Journal articles: 'Anti-Synergies'

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Lombardi, Federica, Kalyan Golla, Darren J. Fitzpatrick, Fergal P. Casey, Niamh Moran, and Denis C. Shields. "Discovering Anti-platelet Drug Combinations with an Integrated Model of Activator-Inhibitor Relationships, Activator-Activator Synergies and Inhibitor-Inhibitor Synergies." PLOS Computational Biology 11, no. 4 (April 15, 2015): e1004119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004119.

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Wang, Heng, and Yu Min Wang. "Study on the Tribological Performance of AlN Nanoparticles Additive." Advanced Materials Research 661 (February 2013): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.661.33.

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By using Four-ball test machine, the anti-wear and extreme pressure performances of base oil that contain aluminum nitride (AlN) nanoparticles additive was investigated. The experimental results showed that nanoparticles additive can effectively improve extreme pressure and anti-wear performance of base oil, and the optimal concentration of it in the base oil is 3 wt%. AlN and T106 compatibility experiments showed that T106 can improve extreme pressure and anti-wear performance of AlN nanoparticles additive. Two additives have synergies to improve extreme pressure and anti-wear performance of base oil.

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Qi, Zhiwen, Chengzhang Wang, and Jianxin Jiang. "Synergies of urushiol and its pechmann derivative compatible with paclitaxel anti-HepG2 activity." Natural Product Research 33, no. 16 (March 7, 2018): 2426–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2018.1446013.

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Ferreira, Wivianni Karinne Chaves, Ana Patrícia Matos Pereira, Brendha Araújo de Sousa, Thaylanna Pinto de Lima, Cassiano Vasques Frota Guterres, Rodrigo De Aquino Almeida, Beatriz Jardim Rodrigues das Chagas, Victor Elias Mouchrek Filho, and Gustavo Oliveira Everton. "Chemical profile and therapeutic potential of the essential oil and nanoemulsions of Citrus x sp (Tanja Lemon)." Ciência e Natura 46 (July 29, 2024): e73722. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x73722.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical profile and therapeutic potential of the essential oil and nanoemulsions of Citrus x sp (Tanja Lemon). Hydrodistillation was used to extract the essential oil. Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS) was used for the analysis of chemical constituents. The phenolic content (CFT) was analyzed by the Folin-Ciocalteau assay, and flavonoids (CFLT) by complexation with aluminum. The nanoemulsions were formulated by the phase inversion method. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by a hydroxyl radical assay and the anti-inflammatory activity by protein denaturation, and antiarthritic activity by a cyclooxygenase inhibition assay in bovine albumin serum. By means of GC/MS, limonene was identified as the major component (70.25%). The determination of CFT and CFLT quantified 227.645 mg EAT g-1 and 86.57 mg EQ g-1. For antioxidant capacity, nanoemulsions have EC50 values of 9.10-11.28 mg L-1. In anti-inflammatory activity, synergies quantified 4.63-11.03 mg L-1. For the antiarthritic activity, it is noted that among the nine synergies formulated, some manifested excellent antiarthritic activity, with EC50 values of 1.9-1.98 mg L-1. It can be affirmed that the formulations produced from Citrus x sp presented satisfactory results, evidencing the efficacy of their properties.

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Marchese, Anna, Carla Renata Arciola, Erika Coppo, Ramona Barbieri, Davide Barreca, Salima Chebaibi, Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez, Seyed Fazel Nabavi, Seyed Mohammad Nabavi, and Maria Daglia. "The natural plant compound carvacrol as an antimicrobial and anti-biofilm agent: mechanisms, synergies and bio-inspired anti-infective materials." Biofouling 34, no. 6 (July 3, 2018): 630–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927014.2018.1480756.

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Wang, Heng. "Effect of Compatibility between AlN Nanoparticles and Borated Bis-Succinimide on Tribological Properties of Base Oil." Advanced Materials Research 952 (May 2014): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.952.29.

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The purpose of the research was to investigate effect of compatibility between AlN nanoparticles and borated bis-succinimide on tribological properties of base oil. The load-carrying capacity and anti-wear (AW) performance of base oil that contains aluminum nitride (AlN) nanoparticles or borated bis-succinimide (T152B) additive was examined; the tribological properties of the compatibility between AlN and T152B were also examined. The experimental results showed that AlN nanoparticles additive can effectively improve load-carrying capacity and anti-wear performance of base oil. AlN nanoparticles and T152B compatibility experiments showed that two additives have synergies to improve anti-wear performance of base oil. These findings indicate that AlN nanopaticles is an excellent load-carrying capacity and antiwear additive, and it can be used with T152B together in base oil.

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Ahmed, Amr. "Insulin Sensitizers as Anti-Aging Agents: Unveiling Synergies with Albumin, GLP-1RA, Klotho Protein, and Metformin in the Quest to Combat Aging." Cell & Cellular Life Sciences Journal 9, no. 1 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/cclsj-16000200.

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This study delves into the synergistic interplay among albumin, insulin, Klotho protein, and relevant medications in the pursuit of a concerted approach to halt aging. Emphasizing albumin's pivotal role in various physiological functions, including transportation and drug distribution, the research underscores its decline's correlation with aging-related cognitive implications. The intricate relationship between insulin and albumin, modulated by Foxo1, underscores its crucial significance. Groundbreaking experiments, utilizing unmodified serum albumin, demonstrate a remarkable increase in lifespan and enhanced physical capabilities, highlighting the potential of an integrative approach. The investigation extends to insulin sensitizers, Klotho protein, metformin, and SGLT2 inhibitors, collectively revealing promising anti-aging effects. The association between Klotho protein and albumin suggests a collaborative mechanism with implications for efficient transport and distribution. This research offers insights into a comprehensive, synergistic strategy harnessing the potential of these elements to counteract aging processes.

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Yu, Xianzhe, Shan He, Jian Shen, Qiushi Huang, Peng Yang, Lin Huang, Dan Pu, et al. "Tumor vessel normalization and immunotherapy in gastric cancer." Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology 14 (January 2022): 175883592211101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17588359221110176.

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Gastric cancer (GC) is a common malignant tumor, and patients with GC have a low survival rate due to limited effective treatment methods. Angiogenesis and immune evasion are two key processes in GC progression, and they act synergistically to promote tumor progression. Tumor vascular normalization has been shown to improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy, which in turn may be improved through enhanced immune stimulation. Therefore, it may be interesting to identify synergies between immunomodulatory agents and anti-angiogenic therapies in GC. This strategy aims to normalize the tumor microenvironment through the action of the anti-vascular endothelial growth factor while stimulating the immune response through immunotherapy and prolonging the survival of GC patients.

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Testoni, Ines, Lavinia Tredici, Gianmarco Biancalani, Mihaela Bucuţă, Maria Armezzani, and Hod Orkibi. "Anti-Violence Centers in Italy During the COVID-19 Emergency: Support Strategies for Women Victims of Violence." OBM Neurobiology 06, no. 04 (November 30, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21926/obm.neurobiol.2204147.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted anti-violence centers for women. This study aims to investigate how the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions affect: the assistance and protection functions of the anti-violence centers; the needs of women victims of violence; and the well-being of the professionals working with these women. Twenty-four Italian anti-violence centers were involved, and 29 women working there were interviewed. From the qualitative analysis of the texts, three main themes were identified regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the anti-violence centers service: 1) transformations and synergies to improve help-seeking, 2) consequences of the pandemic situation on women victims of violence, and 3) the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on professionals. The results show that anti-violence centers need to be restructured to respond to the changes caused by the pandemic and expand their remote support strategies. Their interventions were fundamental in enabling women to seek help during the COVID-19 pandemic. The professionals involved in providing support to victims encountered stressful difficulties specific to the pandemic.

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Tarantelli, Chiara, Lu Zhang, Elisabetta Curti, Eugenio Gaudio, Filippo Spriano, Valdemar Priebe, Luciano Cascione, et al. "The Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor zanubrutinib (BGB-3111) demonstrated synergies with other anti-lymphoma targeted agents." Haematologica 104, no. 7 (January 24, 2019): e307-e309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3324/haematol.2018.214759.

