Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Anti-inflammatory agents'
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1
Jeffers, Melanie Diane. "Tannins as Anti-inflammatory Agents." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1154451707.
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Perkins, Akeysha A. "Polymeric polyphenols as anti-inflammatory agents." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1182258706.
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Chan, Sui Yung. "Transdermal delivery of anti-inflammatory agents." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334523.
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Terra, Barbadora Ximena. "GRAPE-SEED PROCYANIDINS AS ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/8672.
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L'obesitat és un estat inflamatori que porta a l'activació crònica de la resposta immune caracteritzada per la inducció de gens i mediadors proinflamatoris. L'objectiu principal d'aquesta tesi va ser estudiar els efectes antiinflamatoris de les procianidines i les possibles dianes moleculars modulades per aquests flavonoids. Degut al paper central del macròfag en la inducció de inflamació sistèmica, vam analitzar els efectes d'un extracte de procianidines en un model d'inflamació in vitro. Utilitzant models d'obesitat i síndrome metabòlic en rata, vam avaluar els efectes antiinflamatoris de les procianidines in vivo. Els resultats indiquen que les procianidines actuen com antiinflamatoris in vitro inhibint la resposta inflamatòria al macròfag i in vivo com agents preventius tant de la inflamació local com sistèmica, modulant els nivells de mediadors inflamatoris. Aquests resultats indiquen que les procianidines podrien ser candidats per la suplementació dietètica i components d'aliments funcionals per la prevenció de malalties amb component inflamatòria.Once established that obesity is an inflammatory condition leading to chronic activation of the immune system response, the aim of this thesis was to characterize and understand if dietary procyanidins could modulate the low grade inflammatory response related to obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome. Due to the central role of macrophages in obesity induced low-grade inflammation, we analyzed procyanidin effects in an in vitro model of inflammation. By using rat models of obesity, we also assessed procyanidin anti-inflammatory effects in vivo. To sum up, our results showed that procyanidins act as anti-inflammatory agents both in vitro, by modulating the macrophage inflammatory response, and in vivo, by preventing both local and systemic inflammation through the modulation the inflammatory mediators. In conclusion, the use of procyandins will represent an additional nutritional approach that, in association with lifestyle interventions, would improve the obesity induced inflammation and as a consequence ameliorate the metabolic syndrome.
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Johns, Gianmarc Grazioli. "Structural requirements for time-dependent and time-independent inhibition of prostaglandin synthase I (COX-1) /." Click here for download, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1303296611&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Elias, Amer N. "Formulation of topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents." Thesis, Aston University, 1987. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/12538/.
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Reversed-pahse high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods were developed for the assay of indomethacin, its decomposition products, ibuprofen and its (tetrahydro-2-furanyl)methyl-, (tetrahydro-2-(2H)pyranyl)methyl- and cyclohexylmethyl esters. The development and application of these HPLC systems were studied. A number of physico-chemical parameters that affect percutaneous absorption were investigated. The pKa values of indomethacin and ibuprofen were determined using the solubility method. Potentiometric titration and the Taft equation were also used for ibuprofen. The incorporation of ethanol or propylene glycol in the solvent resulted in an improvement in the aqueous solubility of these compounds. The partition coefficients were evaluated in order to establish the affinity of these drugs towards the stratum corneum. The stability of indomethacin and of ibuprofen esters were investigated and the effect of temperature and pH on the decomposition rates were studied. The effect of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide on the alkaline degradation of indomethacin was also followed. In the presence of alcohol, indomethacin alcoholysis was observed and the kinetics of decomposition were subjected to non-linear regression analysis and the rate constants for the various pathways were quantified. The non-isothermal, sufactant non-isoconcentration and non-isopH degradation of indomethacin were investigated. The analysis of the data was undertaken using NONISO, a BASIC computer program. The degradation profiles obtained from both non-iso and iso-kinetic studies show that there is close concordance in the results. The metabolic biotransformation of ibuprofen esters was followed using esterases from hog liver and rat skin homogenates. The results showed that the esters were very labile under these conditions. The presence of propylene glycol affected the rates of enzymic hydrolysis of the ester. The hydrolysis is modelled using an equation involving the dielectric constant of the medium. The percutaneous absorption of indomethacin and of ibuprofen and its esters was followed from solutions using an in vitro excised human skin model. The absorption profiles followed first order kinetics. The diffusion process was related to their solubility and to the human skin/solvent partition coefficient. The percutaneous absorption of two ibuprofen esters from suspensions in 20% propylene glycol-water were also followed through rat skin with only ibuprofen being detected in the receiver phase. The sensitivity of ibuprofen esters to enzymic hydrolysis compared to the chemical hydrolysis may prove valuable in the formulation of topical delivery systems.
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Qi, Ji. "Cane Toad Skin Extracts as Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Cancer Agents." Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365729.
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The skin of the toads is known to be rich in bufadienolide compounds (a group of cardiac glycosides) that exhibit antitumor activity. For example, Huachansu (Cinobufacini), the aqueous extracts from the dried toad skin of Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor or Bufo melanostictus Schneider, has been widely used in clinical therapy for various cancers in China. Clinical data have indicated that Cinobufacini may have significant anticancer activity with low toxicity and few side effects. Data to date suggest that treatment with Cinobufacini may also enhance the quality of life for patients with cancer. Huachansu contains several groups of compounds including peptides, bufadienolides/cardiac glycosides, cholesterols, indole alkaloids, bufogargarizanines, organic acid, and others. Bufadienolides, such as bufalin, cinobufagin, resibufogenin, and telocinobufagin, are responsible for the anti-cancer properties of Huachansu through disruption of the cell cycle and consequent inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, suppression of the NF-B pathway, immunomodulation and reversal of multi-drug resistance. The Australian cane toad (Bufo marinus) is also known as a source of bufadienolides, therefore is also considered as a new source of candidate lead compounds for drug development. Previous studies have shown that cane toad skin aqueous extracts (CTSAE) exhibited a stronger cardiac glycosides-like activity than the extracts of other organic solvents and have a suppression effect on Na+, K+‐ATPase in experimental models. However, no assay was performed to clarify the chemical constituents and pharmaceutical effects of CTSAE on cancer cells in previous studies.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Medical Science
Griffith Health
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Simi, Anastasia. "Molecular basis for the anti-inflammatory properties of chlomethiazole /." Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-621-9/.
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Smith, Dustin Ryan. "Studies of natural and synthetic anti-inflammatory compounds." Oklahoma City : [s.n.], 2004.
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Checon, Juliana Tibério [UNESP]. "Atividade anti-inflamatória do extrato liofilizado de Physalis angulata L. em cultura de queratinócitos humanos e seu potencial como ativo dermocosméstico." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91648.
