Academic literature on the topic 'Anti-Sars-Cov-2'
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Journal articles on the topic "Anti-Sars-Cov-2"
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Lippi, Giuseppe, Gian Luca Salvagno, Brandon M. Henry, Laura Pighi, Simone De Nitto, and Gianluca Gianfilippi. "Comparative longitudinal variation of total IgG and IgA anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in recipients of BNT162b2 vaccination." Advances in Laboratory Medicine / Avances en Medicina de Laboratorio 3, no. 1 (December 20, 2021): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/almed-2021-0086.
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Abstract Objectives This article aims to summarize the 6-month variation of a vast array of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in recipients of BNT162b2 mRNA-based vaccination. Methods The study population consisted of 84 baseline SARS-CoV-2 seronegative healthcare employees (median age 45 years, 53.6% females), receiving mRNA-based BNT162b2 primary vaccination cycle. Blood was collected before the first and second BNT162b2 vaccine doses, as well as 1, 3 and 6 months afterwards. The serum titers of the following anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were assayed: total anti-RBD (receptor binding domain), anti-spike trimeric IgG, anti-RBD IgG and anti-spike S1 IgA. Results All antibodies’ levels peaked 1 month after vaccination, but then displayed a considerable decrease. The median rates of 6-month decline were −95% for IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD, −85% for IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 trimeric spike, −73% for IgA anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1 and −56% for total anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibodies, respectively. The median time of seronegativization was estimated at 579 days for total anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibodies, 271 days for IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 trimeric spike, 264 days for IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD and 208 days for IgA anti-SARS-CoV-2 S1, respectively. The rate of seropositive subjects declined from 98–100% at the peak to 50–100% after 6 months. The inter-individual variation of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies reduction at 6 months was 3–44% from the peak. Conclusions The results of this longitudinal serosurvey demonstrate that the titer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies declined 6 months after BNT162b2 vaccination, with median time of IgG/IgA seronegativization estimated between 7 and 9 months, thus supporting the opportunity of administering vaccine boosters approximately 5 to 6 months after the last dose of the primary vaccination cycle.
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Geanes, Eric S., and Todd Bradley. "Differences between autoantibodies induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection and Pfizer-BioNTech SARS-CoV-2 vaccination." Journal of Immunology 208, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2022): 65.15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.65.15.
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Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can induce severe disease and lead to hospitalization and/or death in some subpopulations of patients. The underlying mechanisms of disease severity between individuals remain unclear. Recently, autoantibodies have been detected after severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, including anti-idiotypic IgM antibodies targeting ACE2, the receptor for SARS-CoV-2. In this study, we examined autoantibody differences within hospitalized patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection (seropositive), and individuals with no previous exposure to SARS-CoV-2 (seronegative). An autoantibody multiplex panel was run on serum collected from seropositive and seronegative individuals before vaccination and at 7 weeks after two doses of vaccine. Anti-ACE2 antibodies were measured for these samples in addition to serum collected from hospitalized individuals with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Severe SARS-CoV-2 infection resulted in elevated anti-ACE2 IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies compared to all vaccine groups. Seropositive samples resulted in significantly higher anti-ACE2 IgG after vaccination, and significantly higher IgA and IgM antibodies before vaccination compared to seronegative samples. ACE2 inhibition was measured for samples with measurable anti-ACE2 IgG to determine if anti-ACE2 autoantibodies were affecting ACE2 function. The findings of this study elucidate severe SARS-CoV-2 infection results in higher IgG, IgA, and IgM anti-ACE2 antibodies compared to non-hospitalized SARS-CoV-2 infection and SARS-CoV-2 naïve individuals and in turn may provide future novel identifiers for SARS-CoV-2 disease severity. Supported by funds provided by the Children's Mercy Research Institute
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Germer, Matthias, Viola Marschall, Veit Braun, Jörg Schüttrumpf, and Matthias Germer. "Rising anti-SARS-CoV-2 titer in a human immunoglobulin preparation." International Journal of Blood Transfusion and Immunohematology 13, no. 1 (April 17, 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5348/100076z02ch2023ra.
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Aims: To assess potential changes of pharmacological activities of a novel normal immunoglobulin for intravenous administration from pooled normal plasma (IVIG). Methods: We assessed the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the level and activity of pathogen-specific antibodies in IVIG batches produced before and during the pandemic. Antibody levels were determined by immunoassays. The functional activity of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was determined by in vitro neutralization. Results: In the IVIG, the antibody titer against bacteria, different viruses and a fungus were found to be in a defined range, whereas titers to common pathogens remained consistent over time, the level of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 have increased within two years after onset of the pandemic to levels comparable to a hyperimmunoglobulin preparation. These antibodies could neutralize SARS-CoV-2 and cross-react with other coronaviruses. Conclusion: Increasing titers of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies might be beneficial for special vulnerable patient groups.
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Herroelen, Pauline H., Geert A. Martens, Dieter De Smet, Koen Swaerts, and An-Sofie Decavele. "Humoral Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2." American Journal of Clinical Pathology 154, no. 5 (August 18, 2020): 610–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqaa140.
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Abstract Objectives Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) serology tests are clinically useful to document prior SARS-CoV-2 infections. Data are urgently needed to select assays with optimal sensitivity at acceptable specificity for antibody detection. Methods A comparative evaluation was performed of 7 commercial SARS-CoV-2 serology assays on 171 sera from 135 subjects with polymerase chain reaction–confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection (71 hospitalized patients and 64 paucisymptomatic individuals). Kinetics of IgA/IgM/IgG seroconversion to viral N and S protein epitopes were studied from 0 to 54 days after onset of symptoms. Cross-reactivity was verified on 57 prepandemic samples. Results Wantai SARS-COV-2 Ab ELISA and Orient Gene COVID-19 IgG/IgM Rapid Test showed superior overall sensitivity for detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay and EUROIMMUN Anti-SARS-CoV-2 combined IgG/IgA showed acceptable sensitivity (>95%) vs the consensus result of all assays from 10 days post onset of symptoms. Wantai SARS-COV-2 Ab ELISA, Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assay, and Innovita 2019-nCoV Ab rapid test showed least cross-reactivity, resulting in an optimal analytical specificity greater than 98%. Conclusions Wantai SARS-COV-2 Ab ELISA and Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 assays are suitable for sensitive and specific detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from 10 days after onset of symptoms.
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Furukawa, Hiroshi, Shomi Oka, Takashi Higuchi, Miho Yamaguchi, Shota Uchiyama, Tomohiro Koiwa, Moriyuki Nakama, Masaaki Minegishi, Hideaki Nagai, and Shigeto Tohma. "Detection of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid and Spike Antibodies in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Japan." Clinical Medicine Insights: Circulatory, Respiratory and Pulmonary Medicine 16 (January 2022): 117954842210754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/11795484221075492.
