Academic literature on the topic 'Anti-infective agents – Analysis'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Anti-infective agents – Analysis.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Anti-infective agents – Analysis"
1
Li, Kuang-pang. "Analysis for drugs and metabolites including anti-infective agents." Microchemical Journal 43, no. 1 (February 1991): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0026-265x(91)90043-o.
Full text
2
Miller, JamesN. "Analysis for drugs and metabolites including anti-infective agents." Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 9, no. 5 (January 1991): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0731-7085(91)80169-a.
Full text
3
Atillasoy, Cem, and Panagiotis Gourlias. "1235. On the Edge of Tomorrow: Expedited Regulatory Pathways for Anti-Infective Therapies." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2020): S637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1420.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background The FDA has developed expedited review programs and pathways to increase drug development for products that have a major clinical benefit. These programs include: Fast Track, Orphan Drug Status, Accelerated Approval, Priority Review, Breakthrough Therapy (BTD) and Qualified Infectious Disease Products (QIPD). Given the heightened awareness of infectious diseases--and emerging global threats, such as resistant bacteria and Ebola—academia and industry have developed and received approval for 88 new infectious disease agents. The objective of this study was to assess the use of expedited review pathways for the 88 anti-infective agents that were approved between 2001-2020. FDA Expedited Drug Development Programs Methods We analyzed the FDA Drug Approval Database entitled, “Compilation of CDER New Molecular Entity (NME) Drug and New Biologic Approvals” for anti-infective therapies that were approved after 2000. Anti-infective therapies were defined as agents that were used to treat or prevent infectious diseases and include antibiotics, antivirals and antifungals. Our analysis focused on a comparison of the percentage of approved anti-infective agents that used each of the aforementioned designations across 2 decades (2001-2010 & 2011-2020). A drug may have one, none, or multiple of these designations. Results There were significant differences in the percentage of anti-infective agents approved with priority review, fast track and accelerated approval in 2001-2010 compared to 2011-2020 (See Results Figure 1) BTD and QIDP did not exist until 2012, thus preventing comparisons between decades. QIDP • Between 2012-2020, 16 anti-infectives have been approved with QIDP. From 2017-2020, 40% (n=10) of approved anti-infectives had QIDP. Orphan Drug Status: • Between 2017-2020, 32% of anti-infectives approved have the orphan drug designation. Comparison of FDA Expedited Drug Development Programs use between 2001-2010 and 2011-2020 Conclusion Our findings indicate Priority Review and Fast Track use has increased since 2010 among anti-infective products. Additionally, our analyses indicate that since 2017 there has been increased use of Orphan Drug Status and QIDP. However, there has been limited use of Breakthrough Therapy and Accelerated Approvals. These two pathways should be increasingly considered by academia, industry and the FDA to further expedite innovative anti-infective development. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures
4
Walder, Bernhard, Didier Pittet, and Martin R. Tramèr. "Prevention of Bloodstream Infections With Central Venous Catheters Treated With Anti-Infective Agents Depends on Catheter Type and Insertion Time: Evidence From a Meta-Analysis." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 23, no. 12 (December 2002): 748–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/502005.
Full textAbstract:
Objective:To test the evidence that the risk of infection related to central venous catheters (CVCs) is decreased by anti-infective coating or cuffing.Design:Systematic review of randomized, controlled trials comparing anti-infective with inactive (control) CVCs.Interventions:Average insertion times were taken as a measurement of the length of insertion. Dichotomous data were combined using a fixed effect model and expressed as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI95).Results:Two trials on antibiotic coating (343 CVCs) had an average insertion time of 6 days; the risk of BSI decreased from 5.1% with control to 0% with anti-infective catheters. There were no trials with longer average insertion times. In three trials on silver collagen cuffs (422 CVCs), the average insertion time ranged from 5 to 8.2 days (median, 7 days); the risk of BSI was 5.6% with control and 3.2% with anti-infective catheters. In another trial on silver collagen cuffs (101 CVCs), the average insertion time was 38 days; the risk of BSI was 3.7% with control and 4.3% with anti-infective catheters. In five trials on chlorhexidine-silver sulfadiazine coating (1,269 CVCs), the average insertion time ranged from 5.2 to 7.5 days (median, 6 days); the risk of BSI decreased from 4.1% with control to 1.9% with anti-infective catheters. In five additional trials on chlorhexidine–silver sulfadiazine coating (1,544 CVCs), the average insertion time ranged from 7.8 to 20 days (median, 12 days); the risk of BSI was 4.5% with control and 4.2% with anti-infective catheters.Conclusions:Antibiotic and chlorhexidine–silver sulfadiazine coatings are anti-infective for short (approximately 1 week) insertion times. For longer insertion times, there are no data on antibiotic coating, and there is evidence of lack of effect for chlorhexidine-silver sulfadiazine coating. For silver-impregnated collagen cuffs, there is evidence of lack of effect for both short- and long-term insertion.
