Relevant bibliographies by topics / Anti-HIV treatment

Academic literature on the topic 'Anti-HIV treatment'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Anti-HIV treatment"

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Hirschel, Bernard. "Planned interruptions of anti-HIV treatment." Lancet Infectious Diseases 1, no. 1 (August 2001): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1473-3099(01)00022-6.

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Eron, Joseph J., and Pietro Vernazza. "Alternative strategies for anti-HIV treatment." AIDS 15 (2001): S161—S169. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-200100005-00020.

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Hill, Andrew M. "CD4 RISES DURING ANTI-HIV TREATMENT." AIDS 8, Supplement 4 (November 1994): S3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199411004-00011.

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Karpas, Abraham, Stephen Ash, and Douglas Bainbridge. "Are anti-HIV drugs an effective treatment?" Nature Medicine 3, no. 10 (October 1997): 1052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm1097-1052a.

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Wurtman, Richard J. "Are anti-HIV drugs an effective treatment?" Nature Medicine 3, no. 10 (October 1997): 1052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm1097-1052b.

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LIM, SENG G., CHRISTINE A. LEE, and PETER B. A. KERNOFF. "Zidovudine treatment for anti-HIV positive haemophiliacs." Clinical & Laboratory Haematology 12, no. 4 (June 28, 2008): 367–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2257.1990.tb00348.x.

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Piliero, Peter J. "Early Factors in Successful Anti-HIV Treatment." Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care 2, no. 1 (January 2003): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154510970300200102.

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Kang, Dongwei, Jinxuan Yang, Lingjin Kong, Ronghua Luo, Xusheng Huang, Tao Zhang, Mengdi Ma, et al. "Structure-Based Discovery and Characterization of a Preclinical Drug Candidate for the Treatment of HIV-1 Infection." Viruses 14, no. 11 (October 28, 2022): 2390. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14112390.

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HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) area key component of the current HIV-1 combination drug regimens. Although they exhibit potent anti-HIV-1 activity and modest toxicity, the emergence of mutant strains limits their application in clinical. Our previous research efforts contributed to the identification of compound K-5a2, which exhibits nanomolar activity in HIV-1-infected MT-4 cells. In this study, K-5a2 was shown to have a high level of anti-HIV-1 activity against various lab-adapted strains and clinical isolate strains, being comparable to ETR. Moreover, we showed the feasibility of K-5a2 as a preclinical anti-HIV-1 candidate by establishing its synergistic or additive anti-HIV-1 activity in combination with other representative anti-HIV-1 drugs and candidates. In addition, K-5a2 exhibited no inhibitory activity to the primary CYP isoforms and favorable pharmacokinetics. Taken together, its robust anti-HIV-1 potency, synergistic or additive effects with other anti-HIV drugs, and favorable pharmacokinetic and safety profiles make K-5a2 a potent alternative drug for HIV/AIDS treatment.
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Scaradavou, Andromachi, Bonnie Woo, B. M. R. Woloski, Susanna Cunningham-Rundles, Lawrence J. Ettinger, Louis M. Aledort, and James B. Bussel. "Intravenous Anti-D Treatment of Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura: Experience in 272 Patients." Blood 89, no. 8 (April 15, 1997): 2689–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v89.8.2689.