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Mellifont, Damian. "Taming the Raging Bully! A Case Study Critically Exploring Anti-bullying Measures to Support Neurodiverse Employees." South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases 9, no. 1 (November 6, 2019): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277977919881406.

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Disclosure of neurodiversity in the workplace can attract unfavourable attention. The aim of this case study is to critically investigate the collective potential of specialized and generic mental health promotion guides to help prevent or treat the bullying of neurodiverse employees. Applying qualitative thematic analysis to eight of these guides originating from Australia, Canada and England, this research offers three key messages that should be of interest to policymakers and practitioners working in the Asia-Pacific region and elsewhere. First, guides as reviewed by this study collectively support anti-bullying themes across dimensions of policy/procedures, education, legal, leadership and monitoring/support. Second, evidence sourced from scholarly and grey literature raise challenges that if overlooked might reduce the effectiveness of guide endorsed anti-bullying measures. Finally, this study raises the prospect that anti-bullying measures to assist mentally diverse staff might be more effective when potential synergies between these are recognized and encouraged.

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Setiawan, Iwan, Dwi Saryanti, Hazrina ., and Miftakhul Sholikhah. "Characterization and Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory Melinjo Seed Extract Nanoparticles." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY 14, no. 02 (June 24, 2024): 732–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.14.2.21.

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Melinjo seed extract is rich in various active compounds, including trans-resveratrol, commonly known as “melinjo resveratrol,” with antioxidant and antimicrobial pharmacological functions. However, a comprehensive exploration of the anti-inflammatory potential of melinjo seed extract has not been conducted. Converting melinjo seed extract into nanoparticles offers distinct advantages, including the ability to permeate intercellular spaces and higher cell walls through diffusion or opsonification. This flexibility allows for synergies with various technologies, presenting extensive potential for diverse applications and targets. Therefore, this experimental research aimed to obtain an extract from melinjo seed through an extraction process and apply it in nanoparticle dosage forms. Characterization was performed by evaluating the particle size, zeta potential, surface morphology, and anti-inflammatory activity. The results showed that the nanoparticles were successfully prepared using the ionic gelation method, yielding a particle size of 267.5 nm, a stable potential zeta, and well-defined spherical morphology. Additionally, the nanoparticles produced the highest anti-inflammatory activity compared to treatments with conventional melinjo seed extract and sodium diclofenac.

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Li, Z., H. Zhou, Y. Lu, and T. Colatsky. "A Critical Role for Immune System Response in Mediating Anti-influenza Drug Synergies Assessed by Mechanistic Modeling." CPT: Pharmacometrics & Systems Pharmacology 3, no. 9 (September 2014): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/psp.2014.32.

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Friedman, Adam A., Arnaud Amzallag, Iulian Pruteanu-Malinici, Subash Baniya, Zachary A. Cooper, Adriano Piris, Leeza Hargreaves, et al. "Landscape of Targeted Anti-Cancer Drug Synergies in Melanoma Identifies a Novel BRAF-VEGFR/PDGFR Combination Treatment." PLOS ONE 10, no. 10 (October 13, 2015): e0140310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140310.

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Wu, Na, Ningning Hu, Jinhe Wu, and Gongbo Zhou. "Tribology Properties of Synthesized Multiscale Lamellar WS2 and Their Synergistic Effect with Anti-Wear Agent ZDDP." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (December 22, 2019): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010115.

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The microscale/nanoscale lamellar-structure WS2 particles with sizes of 2 µm and 500 nm were synthesized by solid-phase reaction method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The synergies between microscale/nanoscale WS2 particles and ZDDP as lubricating oil additives was evaluated by means of UMT-2 tribometer at room temperature. The wear scars were examined with SEM and electron-probe micro-analyzer (EPMA). The results show that the anti-wear properties were improved and the friction coefficient was greatly decreased with the simultaneous addition of WS2 particles and ZDDP, and the largest reduction of friction coefficient was 47.2% compared with that in base oil. Moreover, the presence of ZDDP additive in the lubricant further enhances the friction-reduction and anti-wear effect of microscale/nanoscale WS2. This confirms that there is a synergistic effect between WS2 particles and ZDDP.

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Ging, Debbie, Theodore Lynn, and Pierangelo Rosati. "Neologising misogyny: Urban Dictionary’s folksonomies of sexual abuse." New Media & Society 22, no. 5 (August 30, 2019): 838–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1461444819870306.

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Web 2.0 has facilitated a particularly toxic brand of digital men’s rights activism, collectively known as the Manosphere. This amorphous network of online publics is noted for its virulent anti-feminism, extreme misogyny and synergies with the alt-right. Early manifestations of this phenomenon were confined largely to 4/Chan, Reddit and numerous alt-right forums. More recently, however, this rhetoric has become increasingly evident in Urban Dictionary. This article presents the findings of a machine-learning and manual analysis of Urban Dictionary’s entries relating to sex and gender, to assess the extent to which the Manosphere’s discourses of extreme misogyny and anti-feminism are working their way into everyday vernacular contexts. It also considers the sociolinguistic and gender-political implications of algorithmic and linguistic capitalism, concluding that Urban Dictionary is less a dictionary than it is a platform of folksonomies, which may exert a disproportionate and toxic influence on online discourses related to gender and sexuality.

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Friedman, Adam A., Arnaud Amzallag, Iulian Pruteanu-Malinici, Subash Baniya, Zachary A. Cooper, Adriano Piris, Leeza Hargreaves, et al. "Correction: Landscape of Targeted Anti-Cancer Drug Synergies in Melanoma Identifies a Novel BRAF-VEGFR/PDGFR Combination Treatment." PLOS ONE 19, no. 7 (July 1, 2024): e0306658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0306658.

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Elfardi, Yahya Ramadan, Reda El Boukhari, Ahmed Fatimi, and Latifa Bouissane. "The Multifaceted Therapeutic Potential of Saffron: An Overview Based on Research and Patents." Drugs and Drug Candidates 3, no. 3 (June 21, 2024): 437–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ddc3030026.

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Plants and plant extracts have long been acknowledged as valuable resources for the development of therapeutic formulations for various diseases. Among them, numerous plants and plant-derived products have demonstrated cytotoxic and/or anti-tumor properties. Saffron, particularly due to its major compounds, namely crocin, crocetin, and safranal, stands out as a promising candidate in this regard. Our research undertakes a literature review, reaffirming the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and, notably, anti-tumor properties of saffron and its major constituents. Additionally, this study examines relevant patent documents, highlighting innovative applications for saffron and its major compounds in cancer therapy. The review discusses the progress in purifying the compounds extracted from saffron and assesses their impact on cytotoxic trial outcomes, the potential synergies between certain saffron compounds and established cytotoxic molecules, and the limitations of the patents examined, particularly concerning reported clinical evidence. Researchers who focus on advances in oncology will know from our findings the evolution of the patent landscape regarding cytotoxic and/or anti-tumor therapeutic applications using saffron or its main compounds. Moreover, investigators can draw inspiration from patents leveraging traditional knowledge, particularly from Chinese medicine, to clarify specific active molecules and their mechanisms of action and can expedite the translation of these findings into clinically relevant interventions, potentially enhancing cancer therapy outcomes.

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Tajiknia, Vida, Wafik El-Deiry, Maximilian Pinho Schwermann, Lanlan Zhou, and Kelsey Huntington. "Abstract 1072: Combination of 5-Fluorouracil or ONC212 plus KRAS G12D inhibitor MRTX1133 against colorectal and pancreatic cancer cells results in immune-stimulatory cytokine patterns and unexpected synergies independent of G12D mutation." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (April 4, 2023): 1072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-1072.