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OBJECTIVES Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Serological testing for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) antibodies (Abs) and anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) Abs is performed to detect prior COVID-19 infection. It is still controversial which antibodies are the most sensitive and specific, and which can be detected earliest after infection. Here, we evaluated the results of serological tests of anti-SARS-CoV-2 N and S Abs in Japan. METHODS Symptomatic COVID-19 patients (n = 84) and control patients with rheumatoid arthritis (n = 93) were recruited at Tokyo National Hospital. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 N and S Abs were measured by commercial electrochemiluminescence immunoassays. RESULTS The fraction of patients positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 N and S Abs was highest >14 days after symptom onset. The frequency of anti-SARS-CoV-2 S Ab positivity at this time (80.4%) tended to be slightly but not significantly lower than anti-SARS-CoV-2 N Ab positivity (84.8%). Optimized cut-off levels for anti-SARS-CoV-2 N and S Ab positivity were lower than the manufacturer's recommended cut-off levels. Using multiple linear regression analyzes with anti-SARS-CoV-2 N and S Abs, we created an Ab-index with high sensitivity. CONCLUSION To increase the sensitivity of serological diagnostic tests for COVID-19, it is suggested that both anti-SARS-CoV-2 N and S Abs should be measured and cut-off levels decreased.
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Siddi, Mariana, Paolo Molinari, Carlo Maria Alfieri, Marianna Tangredi, Giovanna Lunghi, Elisa Colombo, Sara Uceda Renteria, et al. "Prevalence and Risk Factors for Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibody in Chronic Kidney Disease (Dialysis Independent and Not)." Pathogens 11, no. 5 (May 12, 2022): 572. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11050572.
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Background: The evidence in the medical literature regarding the prevalence of antibody towards SARS-CoV-2 in patients with chronic kidney disease is limited, particularly among those at the pre-dialysis stage. Aim: We have prospectively performed a cohort study at a third-level university hospital to evaluate frequency and risk factors for anti-SARS-CoV-2-positive serology among chronic kidney disease patients. Methods: We have tested a cohort of consecutive outpatients with chronic kidney disease on regular follow-up at a major metropolitan hospital, during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Italy. We adopted an enzyme immunoassay for the assessment of IgM/IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in human serum or plasma (DIA.PRO COVID-19 Serological Assay); the assay detects antibodies against Spike (1/2) and Nucleocapsid proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Results: There were 199 (65.8%) out of 302 patients with dialysis-independent CKD; 2 patients were anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody positive, 23 were anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM/IgG positive and 37 had detectable anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody in serum. The prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG was 20.5% (60/302). All patients positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody tested negative by nasopharyngeal swab. A significant and independent relationship between anti-SARS-CoV-2-positive serologic status and serum albumin (a marker of nutritional status) was observed (p < 0.046). The prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody was greater in CKD than in control populations (health care workers and blood donors) attending the hospital a few months before the current study (7.6% and 5.2%, respectively). Conclusions: The great prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody in our study group could be, at least partially, explained with the fact that our patients were living in Milan, an area severely hit by SARS-CoV-2 infection. It seems that a poor nutritional status supports the acquisition of SARS-CoV-2 antibody in CKD patients. Clinical studies to understand the mechanisms responsible for the high frequency of SARS-CoV-2 infection are under way.
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Häusler, Sebastian, Marco Weigl, Andreas Ambrosch, Rudolf Gruber, Birgit Seelbach-Göbel, and Sara Fill Malfertheiner. "Peripartal anti-SARS-CoV-2-IgA/IgG in asymptomatic pregnant women during regional SARS-CoV-2-outbreak." Journal of Perinatal Medicine 49, no. 6 (February 24, 2021): 709–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jpm-2021-0001.
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Abstract Objectives The Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic poses special challenges for the society and especially the medical staff. Even if a rather mild course is assumed among pregnant women the measures to prevent transmission of the infection are of outstanding importance. Methods To screen asymptomatic pregnant women during admission to our university maternal hospital we focused on anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG and IgA antibody responses. Hundred and fifty one women admitted to the hospital for childbirth or caesarean delivery were included. In case of suspicious anti-SARS-CoV-2-antibody levels an RT-PCR was performed to confirm an ongoing infection with SARS-CoV-2. Results A total of 89% showed negative results for anti-SARS-CoV-2-IgA antibodies, whereas 3% were borderline and 7% positive (both labeled as suspicious). In only one patient with suspicious serology we detected SARS-CoV-2-RNA in the following RT-PCR. 2% presented anti-SARS-CoV-2-IgG antibodies, all being positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2-IgA. The observed positive rate of our study collective of 10.6% seemed much higher than the expected one (1.3%) based on the reports of the Robert Koch Institute and the specifications given by the test’s manufacturer. The expected positive predictive value (PPV) was 4.3–6.7 times higher than the observed one. Conclusions To our knowledge this is the first report of anti-SARS-CoV-2-antibody levels in the peripartum period of asymptomatic women. As the positive anti-SARS-CoV-2 serology poorly correlated with the confirmatory RT-PCR and the fact that mainly the detection of the virus by PCR correlates with the patient’s infectiousness we suggest to rather perform a SARS-CoV-2-PCR-based admission screening in perinatal centers to prevent the spread of the disease.
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Vicidomini, Caterina, and Giovanni N. Roviello. "Potential Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Molecular Strategies." Molecules 28, no. 5 (February 24, 2023): 2118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28052118.
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Finding effective antiviral molecular strategies was a main concern in the scientific community when the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged at the end of 2019 as an easily transmissible and potentially deadly β-coronavirus able to cause the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), which famously led to one of the most worrying pandemics in recent times. Other members of this zoonotic pathogenic family were already known before 2019, but apart from the SARS-CoV, which was responsible of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) pandemic in 2002/2003, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), whose main impact on humans is geographically restricted to Middle Eastern countries, the other human β-coronaviruses known at that time were those typically associated with common cold symptoms which had not led to the development of any specific prophylactic or therapeutic measures. Although SARS-CoV-2 and its mutations are still causing illness in our communities, COVID-19 is less deadly than before and we are returning to normality. Overall, the main lesson learnt after the past few years of pandemic is that keeping our bodies healthy and immunity defenses strong using sport, nature-inspired measures, and using functional foods are powerful weapons for preventing the more severe forms of illness caused by SARS-CoV-2 and, from a more molecular perspective, that finding drugs with mechanisms of action involving biological targets conserved within the different mutations of SARS-CoV-2—and possibly within the entire family of β-coronaviruses—gives more therapeutic opportunities in the scenario of future pandemics based on these pathogens. In this regard, the main protease (Mpro), having no human homologues, offers a lower risk of off-target reactivity and represents a suitable therapeutic target in the search for efficacious, broad-spectrum anti-β-coronavirus drugs. Herein, we discuss on the above points and also report some molecular approaches presented in the past few years to counteract the effects of β-coronaviruses, with a special focus on SARS-CoV-2 but also MERS-CoV.
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Kittel, Maximilian, Romy Eichner, Sihem Aida, Anna Bode, Volker Ast, Anja Kessler, Michael Neumaier, Roman Wölfel, and Verena Haselmann. "Results of a European-Wide External Quality Assessment (EQA) Scheme for Serological Detection of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 (CoVimm)—Pitfalls of Routine Application." Viruses 14, no. 8 (July 28, 2022): 1662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14081662.
