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Journal articles on the topic 'Anti-scaling'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 26 October 2024

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1

Lédion, J., C. Braham, and F. Hui. "Anti-scaling properties of copper." Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 51, no. 7 (November 2002): 389–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2002.0035.

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2

Felissia, Fernando E., Maria C. Area, Olga M. Barboza, and Dora I. Bengoechea. "Anti-scaling agents in kraft pulping." BioResources 2, no. 2 (May 4, 2007): 252–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.2.2.252-264.

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Scale formation in the digester during kraft pulping represents a great problem in pulp mills. Scaling reduces pulping control and efficiency, increasing energy costs and leading to cleaning breakdowns, with subsequent losses in productivity. The kraft process promotes CaCO3 scaling due to high calcium ion and carbonate concentrations, as well as high alkalinity and temperature levels, which increase the speed with which liquors reach a state of supersaturation. This work examines the action of diethylene triamine penta(methylene phosphonic acid) (DTPMPA), either alone or combined with commercial anti-scaling agents, as an inhibitor of calcium carbonate precipitation in the kraft pulping of Pinus taeda. The theoretical amount of calcium deposited in the digester was obtained by mass balance. Soluble calcium was stable throughout cooking when using the phosphonates alone or combined with anti-scaling agents. When adding only DTPMPA, calcium stays in the pulp, rather than forming deposits.

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3

Hu, Nan, Haichao Yang, Haitao Wei, and Wenjuan Li. "Research and test on anti-corrosion and anti-scaling technology of downhole injection tools of Dagang Southern Oil Field." E3S Web of Conferences 213 (2020): 03030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021303030.

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Every year, water well inspection operations accounted for 27.3% of the total water well operations due to corrosion and scaling of downhole injection tools in the Dagang Southern Oil Field, which seriously affects the validity period of the injection string and the effect of the injection, greatly increasing the production cost. Therefore, through the research and experiment of anti-corrosion and anti-scaling technologies such as 00Cr25Ni7Mo3N dual-phase steel material, TiN coating, Ni-W-P coating and Ni-W-P-nSiO2 composite coating, a new type of anti-corrosion and anti-scaling technology for downhole injectiong tools has been developed. The field test results show that under the premise of ensuring the mechanical performance of the tools, the average corrosion rate of the supporting tools using the new anti-corrosion and anti-scaling technology is 0.0048mm/a, which is far lower than the industry standard 0.076mm/a. The successful test of this technology is of great significance to increase the effective period of the southern oilfield split injection and reduce production costs.

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4

Qiu, Zheng Yang, Kui Qiu, and Zhi Qiang Wang. "Study on Anti-Scale Measures of Shaft in Shunan Gas Mine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 2902–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.2902.

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In order to put forward the Anti-scale measures of shaft in Shunan Gas Mine and guarantee the normal production of gas field,the composition as well as the water quality and scaling type for gas production water at the typical shaft mouth of Shunan Gas Mine are analyzed and the scaling mechanism of shaft and the influencing factors are described as well as the anti-scale agent and the solid anti-scale blocks pertaining to the scaling of shaft in Shunan Gas Mine are obtained.

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5

Han, Zhengwei, Zhihong Liu, Qin Zhang, and Yage Meng. "Anti-scaling study on phosphate rock flotation wastewater." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 101 (2018): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2018.21716.

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6

Saidov, Narzullo. "Scaling of the prospective anti-ulcer API synthesis." ScienceRise: Pharmaceutical Science, no. 2 (12) (April 19, 2018): 4–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2519-4852.2018.128885.

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7

Lütken, C. A., and G. G. Ross. "Anti-holomorphic scaling in the quantum Hall system." Physics Letters A 356, no. 4-5 (August 2006): 382–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2006.03.075.

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8

Vestergaard, J. B. "Test method for evaluation of anti-scale devices for cooling condensers." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 2 (January 1, 2004): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0114.

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Can new types of anti-scaling devices prevent scaling on condensing pipes in industrial cooling condensers and supersede conventional water treatment? To examine this question a test method has been developed, test rigs have been built and different kinds of anti-scale devices have been tested. As cooling towers are based on an open-air system with evaporation of water they will have higher demands on the effectiveness of the anti-scale devices compared to the closed systems which are typical drinking water systems in buildings. The test method is based on an open-air system. The rigs are mobile and can be used to give an indication of whether it is possible to treat the local water with an anti-scale device. The result of the test is a scaling rate and a germination time. In addition to these tests the anti-scale devices have been tested in the field at cooling condensers.