5
Deyno, Serawit, Andrew G. Mtewa, Abiy Abebe, Ariya Hymete, Eyasu Makonnen, Joel Bazira, and Paul E. Alele. "Essential oils as topical anti-infective agents: A systematic review and meta-analysis." Complementary Therapies in Medicine 47 (December 2019): 102224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2019.102224.
Full text
6
Townshend, Alan. "Analysis for drugs and metabolites, including anti-infective agents (methodological surveys in biochemistry and analysis." Analytica Chimica Acta 254, no. 1-2 (November 1991): 253–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2670(91)90039-8.
Full text
7
Stojakovic, Natasa, Ranko Skrbic, Svjetlana Stoisavljevic-Satara, Dragana Babic-Djuric, Lana Nezic, and Ana Sabo. "Prescription-only drugs in Banja Luka region: Utilization analysis." Medical review 57, no. 1-2 (2004): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0402072s.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction Using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical/Defined Daily Dose (ATC/DDD) methodology, we analyzed utilization of prescription-only drugs in Banja Luka region in 2000 - 2001. Material and methods A retrospective study on drug utilization, according to ATC classification, was conducted on the basis of data received from Central City Pharmacy Banja Luka, and results were presented in terms of DDD/1000 inhabitants/day. Results Pharmaco-epidemiological analysis showed that the list of 20 most frequently prescribed drugs in 2000 included 8 cardiovascular drugs and 6 anti-infective drugs. In 2001, 20 most frequently prescribed drugs, included 9 cardiovascular drugs, and 4 anti-infective drugs. Regarding anti-infective agents, the most frequently prescribed antibiotics were amoxicillin, doxycyline, co-trimoxazole and gentamicin. The most frequently prescribed drug in 2000 was diazepam (5,33 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day). The use of this drug significantly increased in 2001 (7,95 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day). Discussion and conclusion Based on total analysis, it can be concluded that the positive drug list, defined by the Health Insurance Fund, significantly affected the drug utilization profile, but some drugs are considered to be irrationally prescribed.
8
Louis, Bruno, and Vijay K. Agrawal. "Quantitative structure-pharmacokinetic relationship (QSPkP) analysis of the volume of distribution values of anti-infective agents from j group of the ATC classification in humans." Acta Pharmaceutica 62, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 305–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10007-012-0024-z.
Full textAbstract:
In this study, a quantitative structure-pharmacokinetic relationship (QSPkR) model for the volume of distribution (Vd) values of 126 anti-infective drugs in humans was developed employing multiple linear regression (MLR), artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector regression (SVM) using theoretical molecular structural descriptors. A correlation-based feature selection (CFS) was employed to select the relevant descriptors for modeling. The model results show that the main factors governing Vd of anti-infective drugs are 3D molecular representations of atomic van der Waals volumes and Sanderson electronegativities, number of aliphatic and aromatic amino groups, number of beta-lactam rings and topological 2D shape of the molecule. Model predictivity was evaluated by external validation, using a variety of statistical tests and the SVM model demonstrated better performance compared to other models. The developed models can be used to predict the Vd values of anti-infective drugs.
9
Gupta, Ram N. "Analysis for drugs and metabolites including anti-infective agents (Methodological Surveys in Biochemistry and Analysis, Vol. 20)." Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 565, no. 1-2 (April 1991): 534–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-4347(91)80423-a.