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Background: During the last two years, a variety of assays for the serological detection of antibodies to the new SARS-CoV-2 virus have been launched and used as part of standard care in many laboratories. The pace with which these tests have been introduced into routine care emphasizes the importance of quality measures for analytical methods, particularly with regard to the implications of results for clinical and epidemiologic decisions. Accuracy, reliability and comparability of analytical test results are thus essential, and here external quality assessment (EQA) is the most important quality assurance tool. It allows us to achieve harmonization of test methods as a prerequisite for a high standard of performance for laboratory and analytical techniques and their interpretation. Methods: This EQA scheme consisted of pre-characterized clinical biospecimens dedicated to the analysis of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG total antibodies and differentiation into spike protein-specific IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 (anti-S-SARS-CoV-2) and nucleocapsid-specific IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 (anti-N-SARS-CoV-2). Results: A total of 239 laboratories across Europe participated in this scheme, called CoVimm. In detail, 536 results for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, 431 results for anti-S-SARS-CoV-2 IgG, and 200 results for anti-N-SARS-CoV-2 IgG were reported. Based on the pre-defined thresholds, the success rates for the determination of anti-S-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and anti-N-SARS-CoV-2 IgG were 96% and 90%, respectively. Interestingly, only 64% of the participating laboratories successfully passed the EQA scheme for the determination of total anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG. Conclusions: This EQA revealed serious concerns regarding the reliability and appropriate use of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays in routine care. In addition to the wide heterogeneity of different assays used by participating laboratories, a lack of standardization and harmonization is also evident. This is of particular importance for reliable and clinically meaningful interpretation of test results.
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Brice, David, and Maureen A. McGargill. "Coronavirus spike protein vaccination history affects SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain-specific memory response in a mouse model." Journal of Immunology 210, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2023): 235.19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.210.supp.235.19.
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Abstract Background: Previous exposure to human common cold coronaviruses (hCCCoVs) has been shown to affect immune responses to SARS-CoV-2. Since most humans have been infected with different hCCoVs throughout their lives, determining exactly how previous immunity to hCCoVs affects anti-SARS-CoV-2 responses, especially to the Spike (S) protein and its receptor-binding domain (RBD), has proven difficult. We, therefore, used a mouse model to investigate how exposure to different coronavirus S alters the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 S vaccination. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were vaccinated intramuscularly with 30 μg of full-length S from several coronaviruses: hCCCoVs, SARS-CoV, or SARS-CoV-2. All mice were then vaccinated with SARS-CoV-2 full-length S 33 days later. Sera from all mice were collected at multiple timepoints after vaccinations and analyzed by ELISA and microneutralization assays. Results: Initial SARS-CoV S vaccination, surprisingly, led to significantly higher levels of anti-RBD IgG antibodies compared to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Boosting with SARS-CoV-2 S increased SARS-CoV-2 S IgG and IgM levels, regardless of previous vaccination, but increased RBD IgG responses more in SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 S mice and only previous SARS-CoV S vaccination increased in anti-RBD IgM levels. Microneutralization assay results of each timepoint significantly correlated with combined anti-RBD IgG and IgM levels. Conclusions: SARS-CoV S vaccination leads to more robust anti-SARS-CoV-2 RBD antibody levels in both naïve and SARS-CoV-2 S-vaccinated mice than other coronaviruses studied. Further investigation will help explore which aspects of this SARS-CoV S vaccination could lead to an increased RBD-focused immune response. David C. Brice was supported through The American Association of Immunologists Intersect Fellowship Program for Computational Scientists and Immunologists.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Anti-Sars-Cov-2"
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NGUYEN, HOANG OANH. "ANTI-INFLAMMATORY PROPERTIES OF PDE4 INHIBITION IN SARS-COV-2-ACTIVATED HUMAN DENDRITIC CELLS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Brescia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11379/555422.
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È stato dimostrato che la risposta immunitaria disfunzionale e l’iper-infiammazione con conseguente tempesta citochinica giocano un ruolo chiave nello sviluppo di forme severe di malattia da Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Tale condizione clinica suggerisce che l’eccessiva risposta immunitaria innata potrebbe scatenare una patologia immunitaria virus-dipendente. In questo lavoro, viene descritto un nuovo meccanismo di attivazione delle cellule dendritiche da parte del virus SARS-CoV-2. Nello specifico, sequenze di RNA del genoma virale sono in grado di attivare dei recettori endosomiali, in particolare il TLR7 e TLR8. L’attivazione di questi recettori da parte delle sequenze di RNA virale ha indotto in-vivo una forte infiammazione polmonare, come dimostrato dall’accumulo di mediatori pro-infiammatori e dall’infiltrato leucocitario, mentre in-vitro ha indotto una polarizzazione in senso Th1 ed un forte rilascio di interferoni e citochine pro-infiammatorie.
Tanimilast è un nuovo inibitore selettivo della fosfodiesterasi 4, che viene assunto per via inalatoria, ed è impiegato in avanzati studi clinici per il trattamento della broncopneumopatia cronica ostruttiva e che potrebbe potenzialmente rivelarsi utile nel trattamento della polmonite da COVID-19. In questo progetto abbiamo visto come la potente attivazione delle cellule dendritiche da parte di sequenze di RNA del SARS-CoV-2 è stata notevolmente inibita dal trattamento con Tanimilast. Il trattamento con Tanimilast ha infatti causato una diminuzione del rilascio di citochine pro-infiammatorie (TNF-α e IL6) e chemochine (CCL3, CXCL9 e CXCL10), nonché alla riduzione del rilascio di citochine associate alla polarizzazione in senso Th1 (IL-12 ed Interferoni di tipo I). Tuttavia, il trattamento con Tanimilast non ha influito sull’espressione dei marker di maturazione quali CD83, CD86, MHC-II e CCR7. Coerentemente con ciò, il trattamento con Tanimilast non ha compromesso la capacità delle cellule dendritiche attivate di attivare i linfociti T CD4+, ma ha deviato la loro polarizzazione preferenzialmente verso un fenotipo Th2. Inoltre, Tanimilast ha inibito l’espressione di molecole MHC di classe I, limitando di conseguenza l’attivazione e il differenziamento dei linfociti T citotossici CD8+. Gli effetti immunomodulatori di Tanimilast sono stati ulteriormente confermati dalla sua capacità di promuovere il rilascio di molecole immunosoppressorie cAMP-dipendenti come IDO1, TSP1, VEGF-A e anfiregulina in cellule dendritiche stimolate con LPS. Queste cellule hanno anche fortemente over-espresso il CD141 e mostrato un incremento nella fagocitosi di cellule morte.