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A pele é uma importante barreira biológica que interage com inúmeros estímulos ambientais. O desequilíbrio entre essas interações pode resultar em alterações metabólicas importantes, como processos inflamatórios freqüentes e agressivos ao tecido cutâneo. Assim, produtos com atividade anti-inflamatória tópica são de grande interesse farmacêutico e cosmético. Physalis angulata L. (camapú) da família Solanaceae ocorre principalmente nas regiões Norte e Nordeste do Brasil, onde é usado na medicina popular como anti-inflamatório e no tratamento de problemas da pele. Com base nestas informações, a espécie foi escolhida para esse estudo, onde avaliamos a atividade anti-inflamatória do extrato de camapú em culturas de queratinócitos humanos. Culturas de queratinócitos foram sensibilizadas com LPS (200 μg/ml) e depois tratadas com o extrato hidrometanólico (70%) liofilizado de camapú nas concentrações 15,23; 7,62; 3,81 μL/mL. Avaliamos a atividade anti-inflamatória no sobrenadante das culturas pela quantificação dos mediadores: Interleucinas 1 alfa (IL-1α), 6 (IL-6) e 10 (IL-10), prostaglandina E2 (PGE2) e histamina através de ensaios imunoenzimáticos (ELISA). Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística (ANOVA e Dunnett). As duas menores concentrações do extrato foram capazes de reduzir a síntese de histamina em até 70% e, em média, 50% da síntese de PGE2, em comparação aos controles incubados apenas com LPS.A maior concentração avaliada do extrato reduziu em 60% a produção de IL-6 e houve diminuição de 30% para as outras duas concentrações quando comparadas ao controle inflamado, enquanto que as duas maiores concentrações do extrato reduziram em 45% a síntese de IL-1 α. Para o perfil da citocina anti-inflamatória IL-10 apenas a menor concentração do extrato foi capaz de aumentar em 40% a concentração dessa interleucina no...
The skin, as the primary interface between the body and the environment can respond to a great range of environmental stimuli. Altered responses can lead to important alterations in the tissue physiology such as an excessive inflammation condition, which can produce effects ranging from mild discomfort to permanent impairment of tissue integrity. The pharmaceutical and cosmetic use of natural products is increasing; therefore, products with potential anti inflammatory activity are very significant for the research in this area. Physalis angulata L. belongs to the Solanaceae family and grows in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil where it is known as Camapu. It is used in popular medicine as anti inflammatory and for skin disorders. Based on this information the extract of this species was assayed in the search for anti inflammatory activity on human keratinocytes cultures. Theses cultures were incubated with LPS (200μg/ml) and then treated with hydromethanolic (70%) extract of lyophilized P. angulata at three concentrations (1.523x10-2, 7.62x10-3, e 3.81x10-3 mg/ml). We evaluated the anti inflammatory activity in cultures supernatants through quantification of inflammatory mediators: Interleukine-6 (IL-6) and 10 (IL-10), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and histamine.Statistical analysis was performed (ANOVA e Dunnett) and significant difference was taken as p < 0.05. At the lower concentrations the extract was able to reduce 70% the concentration of histamine and 50% of prostaglandin E2. IL-6 concentrations were reduced by the three concentrations of the extract compared to LPS controls, while the two higher concentrations of the extract reduced by 45% the synthesis of IL-1α.For the profile of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 the lowest concentration of the extract was able to increase 40% its concentration in the culture supernatant.These result ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Momani, Aiman A. "Assessment of the impact of the West Virginia Medicaid's prior authorization policy for NSAIDs on chronic patients economic and humanistic outcomes /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=847.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 1999.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 150 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 124-128).
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Chak, Man-lee Charlotta. "A retrospective study on the effectiveness of anti-ulcer drugs in the prevention of nonsteroidal inflammatory drugs (NSAID)-induced gastrointestinal effects." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31971453.
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Toft, Simonsen Henrik. "Ethnopharmacological and phytochemical investigation of Melicope species from Réunion Island /." Cph. : Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, 2002. http://www.dfh.dk/phd/defences/Henrik%20Toft%20Simonsen.html.
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Basavaraju, Umesh. "Inflammatory biomarkers of colorectal neoplasia and their manipulation by an anti-inflammatory diet." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2011. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=182290.
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Colorectal neoplasia (CRN) continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world and with westernisation, similar trends are now emerging in the developing world. Although secondary prevention through screening programmes has reduced mortality, uptake remains poor due to the invasive nature of colonoscopy, which also exerts increased costs to the health care system. Primary prevention remains the ultimate aim to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with CRN. In this regard, chemoprevention strategies through regular use of aspirin and other NSAIDS have showed great promise but the associated significant side-effects of these drugs has prevented their routine clinical application for this purpose. Hence there is an urgent need for the identification of safer alternatives for primary prevention of CRN. In parallel to this search, better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of CRN to identify biomarkers that aid in stratification of at risk individuals would also help. In this regard, the role of chronic inflammation and the influence of host genetics in the pathogenesis of CRN has been the focus of extensive research in recent years. However there is a lack of studies which have investigated these associations in an exclusively screened population, which confers some advantages for this type of investigation. Firstly, most of the screened subjects are relatively healthy, asymptomatic and with no significant co-morbidities, the factors which could otherwise influence the levels of inflammatory markers. Secondly, the screened population is in the 50 to74 year age group which represents the group with a high prevalence of CRN and hence increasing the possibility of finding associations which would be more relevant and generalisable. Thirdly, the selected controls match the cases in all important respects, apart from having CRN, thus increasing the validity of the findings in this population. The Grampian region was one of the first in the UK to participate in the National Colorectal Cancer Screening Programme and this resource gave the ideal opportunity to conduct research involving an exclusively screened population. Utilising this cohort, the current thesis addressed three important aspects of the association between inflammation and CRN. Firstly the investigation of the association of inflammatory genotype, inflammatory phenotype and CRN risk. Secondly the impact of environmental factors, specifically dietary antiinflammatory salicylic acid intakes on CRN risk. And finally assessing if inflammation, and hence in the long term risk of CRN, could be attenuated through a comprehensive anti-inflammatory dietary supplementation in the form of a randomised dietary intervention clinical trial. The study of the association of polymorphisms in key inflammatory genes (IL1B- 31, IL8-251, IL6-174, TNFα-308, IL10-1082, IL10-592, PTGS2-765, and IL1RN VNTR) and CRN risk showed some significant findings. A novel finding was that the homozygous IL1B-31C*C genotype was associated with statistically significant increased risk of CRN, OR 1.63 (95% CI 1.06-2.50) whilst the IL8-251 A*A genotype increased the propensity of having high risk lesions by two-fold (OR 2.04; 95% CI 1.02-4.07). The study of circulating inflammatory marker levels in subjects in whom the CRN was in-situ showed that increased CRP levels were associated with increased risk of CRN, OR 1.55 (95% CI 1.00-2.39). Increased levels of IL8 were associated with increased risk of having a high risk lesion, OR 2.57 (95% CI 1.03-6.44). In a sub group of subjects, it was observed that levels IL8 and CRP decreased following polypectomy (mean IL8 20.3 pg/ml to 14.9 pg/ml, p=0.05 and mean CRP 5.99 mg/l to 3.82 mg/l, p=0.07) raising an important question regarding the sequence of the inflammation-neoplasia cascade, “Is inflammation the cause or the effect of neoplasia?” The study of the association of dietary salicylic acid (SA) and CRN using the newly constructed SA database showed that high levels of total SA (aspirin and dietary SA) intakes were associated with a 75% and moderate levels with a 67% decreased risk of CRN. But dietary SA on its own showed no significant effect on CRN risk probably because of low intake levels in the current cohort. Applying the SA database to populations with higher dietary SA intake would help to further explore its association with CRN risk. The randomised clinical trial examining the effect of a combined antiinflammatory dietary supplement (curcumin, omega-3 PUFA and polyphenols rich fruit smoothie) on markers of inflammation in subjects who had adenomatous colorectal polyps removed showed that the inflammatory marker levels in the control group who just continued their habitual diet remained stable without any statistically significant changes at 6 weeks compared to the baseline. Whereas following 6 weeks of dietary intervention, there was marginally significant increase in IL8 and IL1B levels. One of the possible mechanisms for increase in pro-inflammatory marker levels in the intervention group was the weight gain seen in the intervention group. In the intervention group, the post-intervention mean weight (86.80kgs) was significantly higher than the pre-intervention mean weight (85.38 kgs). In summary, the findings from these investigations suggest that a proinflammatory genotype (IL1B-31C*C and IL8-251 A*A) and elevated circulating inflammatory marker levels (CRP and IL8) are associated with increased risk of CRN. And along with the findings that regular NSAID use and total dietary SA are associated with decreased risk of CRN, our data point to inflammation as an underlying pathogenetic mechanism in CRN. The pilot clinical trial has demonstrated that a clinical trial with combined dietary supplementation is feasible, but challenging. The anti-inflammatory dietary intervention strategy employed to reduce the inflammatory markers did not achieve the desired effect and hence more research is required to establish the ideal delivery strategy of the anti-inflammatory dietary agents. Once this is established, dietary chemoprevention of CRN as a safe alternative should be a realistic achievable goal in the future.
