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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Antibiotic policy

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Academic literature on the topic 'Antibiotic policy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 19 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Antibiotic policy"

1

Gyssens, Inge C. "Antibiotic policy." International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 38 (December 2011): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2011.09.002.

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Hoiby, N. "Ecological antibiotic policy." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 46, no. 90001 (August 1, 2000): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/46.suppl_1.59.

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Adamu, Abdu A., Muktar A. Gadanya, Rabiu I. Jalo, Olalekan A. Uthman, and Charles S. Wiysonge. "Factors influencing non-prescription sales of antibiotics among patent and proprietary medicine vendors in Kano, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study." Health Policy and Planning 35, no. 7 (June 12, 2020): 819–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czaa052.

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Abstract Patent and proprietary medicine vendors (PPMVs) increase access to antibiotics through non-prescription sales in their drug retail outlets. This fosters irrational antibiotic use among people, thus contributing to the growing burden of resistance. Although training programmes on antibiotic use and resistance exist, they have disproportionately targeted health workers in hospital settings. It’s unclear if there is a relationship between such trainings and non-prescription sales of antibiotics among PPMVs which are more embedded in communities. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was conducted to elicit the determinants of non-prescription antibiotic sales among PPMVs in Kano metropolis, Nigeria. Through brainstorming, causal loop diagrams (CLDs) were used to illustrate the dynamics of factors that are responsible for non-prescription antibiotic sales. Multilevel logistic regression model was used to determine the relationship between training on antibiotic use and resistance and non-prescription antibiotic sales, after controlling for potential confounders. We found that two-third (66.70%) of the PPMVs reported that they have sold non-prescribed antibiotics. A total of three CLDs were constructed to illustrate the complex dynamics of the factors that are related to non-prescription antibiotic sales. After controlling for all factors, PPMVs who reported that they had never received any training on antibiotic use and resistance were twice as more likely to sell antibiotic without prescription compared with those who reported that they have ever received such training (OR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.27–3.37). This finding suggests that there is an association between training on antibiotic use and resistance and non-prescription sales of antibiotics. However, the complex dynamics of the factors should not be ignored as it can have implications for the development of intervention programmes. Multifaceted and multicomponent intervention packages (incorporating trainings on antibiotic use and resistance) that account for the inherent complexity within the system are likely to be more effective for this setting.

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Meenal, Kulkarni. "Compliance of antibiotic prescriptions to the antibiotic policy in surgical cases at an Indian tertiary care hospital." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 13, no. 36 (September 26, 2020): 3772–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v13i36.1340.

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Background/ Objectives: The use of antibiotics in all kinds of medical treatments has increased tremendously in the past few years. Many tertiary care hospitals have developed guidelines and protocols on antibiotic usage but are unable to achieve targeted compliance and the desired outcome. This study aims to assess the status of antibiotic prescription and compliance with the hospital antibiotic policy during surgical cases. Methods: A retrospective study was carried out for a period of 2 months by passive file auditing of the patients’ record. Findings: The results obtained show 84.8 % compliance with respect to the choice of antibiotic, 90.4 % to indication, and prophylactic antibiotic was given in only 51.2 % amongst the 122 surgical cases. With respect to the time within which antibiotics were given it was found that in 10.4 % it was given more than 2 hours of surgery being started, in 26.4 % it was given in less than one hour and for the remaining 63.2 % that data was not recorded properly. The mean duration of administering the antibiotic was 6.29 hours with SD of 5.20 hours with a median of 4 hours. Novelty: The study highlights the lacunae and flaws amounting to the non-compliance to the antibiotic policy in surgical cases and suggests that most of the tertiary care hospitals too need an implementable policy than a perfect policy. Keywords: Antibiotic; assessment; compliance; prescription; surgical cases

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Wiley, Kenneth C., and Hendel J. Villamizar. "Antibiotic Resistance Policy and the Stewardship Role of the Nurse." Policy, Politics, & Nursing Practice 20, no. 1 (December 12, 2018): 8–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527154418819251.

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Government policy, at all levels, should reflect current scientific evidence to curb the spread of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) and to promote healthier lives for citizens and the global community. The World Health Organization estimates that approximately 63,000 Americans die annually of infections from MDROs. Annual spending in the United States used to combat MDRO infections surpassed $35 billion in 2015. This article is a review of U.S. policy regarding MDROs and focuses on several means with which nurses can implement antibiotic stewardship within their practices to stall the creation and global spread of antibiotic-resistant organisms. Nurses are vital to successfully implementing methods of antibiotic stewardship as they are at the center of multidisciplinary health care teams and have the greatest direct patient contact of all members within the team. Methods of antibiotic stewardship include limiting the use of antibiotics within animal husbandry industries, promotion of health care policy in line with antibiotic stewardship standards, and adopting more stringent clinical prescribing practices of antibiotics used in human therapies. Application of these improvements to U.S. federal, state, and local facility policies is in line with current scientific evidence and will provide a framework for cohesive partnerships with nations and institutions abroad that also struggle with the spread of MDROs in their own communities.