Complessivamente, i nostri risultati indicano che Tanimilast promuove l’acquisizione di proprietà immunomodulatorie da parte delle cellule dendritiche mature, nonché un differente fenotipo semi-maturo associato ad una elevata sovra espressione del CD141. I dati permettono quindi di suggerire Tanimilast come un promettente farmaco immunomodulatorio per il trattamento di malattie immuno-mediate o infiammatorie, possibilmente includendo le polmoniti severe da COVID-19.Dysfunctional immune response and hyper-inflammation with subsequent cytokine storm were shown to play a key role in the development of severe and fatal forms of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This clinical condition suggests that an overactive innate immune response may unleash virus-dependent immune pathology. Here, we described a novel mechanism of SARS-CoV-2-dependent activation of dendritic cells (DCs), based on the recognition of sequences of viral genomic ssRNA (SCV2-RNA) by endosomal pattern recognition receptors, namely TLR7 and TLR8. Importantly, SCV2-RNA recapitulated potent lung inflammation in vivo as shown by accumulation of proinflammatory mediators and immune cell infiltration; and induced a strong release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and Th1 polarization in vitro. Tanimilast is a novel and selective inhaled inhibitor of phosphodiesterases 4 that is in advanced clinical development for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and could prove beneficial in severe COVID-19 pneumonia. In our experimental setting, the potent activation of DCs by SCV2-RNA was severely blunted by Tanimilast, which decreased the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6), chemokines (CCL3, CXCL9, and CXCL10) and of Th1-polarizing cytokines (IL-12, type I IFNs). However, Tanimilast did not impair the acquisition of the maturation markers CD83, CD86, HLA-DR and CCR7. Consistent with this, Tanimilast did not reduce the capability of activated DCs to activate CD4+ T cells but skewed their polarization towards a Th2 phenotype. In addition, Tanimilast blocked the increase of HLA class I molecules and restrained the proliferation and activation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells accordingly. The immune-modulatory effects of Tanimilast were further demonstrated by its capacity to enhance cAMP-dependent immunosuppressive molecules such as IDO1, TSP1, VEGFA and Amphiregulin in LPS-stimulated DCs. These cells also strongly upregulated CD141 and displayed increased uptake of dead cells. Altogether, our results indicate that Tanimilast induce mature DCs to acquire immunomodulatory properties as well as a distinct semi-mature phenotype, associated with the prominent expression of CD141, thus proposing Tanimilast as a promising immunomodulatory drug for the treatment in inflammatory or immune-mediated diseases, possibly including severe COVID-19 pneumonia.
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Giraudet, Rémi. "Développement d'approches de suppression des épitopes T d'anticorps et de VHH pour réduire leur risque d'immunogénicité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASQ067.
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Dans un contexte où l'immunogénicité des biothérapies, en particulier des anticorps thérapeutiques, constitue un obstacle majeur à leur efficacité clinique, cette thèse explore des stratégies pour réduire ce risque, en se concentrant sur trois axes principaux : le développement d'outils in silico pour concevoir des mutations déimmunisantes, la déimmunisation de l'adalimumab et l'évaluation des réponses immunitaires CD4+ spécifiques aux VHH.Les outils in silico actuellement disponibles se concentrent soit sur la prévision de la liaison aux molécules HLA-II soit sur l'évaluation de l'humanité des séquences, sans permettre de concevoir des mutations déimmunisantes. Dans ce cadre, un outil, Shinymulab, a été développé pour évaluer l'immunogénicité des séquences en intégrant ces deux aspects et en proposant des mutations déimmunisantes. Pour le projet de déimmunisation de l'adalimumab, un anticorps monoclonal anti-TNFα, une première série de modifications a permis d'optimiser l'affinité et de réduire les scores d'immunogénicité in silico sans toutefois impacter significativement l'activation des cellules T CD4+. Une seconde stratégie, en deux étapes, a été adoptée : d'abord en identifiant des mutations réduisant l'immunogénicité même au prix d'une perte d'affinité, puis en tentant de regagner cette affinité par des mutations supplémentaires. Une mutation clé, Y101D, a réduit l'immunogénicité mais entraîné une baisse d'affinité pour le TNFα. Des banques combinatoires ont été générées pour restaurer cette affinité, mais malgré quelques améliorations, l'affinité initiale n'a pas été pleinement récupérée, soulignant la complexité de maintenir la fonctionnalité après des modifications ciblées. Dans la troisième partie de ce travail, le VHH76, un anticorps ciblant le SARS-CoV-2, a été modifié pour réduire son potentiel immunogène. Deux variantes, humanisée et germinalisée, ont été développées pour diminuer les réponses immunitaires tout en maintenant leur affinité pour la protéine cible. La germinalisation a montré des effets favorables sur la réduction des épitopes non humains et la réponse des cellules T, mais des ajustements supplémentaires, notamment dans des régions critiques comme le FR2, sont encore nécessaires pour optimiser la fonctionnalité et la stabilité. Ce travail offre ainsi des perspectives pour des stratégies de déimmunisation et souligne les défis associés à l'équilibre entre immunogénicité et efficacité fonctionnelle des biothérapiesIn a context where the immunogenicity of biotherapies, in particular therapeutic antibodies, constitutes a major obstacle to their clinical efficacy, this thesis explores strategies to reduce this risk, focusing on three main axes: the development of in silico tools to design deimmunizing mutations, the deimmunization of adalimumab and the assessment of VHH-specific CD4+ immune responses. Currently available in silico tools focus either on predicting binding to HLA-II molecules or on assessing the humanity of sequences, without allowing the design of deimmunizing mutations. In this context, a tool, Shinymulab, was developed to assess the immunogenicity of sequences by integrating these two aspects and proposing deimmunizing mutations. For the deimmunization project of adalimumab, an anti-TNFα monoclonal antibody, a first series of modifications allowed to optimize the affinity and to reduce the immunogenicity scores in silico without however significantly impacting the activation of CD4+ T cells. A second strategy, in two steps, was adopted: first by identifying mutations in particular immunogenicity even at the cost of a loss of affinity, then by attempting to regain this affinity by additional mutations. A key mutation, Y101D, reduced immunogenicity but led to a decrease in affinity for TNFα. Combinatorial libraries were generated to restore this affinity, but despite some improvements, the initial affinity was not fully recovered, highlighting the complexity of maintaining functionality after targeted modifications. In the third part of this work, VHH76, an antibody targeting SARS-CoV-2, was modified to reduce its immunogenic potential. Two variants, humanized and germinalized, were developed to decrease immune responses while maintaining their affinity for the target protein. Germinalization showed favorable effects on the reduction of non-human epitopes and T cell response, but further adjustments, especially in critical regions such as FR2, are still needed to optimize functionality and stability.This work thus offers perspectives for deimmunization strategies and highlights the challenges associated with the balance between immunogenicity and functional efficacy of biotherapies
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CIPOLLONE, CLAUDIA. "Studio della risposta anticorpale alla vaccinazione anti-SARS-CoV-2 in una popolazione di operatori sanitari di una ASL del Centro Italia." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11697/192080.