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Butler, Gregory James. "Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and skin cancer /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19122.pdf.
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Chambers, Mark Geoffrey. "The development of natural murine osteoarthritis : a quantitative cytochemical study." Thesis, Brunel University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260285.
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Sasane, Rahul Madhukar. "Assessment of the effectiveness of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) algorithm in an integrated healthcare system /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Tettey-Amlalo, Ralph Nii Okai. "Application of dermal microdialysis and tape stripping methods to determine the bioavailability and/or bioequivalence of topical ketoprofen formulations." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003274.
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The widespread acceptance of topical formulations intended for local and/or regional activity has prompted renewed interest in developing a model to determine the bioavailability of drugs in order to establish bioequivalence as a means of evaluating formulation performance of multisource products and also for use during formulation development. Current in vivo techniques such as blister suction and skin biopsy amongst others used to determine the bioavailability and/or bioequivalence of topical formulations are either too invasive to generate appropriate concentration-time profiles or require large numbers of study subjects thereby making the study expensive and time-consuming. Moreover, there are currently no sampling techniques that can demonstrate dermal bioavailability and/or bioequivalence of topical formulations intended for local and/or regional activity. Dermal microdialysis is a relatively new application of microdialysis that permits continuous monitoring of endogenous and/or exogenous solutes in the interstitial fluid. The technique is involves the implantation of semi-permeable membranes which are perfused with an isotonic medium at extremely slow flow rates and collection of microlitre sample volumes containing diffused drugs. Tape stripping, a relatively older technique, has been extensively used in comparative bioavailability studies of various topical formulations. However, due to shortcomings arising from reproducibility and inter-subject variation amongst others, the published FDA guidance outlining the initial protocol was subsequently withdrawn. The incorporation of transepidermal water loss with tape stripping has garnered renewed interest and has been used for the determination of drug bioavailability from a number of topical formulations. Hence the primary objective of this research is to develop and evaluate microdialysis sampling and tape stripping techniques, including the incorporation of the determination of transepidermal water loss, to assess the dermal bioavailability of ketoprofen from topical gel formulations and to develop models for bioequivalence assessment. A rapid UPLC-MS/MS method with requisite sensitivity for the analysis of samples generated from dermal microdialysis was developed and validated which accommodated the microlitre sample volumes collected. An HPLC-UV method was developed and validated for the analysis of samples generated from the in vitro microdialysis and in vivo tape stripping studies. The work presented herein contributes to a growing body of scientific knowledge seeking to develop a model for the determination of bioequivalence of pharmaceutically equivalent topical formulations intended for local and/or regional activity in human subjects.
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Ford, Lora Beth. "The effectiveness of valdecoxib on post-endodontic pain." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2005. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=4032.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2005.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 59 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 33-38).
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Powell, Sarah Llawena. "Synthesis and reactivity of some novel prodrugs of anti-inflammatory agents." Thesis, University of Essex, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341269.
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Checon, Juliana Tibério. "Atividade anti-inflamatória do extrato liofilizado de Physalis angulata L. em cultura de queratinócitos humanos e seu potencial como ativo dermocosméstico /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91648.
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Orientador: Luis Claudio Di StasiBanca: Maria Del Carmen Velazquez Pereda
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Resumo: A pele é uma importante barreira biológica que interage com inúmeros estímulos ambientais. O desequilíbrio entre essas interações pode resultar em alterações metabólicas importantes, como processos inflamatórios freqüentes e agressivos ao tecido cutâneo. Assim, produtos com atividade anti-inflamatória tópica são de grande interesse farmacêutico e cosmético. Physalis angulata L. (camapú) da família Solanaceae ocorre principalmente nas regiões Norte e Nordeste do Brasil, onde é usado na medicina popular como anti-inflamatório e no tratamento de problemas da pele. Com base nestas informações, a espécie foi escolhida para esse estudo, onde avaliamos a atividade anti-inflamatória do extrato de camapú em culturas de queratinócitos humanos. Culturas de queratinócitos foram sensibilizadas com LPS (200 μg/ml) e depois tratadas com o extrato hidrometanólico (70%) liofilizado de camapú nas concentrações 15,23; 7,62; 3,81 μL/mL. Avaliamos a atividade anti-inflamatória no sobrenadante das culturas pela quantificação dos mediadores: Interleucinas 1 alfa (IL-1α), 6 (IL-6) e 10 (IL-10), prostaglandina E2 (PGE2) e histamina através de ensaios imunoenzimáticos (ELISA). Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística (ANOVA e Dunnett). As duas menores concentrações do extrato foram capazes de reduzir a síntese de histamina em até 70% e, em média, 50% da síntese de PGE2, em comparação aos controles incubados apenas com LPS.A maior concentração avaliada do extrato reduziu em 60% a produção de IL-6 e houve diminuição de 30% para as outras duas concentrações quando comparadas ao controle inflamado, enquanto que as duas maiores concentrações do extrato reduziram em 45% a síntese de IL-1 α. Para o perfil da citocina anti-inflamatória IL-10 apenas a menor concentração do extrato foi capaz de aumentar em 40% a concentração dessa interleucina no ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The skin, as the primary interface between the body and the environment can respond to a great range of environmental stimuli. Altered responses can lead to important alterations in the tissue physiology such as an excessive inflammation condition, which can produce effects ranging from mild discomfort to permanent impairment of tissue integrity. The pharmaceutical and cosmetic use of natural products is increasing; therefore, products with potential anti inflammatory activity are very significant for the research in this area. Physalis angulata L. belongs to the Solanaceae family and grows in the North and Northeast regions of Brazil where it is known as Camapu. It is used in popular medicine as anti inflammatory and for skin disorders. Based on this information the extract of this species was assayed in the search for anti inflammatory activity on human keratinocytes cultures. Theses cultures were incubated with LPS (200μg/ml) and then treated with hydromethanolic (70%) extract of lyophilized P. angulata at three concentrations (1.523x10-2, 7.62x10-3, e 3.81x10-3 mg/ml). We evaluated the anti inflammatory activity in cultures supernatants through quantification of inflammatory mediators: Interleukine-6 (IL-6) and 10 (IL-10), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and histamine.Statistical analysis was performed (ANOVA e Dunnett) and significant difference was taken as p < 0.05. At the lower concentrations the extract was able to reduce 70% the concentration of histamine and 50% of prostaglandin E2. IL-6 concentrations were reduced by the three concentrations of the extract compared to LPS controls, while the two higher concentrations of the extract reduced by 45% the synthesis of IL-1α.For the profile of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 the lowest concentration of the extract was able to increase 40% its concentration in the culture supernatant.These result ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Bandara, Bandarage Mahesh Kithsiri Optometry & Vision Science Faculty of Science UNSW. "Investigation and characterisation of antibacterial properties of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Optometry and Vision Science, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/22284.