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Abstract BACKGROUND: Advanced metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) has a 14% 5-year survival rate with little progress made for microsatellite stable tumors. KRAS mutations occur in about 40-50% of mCRC and are associated with more aggressive drug resistance and lack of response to anti-EGFR therapies. Recent advances have led to small molecules targeting KRAS G12C that have been undergoing clinical testing in lung, mCRC, and other tumor types. ONC212 is a fluorinated imipridone with strong anti-cancer activity in nM range and preclinical efficacy against pancreatic and other malignancies. Through extensive structure-based drug design, MRTX1133 was identified as a noncovalent, potent, and selective inhibitor of KRASG12D. MRTX1133 suppresses KRASG12D signaling in cells and in vivo, MRTX1133 binds to the switch II pocket and inhibits the protein-protein interactions necessary for activation of the KRAS pathway. MATERIALS & METHODS: We investigated cell viability and drug synergies of 5-FU or ONC212 plus KRAS G12D inhibitor MRTX1133 in 6 human CRC and 4 human pancreatic cancer cell lines at 72 hours. Experiments evaluated drug effects on pERK using western blot at 6 and 24 hours. We evaluated changes at 48 hours in cytokine profiles in treated cells using a custom panel of 62 cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors associated with tumor growth, immune stimulation or immune suppression. RESULTS: Colorectal and pancreatic cancer cell lines had IC50 sensitivities ranging from 7 to 12 microM for 5-FU 0.2-0.8 microM for ONC212, >100 nM to >5,000 nM for MRTX1133 (G12D N=4: LS513 >100, HPAF-II >1,000, SNUC2B >5,000, PANC-1 >5,000). For non-G12D, the range of IC50 for MRTX1133 was >1,000 to >5,000 nM for CRC lines with G12V, G13D, or WT KRAS (N=7). Synergies between MRTX1133 and either 5-FU or ONC212 were observed across cell lines regardless of the presence of KRAS G12D mutation with combination indices of <0.5 indicating strong synergy. The observed synergy was greater with the combination of MRTX1133 and ONC212 compared to the synergy with 5-FU. Among the cytokine alterations, IL8/CXCL8, MICA, Angiopoietin 2, VEGF and TNF-alpha were reduced while IL-18/IL-1F4 increased with all treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Our ongoing studies reveal the potential activity of MRTX1133 against mCRC and pancreatic cancer cells regardless of KRAS G12D mutation and synergies were observed with 5-FU and ONC212 regardless of KRAS G12D mutation. Immune stimulatory cytokine profiles were observed with 5-FU, MRTX1133 and combination. The results suggest that KRAS G12D, KRAS G13D and WT KRAS should not be excluded from clinical trials especially with combination therapies involving MRTX1133 and standard-of-care 5-FU. Citation Format: Vida Tajiknia, Wafik El-Deiry, Maximilian Pinho Schwermann, Lanlan Zhou, Kelsey Huntington. Combination of 5-Fluorouracil or ONC212 plus KRAS G12D inhibitor MRTX1133 against colorectal and pancreatic cancer cells results in immune-stimulatory cytokine patterns and unexpected synergies independent of G12D mutation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 1072.

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Liu, Lijian, Haihua Wang, Xixi Hao, Qinghua Zhang, Guiqiang Fei, Yihao Duan, and Liyu Sun. "Robust superhydrophobic bilayer coating: Long-term anti-corrosion and anti-fouling resistance enabled by POSS star cross-linking and fluoride-modified SiO2 nanoparticles specific synergies." Progress in Organic Coatings 198 (January 2025): 108919. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.porgcoat.2024.108919.

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Miguel, MG, MD Antunes, and ML Faleiro. "Honey as a Complementary Medicine." Integrative Medicine Insights 12 (January 1, 2017): 117863371770286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1178633717702869.

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The beneficial effects of honey on human health have long been recognized. Today, many of those positive effects have been studied to elucidate its mode of action. This review briefly summarizes the best studied features of honey, highlighting it as an appealing alternative medicine. In these reports, the health benefits of honey range from antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory activity to anticancer action, metabolic and cardiovascular benefits, prebiotic properties, human pathogen control, and antiviral activity. These studies also support that the honey’s biological activity is mainly dependent on its floral or geographic origin. In addition, some promising synergies between honey and antibiotics have been found, as well as some antiviral properties that require further investigation. Altogether, these studies show that honey is effectively a nutraceutical foodstuff.

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Popescu, George Denis Alexandru, Cristian Scheau, Ioana Anca Badarau, Mihai-Daniel Dumitrache, Ana Caruntu, Andreea-Elena Scheau, Daniel Octavian Costache, et al. "The Effects of Capsaicin on Gastrointestinal Cancers." Molecules 26, no. 1 (December 28, 2020): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26010094.

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Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers are a group of diseases with very high positions in the ranking of cancer incidence and mortality. While they show common features regarding the molecular mechanisms involved in cancer development, organ-specific pathophysiological processes may trigger distinct signaling pathways and intricate interactions with inflammatory cells from the tumoral milieu and mediators involved in tumorigenesis. The treatment of GI cancers is a topic of increasing interest due to the severity of these diseases, their impact on the patients’ survivability and quality of life, and the burden they set on the healthcare system. As the efficiency of existing drugs is hindered by chemoresistance and adverse reactions when administered in high doses, new therapies are sought, and emerging drugs, formulations, and substance synergies are the focus of a growing number of studies. A class of chemicals with great potential through anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-tumoral effects is phytochemicals, and capsaicin in particular is the subject of intensive research looking to validate its position in complementing cancer treatment. Our paper thoroughly reviews the available scientific evidence concerning the effects of capsaicin on major GI cancers and its interactions with the molecular pathways involved in the course of these diseases.

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Thomas, Maria, Thu Hien Nguyen, Jenny Drnevich, Amber M. D’Souza, Pedro A. de Alarcon, and Manu Gnanamony. "Hu14.18K.322A Causes Direct Cell Cytotoxicity and Synergizes with Induction Chemotherapy in High-Risk Neuroblastoma." Cancers 16, no. 11 (May 30, 2024): 2064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers16112064.

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The disialoganglioside, GD2, is a promising therapeutic target due to its overexpression in certain tumors, particularly neuroblastoma (NB), with limited expression in normal tissues. Despite progress, the intricate mechanisms of action and the full spectrum of the direct cellular responses to anti-GD2 antibodies remain incompletely understood. In this study, we examined the direct cytotoxic effects of the humanized anti-GD2 antibody hu14.18K322A (hu14) on NB cell lines, by exploring the associated cell-death pathways. Additionally, we assessed the synergy between hu14 and conventional induction chemotherapy drugs. Our results revealed that hu14 treatment induced direct cytotoxic effects in CHLA15 and SK-N-BE1 cell lines, with a pronounced impact on proliferation and colony formation. Apoptosis emerged as the predominant cell-death pathway triggered by hu14. Furthermore, we saw a reduction in GD2 surface expression in response to hu14 treatment. Hu14 demonstrated synergy with induction chemotherapy drugs with alterations in GD2 expression. Our comprehensive investigation provides valuable insights into the multifaceted effects of hu14 on NB cells, shedding light on its direct cytotoxicity, cell-death pathways, and interactions with induction chemotherapy drugs. This study contributes to the evolving understanding of anti-GD2 antibody therapy and its potential synergies with conventional treatments in the context of NB.

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Ravindran, Tathagatan. "Language revitalization as a postponed aspiration: anti-essentialist ethnolinguistic identity among Aymaras in Bolivia." International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2024, no. 287 (May 1, 2024): 131–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2023-0006.

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Abstract Twenty-first century Bolivia witnessed indigenous resurgence and state promotion of indigenous languages. This article ethnographically examines the impact of these processes on indigenous language revitalization and ethnolinguistic identities in urban spaces. It reveals that language attrition continues because indigenous resurgence occurred at a time when language shift from Aymara to Spanish had already occurred in most households and schools were considered the spaces for learning Aymara. Moreover, although indigenous identity continues to be linked to language, linguistic proficiency no longer determines Aymara identity in a reductionist sense. Most contemporary Aymaras deploy a rhetoric that historically contextualizes the process of language attrition, thereby, asserting an anti-essentialist ethnolinguistic identity. This enables learning Aymara to be an aspiration that is highly valued but can be endlessly postponed. The article points out the limitations of state-led language revitalization policies and calls for creating synergies between state planning from above and communitarian initiatives from below.