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La diffusione, nel dicembre 2019, di un nuovo coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, ha avuto conseguenze disastrose a livello globale. La proteina “spike” di SARS-CoV-2, ed in particolare il suo sito di legame per il recettore (RBD) è risultata essere, il target più importante contro cui venivano prodotti gli anticorpi dei soggetti che avevano contratto l’infezione. Per questo motivo, diverse tipologie di vaccino hanno mirato ad indurre la produzione di anticorpi diretti contro il dominio RBD. BNT162b2 Pfizer/BioNTech è stato il vaccino di scelta per la somministrazione agli operatori sanitari in Italia; il primo schema vaccinale prevedeva la somministrazione di due dosi, a distanza di 21 giorni l’una dall’altra. L’obiettivo primario del presente lavoro di tesi è stato quello di studiare la risposta immunitaria umorale in una popolazione di operatori sanitari che ha ricevuto due dosi della vaccinazione; successivamente è stata valutata l’influenza di alcune variabili, quali età e sesso, sullo sviluppo del titolo anticorpale. Sono stati utilizzati 2845 campioni di siero, prelevati da 1306 operatori sanitari (449 M e 857 F, età media 47.9±12.7 anni), impiegati presso la ASL1 Abruzzo. Gli operatori si sono sottoposti a prelievo di sangue venoso a 21, 28 e 50 giorni dalla somministrazione della prima dose di vaccino. 1306 campioni sono stati raccolti dopo 21 giorni dalla prima dose, 871 campioni sono stati raccolti dopo 28 giorni dalla prima dose e 668 campioni dopo 50 giorni dalla prima dose. Un siero è stato considerato come “negativo” o “positivo” per la ricerca di IgG anti SARS-CoV-2 applicando i criteri di interpretazione dei test laboratoristici forniti dal produttore.
La proporzione di campioni con anticorpi positivi per SARS-CoV-2 è aumentata nel tempo: in particolare, è aumentata significativamente dal 91,7% al 99,1% tra il primo ed il secondo campionamento (ovvero 21 e 28 giorni dopo la prima dose) (p<0,0001). Non ci sono state differenze significative nella proporzione di campioni positivi per anticorpi anti SARS-CoV-2 tra la seconda e la terza raccolta (ovvero a 28 ed a 50 giorni dalla prima dose) (aumento dal 99.1% al 99.7%, p=0,134). Sono state riscontrate differenze statisticamente significative nel titolo anticorpale normalizzato nei prelievi a tempi diversi (p<0,0001). Non ci sono state differenze di genere nella proporzione di campioni positivi per anticorpi anti-SARS-CoV-2 in nessuno dei dosaggi. Tuttavia, è stato riscontrato che il titolo anticorpale medio era più alto nelle femmine rispetto ai maschi in ciascuno dei dosaggi eseguiti. È stata riscontrata una differenza statisticamente significativa nell'età media tra coloro che avevano un titolo anticorpale positivo e quelli che non lo avevano: i lavoratori con titolo anticorpale protettivo erano, in media, di età inferiore, sia per quanto riguarda i maschi che per quanto riguarda le femmine. Il modello di regressione lineare ha mostrato come “sesso”, “età” e “tempo” fossero statisticamente associati al titolo anticorpale normalizzato (R-quadrato: 0,5411; p<0,0001). In particolare, il sesso femminile e l’età più giovane erano associati a un titolo anticorpale più elevato; inoltre, particolare importanza rivestiva il “timing” di somministrazione della seconda dose della vaccinazione. In conclusione, la quasi totalità dei soggetti ha sviluppato un titolo anticorpale protettivo, ma il titolo anticorpale era significativamente maggiore nelle persone di età più giovane e nelle persone di sesso femminile. Per quanto riguarda l’impatto di alcune variabili, quali età e sesso, sullo sviluppo del titolo anticorpale, appare evidente come l’approfondimento di tali informazioni identificherebbe eventuali gruppi specifici di popolazione con una risposta potenzialmente differente al vaccino, aspetto cruciale per la pianificazione di metodiche di stratificazione del rischio in sanità pubblica.
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de, Assis Marcelo. "Desenvolvimento de Novas Tecnologias Baseadas em Materiais Biocidas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.6035/14104.2021.793638.
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a-Ag2WO4, which already shows biocidal activity, when modified by electrons or femtosecond laser increases its biocidal activity up to 32x, against resistant bacteria and fungi due to the generated metal-semiconductor interface. In addition, this modification makes this interface selective for combating bladder cancer cells (MB49), versus healthy cells (BALB/3T3), using model mouse cells. Ag/SiO2 immobilized on ethylene vinyl acetate was another studied interface which showed 99.99% inhibition of bacteria and fungi, besides eliminating in just 2 minutes over 99% of SARS-CoV-2 virus replicates. In this way, safe biocidal technologies can be obtained using silver-based metal-semiconductor interfaces, which can be applied to the design of personal protective equipment, packaging, fabrics, hygienic implements such as implants and prostheses, and other devices economically feasible to combat the increase in pandemics and fatal risks associated with various pathogens.El a-Ag2WO4, que ya tiene actividad biocida, cuando se modifica por electrones o láser en femtosegundos ve incrementada su actividad biocida 32 veces frente a bacterias resistentes y hongos (debido a la interfaz metal-semiconductor generada. Además, esta modificación hace que esta interfaz sea selectiva para combatir las células cancerosas de vejiga (MB49), versus las células sanas (BALB/3T3), utilizando células modelo de ratón. Otra interfaz estudiada fue Ag/SiO2 inmovilizado en etileno vinil acetato, que mostró una inhibición del 99,99% de bacterias y hongos, además de eliminar en sólo 2 minutos más del 99% de réplicas del virus SARS-CoV-2. De esta forma, es posible obtener tecnologías biocidas seguras utilizando interfaces metal-semiconductor basados en plata, que se pueden utilizar para el diseño de equipos de protección personal, embalajes, tejidos, implementos higiénicos, como implantes y prótesis, y otros dispositivos económicamente viables para combatir el aumento de pandemias y riesgos fatales asociados con diversos patógenos.
Programa de Doctorat en Ciències
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Al, Ibrahim Malak. "Anti-coronavirus potential of halophytes and invasive plants from Northern France : discovery of active terpenoids from Hippophae rhamnoides and Senecio inaequidens." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILS003.