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9

Zhang, Kunfei, Fengjiang Chen, Jian Han, Tian Tian, Yunhan Jin, Zhixuan Zhang, and Jianxin Chen. "Evaluation of Arginine‐Modified Polyepoxysuccinic Acid as Anti‐scaling and Anti‐corrosion Agent." Chemical Engineering & Technology 44, no. 6 (May 6, 2021): 1131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.202000576.

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10

Zhu, Mingliang, Ruixia Yuan, Chijia Wang, Qinghe Gao, Huaiyuan Wang, and Huijuan Qian. "Fabrication and performance study of a superhydrophobic anti-scaling and anti-corrosion coating." Applied Surface Science 615 (April 2023): 156287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2022.156287.

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11

Wang, Yubin, Xinyu Mao, Wei Xiao, and Wangbo Wang. "The Influence Mechanism of Magnesium Ions on the Morphology and Crystal Structure of Magnetized Anti-Scaling Products." Minerals 10, no. 11 (November 10, 2020): 997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min10110997.

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Magnetization technology has been widely used in various transportation pipeline anti-scaling and descaling processes due to its simple equipment, low operating cost and low secondary pollution. To resolve structural pipeline issues in concentrations, the effects of magnesium salt concentration on conductivity, pH value and calcium ion concentration of a magnetized calcium chloride sodium bicarbonate mixed solution were studied. The results indicated that 4.0% MgSO4 had the greatest anti-scaling effect under dynamic water conditions, which increased the calcium concentration of the mixed solution by 5.93%. Furthermore, the synergistic effects of 5.0% magnesium carbonate on the scaling of calcium carbonate were the largest, which reduced the calcium concentration of the mixed solution by 22.19%. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Raman spectra showed that magnesium carbonate reduced the effects of magnetization because it inhibited the formation of vaterite-type calcium carbonate and promoted the formation of calcite-type calcium carbonate. Magnesium sulfate can improve the anti-scaling effects of magnetization because it promotes the formation of vaterite calcium carbonate with high solubility. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the scaling process and dissolution behavior regulation of calcium carbonate and have an important reference significance for scale prevention and scale removal in concentrator pipelines.

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12

Han, Chunjie, Yuansong Tong, Mingming Chen, Sheng Wang, and Tianshu Fu. "The Research on Anti-scaling Based on Electromagnetic Fields." Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 7, no. 20 (May 20, 2014): 4196–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/rjaset.7.788.

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13

Liao, Xiangjun, Pan Dai, Yuqi Wang, Xiaocheng Zhang, Yuan Liao, Xiaofei You, and Abdul Ghani Razaqpur. "Engineering anti-scaling superhydrophobic membranes for photothermal membrane distillation." Journal of Membrane Science 650 (May 2022): 120423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120423.

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14

Liu, Yu-Jing, Yan-Nan Lu, Dong-Qing Liang, Yin-Shuang Hu, and Yu-Xi Huang. "Multi-Layered Branched Surface Fluorination on PVDF Membrane for Anti-Scaling Membrane Distillation." Membranes 12, no. 8 (July 29, 2022): 743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12080743.

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Membrane distillation (MD) has emerged as a promising technology for hypersaline wastewater treatment. However, membrane scaling is still a critical issue for common hydrophobic MD membranes. Herein, we report a multi-layered surface modification strategy on the commercial polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane via plasma treatment and surface fluorination cycles. The repeated plasma treatment process generates more reaction sites for the fluorination reaction, leading to higher fluorination density and more branched structures. MD tests with CaSO4 as the scaling agent show that the modification strategy mentioned above improves the membrane scaling resistance. Notably, the PVDF membrane treated with three cycles of plasma and fluorination treatments exhibits the best anti-scaling performance while maintaining almost the same membrane flux as the unmodified PVDF membrane. This study suggests that a highly branched surface molecular structure with low surface energy benefits the MD process in both membrane flux and scaling resistance. Besides, our research demonstrates a universal and facile approach for membrane treatment to improve membrane scaling resistance.