Full text
10
Sawalha, A. F., W. M. Sweileh, S. H. Zyoud, and S. W. Jabi. "Comparative Analysis of Patient Package Inserts of Local and Imported Anti-Infective Agents in Palestine." Libyan Journal of Medicine 3, no. 4 (January 2008): 181–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/ljm.v3i4.4790.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Anti-infective agents – Analysis"
1
Wahyuono, Subagus. "Potential anti-infective agents isolated from Artemisia pacifica Nutt and Guardiola platyphylla Gray (fam. Asteraceae)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185386.
Full textAbstract:
The dichloromethane extracts (1 mg/ml) of Artemisia pacifica Nutt and Guardiola platyphylla Gray (fam. Asteraceae) separately demonstrated in vitro growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus (UA 9-29), Bacillus subtilis (UA 2-27), Klebsiella pneumoniae (UA 3-9) and Candida albicans (UA 97). Each of these extracts were subjected to bioassay-directed solvent extraction and partition in order to obtain concentrated active fractions. Subsequently, the active compounds were isolated and identified from these fractions. Artemisia pacifica Nutt. The active compound was the major component isolated from A. pacifica. By comparing the physical and chemical data with previously reported data, this compound was identified as dehydrofalcarindiol. Dehydrofalcarindiol demonstrated growth inhibition against S. aureus (50 μg/ml), B. subtilis (25 μg/ml), K. pneumoniae (100 μg/ml) and C. albicans (25 μg/ml). Its diacetyl derivative was devoid of activity at 100 μg/ml. Guardiola platyphylla Gray. The active fraction obtained from G. platyphylla contained unstable compounds that decomposed in the presence of air. Size exclusion chromatography (Sephadex LH-20) was used to fractionate the active fraction. Two new sesquiterpenes, the o-catechol derivatives (1S,4S) and (1S,4R)-7,8-dihydroxy-11,12-dehydrocalamenene, were eluted from the column as a mixture. The mixture of their diacetyl derivatives was oxidized with CrO₃ in AcOH. The major oxidation product was identified as (1S)-7,8-diacetyl-4-oxodeisopropylcalamenene, thereby verifying the sole difference to be the configuration at C-4. This sesquiterpene mixture completely inhibited the growth of S. aureus (100 μg/ml), B. subtilis (50 μg/ml), K. pneumoniae (100 μg/ml) and C. albicans (100 μg/ml). After removal of the sesquiterpenes from the active fraction, the remaining compounds displayed the same level of activity. Another six compounds were also isolated from this mixture as acetylated derivatives due to their instability. Their dimeric structures were identified by 2D-NMR techniques (COSY, HETCOR and NOESY). These dimers may be artifacts since they were formed from their o-quinone monomers when kept at room temperature for a week or when heated at 60°C for 4 hours.
2
Lima, Bruna de Araujo 1985. "Análise dos mecanismos da atividade antimicrobiana da violaceína sobre Staphylococcus aureus = Analysis of antimicrobial activity mechanisms of violacein against Staphylococcus aureus." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/317022.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador: Marcelo BrocchiTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T15:34:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lima_BrunadeAraujo_D.pdf: 3794605 bytes, checksum: 178a4bf447e5292f789a4713d5500b38 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: A violaceína é um pigmento violeta produzido por algumas espécies bacterianas de origem ambiental, tais como Chromobacterium violaceum e Janthinobacterium lividum. Esta molécula apresenta várias propriedades biológicas incluindo antibacteriana, antifúngica, antiviral, antiprotozoária e antitumoral, apesar de sua função exata na fisiologia dos micro-organismos que a produz, ainda é desconhecido. No presente trabalho, a atividade antimicrobiana da violaceína produzida comercialmente, o extrato semi purificado e nanopartículas de vanadato de prata foram avaliados contra espécies de bacterianas gram-positivas e gram-negativas. A violaceína exibiu efeito antimicrobiano contra Staphylococcus aureus resistente à meticilina (MRSA) e Enterococcus resistente à vancomicina (VRE), que são micro-organismos frequentemente relacionados com infecções adquiridas em hospitais. Os valores de MIC (concentração inibitória