Academic literature on the topic 'Anti-microbial Activities'
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Journal articles on the topic "Anti-microbial Activities"
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Lee, Jin-Young, Ho-Jung Bae, Tae-Soon Park, Tae-Wan Kim, Doo-Hwan Moon, O.-Jun Kwon, Jun-Ho Son, et al. "Anti-oxidant and Anti-microbial Activities of Seungmakalgeuntang." Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry 53, no. 1 (March 31, 2010): 13–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3839/jabc.2010.003.
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Pernak, Juliusz, Kinga Sobaszkiewicz, and Ilona Mirska. "Anti-microbial activities of ionic liquids." Green Chemistry 5, no. 1 (December 2, 2002): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b207543c.
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Jack, D. L., and M. W. Turner. "Anti-microbial activities of mannose-binding lectin." Biochemical Society Transactions 31, no. 4 (August 1, 2003): 753–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0310753.
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Mannose-binding lectin (MBL; also known as mannan-binding lectin) is involved in first-line defence by binding to bacteria, viruses, protozoa and helminths through a pattern-recognition mode of detection and then initiating a range of host responses. Currently, we have been unable to extrapolate from what we know of the biochemistry of MBL binding to predict accurately the interaction of MBL with individual micro-organisms; even subtle surface alterations have been shown to have an extensive impact on MBL-mediated recognition of pathogens. MBL has a major protective effect through activation of the complement system via MBL-associated serine proteases (MASPs). This can cause the lysis of Gram-negative bacteria and also opsonize a wide spectrum of potential pathogens for phagocytosis. MBL may also influence phagocytosis in the absence of complement activation through an interaction with one or more collectin receptors. This may also be the basis for a direct effect of the protein on inflammatory responses. MBL can alter the function of microbial structures, such as gp120 of HIV, to prevent infection. The protein may also interact with the components of other cascade systems such as the clotting system, which will have a role in microbial pathogenesis. An understanding of these basic mechanisms will be vital if we are to use purified or recombinant MBL in therapeutic applications.
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Chua, Lee Suan, and Nurul Izzati Mohd Ismail. "Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Microbial Activities of Selected Honey Samples." Asian Journal of Agricultural Research 9, no. 6 (October 15, 2015): 293–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajar.2015.293.304.
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Mollejon, Bernadette C., and Charito V. Mollejon. "Anti-Microbial Activities and Phytochemical Screening of the Premna Odorata Blanco Alagaw Leaf Extract." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-3, Issue-4 (June 30, 2019): 343–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd23751.
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Murali, Megha, Arun S. Nair, and Neethu S. Kumar. "IN VITRO ANTI-MICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF WHEAT GRASS." Journal of Pharmaceutical & Scientific Innovation 5, no. 6 (January 14, 2017): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2277-4572.05641.
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Ahamad, Tansir, Vikrant Kumar, and Nahid Nishat. "New class of anti-microbial agents: Synthesis, characterization, and anti-microbial activities of metal chelated polyurea." Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A 88A, no. 2 (February 2009): 288–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.31872.
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Pyo, Su-Jin, Ji-Su Jang, and Ho-Yong Sohn. "Evaluation of Anti-oxidant, Anti-microbial and Anti-diabetic Activities of Five Different Pollen." Journal of Apiculture 35, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17519/apiculture.2020.04.35.1.65.
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Lee, Kwang Sik, Bo Yeon Kim, Hyung Joo Yoon, Yong Soo Choi, and Byung Rae Jin. "Secapin, a bee venom peptide, exhibits anti-fibrinolytic, anti-elastolytic, and anti-microbial activities." Developmental & Comparative Immunology 63 (October 2016): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2016.05.011.
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Kim, Mi-Sun, Ye-Seul Lee, Jong Sik Kim, Woo-Chang Shin, and Ho-Yong Sohn. "Anti-microbial and Anti-thrombosis Activities of Lees of Sweet Potato Soju." Korean Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 42, no. 3 (September 28, 2014): 258–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4014/kjmb.1405.05005.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Anti-microbial Activities"
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Butler, Vanessa Leanne. "The effects of genetics, age and rearing environment on AvBD gene expression and gut anti-microbial activities in three chicken lines." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2240.
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The defensins have been shown to be an important component of the innate immune system across many species from plants to man. To date a total of 14 beta defensins have been identified within the chicken genome and anti-microbial activity of an array of these peptides against pathogens has been demonstrated. The innate immune system has been shown to be important in chickens during the first week of life when exposure to pathogens in the environment occurs and the adaptive immune system is not fully developed. The research presented in this thesis attempts to investigate the effects of bird age (aged 0, 7, 14 and 35 days), genetics and rearing environment on components of the innate immune system. A farm trial was performed using three lines of Aviagen birds (lines X, Y and Z) and two distinct rearing environments (low and high hygiene farms). To determine which of the 14 avian beta defensins (AvBD) to investigate, a panel of potential single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the AvBD locus was submitted as part of an Aviagen Ltd genomics initiative. Frequencies of the polymorphisms across the three lines of birds were determined. From these data, gene expression of AvBDs1, 4 and 10 were fully investigated using end-point PCR and then quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). A pronounced finding from the qRT-PCR was the marked intra and inter-group variation in gene expression levels, which lead to few statistical significant differences. All three genes were shown to be expressed across a panel of ten tissues analysed, but distinct patterns were also seen. Significantly AvBD1 gene expression in the duodenum indicated that of the 7 day old birds the line X birds reared in the low hygiene environment had the highest level of gene expression. In relation to AvBD4 gene expression, the highest level was observed in the spleen of the 0 day old birds, but overall environment did not appear to affect AvBD4 gene expression of the tissues examined. High levels of AvBD10 gene expression were observed in bird kidney and testicle tissue, but again environment in the case of the former tissue did not appear to statistically affect gene expression levels, the YH 7 day old bird testicle samples did have statistically significant higher expression levels compared to the other groups. The SNP analysis revealed three non-synonymous polymorphisms within the AvBD1 mature peptide locus. The three lines of birds had quite different patterns of these polymorphisms and so three different forms of the peptide along with a single form of the AvBD10 peptide were synthesised using a bacterial hyper-expression system. Peptide levels were quantified using an ELISA and subsequently tested in a bacterial time-kill assay using Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium phoP, Staphylococcus aureus and two strains of Enterococcus faecalis. All recombinant peptides showed anti-microbial activity against the bacteria tested. The exception was a clinical isolate of E. faecalis which showed resistance to the killing activities of recombinant AvBD10 peptide. Duodenal gut protein extracts were also tested using the same bacterial assay and marked differences in the anti-microbial activities of these samples were seen. The samples taken from the day 0 birds were found to have significant anti-microbial activity compared to those of the older birds. LC/MS identified differences in the proteomes of the respective gut extracts. These data support that bird genetics, age and the environment have an effect on AvBD gene expression and gut anti-microbial activity. These differences are not uniform for all genes and groups of birds, but clear patterns were observed.
