Relevant bibliographies by topics / Anticipated Discrimination

Academic literature on the topic 'Anticipated Discrimination'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Anticipated Discrimination"

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Milačić-Vidojević, Ivona, Oliver Tošković, Nada Dragojević, and Marija Čolić. "Experienced and Anticipated Discrimination in Persons with Physical Disabilities in Serbia." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 3, no. 2 (January 21, 2017): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v3i2.p66-75.

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The aim of this study was to explore extensity (regarding various life domains in which it appears) and intensity of experienced and anticipated discrimination of persons with physical disabilities; (2) to investigate how experienced and anticipated discrimination relate to each other; (3) to explore relations between experienced and anticipated discrimination and certain socio demographic variables (gender, marriage, residence, family type, employment and age). The levels of experienced and anticipated stigmatization were evaluated by Discrimination and Stigma Scale (DISC – 12). The results showed that persons with physical disability experience discrimination in family life (63. 3%), (starting a family (65. 5%), marriage (45. 4%), role as a parent (45. 3%), in the experience of being avoided or shunned (42. 1%), in relation to professional staff (40. 3%), etc. They anticipate discrimination in making close relationships (46. 3%), in employment (30. 2%) and in education (24. 3%). Multiple regression analysis showed that experienced discrimination is a predictor of anticipated discrimination. Discrimination is more anticipated by unmarried participants, younger, participants living in extended families and by participants not living in their own apartments. It is necessary to design an anti-stigma campaign, which will lead to the reduction of experienced and anticipated discrimination. Keywords: stigma, experienced discrimination, anticipated discrimination, persons with physical disability.
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Milačić-Vidojević, Ivona, Oliver Tošković, Nada Dragojević, and Marija Čolić. "Experienced and Anticipated Discrimination in Persons with Physical Disabilities in Serbia." European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 7, no. 2 (January 21, 2017): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejis.v7i2.p66-75.

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The aim of this study was to explore extensity (regarding various life domains in which it appears) and intensity of experienced and anticipated discrimination of persons with physical disabilities; (2) to investigate how experienced and anticipated discrimination relate to each other; (3) to explore relations between experienced and anticipated discrimination and certain socio demographic variables (gender, marriage, residence, family type, employment and age). The levels of experienced and anticipated stigmatization were evaluated by Discrimination and Stigma Scale (DISC – 12). The results showed that persons with physical disability experience discrimination in family life (63. 3%), (starting a family (65. 5%), marriage (45. 4%), role as a parent (45. 3%), in the experience of being avoided or shunned (42. 1%), in relation to professional staff (40. 3%), etc. They anticipate discrimination in making close relationships (46. 3%), in employment (30. 2%) and in education (24. 3%). Multiple regression analysis showed that experienced discrimination is a predictor of anticipated discrimination. Discrimination is more anticipated by unmarried participants, younger, participants living in extended families and by participants not living in their own apartments. It is necessary to design an anti-stigma campaign, which will lead to the reduction of experienced and anticipated discrimination. Keywords: stigma, experienced discrimination, anticipated discrimination, persons with physical disability.
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Milacic-Vidojevic, Ivona, Dragana Djuric-Jocic, and Oliver Toskovic. "Experienced and anticipated discrimination against people with schizophrenia." Psihologija 44, no. 2 (2011): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi1102117m.

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Aim of this research was to describe the nature, direction and severity of anticipated and experienced discrimination reported by people with schizophrenia. We applied interview to 50 patients with diagnosis of schizophrenia in two psychiatric hospitals in Belgrade. Discrimination was measured with discrimination and stigma scale (DISC) which produce 3 subscores, positive experienced discrimination, negative experienced discrimination and anticipated discrimination. The same scale was used in cross-cultural research in 27 european countries. Results have shown that participants from Serbia do not recognize discrimination in all areas of life equally. The discrimination recognized is more frequentlly negative then positive and is associated with existentially important realms of life. Due to anticipated discrimination participants in our study prevent themselves from looking for a close relationship. Anticipated discrimination could not be predicted on the grounds of experienced, positive or negative discrimination.
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Üçok, A., E. Brohan, D. Rose, N. Sartorius, M. Leese, C. K. Yoon, A. Plooy, B. A. Ertekin, R. Milev, and G. Thornicroft. "Anticipated discrimination among people with schizophrenia." Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 125, no. 1 (October 24, 2011): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01772.x.