mínima) e MBC (concentração bactericida mínima) da violaceína produzida comercialmente foram de 0,625 ?M e 1,25 ?M respectivamente e, análise de curvas de crescimento e tempo-morte revelaram um efeito antibacteriano durante 12 horas contra MRSA. A microscopia eletrônica de transmissão mostrou os efeitos da violaceína com alterações morfológicas e ultra estruturais, incluindo alterações na parede celular e formação de septos de divisão anormais. Nos resultados obtidos das análises de proteômica e transcriptoma a violaceína afetou a expressão de várias classes funcionais de proteínas e genes em MRSA, incluindo processos biológicos em biossíntese da parede celular e divisão celular que corroboram as alterações ultra estruturais visualizadas. Em conclusão, a violaceína produzida comercialmente demonstrou atividade antimicrobiana para S. aureus MRSA e pela primeira vez, os efeitos da violaceína sobre o metabolismo de S. aureus foram descritos, indicando possíveis alvos e vias metabólicas afetadas por esta droga. No seu conjunto, estes dados indicam a violaceína como uma droga potencial para o tratamento de infecções provocadas por MRSA
Abstract: Violacein is a violet pigment produced by some bacterial species of environmental source, such as Chromobacterium violaceum and Janthinobacterium lividum. This molecule has numerous biological properties including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antiprotozoal and antitumor activity, although the exact role in the physiology of producing microorganisms is still unknown. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of violacein produced commercially, semi purified extract and silver vanadate nanoparticles were evaluated against several species of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Violacein exhibited antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), microorganisms that are often related to hospital-acquired infections. MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) values of violacein produced commercially were 1.25 ?M mM and 0.625 ?M respectively, and analysis of growth and time-kill curves showed an antibacterial effect against MRSA for 12 hours. The transmission electron microscopy showed the effects of violacein with morphological and ultra-structural changes, including changes in cell wall formation and abnormal division septum. The results obtained from the analysis of proteomic and transcriptomic revealed that violacein affects the expression of several functional classes of proteins and genes in MRSA, including biological processes in cell wall biosynthesis and cell division, supporting ultra-structural changes. In conclusion, violacein produced commercially demonstrated antimicrobial activity against S. aureus MRSA and the effects on the metabolism of S. aureus have been described, indicating possible targets and pathways affected by this drug. These data indicate violacein as a potential drug for the treatment of infections caused by MRSA
Doutorado
Microbiologia
Doutora em Genética e Biologia Molecular
3
Dube, Phumuzile. "The antimicrobial and associated antioxidant activity of rooibos (aspalathus linearis) and honeybush (cyclopia intermedia) herbal teas." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2236.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MTech (Biomedical Technology))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015.The increase in antibiotic resistant bacterial and fungal infections and the prevalence of oxidative stress-related conditions including cancers, cardiovascular diseases and diabetes has led to a consensus among pharmaceutical companies, clinicians and researchers that novel antimicrobial and antioxidant approaches are needed. These should be ideally efficacious, non toxic, easily accessible and affordable. There has been an increased interest in the identification of medicinal plants that possess both these bioactivities in an intrinsically related manner, allowing the simultaneous prevention of these ailments. Two South African herbal teas, rooibos and honeybush have been associated with a long history of medicinal use, hence their consideration for the current study. Numerous studies have been performed to evaluate the antioxidant activities of these South African herbal teas, however limited information about their antimicrobial activity currently exists.