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Silva, Alessandra Vaso Rodrigues da. "Prospecção das interações mastoparano-membrana em proteolipossomos como modelo para o desenvolvimento racional de novos agentes antimicrobianos /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87736.
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Resumo: Neste trabalho estudou-se a estrutura, função e mecanismo de ação do peptídeo antibacteriano Protonectarina-MP (isolado de veneno da vespa social Protonectarina sylveirae) tendo seu resíduo C-terminal nas formas ácida (-OH) e amidada (-NH2). Os peptídeos foram sintetizados, utilizando-se a estratégia Fmoc, purificados por cromatografia líquida de alta performance. O monitoramento do material sintético foi feito por espectrometria de massas ESI-MS e por seqüenciamento através de Química Degradativa de Edman. A estrutura secundária foi investigada pelo uso de espectroscopia de dicroísmo circular e modelagem molecular. Atividade lítica (extravasamento) e interação do resíduo de triptofano em vesículas foram investigadas pelo uso de espectrômetro de fluorescência. Foram realizados ensaios sobre as interações desses peptídeos em meio de vesículas zwitteriônicas e aniônica, formando complexos proteolipossomos que foram submetidos à troca isotópica H/D monitorada por espectrometria de massas ESI-MS e MS/MS. Além disso, foram realizados ensaios biológicos de atividade hemolítica, de desgranulação de mastócito, de liberação da enzima citoplasmática Lactato Desidrogenase e de atividade antimicrobianas. Os dados de CD revelam uma tendência dos peptídeos se estruturarem em hélice-α em ambiente hidrofóbico e em ambiente de membranas. Porém, o mesmo não pode ser observado em meio aquoso. Os modelos obtidos para ambos os peptídeos por modelagem molecular mostram uma estruturação em hélice-α anfipática. Nos ensaios de atividade lítica em vesículas, os peptídeos apresentaram um processo com cooperatividade positiva, com curvas de dose-resposta que mostram uma dependência sigmoidal com a concentração do peptídeo. Os resultados da fluorescência do triptofanos mostram um deslocamento da emissão para a região de onda do azul para o peptídeo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)Abstract: In the present work was studied the structure, function and mechanism of action of the antibacterial peptide Protonectarina-MP (isolated from venom of social wasp Protonectarina sylveirae) with its carboxyamidation (-NH2) and carboxyl-free (-OH) Cterminal forms. The peptides were manually synthesized on-solid phase by using Fmoc strategy and purified under HPLC. The homogeneity of the synthetic material was analyzed by ESI mass spectrometry and Edman Degradation Chemistry. The secondary structure was investigated through circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and molecular modeling. Lytic activity and peptides interaction with the membranes was also investigated through tryptophan emission, by fluorescence spectrometry. The interaction of peptides with zwitterionic and anionic vesicles was investigated through the combination of H/D exchange and ESI-mass spectrometry. Some biological activities, like: mast cell degranulation, release of cytoplasmic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase, hemolysis and antibiosis were investigated for both peptides. The CD spectra revealed that the peptides in hydrophobic environments or in presence of biological membranes have the tendency to form helix conformations; however, organized structures were not observed in aqueous or buffer solutions. The models obtained by molecular modeling show that both peptides form an amphipathic α-helix. The peptides presented a positive cooperative process in the lytic activity of vesicles, with dose-response curves presenting a sigmoidal dependence with the peptide concentration. The results of the fluorescence of tryptophans showed a shift of the emission wavelength to the blue region of the peptide Protonectarina-MP (-NH2), which was not observed for its analogue presenting the C-terminal residue in free acid form. This is indicating a greater interaction of the amidated peptide in membranes, when compared to the peptide... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Mario Sergio Palma
Coorientador: João Ruggiero Neto
Banca: Ivo Lebrun
Banca: Pietro Ciancaglini
Mestre
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Silva, Alessandra Vaso Rodrigues da [UNESP]. "Prospecção das interações mastoparano-membrana em proteolipossomos como modelo para o desenvolvimento racional de novos agentes antimicrobianos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87736.
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silva_avr_me_rcla.pdf: 1706887 bytes, checksum: eda68ea29b93397b581e427121535611 (MD5)Neste trabalho estudou-se a estrutura, função e mecanismo de ação do peptídeo antibacteriano Protonectarina-MP (isolado de veneno da vespa social Protonectarina sylveirae) tendo seu resíduo C-terminal nas formas ácida (-OH) e amidada (-NH2). Os peptídeos foram sintetizados, utilizando-se a estratégia Fmoc, purificados por cromatografia líquida de alta performance. O monitoramento do material sintético foi feito por espectrometria de massas ESI-MS e por seqüenciamento através de Química Degradativa de Edman. A estrutura secundária foi investigada pelo uso de espectroscopia de dicroísmo circular e modelagem molecular. Atividade lítica (extravasamento) e interação do resíduo de triptofano em vesículas foram investigadas pelo uso de espectrômetro de fluorescência. Foram realizados ensaios sobre as interações desses peptídeos em meio de vesículas zwitteriônicas e aniônica, formando complexos proteolipossomos que foram submetidos à troca isotópica H/D monitorada por espectrometria de massas ESI-MS e MS/MS. Além disso, foram realizados ensaios biológicos de atividade hemolítica, de desgranulação de mastócito, de liberação da enzima citoplasmática Lactato Desidrogenase e de atividade antimicrobianas. Os dados de CD revelam uma tendência dos peptídeos se estruturarem em hélice-α em ambiente hidrofóbico e em ambiente de membranas. Porém, o mesmo não pode ser observado em meio aquoso. Os modelos obtidos para ambos os peptídeos por modelagem molecular mostram uma estruturação em hélice-α anfipática. Nos ensaios de atividade lítica em vesículas, os peptídeos apresentaram um processo com cooperatividade positiva, com curvas de dose-resposta que mostram uma dependência sigmoidal com a concentração do peptídeo. Os resultados da fluorescência do triptofanos mostram um deslocamento da emissão para a região de onda do azul para o peptídeo...