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Kraemer, Susanne A., Arthi Ramachandran, and Gabriel G. Perron. "Antibiotic Pollution in the Environment: From Microbial Ecology to Public Policy." Microorganisms 7, no. 6 (June 22, 2019): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms7060180.

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The ability to fight bacterial infections with antibiotics has been a longstanding cornerstone of modern medicine. However, wide-spread overuse and misuse of antibiotics has led to unintended consequences, which in turn require large-scale changes of policy for mitigation. In this review, we address two broad classes of corollaries of antibiotics overuse and misuse. Firstly, we discuss the spread of antibiotic resistance from hotspots of resistance evolution to the environment, with special concerns given to potential vectors of resistance transmission. Secondly, we outline the effects of antibiotic pollution independent of resistance evolution on natural microbial populations, as well as invertebrates and vertebrates. We close with an overview of current regional policies tasked with curbing the effects of antibiotics pollution and outline areas in which such policies are still under development.

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Antony, Anatte, Seema P. Mohamedali, and Anuradha M. "A cross sectional study to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of rational antibiotic prescription among resident doctors." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 8, no. 4 (March 23, 2019): 704. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20191104.

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Background: Irrational prescription is a major contributor to the antimicrobial resistance. Resident doctors are the major focus of interventional programs aimed at rational prescription of antibiotics. So, their knowledge, attitude and practice regarding rational antibiotic prescription need to be assessed to plan future strategies.Methods: A questionnaire based cross sectional study among interns and resident doctors of a Government Medical College was conducted. Questionnaire consisted of questions to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of resident doctors in rational antibiotic prescriptions and multiple-choice questions to assess practice of hospital antibiotic policy.Results: 80 participants were enrolled in the study. All participants responded to yes or no questions and 47 answered multiple choice questions. 40% were aware of the current hospital antibiotic policy and 29% knew the term antibiotic stewardship. Only 15% were confident in their knowledge on antimicrobial resistance. 87.5% think there is no use in prescribing an antibiotic in common cold. 36.3% overprescribes antibiotics in their daily practice. Only 32.5% practiced de-escalation. 90% were educating patients regarding correct use of antibiotics. 90% send samples for culture and sensitivity but only 22.2% waited for results to start antibiotics.Conclusions: There is a need for approaches that includes implementation of antibiotic policy and to plan for effective teaching programs regarding antibiotic resistance and importance of rational prescription of antibiotics which can improve the quality of antibiotic prescription and minimize antibiotic resistance.

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Kale-Pradhan, Pramodini, Martin Manuel, and Leonard B. Johnson. "49. Clinical Utility of Oseltamivir Restriction Policy." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.094.

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Abstract Background Inappropriate use of oseltamivir and antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infections may increase risk of microbial resistance. Restriction policies have been used to curtail inappropriate use of oseltamivir and antimicrobials in suspected or confirmed influenza patients. We assessed the impact of Infectious Diseases (ID) consult on the management of oseltamivir and concomitant antibiotics. Methods A single-center, retrospective study of patients ≥ 17 years, admitted for greater than 24 hours who received oseltamivir from October 1, 2018 to May 1, 2019 were evaluated. Demographics, Charlson Weighted Index of Comorbidity (CWIC), length of hospital stay (LOS), discharge disposition, rapid flu test, respiratory viral panel, sputum and blood cultures, antibiotic regimen and duration were collected. Continuous variables were analyzed using Students t-test and categorical variables with Chi square test. Results 298 patients were screened and 182 patients met the inclusion criteria. Please see table below for results. Oseltamivir was appropriately continued in 92.9% in the ID consult group compared to 89.3% in the non-ID consult group (p = 0.51). Antibiotic interventions were appropriate in 63.2% of the ID consult group compared to 40% in non-ID group (p = 0.36). Results Summary Conclusion Oseltamivir interventions were appropriate and similar in between groups. Further, there was higher percentage of appropriate antibiotic interventions in the ID physician group. Duration of antibiotics was longer in the ID physicians consulted group which may be due to higher severity of illness in the group. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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McCubbin, Kayley D., John W. Ramatowski, Esther Buregyeya, Eleanor Hutchinson, Harparkash Kaur, Anthony K. Mbonye, Ana L. P. Mateus, and Sian E. Clarke. "Unsafe “crossover-use” of chloramphenicol in Uganda: importance of a One Health approach in antimicrobial resistance policy and regulatory action." Journal of Antibiotics 74, no. 6 (March 19, 2021): 417–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41429-021-00416-3.