National Research Foundation
4
Kleyi, Phumelele Eldridge. "The development of functionalized electrospun nanofibers for the control of pathogenic microorganisms in water." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013134.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis presents the development of functionalized electrospun nylon 6 nanofibers for the eradication of pathogenic microorganisms in drinking water. Imidazole derivatives were synthesized as the antimicrobial agents and were characterized by means of NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and X-ray crystallography. The first set of compounds (2-substituted N-alkylimidazoles) consisted of imidazole derivatives substituted with different alkyl groups (methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, heptyl, octyl, decyl and benzyl) at the 1-position and various functional groups [carboxaldehyde (CHO), alcohol (CH2OH) and carboxylic acid (COOH)] at the 2-position. It was observed that the antimicrobial activity of the compounds increased with increasing alkyl chain length and decreasing pKa of the 2-substituent. It was also observed that the antimicrobial activity was predominantly against a Gram-positive bacterial strains [Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 5-160 μg/mL) and Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii (MIC = 5-20 μg/mL)], with the latter being the more susceptible. However, the compounds displayed poor antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacterial strain, E. coli (MIC = 150- >2500 μg/mL) and did not show any activity against the yeast, C. albicans. The second set of compounds consisted of the silver(I) complexes containing 2-hydroxymethyl-N-alkylimidazoles. The complexes displayed a broad spectrum antimicrobial activity towards the microorganisms that were tested and their activity [E. coli (MIC = 5-40 μg/mL), S. aureus (MIC = 20-80 μg/mL), Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii (MIC = 5-40 μg/mL) and C. albicans (MIC = 40-80 μg/mL)] increased with the alkyl chain length of the 2-hydroxymethyl-N-alkylimidazole. The third set of compounds consisted of the vinylimidazoles containing the vinyl group either at the 1-position or at the 4- or 5- position. The imidazoles with the vinyl group at the 4- or 5-position contained the alkyl group (decyl) at the 1-position. For the fabrication of the antimicrobial nanofibers, the first two sets of imidazole derivatives (2-substituted N-alkylimidazoles and silver(I) complexes) were incorporated into electrospun nylon 6 nanofibers while the third set (2-substituted vinylimidazoles) was immobilized onto electrospun nylon 6 nanofibers employing the graft polymerization method. The antimicrobial nylon nanofibers were characterized by IR spectroscopy and SEM-EDAX (EDS). The electrospun nylon 6 nanofibers incorporated with 2-substituted N-alkylimidazoles displayed moderate to excellent levels of growth reduction against S. aureus (73.2-99.8 percent). For the electrospun nylon 6 nanofibers incorporated with silver(I) complexes, the levels of growth reduction were >99.99 percent, after the antimicrobial activity evaluation using the shake flask method. Furthermore, the grafted electrospun nylon 6 nanofibers showed excellent levels of growth reduction for E. coli (99.94-99.99 percent) and S. aureus (99.93-99.99 percent). The reusability results indicated that the grafted electrospun nylon 6 nanofibers maintained the antibacterial activity until the third cycle of useage. The cytotoxicity studies showed that grafted electrospun nylon 6 nanofibers possess lower cytotoxic effects on Chang liver cells with IC50 values in the range 23.48-26.81 μg/mL. The thesis demonstrated that the development of antimicrobial electrospun nanofibers, with potential for the eradication of pathogenic microoganisms in water, could be accomplished by incorporation as well as immobilization strategies.
5
Savi, Aline. "Caracterização química, potencial antimicrobiano e antioxidante de polissacarídeo extraído de cará-moela (Dioscorea bulbifera)." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2018. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/3164.
Full textAbstract:
Fundação Araucária de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do ParanáO cará-moela (Dioscorea bulbifera) é uma hortaliça não convencional que armazena substâncias de reserva em um caule aéreo modificado, e por possuir potencial nutritivo vem sendo utilizado na culinária como substituto de tubérculos tradicionais que possuem importância social e econômica como a batata inglesa e a batata doce. Há relatos na literatura que apontam para a presença de compostos de interesse biotecnológico, como saponinas, flavonoides, terpenoides, compostos fenólicos, taninos, glicosídeos, alcaloides, oxalatos, ácidos orgânicos e principalmente polissacarídeos. Para suprir as necessidades de informações sobre as propriedades dos carboidratos e suas aplicações industriais, os polissacarídeos, presentes no tubérculo do cará-moela, em estado bruto e pré-purificado, foram caracterizados quimicamente por meio de diferentes técnicas instrumentais, bem como, tiveram sua capacidade antioxidante e antimicrobiana determinada. Por meio da Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (RMN) foi possível comprovar que as amostras analisadas são formadas por macromoléculas poliméricas. Os espectros de Infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (IV-TF) apresentaram uma banda de absorção bem definida para hidroxilas (OH), característica de polissacarídeos. A utilização da Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV) possibilitou conhecer a morfologia das amostras, as quais são compostas por películas ou "folhas". Além disso, por Difração de Raios X (DRX) foi observado que as amostras em sua maioria são compostas por material amorfo, apresentando picos de cristalinidade em aproximadamente 21,54º e 23,62º 2θ. A análise térmica detectou três regiões de perda de massa no polissacarídeo não dialisado (PND) e dialisado (PD), nas temperaturas de 100 e 150; 150 e 175; e 550 e 425 ºC, respectivamente; associadas principalmente a desidratação da amostra e à decomposição da matéria orgânica, restando uma certa quantidade de cinzas. Também foi possível determinar a matéria orgânica presente nas amostras que foi de aproximadamente 90,80 e 89,50%, na devida ordem. Interessante atividade antioxidante foi detectada por DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, remoção do radical OH, remoção do H2O2 e poder redutor, porém não apresentaram atividade antimicrobiana frente aos 20 microrganismos testados. Os resultados obtidos neste estudo permitiram caracterizar preliminarmente o polissacarídeo da D. bulbifera, dados estes não encontrados em todo o levantamento bibliográfico realizado. Além disso, tais resultados podem nortear trabalhos futuros com a aplicação deste material industrialmente, como filmes biodegradáveis, em excipientes farmacêuticos, e no encapsulamento de compostos nutracêuticos.