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15

Yu, Lan Lan, Xu Rui Sun, Bao Hui Wang, and Liang Lei. "The Influencing Factors of CaCO₃ Scaling in Oilfield." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 1230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.1230.

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For the problem of serious scaling in Daqing oilfield, using XRD and SEM to detect the scale sample, investigating the influences of concentration of NaCl, KCl, Mg2+ and temperature on the solubility of CaCO3, and analyzing these factors on the rule of influence on CaCO3 scaling. According to the field test, the curve of solubility of CaCO3 in every conditions was drawed, and study the effect of ultrasonic technique to CaCO3 scaling. Results indicated that the scaling in oilfield is mainly CaCO3, temperature is an important factor to affect CaCO3 scaling, NaCl、KCl and Mg2+ have a certain effect on CaCO3 solubility, and the ultrasonic can achieve the purpose of anti-scaling.

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16

Bai, Zhongteng, Yanqiu Wang, Mingjun Shan, Yanli Lv, Guangcai Meng, Siwei Zhu, and Dawei Pan. "Study on anti-scaling of landfill leachate treated by evaporation method." Water Science and Technology 84, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 122–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.210.

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Abstract In the mechanical vapor recompression (MVR) treatment of landfill leachate, scaling in the evaporator and heat exchanger poses a serious problem. This study explored the reasons for such scaling and proposed acid or ion-exchange pre-treatments to reduce the alkalinity of the landfill leachate nanofiltration concentrate (LLNC) to prevent scaling. The feasibility of these two methods was evaluated and the technical and economic parameters for application were obtained via experiments. A large amount of HCO3- in the LLNC was the main cause of scaling. The acid addition experiment and field application demonstrated that this method could prevent fouling problems. The cost of acid addition was USD 0.18/t. LLNC pre-treatment by ion-exchange showed that a weakly acidic cation-exchange resin performed better than a strongly acidic cation-exchange resin did. The amount of solid residue under an alkalinity of 0 mg/L could be decreased by 92.9% compared with that of raw LLNC during evaporation. Both methods could alleviate scaling and enable the wide application of the MVR evaporation process in landfill leachate treatment.

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17

Jetti, Yaswanth, and Martin Ostoja-Starzewski. "Scaling in Anti-Plane Elasticity on Random Shear Modulus Fields with Fractal and Hurst Effects." Fractal and Fractional 5, no. 4 (December 4, 2021): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract5040255.

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The scale dependence of the effective anti-plane shear modulus response in microstructures with statistical ergodicity and spatial wide-sense stationarity is investigated. In particular, Cauchy and Dagum autocorrelation functions which can decouple the fractal and the Hurst effects are used to describe the random shear modulus fields. The resulting stochastic boundary value problems (BVPs) are set up in line with the Hill–Mandel condition of elastostatics for different sizes of statistical volume elements (SVEs). These BVPs are solved using a physics-based cellular automaton (CA) method that is applicable for anti-plane elasticity to study the scaling of SVEs towards a representative volume element (RVE). This progression from SVE to RVE is described through a scaling function, which is best approximated by the same form as the Cauchy and Dagum autocorrelation functions. The scaling function is obtained by fitting the scaling data from simulations conducted over a large number of random field realizations. The numerical simulation results show that the scaling function is strongly dependent on the fractal dimension D, the Hurst parameter H, and the mesoscale δ, and is weakly dependent on the autocorrelation function. Specifically, it is found that a larger D and a smaller H results in a higher rate of convergence towards an RVE with respect to δ.

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18

Deng, Xiaoguo, Tongwei Dou, Jie Fu, Heng Li, Pixiang He, Junfeng Zhao, Xiaomei Cao, et al. "Research on the Water Injection Pressure Reducing and Increasing Injection System for Low Permeability Reservoirs in Fushan Oilfield." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2706, no. 1 (February 1, 2024): 012036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2706/1/012036.