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Pawaskar, Vardhana. "Effect of Mergers on Corporate Performance in India." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 26, no. 1 (January 2001): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920010103.

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This paper studies the impact of mergers on corporate performance. It compares the pre- and post-merger operating performance of the corporations involved in merger to identify their financial characteristics. Also, the effect on merger-induced monopoly profits is identified by looking at the persistence profile of the profits. Taking a sample of 36 cases of merger between 1992 and 1995, it is seen that there are no significant differences in the financial characteristics of the two firms involved in merger. The mergers seem to lead to financial synergies and a one-time growth. The analysis of the regression to norm shows that there is no increase in the postmerger profits. The competitive process is not impeded with merger even when no strong anti-trust laws are present.

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Mavragani, Clio P., Adrianos Nezos, Nikolas Dovrolis, Nikolaos-Panayiotis Andreou, Evangelia Legaki, Leonardo A. Sechi, Giorgos Bamias, and Maria Gazouli. "Type I and II Interferon Signatures Can Predict the Response to Anti-TNF Agents in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients: Involvement of the Microbiota." Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 26, no. 10 (August 19, 2020): 1543–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izaa216.

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Abstract Background Anti-TNF agents have been a cornerstone of IBD therapy; however, response to treatment has been variable, and clinically applicable biomarkers are urgently needed. We hypothesized that the type I and type II interferon (IFN) signatures may be a confounding factor for response to antitumor necrosis factor (TNF) treatment via interactions with the host and its gut microbiota. Methods Peripheral blood from 30 IBD patients and 10 healthy controls was subjected to real-time quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction for type I and type II IFN genes (IFNGs), both at baseline and after treatment with anti-TNF. Correlation between IFN signatures and microbiota composition was also determined for a subgroup of patients and controls. Results At baseline, type I IFN score was significantly higher in IBD patients (P = 0.04 vs controls). Responders to subsequent anti-TNF treatment had significantly lower baseline scores for both type I and II IFN signatures (P < 0.005 vs nonresponders for both comparisons). During treatment with anti-TNF, the expression of type I and II IFNGs was significantly elevated in responders and decreased in nonresponders. In addition, changes in IFN signatures correlated to specific alterations in the abundance of several microbial taxa of the gut microbiome. Conclusions Baseline expression of type I and II IFN signatures and their kinetics during anti-TNF administration significantly correlate to treatment responses in IBD patients. Peripheral blood IFN signatures may serve as clinically meaningful biomarkers for the identification of subgroups of patients with favorable response to anti-TNF treatment. Additionally, the distinct synergies between different IFN types and microbiota might help drive therapeutic intervention.

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Wild, Markus, Dubravka Karner, Jan Eickhoff, Sabrina Wagner, Jintawee Kicuntod, William Chang, Peter Barry, Stipan Jonjić, Tihana Lenac Roviš, and Manfred Marschall. "Combined Treatment with Host-Directed and Anticytomegaloviral Kinase Inhibitors: Mechanisms, Synergisms and Drug Resistance Barriers." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 12 (November 27, 2023): 2680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15122680.

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Despite the availability of currently approved antiviral drugs, infections with human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) still cause clinically challenging, sometimes life-threatening situations. There is an urgent need for enhanced anti-HCMV drugs that offer improved efficacy, reduced dosages and options for long-term treatment without risk of the development of viral drug resistance. Recently, we reported the pronounced anti-HCMV efficacy of pharmacological inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), in particular, the potential of utilizing drug synergies upon combination treatment with inhibitors of host CDKs and the viral CDK-like kinase pUL97 (vCDK/pUL97). Here, we expand this finding by further assessing the in vitro synergistic antiviral interaction between vCDK and CDK inhibitors towards HCMV as well as non-human cytomegaloviruses. An extension of this synergy approach was achieved in vivo by using the recombinant MCMV-UL97/mouse model, confirming the high potential of combination treatment with the clinically approved vCDK inhibitor maribavir (MBV) and the developmental CDK7 inhibitor LDC4297. Moreover, mechanistic aspects of this synergistic drug combination were illustrated on the levels of intracellular viral protein transport and viral genome replication. The analysis of viral drug resistance did not reveal resistance formation in the case of MBV + LDC4297 combination treatment. Spanning various investigational levels, these new results strongly support our concept, employing the great potential of anti-HCMV synergistic drug treatment.

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Grazul, Magdalena, Paweł Kwiatkowski, Kacper Hartman, Anna Kilanowicz, and Monika Sienkiewicz. "How to Naturally Support the Immune System in Inflammation—Essential Oils as Immune Boosters." Biomedicines 11, no. 9 (August 25, 2023): 2381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11092381.

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Efficient functionality of the immune system is needed to fight against the development of infectious diseases, including, among others, serious recurrent chronic infections. Research has shown that many modern common diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases and cardiovascular diseases, e.g., thromboembolism, cancer, obesity, or depression, are connected with inflammatory processes. Therefore, new, good stimulators of the immune system’s response are sought. They include synthetic compounds as well as biological preparations such as lipopolysaccharides, enzymes, bacterial metabolites, and secondary metabolites of plants, demonstrating a multidirectional effect. Essential oils are characterized by many invaluable activities, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunostimulating. Essential oils may stimulate the immune system via the utilization of their constituents, such as antibodies, cytokines, and dendritic cells. Some essential oils may stimulate the proliferation of immune-competent cells, including polymorphonuclear leukocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, natural killer cells, and B and T lymphocytes. This review is focused on the ability of essential oils to affect the immune system. It is also possible that essential oil components positively interact with recommended anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial drugs. Thus, there is a need to explore possible synergies between essential oils and their active ingredients for medical use.

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Tuinstra, Jan, and Daan L. in ’t Veld. "Market-Induced Rationalization and Welfare-Enhancing Cartels." B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 14, no. 1 (October 24, 2013): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bejeap-2013-0005.

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Abstract We show that incomplete cartels in quantity-setting oligopolies may increase welfare, without any efficiencies or synergies being internalized by cartel formation. The main intuition is that the cartel has an incentive to contract output and that the firms outside the cartel react to this by expanding output. If the outsiders are more efficient than the cartel firms, average production costs go down. We model collusion in a market structure with imperfect substitute goods. Even for relatively moderate differences in efficiency, total welfare may increase due to this market-induced rationalization, whereas the cartel remains profitable. We discuss why the effect can be relevant for sectors where new, superior products are developed. Because anti-cartel enforcement is costly, it is important for competition authorities to realize that not all cartels lead to a welfare loss.

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Wang, Yawen, Yan Wen, Xiaofeng Wu, and Hongwei Cai. "Comprehensive Evaluation of GLP1 Receptor Agonists in Modulating Inflammatory Pathways and Gut Microbiota." World Journal of Innovation and Modern Technology 7, no. 6 (December 24, 2024): 193–99. https://doi.org/10.53469/wjimt.2024.07(06).23.

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This study provides a detailed examination of the anti-inflammatory effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), employing an integrative approach that combines multi-omics analysis with in vivo and in vitro experiments. The results showed a significant decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines (−42%±3.5%, p<0.001) alongside a notable increase in anti-inflammatory markers (+38%±4.2%, p<0.001). Additionally, the intervention induced substantial restructuring of the gut microbiota, characterized by a 2.8-fold enrichment of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (p<0.01) and a 2.1-fold increase in Roseburia spp. (p<0.05), together with an increase in short-chain fatty acids level, especially butyrate (+35%, p<0.01). These changes were closely related to improved cytokine regulation and enhanced metabolic activity. Comparative analyses further showed that GLP-1RAs exhibit better efficacy in reducing inflammatory markers relative to NSAIDs, as evidenced by lower cytokine levels and inflammation scores across both animal models and cell culture systems (p<0.05). Transcriptomic profiling identified 154 differentially expressed genes, with the upregulation of key anti-inflammatory pathways and the downregulation of pro-inflammatory mediators. The findings highlight the potential of GLP-1RAs as a targeted therapy for systemic inflammation, leveraging their effects on cytokine modulation, gut microbiota composition and metabolic pathways. Future studies should focus on optimizing GLP-1RA-based interventions by exploring their long-term effects and potential synergies with microbiota-directed therapies for chronic inflammatory conditions.