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Les coronavirus sont responsables de maladies des voies respiratoires bénignes à graves chez l’Homme. Malgré des progrès significatifs dans la compréhension de la pathologie et de la gestion clinique des coronavirus, ces maladies virales restent un problème de santé publique en raison d’épidémies récurrentes provoquées par l’émergence de variants, d’un accès inégal aux traitements contre la COVID-19, de taux de vaccination inadéquats et de populations à haut risque non vaccinées. Il est donc impératif de développer des solutions antivirales spécifiques et abordables pour contrôler et prévenir de futures pandémies. Les plantes exposées à des facteurs de stress abiotiques et à de nouveaux environnements représentent une vaste source de composés bioactifs. Dans ce projet, nous avons étudié le potentiel antiviral in vitro contre différents coronavirus de plantes halophytes et invasives récoltées dans le nord de la France.Dans la première partie du projet, des halophytes strictes et d’autres relativement tolérantes au sel poussant sur le littoral du nord de la France ont été sélectionnées et testées pour leur activité antivirale in vitro contre différents coronavirus. L'espèce végétale la plus active, Hippophae rhamnoides L. (Eléagnacées), a subi un fractionnement bioguidé pour identifier les composés actifs. Six composés ont été isolés des trois fractions les plus actives par HPLC préparative et ont été identifiés par HRMS et RMN mono- et bidimensionnelle comme étant des triterpènes substitués par des dérivés d’acide cinnamique. Les tests d'infection ont démontré une inhibition dose-dépendante de ces triterpènes contre le HCoV-229E et le SARS-CoV-2, mettant notamment en évidence leur activité contre les deux virus.Dans la deuxième partie du projet, le potentiel antiviral contre les coronavirus de Senecio inaequidens (Asteraceae), une espèce végétale envahissante, a été exploré. Six composés purifiés par CPC et CLHP préparative ont été identifiés comme étant des dérivés de sesquiterpènes. Ils ont présenté un effet inhibiteur dose-dépendant sur le HCoV-229E, et quatre d'entre eux se sont montrés également actifs contre le SARS-CoV-2.Nos résultats suggèrent que Hippophae rhamnoides et Senecio inaequidens pourraient représenter des sources potentielles d’agents antiviraux contre les coronavirus humainsCoronaviruses are responsible for mild to severe respiratory tract illnesses in humans. Despite significant advancements in understanding coronavirus pathology and clinical management, these viral diseases remain a public health concern due to recurrent outbreaks driven by the emergence of variants, unequal access to COVID-19 treatments, inadequate vaccination rates and untreated high-risk populations. Thus, it is imperative to proactively develop specific and affordable antiviral solutions to control and prevent future pandemics. Plants exposed to abiotic stress factors and new environments represent a vast source of bioactive compounds. In this project, we investigated the antiviral potential in vitro of different halophytes, less salt-tolerant plants and invasive plants collected in the North of France against different coronaviruses.In the first part of the project, a variety of strictly halophytes and relatively salt-tolerant plants growing on the coastline in northern France were screened for their in vitro antiviral activity against different coronaviruses. The most active plant species, Hippophae rhamnoides L. (Eleagnaceae), underwent bioguided fractionation to identify active natural products. Six compounds were isolated from the three most active fractions using preparative HPLC and were identified as cinnamoyl triterpenoids through HRMS and mono- and bi-dimensional NMR. Infection tests demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibition of these triterpenes against HCoV-229E and SARS-CoV-2, notably highlighting their activity against both viruses.In the second part of the project, the antiviral potential against coronaviruses of Senecio inaequidens (Asteraceae), an invasive plant species, was explored. Six compounds purified by CPC and preparative HPLC were identified as sesquiterpenoid derivatives. They displayed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on HCoV-229E and four of them also exhibited inhibition against SARS-CoV-2.Our findings suggest that Hippophae rhamnoides and Senecio inaequidens could represent potential sources of antiviral agents against human coronaviruses
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Lu, Ping-Hsun, and 呂秉勳. "1. Synthesis and Anti-SARS-coV Activity of promazine analogues. 2. Synthesis and Anti-Cancer Activity of 3-Phenoxy Substituted Indole Analogues." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73603118436885853669.
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碩士國立清華大學
化學系
93
Abstract The thesis consists of two parts: the first part is concerned with the synthesis and bioassay of promazine analogues and the second part describes the synthesis and anti-cancer activity of 3-phenoxy substituted indole analogues. The first part : The global outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) caused by a novel coronavirus began in March 2003. An in-house chemical library consisting of 800 marketed drugs was evaluated for anti-SARS-CoV activities. We began our drug screening using porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) as the surrogate system giving the similarities among several key viral proteins of TGEV and SARS-CoV. Hits that presented anti-TGEV activity then were subjected to the SARS-CoV assays. Several members of the phenothiazine drug class and niclosamide were found to inhibit SARS-CoV replication in cell culture at low concentration and thus both promazine and niclosamide were identified as the lead compounds for the structure optimization. For the lead optimization, we have synthesized 20 promazine analogues and subjected these to bioassay using TGEV and SARS –CoV for evaluating anti-viral activity. On the basis of these anti-viral assay, we have found compound 10 and 20 to exhibit good anti-SARS –CoV replication activities. During the synthesis of the promazine analogue, we tried to optimize conditions and found out that microwave technique has the advantage for it decreased reaction time and provided considerable yields of products. The second part : Compound 31, a potent anti-cancer drug synthesized by bioisosterism of Combretastatin A-4, was subjected to further modification through the replacement of sulfur bridge with oxygen. Two synthetic methods were employed for the target molecule. First, a C-O coupling strategies of Ullman and Buchwald-Hartwig were employed, but failed. We successfuly synthesized seven phenoxy indole analogues using the second strategy, Fisher Indole synthesis. The compounds were subjected to cytotoxic activity using KB and MKN45 cancer cell lines; compound 32d showed the highest activity with IC50 = 1.2 ± 0.5 nM for KB, and IC50 = 1.1 ± 0.1 nM for MKN45.
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Gutiérrez, Laura. "Evaluación del desempeño analítico de dos ensayos inmunológicos de diferente configuración para la detección de anticuerpos anti SARS-CoV-2." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11086/21904.
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Trabajo Integrador Final (Especialista en Virología) - - Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, 2021Calcular la sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo y valor predictivo negativo de dos ensayos inmunológicos de diferente configuración (CMIA y ELISA) para la detección de anticuerpos anti SARS CoV 2 Evaluar la concordancia analítica entre los diferentes ensayos.
2023-11-30
Fil: Gutiérrez, Laura. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas; Argentina.
Fil: Barbás, María G. Gobierno de la Provincia de Córdoba. Ministerio de Salud. Laboratorio Central; Argentina.
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Branco, Filipa Saraiva e. Silva Rodrigues. "Influência e caracterização do movimento antivacinação nas redes sociais em Portugal." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/131416.
