Journal articles: 'ANTICIPATED PERFORMANCE INDEX'

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Nayak, Anjali, Sangeeta Madan, and Gagan Matta. "Evaluation of Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) and Anticipated Performance Index (API) of Some Plant species in Haridwar city." Evaluation of Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) and Anticipated Performance Index (API) of Some Plant species in Haridwar city 9, no. 1 (August 15, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31786/09756272.18.9.1.101.

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Panda, L. R. Lakshmikanta, R. K. Aggarwal, and D. R. Bhardwaj. "A review on Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) and Anticipated Performance Index (API)." Current World Environment 13, no. 1 (April 20, 2018): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.13.1.06.

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Now a day’s air pollution is one of the serious problems around the world. Plants can filter the air via-aerial elements particularly through twigs, stems, leaves, etc. Afforestation program is the best way to control the air pollution. Air pollution tolerance index (APTI) is an intrinsic quality of trees to control pollution problems, which is currently of major concern of urban localities. The trees having higher tolerance index rate are tolerant towards air pollution and can be used as a source to control air pollution, where as the trees having less tolerance index can be used as an indicator to know the rate of air pollution. By combining biochemical and aggregate factors the Anticipated Performance Index is prepared, which is also helpful in green belt development. The present review is based on the assessment of APTI and API potential of different plants for mitigating air pollution

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Anake, Winifred Uduak, Jacinta Eigbefoh Eimanehi, and Conrad Asotie Omonhinmin. "Evaluation of Air Pollution Tolerance Index and Anticipated Performance Index of Selected Plant Species." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 19, no. 1 (January 29, 2019): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.35270.

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This study reports a combination of two indices, air pollution tolerance index (APTI) and anticipated performance index (API) as viable tools for selecting suitable plants for pollution abatement program. Leaf samples of 6 plant species; Mangifera indica, Araucaria heterophylla, Elaeis guineensis, Syzygium malaccense, Acacia auriculiformis, and Chrysophyllum albidium were collected from an industrial and academic areas at Ado-Odo, Ota, Nigeria; during the dry season of January to March 2018. Biochemical parameters; leaf-pH, relative leaf water content, total chlorophyll content, and ascorbic acid content were analyzed to compute the APTI values. Combined APTI, botanical and socioeconomic indices were graded to evaluate the API of the different plant species. The APTI for the species ranged between 4.79 and 10.7, ideal for sensitive species category (APTI < 11), and the plants are classified as bio indicators of air pollution. The API indicates Mangifera indica and Syzygium malaccense (API = 4) as good performers while Chrysophyllum albidum is a moderate performer (API = 3). The three tree species were identified as suitable green belt plants and thus valuable additions to the green belt development plant list in tropical Africa.

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Singh Garg, K., M. Pal, and Kirti Jain. "A STUDY ON AIR POLLUTION TOLERANCE INDEX (APTI) AND ANTICIPATED PERFORMANCE INDEX (API) OF SOME PLANTS." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 12 (December 31, 2021): 619–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13950.

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Due to industrialization, urbanization and increasing number of vehicles air pollution has turn out to be serious problem today. Now a days particulate matter shows the undesirable effects on plants, animals and human beings also. Tree plantation programme is the best ways to control the air pollution. Most of the plants filter the air by their aerial elements. Vegetation naturally cleanses the atmosphere by absorbing gases and some particulate matters through leaves so they work as sink for air pollution and reduce pollution level in atmosphere. Leaves function as an efficient pollutant trapping device. Air pollution can directly affects plants via leaves or indirectly via soil acidification. Air pollution tolerance index (APTI) is an intrinsic quality of trees to control air pollution problems. The trees higher tolerance index are tolerance towards air pollution and can be used a source to control air pollution. Air pollution tolerance index can be used as an indicator of rate of air pollution. By combining biochemical and aggregate factors the anticipated performance index (API) is prepared which is used as development of green belt. Thus, the assessment of APTI and API potential of different trees are used to control air pollution.

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Pandey, Ashutosh Kumar, Mayank Pandey, Ashutosh Mishra, Ssiddhant Mohan Tiwary, and B. D. Tripathi. "Air pollution tolerance index and anticipated performance index of some plant species for development of urban forest." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 14, no. 4 (2015): 866–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2015.08.001.

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Javanmard, Zeinab, Masoud Tabari Kouchaksaraei, Seyed Mohsen Hosseini, and Ashutosh Kumar Pandey. "Assessment of anticipated performance index of some deciduous plant species under dust air pollution." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 31 (July 8, 2020): 38987–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09957-w.

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Enitan, Ibironke Titilayo, Olatunde Samod Durowoju, Joshua Nosa Edokpayi, and John Ogony Odiyo. "A Review of Air Pollution Mitigation Approach Using Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) and Anticipated Performance Index (API)." Atmosphere 13, no. 3 (February 23, 2022): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13030374.

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Air pollution is a global environmental issue, and there is an urgent need for sustainable remediation techniques. Thus, phytoremediation has become a popular approach to air pollution remediation. This paper reviewed 28 eco-friendly indigenous plants based on both the air pollution tolerance index (APTI) and anticipated performance index (API), using tolerance level and performance indices to evaluate the potential of most indigenous plant species for air pollution control. The estimated APTI ranged from 4.79 (Syzygium malaccense) to 31.75 (Psidium guajava) among the studied indigenous plants. One of the selected plants is tolerant, and seven (7) are intermediate to air pollution with their APTI in the following order: Psidium guajava (31.75) > Swietenia mahogany (28.08) > Mangifera indica L. (27.97) > Ficus infectoria L. (23.93) > Ficus religiosa L. (21.62) > Zizyphus Oenoplia Mill (20.06) > Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (19.01) > Ficus benghalensis L. (18.65). Additionally, the API value indicated that Mangifera indica L. ranges from best to good performer; Ficus religiosa L. and Azadirachta indica A. Juss. from excellent to moderate performers; and Cassia fistula L. from poor to very poor performer for air pollution remediation. The Pearson correlation shows that there is a positive correlation between API and APTI (R2 = 0.63), and this implies that an increase in APTI increases the API and vice versa. This paper shows that Mangifera indica L., Ficus religiosa L., and Azadirachta indica A. Juss. have good potential for sustainable reduction in air pollution for long-term management and green ecomanagement development.

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Ogunkunle, C. O., L. B. Suleiman, S. Oyedeji, O. O. Awotoye, and P. O. Fatoba. "Assessing the air pollution tolerance index and anticipated performance index of some tree species for biomonitoring environmental health." Agroforestry Systems 89, no. 3 (January 8, 2015): 447–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10457-014-9781-7.