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Al-Khazaleh, Ahmad K., Xian Zhou, Deep Jyoti Bhuyan, Gerald W. Münch, Elaf Adel Al-Dalabeeh, Kayla Jaye, and Dennis Chang. "The Neurotherapeutic Arsenal in Cannabis sativa: Insights into Anti-Neuroinflammatory and Neuroprotective Activity and Potential Entourage Effects." Molecules 29, no. 2 (January 15, 2024): 410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules29020410.

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Cannabis, renowned for its historical medicinal use, harbours various bioactive compounds—cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids. While major cannabinoids like delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) have received extensive scrutiny for their pharmacological properties, emerging evidence underscores the collaborative interactions among these constituents, suggesting a collective therapeutic potential. This comprehensive review explores the intricate relationships and synergies between cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids in cannabis. Cannabinoids, pivotal in cannabis’s bioactivity, exhibit well-documented analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. Terpenes, aromatic compounds imbuing distinct flavours, not only contribute to cannabis’s sensory profile but also modulate cannabinoid effects through diverse molecular mechanisms. Flavonoids, another cannabis component, demonstrate anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties, particularly relevant to neuroinflammation. The entourage hypothesis posits that combined cannabinoid, terpene, and flavonoid action yields synergistic or additive effects, surpassing individual compound efficacy. Recognizing the nuanced interactions is crucial for unravelling cannabis’s complete therapeutic potential. Tailoring treatments based on the holistic composition of cannabis strains allows optimization of therapeutic outcomes while minimizing potential side effects. This review underscores the imperative to delve into the intricate roles of cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids, offering promising prospects for innovative therapeutic interventions and advocating continued research to unlock cannabis’s full therapeutic potential within the realm of natural plant-based medicine.

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Oksanen, Aslak-Antti. "The Indigenous Dimension of the Intersocietal: Dussel, Exteriority and the Sámi People." Millennium: Journal of International Studies 50, no. 1 (September 2021): 83–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03058298211050671.

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Proponents of uneven and combined development (U&CD) as a theoretical approach to International Relations (IR) have presented it as providing the conceptual means for overcoming Eurocentrism. While the U&CD scholars have made valuable contributions to anti-Eurocentric IR scholarship, this article argues that U&CD has analytical limitations that impede its anti-Eurocentric potential. These limitations derive from U&CD’s reliance on the concepts of ‘development’ and the ‘whip of external necessity’, which require developmental ranking of societies and lock U&CD into a state-centric social ontology. To provide complementary conceptual resources to overcome U&CD’s analytical limitations, this article introduces Enrique Dussel’s liberation philosophy (LP), which can incorporate peoples other than states as agents and entities of global politics through its concept of ‘exteriority’. U&CD and LP are then jointly applied to analyse the relations between the Nordic states and the indigenous Sámi people to assess the approaches’ relative strengths and weaknesses and identify synergies between them. Based on this assessment, the article outlines the potential for synthesising a ‘thin’ version of U&CD with LP, by using the concept of ‘exteriority’ to reorient U&CD’s analytical focus towards people excluded by the states-system.

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Uggla, Bengt Kristensson. "What Makes Us Human? The Lutheran Anthropological Link Between Wingren and Ricoeur." Open Theology 4, no. 1 (September 1, 2018): 308–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opth-2018-0023.

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Abstract This paper explores the link between the extra nos in Gustaf Wingren’s theological anthropology and the homo capax in Paul Ricoeur’s philosophical anthropology, considered as two creative receptions of the tradition from Luther. I will argue that the reason that we find such synergies between these two thinkers, even though neither of them ever referred to the other, has to do with their common roots in, and their contributions to rethink, the tradition from the Reformation. Wingren takes his specific place in twentieth century theology as an angry critic of the dominant anti-liberal movements that took the distinctively Christian-in opposition to what we all share as human beings-as methodological startingpoint when understanding the Christian faith, and as an alternative he developed understanding of what it means to be human by starting “outside” oneself. Ricoeur’s philosophical position is developed as a creative alternative to both humanist and anti-humanist approaches, expressed as a wounded cogito capable of imagining “onself as another.” Taken together, these two thinkers provide us with a profound dialectical way of thinking what it means to be human by bringing together a de-centered self and a centered self as integral parts of a wider dialectics.

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Carroll, Natalie, Reneau Youngblood, Alena Smith, Ana-Maria Dragoi, Brian A. Salvatore, and Elahe Mahdavian. "TNBC Therapeutics Based on Combination of Fusarochromanone with EGFR Inhibitors." Biomedicines 10, no. 11 (November 12, 2022): 2906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10112906.

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Fusarochromanone is an experimental drug with unique and potent anti-cancer activity. Current cancer therapies often incorporate a combination of drugs to increase efficacy and decrease the development of drug resistance. In this study, we used drug combinations and cellular phenotypic screens to address important questions about FC101′s mode of action and its potential therapeutic synergies in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). We hypothesized that FC101′s activity against TNBC is similar to the mTOR inhibitor, everolimus, because FC101 downregulates the phosphorylation of two mTOR substrates, S6K and S6. Since everolimus synergistically enhances the anti-cancer activities of two known EGFR inhibitors (erlotinib or lapatinib) in TNBC, we performed analogous studies with FC101. Phenotypic cellular assays helped assess whether FC101 acts similarly to everolimus, in both single and combination treatments with the two inhibitors. FC101 outperformed all other single treatments in both cell proliferation and viability assays. However, unlike everolimus, FC101 produced a sustained decrease in cell viability in drug washout studies. None of the other drugs were able to maintain comparable effects upon removal. Although we observed slightly additive effects when the TNBC cells were treated with FC101 and the two EGFR inhibitors, those effects were not truly synergistic in the manner displayed with everolimus.

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Torne, Sangmesh, A. Sheela, and N. C. Sarada. "Investigation of the Role of the Alkalizing Agent in Sodium Alginate Liquid Anti-reflux Suspension." Current Drug Therapy 15, no. 1 (January 14, 2020): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574885514666190103140951.

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Background: Anti-reflux formulation is one of the popular formulations across the globe in the pharmaceutical industry used specifically for the management of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. But, this formulation is less explored with respect to research. Anti-reflux formulation has challenges to show its antacid functionality, which could have synergies in the management of refluxes in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. Alkalizing agents act as antacid and improve the acid neutralization capacity in the anti-reflux formulation, and can be used appropriately as they affect raft strength beyond certain (optimum) limits. Objective: The objective of this work is to investigate the significance of alkalizing agent in sodium alginate based on oral liquid anti-reflux suspension for the management of Gastro-oesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). Methods: In the present study, the formulation was prepared using sodium alginate along with different alkalizing agents like calcium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate at different levels. The formulation was further studied for in-vitro characterization like pH, viscosity, Acid Neutralization Capacity (ANC), thickness, formation speed, flotation, and raft strength. Results: The formulation with a higher level of calcium carbonate as the alkalizing agent showed a positive effect on the acid neutralization capacity (20.83mEq) and raft strength (16.95g) as well. Whereas, the formulation with a higher level of sodium bi-carbonate (4.01%) showed improved acid neutralization (22.31mEq) but showed a negative effect on raft strengths (10.08g). Conclusion: Based on the study, the optimum levels include 5% sodium alginate, 1.6% calcium carbonate and 2.67% sodium bicarbonate to achieve good liquid suspension formulation possessing good acid neutralization capacity as well as raft strength.

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Hajareh Haghighi, Farid, Roya Binaymotlagh, Ilaria Fratoddi, Laura Chronopoulou, and Cleofe Palocci. "Peptide-Hydrogel Nanocomposites for Anti-Cancer Drug Delivery." Gels 9, no. 12 (December 4, 2023): 953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels9120953.