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Introdução: A resposta à pandemia provocada pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2 e as vacinas desenvolvidas têm encontrado obstáculos criados pela disseminação de notícias falsas e conspirações propagadas pelo movimento antivacinação nas redes sociais. Desta forma, a hesitação vacinal poderá ter contornos nunca antes vistos, em Portugal, até ao momento. Métodos: Este estudo analisa as publicações, comentários e membros do grupo do Facebook “Anti-VAX Portugal” desde 10 de abril a 10 de outubro de 2020, no decorrer da pandemia. Foi também aplicado um inquérito por questionário online, onde se procura compreender a influência que os conteúdos antivacinais tiveram sobre os utilizadores das redes sociais no processo de decisão de vacinação contra a COVID-19. Resultados: A partir da análise deste grupo, compreendendo 347 membros e com motivações distintas, foram identificadas 440 publicações, das quais 48% são teorias da conspiração. A partilha de publicações contra a vacina para a COVID-19 iniciou-se ainda antes da existência efetiva da vacina. No inquérito online aferimos que a influência dos conteúdos antivacinação na rede social Facebook sobre indivíduos indecisos é quatro vezes superior do que se estes não se deparassem com tais conteúdos. No caso daqueles que se mostravam decididos a não se vacinar contra o vírus SARS-CoV-2, mais de metade foram expostos a conteúdos antivacinação. Conclusão: Este movimento é altamente capacitado para influenciar a opinião de outros através de campanhas antivacinação, realizadas antes da criação da vacina para a COVID-19, e as redes sociais são o veículo ideal para a disseminação e a organização de ações fora do espaço digital.Background: The pandemic by SARS-CoV-2 virus and the vaccines developed will face obstacles created by the dissemination of fake news and conspiracies propagated by the anti-vaccination movement on social media. Thus, the vaccine hesitation will have contours never seen before, in Portugal. Methods: This study analyzes the posts, comments, and members of the Facebook group “Anti-VAX Portugal” from April 10th to October 10th, during the pandemic. As well as the development of an online questionnaire survey where we understand the influence that anti-vaccination content has on social media users to take the COVID-19 vaccine. Results: The analysis of 347 members, with different motivations, culminates in 440 publications where 48% are conspiracy theories. Vaccine sharing for COVID-19 started long before there was one. In the online survey, we verified that the influence of anti-vaccination content on social media, on hesitant individuals, is four times higher than if they had not come across such content. Also, for those who have already decided that they will not be vaccinated against the SARS-CoV-2 virus, more than half were exposed to the contents of the anti-vaccination movement. Conclusion: This movement is highly capable of influencing the opinion of others through anti-vaccination campaigns, carried out before the creation of the vaccine for COVID-19 and social media is the ideal vehicle for the dissemination and organization of actions outside the digital space.
Books on the topic "Anti-Sars-Cov-2"
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Chen, Jen-Tsung. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity of Flavonoids. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003433200.
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Chen, Jen-Tsung, ed. Ethnopharmacology and Drug Discovery for COVID-19: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Agents from Herbal Medicines and Natural Products. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-3664-9.
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Anti-Sars-Cov-2 Activity of Flavonoids. CRC Press LLC, 2024.
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Roviello, Giovanni N., and Caterina Vicidomini, eds. Potential Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Molecular Strategies. MDPI, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/books978-3-0365-6962-8.
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Ethnopharmacology and Drug Discovery for COVID-19: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Agents from Herbal Medicines and Natural Products. Springer, 2023.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Anti-Sars-Cov-2"
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Gurung, Arun Bahadur, and Atanu Bhattacharjee. "Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity of Flavones." In Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity of Flavonoids, 116–24. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003433200-9.
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Esmaealzadeh, Niusha, Roodabeh Bahramsoltani, and Roja Rahimi. "Green Tea Catechins against SARS-CoV-2." In Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity of Flavonoids, 211–16. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003433200-17.
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Dalli, Mohammed, Salah-eddine Azizi, Nour Elhouda Daoudi, Ali Azghar, Abderrazak Saddari, Ilyass Alami Merrouni, Mohammed Roubi, et al. "Traditional Herbal Medicines for COVID-19." In Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity of Flavonoids, 12–21. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003433200-2.
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Jayashree, S., K. Sonia, G. Mayakkannan, S. Shruthi, S. Aruna Sharmili, and Sekar Vijayakumar. "Isoflavonoids As Bioactive Molecules against SARS-CoV-2." In Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity of Flavonoids, 104–15. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003433200-8.
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Rajak, Naina, Vipendra Kumar Singh, and Neha Garg. "Molecular Insights into Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity of Catechins against Protein Targets for COVID-19 Management." In Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity of Flavonoids, 152–59. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003433200-12.
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Chakraborty, Pallab, Krishnendu Acharya, Joy Sarkar, Solomon Habtemariam, Javad Sharifi-Rad, and William C. Cho. "Antiviral Activities of Naringenin and Its Derivatives as Adjuvant Treatment against SARS-CoV-2 Infections." In Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity of Flavonoids, 218–22. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003433200-18.
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Ghoran, Salar Hafez, Fatemeh Taktaz, Pouya Alipour, Mojtaba Ghobadi, Seyedeh Elham Faghih-Shirazi, Alireza Zali, and Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi. "Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity of Flavonols and Their Glycosylated Derivatives." In Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity of Flavonoids, 82–103. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003433200-7.
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Kashyap, Piyush, Mamta Thakur, Rhythm Kalsi, Kandi Sridhar, Minaxi Sharma, Shiv Kumar, and Baskaran Stephen Inbaraj. "Molecular Aspects on Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity of Flavonols." In Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity of Flavonoids, 41–54. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003433200-4.
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Mishra, Amaresh, Km Shivangi, Manju Yadav, Dolly Sharma, Jyoti Upadhyay, Yamini Pathak, and Vishwas Tripathi. "Plant-Derived Polyphenols in Modulating the Immune Response against COVID-19." In Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity of Flavonoids, 140–51. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003433200-11.
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Yasri, Sora, and Viroj Wiwanitkit. "Traditional Medicines and Functional Foods in Indochina for COVID-19 Management." In Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity of Flavonoids, 244–52. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003433200-21.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Anti-Sars-Cov-2"
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Mcelvaney, O. F., T. Asakura, S. Meinig, J. L. Torres-Castillo, R. S. Hagan, C. Gabillard, M. P. Murphy, et al. "Protease-Anti-Protease Compartmentalization in SARS-CoV-2 ARDS: Therapeutic Implications." In American Thoracic Society 2022 International Conference, May 13-18, 2022 - San Francisco, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2022.205.1_meetingabstracts.a3629.
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Siqueira, JR, TS Pinho, EEI Flores, TFS Lima, MLL Moreira, and EM Carvalho. "ANÁLISE DA ESTABILIDADE DA IGG ANTI-SARS-COV-2 APÓS ARMAZENAMENTO SOB ULTRA REFRIGERAÇÃO." In Resumos do 54º Congresso Brasileiro de Patologia Clínica/Medicina Laboratorial, 61. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.140s1.6156.
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Objetivo: No contexto da pandemia do Sars-CoV-2, o armazenamento de amostras biológicas em biorrepositórios para futuros estudos dos seus impactos na população traz a necessidade do conhecimento sobre a estabilidade de analitos relacionados. A IgG anti-Sars-CoV-2 pode ser utilizada futuramente em estudos de soroprevalência e soroconversão durante as fases da pandemia. No teste comercial para dosagem de IgG anti-Sars-CoV-2 (Abbott), o prazo estabelecido em bula para armazenamento ≤ -20ºC é de 30 dias. Entretanto, para estudos posteriores, avaliamos a estabilidade desse analito em soro humano mantido sob -80ºC por três e seis meses e realizamos ciclos de congelamento/descongelamento. Método: Uma coorte de amostras de soro humano com dosagem conhecida de IgG anti-Sars-CoV-2 foi armazenada a 80ºC. Subcoortes de 40 amostras foram analisadas após três meses e outra após seis meses. A reprodutibilidade foi avaliada utilizando os testes: t, F e correlação de Pearson para comparação dos resultados no tempo zero, três e seis meses. Dez amostras foram submetidas a ciclos de congelamento/descongelamento, com uma variação de temperatura (Δt) de 105°C. Foi realizada a análise estatística das dosagens com relação a média, desvio padrão e coeficiente de variação. Conclusão: As análises após três e seis meses de preservação das amostras a -80°C apresentou valores dentro dos critérios de aceitação na comparação entre os tempos três e seis e o tempo 0. Após 180 dias, ainda é possível analisar com confiança o analito IgG anti-Sars-CoV-2. Outro dado que corrobora a alta estabilidade é que, ao submeter as amostras a 10 ciclos de congelamento/descongelamento, a variação média encontrada entre os resultados foi de 3,31%, respaldando que amostras submetidas, eventualmente, à alta variação de temperatura podem ser utilizadas com segurança para futuras análises.