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Irshad, Muhammad Atif, Rab Nawaz, Sajjad Ahmad, Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad Rizwan, Naveed Ahmad, Moazzam Nizami, and Tanveer Ahmed. "Evaluation of Anticipated Performance Index of Tree Species for Air Pollution Mitigation in Islamabad, Pakistan." Journal of Environmental Science and Management 23, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2020_1/06.

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There is ever increasing problem of air pollution in cities due to urbanization, industrialization, population growth and increased number of vehicles. Plants can play a vital role in mitigation of air pollution in urban areas. The present study was conducted to estimate the Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) and Anticipated Performance Index (API) for 21 different plant species used for green belt development along the roadsides in Islamabad, the capital city of Pakistan. For APTI and API estimation, ascorbic acid, total chlorophyll content, relative water content and pH of leaf extract of selected plant species were measured using standard methods. The results showed that Syzygium cumini L. (jaman), Pterospermum acerifolium (kanak champa) and Alstonia scholaris (devil tree) were the excellent performers. According to API and APTI values, these species were found effective in reducing air pollution and could be effective for green belt development in urban areas. Albezia lebbeck, Melia azedarach, Eucliptus camaldulensis, Dalbergia sissoo, Tamarindus indica, Acacia nilotica L., Callistemon viminalis and Leucaena leucocephala are very poor performers regarding air and noise abatement. These plants are very poor performers and are very sensitive plants to air pollution. These plants can be used as bio-indicators of poor urban air quality.

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Sharma, Abhay, Satish Kumar Bhardwaj, L. R. Lakshmikanta Panda, and Abha Sharma. "Evaluation of Anticipated Performance Index of Plant Species for Green Belt Development to Mitigate Air Pollution." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 11, no. 6 (December 31, 2020): 536–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.23910/1.2020.2148.

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Anticipated Performance Index (API) is an innovative ecological approach in selecting plant species for reducing air pollution, using Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) and socio-economic parameters. The present study evaluated API of 11 plant species (6 trees and 5 shrubs) for the recommendation of green belt establishment near the national highway expansion region of the Kiratpur-Nerchowk expressway. The scrutiny of the results revealed that the tolerance capacity of plant species along with their performance grade is a justified approach for selecting the most suitable plant species, which can act as sink for air pollution. API on the other hand, can also help to distinguish the sensitive plant species, which can act as bio-monitors. The results showed that among all plant species Leucaena leucocephala and Toona ciliata (API=5) qualify as ‘very good’ performers in green belt development, while Dalbergia sisso (API=4) is a ‘good’ performer. Grewia optiva and Ficus palmata were judged as ‘moderate’ performers (API=3). Whereas, all other remaining investigated trees and shrubs having lesser API values can act as bio-indicators and particularly are very less recommended for green belt establishment. Hence, on the basis of amalgamation of APTI values together with other socio-economic and biological parameters, API significantly is considered as one of the best approaches identified and recommended for long-term refinement of air quality.

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Leghari, Saadullah, Ali Akbar, Said Qasim, Sami Ullah, Mudassir Asrar, Huma Rohail, Sheikh Ahmed, Khalid Mehmood, and Imran Ali. "Estimating Anticipated Performance Index and Air Pollution Tolerance Index of Some Trees and Ornamental Plant Species for the Construction of Green Belts." Polish Journal of Environmental Studies 28, no. 3 (February 18, 2019): 1759–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/89587.

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Hatamimanesh, Masoud, Samar Mortazavi, Eisa Solgi, and Ahmad Mohtadi. "Assessment of Tolerance of Some Tree Species to Air Contamination Using Air Pollution Tolerance and Anticipated Performance Indices in Isfahan City, Iran." Journal of Advances in Environmental Health Research 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 31–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jaehr.9.1.1195.

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Background: In the present study, the tolerance of plantain tree species (Platanus orientalis, Morus nigra and Ailanthus altissima) to air pollution was evaluated using Air Pollution Tolerance Index (ATPI) and Anticipated Performance Index (API) index in Isfahan city (Iran). Methods: For this purpose, three dominant trees growing at six stations in Isfahan was selected and then sampling of the tree leaves was performed, after being transferred to the laboratory, the ATPI and API index were calculated. Results: The results of calculating the ATPI in the leaves of M. nigra, P. orientalis and A. altissima species showed that the highest values of ATPI index was obtained in M. nigra at 20.77 and then detected in P. orientalis and A. altissima with the values 14.90 and 14.33 respectively. According to API values Morus nigra had the best performance (Score = 6 so it classified as the Excellent) while P. orientalis and A. altissima had very good and intermediate performance, respectively. Conclusion: According to ATPI and API index most tolerant tree species was Morus nigra, so it would be the most suitable species for plantation programme in urban and pollutant areas followed by Platanus orientalis and Ailanthus altissima. As well as our results suggest that Platanus orientalis and Ailanthus altissima can be used as bio-indicators of air pollution due to their low ATPI scores (lower than 16). The present study suggests that the combination of both the ATPI and API indices for identifying and selection of plant species is very useful for plantation in urban areas.

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Pathak, Vinita, B. D. Tripathi, and V. K. Mishra. "Evaluation of Anticipated Performance Index of some tree species for green belt development to mitigate traffic generated noise." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 10, no. 1 (January 2011): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2010.06.008.

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Lakshmikanta Panda, L. R., and R. K. Aggarwal. "Assessment of Air Pollution Tolerance Index and Anticipated Performance Index of Plants Growing Alongside the Roads in Sub-Temperate Condition of Himachal Pradesh." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 7, no. 10 (October 10, 2018): 79–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2018.710.010.

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Oyedeji, S., O. O. Agboola, J. K. Oyekunle, D. A. Animasaun, and P. O. Fatoba. "Assessment of tree species resistance to air pollution around a metal-scrap recycling factory using air pollution tolerance index and anticipated performance index." Ruhuna Journal of Science 10, no. 1 (August 16, 2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/rjs.v10i1.51.

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Harrison, Ross F., Jeremiah E. Mcnamara, Claire B. Beaumont, Elizabeth A. Sadowski, Richard J. Chappell, Mian M. Shahzad, Ryan J. Spencer, et al. "Using simple radiologic measurements to anticipate surgical challenge in endometrial cancer: a prospective study." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 29, no. 1 (January 2019): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-2018-000037.