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AbstractSince the introduction of antibiotics into mainstream health care, resistance to these drugs has become a widespread issue that continues to increase worldwide. Policy decisions to mitigate the development of antimicrobial resistance are hampered by the current lack of surveillance data on antibiotic product availability and use in low-income countries. This study collected data on the antibiotics stocked in human (42) and veterinary (21) drug shops in five sub-counties in Luwero district of Uganda. Focus group discussions with drug shop vendors were also employed to explore antibiotic use practices in the community. Focus group participants reported that farmers used human-intended antibiotics for their livestock, and community members obtain animal-intended antibiotics for their own personal human use. Specifically, chloramphenicol products licensed for human use were being administered to Ugandan poultry. Human consumption of chloramphenicol residues through local animal products represents a serious public health concern. By limiting the health sector scope of antimicrobial resistance research to either human or animal antibiotic use, results can falsely inform policy and intervention strategies. Therefore, a One Health approach is required to understand the wider impact of community antibiotic use and improve overall effectiveness of intervention policy and regulatory action.

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Banerjee, Tuhina, Shampa Anupurba, and Dinesh K. Singh. "Poor compliance with the antibiotic policy in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary care hospital in India." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 7, no. 12 (December 15, 2013): 994–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.3077.

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Introduction: Most developing countries are adopting antibiotic policies to contain the acute problem of drug resistance; however, several obstacles prevent their fulfillment. This study was undertaken to prospectively determine the compliance with the antibiotic policy in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary care hospital and possible reasons for non-compliance. Methodology: Compliance with the newly introduced antibiotic policy was studied for a period of six months. A total of 170 cases from the ICU were included. Relevant information regarding patient characteristics, treatment details, infection control, and antibiotic prescribing practices in the ICU with reference to the antibiotic policy was collected. Reasons for non-compliance were studied. Results: The rate of compliance with the antibiotic policy was 21.18%. Heavy use of antibiotics prior to the time of admission in the ICU was the major cause of non-compliance. Microbiological investigation had been sent in only 51.17% of the cases and change in treatment protocol based on culture report was done in 53.3%. The rate of use of third-generation cephalosporins was 76.78%. Conclusions: We found non-compliance with the antibiotic policy in the ICU mainly due to improper and inappropriate antibiotic usage in other indoor units of the hospital. In our case, a policy covering the entire hospital is required to meet the goals of antibiotic usage restriction. An effective surveillance, review, and evaluation process should be an integral part of the policy, even in developing countries, to measure the effects of such policies.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Antibiotic policy"

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Hind, Caroline Anna. "Antibiotic use and the effect of prescribing guidelines in care of the elderly." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388296.

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Mohrs, Simone. "Factors influencing the use of antibiotics and knowledge about antibiotic resistance in Jakarta : A qualitative study on the perceptions of stakeholders involved in Yayasan Orangtua Peduli’s Smart Use of Antibiotics campaign in Indonesia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Internationell mödra- och barnhälsovård (IMCH), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-303379.

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Introduction: Southeast Asia has among the highest rates of antibiotic resistance worldwide, particularly in Indonesia, where paediatricians prescribed antibiotics to 94% of children, knowing that the infection was viral. Relevance: There is a gap in understanding of the reasons behind the irrational use of antibiotics by healthcare professionals and patients. Aim: This research aims to explore factors that influence the use of antibiotics and knowledge about antibiotic resistance in Jakarta, Indonesia. Methods: In December 2014, the researcher conducted thirteen semi-structured interviews with four stakeholder groups, which are involved in the “Smart Use of Antibiotics” campaign in Jakarta. Qualitative Content Analysis was used to identify the theme “unite our voice to address antibiotic resistance from all angles” as well as the five categories: Education, Media, Policy, Culture and Trust. Results: Each category presented one factor, which was divided into the sub-factors education of patients and professionals; online and offline media; policy and guidelines, drug availability and accessibility and stakeholder involvement; habit and behaviour, doctor-patient relationship, environment / surroundings; and trust in the system, in the healthcare professionals, among professionals and in medicine. Conclusion: All stakeholders need to unite their voices together to achieve a smarter use of antibiotics and increase the knowledge about antibiotic resistance.

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Lo, Chiu-sing, and 勞超成. "Territory-wide Antibiotic Stewardship Programme and its effectiveness in public hospitals in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39724505.

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Khatib, Rana Amin. "A review of antibiotic use and policy development before and during the Palestinian uprising 'Intifada' in the Ramallah District." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289097.