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Microbial contamination of contact lenses is a significant risk factor leading to adverse responses. Adhesion of microorganisms to a contact lens is the first step in a series of events that leads to contact lens-related infections or inflammation. Recently, some of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been shown to have the ability to interfere with microbial biofilm formation. In this project, antibacterial properties of commonly used NSAIDs (salicylic acid, sodium diclofenac and ketorolac) were assessed and characterised using biological assays and molecular biological techniques. Salicylic acid, ketorolac and diclofenac reduced adhesion of a range of bacterial species isolated from corneal infection and inflammatory events to contact lenses in a dose-dependent manner. Salicylic acid also decreased the adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis to human corneal epithelial cells in a dose-dependent manner. Results further demonstrated that NSAIDs had a significant impact on the production of virulence factors such as Type IV pili mediated (twitching) motility, flagella mediated swimming, elastase, protease IV and alkaline protease and affected the production of acylated homoserine lactones of P. aeruginosa. Salicylic acid and ketorolac affect the expression of P. aeruginosa outer membrane proteins. In the presence of the salicylic acid and ketorolac more than 85% of all detectable outer membrane proteins changed and most were down-regulated. Moreover, in the presence of salicylic acid at least five gene products, including Na+ - translocating NADH (Nrq1), choline dehydrogenase (CHDH), a hypothetical protein of unknown function, a gene product with no similarity to any known sequence in the database and a sequence similar to 23S rRNA of P. aeruginosa, were down-regulated. The results of this study clearly demonstrated that NSAIDs have a significant impact on virulence factors and the expression of acylated homoserine lactones by P. aeruginosa. This thesis has illustrated the potential of NSAIDs for preventing bacterial contamination of contact lenses by ocular pathogens and highlights the potential for NSAIDs as antibacterial agents. Therefore, this class of compound should be investigated further for their therapeutic efficacy in vivo.
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Oberholzer, Nanette. "Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory properties of a complex homeopathic product Modul8® using the BALB/c murine asthmatic animal model /." Access to E-Thesis, 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04292010-092056/.
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Cleaver, Catherine Sarah. "The role of interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 in the prevention of cartilage breakdown." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327238.
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Abul, Habib T. "Interaction of steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents with pyrogenic immunomodulators." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305321.
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The objective of the study was to investigate the possibility that the synthetic glucocorticoid analogue, dexamethasone was antipyretic. In addition, the possible involvement of peripheral PGE2 during fever and the mechanism by which ketoprofen, dexamethasone and the neuropeptide ACTH1-24 interact with fever in response to pyrogenic immunomodulators such as Poly I:C, LPS and IL-1/EP and their effect on PGE2 biosynthesis both in vivo and in vitro in the rabbit was also investigated. The febrile response was measured as changes in rectal temperatures and CSF levels of PGE2 were estimated by collecting samples from the third cerebral ventricle by using a push-pull perfusion system. PGE2 release was also measured in vitro from rabbit monocytes prepared by Percoll density gradient centrifugation. PGE2 was estimated by RIA. Ketoprofen (3 mg/Kg s.c.) administered prior to or after the onset of fever completely inhibited the febrile response to all pyrogens. Dexamethasone (1 mg/kg i.v.) attenuated the febrile response to Poly I:C (5 μ g/Kg i.v.) but only if administered between 0.5 - 2 hours before Poly I:C and a maximum effect was observed with 3 mg/Kg. Fever in response to LPS (50 - 200 ng/Kg i.v.), IL-1/EP (50 μl/animal = 5 x 108 cell equivalents i.v.), TNF (15 μg/animal i.v.) or Poly I:C (5 μg i.c.v.) was also attenuated by pretreatment for 1 hour with dexamethasone. ACTH1-24 (1 - 10 μg/Kg i.v.) produced a dose-related hypothermia at an ambient temperature of 22 ± 2oC. A non-hypothermic dose of ACTH1-24 (5 μg/Kg i.v.) significantly reduced the febrile response to Poly I:C (5 μg/Kg i.v.) or IL-1/EP (50 μl/animal i.v.). Poly I:C, LPS and IL-1/EP administered i.v. were found to produce a significant increase in the plasma PGE_2 level (in order of 6 - 8 fold) which occurred simultaneously with the rise in body temperature. Ketoprofen (3 mg/Kg s.c.) abolished both the rise in body temperature and the increase in plasma PGE_2 level. Dexamethasone (3 mg/Kg i.v.) pretreatment (1 hour) attenuated the pyrogen-stimulated increase in both parameters. If dexamethasone was administered after the onset of fever in response to Poly I:C, it potentiated both the increase in body temperature and plasma PGE_2. ACTH_1-24 (5 μg/Kg i.v.) significantly reduced the febrile response to Poly I:C and IL-1/EP but had no effect on plasma PGE2 levels. Poly I:C and IL-1/EP increased the amount of PGE2 detected in the perfusate collected from the third cerebral ventricle. The increase was in the order of 2 - 4 fold compared with control levels which parallelled the increase in body temperature. Ketoprofen abolished the fever and the increase in CSF PGE2 level. Dexamethasone also significantly attenuated the febrile response and reduced the amount of PGE2 in the CSF perfusate. Experiments were also carried out on rabbit monocytes in vitro. Poly I:C, LPS and IL-1/EP all increased the concentration of PGE2 in culture supernatants. Ketoprofen and dexamethasone significantly reduced pyrogen-stimulated release of PGE2, but ACTH1-24 had no effect. The protein synthesis inhibitor anisomycin reduced Poly I:C and LPS-stimulated release of PGE2 but had no effect on IL-1/EP-stimulated release of PGE2. In addition, anisomycin antagonised the inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on the PGE2 released from monocytes in the presence of IL-1/EP. These results suggest that the increase in plasma PGE2 levels in response to the pyrogenic agents may contribute to their pyrogenicity. In addition, the antipyretic actions of dexamethasone and ketoprofen may involve a reduction in circulating levels of PGE2 and this action of dexamethasone may occur via the induction of a protein intermediate possibly the PLA2 inhibitory protein, lipocortin.
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Husain, Muhammad Ishrat. "The role of anti-inflammatory agents in the treatment of mood disorders." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2018. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-role-of-antiinflammatory-agents-in-the-treatment-of-mood-disorders(54f2b6e8-a03f-4be9-80e7-fa77d6b3f360).html.