Dioscorea bulbifera is an unconventional vegetable that stores reserve substances in a modified aerial stem, and because it has nutritional potential, has been used in cooking as a substitute for traditional tubers that have social and economic importance such as potatoes and the sweet potato. There are reports in the literature that point to the presence of compounds of biotechnological interest, such as saponins, flavonoids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, tannins, glycosides, alkaloids, oxalates, organic acids and mainly polysaccharides. To meet the needs of information on the properties of carbohydrates and their industrial applications, the polysaccharides, present in the raw and pre-purified carcass of the gizzard were characterized chemically by means of different instrumental techniques, as well as their antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity. By means of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) it was possible to prove that the analyzed samples are formed by polymeric macromolecules. The Fourier Transform Infrared (IV-TF) spectra presented a well defined absorption band for hydroxyls (OH), characteristic of polysaccharides. The use of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) made it possible to know the morphology of the samples, which are composed of films or "sheets". Moreover, by X-ray diffraction (XRD) it was observed that the samples are mostly composed of amorphous material, with peaks of crystallinity at approximately 21.54º and 23.62º 2θ. Thermal analysis detected three regions of mass loss in the non-dialysed polysaccharide (PND) and dialysate (PD) at temperatures of 100 and 150; 150 and 175; and 550 and 425 °C, respectively; associated mainly with sample dewatering and organic matter decomposition, leaving a certain amount of ash remaining. It was also possible to determine the organic matter present in the samples, which was approximately 90.80 and 89.50%, in due order. Interesting antioxidant activity was detected by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, removal of the OH radical, removal of H2O2 and reducing power, but did not present antimicrobial activity against the 20 microorganisms tested. The results obtained in this study allowed preliminary characterization of the D. bulbifera polysaccharide, data not found in the entire bibliographic survey. Moreover, such results may guide future work with the application of this material industrially, as biodegradable films, in pharmaceutical excipients, and in the encapsulation of nutraceutical compounds.
6
Francisconi, dos Rios Luciana Fávaro, Leslie Casas-Apayco, Marcela Pagani Calabria, Paulo Afonso Silveria Francisconi, Ana Flávia Sanches Borges, and Linda Wang. "Role of chlorhexidine in bond strength to artificially eroded dentin over time." Quintessence Publishing Group, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/607257.
Full textAbstract:
El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.PURPOSE: To assess the long-term effect of a 2% aqueous chlorhexidine (CHX) solution on bond strength to artificially eroded dentin compared to sound dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Flat mid-coronal dentin surfaces of extracted third molars (n = 28) were subjected only to grinding with a 600-grit SiC paper for 1 min (sound dentin S, n = 14) or additionally to erosive pH cycling with a cola-based soft-drink (eroded dentin E, n = 14). After acid etching, rinsing, and air drying, S and E were rehydrated with 1.5 μl of 2% CHX (S2%, n = 7; E2%, n = 7) or of distilled water (control SC, n = 7; EC, n = 7). Composite buildups were incrementally constructed with Filtek Z350 following Adper Single Bond 2 application. Specimens were sectioned into beams, which were subjected to microtensile testing immediately or after 6 or 12 months of aging. Fractured surfaces were observed under a digital microscope (50X magnification). Microtensile bond strength (μTBS) (MPa) was analyzed by three-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests (α = 0.05) and failure mode by the Kruskal-Wallis test (α = 0.05). RESULTS: Compared to sound dentin, eroded dentin was consistently related to lower μTBS. Immediately and after 12-month aging, the effect of CHX was insignificant, but it was significant after 6-month aging, when it conserved the bond strength to both eroded and sound dentin. The percentage of adhesive and mixed failures were equivalent, and significantly more frequent than cohesive failures, whether in dentin or in composite. CONCLUSION: The 2% CHX effect on bond strength conservation to both eroded and sound dentin was not found to be persistent.