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Rosa, Regis Goulart. "Impacto da aderência ao programa de controle de antimicrobianos na mortalidade de pacientes com neutropenia febril." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/53148.

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Terapia empírica com antimicrobiano de amplo espectro faz parte do manejo inicial padrão de pacientes com neutropenia febril (NF). Evidências suficientes de quais esquemas antibióticos devem ser inicialmente prescritos já existem; embora, nenhum estudo randomizado tenha avaliado se a aderência a programas de controle de antimicrobianos (PCAs) resulta em diminuição das taxas de mortalidade por esta síndrome. No presente estudo de coorte prospectivo, realizado em um hospital terciário no período de outubro de 2009 a agosto de 2011, avaliou-se o impacto da aderência ao PCA, aferida através da prescrição antimicrobiana inicial, na mortalidade em 295 episódios de NF (em 145 indivíduos adultos) que necessitaram de tratamento endovenoso hospitalar. Após análise multivariada através de regressão de Cox, incluindo outros preditores de mortalidade, a aderência ao PCA mostrou-se fator de proteção independente para morte 28 dias após início do episódio de NF (razão de hazard ajustada[HR], 0.29; intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC 95%], 0.11 a 0.72). Os fatores de risco encontrados para a não-aderência ao PCA foram presença de hipotensão (risco relativo ajustado[RR], 1.90; IC 95%, 1.37 a 2.63), diarreia (RR, 2.13; IC 95%, 1.66 a 2.73), dor perianal (RR, 2.08; IC 95%, 1.54 a 2.82), suspeita de foco infeccioso em cavidade oral (RR, 2.45; IC 95%, 1.75 a 3.43) e manifestações cutâneas de infecção (RR, 2.34; IC 95%, 1.81 a 3.04). A escolha antimicrobiana inicial é particularmente importante no manejo inicial do paciente com febre em vigência de neutropenia; a aderência ao PCA, que preconiza o uso racional de antibióticos, mostrou ser efetiva na redução de mortalidade durante o curso da doença. A presença de fatores modificadores da terapia inicial representa risco para não-adesão ao programa de controle de antimicrobianos.
Empirical therapy with broad-spectrum antimicrobial is part of the initial management of patients with febrile neutropenia (FN). Enough evidence on which antibiotics schemes should be initially prescribed already exists; however, no randomized study has evaluated whether adherence to antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) results in lower rates of mortality from this syndrome. In the present prospective cohort study performed in a tertiary hospital, from October 2009 to August 2011, we evaluated the impact of adherence to ASP, measured by initial antimicrobial prescribing, in mortality of 295 episodes of FN (in 145 adults) that required intravenous inpatient treatment. After multivariate analysis through Cox regression, including other predictors of mortality, adherence to ASP proved to be an independent protective factor for death 28 days after the beginning of the episode of FN (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.29; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.11 to 0.72). The risk factors found to noncompliance to ASP were presence of hypotension (adjusted relative risk [RR], 1.90; 95% CI, 1.37 to 2.63), diarrhea (RR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.66 to 2.73), perianal pain (RR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.54 to 2.82), suspected source of infection in oral cavity (RR, 2.45; 95% CI 1.75 to 3.43) and cutaneous manifestations of infection (RR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.81 to 3.04). The choice of antimicrobial is particularly important in the initial management of patients with fever in the presence of neutropenia; the adherence to ASP, which calls for rational use of antibiotics, was effective in reducing mortality during the course of the disease. The presence of signs or symptoms that demand changes in the initial therapy poses risks to nonadherence to the antimicrobial management program.

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Bevilacqua, Sibylle. "Evaluation de l'impact d'une équipe opérationnelle en infectiologie sur la consommation et le coût des antibiotiques au CHU de Nancy : essai d'intervention contrôlé." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10076/document.