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Quinn, Diane M., Michelle K. Williams, and Bradley M. Weisz. "From discrimination to internalized mental illness stigma: The mediating roles of anticipated discrimination and anticipated stigma." Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal 38, no. 2 (June 2015): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/prj0000136.

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Lee, Margaret, and Madan M. Pillutla. "Anticipated Dissatisfaction Causes Discrimination against Attractive Candidates." Academy of Management Proceedings 2016, no. 1 (January 2016): 17805. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2016.26.

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Charness, Gary, Ramón Cobo-Reyes, Simone Meraglia, and Ángela Sánchez. "Anticipated Discrimination, Choices, and Performance: Experimental Evidence." European Economic Review 127 (August 2020): 103473. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2020.103473.

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Isaksson, A., E. Corker, J. Cotney, S. Hamilton, V. Pinfold, D. Rose, N. Rüsch, C. Henderson, G. Thornicroft, and S. Evans-Lacko. "Coping with stigma and discrimination: evidence from mental health service users in England." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 27, no. 6 (May 2, 2017): 577–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s204579601700021x.

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Aims.Mental health stigma and discrimination are significant problems. Common coping orientations include: concealing mental health problems, challenging others and educating others. We describe the use of common stigma coping orientations and explain variations within a sample of English mental health service users.Methods.Cross-sectional survey data were collected as part of the Viewpoint survey of mental health service users’ experiences of discrimination (n = 3005). Linear regression analyses were carried out to identify factors associated with the three stigma coping orientations.Results.The most common coping orientation was to conceal mental health problems (73%), which was strongly associated with anticipated discrimination. Only 51% ever challenged others because of discriminating behaviour, this being related to experienced discrimination, but also to higher confidence to tackle stigma.Conclusions.Although stigma coping orientations vary by context, individuals often choose to conceal problems, which is associated with greater anticipated and experienced discrimination and less confidence to challenge stigma. The direction of this association requires further investigation.
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Oexle, N., T. Waldmann, T. Staiger, Z. Xu, and N. Rüsch. "Mental illness stigma and suicidality: the role of public and individual stigma." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 27, no. 2 (December 6, 2016): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796016000949.

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Aims.Suicide rates are increased among unemployed individuals and mental illness stigma can contribute to both unemployment and suicidality. Persons with mental illness perceive negative attitudes among the general public and experience discrimination in their everyday life (=public stigma components) potentially leading to self-stigma and anticipated discrimination (=individual stigma components). Previous research found evidence for an association between aspects of mental illness stigma and suicidality, but has not yet clarified the underlying pathways explaining how different stigma components interact and contribute to suicidal ideation.Method.Public and individual stigma components and their association with suicidal ideation were examined among 227 unemployed persons with mental illness. A path model linking public stigma components (experienced discrimination, perceived stigma) with suicidal ideation, mediated by individual stigma components (anticipated discrimination, self-stigma), was examined using structural equation modelling within Mplus.Results.Our sample was equally split in terms of gender, on average 43 years old and about half reported no suicidal ideation during the past 30 days. In bivariate analyses all stigma components were significantly associated with suicidal ideation. In the path model and controlling for symptoms, the association between experienced discrimination and suicidal ideation was fully mediated by anticipated discrimination and self-stigma. Perceived stigma's contribution to suicidal ideation was fully mediated by anticipated discrimination, but not by self-stigma.Conclusions.In general, programmes addressing multiple stigma components seem to be most effective in improving suicide prevention. Besides interventions targeting negative attitudes and discriminating behaviours of the general public, programmes to support persons with mental illness in coping with perceived and experienced stigma could improve suicide prevention. Future studies should test the short- and long-term effects of such interventions on suicidality and further investigate the role of stigma coping (e.g. secrecy) and emotional consequences (e.g. hopelessness and loneliness) for the association between stigma components and suicidality.
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Anna Mähönen, Tuuli, and Inga Jasinskaja-Lahti. "Anticipated and Perceived Intergroup Relations as Predictors of Immigrants’ Identification Patterns." European Psychologist 17, no. 2 (January 2012): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000114.

