque la réalisation du résultat approche. De plus, le décideur est averse aux pertes dans le sens où les pertes par rapport à ces attentes sont ressenties pire que les gains de même taille. Le résultat principal est une description complète des choix observables qui sont cohérents avec ce comportement. Plus précisément, je fournis des conditions nécessaires et suffisantes sur les choix sous forme d’axiomes, comme si le décideur agissait comme décrit par le modèleThis thesis consists of three chapters. Two chapters fall into the field of game theory and one into the field of decision theory. In the first chapter, I study strategic interaction when people are familiar with the setting they interact in. In such situations, social conventions often emerge and tend to dictate how people behave. Conventions in which people disregard alternatives outside of the convention not only help people coordinate their interactions but also simplify their decision-making. Motivated by this, I develop a novel game-theoretic concept that captures outcomes that are consistent with the existence of such self-enforcing conventions. The resulting solution concept is operational and allows for decomposing games into smaller self-contained games that can be studied in isolation. In the second chapter, I ask whether behavior consistent with the just-described conventions can be given evolutionary interpretations. In such interpretations, the convention is the resulting pattern of behavior in a large population of individuals after they have interacted for some time, with their behavior adjusting over time in response to the payoffs that their actions have given in the past. These interpretations differ from the standard justification of solution concepts based on the assumption of rational individuals that have correct expectations about others’ behavior. I find that indeed these conventions admit such interpretations, and, moreover, standard notions of evolutionarily stable behavior are often consistent with the adherence to such conventions. In the last chapter, I develop a model of a decision-maker who evaluates outcomes as gains and losses relative to her recent expectations. The decision-maker forms her expectations of an uncertain future outcome by trading off the joy from anticipating a higher outcome with the risk of being disappointed by the outcome. These expectations are then taken as given when the outcome nears. Moreover, the decision-maker is loss averse in the sense that losses relative to these expectations are felt worse than same-sized gains are felt good. The main result is a complete description of the observable choices that are consistent with this behavior. More specifically, I provide necessary and sufficient conditions on choices in the form of axioms such that it is as-if the decision-maker acts as described by the model
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Canter, Francoise. "L'Oulipo et ses "plagiaires par anticipation" de la Renaissance /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3000402.
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Brooks, Daniel Ian. "The dynamics of spatial anticipation in pigeons and rats." Diss., University of Iowa, 2010. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/648.
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The analysis of the pre-choice behaviors in an operant conditioning task led to the observation that pigeons often produced anticipatory pecks that were directed at the location of their next response. Despite the possible utility of this behavior for understanding basic behavioral processes in animal learning and the widespread use of touchscreen displays to present pictorial stimuli, there has been little evaluation of the spatial distribution of touchscreen responding. So, we sought to investigate the mechanisms that account for this anticipatory behavior, whether this behavior changes over time, and how general this phenomenon might be. To answer these and other related questions, we report in a series of eleven studies and two re-analyzed datasets a detailed characterization of this anticipatory discrimination behavior in both pigeons and rats.
In the first chapter, we review relevant literature related to the phenomenon of anticipatory behavior and prospective coding. In the second chapter, we outline a basic three-link discrimination paradigm, which we adapted from a procedure originally developed to study spatial anticipation in autoshaping. This simple procedure afforded us the ability to measure responses during a task that engages prospective processing.
In the third chapter, we evaluate two possible mechanistic explanations for this anticipatory behavior; namely, that animals are motivated to produce anticipatory responses because of a shorter temporal route to reinforcement or because of the spatial and temporal contiguity of the stimuli used in the task. In the fourth chapter, we evaluate several spatial parameters that might importantly influence the distribution of these anticipatory responses. In the fifth chapter, we re-evaluate data from two previously published projects to assess the generality of the observed phenomenon and to evaluate the possibility that the anticipatory responses are a fractional reproduction of the terminal response.