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L'usage excessif et inapproprié des antibiotiques a été décrit dans le monde entier depuis 25ans, tant en ville qu'à l'hôpital. En plus des effets délétères sur les patients l'utilisation abusive des antibiotiques contribue à l'émergence de résistances bactériennes et à l'augmentation des dépenses hospitalières. Dans les années 1990 plusieurs organisations du monde de la santé ont publié des plans et des recommandations visant à contrôler les consommations en antibiotiques afin de limiter la pression de sélection sur les bactéries et d'en diminuer les coûts. Au CHU de Nancy une politique de bon usage des antibiotiques a été instaurée au milieu des années 1990 puis renforcée en 2006, avec une réorganisation complète du mode prescription et de la délivrance des antibiotiques dans tout l'établissement. Une équipe opérationnelle en infectiologie (EOI) composée d'un infectiologue et d'un pharmacien est intervenue dans une partie des services afin d'améliorer la qualité des prescriptions. Pour évaluer l'impact de l'intervention de l'EOI sur les consommations antibiotique et les coûts qui en découlent, une étude contrôlée en cluster avant/après a été réalisée .Nous avons comparé les consommations globale et par classes antibiotiques ainsi que les coûts « avant » et « après » dans 2 groupes (contrôle et intervention).Les résultats ont montré qu'après l'intervention de l'EIO les consommations globales avaient diminué de 34% dans le groupe intervention et de 3% dans le groupe contrôle ( P=0,003). Pour une même activité, la réduction du coût était 14 fois plus élevée dans le groupe intervention. Nous pouvons donc avancer que l'intervention d'une EOI constitue un moyen efficace pour réduire la consommation hospitalière en antibiotiques et les coûts qui en découlent
Overuse and inappropriate use of antibiotics has been described worldwide for about 25 years, in both community and hospital settings. In addition to its deleterious effect on patients, antibiotic misuse can lead to the emergence of bacterial resistance and increased the cost of hospitalization. Indeed, during the 1990s several organizations published plans to control the costs of antibiotics and limit selective pressure on microorganisms through surveillance and interventions promoting rational use. An antimicrobial policy has been implemented at the University Hospitals of Nancy since the mid-1990s. This antibiotic policy was therefore reinforced the beginning of 2006, changes included complete reorganization of the methods of prescribing and delivering antibiotics in all wards of the University hospitals of Nancy. In addition, an Operational Multidisciplinary Antibiotic Team (OMAT) including an infectious disease physician and a clinical pharmacist was established in some wards. To evaluate the effectiveness of this OMAT, in reducing the hospital antimicrobial consumption and costs a cluster controlled "before-after" study was performed. We compared consumption of antibiotics overall and by therapeutic class and cost savings between "before" and "after" in both groups (control and intervention). The results of this study have shown that overall consumption of antibiotics decreased after implementation of the OMAT by 34% in the intervention group and by 3% in the control group (p = 0.003). For the same activity, the total cost savings were 14-fold higher in the intervention group. Establishment of an operational multidisciplinary team may be an effective way to reduce hospital antibiotic use and cost

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Amadeo, Brice. "Consommation des Antibiotiques dans les Etablissements de Santé : description, Critères d’Ajustement et Relation avec la Politique de Bon Usage des Antibiotiques." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR21742/document.

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La maitrise de la résistance bactérienne et l’utilisation prudente des antibiotiques à l’hôpital constituent des enjeux majeurs pour les autorités de santé dans tous les pays européens. Toutefois, les connaissances en matière de consommation des antibiotiques et de politique de bon usage des antibiotiques dans les établissements sont limitées. Dans ce contexte, le travail de cette thèse permet de donner une meilleure vision de la consommation des antibiotiques dans les pays européens à partir des données de surveillance disponibles. Il apporte également des cibles d’amélioration de la prescription des antibiotiques et identifie plusieurs indicateurs de qualité pour mener à bien une politique de bon usage des antibiotiques. De plus, ce travail utilise le modèle des hôpitaux français pour identifier des critères d’ajustement de la consommation des antibiotiques facilement disponibles qui sont essentiels à mettre en œuvre pour établir des comparaisons entre les différents hôpitaux. Il s’intéresse également à la relation entre la politique de bon usage des antibiotiques dans les hôpitaux et une moindre consommation des antibiotiques. En conclusion, les données de surveillance de la consommation des antibiotiques ont donc permis de répondre à plusieurs hypothèses de recherche et de dégager de nouveaux axes de réflexions
The control of bacterial resistance and the prudent use of antibiotics in hospitals are major challenges for health authorities in all European countries. However, little is known regarding antibiotic consumption and antibiotic policies in hospitals. In this context, this thesis provides insight into the antibiotic consumption using available survey databases. It also identifies targets for quality improvement and several quality indicators which are essencial to carry out a prudent use antibiotic policy. Moreover, the model of French hospitals was used to explore easily available adjustment criteria for the antibiotic consumption which are crucial to implement comparisons between different types of hospitals. This work brings light onto the relationship between the antibiotic policy and a low level of antibiotic use in French hospitals. In conclusion, survey databases have enabled us to answer several research assumptions and to generate new horizons of reflection

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Thomas, Claudia. "The epidemiology and control of Clostridium difficile infection in a Western Australian hospital." University of Western Australia. School of Population Health, 2003. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2004.0011.