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Abstract In response to the problems of increased injection pressure, decreased injection volume, and stopped injection caused by scaling and impurity blockage during the water injection process in the low permeability reservoir of HuaX block in Fushan Oilfield, water quality analysis and scaling experiments were conducted on the injected water in the block to determine the cause of scaling. Secondly, core displacement damage experiments were conducted using natural rock cores and on-site injected water to determine the degree of permeability damage during the water injection process, with a permeability damage rate greater than 70%, Finally, based on the causes of scaling and core displacement experiments, scale inhibitors, anti expansion agents, and surfactants were selected. Through orthogonal experiments, the optimal system formula was determined. The scale inhibition rate was greater than 90%, the anti expansion agent was greater than 90%, and the interfacial tension was less than 0.01mN/m. Core displacement experiments showed that the permeability damage rate of the system to the core was less than 15%, which can achieve the effect of reducing pressure and increasing injection in water injection wells.

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19

Singhatanadgid, Pairod, and Variddhi Ungbhakorn. "Scaling laws for vibration response of anti-symmetrically laminated plates." Structural Engineering and Mechanics 14, no. 3 (September 25, 2002): 345–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sem.2002.14.3.345.

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20

Liang, Ling Xun. "Synthesis and Application of High Temperature Resistance Starch Graft Copolymer Inhibitor." Advanced Materials Research 821-822 (September 2013): 990–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.821-822.990.

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The new high temperature resistance graft copolymer inhibitor based on starch and acrylic acid, 2-acrylamide-2-methyl propane sulfonic acid by solution polymerization reaction with self-made initiator. Laboratory evaluation experiment shows that a new scale inhibitor still has better effect， anti-scaling rate is 85.21%. The field test show that the dosage is 500ppm, the new high temperature resistance starch graft copolymer inhibitor by single well dosing, to solve problems of Xing-buried hills block and pipeline scaling and downhole ESP scaling.

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21

Zhao, Ju-Dong, Zhi-An Liu, and Er-Jun Zhao. "Combined effect of constant high voltage electrostatic field and variable frequency pulsed electromagnetic field on the morphology of calcium carbonate scale in circulating cooling water systems." Water Science and Technology 70, no. 6 (August 4, 2014): 1074–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.337.

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Research on scale inhibition is of importance to improve the heat transfer efficiency of heat exchangers. The combined effect of high voltage electrostatic and variable frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields on calcium carbonate precipitation was investigated, both theoretically and experimentally. Using energy dispersive spectrum analysis, the predominant phase was found to be CaCO3. The formed crystal phases mainly consist of calcite and aragonite, which is, in part, verified by theory. The results indicate that the setting of water flow velocity, and high voltage electrostatic and variable frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields is very important. Favorable values of these parameters can have a significant anti-scaling effect, with 68.95% of anti-scaling ratio for scale sample 13, while unfavorable values do not affect scale inhibition, but rather promoted fouling, such as scale sample 6. By using scanning electron microscopy analysis, when the anti-scaling ratio is positive, the particle size of scale was found to become smaller than that of untreated sample and the morphology became loose. The X-ray diffraction results verify that the good combined effect favors the appearance and growth of aragonite and restrains its transition to calcite. The mechanism for scale reduction is discussed.

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22

Li, Shuangyang, Feng Zhao, Yunpeng Bai, Zhanpeng Ye, Zujian Feng, Xiang Liu, Shangdong Gao, et al. "Slippery liquid-infused microphase separation surface enables highly robust anti-fouling, anti-corrosion, anti-icing and anti-scaling coating on diverse substrates." Chemical Engineering Journal 431 (March 2022): 133945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.133945.

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23

Borlaff, Alejandro, M. Carmen Eliche-Moral, John Beckman, Pablo G. Pérez-González, and Joan Font. "Evolution of the anti-truncated stellar profiles of S0 galaxies since z=0.6 in the SHARDS survey." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 11, S321 (March 2016): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921316009224.