Revisión por pares
7
Al-Ghazawi, Mutasin. "Pharmacokinetic analysis of antimicrobials in llamas with theoretical applications." Thesis, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/33626.
Full text
8
Pukala, Tara Louise. "Structural and mechanistic studies of bioactive peptides." 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/37851.
Full textAbstract:
Venoms, toxins and host-defence systems constitute rich sources of biologically active molecules, many of which have enormous therapeutic and biotechnological potential. In particular, peptides are often a significant component of these chemical arsenals, and are fundamentally important as biological effector molecules. The research presented in this thesis is centred on the isolation and investigation of peptides from both frogs and spiders, and endeavours to probe the important structural and mechanistic features of these bioactive compounds. The skin peptide profiles of interspecific hybrids between the green tree frog Litoria caerulea and the magnificent tree frog Litoria splendida have been investigated in a ninemonth survey. Fourteen peptides were characterised primarily using mass spectrometry, of which three had not been identified previously in the skin secretions of either parent. A number of these peptides are antibacterial agents, while others effectively inhibit the formation of nitric oxide by neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Implications for the genetics and expression of amphibian dermal peptides are also discussed. The majority of frogs of the genus Litoria contain at least one peptide in their glandular secretion capable of inhibiting the formation of nitric oxide by the enzyme neuronal nitric oxide synthase. This was proposed to occur by preventing the association of the regulatory cofactor, Ca²⁺ -calmodulin, with its binding site on the enzyme. Non-covalent binding of the amphibian peptides to calmodulin in the presence of Ca²⁺ has been confirmed using electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry, by the observation of complexes in the gas phase with a 1 : 1 : 4 calmodulin / peptide / Ca²⁺ stoichiometry. In addition, the structure and binding interactions of caerin 1.8, a potent nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, have been further probed using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy techniques. Recently a number of small, disulfide - containing neuropeptides of the signiferin and riparin families have been characterised from the skin secretion of frogs of the Crinia genus. Of these, signiferin 1 and riparin 1.1 are both ten residue peptides with similar primary sequences, however appear to have a significantly different spectrum of bioactivity. Although both act at cholecystokinin-2 receptors, signiferin 1 is smooth muscle active while riparin 1.1 is not, and instead causes proliferation of lymphocytes. The three-dimensional structures of these peptides were determined using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and restrained molecular dynamics calculations. Both signiferin 1 and riparin 1.1 adopt β - turn type conformations, however differences in these structures may be responsible for the variation in biological activity noted for these peptides. The dermal secretions of most Australian frogs contain at least one broad-spectrum peptide antibiotic, and often a series of peptides with differing activity to afford greater protection against microbial pathogens. Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies were carried out to investigate the interaction of a number of these antibacterial peptides with anionic model membranes, and the results are compared with work previously reported using neutral lipids. It appears the peptides may have a different mode of interaction with the membranes depending upon the charge of the lipid head group. The cupiennin 1 peptides have been identified in the venom of the neotropical wandering spider, Cupiennius salei, and demonstrate potent wide-spectrum antibacterial activity. Primary sequence analysis of these peptides suggests a unique amphipathic structure distinctly different from that of other potentially helical cationic antimicrobial peptides isolated thus far. Using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and restrained molecular dynamics calculations, cupiennin 1a was found to adopt an α- helical structure with a flexible central hinge region in membrane mimicking solvents. Following this, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy methods were used to further probe the antibacterial and the newly identified neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitory activity of this peptide.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Chemistry and Physics, Discipline of Chemistry, 2006
9
Turner, Dee Ann. "Monitoring, characterizing, and preventing microbial degradation of ignitable liquids on soil." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1805/5046.