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[Truncated abstract] The prinicipal aim of this thesis was to explore the relationship between 3rd generation cephalosporin antibiotics and hospital-acquired Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea (CDAD). This antibiotic class has been implicated in the aetiology of CDAD; therefore restriction of these antibiotics via antibiotic policies represents a potential strategy for prevention and control of CDAD. Successful control of CDAD in hospitals translates to improved quality of care for patients, and a reduction of pressure on hospital resources. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to determine whether 3rd generation cephalosporins were related to CDAD, to evaluate the effect of changes to antibiotic policy on the incidence of CDAD, and to determine the impact of CDAD on patient length of stay and hospital costs. The study was conducted in Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (SCGH), a public teaching hospital located in Perth, the capital city of the state of Western Australia. Evidence for an association between 3rd generation cephalosporins and CDAD was obtained from studies of ecologic- and individual-level data. A time series analysis of the relationship between monthly consumption of 3rd generation cephalosporins and the incidence of CDAD in SCGH was undertaken covering the period 1994 to 2000. The results demonstrated a positive relationship between the use of 3rd generation cephalosporins and CDAD. A matched case-control study that involved 193 adult inpatients diagnosed with CDAD and 386 adult inpatients without CDAD, selected from the period 1996 to 2000, was conducted. Information was collected on exposure to 3rd generation cephalosporin antibiotics during hospitalisation, as well as exposure to other antibiotics and medications, procedures, and comorbidities. Results from conditional logistic regression analyses found CDAD cases were six times more likely to be exposed to 3rd generation cephalosporins during their admission, prior to the onset of diarrhoea, than controls (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 6.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.56-24.37). Approximately one third of CDAD in the study population could be attributed to 3rd generation cephalosporins. CDAD cases were also four times more likely to have been exposed to either amoxicillin-clavulanate or ticarcillin-clavulanate (adjusted OR=4.23, 95% CI=1.81-9.93). In October 1998, an antibiotic policy was introduced at SCGH that restricted the use of ceftriaxone, the 3rd generation cephalosporin most commonly used by the hospital. During 1999 and 2000, the incidence of CDAD halved as ceftriaxone consumption fell in response to this policy. The effect of this policy was demonstrated in the time series model; during the post-policy period the relationship between ceftriaxone and CDAD that was evident prior to the policy was cancelled out. From the individual-level data, obtained from the case-control study, a reduction in the prevalence of exposure to 3rd generation cephalosporins from 11% to 1% accounted for a 30% reduction in the incidence of CDAD. Data from the case-control study was also used to analyse the independent contribution of CDAD to length of stay and admission costs using multiple linear regression

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Phornprapha, Warinyupa. "Shrimp Farming in Thailand: A pathway to Sustainability." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2020. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/208.

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Throughout this thesis I have laid out several factors that have contributed to the sustainability of shrimp farming in Thailand, and if sustainability whilst maintaining production can ever be achieved. To find out the current situation of shrimp farming in Thailand, the history of global and Thai shrimp farming is described. The social and environmental problems of the unsustainable history of shrimp farming in Thailand is then considered. Solutions to these effects conclude that it is up to the consumer to demand for better regulations from the government and the shrimp companies to ensure a sustainable future for shrimp farming both globally and in Thailand.

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ŠEVČÍKOVÁ, Tereza. "Informovanost veřejnosti o rezistenci mikroorganismů k antibiotikům." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-376588.

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This diploma thesis deals with resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics and public awareness of this topic. The aim of the thesis was to find out what the public awareness of the given topic is and what knowledge the public has about the possibilities of prevention of creation and spreading of resistant microorganisms. Three main hypotheses have been set: Hypothesis 1: The public has no deeper knowledge of antibiotic treatment. Hypothesis 2: The public will in most cases get information on antibiotic treatment from a doctor. Hypothesis 3: Most people are unaware that they can contribute by rational use of antibiotics to prevent antibiotic resistance. In order to achieve the stated goals of the diploma thesis, a quantitative method of research was used. Data collection was conducted through anonymous questionnaire survey of the public population using the Click4Survey.cz web server and distribution of paper questionnaires in FN Plzeň. Results of the questionnaire survey were evaluated based on statistical data processing in Microsoft Office Excel 2007, and a Chi-squared test of independence in the pivot table and a relative frequency test were used to verify the hypotheses. Based on the evaluation of the results, it was found that among the groups of respondents, depending on whether they filled in a questionnaire on the Internet or a printed questionnaire at the hospital, there are fundamental statistical differences in knowledge and awareness of the problem. That is why it was necessary to further evaluate these two groups separately. Antibiotic resistance nowadays is a very important medical issue. The main cause is inconsistent use or overuse of antibiotics in both human and veterinary medicine, as well as insufficient awareness of the extent of the problem and the consequences of antibiotic resistance. For this reason, I have chosen this issue as a topic for my diploma thesis to highlight the risks of antibiotic resistance and to provide information primarily to the general public.