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The present study among Ingrian-Finnish remigrants (N = 153) from Russia to Finland examined the effects of anticipated discrimination in the pre-migration stage on the way intergroup relations are perceived and multiple cultural identities are formed in the post-migration stage. First, the results indicated that anticipated discrimination in the pre-migration stage affected perceived discrimination, permeability of group boundaries, and group status legitimacy in the post-migration stage. Second, anticipated discrimination in the pre-migration stage was not directly associated with any of the identities in the post-migration stage, but it was indirectly associated with national identification, via perceived discrimination and permeability of group boundaries. Perceived discrimination and impermeability of group boundaries in the post-migration stage were associated with lower levels of remigrants’ national (Finnish) identification in the new homeland. Third, the perceived legitimacy of Ingrian-Finns’ low status was associated with increased Russian minority identification. The findings extend previous research on the effects of anticipated intergroup contact on actual intergroup encounters on the one hand, and on the effects of perceived discrimination, status legitimacy, and permeability of group boundaries on national and ethnic identification among immigrants, on the other.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Anticipated Discrimination"

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Shepherd, Lee. "The effect of anticipated group-based emotions on discrimination and collective action." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2011. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/15107/.

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Intergroup behaviour is often regarded as selfish, unethical and immoral. In this thesis I argue against this proposition by stating that intergroup behaviour is guided by moral principles. I propose that negative anticipated group-based emotions serve the social function of promoting moral intergroup behaviour. I argue that aversive anticipated group-based emotions (such as shame) signal the harmful consequences of a future ingroup action and that the desire to avoid these aversive consequences motivates group members to inhibit immoral intergroup behaviour. The research in this thesis investigates the role of anticipated group-based guilt and shame in promoting moral and inhibiting immoral intergroup behaviour. In Chapter 2, I found that anticipated group-based shame and ingroup-directed anger (but not guilt) positively predicted collective action against a proposed ingroup transgression. The research in Chapter 3 assessed the role of anticipated group-based emotions and ingroup identification on discrimination. I found that people with low and high (but not moderate) levels of self-investment reduced discrimination when they anticipated aversive group-based emotions. In Chapter 4, I found that anticipated groupbased shame only moderated discrimination when the ingroup were of high-status and the social hierarchy was stable. In the majority of the studies in this thesis I found that group members are motivated to avoid ingroup transgressions when they anticipate experiencing groupbased shame for this action. I argue that this anticipated emotion signals that undertaking an action is likely to result in a social identity threat and that the desire to maintain a positive social identity motivates group members to avoid the transgression. I conclude by stating that this anticipated emotion serves the social function of promoting moral intergroup behaviour and protecting social identity.
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Strain, Megan L. "Effects of exposure to anti-homosexual humor on individuals' tolerance of and anticipated feelings of compunction about discrimination." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/4024.

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Todd, Emerson A., A. A. Alumbarak, Sarah A. Job, B. D. Brooks, and Stacey L. Williams. "Differences in the Role of Anticipated Discrimination and Social Support in the Relationship With Depression for TGNC and Non-TGNC Sexual Minorities." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8042.

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Todd, Emerson A., Sarah A. MA Job, and Stacey L. PhD Williams. "Differences in the role of Anticipated Discrimination and Social Support in the Relationship with Depression for TGNC and non-TNGC sexual minorities." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/82.