In the present work was studied the structure, function and mechanism of action of the antibacterial peptide Protonectarina-MP (isolated from venom of social wasp Protonectarina sylveirae) with its carboxyamidation (-NH2) and carboxyl-free (-OH) Cterminal forms. The peptides were manually synthesized on-solid phase by using Fmoc strategy and purified under HPLC. The homogeneity of the synthetic material was analyzed by ESI mass spectrometry and Edman Degradation Chemistry. The secondary structure was investigated through circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and molecular modeling. Lytic activity and peptides interaction with the membranes was also investigated through tryptophan emission, by fluorescence spectrometry. The interaction of peptides with zwitterionic and anionic vesicles was investigated through the combination of H/D exchange and ESI-mass spectrometry. Some biological activities, like: mast cell degranulation, release of cytoplasmic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase, hemolysis and antibiosis were investigated for both peptides. The CD spectra revealed that the peptides in hydrophobic environments or in presence of biological membranes have the tendency to form helix conformations; however, organized structures were not observed in aqueous or buffer solutions. The models obtained by molecular modeling show that both peptides form an amphipathic α-helix. The peptides presented a positive cooperative process in the lytic activity of vesicles, with dose-response curves presenting a sigmoidal dependence with the peptide concentration. The results of the fluorescence of tryptophans showed a shift of the emission wavelength to the blue region of the peptide Protonectarina-MP (-NH2), which was not observed for its analogue presenting the C-terminal residue in free acid form. This is indicating a greater interaction of the amidated peptide in membranes, when compared to the peptide... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Penduka, Dambudzo. "In-vitro anti-vibrio activities of crude extracts of Garcinia Kola seeds." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/405.
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The n-Hexane, dichloromethane, methanol and aqueous crude extracts of Garcinia kola (Heckel) seeds were screened for their anti-Vibrio activities against 50 Vibrio bacteria isolated from wastewater final effluents. The 50 isolates consisted of different Vibrio species namely V. fluvialis (14), V. vulnificus (12), V. parahaemolyticus (12), V. metschnikovii (3) and 9 others unidentified to the specie level. The n-Hexane, dichloromethane and methanol extracts had activities against 16 (32 percent) of the Vibrio isolates, while the aqueous extracts had activities against 12 (24 percent) all at a screening concentration of 10 mg/ml. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were 0.313-0.625 mg/ml, 0.313-0.625 mg/ml, 0.313-2.5 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml for n-Hexane, dichloromethane, methanol and aqueous extracts respectively. Rate of kill studies were carried out against three different Vibrio species namely V. vulnificus (AL042), V. parahaemolyticus (AL049) and V. fluvialis ( AL040) using the n-Hexane, dichloromethane and methanol extracts at 1× to 4 × MICs and 2 hour exposure. About 96.3 percent, 82.2 percent, and 78.1 percent (V. fluvialis AL040); 92.6 percent, 87.8 percent and 68.9 percent (V. parahaemolyticus AL049); and 91.6 percent, 64.4 percent, 60 percent (V. vulnificus AL042) of the bacteria were killed by the crude n-Hexane, dichloromethane and methanol extracts respectively after 2 hour exposure time at 4× MIC. The patterns of activity were bacteriostatic, with the n-Hexane extracts being most effective in activity. We conclude that the Garcinia kola seeds have promise in the treatment and management of infections caused by Vibrio species.
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Ghosh, Soumya. "Metagenomic screening of cell wall hydrolases, their anti-fungal activities and potential role in wine fermentation." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96977.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The grape and wine ecosystem contains fungi, bacteria and yeasts whose interactions contribute to the final wine product. While the non-Saccharomyces yeasts are dominant in the early stage of alcoholic fermentation, the later stage is always dominated by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Although their presence in wine fermentation is often short-lived, the non-Saccharomyces yeasts are known to produce an array of extracellular hydrolytic enzymes which facilitate the extraction and release of aroma compounds, but might also play a role in microbial interactions. The present study aimed to investigate the microbial diversity of grape juice and to evaluate the potential of non-Saccharomyces yeasts to produce hydrolytic enzymes and display anti-fungal properties. To capture the microbial diversity, culture-dependent (plating) and –independent (Automated Ribosomal Intergenic Spacer Analysis (ARISA)) techniques were used in parallel. The fungal and bacterial ARISA displayed a wider range of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in comparison to cultivation-based technique, demonstrating that ARISA is a powerful culture-independent technique applicable to ecological studies in wine. Some of the uncommon yeast isolates derived from our cultivation-based study were subjected to an enzymatic screening process. Hydrolases, such as chitinases, β-1,4-cellulases, β-1,3-1,6-glucanases, β-glucosidases, pectinases and acid proteases were specifically sought. Most of the yeast isolates exhibited chitinase, β-1,4-cellulase as well as β-1,3-1,6-glucanase activities. Only Metschnikowia chrysoperlae exhibited β-glucosidase activity. We also retrieved the partial chitinase gene sequences from M. chrysoperlae, Pichia burtonii, Hyphopichia pseudoburtonii that exhibited chitinase activity. Among the isolates, Pseudozyma