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Books on the topic "Antibiotic policy"

1

Anup, Malani, ed. Extending the cure: Policy responses to the growing threat of antibiotic resistance. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future, 2007.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight. Antibiotic resistance: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight of the Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, Ninety-eighth Congress, second session, December 18, 19, 1984. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1985.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology. Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight. Antibiotic resistance: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight of the Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, Ninety-eighth Congress, second session, December 18, 19, 1984. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1985.

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Oversight, United States Congress House Committee on Science and Technology Subcommittee on Investigations and. Antibiotic resistance: Hearings before the Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight of the Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, Ninety-eighth Congress, second session, December 18, 19, 1984. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1985.

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World Health Organization. Regional Office for South-East Asia. Step-by-step approach for development and implementation of hospital antibiotic policy and standard treatment guidelines. New Delhi: World Health Organization, Regional Office for South-East Asia, 2011.

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Tackling antibiotic resistance from a food safety perspective in Europe. Copenhagen: World Health Organization, 2011.

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Nesbitt, Elizabeth R. Antibiotics. Washington, DC: Office of Industries, U.S. International Trade Commission, 1994.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Health. FDA user fees 2012: Issues related to accelerated approval, medical gas, antibiotic development, and downstream pharmaceutical supply chain : hearing before the Subcommittee on Health of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, second session, March 8, 2012. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2013.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Health. Promoting the development of antibiotics and ensuring judicious use in humans: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Health of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, second session, June 9, 2010. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2012.

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H.R. 1549: Preservation of Antibiotics for Medical Treatment Act (PAMTA) : hearing before the Committee on Rules, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Eleventh Congress, first session, Monday, July 13, 2009. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Antibiotic policy"

1

Čižman, Milan, and Bojana Beović. "Antibiotic Policy—Slovenian Experiences." In Antibiotic Policies, 251–60. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-22852-7_14.

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Littmann, Jasper, Annette Rid, and Alena Buyx. "Tackling Anti-microbial Resistance: An Ethical Framework for Rational Antibiotic Use." In Ethics and Drug Resistance: Collective Responsibility for Global Public Health, 321–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27874-8_20.

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Abstract To reduce the effect of antimicrobial resistance and preserve antibiotic effectiveness, clinical practice guidelines and health policy documents call for the “rational use” of antibiotics that aims to avoid unnecessary or minimally effective antibiotic prescriptions. In this paper, we show that rational use programmes can lead to ethical conflicts because they place some patients at risk of harm – for example, a delayed switch to second-line antibiotics for community-acquired pneumonia is associated with increased fatality rates. Implementing the rational use of antibiotics can therefore lead to conflicts between promoting patients’ clinical interests and preserving antibiotic effectiveness for future use. The resulting ethical dilemma for clinicians, patients and policy makers has so far not been adequately addressed. We argue that existing guidance for acceptable risks in clinical research can help to define risk thresholds for the rational use of antibiotics. We develop an ethical framework that allows clinicians and policy-makers to evaluate policies for rational antibiotic use in six practical steps.

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Lerma, F. Alvarez, and M. Palomar Martínez. "Antibiotic Policy in Critically Ill Patients." In Intensive and Critical Care Medicine, 237–49. Milano: Springer Milan, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-1436-7_20.

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Wattal, Chand, and J. K. Oberoi. "A Four-Step Approach to Antibiotic Stewardship in India: Formulation of Antibiotic Policy." In Hospital Infection Prevention, 77–78. New Delhi: Springer India, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1608-7_7.

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Santesmases, María Jesús. "Manufacturing Penicillin: Industrial Policy, Gender and the Antibiotic Factory." In The Circulation of Penicillin in Spain, 49–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69718-5_3.

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Nitsch-Osuch, A., D. Kurpas, E. Kuchar, K. Życińska, T. Zielonka, and K. Wardyn. "Antibiotic Consumption Pattern in the Neonatal Special Care Unit Before and After Implementation of the Hospital’s Antibiotic Policy." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 45–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/5584_2014_32.

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Aslam, Naveed, Sosheel S. Godfrey, Mateen Abbas, Muhammad Y. Tipu, Muhammad Ishaq, David M. McGill, Hassan M. Warriach, Muhammad Husnain, and Peter C. Wynn. "Analysing Informal Milk Supply Chains Data to Identify Seasonal Occurrences of Antibiotic Residues." In Statistics for Data Science and Policy Analysis, 129–42. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1735-8_10.

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Holm, Søren, and Thomas Ploug. "Solidarity and Antimicrobial Resistance." In Ethics and Drug Resistance: Collective Responsibility for Global Public Health, 345–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27874-8_21.