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Cancer is the second leading cause of death globally, but conventional anticancer drugs have side effects, mainly due to their non-specific distribution in the body in both cancerous and healthy cells. To address this relevant issue and improve the efficiency of anticancer drugs, increasing attention is being devoted to hydrogel drug-delivery systems for different kinds of cancer treatment due to their high biocompatibility and stability, low side effects, and ease of modifications. To improve the therapeutic efficiency and provide multi-functionality, different types of nanoparticles (NPs) can be incorporated within the hydrogels to form smart hydrogel nanocomposites, benefiting the advantages of both counterparts and suitable for advanced anticancer applications. Despite many papers on non-peptide hydrogel nanocomposites, there is limited knowledge about peptide-based nanocomposites, specifically in anti-cancer drug delivery. The aim of this short but comprehensive review is, therefore, to focus attention on the synergies resulting from the combination of NPs with peptide-based hydrogels. This review, which includes a survey of recent advances in this kind of material, does not aim to be an exhaustive review of hydrogel technology, but it instead highlights recent noteworthy publications and discusses novel perspectives to provide valuable insights into the promising synergic combination of peptide hydrogels and NPs for the design of novel anticancer drug delivery systems.

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Grant, Rainer, Marco Pinheiro, Rachel Weller Roska, and Robert Felix. "Abstract 943: Identification and validation of unusual drug combinations identified from combination databases." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (March 22, 2024): 943. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-943.

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Abstract There is a noted trend in the identification and subsequent approval of rational drug combinations to treat various diseases, particularly cancer. When applied in a clinical setting, synergistic combinations can have significant benefits including improved patient response and avoiding or overcoming drug resistance. Although multiple strategies have been successfully implemented to identify rational drug combinations, extensive validation is initially required to confirm a combination as synergistic. The existence and growing use of web-based repositories containing comprehensive drug combination data is a key resource and can be a valuable starting point for identifying synergistic combinations. However, are synergistic combinations from these datasets expected or rational and can they be validated experimentally? By mining available drug combinations from the DrugCombo database, we wanted to identify unusual drug combinations reported as synergistic and experimentally validate these with dose-response assays. In addition, we set out to establish if cytokines could be used as an inhibition biomarker to easily assess synergy. We found multiple unexpected synergies including a predicted synergy between the JAK1/2 inhibitor Ruxolitinib with Maraviroc, a CCR5 antagonist, or Levetiracetam, an SV2A binding anti-epileptic reported in the lymphoma cell line, L-1236. Experimentally, these predicted synergies could not be validated. In the context of synergistic drug combinations, this work shows that experimental validation is crucial, particularly for combinations with uncertain biological mechanisms. Citation Format: Rainer Grant, Marco Pinheiro, Rachel Weller Roska, Robert Felix. Identification and validation of unusual drug combinations identified from combination databases [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 943.

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Lazzaro, Brian P., Michael Zasloff, and Jens Rolff. "Antimicrobial peptides: Application informed by evolution." Science 368, no. 6490 (April 30, 2020): eaau5480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aau5480.

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Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are essential components of immune defenses of multicellular organisms and are currently in development as anti-infective drugs. AMPs have been classically assumed to have broad-spectrum activity and simple kinetics, but recent evidence suggests an unexpected degree of specificity and a high capacity for synergies. Deeper evaluation of the molecular evolution and population genetics of AMP genes reveals more evidence for adaptive maintenance of polymorphism in AMP genes than has previously been appreciated, as well as adaptive loss of AMP activity. AMPs exhibit pharmacodynamic properties that reduce the evolution of resistance in target microbes, and AMPs may synergize with one another and with conventional antibiotics. Both of these properties make AMPs attractive for translational applications. However, if AMPs are to be used clinically, it is crucial to understand their natural biology in order to lessen the risk of collateral harm and avoid the crisis of resistance now facing conventional antibiotics.

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Bogoslovskaya, Galina. "Peritoneal Tuberculosis Presenting as Chronic Ascites with Scrofula: A Case Report." Cardiology Research and Reports 6, no. 4 (August 13, 2024): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2692-9759/137.

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Bacteria are one of the factors that cause skin infections. Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent type, and because of the frequent use of antibacterial, many of them have become resistant. From this principle, this study was conducted at the Faculty of Medical Technology, Islamic University, from January 2023 to May 2023, and the aim of the study is to investigate and detect bacteria that cause skin infections and test the antifungal synergy of with the antibacterials. the results show (Staphylococcus aureus 45%, Escherichia coli,35%, pseudomonas aeruginosa 8%, Staphylococcus epidermidis 5%, klebsiella pneumoniae %4 and proteus mirabilis 1%) and it is necessary to test new antibiotic. The combination of the antifungal itraconazole with the antibacterial amoxicillin, norfloxacin and trimethoprim was tested, and some results gave a higher effect compared to the antibacterial. It is possible to use these synergies for skin infections, and we conclude that the anti-fungal has an effect on the bacteria when it is mixed with other antibiotics.

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Olejnik, Anna, Justyna Gornowicz-Porowska, Dorota Jenerowicz, Adriana Polańska, Małgorzata Dobrzyńska, Juliusz Przysławski, Anna Sansone, and Carla Ferreri. "Fatty Acids Profile and the Relevance of Membranes as the Target of Nutrition-Based Strategies in Atopic Dermatitis: A Narrative Review." Nutrients 15, no. 17 (September 4, 2023): 3857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15173857.

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Recently, the prevalence of atopic dermatitis has increased drastically, especially in urban populations. This multifactorial skin disease is caused by complex interactions between various factors including genetics, environment, lifestyle, and diet. In eczema, apart from using an elimination diet, the adequate content of fatty acids from foods (saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids) plays an important role as an immunomodulatory agent. Different aspects regarding atopic dermatitis include connections between lipid metabolism in atopic dermatitis, with the importance of the MUFA levels, as well as of the omega-6/omega-3 balance that affects the formation of long-chain (C20 eicosanoic and C22 docosaenoic) fatty acids and bioactive lipids from them (such as prostaglandins). Impair/repair of the functioning of epidermal barrier is influenced by these fatty acid levels. The purpose of this review is to drive attention to membrane fatty acid composition and its involvement as the target of fatty acid supplementation. The membrane-targeted strategy indicates the future direction for dermatological research regarding the use of nutritional synergies, in particular using red blood cell fatty acid profiles as a tool for checking the effects of supplementations to reach the target and influence the inflammatory/anti-inflammatory balance of lipid mediators. This knowledge gives the opportunity to develop personalized strategies to create a healthy balance by nutrition with an anti-inflammatory outcome in skin disorders.

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Tan, Jiacheng. "The Emerging Role of Engineering Immune Cells in Cancer Treatments." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 54 (July 4, 2023): 246–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v54i.9775.

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Cell-based immunotherapy has become one of the forefronts of cancer treatments and led to significant clinical success in multiple refractory/recurrent hematological malignancies. Compared with other conventional treatment approaches, engineered immune cells are considered “living factories” that are able to continually produce anti-tumor factors and have the potential to mediate long-lasting therapeutic benefits following a single application. The intrinsic ability to expand and respond in portion to needs encompasses this technology a greater and more transformative potential to enable a more effective anti-tumor response with less off-target toxicity. Nevertheless, there are still some significant barriers to successfully applying cell-based therapy to treat solid tumors. Five main challenges include restricted trafficking and infiltration, antigen escape and heterogeneity, suboptimal persistence, immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), and potentially severe side effects and immune-related toxicities. The technological advancement of various biomolecular tools and genetic engineering strategies provides exciting opportunities to address these limitations. In addition, combination therapy that incorporates other treatment modalities within the treatment regimen of cell-based strategy also creates therapeutic synergies that can greatly improve the clinical success of the therapy. This review introduces current observed challenges in treating cancers, with an emphasis on solid malignancies, and discusses some potential engineering solutions that have shown promising results in recent preclinical studies.