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AbstractLenticular galaxies (S0s) are more likely to host anti-truncated (Type III) stellar discs than galaxies of later Hubble types. Previous work on Type-III S0s at z = 0 revealed that the characteristic parameters of the breaks obey tight scaling relations (Borlaff et al. 2014). These relation are similar in both S0’s and spirals, in optical and NIR, and for barred and non-barred galaxies (Eliche-Moral et al. 2015). We have analysed 3DHST images (Brammer et al. 2012) of S0 galaxies from the SHARDS survey (Pérez-González et al. 2013) in order to investigate if E/S0 and S0 galaxies with anti-truncated stellar profiles up to z ~ 0.6 follow similar scaling relations compared to the local sample. We find that the characteristic photometric parameters of Type-III S0s at 0.4 < z < 0.6 obey analogous scaling relations to those observed in their local counterparts, lying on top of the extrapolations of the local trends towards brighter magnitudes in several photometric diagrams and sharing similar trends and values in the hi – RbrkIII, ho – RbrkIII and hi – ho diagrams. We have measured the offsets in magnitudes between two subsets of the z ~ 0.5 and z = 0 samples with similar masses (log 10M/M⊙ ~ 10.7). The median offsets are: ΔμbrkIII = − 2.23+0.46−0.62, Δμ0, i = − 2.61+0.31−0.26 and Δμ0, o = − 2.31+0.57−0.78 mag arcsec-2. We find that PSF corrections in our images do not significantly affect the scaling relations obtained in our 0.2 < z < 0.6 sample. In conclusion, the existence of similar scaling relations in Type-III S0 discs since z ~ 0.6 implies that the structures of the inner and outer discs in anti-truncated S0s have been similarly linked in the last ~ 6 Gyr, posing strong constraints to the processes proposed to explain their formation.

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24

UNGBHAKORN, VARIDDHI, and NUTTAWIT WATTANASAKULPONG. "STRUCTURAL SIMILITUDE AND SCALING LAWS OF ANTI-SYMMETRIC CROSS-PLY LAMINATED CYLINDRICAL SHELLS FOR BUCKLING AND VIBRATION EXPERIMENTS." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 07, no. 04 (December 2007): 609–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455407002459.

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Developed herein are the scaling laws for physical modeling of anti-symmetric cross-ply laminated circular cylindrical shells for buckling and free vibration experiments. In the absence of experimental data, the validity of the scaling laws is verified by numerical experiments. This is accomplished by calculating theoretically the buckling loads and fundamental frequencies of the model and substituting into the scaling laws to obtain the corresponding values of the prototype. The predicted values of the prototype from the scaling laws are then compared with existing closed-form solutions. Examples for the complete similitude cases with various stacking sequences, number of plies, and length-to-radius ratios show exact agreement. The derived relationships between the model and prototype will greatly facilitate and reduce the need for costly experiments. In reality, either due to the complexity of the scaling laws or to economize experimental cost and time, it may not be feasible to construct the model to fulfil the scaling laws completely. Thus, several possible models of partial similitude are investigated numerically. These include models with distortion in laminated material properties, stacking sequences and number of plies. Model with distortion in material properties yields a high percentage of discrepancy and is not recommended.

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25

Hou, Xiangyu, Chunlian Jiao, Zhendong Cui, Xiaofang Zhao, Ran Tao, Shuangxi Yang, Xu Xu, and Jianhua Yin. "An Efficient Phosphorus-Free Inhibitor for both Anti-corrosion and Anti-scaling in Circulation Cooling Systems." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 11 (August 23, 2022): 158–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v11i.1363.

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Properties and mechanism of a non-phosphorus inhibitor were studied, in the simulate condition of a circulation cooling system. The inhibitor enable control the corrosion of system containing both carbon steel and copper alloy, which is similar to a real circulation cooling system. Studies showed that the inhibitor showed excellently corrosion inhibition properties and protect metals well. Scale inhibition experiment showed that the rate of scale inhibition could reach up to 98%. Therefore, the environment-friendly inhibitor is an efficiency inhibitor and could control both corrosion and scaling for the circulation cooling conditions.

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26

Sun, Mo Jie, Peng Wang, Chun Guang Liu, Yu Han Shan, Chun Biao Zhang, and Ming Cheng. "Dynamic Simulation Study on Anti-Scaling Corrosion Inhibitors of Circulating Cooling Water for Thermal Power Plants." Advanced Materials Research 441 (January 2012): 772–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.441.772.

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In order to choose one elixir from three anti-scaling inhibitors A, B and C that most suits for the circulating cooling water in thermal power plants under certain water condition, we used the dynamic simulation test method in this paper. Under high concentration rate (4.0), we comprehensively analyzed the three elixirs from the factors of their anti-scaling, corrosion and economical performances. According to the results, it was confirmed that elixir B displayed the relevant good properties for the water condition of the power plant. Meantime, the elixir components of the three elixirs were analyzed, and the results showed that all the indexes of them were in conformity with the national standards.