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ObjectivesTo determine if linear measurements of adiposity from pre-operative imaging can improve anticipation of surgical difficulty among endometrial cancer patients.MethodsEighty patients with newly diagnosed endometrial cancer were enrolled. Routine pre-operative imaging (MRI or CT) was performed. Radiologic linear measurements of the following were obtained: anterior-to-posterior skin distance; anterior skin to anterior edge of L5 distance (total anterior); anterior peritoneum to anterior edge of L5 distance (visceral obesity); and posterior edge of L5 to posterior skin distance (total posterior). Surgeons completed questionnaires quantifying preoperative anticipated operative difficulty and postoperative reported operative difficulty. The primary objective was to assess for a correlation between linear measurements of visceral fat and reported operative difficulty.ResultsSeventy-nine patients had questionnaires completed, preoperative imaging obtained, and surgery performed. Univariate analysis showed all four linear measurements, body mass index, weight, and anticipated operative difficulty were associated with increased reported operative difficulty (P< 0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that body mass index and linear measurements visceral obesity and total posterior were independently associated with increased reported operative difficulty (P< 0.05). Compared with body mass index, the visceral obesity measurement was more sensitive and specific for predicting increased reported operative difficulty (visceral obesity; sensitivity 54%, specificity 91 %; body mass index; sensitivity 38%, specificity 89%). A difficulty risk model combining body mass index, visceral obesity, and total posterior demonstrated better predictive performance than any individual preoperative variable.ConclusionsSimple linear measurements of visceral fat obtained from preoperative imaging are more predictive than body mass index alone in anticipating surgeon-reported operative difficulty. These easily obtained measurements may assist in preoperative decision making in this challenging patient population.

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Walia, Kashish, R. K. Aggrawal, and S. K. Bhardwaj. "Evaluation of Air Pollution Tolerance Index and Anticipated Performance Index of Plants and their Role in Development of Green Belt along National Highway-22." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 8, no. 03 (March 10, 2019): 2498–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2019.803.296.

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Kaur, Mandeep, and Avinash Kaur Nagpal. "Evaluation of air pollution tolerance index and anticipated performance index of plants and their application in development of green space along the urban areas." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 24, no. 23 (June 26, 2017): 18881–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9500-9.

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Butt, Muhammad A., Andrzej Kaźmierczak, Nikolay L. Kazanskiy, and Svetlana N. Khonina. "Metal-Insulator-Metal Waveguide-Based Racetrack Integrated Circular Cavity for Refractive Index Sensing Application." Electronics 10, no. 12 (June 12, 2021): 1419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10121419.

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Herein, a novel cavity design of racetrack integrated circular cavity established on metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide is suggested for refractive index sensing application. Over the past few years, we have witnessed several unique cavity designs to improve the sensing performance of the plasmonic sensors created on the MIM waveguide. The optimized cavity design can provide the best sensing performance. In this work, we have numerically analyzed the device design by utilizing the finite element method (FEM). The small variations in the geometric parameter of the device can bring a significant shift in the sensitivity and the figure of merit (FOM) of the device. The best sensitivity and FOM of the anticipated device are 1400 nm/RIU and ~12.01, respectively. We believe that the sensor design analyzed in this work can be utilized in the on-chip detection of biochemical analytes.

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Jahan, Nusrat. "An Investigation into The Equivalency of Three Performance Dimensions: Evidence from Commercial Banks in Bangladesh." Asia-Pacific Management Accounting Journal 14, no. 1 (April 30, 2019): 69–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/apmaj.v14i1-04.

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This study evaluated the three dimensions of performance of commercial banks in Bangladesh by analyzing the trend of the Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) of the Total Factor Productivity (TFP), Return on Asset (ROA) and Total Stock Return (TSR) over the period 2011 to 2015. The study developed an empirical framework with the intention to examine the equivalency of three dimensions of performance. Since, the measures of performance are different, they cannot be tested in their original form; hence, the growth rate of each category of performance measures were estimated and tested to examine the comparability among them. Evaluation of profitability revealed a decreasing trend and evaluation of stock performance suggests that investors are incurring losses on their investment over the selected period. Evaluation of productivity indicates that productivity regress was recorded initially but at the end of the studied period a modest productivity growth was recorded. Finally, this study was able to ascertain the anticipated equivalency of outcome of the three dimensions of performance. Keywords: Malmquist productivity index, total factor productivity, return on asset, total stock return

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Wei, Hui, Yunyao Liu, Jue Li, Lihao Liu, and Honglin Liu. "Reliability Investigation of Pavement Performance Evaluation Based on Blind-Number Theory: A Confidence Model." Applied Sciences 13, no. 15 (July 30, 2023): 8794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13158794.

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The evaluation of in-service pavements’ performance is a complex system that encompasses a variety of uncertain factors. These uncertainties include random, fuzzy, gray, and unascertained information, and their interrelationships are intricate, making comprehensive quantification unachievable. Nonetheless, current highway management organizations rely on a comprehensive indicator, namely, the Pavement Quality Index (PQI), to assess the level of pavement performance. This paper introduces a novel approach that employs blind number theory to evaluate the reliability of pavement performance test data. The proposed method aims to enhance the representativeness of PQI and is demonstrated using detection data from highway asphalt pavements in Hunan Province. The method takes into account the probability distribution characteristics of evaluation metrics and incorporates the blind number representation format of PQI. A confidence model for pavement performance evaluation is established to assess the reliability of pavement detection results. The method also integrates expert empowerment and entropy weight to consider both the subjectivity of evaluation and the objectivity of measured data. The method presented in this study has demonstrated superior performance compared to traditional evaluation index systems. This is attributed to the effective utilization of blind information to accurately characterize the discreteness of pavement performance indexes. Consequently, pavement performance can be quantitatively graded based on anticipated issues and data.

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Liu, Wei, Xinlei Yang, Hao Lin, Zhenhua Li, and Feng Qian. "Fusing Speed Index during Web Page Loading." ACM SIGMETRICS Performance Evaluation Review 50, no. 1 (June 20, 2022): 45–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3547353.3522663.

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With conventional web page load metrics (e.g., Page Load Time) being blamed for deviating from actual user experiences, in recent years a more sensible and complex metric called Speed Index (SI) has been widely adopted to measure the user's quality of experience (QoE). In brief, SI indicates how quickly a page is filled up with above-the-fold visible elements (or crucial elements for short). To date, however, SI has been used as a metric for performance evaluation, rather than as an explicit heuristic to improve page loading. To demystify this, we examine the entire loading process of various pages and ascribe such incapability to three-fold fundamental uncertainties in terms of network, browser execution, and viewport size. In this paper, we design SipLoader, an SI-oriented page load scheduler through a novel cumulative reactive scheduling framework. It does not attempt to deal with uncertainties in advance or in one shot, but schedules page loading by "repairing" the anticipated (nearly) SI-optimal scheduling when uncertainties actually occur. This is achieved with a suite of efficient designs that fully exploit the cumulative nature of SI calculation. Evaluations show that SipLoader improves the median SI by 41%, and provides 1.43 times to 1.99 times more benefits than state-of-the-art solutions.