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Gender minorities and sexual minorities have been historically under researched in the field of psychology. This becomes more so the case when looking at the intersections of those who identify as both gender and sexual minorities. Prior research has indicated that minority stress models have been shown to be linked to disparities in mental health between sexual minorities and non-sexual minorities. This has also been shown to be true between gender minorities and cis gender individuals. Little research has ever been done to establish this model on those who fall within both minority groups and how these models may differ. The present study attempts to look at this intersection by comparing a mental health and minority stress model – comprised of anticipated discrimination, social support, and depression – for those identifying as a gender and sexual minority to those who identify as purely sexual minorities. In order to do this, participants (N = 315) were recruited from social media and were given a series of surveys. All participants identified as sexual minorities and 53% (n = 167) identified as Transgender or Gender Non-Conforming (TGNC). The cross-sectional, online quantitative study featured a battery of surveys that measured anticipated discrimination in both major and every day events, LGBT community connectedness, depression, and anxiety. A mediated moderated model and a series of t tests were performed to analyze the differences between sexual and gender minorities versus sexual minorities only. Results indicated that TGNC individuals had significantly higher levels of anticipated discrimination (M = 3.56, SD = .86 compared to M = 3.30, SD = .92), lower levels of social support (M = 4.66, SD = 1.26 compared to M = 5.20, SD = 1.24), and higher levels of depression (M = 31.81, SD = 12.97 compared to M = 25.32, SD = 12.80). Further, anticipated discrimination and fewer support resources explain the increase in depression for TGNC individuals (bootstrapped indirect effects = -.4111 SE = .1720 95%CI = -.8675, -.1634). Overall TGNC individuals showed to have worse experiences and outcomes than their gender conforming, cisgender peers. These results may suggest that future counselling methods for TGNC individuals could benefit by focusing on fostering social support through methods such as interpersonal psychotherapy.
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Oceláková, Zuzana. "Mluvená komunikace v kontextu: Začlenění jazyka jakožto diskriminativního kódu do enaktivní kognice." Master's thesis, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-436675.

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Spoken communication is only one of many types of human interaction with the environment. The aim of this thesis is to propose a theory of spoken communication based on basic principles of cognition, which govern all our behaviour. To this end, two established theoretical positions are integrated: 1) the skilled intentionality framework (an enactive view of cognition) and 2) a discriminative approach to human communication. According to the resulting theory, communication is a skilful shaping of an interlocutor's envi- ronment which serves to fulfil the agent's positively biased expectations about her own situation. Language is presented as an assemblage of sociomaterial regularities that make this skilful behaviour possible. The suggested perspec- tive is radically action-oriented, in contrast with traditional representational, content-based approaches. The proposed view is then applied to two specific phenomena widely studied within speech sciences (namely categoricality of speech and turn taking) and is confronted with selected empirical findings. Possibilities of empirical testing of the suggested theory are discussed.
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Books on the topic "Anticipated Discrimination"

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Compston, Alastair. Development, degeneration, and regeneration of the central nervous system. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198569381.003.0180.

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What does the nervous system do? Primitive organisms respond to threats by reflex withdrawal and explore their environment through goal-directed activities. They sense and respond to their internal environment in order to maintain homeostasis. From these origins emerge more sophisticated forms of discriminative sensation and the acquisition of special senses; precision in the efficiency of movement and coordination between separate elements of motor skills; and cognitive behaviours that anticipate, conceptualize, and enrich physical and social interactions with the environment.
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Bracic, Ana. Breaking the Exclusion Cycle. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190050672.001.0001.

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Social exclusion of marginalized populations is an intractable problem of global relevance. Breaking the Exclusion Cycle develops a theory of how individual behaviors contribute to its persistence, and presents a possible solution. The book introduces the “exclusion cycle,” which consists of four parts. Antiminority culture gives rise to discrimination by members of the majority. Members of the minority anticipate maltreatment and develop survival strategies. Members of the majority often disapprove of minority’s survival strategies, ethnicize them, and attribute them to the minority as such, and not the discrimination. Such attribution errors feed the existing anti-minority culture and the cycle repeats. The empirical portion of the book is centered on the social exclusion of Roma (derogatively known as “Gypsies”) in Slovenia, which the book uses to illustrate the theory and to offer evidence that the vicious cycle can be broken. Specifically, the findings in the book suggest that Roma-led, NGO-promoted dialogue and intergroup contact strategies can help reduce non-Roma discrimination against the Roma. The empirics in the book rest on original evidence collected over twelve months of fieldwork. The centerpieces are two lab-infield experiments, one involving a trust game and one involving the public goods game administered via original videogame. The experiments capture discriminatory behavior by non-Roma and survival strategies by Roma, and are supplemented by interviews, field observations, and surveys. While the empirics focus on Roma and non-Roma, the theory as well as the implications of the findings apply to other cases of marginalized populations.
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Turkheimer, Eric. The nature of nature. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198725978.003.0026.