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Kusuma, Ikhwan Yuda, Habibie Habibie, Muh Akbar Bahar, Ferenc Budán, and Dezső Csupor. "Anticancer Effects of Secoiridoids—A Scoping Review of the Molecular Mechanisms behind the Chemopreventive Effects of the Olive Tree Components Oleocanthal, Oleacein, and Oleuropein." Nutrients 16, no. 16 (August 18, 2024): 2755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu16162755.

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The olive tree (Olea europaea) and olive oil hold significant cultural and historical importance in Europe. The health benefits associated with olive oil consumption have been well documented. This paper explores the mechanisms of the anti-cancer effects of olive oil and olive leaf, focusing on their key bioactive compounds, namely oleocanthal, oleacein, and oleuropein. The chemopreventive potential of oleocanthal, oleacein, and oleuropein is comprehensively examined through this systematic review. We conducted a systematic literature search to identify eligible articles from Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases published up to 10 October 2023. Among 4037 identified articles, there were 88 eligible articles describing mechanisms of chemopreventive effects of oleocanthal, oleacein, and oleuropein. These compounds have the ability to inhibit cell proliferation, induce cell death (apoptosis, autophagy, and necrosis), inhibit angiogenesis, suppress tumor metastasis, and modulate cancer-associated signalling pathways. Additionally, oleocanthal and oleuropein were also reported to disrupt redox hemostasis. This review provides insights into the chemopreventive mechanisms of O. europaea-derived secoiridoids, shedding light on their role in chemoprevention. The bioactivities summarized in the paper support the epidemiological evidence demonstrating a negative correlation between olive oil consumption and cancer risk. Furthermore, the mapped and summarized secondary signalling pathways may provide information to elucidate new synergies with other chemopreventive agents to complement chemotherapies and develop novel nutrition-based anti-cancer approaches.

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Wu, Tsai-Yi, Kun-Hua Tu, Kung-Wei Lin, Jhan-Jie Peng, Han-Po Shih, and Cheng-Lung Ku. "The pathogenic anti-PLA2R autoantibodies cooperatively elicit the activation of complement in primary membranous nephropathy." Journal of Immunology 210, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2023): 247.05. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.210.supp.247.05.

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Abstract Primary membranous nephropathy (pMN) is an autoimmune disease associated with autoantibody-mediated immune complexes and the deposition of activated complement proteins on the glomerulus. The phospholipase A2 receptor 1 (PLA2R) has been identified as a major antigen for autoantibodies in 80% of pMN patients. Antibodies of IgG1 and IgG3, but not IgG4, can activate complement. Unexpectedly, in pMN patients, the PLA2R autoantibodies are IgG4 predominance, and those of IgG1 and IgG3 are less abundant in the affected tissues, arguing the role of PLA2R autoantibodies in the pathologies of pMN. To study the molecular basis of individual PLA2R-reactive IgGs mediating complement activation in pMN, we employed a single-cell capture method and generated 16 anti-PLA2R monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). We characterize mAbs properties including epitope, affinity and gene feature. Then we adopted the CDC assay with PLA2R-podocytes to investigate the complement activation of the mAbs. Our data show that the combination of CTLD1 and any other epitope showed a synergistic effect that enhanced CDC activation, which single epitope anti-PLA2R mAb cannot achieve. Surprisingly, IgG1 mAb can still promote the CDC when pair with IgG4 mAb in synergistic effects. Moreover, polyclonal anti-PLA2R IgGs from pMN patients but not healthy volunteers can induce CDC. Next, we found that a group of patients only have CysR-IgG3, neither CTLD1-IgG1 nor IgG3; when we add CTLD1-IgG1 mAb can enhance CDC activation. Our data identify an essential role of complement-reactive IgGs, presumably IgG1 and IgG3 synergies between epitopes synergistic effects, and highlight the importance of immune complexes in complement activation by PLA2R autoantibodies, which underlies pMN.

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Visan, Diana-Carolina, Eliza Oprea, Valeria Radulescu, Ion Voiculescu, Iovu-Adrian Biris, Ani Ioana Cotar, Crina Saviuc, Mariana Carmen Chifiriuc, and Ioana Cristina Marinas. "Original Contributions to the Chemical Composition, Microbicidal, Virulence-Arresting and Antibiotic-Enhancing Activity of Essential Oils from Four Coniferous Species." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 11 (November 13, 2021): 1159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14111159.

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This study aimed to establish the essential oil (EO) composition from young shoots of Picea abies, Larix decidua, Pseudotsuga menziesii, and Pinus nigra harvested from Romania and evaluate their antimicrobial and anti-virulence activity, as well as potential synergies with currently used antibiotics. The samples’ EO average content varied between 0.62% and 1.02% (mL/100 g plant). The mono- and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were dominant in the composition of the studied EOs. The antimicrobial activity revealed that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values for the tested EOs and some pure compounds known for their antimicrobial activity ranged from 6.25 to 100 µL/mL. The most intensive antimicrobial effect was obtained for the Pinus nigra EO, which exhibited the best synergistic effect with some antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus strains (i.e., oxacillin, tetracycline, erythromycin and gentamycin). The subinhibitory concentrations (sMIC) of the coniferous EOs inhibited the expression of soluble virulence factors (DN-ase, lipase, lecithinase, hemolysins, caseinase and siderophore-like), their efficiency being similar to that of the tested pure compounds, and inhibited the rhl gene expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, suggesting their virulence-arresting drug potential.

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Rusetiyanti, Nurwestu. "Insight of PrEP and Testing STI Puzzle." Academic Hospital Journal 3, no. 01 (April 20, 2021): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ahj.v3i01.58770.

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Pre Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) is the use of Anti Retroviral (ARV) drugs by HIV-uninfected people to block the acquisition of HIV before exposure to HIV. There are concerns that PrEP introduction and scale up may pose risks, such as sexual behavior change in specific populations, and have an impact on the budget in already constrained health systems. Therefore, public health measures for the prevention of HIV and other STIs need to be enhanced, such as the prioritization of PrEP, coupled with more effective STI screening and treatment. Integration of STI and PrEP programmes can be viewed bi-directionally (not only integrating STI services into PrEP services but also considering STI clients as people also at risk for HIV and therefore potentially eligible for PrEP). This approach fosters synergies and efficiencies from a public health perspective. However, there are many challenges to programmatic integration, including siloed funding streams and programmes, the availability and costs of expanded etiological STI testing, and gaps in capacity and training for STI management. Keywords : PrEP, STI, services

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Liu, Naiming, Depeng Chu, Xianlin Chen, Peng Fu, Huiping Xing, Xiaolian Chao, Yujia Luo, Bingjie Mai, and Yuhu Li. "A Spray-On Microemulsion with Mold-Proof Effect on Paper." Coatings 13, no. 4 (April 6, 2023): 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings13040745.

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Archives, ancient books, and documents kept in museums and libraries are the carriers of historic and cultural information left by our ancestors. However, these paper cultural relics can show notorious signs of degradation, e.g., fungal development. Due to the organic components of paper objects, they suffer from fungal biodeterioration. The excreted substances of fungi and the fungi’s structures themselves are often colored and interfere with the readability of the artifacts, diminishing their artistic and monetary values. In this study, we collected and separated the moldy archives collected in the Archives of Shaanxi Province (China) and obtained the identification results of eight kinds of molds. Clotrimazole (CTZ) and quaternary ammonium salt chitosan (HACC) were combined to prepare a microemulsion. Synergies of CTZ and HACC could enhance the antifungal effect and reduce the required concentration of a single drug. The composite emulsion could effectively improve the retention of drugs on the surface of paper cultural relics, improve the solubility of hydrophobic drugs, and provide a data basis for the anti-mold preservation of paper cultural relics.

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Israeli-Korn, Simon D., Avi Barliya, Caroline Paquette, Erika Franzén, Rivka Inzelberg, Fay B. Horak, and Tamar Flash. "Intersegmental coordination patterns are differently affected in Parkinson’s disease and cerebellar ataxia." Journal of Neurophysiology 121, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 672–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00788.2017.