fusiformata exhibited a strong antagonistic activity against the wine spoilage yeasts B. bruxellensis AWRI 1499 and B. anomalus IWBT Y105. Furthermore, we showed that the killer phenotype of P. fusiformata cannot be attributed to a viral encoded dsRNA. Finally, two metagenomic approaches were employed in an attempt to explore the indigenous microbiome in a more holistic manner, where we adopted whole metagenome Roche GS-FLX 454-pyrosequencing and construction of a fosmid library. The whole metagenome sequencing revealed a wide range of hydrolytic enzymes that showed homology to enzymes from different fungal and non-Saccharomyces yeast species. Moreover, the metagenomic library screening resulted in the retrieval of 22 chitinase and 11 β-glucosidase positive fosmid clones originating from yeasts. Two clones of interest, BgluFos-G10 and ChiFos-C21, were subjected to next generation sequencing. BgluFos-G10 revealed 2 ORFs exhibiting homology to glycosyl hydrolase family 16 proteins whereas no ORFs encoding chitinase enzymes could be identified in the ChiFos-C21 clone. However, all the potential ORFs identified exhibited homology to a gene cluster from Clavispora lusitaniae ATCC 42720, suggesting that the cloned DNA fragments belonged to a yeast species closely related to C. lusitaniae or members of the family Metschnikowiaceae. Overall, our study identified a variety of novel hydrolytic enzymes. However, retrieving the full gene sequences of these identified enzymes would be the immediate follow-up of our study. Moreover, the hydrolytic and antifungal activities exhibited by the yeast isolate could be of major interest in evaluating their potential as biocontrol agents against grapevine fungal pathogens and subsequently the wine spoilage yeasts. It would be interesting to evaluate as well the potential impact of these enzymes under wine making condition and could be our next step of investigation.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die druif en wyn ekosisteme bevat swamme, bakterië en giste en die interaksies van hierdie organismes dra by tot die finale wyn produk. Die nie-Saccharomyces giste is dominant in die vroeë stadium van die alkoholiese fermentasie, maar die latere fase word altyd gedomineer deur Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Alhoewel hulle teenwoordigheid in wyngistings gewoonlik kortstondig is, is die nie-Saccharomyces giste bekend vir die produksie van ‘n verskeidenheid ekstrasellulêre hidrolitiese ensieme wat die ekstraksie en vrylating van aroma komponente fasiliteer, en ook moontlik ‘n rol kan speel in mikrobiese interaksie. Hierdie studie beoog om die mikrobiese diversiteit van druiwesap te bestudeer en die potensiaal van nie-Saccharomyces giste te evalueer ten opsigte van die produksie van hidrolitiese ensieme, asook die demonstrasie van anti-swam eienskappe. Kweking-afhanklike (uitplating), asook –onafhanklike (Automatiese Ribosomale Intergeniese Spasieerder Analise (ARISA)) tegnieke is in parallel gebruik om die mikrobiese diversiteit te bepaal. Die swam en bakteriële ARISA het ‘n groter verskeidenheid van operasionele taksinomiese eenhede (OTUe) vertoon in vergelyking met die kweking-gebasseerde tegniek en dit demonstreer dat ARISA ‘n kragtige kweking-onafhanklike tegniek is, wat toepasbaar is in ekologiese studies van wyn . Sommige van die skaarser gisisolate, uit ons kweking -gebasseerde studie was vir ensiemaktiwiteite geskandeer. Daar is spesifiek gesoek vir hidrolases soos chitinases,β-1,4-sellulases, β-1,3-1,6-glukunases, β-glukosidases, pektinases en suur proteases. Die meeste gisisolate het chitinase,β-1,4-sellulase asook β-1,3-1,6-glukunase aktiwiteit vertoon. Slegs Metschinikowia chrysoperlae het β-glukosidase aktiwiteit vertoon. Ons het verder die gedeeltelike chitinase geensekwensies van M. chrysoperlae, Pichia burtonii en Hyphopichia pseudoburtonii wat chitinase aktiwiteit vertoon het, bepaal. Een isolaat, Pseudozyma fusiformata, het ‘n sterk antagonistiese aktiwiteit teenoor die wyn bederfgiste, Bretanomyces bruxellensis AWRI 1499 en B. anomalus IWBT Y105 vertoon. Verder het ons gewys dat die killer fenotipe van P. fusiformata nie gekoppel kan word aan’n viraal gekodeerde dsRNA nie. Ten laaste is twee metagenomiese benaderings, naamlik die volledige metagenoom Roche GS-FLX 454-pirovolgordebepaling en konstruksie van ‘n fosmied biblioteek, gebruik om die inheemse mikrobioom op ‘n meer holistiese wyse te bestudeer. Die volgordebepaling van die volledige metagenoom het ‘n wye verskeidenheid hidrolitiese ensieme aan die lig gebring wat homologie met ensieme van verskillende swamme en nie-Saccharomyces gisspesies getoon het. Verder het die skandering van die metagenomiese biblioteek die isolasie van fosmiedklone van gisoorsprong wat positief is vir chitinase aktiwiteit (22 klone) en β-glukosidase aktiwiteit (11 klone) tot gevolg gehad. Twee van hierdie klone, BgluFos-G10 en ChiFos-C21, is met volgende generasie volgordebepaling ontleed. BgluFos-G10 het twee oopleesrame (OLRe) wat homologie met glikosiel hidrolase familie 16 proteïene het, vertoon maar geen OLRe wat chitinase ensieme enkodeer kon in die ChiFos-C21 kloon geïdentifiseer word nie. Al die potensiële OLRe wat geïdentifiseer is, het homologie aan ‘n genepoel van Clavispora lusitaniae ATCC 42720 vertoon, wat daarop dui dat die gekloneerde DNS fragmente aan ‘n gisspesie behoort wat naverwant aan C. lusitaniae of lede van die Metschinikowiaceae familie is. In geheel gesien het ons studie ‘n verskeidenheid van nuwe hidrolitiese ensieme geïdentifiseer. Die bepaling van die volledige geenvolgordes van hierdie geïdentifiseerde ensieme sal die onmiddelike opvolg aksie van hierdie studie wees. Verder is die hidrolitiese en anti-swam aktiwiteite wat deur die gisisolate gedemonstreer is, van hoof belang, asook die evaluering van hulle potensiaal as biokontrole agente teen wingerd swampatogene en wyn bederfgiste. Dit sal ook interessant wees om die potensiële impak van hierdie ensieme onder wynmaakkondisies te bepaal, en dit kan dus ons volgende ondersoek stap wees.