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Abstract The concept of solidarity has received increasing attention in discussions about public health interventions, both as a possible justification for such interventions and as a possible motivating factors for individual action. This chapter provides an analysis of whether thinking through a lens of solidarity is likely to be helpful in devising strategies and policies to combat antimicrobial resistance. It first provides a critical overview of recent accounts of solidarity and argues that solidarity must be understood as a group based concept. It then applies this conception of solidarity to individual use of antibiotics through a case study of the antibiotic treatment of moderate and severe acne where it is argued that solidarity based thinking is valuable within a context of shared decision-making. Issues of policy making are then discussed and it is argued that basing a policy on solidarity on the one hand constrains the methods chosen to pursue public health goals, but that on the other hand solidarity may provide a strong and durable motivation to comply with such a policy. The limits of solidarity are explored in the final section and it is concluded that 1) the concept of solidarity does have an important role to play in thinking about public health, 2) considerations of solidarity can help us shape the goals and methods of public health policies in the area of antibiotics, and 3) that it is likely that solidarity may also be helpful in thinking through other contentious issues in public health.

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Nitsch-Osuch, Aneta, E. Kuchar, K. Życińska, E. Gyrczuk, K. Miśkiewicz, and K. Korzeniewski. "Implementation of Hospital’s Antibiotic Policy Decreases Antimicrobial Use in the General Pediatric Ward." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 67–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/5584_2015_124.

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Nitsch-Osuch, Aneta, Damian Okruciński, Magdalena Dawgiałło, Izabela Gołębiak, and Ernest Kuchar. "Evaluation of the Implementation of Hospital Antibiotic Policy in Oncosurgery Ward: A Six-Year Experience." In Clinical Investigation, 21–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/5584_2017_122.

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Conference papers on the topic "Antibiotic policy"

1

Qiu, Fan, Li Meng, Hao Jin, and Jun Chen. "Effects of a Restrictive Antibiotic Policy on Antibiotic Usage and Staphylococcus Aureus Resistance." In International Conference on Electronics, Mechanics, Culture and Medicine. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emcm-15.2016.97.

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"ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE AND THE ENVIRONMENT: CURRENT SCIENCE AND POLICY CONCERNS." In Animal Agriculture and the Environment, National Center for Manure & Animal Waste Management White Papers . St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.20248.

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Shiddieq, Naufaldanny Farhan, Ari Yanuar Ridwan, and Budi Santosa. "Antibiotic Inventory Policy Design for Minimizing Total Inventory Costs in Pharmacies based on ABC-Fuzzy Classification Analysis Approach using Probabilistic Continuous Review Method." In ICONETSI: International Conference on Engineering and Information Technology for Sustainable Industry. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3429789.3429852.

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"Simulating Market-Oriented Policy Interventions for Stimulating Antibiotics Development." In 2017 Spring Simulation Multi-Conference. Society for Modeling and Simulation International (SCS), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.22360/springsim.2017.anss.008.

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Ježek, Jan, Zdeněk Pilát, Silvie Bernatova, Ota Samek, Pavel Zemanek, Ute Neugebauer, Astrid Tannert, and Johanna Kirchhoff. "Laser tweezers Raman spectroscopy of E. coli under antibiotic stress in microfluidic chips." In 21st Czech-Polish-Slovak Optical Conference on Wave and Quantum Aspects of Contemporary Optics, edited by Pavel Zemánek. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2517933.

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Goodfriend, Amy C., Tré R. Welch, Jian Wang, Kytai T. Nguyen, Romaine F. Johnson, Chet C. Xu, Surendranath R. Veeram Reddy, Alan Nugent, James Richardson, and Joseph M. Forbess. "Design of a MRI-Visible and Radiopaque Drug Delivery Coating for Bioresorbable Stents." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52146.

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Cardiovascular stents are currently being used for intraluminal stenting of the trachea for tracheomalacia treatment. These devices composed of permanent materials are controversial due to their limitations at internal reinforcement and biocompatibility, especially in pediatrics. We show in a pediatric tracheomalacia rabbit model, a poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) Double Opposed Helical bioresorbable stent (DH) elicits a more mild inflammatory response in the malacic airway compared to a control metal stent. To further improve efficacy, a multi-drug delivery, bioresorbable coating was designed. The coating design controllably delivers ciprofloxacin (antibiotic) for one week and dexamethasone (anti-inflammatory agent) for three months. The bioresorbable polymeric components also demonstrate feasible visibility utilizing Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). The local multi-drug delivery and imaging capabilities in this coating design in combination with the bioresorbable DH stent will result in a successful intervention specifically design for pediatric tracheomalacia. This design will eliminate long-term risks associated with current permanent devices and provide necessary theranostic agents to facilitate healing and monitor progress via non-invasive imaging techniques.

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