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Background: Multiple reviews have demonstrated that mood disorders are associated with abnormal pro- and anti-inflammatory immunological markers and recent studies suggest that anti-inflammatory medication may play an important role in the treatment of mood disorders. Aims: 1. To evaluate current evidence on the efficacy and acceptability of anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder. 2. To determine whether the anti-inflammatory tetracycline antibiotic minocycline, added to treatment as usual (TAU) for 3 months in patients with treatment-resistant depression leads to an improvement in depressive symptoms and if so, to estimate effect sizes to inform the development of a larger, hypothesis-testing study. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of published trials of anti-inflammatory agents in mood disorders was conducted. The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, EMBASE, PsychINFO and Clinicaltrials.gov were searched from inception until April 15, 2017 for completed and on-going clinical trials of anti-inflammatory agents for MDD and bipolar disorder. Data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the antidepressant and antimanic effect of adjunctive mechanistically diverse anti-inflammatory agents were pooled to determine standard mean differences (SMDs) compared with placebo and/or treatment as usual. To address the second aim a multi-site, 12-week, double blind, placebo-controlled, pilot trial was conducted. The trial was of minocycline added to treatment as usual for patients suffering from DSM-5 major depressive disorder whose current episode has failed to respond to at least 2 antidepressants. The primary outcome measure was mean change in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17) scores from baseline to week 12. Secondary measures were the Clinical Global Impression scale (CGI), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Generalised Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) and EuroQoL (EQ-5D). Side effects checklists were also used. Minocycline was started at 100 mg once daily (OD) and increased to 200 mg OD after two weeks. Results: The meta-analysis found that patients receiving anti-inflammatory agents showed lower post-treatment depressive symptom scores compared with those receiving placebo with a SMD of -0.71 (6 RCTs, n=214, 95% CI -1.24 to -0.17, p=0.009). Anti-inflammatory treatment was found to reduce post-treatment manic symptom scores with a SMD of -0.72 (3 RCTs, n=96, 95% CI -1.31 to -0.13, p=0.02). Anti-inflammatory treatment was found to yield an improvement in depressive symptom scores from baseline to outcome with a SMD of -0.52 (5 RCTs, n=194, 95% CI -1.01 to 0.05) but this was not statistically significant (p=0.07). In the pilot RCT, a total of 41 participants were randomised, with 21 in the minocycline group and 20 in the placebo group. A large decrease in HAMD scores was observed in the minocycline group compared to the placebo group (Standardized effect size -1.21, p < 0.001). CGI scores in the minocycline group also showed a large improvement compared with placebo (OR: 17.6, p < 0.001). PHQ-9 (ES -0.43), GAD-7 (ES -0.46) and EQ-5D total (ES -0.48) showed more moderate improvements. Conclusions: Anti-inflammatory treatments may confer benefit for both depressive and manic symptoms however current studies are limited by small sample sizes, short durations, differing baseline symptomatology and poorly defined illness durations. The findings of the pilot RCT indicate that adjunctive minocycline leads to improvement in symptoms of treatment-resistant depression. However, the findings require replication in a larger sample. Overall, further high-quality trials are needed before making recommendations for the routine clinical use of anti-inflammatory interventions including minocycline, in the treatment of mood disorders.
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Odisitse, Sebusi. "Computer aided chemical speciation in designing metal-based potential anti-inflammatory agents." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6354.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 158-161).The objective of this study was to develop copper based anti-inflammatory agents for the treatment of inflammation associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Four low molecular ligands, N,Nt-di(aminoethylene)-2,6-pyridine dicarbonylamine (PrDH), Bis-(N,N-dimethylethyl)-2,6-pyridinedicarboxamide (PrDM), N,N'-bis[2(2-pyridyl)-methyl]pyridine-2,6-dicarboxamide (PrDPr) and 3,5-bis[(aminoethyl)ethanediamide]-4-oxahexacyclo-dodecane (PCUA) were designed and synthesised. The formation constants of these ligands with H+, Cu2+, Niz+, Znz+ and Caz+ were determined potentiometrically at 25°C and 0.15 mol dm-3 Na+Cr. The Cu(II) formed relatively more stable complexes than other three metal ions. The structures of the different Cu(II) species formed with these ligands were investigated using nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible (UV-visible) spectroscopy as well as molecular mechanics calculations. For the NMR spectroscopy, results showed that the central pyridyl nitrogen and amide nitrogen(s) as well as the terminal amino/pyridyl groups coordinate to the Cu(II) ion in solution. The IR results indicated that an amide nitrogen is coordinated to the Cu(II). The UV-visible study gave the smooth deconvoluted spectra of the individual species for the Cu(II)-PrDH, Cu(II)-PrDM and Cu(II)-PrDPr systems in support of the potentiometric results. The three studied ligands form tetragonally distorted octahedral MLH-l and MLH-z species with Cu(II). The molecular mechanics was used to calculate the internal strain energies of the different possible geometries of related complex species. A comparison of these energies was used to rationalize the different stabilities of these structures.
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Noonan, Katherine. "Do anti-inflammatory agents promote linear ablation lesion discontinuities? : an electrophysiological examination." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/49852/1/Katherine_Noonan_Thesis.pdf.
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Background: Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) is more efficacious than antiarrhythmic therapy. Post ablation recurrences reduce ablation effectiveness and are contributed by lesion discontinuity in the fibrotic linear ablation lesions.
The anti-fibrotic role of statins in reducing AF is being assessed in current trials. By reducing the chronic pathological fibrosis that occurs in AF they may reduce AF. However if statins also have an effect on the acute therapeutic fibrosis of an ablation, this could exacerbate lesion discontinuity and AF recurrence. We tested the hypothesis that statins attenuate ablation lesion continuity in a recognised pig atrial linear ablation model.
Aims: To assess whether Atorvastatin diminishes the bi-directional conduction block produced by a linear atrial ablation lesion.
Methods: Sixteen pigs were randomised to statin (n=8) or placebo (n=8) with drug pre-treatment for 3 days and a further 4 weeks. At initial electrophysiological study (EPS1) 3D right atrium (RA) mapping and a vertical ablation linear lesion in the posterior RA with bidirectional conduction block were completed (Gepstein Circ 1999). Follow-up electrophysiological assessment (EPS2) at 28 days assessed bidirectional conduction block maintenance.
Results: Data of 15/16 (statin=7) pigs were analysed. Mean lesion length was 3.7 ± 0.8cm with a mean of 17.9 ± 5.7 lesion applications. Bi-directional conduction block was confirmed in 15/15 pigs (100%) at EPS1 and EPS2.
Conclusions: Atorvastatin did not affect ablation lesion continuity in this pig atrial linear ablation model. If patients are on long-term statins for AF reduction, periablation cessation is probably not necessary.
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Shabani, Fariba. "Regulation of matrix metalloproteinases, their inhibitors and IL-8 in inflammatory rheumatic diseases : effects of cytokines and anti-rheumatic agents /." Title page and contents only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs524.pdf.
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Griesbach, Robert Christian. "Approaches to the asymmetric synthesis of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phg848.pdf.
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Gu, Qing. "Helicobacter pylori and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in gastric carcinogenesis." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36589718.
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Lefebvre, Kim L. "Cardiovascular risk comparisons of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents in the TRICARE population." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2005. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/05Sep%5FLefebvre.pdf.
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Ferrer, Sandra. "Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of bioreductively activated prodrugs of anti-inflammatory agents." Thesis, University of Bath, 2001. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393799.
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Foglia, Antonio. "Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of new anticancer and/or anti-inflammatory agents." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/2484.