Finally, in the sixth chapter, we discuss the implications for the presented work in several fields. We also sketch a computational framework for the presented data using a Dynamic Field Theory model, attempting to show how the prospective representation of an upcoming spatial location might guide anticipatory behavior.
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Thébault, Guillaume. "Influence des sensations corporelles dans l’anticipation de l’action." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MON30100.
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Le travail de thèse que nous avons réalisé se proposait d’étudier l’anticipation des effets reliés au corps. La théorie idéomotrice de James (1890) qui soutient que c’est l’idée du mouvement qui déclenche une action constitue le sous bassement théorique de cette thèse. Dans le prolongement des rares travaux portant sur l’anticipation des effets reliés au corps, nous avons émis l’hypothèse que les effets tactiles et proprioceptifs étaient anticipés en fonction de la manière dont était réalisée l’action. Plus précisément, nous avons étudié dans une première expérience l’effet d’une contingence d’intensité entre une réponse et un effet tactile; une seconde expérience a porté sur le phénomène d’atténuation proprioceptive à partir d’un effet tactile; une troisième expérience a mis l’emphase sur l’anticipation de la fluence motrice, comprise comme un effet proprioceptif fournit au cours du mouvement. Ces expériences ont été enrichies de deux autres études portant sur (1)l’anticipation d’un effet tactile concomitant avec l’action et (2) le jugement perceptif d’un effet tactile. Enfin, nous avons entrepris d’appliquer ces recherches dans le développement de l’enfant et dans le domaine de la déficience motrice suite à une lésion cérébrale. Pris ensemble, les données empiriques de ces travaux mettent en lumière le rôle des effets reliés au corps dans l’anticipation de l’action. Ces résultats sont discutés au regard des théories récentes sur la prédiction des effets de l’action d’où émerge la notion de temporalité et fournissent une contribution supplémentaire à l’idée motrice de James. En outre, elles offrent un cadre théorique pertinent afin d’étudier les effets reliés au corps dans le champ de la lésion cérébrale. Enfin, en nous appuyant sur les données obtenues ainsi que sur leur discussion en termes de prédiction, nous proposons des perspectives de recherche auprès de personnes présentant une déficience motrice, des troubles d’utilisation des objets ou des enfants ayant eu un accident vasculaire cérébral artériel néonatalThe following thesis proposes to study the anticipation of body-related effects. Our work is based on the ideo-motor theory (James, 1890) in which the idea of movement triggers an action. Following the few studies on the anticipation of body-related effects, we hypothesized that tactile and proprioceptive effects were anticipated depending on how the action was performed. More precisely, we have studied in a first experiment the effect of a contingency of intensity between a response and a tactile effect; a second experiment focused on the phenomenon of proprioceptive attenuation from a tactile effect; a third experiment emphasized the anticipation of motor fluency, understood as a proprioceptive effect provided by movement. These experiments were enriched by two other studies on (1) the anticipation of a tactile effect during an action and (2) the perceptive judgment of a tactile effect. Finally, we have extended these studies into a child developmental perspective and in the field of motor impairment following brain injury. Taken together, the empirical evidence of this work highlights the role of body-related effects in anticipating an action. These results are discussed in light of recent theories on the prediction of effects of action, which rests on the notion of temporality. They provide an additional contribution of ideomotor action. In addition, they provide a relevant theoretical framework for studying body-related effects in the field of brain injury. Finally, based on our empirical data and their discussion in terms of prediction, we propose research perspectives in motor impairment, tool use disorders or children with a neonatal arterial ischemic stroke
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Lundqvist, Anna. "Cognitive functions in drivers with brain injury : Anticipation and adaption." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Rehabiliteringsmedicin, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-5159.