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The law of intersegmental coordination (Borghese et al. 1996) may be altered in pathological conditions. Here we investigated the contribution of the basal ganglia (BG) and the cerebellum to lower limb intersegmental coordination by inspecting the plane’s orientation and other parameters pertinent to this law in patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD) or cerebellar ataxia (CA). We also applied a mathematical model that successfully accounts for the intersegmental law of coordination observed in control subjects (Barliya et al. 2009). In the present study, we compared the planarity index (PI), covariation plane (CVP) orientation, and CVP orientation predicted by the model in 11 PD patients, 8 CA patients, and two groups of healthy subjects matched for age, height, weight, and gender to each patient group (Ctrl_PD and Ctrl_CA). Controls were instructed to alter their gait speed to match those of their respective patient group. PD patients were examined after overnight withdrawal of anti-parkinsonian medications (PD-off-med) and then on medication (PD-on-med). PI was above 96% in all gait conditions in all groups suggesting that the law of intersegmental coordination is preserved in both BG and cerebellar pathology. However, the measured and predicted CVP orientations rotated in PD-on-med and PD-off-med compared with Ctrl_PD and in CA vs. Ctrl_CA. These rotations caused by PD and CA were in opposite directions suggesting differences in the roles of the BG and cerebellum in intersegmental coordination during human locomotion. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Kinematic and muscular synergies may have a role in overcoming motor redundancies, which may be reflected in intersegmental covariation. Basal ganglia and cerebellar networks were suggested to be involved in crafting and modulating synergies. We thus compared intersegmental coordination in Parkinson’s disease and cerebellar disease patients and found opposite effects in some aspects. Further research integrating muscle activities as well as biomechanical and neural control modeling are needed to account for these findings.

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Zhang, Yiqun, and Wafik S. El-Deiry. "Abstract 2671: Imipridones ONC201 and ONC206 reduce expression of neogenin and EZH1/2 which correlate with synergy following their combination with EZH1/2 or HDAC inhibitors in treatment of DMG and other tumors." Cancer Research 83, no. 7_Supplement (April 4, 2023): 2671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-2671.

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Abstract Imipridones are a family of small molecule compounds including ONC201, ONC206 and ONC212 with anti-cancer activity mediated in part through activation of the integrated stress response, induction of TRAIL and its receptor, DR5, and activation of mitochondrial caseinolytic protease ClpP with consequent impairment of oxidative phosphorylation. Early clinical data have indicated that ONC201 provides clinical benefit in a subset of patients with histone H3K27M-mutated diffuse midline glioma (DMG). The H3K27M mutation prevents the function of EZH2 in methylating H3K27 on the mutated protein. This phenomenon implicates H3K27M and EZH2 in the mechanism of the anti-cancer effect of ONC201. EZH1 is a homolog of EZH2 and forms an alternative for EZH2 in assembling the PRC2 complex. We investigated the effects of ONC201, ONC206 or ONC212 on EZH1/2 by treating DMG cells and a panel of other solid tumor cells including GBM, DMG, CRC, PDAC, SCLC, prostate cancer, HCC and breast cancer cells with ONC201, ONC206 or ONC212. We observed that imipridones inhibit expression of both EZH1 and EZH2 in these tumors. RNA-seq analysis and RT-PCR showed no regulation of EZH1/2 at the level of transcription after ONC201 treatment. Linear regression revealed a correlation between extent of EZH1/2 inhibition and extent of cell viability suppression by ONC201 thereby providing further rationale for the combination of ONC201 and EZH1/2 inhibitors or HDAC inhibitors. We combined ONC201 or ONC206 or ONC212 plus a dual EZH1/2 inhibitor or the triple combination of ONC201, EZH2i and HDACi in DMG, GBM, prostate cancer and SCLC cells for 72 hours, performed a CellTiterGlo assay and observed synergies. The effective combination index (CI) of ONC201 plus tazemetostat ranges 0.04-0.64 in SU-DIPG-25 and 0.55-0.84 in SU-DIPG-13 DMG cells. The effective CI of ONC206 plus tazemetostat and panobinostat ranges 0.27-0.77 in U251 GBM and 0.11-0.71 in SU-DIPG-13 DMG cells. The effective CI of ONC201 plus dual EZH1/2 inhibitor, valemetostat, ranges 0.44-0.89 in H1048 SCLC cells, 0.14-0.90 in LNCaP prostate cancer cells, and 0.13-0.79 in SNB19 GBM cells. The effective CI of ONC212 plus valemetostat ranges 0.33-0.83 in 22Rv1. The synergy in inducing apoptosis was demonstrated by immunoblotting of cleaved-PARP. We also observed that ONC201 or ONC206 inhibit neogenin which is associated with invasion of DMG in SU-DIPG-13 cells. We conclude that ONC201 inhibits EZH1/2 in tumor cells and also neogenin in DMG cells. Inhibition of these proteins may play roles in the anti-cancer effect of ONC201. The synergies between ONC201 and EZH1/2 or HDAC inhibitors provide clues for developing novel therapy for the mentioned tumors. Overexpression of EZH2 is in process to elucidate the role of EZH2 in the mechanism of the anti-cancer effect of ONC201. Citation Format: Yiqun Zhang, Wafik S. El-Deiry. Imipridones ONC201 and ONC206 reduce expression of neogenin and EZH1/2 which correlate with synergy following their combination with EZH1/2 or HDAC inhibitors in treatment of DMG and other tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 2671.

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Gusmão, Camilla Teixeira Pinheiro. "Evaluation of the effects of essential oils on the reduction of stress: a rapid narrative review." Brazilian Journal of Health Aromatherapy and Essential Oil 1, no. 1 (January 17, 2024): bjhae4. http://dx.doi.org/10.62435/2965-7253.bjhae.2024.bjhae4.

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The present narrative review focuses on exploring the role of essential oils as a significant intervention in stress management. Stress, defined as an adaptive response to challenging stimuli, manifests in various spheres, with its approach being essential for the preservation of physical and emotional well-being. Essential oils present themselves as bioactive agents whose impact occurs on the nervous system through olfactory and cutaneous pathways, directly influencing emotional processes, memories, mood, and behavior. Notable among these essential oils are lavender, chamomile, and bergamot, recognized for their anti-stress properties. The application of these essential oils, whether through inhalation or cutaneous administration, demonstrates efficacy in promoting beneficial physiological and psychological effects. Individualization of treatment is emphasized, considering synergies, affinities, and personal preferences. The diversity of products, including diffusers and creams, amplifies application options, offering a flexible and personalized approach. In the clinical realm, the inclusion of essential oils in the stress management protocol is supported by their ability to modulate emotional responses and promote states of relaxation. In summary, essential oils emerge as a prominent and customizable strategy in stress treatment, contributing significantly to the promotion of physical and emotional balance in individuals.

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Santos, Elisama Ribeiro dos. "Aromatherapy for Unifocal Alopecia Areata and Dermatitis: A Case Report." Brazilian Journal of Health Aromatherapy and Essential Oil 1, no. 1 (January 17, 2024): bjhae5. http://dx.doi.org/10.62435/2965-7253.bjhae.2024.bjhae5.

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Abstract:

The present narrative review focuses on exploring the role of essential oils as a significant intervention in stress management. Stress, defined as an adaptive response to challenging stimuli, manifests in various spheres, with its approach being essential for the preservation of physical and emotional well-being. Essential oils present themselves as bioactive agents whose impact occurs on the nervous system through olfactory and cutaneous pathways, directly influencing emotional processes, memories, mood, and behavior. Notable among these essential oils are lavender, chamomile, and bergamot, recognized for their anti-stress properties. The application of these essential oils, whether through inhalation or cutaneous administration, demonstrates efficacy in promoting beneficial physiological and psychological effects. Individualization of treatment is emphasized, considering synergies, affinities, and personal preferences. The diversity of products, including diffusers and creams, amplifies application options, offering a flexible and personalized approach. In the clinical realm, the inclusion of essential oils in the stress management protocol is supported by their ability to modulate emotional responses and promote states of relaxation. In summary, essential oils emerge as a prominent and customizable strategy in stress treatment, contributing significantly to the promotion of physical and emotional balance in individuals.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Anti-Synergies'

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