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27

Hao, Zhan, Song Zhao, Qinghua Li, Yi Wang, Jun Zhang, Zhi Wang, and Jixiao Wang. "Reverse osmosis membranes with sulfonate and phosphate groups having excellent anti- scaling and anti-fouling properties." Desalination 509 (August 2021): 115076. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2021.115076.

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28

Wu, Xian, Pengfei Li, Zhimeng Zhao, Chen Yang, Lin Su, and Shanlin Wang. "A universal strategy to prepare hot liquid super-repellent surfaces for anti-scalding and anti-scaling." Chemical Engineering Journal 441 (August 2022): 136044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.136044.

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29

Chen, Yuanmiaoliang, Kang Jia Lu, and Tai-Shung Chung. "An omniphobic slippery membrane with simultaneous anti-wetting and anti-scaling properties for robust membrane distillation." Journal of Membrane Science 595 (February 2020): 117572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117572.

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30

Dong, Yuning. "Analysis on anti-corrosion and anti-scaling technology of water injection well in oil production plant." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 514 (July 3, 2020): 022005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/514/2/022005.

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31

Jiang, Jingjing, Rui Fan, Linfeng Li, Yongfan Tang, Jing Yan, and Lihua Huang. "Time dependent anti-corrosion and anti-scaling efficiency of polyepoxysuccinic acid inhibitor in simulated hard water." Materials Chemistry and Physics 328 (December 2024): 129951. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2024.129951.

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32

Kim, Wook-Joong, Nam-Ho Hur, and Jin-Woong Kim. "Geometric analysis and anti-aliasing filter for stereoscopic 3D image scaling." Journal of Broadcast Engineering 14, no. 5 (September 30, 2009): 638–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2009.14.5.638.

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33

Shangji, Zheng. "Study on Anti-scaling Measures in Pipelines of Geothermal Power Station." Science Discovery 5, no. 7 (2017): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.sd.20170507.22.

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34

Jiang, Wen Bin, Qing Li, and Xiong Li. "The Development of a New Electromagnetic Field Generator for Anti-Scaling." Applied Mechanics and Materials 105-107 (September 2011): 2162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.105-107.2162.

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Scaling exists commonly and its harm is huge. Because of this, design an amplitude-modulating electromagnetic field generator. The drive signal is obtained by amplitude modulation and power amplification. Generate two sine signals by the wien bridge and make the two signals through the MC1496 multiplier, the carrier’s amplitude changes with the modulator’s rule. And the frequency of carrier and modulator could be changed with the adjustment of the Oscillation resistance. Then, make use of D class amplifier TDA8920BTH to enlarge the power of modulated signal. At last, load the drive signal on a ferrite of magnetic coil to gain an electromagnetic field whose strength is modulated. Differ from the ordinary form of winding pipe with wire line, this design is making the magnetic coil close to a pipe. That’s more convenient for installing and removing. Of course, the concrete effect of descaling is needed to test by further experiments.

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35

Park, D. H. "Scaling arguments and scalar hairs in asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetime." Classical and Quantum Gravity 25, no. 9 (April 15, 2008): 095002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/25/9/095002.

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36

Prakasam, Vittal, Daniel Tordera, Francesco Di Giacomo, Robert Abbel, Arjan Langen, Gerwin Gelinck, and Henk J. Bolink. "Large area perovskite light-emitting diodes by gas-assisted crystallization." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 7, no. 13 (2019): 3795–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8tc06482b.

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37

Mirawati, Ellis, Ernie Thioritz, and Haryuasrani. "Penggunaan Obat Kumur Larutan Lidah Buaya (Aloe vera) pada Penyembuhan Luka Pasca Scaling." Media Kesehatan Gigi : Politeknik Kesehatan Makassar 22, no. 1 (June 14, 2023): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32382/mkg.v22i1.22.