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Liu, Wei, Xinlei Yang, Hao Lin, Zhenhua Li, and Feng Qian. "Fusing Speed Index during Web Page Loading." Proceedings of the ACM on Measurement and Analysis of Computing Systems 6, no. 1 (February 24, 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3511214.

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With conventional web page load metrics (e.g., Page Load Time) being blamed for deviating from actual user experiences, in recent years a more sensible and complex metric called Speed Index (SI) has been widely adopted to measure the user's quality of experience (QoE). In brief, SI indicates how quickly a page is filled up with above-the-fold visible elements (or crucial elements for short). To date, however, SI has been used as a metric for performance evaluation, rather than as an explicit heuristic to improve page loading. To demystify this, we examine the entire loading process of various pages and ascribe such incapability to three-fold fundamental uncertainties in terms of network, browser execution, and viewport size. In this paper, we design SipLoader, an SI-oriented page load scheduler through a novel cumulative reactive scheduling framework. It does not attempt to deal with uncertainties in advance or in one shot, but schedules page loading by "repairing" the anticipated (nearly) SI-optimal scheduling when uncertainties actually occur. This is achieved with a suite of efficient designs that fully exploit the cumulative nature of SI calculation. Evaluations show that SipLoader improves the median SI by 41%, and provides 1.43 times to 1.99 times more benefits than state-of-the-art solutions.

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MAO, RUI, WEIJIA XU, NEHA SINGH, and DANIEL P. MIRANKER. "AN ASSESSMENT OF A METRIC SPACE DATABASE INDEX TO SUPPORT SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY." International Journal on Artificial Intelligence Tools 14, no. 05 (October 2005): 867–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218213005002430.

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Hierarchical metric-space clustering methods have been commonly used to organize proteomes into taxonomies. Consequently, it is often anticipated that hierarchical clustering can be leveraged as a basis for scalable database index structures capable of managing the hyper-exponential growth of sequence data. M-tree is one such data structure specialized for the management of large data sets on disk. We explore the application of M-trees to the storage and retrieval of peptide sequence data. Exploiting a technique first suggested by Myers, we organize the database as records of fixed length substrings. Empirical results are promising. However, metric-space indexes are subject to "the curse of dimensionality" and the ultimate performance of an index is sensitive to the quality of the initial construction of the index. We introduce new hierarchical bulk-load algorithm that alternates between top-down and bottom-up clustering to initialize the index. Using the Yeast Proteomes, the bi-directional bulk load produces a more effective index than the existing M-tree initialization algorithms.

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Kwak, Myeong Ja, Jong Kyu Lee, Sanghee Park, Yea Ji Lim, Handong Kim, Kyeong Nam Kim, Sun Mi Je, Chan Ryul Park, and Su Young Woo. "Evaluation of the Importance of Some East Asian Tree Species for Refinement of Air Quality by Estimating Air Pollution Tolerance Index, Anticipated Performance Index, and Air Pollutant Uptake." Sustainability 12, no. 7 (April 10, 2020): 3067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12073067.

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Potentials of tree species as biofilters depend on appropriate selection based on their tolerance to air pollution, which is usually evaluated by the air pollution tolerance index (APTI) and anticipated performance index (API). Thus, these index values need as a means of scientific understanding to assess the role of urban trees for better greenspace planning/management to mitigate impacts of gaseous air pollution such as ozone (O3) and sulfur dioxide (SO2). O3 exposure to Chionanthus retusus, Pinus densiflora, and Ginkgo biloba showed higher stomatal O3 flux than the others, finally resulting in both favoring stomatal movement and maintaining carbon fixation. In contrast, despite the whole tree enhanced SO2 uptake under excess SO2 exposure, the carbon assimilation capacity was only found in Taxus cuspidata and Zelkova serrata as a consequence of no stomatal sluggishness. On the basis of API, P. densiflora and Prunus × yedoensis were good performers for developing greenspace, while Z. serrata and G. biloba were moderate performers; however, C. retusus and T. cuspidata were estimated to be poor and very poor performers, respectively, for reducing the air quality injury caused by air pollutants. The present study suggests that an integration of both APTI and API based on stomatal absorption flux is needed for selecting sound tree-species in greenspace planning/construction to control gaseous air pollutions.

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Yadav, Radheshyam, and Puneeta Pandey. "Assessment of Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) and Anticipated Performance Index (API) of Roadside Plants for the Development of Greenbelt in Urban Area of Bathinda City, Punjab, India." Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 105, no. 6 (October 18, 2020): 906–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00128-020-03027-0.

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Rajakaruna, R. K. M. J. M., and K. Masakorala. "Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) and Anticipated Performance Index (API) of plants found in Matara city area, Sri Lanka: An approach for recommending plants for landscaping city areas." Journal of the University of Ruhuna 7, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/jur.v7i2.7950.

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Noor, Mehwish Jamil, Shazia Sultana, Sonia Fatima, Mushtaq Ahmad, Muhammad Zafar, Maliha Sarfraz, Masour A. Balkhyour, Sher Zaman Safi, and Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf. "RETRACTED ARTICLE: Estimation of Anticipated Performance Index and Air Pollution Tolerance Index and of vegetation around the marble industrial areas of Potwar region: bioindicators of plant pollution response." Environmental Geochemistry and Health 37, no. 3 (December 11, 2014): 441–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10653-014-9657-9.

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Mukhtarova, Akbikesh. "Central Asia performance review in land governance indices and assessment frameworks." Central Asian Journal of Water Research 7, no. 2 (December 30, 2021): 74–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.29258/cajwr/2021-r1.v7-2/74-96.eng.

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Academic scholarship captures different land governance dimensions while focusing mainly on agrarian, legal, and economic aspects. However, little to no attention is paid to land governance consideration through public policy lenses. In particular, this holds for Central Asian (CA) countries where there is a noticeable lack of academic works on land governance effectiveness and anti-corruption strategies in the land sector. This review paper analyzes the question of how Central Asian countries are presented in land governance indices and assessment frameworks such as the World Bank’s Land Governance Assessment Framework (LGAF), Global Property Rights Index (Prindex), Global Land Governance Index (LANDex), and The Open Data Barometer. The paper uses the integrative review of academic works and the author’s empirical data on Central Asian performance in land governance indices and assessment programs. The findings revealed that while the Prindex results for the region are promising, the underperformance and lack of active engagement of Central Asian countries in the Open Data Barometer, LANDex, and LGAF are still visible. This fact could be explained by various reasons, including the lack of institutional and legal capacities in CA countries and the limitation in methodology and data collection techniques observed in present land indices. Considering that the subject is understudied, it is anticipated that this review paper will give both scholars and practitioners from the region and abroad the impetus to improve Central Asian performance in global land governance indices and assessment programs.