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2014 - 2015One of the main goal of modern medicinal chemistry is the development of new agents able to modulate biological targets involved in inflammation and cancer processes. In this context, my PhD project was focused on the exploration and structural optimization of various chemical moieties able to interfere with two targets involved in both processes. In particular, two biological targets were selected: Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) and microsomal Prostaglandin E2 Synthase-1 (mPGES-1). The results obtained can be divided into two sections in accordance with the target of interest. a) Exploration and structural optimization of DHPM core in order to guide the synthesis of new and more potent Hsp90 C-terminal inhibitors. Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone involved in the maturation and stabilization of a wide range of client proteins that play a crucial role in the development, survival and proliferation of cancer cells. In the literature there are several compounds capable of inhibiting this molecular chaperone. The most part of these compounds inhibit the protein through modulation of the N-terminal domain. However, this type of modulation involves a well-known heat shock response, a cytoprotective mechanism that as a final result leads to the increase of cytosolic levels of heat shock proteins with consequent cell survival. Therefore, the modulation of C-terminal domain of Hsp90 represents a better strategy for the development of new antitumor agents, since, they do not induce heat shock response. In an attempt to discover new modulators of the C-terminal domain of Hsp90 and taking into account the structure of the first synthetic inhibitor of this domain, a 3,4-dyhidropyrimidin-2(1H)-one (DHPM) derivative, two more generations of DHPM derivatives have been synthesized. Relatively to the second generation of DHPM derivatives, the synthesis was focused on the influence of the chemical functionalization of aromatic ring at C4 position of DHPM core, while the third generation has been designed with the aim to functionalize the C2 position of the core. The exploration and optimization processes of DHPM core led to the identification of novel and more potent inhibitors of the C-terminal domain of Hsp90. b) Identification of new mPGES-1 inhibitors. mPGES-1 is an inducible enzyme that catalyzes the terminal step of the biosynthesis of PGE2 from the PGH2 precursor. The inhibition of this enzyme appears to be a promising strategy for the identification of novel anti-inflammatory agents, because, the use of selective inhibitors would allow to overcome the classical side effects of traditional anti-inflammatory drugs. Moreover, mPGES-1 is overexpressed in a wide variety of human cancers and for this reason it has emerged as an attractive biological target for anticancer drug discovery. In order to identify new molecular platforms able to interact with the target protein three collections of compounds (carbazoles, biaryl compounds and 5-pyrazolones) were synthesized. Biological evaluation revealed the identification of five biaryl compounds (60-64) as new chemical entities that inhibit mPGES-1 activity with promising IC50 values (ranging 0.18-1.64 μM). [edited by author]
XIV n.s.
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CASULA, LUCA. "Strategies to promote the delivery of anti-inflammatory agents through different nanotechnological approaches." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/332743.
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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and glucocorticoids are some of the most widely prescribed drugs in the world and are commonly used to treat inflammatory disorders and the related effects (e.g. fever and pain), but also inflammation in chronic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. However, some of these active ingredients are characterized by poor aqueous solubility, low bioavailability and poor stability. In order to overcome these limits, different technological approaches have been studied in this thesis to enhance delivery of poorly soluble drugs with anti-inflammatory activity, i.e., production of nanosuspensions (Part 1), liposomes and polymeric nanofibers (Part 2).
Part 1 of this thesis investigates the potential of nanocrystals suspension for inhalation drug delivery. More in detail, Chapter 1 focuses on the ability of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) to deliver drug nanocrystals through the produced aerosol. A nanocrystal nanosuspension of beclomethasone dipropionate, using Poloxamer 188 as stabilizer, was prepared with a wet ball media milling technique and thoroughly characterized by different techniques. The nanosuspension was then loaded in an electronic cigarette and the produced aerosol was collected and analysed, confirming the presence of drug nanocrystals. The results of this study suggested the possible alternative use of ENDS as medical device for the delivery of poorly soluble drugs. In Chapter 2, the combination of a conventional glucocorticoid drug and a natural active compound was studied. Curcumin has shown a potential extraordinary activity as an add-on ingredient in asthma treatment, due to its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory mechanism of action. However, its low water solubility and bioavailability lead to a poor therapeutic effect. Therefore, the aim of this study was to prepare a multicomponent formulation for the delivery of curcumin and beclomethasone dipropionate into the lungs as water-based nanosuspensions. Single component formulations and a multi-component formulation were prepared through a wet ball media milling technique, using P188 as a non-toxic stabilizer. The different formulations were characterized, and the inhalation delivery efficiency was studied with Next Generation Impactor (NGI, Apparatus E Ph. Eu). The three formulations exhibited a nanocrystal mean diameter in the range 200-240 nm and a homogenous particle size distribution. Finally, the nebulization tests of the three samples showed optimal aerodynamic parameters and MMAD < 5 µm.
In Part 2 of the thesis, a combination of two different technological approaches, namely liposomes and nanofibers, was used to improve the delivery of the poorly soluble drug simvastatin. Simvastatin, as part of the statins group, is mostly used for its lipid lowering effect. However, recent studies have highlighted the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity of the drug both in vitro and in vivo. At first, simvastatin was encapsulated in liposomes through the direct sonication methods. The different formulations were characterized in terms of size, size distribution, zeta potential, drug content and encapsulation efficiency. Three formulations were chosen for the preparation of the polymeric solutions and anofibers were prepared through a green electrospinning technique. The liposomes-composite nanofibrous systems were characterized for drug content and entrapment efficiency, drug release (both in sink and non-sink conditions), protection of the active compound by the antioxidant. Moreover, Multi-Angle Dynamic Light Scattering Technology (MADLS) was used to investigate the release of liposomes from the nanofibrous mats. Finally, in vitro tests were carried out to study the cytotoxicity of the different formulations on human keratinocytes and their ability to inhibit lymphocytes proliferation.
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Kashinath, K. "Total synthesis of proposed structures of potent anti - inflammatory agents solomonamides and analogs." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 2016. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/2256.
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Gu, Qing, and 谷青. "Helicobacter pylori and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in gastric carcinogenesis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36589718.
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Wilkinson, Marshall Frederick. "An analysis of the antipyretic effects of centrally administered arginine vasopressin in the rat." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26667.
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Previous studies in the sheep, rabbit, cat and rat have demonstrated the ability of the neuropeptide, arginine vasopressin (AVP), to suppress endotoxin-induced fever when perfused into a discrete brain locus. Fever can also be suppressed if AVP is microinjected into the cerebral ventricles of the rat. The mechanisms by which AVP mediates antipyresis are unknown. Experiments were conducted, therefore, to examine the effect of intracerebroventricular (icv) AVP on an established fever and to assess the mechanism of action using a specific, V₁-receptor antagonist (M-AVP). Studies were also conducted to elucidate the effector mechanisms utilized to accomplish antipyresis induced by icv AVP. Finally, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AVP concentrations were measured in febrile and non-febrile rats to determine the role of endogenously released AVP in the CSF during fever.
AVP administered icv was shown to have marked antipyretic effects at very low doses. This antipyresis was elicited in rats with an established fever but the peptide had no effect on the temperature of non-febrile rats. Thus AVP both prevented and reversed endotoxin-induced fever. Furthermore, this AVP-induced antipyresis was abolished by pretreatment with the the V₁-antagonist, M-AVP. The antipyretic effects of AVP were, therefore, receptor mediated and likely to be of physiological importance.
Efforts to manipulate the endogenous AVP system by icv M-AVP were also attempted. When M-AVP was injected icv, the fever height of endotoxin-treated rats was not different from endotoxin-treated controls. In addition, M-AVP did not influence the magnitude of the antipyresis induced by indomethacin. It has become clear, however, that this method of administering the antagonist is inappropriate to block endogenous AVP effects occurring within the neuropil. Subsequent experiments in another laboratory have shown that M-AVP must be microinjected into the AVP-sensitive brain locus to effectively block endogenous activity.