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Chapter 26 covers how Sir Francis Galton was the first to apply the Shakespearian phrase “nature and nurture” to human individual differences. The so-called nature–nurture debate began as a question of whether differences among people could be attributed to in-born characteristics or environmental characteristics. Galton predated both scientific understanding of genetics and contemporary conceptualizations of behavior, but in the century that followed it was learned that: (1) the most general answer is, “both”, (2) genetic differences were more pervasive and powerful than had been anticipated, and (3) neither genetic nor environmental variance in behavior can be readily analyzed into specific mechanisms of behavior. The completion of the Human Genome Project at the turn of the current century focused attention on how the nature–nurture question had itself evolved: modern questions of nature and nurture are no longer about discriminating genetic and environmental sources of human differences, but are instead about seeking developmental mechanisms of behavior that encompass genetic and environmental inputs.
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Wilson, Mark. Physics Avoidance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803478.001.0001.

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“Physics avoidance” refers to the fact that we frequently cannot reason about nature in the straightforward manner we anticipate, but must seek alternate policies to address the questions we want answered in a tractable way. Within both science and everyday life, we find ourselves tacitly relying upon thought processes that reach useful answers in opaque and roundabout manners. Conceptual innovators are often puzzled by the techniques they develop, when they stumble across reasoning patterns that are easy to implement but difficult to justify. But simple techniques frequently rest upon complex foundations—a young magician learns how to execute a card guessing trick without understanding how its progressive steps squeeze in on a correct answer. As we collectively improve our inferential skills in this evolving manner, we often wander into unfamiliar explanatory landscapes in which simple words encode physical information in complex and unanticipated ways. We have learned how to reach better conclusions, but we have become baffled by our successes. At its best, philosophical reflection illuminates the natural developmental processes that generate these confusions. But a number of widely shared methodological presumptions currently operate to opposite effect—they obscure the very tactics that advance our descriptive capacities. To correct these misapprehensions, sharper diagnostic tools are wanted. The nine new essays within this collection illustrate this need for finer discriminations through a range of informative cases of historical and contemporary significance.
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Book chapters on the topic "Anticipated Discrimination"

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Tait, David S., Ellen E. Bowman, Silke Miller, Mary Dovlatyan, Connie Sanchez, and Verity J. Brown. "Escitalopram Restores Reversal Learning Impairments in Rats with Lesions of Orbital Frontal Cortex." In Language, Cognition, and Mind, 389–409. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50200-3_18.

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AbstractThe term ‘cognitive structures’ is used to describe the fact that mental models underlie thinking, reasoning and representing. Cognitive structures generally improve the efficiency of information processing by providing a situational framework within which there are parameters governing the nature and timing of information and appropriate responses can be anticipated. Unanticipated events that violate the parameters of the cognitive structure require the cognitive model to be updated, but this comes at an efficiency cost. In reversal learning a response that had been reinforced is no longer reinforced, while an alternative is now reinforced, having previously not been (A+/B− becomes A−/B+). Unanticipated changes of contingencies require that cognitive structures are updated. In this study, we examined the effect of lesions of the orbital frontal cortex (OFC) and the effects of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), escitalopram, on discrimination and reversal learning. Escitalopram was without effect in intact rats. Rats with OFC lesions had selective impairment of reversal learning, which was ameliorated by escitalopram. We conclude that reversal learning in OFC-lesioned rats is an easily administered and sensitive test that can detect effects of serotonergic modulation on cognitive structures that are involved in behavioural flexibility.
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Winter, Jenifer Sunrise. "Privacy, Algorithmic Discrimination, and the Internet of Things." In Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition, 4951–61. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2255-3.ch429.

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The Internet of Things (IoT) is a paradigm encompassing a wide range of developments that enable everyday objects to be tagged and uniquely identified over the Internet. The IoT ecosystem is comprised of networks of physical objects embedded with the ability to sense, and sometimes act upon, their environment, as well as related communication, applications, and data analytics. This chapter introduces the Internet of Things, addresses its definition and related concepts, outlines anticipated application areas, and highlights challenges for its development. Concerns about privacy, and surveillance, and unjust algorithmic discrimination are discussed.
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Winter, Jenifer Sunrise. "Privacy, Algorithmic Discrimination, and the Internet of Things." In Advanced Methodologies and Technologies in System Security, Information Privacy, and Forensics, 284–96. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7492-7.ch023.