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Oh, Myunghwan, Jaesung Park, Seungjun Roh, and Chulsung Lee. "Deducing the Optimal Control Method for Electrochromic Triple Glazing through an Integrated Evaluation of Building Energy and Daylight Performance." Energies 11, no. 9 (August 23, 2018): 2205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11092205.

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Electrochromic glass is anticipated as the next generation of solar control glass for construction because it can control the transmittance of the glass itself. This study analyzed building energy and light environment performance by applying electrochromic glass in triple glazing in order to verify both the solar control characteristics of electrochromic glass and its high insulation performance. This paper evaluates the performance of the electrochromic glass developed by our research team in Korea in five control conditions of varying temperatures and solar radiation levels. By analyzing the cooling and heating load, lighting energy, Daylight Glare Index (DGI), and interior illuminance when applying the selected conditions to office buildings, this paper discerns the optimal control conditions for electrochromic glass. To do so, the optical characteristic data of the electrochromic glass was analyzed via an experiment, and the creation of triple glazing for construction was conducted. The performance of electrochromic glass was evaluated by analyzing hourly and yearly data for cooling, heating load, and lighting energy during a typical day in summer and winter. From this analysis, the control condition with an outstanding performance from an energy perspective was identified. The performance of the light environment was assessed, and the EDPI overall evaluation index was used to find the electrochromic glass’ optimum control conditions for integrating energy and light environment.

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Noor, Mehwish Jamil, Shazia Sultana, Sonia Fatima, Mushtaq Ahmad, Muhammad Zafar, Maliha Sarfraz, Masour A. Balkhyour, Sher Zaman Safi, and Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf. "Retraction Note to: Estimation of Anticipated Performance Index and Air Pollution Tolerance Index and of vegetation around the marble industrial areas of Potwar region: bioindicators of plant pollution response." Environmental Geochemistry and Health 39, no. 3 (March 1, 2016): 705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10653-016-9812-6.

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Kumar Srivastava, Ashish. "An investigation on the efficiency of the CNG engine's intake manifold and injection systems." Journal of Futuristic Sciences and Applications 1, no. 2 (2018): 60–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.51976/jfsa.121807.

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Variations such as piston, exhaust, and manifold were prerequisites in the internal-combustion engine to achieving effective torque, power, and productivity. The reduction of toxic gas emissions is another benefit. Engine performance was improved due to these variables. The intake manifold's primary function is to ensure that the air-fuel mixture is distributed uniformly throughout the cylinders of the engine. The development of an intake manifold and an investigation into the effects of CNG SPFI performance variables such as injection position and air-fuel ratio. Deflection and stress have been measured in a variety of systems. The air-fuel mixture's homogeneity index was also tested by moving the injection point in an examination of computational fluid dynamics. In addition, the k turbulence approach was used to show the impact of turbulence on the aircraft. In this case, the engine's performance was anticipated using 1D experimentation software, and the results were compared to those obtained by simulation.

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Eng Teoh, Lay, Siew Yoke Goh, and Hooi Ling Khoo. "Green Assessment and Improvement Framework for Electric Bus Operational System." Jurnal Kejuruteraan 33, no. 3 (August 30, 2021): 741–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2021-33(3)-32.

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In response to the worldwide environmental problem and fossil oil dependency concern, electric bus (EB) has emerged as a promising green transport to alleviate air pollution. However, there is no available method on how to quantify the environmental (green) performance of EB operational system that could provide proper guidance to the bus operators. Thus, this study aims to develop a green assessment and improvement framework for EB operational system which is capable of capturing bus noise, emission, and energy consumption level explicitly in quantifying the respective green index. To do this, the approaches of Gini Index, Analytic Hierarchy as well as Weighted-grading are employed accordingly. The resultant Green Performance Index (GPI) is vital not only to enhance the green performance of EB operational system, but also to tackle the needs and preferences of the bus operators in meeting the demand of passengers. By analysing a study area in Putrajaya (Malaysia), the findings show that the green performance of EB operational system would vary across numerous operational factors, including load factor, bus frequency, and bus type. The results also highlight that the green weightage of energy consumption emerges with the highest value (approximately 69%). Besides that, it was found that the improvement strategy of load factor increment is beneficial to improve the GPI of the bus operator, up to 37.9%. Concisely, it is anticipated that the developed approach as well as the resultant findings would yield useful insights especially to the bus operators to operate EB in a greener and better manner.

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Patel, Dhruti, and J. I. Nirmal Kumar. "An Evaluation of Air Pollution Tolerance Index and Anticipated Performance Index of Some Tree Species Considered for Green Belt Development: A Case Study of Nandesari Industrial Area, Vadodara, Gujarat, India." Open Journal of Air Pollution 07, no. 01 (2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojap.2018.71001.

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Howard, Jennifer S., Carl G. Mattacola, David R. Mullineaux, Robert A. English, and Christian Lattermann. "Patient-Oriented and Performance-Based Outcomes After Knee Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation: A Timeline for the First Year of Recovery." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 23, no. 3 (August 2014): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2013-0094.