The antipyretic response to icv AVP was further investigated at three ambient temperatures in an attempt to identify the effector mechanisms involved. Responses of non-febrile and febrile rats to icv injections of AVP and sc injections of indomethacin were observed at cold (4°C), neutral (25°C) and warm (32°C) ambient temperatures. As in the previous experiments, AVP at 25°C decreased brain temperatures of febrile but not non-febrile rats. This antipyretic effect was also observed at the warm ambient temperature and during cold exposure. Responses to sc indomethacin were qualitatively similar to icv AVP at neutral and warm temperatures. In the cold, however, indomethacin decreased the brain temperature of both non-febrile and febrile animals, although unlike AVP, brain temperature of non-febrile animals decreased somewhat more than that of febrile animals. These data showed that AVP decreased brain temperature of febrile more so than non-febrile rats at all ambient temperatures and may therefore have been acting partially on febrile set-point. It was possible that AVP affected specific effector mechanisms since antipyretic effects were of different magnitudes at different ambient temperatures. The observation that AVP and indomethacin had qualitatively similar effects on fever at three ambient temperatures suggested that they may act via a common neural pathway.
Further analysis of the mechanism of icv AVP-induced antipyresis was conducted at the three ambient temperatures while measuring specific effectors: heat loss and heat production. At 25°C, AVP-induced antipyresis was mediated by tail skin vasodilation while metabolic rate was unaffected. At 4°C, the antipyresis produced by AVP was mediated exclusively by inhibition of heat production since the metabolic rate decreased markedly following AVP. This antipyresis at 4°C was accompanied by cutaneous vasoconstriction. At 32°C, neither vasomotor tone, metabolic rate nor evaporative heat loss could be shown to contribute to the small antipyretic effect elicited by AVP. These data strongly suggest that icv AVP produced antipyresis by affecting the febrile body temperature set-point mechanism since the thermoregulatory strategy to lose heat varied at different ambient temperatures and the decrease in body temperature could not be shown to be due to changes in a single effector mechanism.
As an index of endogenous AVP activity, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentrations of AVP were measured in febrile and non-febrile rats in order to determine the role of CSF AVP in fever and antipyresis. The results demonstrated that the AVP release pattern was not altered in endotoxin-treated febrile compared to non-febrile rats. It was concluded that CSF AVP had no role in the febrile process.
In summary, icv AVP appears to induce antipyresis by its action on febrile set-point rather than on a specific effector system. This action of AVP is mediated by a V₁-like receptor mechanism which is not affected by endogenous CSF AVP. The neural/neurochemical basis for the thermoregulatory set-point has not been clearly established so the mechanism of action by which AVP affects set-point remains to be determined. These data contribute, however, to the growing body of evidence that AVP is acting centrally as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator to regulate body temperature during the febrile process.Medicine, Faculty of
Cellular and Physiological Sciences, Department of
Graduate
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Ubah, Obinna Chukwuemeka. "Isolation and characterisation of hTNF-alpha neutralising VNARs from an immunised nurse shark, Ginglymostoma cirratum, using phage display." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2016. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=229399.
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Zhu, Genghui. "Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and apoptosis of human gastric epithelial cells /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20471361.
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Chen, Shao Ru. "Andrographolide analogues inhibit acute inflammation." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3953265.
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Chak, Man-lee Charlotta, and 翟敏莉. "A retrospective study on the effectiveness of anti-ulcer drugs in the prevention of nonsteroidal inflammatory drugs (NSAID)-inducedgastrointestinal effects." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31971453.
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Moore, Stephen H. "The effectiveness of rofecoxib on post-endodontic pain." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2002. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2308.
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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2002.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 51 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-42).
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MacGregor, Helen Jane. "The pro-inflammatory role of copper in chemokine multimerisation and the potential of copper chelators as anti-inflammatory agents." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502734.
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Since both copper and dityrosine links have been implicated in the multimerisation of the amyloid protein in Alzheimer's disease, chemokines including RANTES, IL-8 and ENA-78 were investigated for the possibility of copper-induced dityrosine formation within chemokine multimers. The addition of CuCl₂ and H₂O₂ to human recombinant RANTES induces multimerisation and dityrosine cross-linking, confirmed by fluorimetry, liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy and staining Western blots with a dityrosine specific monoclonal antibody. In addition, RANTES multimers actively induce chemotaxis in Boyden chambers. This finding led to the investigation of the T-cell response to endothelial and platelet derived RANTES in the absence and presence of copper chelators as potential anti-inflammatory agents in transendothelial migration assays, a physiological model of the vascular endothelium. Migration of activated T-cells across monolayers of human lung microvascular endothelial cells was RANTES-dependent and RANTES derived from thrombin stimulated platelets is active as a T-cell chemoattractant in this model of the lung microvascular endothelium. The copper chelators neocuprine, bathocuproine, D-penicillamine and tobramycin significantly inhibited T-cell migration indicating a pro-inflammatory role for copper and suggesting the use of copper chelators as potential anti-inflammatory agents.
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Fernandes, Mara Yone Soares Dias. "Efeito neuroprotetor do α-bisabolol em camundongos submetidos à isquemia cerebral focal permanente." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14886.
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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgicoO acidente vascular cerebral (AVE) à uma das principais causa de mortalidade no Brasil, acometendo cerca de 200.000 indivÃduos anualmente. A fisiopatologia do AVE isquÃmico envolve uma complexa cascata de eventos como a inflamaÃÃo e o estresse oxidativo que podem à morte neuronal e dÃficits cognitivos. O α-bisabolol à um Ãlcool sesquiterpeno, monocÃclico, que ocorre na natureza e à encontrado como constituinte majoritÃrio do Ãleo essencial sintÃtico da Matricaria chamomilla, que possui atividade antiinflamatÃria, antioxidante e anti-apoptÃtica jà descritas. Para avaliar o efeito neuroprotetor deste composto em camundongos submetidos à oclusÃo permanente da artÃria cerebral media (pMCAO), os animais foram prà e pÃs tratados com α-bisabolol nas doses de 50, 100 e 200 mg/kg, v.o, durante 24, 48, 72, 96 ou 120 horas apÃs a isquemia. Os animais foram avaliados 24h apÃs a isquÃmia para verificar a Ãrea de lesÃo isquÃmica, avaliaÃÃo neurolÃgica e atividade da mieloperoxidase. 72 horas apÃs a pMCAO, os testes de atividade locomotora, memÃria de trabalho e memÃria aversiva recente foram realizados. 96 horas apÃs a pMCAO foi realizado o teste do reconhecimento de objecto, e os animais foram eutanasiados para a realizaÃÃo da Imunohistoquimica para TNF-α, iNOS e GFAP e anÃlise histologica para Cresil violeta e Fluoro Jade C. Finalmente, 120h apÃs a isquemia, avaliou-se a memÃria espacial. O α-bisabolol reduziu significativamente a lesÃo isquemica e o dÃficit neurolÃgico e normalizou a atividade locomotora. O α-bisabolol mostrou proteÃÃo contra os dÃficits nas memÃrias de trabalho, espacial, reconhecimento de objeto e aversiva. O α-bisabolol (200 mg/kg) preveniu significativamente o aumento da MPO e TNF-α no cÃrtex temporal e o aumento do iNOS tanto no cÃrtex temporal como no estriado. Tambem preveniu o aumento da astrogliose nessas Ãreas. O α-bisabolol (200 mg/kg) mostrou protecÃÃo contra a morte neuronal. Os resultados do presente estudo mostraram que o α-bisabolol possui atividade neuroprotetora provavelmente devido a sua aÃÃo antiinflamatÃria, mas outros mecanismos nÃo podem ser descartados.