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The internet of things (IoT) is a paradigm encompassing a wide range of developments that enable everyday objects to be tagged and uniquely identified over the internet. The IoT ecosystem is comprised of networks of physical objects embedded with the ability to sense, and sometimes act upon, their environment, as well as related communication, applications, and data analytics. This chapter introduces the internet of things, addresses its definition and related concepts, outlines anticipated application areas, and highlights challenges for its development. Concerns about privacy, surveillance, and unjust algorithmic discrimination are discussed.
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Miller, Douglas K. "Relocation Has Degraded Indian People." In Indians on the Move, 131–59. University of North Carolina Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469651385.003.0006.

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While thousands of Native American people actively sought opportunities to improve their and their families’ lives through urban relocation, many could not have anticipated the failures of an underfunded federal program and urban opportunities foreclosed by racism, discrimination, paternalism, poverty, and a dramatically shifting national economy that saw the best jobs and housing relocate from cities to suburbs and the Sunbelt. For many involved, relocation became yet another failed promise on the part of the federal government.
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Logan, Stephanie R. "The Myth of Colorblindness." In Research Anthology on Empowering Marginalized Communities and Mitigating Racism and Discrimination, 210–32. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8547-4.ch010.

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The United States is becoming a more racially, ethnically, and linguistically diverse nation. More specifically, in public schools, students of color and those of Native American ancestry are anticipated to represent the majority of the student population in the near future. In contrast to the change in student demographics, the majority of classroom teachers remain White and monolingual. The differences in racial, ethnic, and linguistic experiences of the student and teacher populations could create cultural conflicts between the two groups. In response, this endeavor is purposed to provide an instructional framework for teacher educators who are tasked with preparing culturally competent teachers for increasingly multicultural classrooms.
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Brandão, Martim. "Discrimination Issues in Usage-Based Insurance for Traditional and Autonomous Vehicles." In Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia200936.

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Vehicle insurance companies have started to offer usage-based policies which track users to estimate premiums. In this paper we argue that usage-based vehicle insurance can lead to indirect discrimination of sensitive personal characteristics of users, have a negative impact in multiple personal freedoms, and contribute to reinforcing existing socio-economic inequalities. We argue that there is an incentive for autonomous vehicles (AVs) to use similar insurance policies, and anticipate new sources of risk that may lead to indirect and structural discrimination. We conclude by analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of alternative insurance policies for AVs: no-fault compensation schemes, technical explainability and fairness, and national funds.
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Sacks, Tina K. "Introduction." In Invisible Visits, 1–16. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190840204.003.0001.

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Invisible Visits tells the story of middle class Black women whose experiences of race and gender discrimination in healthcare settings are all but overlooked in social science research. The book uses interviews and focus groups to analyze how the perception of bias and stereotyping affect healthcare for Black women who are not poor but remain socially and economically vulnerable nonetheless. The introduction argues that these women anticipate being stereotyped and often feel they have to emphasize hard won skills, like their education or careers, to push back against their physician’s biased or discriminatory views. This chapter also presents data on healthcare and health outcome disparities among Black middle class women. In so doing, it lays the groundwork for the remainder of the book.
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Ravindran, Priya, S. Jayanthi, Arun Kumar Sivaraman, Dhanalakshmi R, A. Muralidhar, and Rajiv Vincent. "Proficient Mining of Informative Gene from Microarray Gene Expression Dataset Using Machine Intelligence." In Advances in Parallel Computing. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/apc210076.

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The quick improvement of DNA microarray innovation empowers analysts to quantify the expression levels of thousands of genomic data and permits scientists effortlessly pick up and understanding the mind-boggling prediction in tumors based on genomic expression levels. The application in malignancy has been demonstrated and extraordinary achievement has been performed in both conclusion and clarification using the neurotic methodologies. In many cases, DNA microarray information about gene contains a large number of qualities and the majority of them are turned out to be uninformative and excess. In the interim, little size of tests of microarray information undermines the determination precision of factual models. In this way, choosing profoundly discriminative qualities from crude quality genetic expression can enhance the execution of genetic prediction and chopped down the cost of medicinal analysis. Pearson Correlation based Feature Selection strategy with machine learning methodologies is effective to locate a conspicuous arrangement of components which can be utilized to anticipate and idealize the blend of quality to analyze the disease. As conflicting to the customary cross approval, filter one cross approval technique is connected for the analyses. As needs be, the proposed blend between the PCBFS and Machine Learning methodology is an effective apparatus for disease grouping and can be actualized as a genuine clinical supportive system.
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Conference papers on the topic "Anticipated Discrimination"

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Maria Arnaldo Valdés, Rosa, Victor Fernando Gómez Comendador, Raquel Delgado-Aguilera, Francisco Perez Moreno, and Maria Zamarreño. "Impact of Artificial Intelligence in the Certification of Human-Centered Aviation systems." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001432.