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Context:It is well established that autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) can require extended recovery postoperatively; however, little information exists to provide clinicians and patients with a timeline for anticipated function during the first year after ACI.Objective:To document the recovery of functional performance of activities of daily living after ACI.Patients:ACI patients (n = 48, 29 male; 35.1 ± 8.0 y).Intervention:All patients completed functional tests (weight-bearing squat, walk-across, sit-to-stand, step-up/over, and forward lunge) using the NeuroCom long force plate (Clackamas, OR) and completed patient-reported outcome measures (International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Evaluation Form, Lysholm, Western Ontario and McMaster Osteoarthritis Index [WOMAC], and 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey) preoperatively and 3, 6, and 12 mo postoperatively.Main Outcome Measures:A covariance pattern model was used to compare performance and self-reported outcome across time and provide a timeline for functional recovery after ACI.Results:Participants demonstrated significant improvement in walk-across stride length from baseline (42.0% ± 8.9% height) at 6 (46.8% ± 8.1%) and 12 mo (46.6% ± 7.6%). Weight bearing on the involved limb during squatting at 30°, 60°, and 90° was significantly less at 3 mo than presurgery. Step-up/over time was significantly slower at 3 mo (1.67 ± 0.69 s) than at baseline (1.49 ± 0.33 s), 6 mo (1.51 ± 0.36 s), and 12 mo (1.40 ± 0.26 s). Step-up/over lift-up index was increased from baseline (41.0% ± 11.3% body weight [BW]) at 3 (45.0% ± 11.7% BW), 6 (47.0% ± 11.3% BW), and 12 mo (47.3% ± 11.6% BW). Forward-lunge time was decreased at 3 mo (1.51 ± 0.44 s) compared with baseline (1.39 ± 0.43 s), 6 mo (1.32 ± 0.05 s), and 12 mo (1.27 ± 0.06). Similarly, forward-lunge impact force was decreased at 3 mo (22.2% ± 1.4% BW) compared with baseline (25.4% ± 1.5% BW). The WOMAC demonstrated significant improvements at 3 mo. All patient-reported outcomes were improved from baseline at 6 and 12 mo postsurgery.Conclusions:Patients' perceptions of improvements may outpace physical changes in function. Decreased function for at least the first 3 mo after ACI should be anticipated, and improvement in performance of tasks requiring weight-bearing knee flexion, such as squatting, going down stairs, or lunging, may not occur for a year or more after surgery.

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Edmonds, Heidi K., C. A. Knox Lovell, and Julie E. Lovell. "The Inequities of National Adaptation to Climate Change." Resources 12, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources12010001.

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With global efforts to mitigate climate change lagging behind what is necessary to achieve Paris Agreement global warming targets, global mean temperatures are increasing, and weather extremes are becoming more frequent and more severe. When mitigation falters, adaptation to current and anticipated future climate conditions becomes increasingly urgent. This study provides a novel collection of adaptive capacity and adaptation readiness indicators, which it aggregates into a composite adaptation index to assess the relative adaptation performance of nations. Adaptation performance is assessed using two complementary techniques, a distance to frontier analysis and a dominance analysis. Developed countries perform relatively well and developing countries perform relatively poorly in both exercises. Adaptation performance is found to be closely and positively related to both national income per capita and greenhouse gas emissions per capita, highlighting the inequities of global adaptation performance. These adaptation inequities are consistent with the IPCC assessment that nations most affected by climate change are those that are least able to adapt and contribute least to the problem, creating a need for assistance from developed countries.

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Gupta, S., S. Nayek, and P. Bhattacharya. "Effect of air-borne heavy metals on the biochemical signature of tree species in an industrial region, with an emphasis on anticipated performance index." Chemistry and Ecology 27, no. 4 (April 20, 2011): 381–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02757540.2011.561791.

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Rodriquez, Carlotta, José Manuel Mendes, and Xavier Romão. "Identifying the Importance of Disaster Resilience Dimensions across Different Countries Using the Delphi Method." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (July 26, 2022): 9162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159162.

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The article proposes a framework establishing a disaster resilience index applicable worldwide that accounts for differences between countries in terms of development and in terms of the relevance of several resilience dimensions. To achieve this index, countries were clustered using an indicator that reflected their performance according to the Sustainable Development Goals. For each cluster of countries, a Delphi process was used to obtain scores for every resilience dimension and sub-dimension that were then transformed into weights that varied from cluster to cluster to reflect differences in sustainable development. The article discusses the methodology that led to the quantification of the weights according to the Delphi process, as well as its results. The results highlighted the anticipated differences between different groups of countries, but also reflected cluster-specific features that should be accounted for when analyzing disaster resilience. The article also discusses different applications and possible improvements of the proposed framework based on comments collected during the Delphi process.

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Anake, Winifred U., Faith O. Bayode, Hassana O. Jonathan, Conrad A. Omonhinmin, Oluwole A. Odetunmibi, and Timothy A. Anake. "Screening of Plant Species Response and Performance for Green Belt Development: Implications for Semi-Urban Ecosystem Restoration." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (March 28, 2022): 3968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14073968.

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Screened plant species with potential for green belt development can act as eco-sustainable tools for restoring the polluted ecosystem. Eight plant species from two study locations in Ado-Odo, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria, were examined to identify their air pollution response and performance by deploying two air pollution indices, namely air pollution tolerance index (APTI) and anticipated performance index (API). APTI results identified all screened plants as sensitive species suitable as bio-indicators of air pollution, with Ficus auriculata (2.42) common to the non-industrial location being the most sensitive. API scores categorized Ficus auriculata (56.25%) as a moderate performer, while Syzygium malaccense (75%) and Mangifera indica (75%) were identified as very good performers, suitable for green belt development. The relationship between each biochemical parameter with APTI was investigated using regression analysis and two-way analysis of variance. The model result showed a significant relationship between each biochemical parameter with APTI, and relative water content had the highest influence on APTI (R2 = 0.99436). Both indices (APTI and API) are suitable for screening and recommending native plant species for cultivation in the polluted environment, thus promoting ecological restoration. Hence, Syzygium malaccense, Mangifera indica and Ficus auriculata, respectively, were recommended for green belts design. Further intensive screening to identify tolerant species and best to excellent performer’s trees suitable for restoring the ecosystem is advised.

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Fok, Hok, and Qing He. "Water Level Reconstruction Based on Satellite Gravimetry in the Yangtze River Basin." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 7, no. 7 (July 23, 2018): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi7070286.

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The monitoring of hydrological extremes requires water level measurement. Owing to the decreasing number of continuous operating hydrological stations globally, remote sensing indices have been advocated for water level reconstruction recently. Nevertheless, the feasibility of gravimetrically derived terrestrial water storage (TWS) and its corresponding index for water level reconstruction have not been investigated. This paper aims to construct a correlative relationship between observed water level and basin-averaged Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) TWS and its Drought Severity Index (GRACE-DSI), for the Yangtze river basin on a monthly temporal scale. The results are subsequently compared against traditional remote sensing, Palmer’s Drought Severity Index (PDSI), and El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indices. Comparison of the water level reconstructed from GRACE TWS and its index, and that of remote sensing against observed water level reveals a Pearson Correlation Coefficient (PCC) above 0.90 and below 0.84, with a Root-Mean-Squares Error (RMSE) of 0.88–1.46 m, and 1.41–1.88 m and a Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficient (NSE) above 0.81 and below 0.70, respectively. The ENSO-reconstructed water levels are comparable to those based on remote sensing, whereas the PDSI-reconstructed water level shows a similar performance to that of GRACE TWS. The water level predicted at the location of another station also exhibits a similar performance. It is anticipated that the basin-averaged, remotely-sensed hydrological variables and their standardized forms (e.g., GRACE TWS and GRACE-DSI) are viable alternatives for reconstructing water levels for large river basins affected by the hydrological extremes under ENSO influence.