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Ben, M'henni Yosra. "Gestion de la maladie de dépérissement du pommier : criblage in vitro et in planta des activités protectrices d’une collection de microorganismes contre les Pythiacées et caractérisation chimique du principal actif produit par l’isolat A. westerdijkiae A7 Biocontrol and growth promotion potential of combined application of Trichoderma simmonsii and Aspergillus westerdijkiae in Apple root stock dieback." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS127.
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Le dépérissement du pommier est une maladie tellurique causée par plusieurs espèces Pythiacée. Il est responsable de graves dommages et de pertes d'arbres dans de nombreux vergers en Tunisie. Comme la lutte chimique contre cette maladie pose des problèmes éco toxicologiques et les moyens prophylactiques ont des efficacités limitées, d’autres moyens de lutte sont activement recherchés. L’objectif de cette thèse était d’identifier un nouvel agent de lutte biologique contre les oomycètes responsables de cette maladie à partir d’une collection d’isolats fongiques et bactériens Tunisiens comme alternative au contrôle chimique. Les isolats fongiques étudiés appartenaient aux genres Trichoderma, Aspergillus et Penicillium spp., les isolats bactériens appartenaient au genre Bacillus spp. clade subtilis. Les isolats fongiques ont fortement inhibé la croissance in vitro des Pythiacées (> 40%) par rapport aux isolats bactériens ; en particulier, les filtrats de culture des isolats A. westerdijkiae A7 et T. simmonsii A2. L'évaluation de l’activité préventive et curative contre les Pythiacées sur des porte-greffes du pommier de ces deux isolats fongiques et de la souche Bacillus B2 a montré que T. simmonsii A2 était le plus efficace lorsqu'il était appliqué à titre préventif. De même, la combinaison de la souche Bacillus B2 et de l’isolat A. westerdijkiae A7 a induit une bonne protection contre les Pythiacées en préventif. La combinaison des isolats T. simmonsii A2 et A. westerdijkiae A7 a entraîné une meilleure protection en traitement curatif, alors que la combinaison des trois isolats ensemble réduisait fortement l’activité protectrice. Notre étude révèle le potentiel des isolats Tunisiens, seuls ou en combinaison, en tant qu'agents de lutte biologique contre le dépérissement du pommier ainsi qu'un effet bénéfique supplémentaire sur la croissance végétale observé au niveau des racines et de la longueur des tiges. Ainsi, nous avons sélectionnés les meilleurs candidats agissant par antibiose pour l'identification des principaux agents actifs responsables de l'activité anti-oomycète. L'isolat A. westerdijkiae A7 a été retenu avec 100% d'inhibition de la croissance mycélienne des isolats de Pythiacées testés. Plusieurs étapes de purification successives du filtrat de culture ont permis d’identifier l'acide pénicillique (acide 3-méhoxy-5-méthyl-4-oxo-2,5-hexadiénoïque) en tant que principale molécule responsable de l’inhibition la croissance mycélienne des Pythiacées testées. Étant donné que l’acide pénicillique possède des propriétés toxiques pour la santé humaine et animale, l’isolat A. westerdijkiae A7 ne pourra pas être utilisé en tant que BCA puisqu’il produit cette mycotoxine malgré nos résultats prometteurs in planta. L’ensemble de ces travaux montre le potentiel anti-oomycète des micro-organismes in vitro qui peut différer de l’activité protectrice contre les Pythiacées in planta. Ils révèlent également la nécessité de caractériser l’ingrédient actif pour les études de toxicité nécessaire au développement d’un produit de bio-contrôleApple dieback is a telluric disease caused by several Pythiaceae species. It is responsible for serious damage and loss of trees in many orchards in Tunisia. As the chemical control of this disease poses eco-toxicological problems and the prophylactic means have limited effectiveness, other means of fight are actively sought. The objective of this thesis was to identify a new biological control agent against oomycetes responsible for this disease from a collection of Tunisian fungal and bacterial isolates as an alternative to chemical control. The fungal isolates studied belonged to the genera Trichoderma, Aspergillus and Penicillium spp., The bacterial isolates to the genus Bacillus spp. clade subtilis. Fungal isolates strongly inhibited the growth of Pythiaceae in vitro (> 40%) compared to bacterial isolates; in particular, the culture filtrates of isolates A. westerdijkiae A7 and T. simmonsii A2. The evaluation of the preventive and curative activity against Pythiaceae on apple rootstocks of these two fungal isolates and of the Bacillus B2 strain showed that T. simmonsii A2 was the most effective when applied preventively. Likewise, the combination of the Bacillus B2 strain and the A. westerdijkiae A7 isolate induced good protection against Pythiaceae as a preventive measure. The combination of the T. simmonsii A2 and A. westerdijkiae A7 isolates resulted in better protection in curative therapy, while the combination of the three isolates together greatly reduced the protective activity. Our study reveals the potential of Tunisian isolates, alone or in combination, as biological control agents against apple dieback as well as an additional beneficial effect on plant growth observed at the level of the roots and the length of the stems. Thus, we have selected the best candidates acting by antibiosis for the identification of the main active agents responsible for anti-oomycete activity. The A. westerdijkiae A7 isolate was retained with 100% inhibition of mycelial growth of the Pythiaceae isolates tested. Several successive purification steps of the culture filtrate made it possible to identify penicillic acid (3-mehoxy-5-methyl-4-oxo-2,5-hexadienoic acid) as the main molecule responsible for inhibiting growth mycelia of the Pythiaceae tested. Since penicillic acid has toxic properties for human and animal health, isolate A. westerdijkiae A7 cannot be used as BCA since it produces this mycotoxin despite our promising results in planta. All of this work shows the anti-oomycete potential of microorganisms in vitro, which may differ from the protective activity against Pythiaceae in planta. They also reveal the need to characterize the active molecule for the toxicity studies necessary for the development of a biocontrol product
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Lin, Tsen-Fang, and 林岑芳. "Studies on anti-microbial, anti-oxidation and anti-inflammatory activities of two essential oils from Mentha piperita." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9p8s6n.