Stroke is the leading cause of mortality in Brazil, affecting about 200,000 individuals annually. The pathophysiology of ischemic stroke involves a complex cascade of events such as inflammation and oxidative stress which will lead to neuronal death and cognitive deficits. The α-bisabolol is a sesquiterpene alcohol, natural, monocyclic, found as main constituents of the essential oil of Matricaria chamomilla, which has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-apoptotic already described. To evaluate the neuroprotective effects of this compound in mice underwent permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (pMCAO), the animals were pre and post treated with α-bisabolol at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg / kg, orally for 24, 48, 72, 96 or 120 hours after pMCAO. The animals were evaluated 24 hours after ischemia to verify the area of ischemic damage, and neurological evaluation and myeloperoxidase activity. Seventy-two hours after pMCAO, the locomotor activity tests, working memory and aversive recent memory were performed. Ninety six hours after the pMCAO was performed the object recognition test, and the animals were euthanized for carrying out the immunohistochemistry for TNF-α, iNOS and GFAP and for histology analyes Cresil violet and Fluoro Jade C. Finally, 120 h after pMCAO, the spatial memory was evaluated. The α-bisabolol reduced significantly ischemic damage and neurological deficit and normalized the locomotor activity. The α-bisabolol showed protection against the deficits in working, spatial, object recognition and aversive memories. The α-bisabolol (200 mg / kg) significantly prevented the increase of MPO and TNF-α in the temporal cortex and the increased of iNOS both in the temporal cortex and in striatum. Also prevented the increase in astrogliosis in there area. The α-bisabolol (200 mg / kg) showed protection against neuronal death. The results of this study showed that α-bisabolol has neuroprotective activity probably due to its anti-inflammatory action, but other mechanisms can not be discarded.
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Johns, Rachel Elizabeth. "Delivery of anti-inflammatory nucleic acid therapeutics using smart polymeric carriers /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8080.
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Davis, Brian Robert. "Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Use in Collegiate Athletes." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2477.
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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) are a class of medications used in the treatment of pain, inflammation, and illness. These medications are common, affordable, and easy to access. For these reasons, NSAIDs are commonly used by athletes of all backgrounds for treating injuries and as ergogenic aids. However, despite these behaviors, NSAIDs have well-documented side effects and the efficacious nature of these medications has been brought into question. Despite this, many athletes continue to use these medications frequently and indiscriminately. It is not known why athletes use these medications in light of their questionable effectiveness and cited adverse effects. Therefore, this study was designed to (1) further investigate the prevalence of NSAID use in collegiate-level athletes, (2) investigate attitudes and behaviors toward the use of NSAIDs cross-tabulated by sport, gender, and competition level, and (3) investigate athletes' general knowledge of NSAIDs.
Subjects for this study included 79 student-athletes (44 male; 25 female) attending Portland State University (PSU). The majority of the athletes started taking NSAIDs before high school (72% of the males and 64% of the females). Thirty-three percent of males and 32% of females reported that they had been taking NSAIDs within the past week. High in-season use of NSAIDs was reported by 52% of the male athletes and 48% of the female athletes, whereas off-season use was reported by 21% and 12% of the males and females, respectively. Cited reasons for NSAID use both in-season and off-season were relief of pain due to injury, prevention, recovery, soreness, and tightness. In total, 83% of males and 76% of females reported obtaining NSAIDs primarily through means other than health-care professionals. With regard to dosage, athletes reported taking NSAIDs based on product directions, instructions of an athletic trainer or perceived pain levels. An overwhelming majority of athletes (83% male; 76% female) were not aware of any side-effects from taking NSAIDs
In summary, this study revealed a pattern of high NSAID use in athletes competing in-season compared to a high prevalence of low NSAID use in athletes off-season. It also revealed a high prevalence of non-prescription NSAID use. Additionally, there was a high prevalence of self-purchasing of NSAIDs, combined with self-medication and a long history of NSAID use. This study also revealed a general lack of knowledge about NSAIDs.
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Fei, Guo-Zhong. "Chronic hepatitis B : immunological, virological and clinical aspects in the natural course and during the combined prednisolone and interferon-alpha-2b therapy /." Stockholm, 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-628-3868-7/.
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朱耿慧 and Genghui Zhu. "Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and apoptosis of human gastric epithelial cells." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31239845.
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Chen, Qilei. "Discovery of COX-2 selective inhibitors from saussurea laniceps using an enzyme-anchored nanomagnetic ligand fishing platform." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2020. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/708.
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Serious cardiovascular side effects are reported from synthetic cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the most common medication for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). Natural products from herbal medicine are inspirational source of safe and effective remedy due to its distinguished chemical diversity. Nanomagnetic ligand fishing using enzyme-anchored-magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is an advanced selective bioseparation strategy based on macromolecular target-ligand binding, which can screen enzyme inhibitors from complex mixtures. "Snow lotus" herbs have been clinically applied as safe and effective treatment for arthritis throughout centuries in Asia. Some major chemicals from the herbs have been found with anti-COX-2 activities. It is therefore hypothesized that novel and safe COX-2 selective inhibitors can be separated from a most representative snow lotus herb via ligand fishing using COX-2-functionalized MNPs (COX-2-MNPs), and that the efficacy and safety of the screened COX-2 ligands can be verified by subsequent evaluation. Saussurea laniceps Hand.-Mazz. (SL), S. medusa Maxim. (SM) and S. involucrata (Kar. et Kir.) Sch.Bip. (SI) are three authenticated sources of "snow lotus" herbs. An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography hyphenated with diode array detector and quadrupole time of flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS) method was developed to analyze 49 herbal samples for species analysis and overall quality evaluation. With 25 simultaneously identified constituents, of which 12 were quantified, the chemical determination, four-dimensional principle component analysis (4D-PCA), and orthogonal hierarchical cluster analysis (2D-HCA) showed a distinctive bioactive component profile of SL from the other two species, and explained the therapeutic potency of SL. As a result, SL has been chosen as a model herb to screen for novel and safe COX-2 selective inhibitors. With systematic uniform experimental designs and statistical modeling, COX-2-MNPs with high magnetic moments and outstanding enzyme activity have been synthesized. Four COX-2-selective compounds, namely, chlorogenic acid, syringin, umbelliferone, and scopoletin, were separated from the herbal extract using fine-tuned fishing protocol and were identified by UPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS. All the four ligands were proved with evidently lower in vitro and in vivo cardiotoxicity than celecoxib, a known selective COX-2 inhibitor. Some of them exerted potent anti-inflammatory activities on cells, and their optimum combination ratios were investigated. Among the ligands, scopoletin showed most evident therapeutic potential in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis and anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT)-induced OA, respectively, by alleviating clinical statuses, immune responses, and joint pathological features. An equal mixture of scopoletin and syringin brought possible synergistic remedial effects on rat OA. Molecular docking results explained the structure-specific enzyme-binding affinities of the ligands; the ligands' inhibition on COX-2 may involve direct interaction as well as upstream signaling pathways. In conclusion, promising candidates of COX-2 selective inibitors, e.g. scopoletin, have been screened and validated on a nanomagnetic ligand fishing platform using COX-2-MNPs from the extract of SL, a most representative snow lotus herb with distinctive chemical composition and outstanding therapeutic efficacies. The quality evaluation strategy of snow lotus herbs combining chemical determination and multidimensional chemometric analysis can be applied in other multi-original herbal medicines. The nanomagnetic ligand fishing platform of compound bio-separation and multi-model bio-evaluation should be equally valuable for uncovering other therapeutic chemicals in different natural sources.