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Adi, Wihan, Dhruv Biswas, Miriam A. Shelef, and Filiz Yesilkoy. "Multiplexed COVID-19 Antibody Quantification from Human Sera Using Label-free Nanoplasmonic Biosensors." In Applied Industrial Spectroscopy. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ais.2022.jm2e.4.
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Serological assays can reveal immune status against COVID-19 informing individual and public healthcare decisions. We report a multiplexed and label-free nanoplasmonic biosensor that can discriminate healthy from convalescent samples with high sensitivity (95%) and specificity (100%) based on anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody quantification. Our results show high concordance (R~ 0.87) with commercial assays in detecting anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
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Uzun, G., K. Althaus, B. Luz, M. Wolf, H. Henkes, and T. Bakchoul. "Anti-PF4 antibodies after SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: long term follow-up." In GTH Congress 2023 – 67th Annual Meeting of the Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Research – The patient as a benchmark. Georg Thieme Verlag, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1760583.
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Numata-Nakamura, M., R. Bowen, and D. R. Voelker. "Pulmonary Surfactant Phospholipids as Novel Anti-Virals Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection." In American Thoracic Society 2022 International Conference, May 13-18, 2022 - San Francisco, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2022.205.1_meetingabstracts.a1196.
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Almeida, Antonio L. de, and João B. L. Martins. "DFT study of Anti Sars-Cov-2 EIDD-1931 and EIDD-2801 molecular structures." In VIII Simpósio de Estrutura Eletrônica e Dinâmica Molecular. Universidade de Brasília, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21826/viiiseedmol2020187.
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Scientists around the world are joining efforts in the study of the current SARS-CoV-2 virus and the Covid-19 disease. As a result, several compounds have been studied for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2, among them there are N4-hydroxycytidine prodrug (NHC; EIDD-1931), and EIDD-2801, that have shown antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. We have studied the structural and electronic properties of these molecules using B3LYP functional and aug-cc-pVDZ basis set.
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Sattarnezhad, Neda, Julia Sumera, Jamie McDonald, Esther Nie, Anna Tomczak, Yamuna Joseph, Sujatha Kalle, et al. "SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Immune Response on Anti-Complement Therapy, Eculizumab (P10-5.012)." In 2023 Annual Meeting Abstracts. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.0000000000204308.
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Cui, Zeyu, Qing Liu, Mengmeng Fan, Dakuo He, and Yue Hou. "Determination of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity of Compounds Based on Machine Learning." In 2022 International Conference on Information Technology, Communication Ecosystem and Management (ITCEM). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itcem57303.2022.00021.
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Elbashir, Israa, Aisha Aisha Nasser J. M. Al-Saei, Paul Thornalley, and Naila Rabbani. "Evaluation of antiviral activity of Manuka honey against SARS-CoV-2." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0113.
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Background and aims: In 2020 a global pandemic was declared caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). The pandemic is still ongoing and continues to cause considerable mortality and morbidity world-wide and new variants of the virus are emerging. Rapid development and rollout of vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 is in progress to counter the pandemic but has been tempered by the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants, many of which exhibit reduced vaccine effectiveness. To date there is no approved antiviral treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Several studies have shown that Manuka honey has virucidal/antiviral effect. Methylglyoxal (MG), a bioactive component in Manuka honey, has antiviral activity in vitro. MG may modify arginine residues in the functional domains of viral spike and nucleocapsid proteins, resulting in loss of charge, protein misfolding and inactivation. The aim of this study was to characterize the antiviral activity of Manuka honey against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro Materials and methods: Wild-type SARS-CoV-2 with titers of multiplicities of infection (MOI) 0.1 and 0.05 were incubated with 2-fold serial dilutions of 250+ Manuka honey (equivalent to 250 to 31 µM) in infection medium (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium + 2% fetal bovine serum + 100 units/ml penicillin + 100 µg/ml streptomycin) for 3 h. Manuka honey treated and untreated control SARS-CoV-2 was incubated with confluent cultures of Vero cells in vitro for 1 h, cultures washed with phosphate-buffered saline and incubated in fresh infection medium at 37°C for 4 - 5 days until 70% of virus control cells displayed cytopathic effect. We also studied the effect of scavenging MG in Manuka Honey with aminoguanidine (AG; 500 µM) on virucidal activity. The antiviral activity of MG was judged by median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) assays. Data analysis was by logistic regression. TCID50 (mean ± SD) was deduced by interpolation. Results: Diluted Manuka honey inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero cells. SARS-CoV-2 was incubated in diluted Manuka honey in medium at 37°C for 3 h before adding to Vero cells. Manuka honey dilutions down to 125 µM MG equivalents completely inhibited cytopathic effect of SARS-CoV-2 whereas 31.25 µM and 62.5 µM MG equivalents had limited effect. Logistic regression and interpolation of the cytopathic effect indicated that the TCID50 = 72 ± 2 µM MG equivalents for MOI of 0.1. Prior scavenging of MG by addition of AG resulted in virus replication levels equivalent to those seen in the virus control without AG. Conclusion: Manuka honey has antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 when incubated with the virus in cell-free media at no greater than ca. 40-fold dilutions of 250+ grade. Anti-viral activity was inhibited by AG, consistent with the anti-viral effect being mediated by MG. Manuka honey dilutions in MG equivalents had similar antiviral effect compared to authentic MG, also consistent with MG content of Manuka honey mediating the antiviral effect. Whilst Manuka honey may inactivate SARS-CoV-2 in cell-free culture medium, its antiviral activity in vivo for other than topical application may be limited because of the rapid metabolism of MG by the glyoxalase system and limited bioavailability of oral MG.
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Moore, J., L. Robertson, T. Ferguson, E. Cain, J. Goodman, C. Colley, M. Orr, and T. Moore. "Clinical performance evaluation of an anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay." In ERS International Congress 2022 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2022.4612.
Full textReports on the topic "Anti-Sars-Cov-2"
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Bailey, Jacob J., Andrew M. Morris, Sally Bean, Eyal Cohen, Jonathan Gubbay, Yona Lunsky, Samir Patel, et al. Evidence-Based Recommendations on the Use of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Monoclonal Antibodies (Casirivimab + Imdevimab, and Sotrovimab) for Adults in Ontario. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.2021.02.45.2.0.
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Screening of ~5500 FDA-approved drugs and clinical candidates for anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity. EMBL-EBI, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.6019/chembl4651402.
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