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碩士嘉南藥理科技大學
化妝品科技研究所
99
Essential oil has been used in the food, cosmetic industry, medicine. Mint is a traditional and broad medicinal efficacy spectrum of herbs. In Mentha piperita, the peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) has mild and cool scent and chocolate mint (Mentha piperita L.) has pleasant flavor. Both adapt to the overall climate of Taiwan and they are breeding throughout the year. This study was to analyze the compositions of essential oils of mint by GC-MS analysis and to compare with tea tree oil as well as antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The result showed the two kinds of mint essential oils contains more alcohol and terpenes and the major compound was menthol. The antimicrobial abilities of peppermint and chocolate mint against P. aeruginosa, C. albicans, S. aureus and P. acnes were better than tea tree oil did. For the anti-oxidation test including scavenging the DPPH radical and β-CaroVtene-linoleic acid assay, peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) showed better properties than chocolate mint (Mentha piperita L.) However, for the scavenging NO radical activity, chocolate mint and peppermint essential oils were better than α-tocopherol as well as tea tree oil. Chocolate mint had better anti-inflammatory activity than α-bisabolol did, however, peppermint displayed the weakest effect in this test.
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Li, Sin-yi, and 李欣怡. "Studies on anti-microbial, anti-oxidation, and anti-inflammatory activities of Rosemary essential oils in different seasons." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19097068308622493818.
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碩士嘉南藥理科技大學
化妝品科技研究所
98
Rosemary (R. officinalis L.) belongs to the Lamiaceae family. Rosemary essential oil is used for several pharmaceutical applications, as cardiovascular diseases, hepatoprotection. It also has many biological activities such as anti-inflammation, antitumor, anticancer. Essential oil is a secondary metabolites of plant. The components of essential oil are affected by soil, temperature, climate, sunlight and harvest season. In this study, three species of rosemary including Rosmarinus officinalis L, Rosmarinus officinalis Rex and Rosmarinus officinalis Prostratus were harvested in the spring (March) and Autumn (October). The essential oils were extracted and analyzed. Different harvest seasons influenced the compositions of rosemary essential oils by GC-MS. All the test essential oils had antimicrobial activities against P. acnes, S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, C. albicans and P. ovale. In DPPH test, the essential oils from Rosmarinus officinalis L and Rosmarinus officinalis “Prostratus” collected in autumn showed higher scavenging properties than those collected in spring. However, the essential oils harvested in spring revealed higher antioxidant activities than those harvested in autumn by β-carotene bleaching test. The Rosmarinus officinalis “Prostratus” essential oil from Spring expressed the greatest NO scavenging effect on Griess method. In the assay of anti-inflammatory activity, Rosmarinus officinalis L from Spring represented the greatest inhibitory effect on 5-lipoxygense among six essential oils.
Books on the topic "Anti-microbial Activities"
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Russell, A. D. Understanding antibacterial action and resistance. Chichester, West Sussex: Ellis Horwood, 1990.
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Handbook Of Plant Compounds With Anti-microbial, Anti-cancer, And Anti-viral Activities. CRC Press, 2004.
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Vairappan, Charles S. Ecological Chemicals as Ecosystem Function Mediaters and Potential Lead Pharmaceuticals. UMS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51200/ecologicalchemicalsumspress2021-978-967-2962-94-6.
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Relationship between functioning ecosystem services and human wellbeing has been established as a bridge connecting nature and society. It has also become central pillar of sustainability science and dictates the paradigms of sustainable development. But, conceptual frameworks that systematically integrates the important roles played by natural ecological chemicals by establishing empirical links between the nature and ecology not only varies, but lacks clear support. The value of ecological chemicals as ecosystem derived natural products warrants explicit acknowledgement, only then trade-offs between services and prioritization of policy can be realised. In the last 20 years, important roles played by the ecological chemicals in Bornean terrestrial and marine ecosystems were investigated and reported. Terrestrial plants produce Volatile Organic Chemicals (VOCs) and structurally interesting secondary metabolites that facilitate their ecological processes that are aimed to establish communication such as defence, attraction, deterrent and territorial marking. Some of the most commonly utilized herbs and plants of traditional medicine importance showed very interesting chemical constituents, that justify their traditional utilization for human wellbeing. The role of VOCs that originated from animal diet and emitted through decomposition of faeces, was traced back to their important role as attractants of insects, particularly dung beetles that facilitates the remineralization of faeces and returns C and N to soil as to replenish global C and N-sink. Marine flora and fauna are perhaps the most vivid producers of structurally interesting secondary metabolites with more than one ecological functions. Halogenated secondary metabolites produced by red algae Laurencia are unique in their structural design and exhibited multiple biological potentials. Similarly, soft corals in the Sulu-Sulawesi Coral Triangle produced a huge diversity of terpenoids and functions as feeding deterrents of these soft bodied invertebrates. Ecological chemicals obtained from the Bornean biodiversity also exhibited a wide array of medically important biological activities such as anti-microbial, anti-inflammation, anti-anticancer and serves an important array of lead pharmaceuticals. Some of these compounds are very potent and have been patented as lead-pharmaceutical candidates from Bornean natural products. Hence, ecological chemicals are important natural products that regulate ecological processes that ensures ecological balance in tropical ecosystems. Humans who are the custodians of natural ecosystem, stand to benefit directly and indirectly when we practice sustainable utilization and regulation of our natural resources.
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Understanding antibacterial action and resistance. ellis horwood limited, 1990.
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Melchers, Leo S., Anne S. Ponstein, Marianne B. Sela-Buurlage, Sandra A. Vloemans, and J. C. Corneussen Ben. "In Vitro Anti-Microbial Activities of Defense Proteins and Biotechnology." In Developments in Plant Pathology, 401–10. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1737-1_125.
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Omosimua, R. O., B. D. Macham, A. Onanuga, B. T. Thomas, C. O. Ugbomor, G. Iyappan, S. Ramalingam, A. S. Afolabi, and Sunday Asuquo Thomas. "Anti-oxidant and Anti-microbial Activities of Flavonoids from the Fruit Extract of Dacryodes edulis." In Phytomedicine, 131–37. First edition. | Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2020.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003014898-13.