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The purpose of this thesis was to improve the understanding of what cognitive functions are important for driving performance, investigate the impact of impaired cognitive functions on drivers with brain injury, and study adaptation strategies relevant for driving performance after brain injury. Finally, the predictive value of a neuropsychological test battery was evaluated for driving performance. Main results can be summarized in the following conclusions: (a) Cognitive functions in terms of attentional and dynamic working memory-related functions are relevant for driving performance. (b) Neuropsychological impairments in information processing speed, divided and focused attention, requiring working memory, are associated to limitations in driving performance. In addition, qualitative aspects of driving problems especially impaired anticipatory attention appeared to constrain driving performance. (c) A neuropsychological test battery assessing speed of information processing and attention in terms of working memory predicted driving performance. In addition, cognitive factors are relevant for interpretation of driving problems qualitatively. (d) Driving speed adjustment and anticipatory attention were adaptive strategies for driving after brain injury. Interest in driving, motivation for driving safely, and driving experience appeared also relevant for driving after brain injury. (e) Collaboration between medical, neuropsychological and driving expertise is recommended for a total evaluation of driving performance after brain injury. Anticipatory attention was considered a working memory based attentional system, directing the processing resources flexibly and appropriately between the different information processing components. Thus, anticipatory attention demonstrated qualitatively that working memory is a prominent function in a real driving context.
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Lundqvist, Anna. "Cognitive functions in drivers with brain injury : anticipation and adaptation /." Linköping : Univ, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-5159.
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Strebel, Heidi. "Anticipation and dissipation : Oscar Wilde, Luigi Pirandello and reception theory." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423339.
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North, Jamie. "Identifying the minimal essential information underpinning skilled anticipation in soccer." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2007. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5824/.
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Clarke, Christopher. "Anticipation, significance and response to ecosystem impacts of large dams." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4836.
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Bibliography: leaves 21-23.This paper provides a brief overview of the context, scope, methodology and salient findings emerging from a survey of 125 large dams in 52 countries world-wide. This global Cross-Check Survey was one of four key work programme components integral to the world Commission on Dams, initiated in Gland, Switzerland in 1997. In particular the paper gives a brief overview of some of the key issues responsible for significant ecosystem impacts and highlights key responses practices in a variety of different regions and countries world-wide.
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Lemos, Elizabeth Haley. "Comparison of Coincidence-Anticipation Timing Under Binocular and Monocular Conditions." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1523474140184463.
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Montaclair, Florent. "Fantastique et anticipation chez Jules Verne et Howard Phillip Lovecraft." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040097.
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Le français Jules Verne (1828-1905) et l'américain Howard Phillips Lovecraft (1890-1937) sont considérés dans leur pays respectif comme les chantres d'une nouvelle forme littéraire : l'anticipation scientifique. Tous deux s'inscrivent dans une problématique d'insertion de la modernité et du savoir qu'elle suppose dans l'œuvre littéraire. Notre but est, à partir des points communs aux deux auteurs, d'analyser en quoi leur production est novatrice et en quoi elle est en prolongement (ou en rupture) avec les courants littéraires qui s'exprimaient dans leurs pays. Nous regardons en particulier comment leur rejet d'une forme de littérature fantastique les inscrit dans des mouvements qui déterminent leurs productions. A partir de trois points de comparaison (l'utilisation de l'espace, la forme du surnaturel et le rôle du narrateur dans le texte), notre optique, à la fois formelle et historique, tente de présenter Lovecraft et Verne dans leur siècle pour mieux approcher leurs singularitésJules Verne (1828-1905), the French writer, and Howard Phillips Lovecraft (1890-1937), the American writer, have been considered, in their respective countries, as creators of a new literary genre - science fiction. The works of both the authors are linked to the problematic of inserting modernity, and the knowledge which comes with it, in fiction. The aim of this research is to analyze what is common to both writers, how their work is innovative and whether their work becomes - or not - the prolongation of the literary movements which triumphed in their century. The rejection of a fantastic literary genre is inscribed within the movement which determines their work and forms an aspect which will be examined in depth. By using three points of comparison (namely proxemics, characteristics of the supernatural, and the narrator's role in the text), the formal and historical perspective of this research tries to study Lovecraft and Verne in their own century so as to bring out their uniqueness within the literary context of the period