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Bahadoran, Majid, Seied Najmoddin Mortazavi, and Yaghoub Hajizadeh. "Evaluation of Anticipated Performance Index, biochemical, and physiological parameters of Cupressus arizonica Greene and Juniperus excelsa Bieb for greenbelt development and biomonitoring of air pollution." International Journal of Phytoremediation 21, no. 5 (January 16, 2019): 496–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15226514.2018.1537251.

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Prajapati, Santosh K., and B. D. Tripathi. "Anticipated Performance Index of some tree species considered for green belt development in and around an urban area: A case study of Varanasi city, India." Journal of Environmental Management 88, no. 4 (September 2008): 1343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.07.002.

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Bui, Huong-Thi, Uuriintuya Odsuren, Kei-Jung Kwon, Sang-Yong Kim, Jong-Cheol Yang, Na-Ra Jeong, and Bong-Ju Park. "Assessment of Air Pollution Tolerance and Particulate Matter Accumulation of 11 Woody Plant Species." Atmosphere 12, no. 8 (August 20, 2021): 1067. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12081067.

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High concentration of particulate matter (PM) threatens public health and the environment. Increasing traffic in the city is one of the main factors for increased PM in the air. Urban green spaces play an important role in reducing PM. In this study, the leaf surface and in-wax PM (sPM and wPM) accumulation were compared for 11 plant species widely used for landscaping in South Korea. In addition, biochemical characteristics of leaves (ascorbic acid chlorophyll content, leaf pH, and relative water content) were analyzed to determine air pollution tolerance. Plant species suitable for air quality improvement were selected based on their air pollution tolerance index (APTI) and anticipated performance index (API). Results showed a significant difference according to the accumulation of sPM and wPM and the plant species. PM accumulation and APTI showed a positive correlation. Pinus strobus showed the highest PM accumulation and APTI values, while Cercis chinensis showed the lowest. In 11 plants, API was divided into five groups. Pinus densiflora was classified as the best group, while Cornus officinalis and Ligustrum obtusifolium were classified as not recommended.

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Medale, Oluwafunbi Kemisola, and Nnaemeka Bethel Ezeokoli. "Risk-return Performance of Residential Property Investment in Lagos, Nigeria: A Quantitative Survey Analysis From 2001 to 2021." Asian Research Journal of Arts & Social Sciences 20, no. 3 (August 10, 2023): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/arjass/2023/v20i3450.

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Aim: To evaluate the risk-return performance of residential property investment between 2001 and 2021 in Lagos, Nigeria. Study Design: Quantitative Survey research. Place and Duration of Study: Eti-osa and Somolu LGA, Lagos State, 2022. Methodology: Survey with structured questionnaire collected primary data on non-owner-occupied residential property investments in Somolu and Eti-Osa, Lagos, Nigeria. Estate surveying and valuation firm provided the data. Analysis used descriptive statistics (charts, tables, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation) and trend analysis over 20 years (2001-2021) to assess risk-return performance. This included rental index, rental growth rate, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation. Results: In Eti-Osa, duplexes had a high expected return of 54.04% with a risk of 18.58. Bungalows and flats had lower returns of 44.61% and 41.8% with risks of 16.38 and 15.39, respectively. Duplexes performed best with a coefficient of variation of 0.34, followed by bungalows and flats at 0.37 each. In Somolu, self-contained and duplex properties performed best with returns of 19.12% and 19.08% but higher risks of 14.82 and 17.08. Bungalows and tenement buildings had returns of 15.5% and 15.32% with lower risks of 10.43 and 8.25. Self-contained apartments had the lowest return of 13.31% and low risk of 6.57, performing best in risk-return with coefficient of variation of 0.49. Overall, Eti-Osa properties performed better than Somolu. Conclusion: The study shows that rental prices experienced an overall upward trend, with flats and bungalows exhibiting higher rental growth rates compared to other property types. Appreciation rates varied across property categories, with duplexes in Eti-Osa and bungalows in Somolu showing higher average annual appreciation rates. Anticipated yield and risk varied among property types, with duplexes having the highest anticipated yield but also the highest level of risk. Therefore, this study recommends that investors prioritize flats and bungalows in Eti-Osa and Somolu, Lagos for higher rental growth and appreciation. Evaluate duplex risks, as they offer greater returns but entail elevated risk.

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Teoh, Lay Eng, Siew Yoke Goh, and Hooi Ling Khoo. "Environmental assessment and improvement strategies for electric bus operations." ITM Web of Conferences 36 (2021): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20213604004.

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In accordance with worldwide environmental problems and fossil oil dependency concern, green mobility with electric buses is receiving increasing attention as an essential road transport. Environmentally, electric buses emerge as a promising solution in particular to alleviate the emission and noise pollution. Nevertheless, there is no available method on how to quantify green (environmental) performance of electric buses that could provide proper guidance to the bus operators. Therefore, this study aims to construct a green index assessment and improvement framework for electric buses by capturing bus noise, emission and energy consumption level explicitly. The proposed framework, which is capable of quantifying the green level of electric bus operations, plays a vital role in improving the green performance of bus operating system, by considering numerous operational aspects. In order to examine the applicability of the proposed approach, an illustrative case study, focusing on the electric bus operations of Putrajaya (Malaysia), is analyzed accordingly. The resultant findings show that the green performance of electric buses would be different at varying degrees, depending on various inter-correlated factors. It is anticipated that this study may reveal some beneficial insights for the bus operators to operate environmental-friendly electric buses feasibly.

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Ali, Shiraz, Muhammad Zeeshan, Ghulam Nbi, Manzoor Hussain, Saadia, Muhammad Imran Khan, Waheed Arshad, Ali Nawaz, Amina Batool, and Muhammad Owais. "Anthesis and Booting: Two Critical Stages Vulnerable to Water Stress in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) With Respect to Yield Production." Volume 5 Issue 1, Volume 5 Issue 1 (June 30, 2022): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.34091/ajls.5.1.2.