Full textAbstract:
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)Organic-rich substrates such as soil provide an excellent carbon source for bacteria. However, hydrocarbons such as those found in various ignitable liquids can also serve as a source of carbon to support bacterial growth. This is problematic for fire debris analysis as samples may be stored at room temperature for extended periods before they are analyzed due to case backlog. As a result, selective loss of key components due to bacterial metabolism can make identifying and classifying ignitable liquid residues by their chemical composition and boiling point range very difficult. The ultimate goal of this project is to preserve ignitable liquid residues against microbial degradation as efficiently and quickly as possible. Field and laboratory studies were conducted to monitor microbial degradation of gasoline and other ignitable liquids in soil samples. In addition to monitoring degradation in potting soil, as a worst case scenario, the effect of soil type and season were also studied. The effect of microbial action was also compared to the effect of weathering by evaporation (under nitrogen in the laboratory and by the passive headspace analysis of the glass fragments from the incendiary devices in the field studies). All studies showed that microbial degradation resulted in the significant loss of n-alkanes and lesser substituted alkylbenzenes predominantly and quickly, while more highly substituted alkanes and aromatics were not significantly affected. Additionally, the residential soil during the fall season showed the most significant loss of these compounds over the course of 30 days. To combat this problem, a chemical solution is to be immediately applied to the samples as they are collected. Various household and commercial products were tested for their efficacy at low concentrations to eliminate all living bacteria in the soil. Triclosan (2% (w/v) in NaOH) proved to be the most effective at preserving ignitable liquid residues for at least 30 days.
Books on the topic "Anti-infective agents – Analysis"
1
Chŏng, Sŏk-hun. Hangsaengje naesŏng yujŏnchʻe yŏnʼgu =: Analysis of antimicrobial resistance gene. [Seoul]: Sikpʻum Ŭiyakpʻum Anjŏnchʻŏng, 2007.
Find full text
2
Pak, Yong-ho. Insu kongyong hangsaengje ŭi wihae kwalli: Chuyo chʻuk, susanyong hangsaengje yŏnghyang pʻyŏngka = Risk management of critically important veterinary antibiotics. [Seoul]: Sikpʻum Ŭiyakpʻum Anjŏnchʻŏng, 2007.
Find full text
3
Inc, ebrary, ed. Chemical analysis of antibiotic residues in food. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley & Sons, 2012.
Find full text
4
Chŏng, Yun-hŭi. Chʻuksan hwanʼgyŏng ŭi naesŏng chosa mit yŏnghyang pʻyŏngka =: A study on antibiotic resistance and effect assessment in domestic livestock environment. [Seoul]: Sikpʻum Ŭiyakpʻum Anjŏnchʻŏng, 2007.
Find full text
5
V, Müller Gunter, ed. New immunology research developments. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2008.
Find full text
6
Vekshin, N. L. Biophysics of DNA-antibiotic complexes. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.
Find full text
7
M, Hooper N., ed. Alzheimer's disease: Methods and protocols. Totowa, N.J: Humana Press, 2000.
Find full text
8
Riviere, J. Edmond. Handbook of comparative pharmacokinetics and residues of veterinary antimicrobials. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press, 1991.
Find full text
9
Lambert, R. J. W. Antimicrobial Synergy : Methodologies, Techniques of Analysis and Application: Methodologies, Techniques of Analysis and Application. Taylor & Francis Group, 2006.
Find full text
10
1922-, Reid Eric, Wilson Ian D, and International Bioanalytical Forum (8th : 1989 : Guildford, England), eds. Analysis for drugs and metabolites, including anti-infective agents. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 1990.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Anti-infective agents – Analysis"
1
Finberg, Robert W., and Roy Guharoy. "Sample Cases and Analyses of the Use of Anti-infective Agents." In Clinical Use of Anti-infective Agents, 119–26. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1068-3_21.
Full text
2
Finberg, Robert W., and Roy Guharoy. "Sample Cases and Analyses of the Use of Anti-infective Agents." In Clinical Use of Anti-infective Agents, 159–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67459-5_25.
Full text