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In recent years we have witnessed the emergence of applications based on artificial intelligence in the aviation industry. This technology is said to be promoting a new era or evolution, such as the introduction of jet engines in the 1950s and fly-by-wire in the 1980s. To maintain aviation safety standards in this transition, civil aviation authorities responsible for certifying aerospace systems must anticipate the unprecedented impact of AI on human-centric aerospace systems and answer a number of critical questions:•How to establish public trust in human- centric AI-based systems?•How to integrate the ethical dimension of human- centric AI (transparency, non-discrimination, fairness, etc.) in safety certification processes? •How to prepare for the certification of human- centric AI systems? •What standards, protocols, methods needs to be developed to ensure that human- centric AI further improves the current level of air transport safety? EASA, the European Aviation Safety Agency, has recently developed a roadmap for the certification of AI applications in aviation, which analyzes the involvement of human- centric AI in the aviation sector and identifies the objectives that must be met and the actions that must be taken to respond to the previous questions. This effort constitutes a starting point for the certification of human- centric AI in aerospace systems. It develops in particular the core notion of trustworthiness of human- centric AI in human centered systems and proposes a framework based on four human- centric AI trustworthiness building block:— trustworthiness analysis — learning assurance — explainability — safety risk mitigation The presented paper syntheses the concept of human- centric AI applications, it also discusses and revises the 4 elements of the trustworthiness of human- centric AI framework proposed by EASA, and based on this discussion anticipates the possible impacts of the introduction of human- centric AI in the different Implementation Rules (IR), Certification Specifications (CS), Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC) and guidance material (GM) in the domains covered by the EASA Basic Regulation.
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Reports on the topic "Anticipated Discrimination"

1

Lepage, Louis-Pierre, Xiaomeng Li, and Basit Zafar. Anticipated Gender Discrimination and Grade Disclosure. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30765.

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2

Hart, Tim, J. Mary Wickenden, Stephen Thompson, Gary Pienaar, Tinashe Rubaba, and Narnia Bohler-Muller. Literature Review to Support a Survey to Understand the Socio-economic, Wellbeing and Human Rights Related Experiences of People with Disabilities During Covid-19 Lockdown in South Africa. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.012.

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COVID-19 pandemic and associated national responses have had ramifications for societies around the world, including South Africa. The marginalisation of people with disabilities is well documented in pre-COVID times, and emerging evidence suggests that the crisis has made this worse, as well as presenting new challenges for people with disabilities. This paper presents a review of published research and grey literature of relevance to the proven or anticipated socio-economic, wellbeing and human right related impacts of COVID-19 on people with disabilities in South Africa and other contexts. Its purpose is to summarise evidence to inform a study on the experiences of South Africans with disabilities during the COVID-19 pandemic and the development of an improved inclusive framework for future management of such crises in South Africa. After a brief introduction, the paper is structured around four main sections. Context is provided by considering COVID-19 and disability both globally and in Africa. Then the literature focused on Humanitarian Disaster Risk Reduction and disability inclusion is discussed. Finally the South African policy and legislation environment on disability and humanitarian action is explored. The review finds that globally there is a limited but growing body of work on COVID-19 and disability. There is a particular dearth of evidence focusing specifically on Africa. The evidence that does exist tends either to be focused on a few particular countries or form part of large global surveys. Much of the global level grey literature published early in the pandemic and subsequently anticipates exacerbated negative experiences for people with disabilities, including exclusion from services, stigma and discrimination and lack of inclusive approaches to relief and support by governments and others. Advisory materials, sometimes focussed on specific subgroups, are generally in agreement about calling for a universally inclusive and disability aware approach to pandemic mitigation across settings and sectors. The limited primary research on COVID-19 and disability is mostly focussed on high income settings and or populations with particular health concerns.
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