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Six spring bread wheat varieties (AAS-11, BARS-09, Dharabi-11, Faisalabad-08, Chakwal-50 and Fatehjang-2016) and 4 elite lines of wheat (10FJ01, 12FJ26, 12FJ01 and 11FJS309) were analyzed with respect to water stress by providing them two types of treatments i.e., control (no stress) and strained treatment (20 days of stoppage of irrigation at booting and further 20 days of drought after anthesis) at Barani Agricultural Research Station, Fatehjang during 2017-18. Results of this study exhibited highly significant variations prevailed in all the wheat genotypes by viewing their mean performance with respect of all physiological and yield traits. AAS-11, Fatehjang-2016 and Dharabi-11 exhibited their best performance and pointed out elevated mean productivity (MP), stress tolerance index (STI), relative water content (RWC) and geometric mean productivity (GMP). Moreover, stress susceptibility index (SSI) and tolerance (TOL) was anticipated at lowest among the above-mentioned wheat varieties and lines. Based multivariate analysis (biplot) and dendrogram studies; AAS-11, Fatehjang-2016 and Dharabi-11 are most suitable wheat cultivars for drought tolerance at booting and anthesis stage. MP, STI, RWC, GMP, SSI and TOL are renowned to be favourable gauges for identification of drought tolerance wheat ideotype. Likewise, same wheat varieties also exhibited higher grain yield per plant that put them in higher ranked genotypes for making selections and recombination while improving wheat through breeding for drought resistant.

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Tavana, Madjid, Dawn A. Trevisani, and Jerry L. Dussault. "The Stability Model." International Journal of Information Technology Project Management 4, no. 2 (April 2013): 18–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jitpm.2013040102.

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The increasing complexity and tight coupling between people and technology in military Command and Control (C2) systems has led to greater vulnerability due to system failure. Although system vulnerabilities cannot be completely eliminated, the accidental or anticipated failures have to be thoroughly understood and guarded. Traditionally, the failure in C2 systems has been studied with resiliency and the concept of self-healing systems represented with reactive models or robustness and the concept of self-protecting systems represented with proactive models. The authors propose the stability model for simultaneous consideration of robustness and resiliency in C2 systems. Robustness and resiliency are measured with multiple criteria (i.e. repair-recovery times and repair-recovery costs). The proposed interactive framework plots the robustness and resiliency measures in a Cartesian coordinate system and derives an overall stability index for various states of the C2 system based on the theory of displaced ideals. An ideal state is formed as a composite of the best performance values and a nadir state is formed as a composite of the worst performance values exhibited by the system. Proximity to each of these performance poles is measured with the Euclidean distance. The C2 system should be as close to the ideal state as possible and as far from the nadir state as possible. The stability index is a composite measure of distance from the ideal and nadir states in the C2 system. The authors present a case study at the Air Force Research Laboratory to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed framework and exhibit the efficacy of the procedures and algorithms.

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More, Smita N., and Pravin U. Singare. "Selection of Some Plant Species Suitable for Green Belt Expansion in Mumbai Industrial Area - A Baseline to Alleviate Global Air Pollution." Asian Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 5 (2022): 1165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2022.23641.

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The air quality and global environment is immensely affected due to the industrial as well as urban expansion. The present study aims to identify the natural tolerance of six plant species towards the air pollution, which are growing along the Chembur industrial area of Mumbai. The plant’s air pollution tolerance level was identified by evaluating Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI) and Anticipated Performance Index (API). The estimation of APTI was done based on the measurement of physico-chemical parameters like pH, ascorbic acid, total chlorophyll content and the relative leaf water content of the fresh leaves of plant species grown along the industrial and non-industrial areas. The higher API values obtained for the Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol. excorrea, Polyalthia longifolia and Albizia saman (Jacq.) Merr plant species growing in the industrial zone indicate a good tolerance towards polluted air and hence are suggested for green zone development in the Chembur industrial area. The present work can be extended for the selection of the most air pollution tolerant plant species for the development of green zone along the industrial belt across the world. It will facilitate healthy atmosphere for the nearby population.

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Sung, Jang Hyun, Seung Beom Seo, and Young Ryu. "Deep Learning-Based Projection of Occurrence Frequency of Forest Fires under SSP Scenario: Exploring the Link between Drought Characteristics and Forest Fires." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (May 3, 2022): 5494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095494.

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The occurrence frequency of forest fires (OF) can be estimated using drought features because droughts are affected by climatic conditions. Previous studies have improved OF estimation performance by applying the meteorological drought index to climatic conditions. It is anticipated that the temperature will rise in South Korea in the future and that drought will become severe on account of climate change. The future OF is expected to change accordingly. This study used the standard precipitation index, relative humidity, and wind speed as predictor variables for a deep-learning-based model to estimate the OF. Climate change scenarios under shared socioeconomic pathways were used to estimate future OF. As a result, it was projected that the OF in the summer season will increase in the future (2071–2100). In particular, there will be a 15% increase in July compared to the current climate. A decrease in relative humidity and increase in wind speed will also affect the OF. Finally, drought severity was found to be the most influential factor on the OF among the four drought characteristics (severity, duration, intensity, and inter-arrival), considering inter-model variability across all global climate models.

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YOUNGDALE, E. R., J. R. MEYER, C. A. HOFFMAN, F. J. BARTOLI, and W. I. WANG. "TYPE-II SUPERLATTICES AND VARIABLE OVERLAP SUPERLATTICES IN TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION SWITCHES FOR THE LONGWAVE INFRARED." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 02, no. 03 (July 1993): 415–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218199193000255.

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We derive explicit criteria for the properties required of a semiconductor nonlinear medium suitable for use in all-optical switching devices employing total internal reflection. Transmission as a function of laser intensity and film thickness has been calculated using a realistic model for penetration of the evanescent beam under TIR conditions. Requirements based on these results include a large nonlinear refractive index, large index change at saturation and small absorption coefficient. We show that unlike previously-studied semimetals and narrow-gap semiconductors, Type-II superlattices such as InAs-GaSb and variable-overlap superlattices (variants of Type-II which include a spacer between the layer containing the conduction-band minimum and that containing the valence band maximum) such as InAs-AlSb-GaSb hold prospects for satisfying all of these requirements simultaneously. As the free carrier lifetime will have a crucial influence on device performance, we have initiated a systematic experimental study of electron-hole recombination in InAs-based superlattices. From degenerate and nondegenerate four-wave mixing experiments, we have also determined nonlinear optical coefficients as a function of difference frequency and intensity. An InAs-GaSb superlattice has been found to display a refractive index change of ≈ 0.1, as well as device figures of merit which slightly surpasses any previously reported for weakly-saturating nonlinearities at CO 2 wavelengths. It is anticipated that future experiments on Type-II superlattices with longer lifetimes may yield nearly two orders of magnitude additional improvement in the nonlinear refractive index.

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Journal articles on the topic 'ANTICIPATED PERFORMANCE INDEX'

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