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Pada Tindakan scaling sering memberikan tekanan pada gusi yang menyebabkan luka dengan keluhan seperti rasa ngilu, gusi bengkak (gingivitis), warna merah terang, sensitif dan mudah berdarah. Pasca scaling pasien akan diberi obat kumur agar gusi kembali sehat. Obat kumur yang mengandung zat anti mikroba dapat digolongkan menjadi dua yaitu yang zat aktifnya berasal dari tumbuh-tumbuhan dan berbahan kimiawi. Penggunaan obat kumur kimiawi jangka panjang dapat mengakibatkan sejumlah efek samping dan harganya yang mahal, sehingga penggunaan bahan herbal menjadi alternatif dalam pengobatan rongga mulut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek berkumur dengan larutan lidah buaya (Aloe vera) dalam mempercepat penyembuhan luka pasca scaling. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Jumlah sampel 30 orang, 15 orang berkumur dengan larutan Aloe vera dan 15 orang berkumur air mineral. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan berkumur menggunakan lidah buaya dapat mempercepat proses penyembuhan luka pasca scaling dibandingkan hanya berkumur dengan air saja. Kata kunci : Lidah buaya; luka; scaling

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Oğuz, Erdal C., Joshua E. S. Socolar, Paul J. Steinhardt, and Salvatore Torquato. "Hyperuniformity and anti-hyperuniformity in one-dimensional substitution tilings." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 75, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273318015528.

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This work considers the scaling properties characterizing the hyperuniformity (or anti-hyperuniformity) of long-wavelength fluctuations in a broad class of one-dimensional substitution tilings. A simple argument is presented which predicts the exponent α governing the scaling of Fourier intensities at small wavenumbers, tilings with α > 0 being hyperuniform, and numerical computations confirm that the predictions are accurate for quasiperiodic tilings, tilings with singular continuous spectra and limit-periodic tilings. Quasiperiodic or singular continuous cases can be constructed with α arbitrarily close to any given value between −1 and 3. Limit-periodic tilings can be constructed with α between −1 and 1 or with Fourier intensities that approach zero faster than any power law.

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Deka, Bhaskar Jyoti, Jiaxin Guo, and Alicia Kyoungjin An. "Robust dual-layered omniphobic electrospun membrane with anti-wetting and anti-scaling functionalised for membrane distillation application." Journal of Membrane Science 624 (April 2021): 119089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119089.

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Xie, Songchen, Zhiguang Pang, Chunguang Hou, Ngie Hing Wong, Jaka Sunarso, and Yuelian Peng. "One-step preparation of omniphobic membrane with concurrent anti-scaling and anti-wetting properties for membrane distillation." Journal of Membrane Science 660 (October 2022): 120846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120846.

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Semiat, R., D. Hasson, G. Zelmanov, and I. Hemo. "Threshold scaling limits of RO concentrates flowing in a long waste disposal pipeline." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 2 (January 1, 2004): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0126.

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Disposal of RO concentrates emanating from inland brackish water desalination plants presents a difficult environmental problem. The solution adopted by Mekorot - the National Water Company of Israel - is to construct a 30 km waste disposal pipeline for collecting concentrates emanating from several RO desalination plants and discharging them into the sea. The discharged concentrates are highly supersaturated with respect to CaCO3. Scale precipitation during concentrate flow through the RO module is inhibited by the presence of anti-scalants. The retention time of the concentrate solution in the discharge pipe will exceed 100 hours. This raises the issue of the risk of scale precipitation in the discharge pipe that could impair its proper functioning. The aim of the present study was to provide data for guiding the design and operation of the disposal pipeline. The extent of the induction period prior to the onset of precipitation was measured in a pilot plant simulating flow of concentrate solutions dosed with anti-scalants. The parameters investigated were the scaling potential, the anti-scalant concentration and the presence of a mixture of several anti-scalants. The results of this study provide threshold scaling limits under various conditions.

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ZBOROVSKÝ, I., and M. V. TOKAREV. "NEW PROPERTIES OF z-SCALING: FLAVOR INDEPENDENCE AND SATURATION AT LOW z." International Journal of Modern Physics A 24, no. 07 (March 20, 2009): 1417–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x09042992.

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Experimental data on inclusive cross-sections of particles produced in high energy proton–(anti)proton collisions at ISR, RHIC and Tevatron are analyzed in the framework of z-scaling. New features of the scaling function ψ(z) are established. These are flavor independence of ψ(z) including particles with heavy flavor content and saturation at low z. The flavor independence means that the shape of the scaling function ψ(z) is the same for different hadron species. The saturation corresponds to flattening of ψ(z) for z < 0.1. Relations of model parameters used in data z-presentation with some thermodynamical quantities (entropy, specific heat, temperature) are discussed. It is shown that behavior of the particle spectra at low z is controlled by a parameter c interpreted as a specific heat of the created medium associated with production of the inclusive particle. The saturation regime of ψ(z) observed at low z is assumed to be preferable in searching for phase transitions of hadron matter and for study of nonperturbative QCD in high energy proton–(anti)proton collisions at U70, RHIC, Tevatron and LHC.