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Zygadlo, Julio A., María P. Zunino, Romina P. Pizzolitto, Carolina Merlo, Alejandra Omarini, and José S. Dambolena. "Antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of essential oils and their components including modes of action." In Essential Oils and Nanotechnology for Treatment of Microbial Diseases, 99–126. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315209241-4.
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Shaaban, Hamdy A., and Amr Farouk. "Potential Antimicrobial Activities of Terpenoids." In Terpenoids: Recent Advances in Extraction, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 279–97. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9781681089645122010014.
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The antimicrobial effect of essential oils and their main constituents, the terpenoids, has been generally reviewed in this article, with a comparative investigation of the structure-activity relationship. Terpenoids are widespread metabolites in plants belonging to different chemical classes, whereas oxygenated derivatives constitute the predominates. They could be classified as diterpenes, triterpenes, tetraterpenes, or hemiterpenes and sesquiterpenes. As crude materials, terpenoids are also broadly utilized in drug, food, and beauty care product ventures. Terpenoids have antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antimalarial effects, promote transdermal absorption, prevent and treat cardiovascular diseases, and hypoglycemic activities. Moreover, terpenoids have many critical uses as insecticides, immunoregulators, antioxidants, antiaging, and neuroprotection agents. Terpenoids have a complicated construction with assorted impacts and various components of activity. Using plants – containing – terpenoids as neutraceuticals in the nutrition of humans and animals also constitutes a potential issue as natural inhibitors for microbes. These phytochemicals are generally conveyed in soil products and are particularly helpful in food protection as microbial development inhibitors.
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Prakash, Dhan, and Charu Gupta. "Phytopharmaceutical Applications of Nutraceutical and Functional Foods." In Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 182–204. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7039-4.ch008.
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Nutraceuticals are actually “Bioactive herbal formulations” that contains selective combinations of specific bioactive constituents of plants and/or their parts that possess health-promotive, disease preventing and medicinal properties. The important phytochemical constituents commonly found in plants are polyphenols, flavonoids, isoflavonoids, anthocyanidins, carotenoids, fibers, limonoids, glucosinolates, phytoestrogens, phytosterols and terpenoids. They play positive pharmacological activities in human health such as antioxidant activity, anti-microbial activity, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, anti-spasmodic, chemo-preventive, hepato-protective, neuro-protective, hypolipidemic, hypotensive, anti-aging, diabetes, osteoporosis, repair DNA damage, heart diseases, diuretic, Central Nervous System (CNS) stimulant, immuno-modulator, carminative, Thus the present chapter summarizes the phyto-pharmaceutical applications of nutraceuticals and functional foods and would lay emphasis on its importance for future generations for their well-being.
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Rahmatullah, Mohammed, Khoshnur Jannat, Gerald R. Reeck, Rownak Jahan, Taufiq Rahman, Nasrin A. Shova, and Maidul Islam. "Ethnic Use, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology of Cyperus rotundus." In Research Anthology on Recent Advancements in Ethnopharmacology and Nutraceuticals, 431–53. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3546-5.ch023.
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Cyperus rotundus (nut grass in English) is a perennial erect sedge plant and is distributed in over 90 countries of the world, where it has been mostly classified as a highly invasive weed. Despite this classification, the plant has been considered from traditional times to be medicinally important. The traditional uses of the plant in various countries include uses against various gastrointestinal tract disorders, skin diseases, leprosy, fever, and neurological disorders. Evaluation of the plant and especially its rhizomes in a scientific manner has revealed the presence of numerous phytochemicals and wide-ranging pharmacological activities, which include anti-microbial, gastrointestinal, wound healing, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-malarial, anti-obesity, hepatoprotective, and anti-pyretic activity. The scientific validation of a number of traditional uses strongly indicates that the plant may prove useful in the discovery of a number of lead compounds and novel drugs.
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Rahmatullah, Mohammed, Khoshnur Jannat, Gerald R. Reeck, Rownak Jahan, Taufiq Rahman, Nasrin A. Shova, and Maidul Islam. "Ethnic Use, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacology of Cyperus rotundus." In Advances in Medical Diagnosis, Treatment, and Care, 82–104. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1320-0.ch005.
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Cyperus rotundus (nut grass in English) is a perennial erect sedge plant and is distributed in over 90 countries of the world, where it has been mostly classified as a highly invasive weed. Despite this classification, the plant has been considered from traditional times to be medicinally important. The traditional uses of the plant in various countries include uses against various gastrointestinal tract disorders, skin diseases, leprosy, fever, and neurological disorders. Evaluation of the plant and especially its rhizomes in a scientific manner has revealed the presence of numerous phytochemicals and wide-ranging pharmacological activities, which include anti-microbial, gastrointestinal, wound healing, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-malarial, anti-obesity, hepatoprotective, and anti-pyretic activity. The scientific validation of a number of traditional uses strongly indicates that the plant may prove useful in the discovery of a number of lead compounds and novel drugs.
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Kaur, Navneet. "Nanoantimicrobials." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 146–65. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1924-0.ch008.
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One of the major issues food technologists deal with is food preservation and safety. Growth of micro-organisms in food poses risk to its quality and safety. Moreover, resistance of food spoilage micro-organisms against various chemical food preservatives has led to an emergence of novel antimicrobial agents with improved action and low rates of microbial resistance. Development in nanotechnology has led to the production of nanoparticles that are not only safe but also effective to resolve the problem of microbial resistance. Nanoantimicrobials have shown improved bioactive performances and controlled toxicity to human beings. They are steadily gaining popularity and the trend will continue in coming years. The chapter gives a comprehensive view of nanoantimicrobials of organic and inorganic origin, various mechanisms adopted by these nanoparticles for the destruction of micro-organisms, factors affecting anti-microbial activities of these particles along with their applications in various fields of food technology.
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Garg, Saksham, Nikita Sharma, and Asmita Das. "Plant-Derived Antimicrobial Peptides Are Effective in Combating the Pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2, a Novel Therapeutic Approach." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde220796.