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Huang, Jingjing, and Pengjian Shang. "Fourier Filtering for Minimizing the Periodic Trend Effects on Multifractal Diffusion Entropy Analysis." Fluctuation and Noise Letters 13, no. 02 (June 2014): 1450010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219477514500102.

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This paper introduces a generalized diffusion entropy analysis method to analyze long-range correlation, then applies this method to stock volatility series, traffic congestion index and daily average temperature series of Beijing. The method uses the techniques of diffusion process and Rényi entropy to focus on the scaling behaviors of regular and extreme volatility of time series. However, crossovers arising from the extrinsic periodic trend make the scaling behavior difficult to analyze. Periodic trend is found to deeply affect correlation, as series present obscure scaling behavior while exhibiting obvious scaling behavior after the trend is removed. We introduce Fourier filtering method to eliminate the trend effects and systematically investigate the multifractal long-range correlation of traffic congestion index and daily average temperature series. For daily average temperature series of Beijing, regular volatility and extreme volatility both exhibit long-range persistence. For traffic congestion index series of Beijing, regular volatility exhibits un-correlation or short correlation, while extreme volatility reveals anti-persistence.

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Li, Min, Rui Zhao, Sude Ma, and Tianxue Yang. "Scale Deposition Inhibiting Composites by HDPE/Silicified Acrylate Polymer/Nano-Silica for Landfill Leachate Piping." Materials 13, no. 16 (August 7, 2020): 3497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13163497.

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Scaling commonly occurs at pipe wall during landfill leachate collection and transportation, which may give rise to pipe rupture, thus posing harm to public health and environment. To prevent scaling, this study prepared a low surface energy nanocomposite by incorporating silicone-acrylate polymer and hydrophobically modified nano-SiO2 into the high-density polyethylene (HDPE) substrate. Through the characterization of contact angle, scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetry, the results showed that the prepared composite has low wettability and surface free energy, excellent thermal stability and acid-base resistance. In addition, the prepared composite was compared with the commercial HDPE pipe material regarding their performance on anti-scaling by using an immersion test that places their samples into a simulated landfill leachate. It was apparent that the prepared composite shows better scaling resistance. The study further expects to provide insight into pipe materials design and manufacture, thus to improve landfill leachate collection and transportation.

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Arkhangelsky, Elizabeth, Filicia Wicaksana, and Rong Wang. "Anti-scaling and water flux enhancing effect of alginate in membrane distillation." Desalination 514 (October 2021): 115155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2021.115155.

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Eliche-Moral, M. Carmen, Alejandro Borlaff, John E. Beckman, and Leonel Gutiérrez. "Photometric scaling relations of anti-truncated stellar discs in S0-Scd galaxies." Astronomy & Astrophysics 580 (July 23, 2015): A33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201424692.

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Hater, Wolfgang, Christian zum Kolk, Gerd Braun, and Jolanthe Jaworski. "The performance of anti-scalants on silica-scaling in reverse osmosis plants." Desalination and Water Treatment 51, no. 4-6 (January 2013): 908–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2012.694221.

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Yin, Xiaoli, Sirong Yu, Xiaojian Bi, Enyang Liu, and Yan Zhao. "Robust superhydrophobic 1D Ni3S2 nanorods coating for self-cleaning and anti-scaling." Ceramics International 45, no. 18 (December 2019): 24618–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2019.08.192.

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Lee, Somin, Hee-Jun Kim, Miao Tian, Gilson Khang, Hyun-Woo Kim, Tae-Hyun Bae, and Jaewoo Lee. "Silk fibroin-coated polyamide thin-film composite membranes with anti-scaling properties." Desalination 546 (January 2023): 116195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2022.116195.

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Tatematsu, Masato. "Anti-Scaling Technique of Black Liquor Evaporator Using High Power Ultrasonic Technology." JAPAN TAPPI JOURNAL 78, no. 5 (2024): 407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2524/jtappij.78.407.

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