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The pandemic that started in 2019 in Wuhan caused a vast number of deaths worldwide due to the absence of effective therapy against SARS-CoV-2. The present study investigates the interaction of AMP with viral protein and host receptors. We screened plant-derived antimicrobial peptides (AMP) from the docking web server with the help of PDB ID. We selected five anti-microbial peptides based on their antiviral and physiological activities. The interaction of anti-microbial peptide and Mpro was analyzed using the HADDOCK web server. The results revealed that the minimum Z-score was obtained by the 6LU7-1N4N complex followed by 6LU7-1GPS docked complex. The docking results showed the interaction potency of AMP with 6LU7. The dynamic simulation study of 100ns was performed to check the stability of the docked complexes of AMP and 6LU7. From the stable and positive results of dynamics studies, we can conclude that these selected AMPs have immense potential to be used as therapeutic agents for the treatment of disease.
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Brindha Devi, Parthiban, and Ridhanya Jeyaseelan. "Natural Medicinal Compounds from Marine Fungi towards Drug Discovery: A Review." In Drug Design - Novel Advances in the Omics Field and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94137.
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Marine fungi are species of fungi which live in estuaries environment and marine environment. These species are found in common habitat. Marine fungi are rich in antimicrobial compounds such as anthrones, cephalosporins, peptides, steroids. These compounds which are derived mainly focused in the area of anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-fungal, anti-microbial, anti-fouling activity. Bioactive terpene compounds are produced by marine fungi and marine derived fungi can produce sclerotides, trichoderins. Marine fungi have become the richest sources of biologically active metabolites and structurally novel in the marine environment. In a recent study the marine derived fungi dichotomomyces cejpii exhibits activity towards cannabinoid which is used to treat alzheimer dementia. Aspergillus unguis showed significant acetyl cholinesterase besides its anti-oxidant activity. These acts as a promising intent for discovery of pharmaceutically important metabolites like alkaloids, peptides. Computational (in silico) strategies have been developed and broadly applied to pharmacology advancement and testing. This review summarizes the bioactive compounds derived from marine fungi in accordance with the sources and their biological activities.
Conference papers on the topic "Anti-microbial Activities"
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Sahoo, Debasish, Virendra Vaishnav, Tanushree Chatterjee, and Navita Gupta. "HERBAL DIETARY SUPPLEMENT – A MODERN APPROACH IN COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE (CAM) IN HEALTH CARE SCIENCE." In International Conference on Public Health and Medical Sciences. Goodwood Conferences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35912/icophmeds.v1i1.24.
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Preliminary pharmacological study of herbal based dietary supplement formulation based on extracts or whole plants derived from fruits, root, berries, macrofungus and leaves as a promising, safe and effective alternative to synthetic and pharmaceutical dietary supplements, in-vitro studies such as antibacterial, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity for extract of dietary supplements. Nutritional assessment of nutritional attributes as suggested by AOAC method, Phytochemical analysis by standard chemical procedures, Quantitative estimate Alkaloid, Flavonoid, Phenolic, Tannin. In-vitro studies of anti-microbial (well diffusion), anti-oxidant assay (DPPH assay), anti-inflammatory assay (albumin denaturation assay). FTIR analysis for detection of different functional group. The finding suggest that the plant extract have a better nutritional aspect. The extracts for the food supplement showed positive results for anti-microbial, anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. More studies has to be concluded in respect to in-vivo tests that will conclude other pharmacological aspect of the food supplements. Reduced concentration of heavy metals and other contaminants will increase the therapeutical potency of the supplement. Stability, hold time study, dose and dosage form must be concluded in respect to achieve maximum efficacy. The herbal dietary supplement tend to better option against chemical based multi-vitamins and dietary supplements. These will enact the general well-being along with other pharmacological activities due to presence of phytochemicals present in the supplement.
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Wang, J., R. Dagher, J. Kearley, W. Barakat, D. Soussan, I. Poirier, C. C. Chiang, et al. "Proteomic Profiling Reveals Heterogeneity of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with Differential Anti-Microbial, Pro-Survival and Lung Regeneration Activities." In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a6129.
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Reinoso, Zain Sanchez, Jacinthe Thibodeau, Laila Ben Said, Ismail Fliss, Laurent Bazinet, and Sergey Mikhaylin. "Bioactive Peptide Production from Slaughterhouse Blood Proteins: Impact of Pulsed Electric Fields and Ph on Enzyme Inactivation, Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Peptic Hydrolysates from Bovine and Porcine Hemoglobins." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/fsht2150.
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Slaughterhouse blood is a valuable by-product since multiple bioactive compounds can be derived out of it. Its solid fraction consists mainly of hemoglobin, which is a good source of antimicrobial and antioxidant peptides that can be released by peptic hydrolysis. Nevertheless, this method has limitations such as low yield, expensive cost of enzyme process, and non-eco-friendly production (high energy consumption and chemical reagents requested). Amount the alternative green technologies for protein valorization, pulsed electric field (PEF) stands out since it allows modifying the physicochemical properties of proteins, promoting the enzymatic hydrolysis, enzyme inactivation, and bioactivity enhancement. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of PEF on the pepsin inactivation and biological activities (antimicrobial and antioxidant) in hemoglobin hydrolysates. Bovine and porcine hemoglobins were hydrolyzed with pepsin for 3 h (37°C, pH 3.0) and treated with PEF (73 pulses, 23.8kV/cm, 90Hz) to inactivate the enzyme. The hydrolysis degree was evaluated, which did not show significant changes after PEF-inactivation of pepsin, whereas the peptide population analysis by RP-UPLC-MS/MS showed some changes in PEF-treated hydrolysates over time, which suggested a residual pepsin activity. Additionally, the impact of pH (3, 7, and 10) on bioactivity was studied. PEF-treatments did not show a significant impact on antimicrobial (antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-yeast activities) and antioxidant activities (DPPH and ORAC). However, higher pH fostered stronger anti-yeast activity (R. mucilaginosa) and DPPH‐scavenging capacity, whereas pH 7 fostered the antifungal activity (M. racemosus). Even though some changes were observed in the peptide population, no negative effects of PEF were found for biological activities. Thus, the utilization of hemoglobin from the meat industry combined with PEF-treatment fits the circular economy concept since derived peptides can be recycled to protect meat and other products against microbial growth and oxidation.