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Abstract We report the results of intravenous anti-D (WinRho, WinRho SD) therapy in 261 non-splenectomized patients treated at the New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center over the period from 1987 to 1994. Children (n = 124) and adult patients (n = 137) with classic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP; n = 156) or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) related thrombocytopenia (n = 105) and acute (n = 75) or chronic (n = 186) disease at the time of the initial anti-D treatment were studied. In addition, 11 previously splenectomized patients were treated as a separate group. Our objectives were to evaluate the following. (1) Efficacy of anti-D: The response after the initial infusion was analyzed according to clinical parameters, such as patient's age, HIV status, gender, disease duration, pretreatment platelet count, and hemoglobin value, as well as treatment-related factors, including the dose of anti-D, the solvent detergent treatment of the preparation, and the type of administration. (2) Use of anti-D as maintenance therapy: The duration of response after the initial infusion and the results of subsequent treatments were evaluated. (3) Safety/toxicity of anti-D: Postinfusion reactions and hemoglobin decrease after treatment were studied. Anti-D is a safe treatment providing a hemostatic platelet increase in greater than 70% of the Rh+ non-splenectomized patients. The group with the best results is HIV− children, but all patient groups respond and the effect lasts more than 21 days in 50% of the responders. Duration of response is not influenced by HIV status; furthermore, HIV+ patients show no adverse effects on hemoglobin decrease or HIV disease progression. Patients with chronic ITP after splenectomy have minimal or no response to intravenous anti-D.
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Huerta-Reyes, Maira, Luis O. Sánchez-Vargas, Getsemaní S. Villanueva-Amador, and Luis A. Gaitán-Cepeda. "Anti-HIV and Anti-Candidal Effects of Methanolic Extract from Heteropterys brachiata." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14 (July 7, 2021): 7270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147270.

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Nowadays, the HIV pandemic is far from controlled. HIV+/AIDS patients show a serious risk of developing resistance to HIV antiretroviral drugs and to be orally colonized by albicans and non-albicans Candida strains resistant to antifungals. As a consequence, new drugs that possess anti-candidal and anti-HIV effects would represent an alternative in the comprehensive treatment of HIV+/AIDS patients. The present study evaluates the possible anti-HIV and anti-Candida effects of a methanolic extract from Heteropterys brachiata (Hb MeOH), an American tropical plant. The anti-HIV effect of Hb MeOH was tested using a non-radioactive colorimetric method (Lenti RT® Activity Assay; Cavidi Tech) that uses reverse transcriptase of HIV-1 enzyme as enzymatic target. The anti-candidal effect of HbMeOH extract was evaluated by following a standardized test protocol of microdilution for yeast using the Candida albicans strain ATCC® 90028. The Hb MeOH at 1 mg/mL concentration shows 38.5% RT-HIV inhibition, while Hb MeOH at 10 mg/mL concentration produced 98% C. albicans growth inhibition. Our findings show that the Hb MeOH possesses a strong anti-candidal activity and moderate anti-HIV effect and suggests that the plant extract could be considered as a potential candidate for HIV/AIDS treatment.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Anti-HIV treatment"

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Kang, Yuanxi, and 康元曦. "Mechanism study of novel CCR5 antagonists and their potential as anti-HIV-1 microbicides." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47849393.

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R5-tropic HIV-1 is predominantly transmitted during unprotected sexual contacts, rendering CCR5 antagonist as an attractive agent not only for antiretroviral therapy but also for prevention. Here, we report two 1,3,3,4-tetrasubstituted pyrrolidine embodied compounds, TD-0232 and TD-0680, as novel small molecule CCR5 antagonists and investigate their specificities, potencies and underlying mechanisms. We found that both TD-0232 and TD-0680 inhibited a diverse group of R5-tropic HIV-1 and SIV strains in both single-cycle infectivity assays and live viral PBMC assays. When compared to other CCR5 antagonists, such as TAK-779 and the only FDA-approved Maraviroc, TD-0680 displayed the highest potency with EC50 values at the subnanomolar levels (range 0.09nM-2.29nM). TD-0232 and TD-0680, but not Tenofovir, a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, completely blocked envelope-mediated cell-cell fusion and subsequent viral transmission. Critically, TD-0680 was potent at inhibiting the replication of a TAK-779/Maraviroc-resistant HIV-1 variant in PBMCs at a subnanomolar concentration. Interestingly, despite binding to a similar transmembrane pocket of CCR5, TD-0232 and TD-0680 functioned differently as revealed by site-directed mutagenesis and drug combination assays. Based on the sequence homology, we constructed a CCR5 molecule model using the crystallized CXCR4 as a template. By docking of CCR5 antagonists with CCR5, we identified a unique binding mode of TD-0680, which has not been described previously. TD-0680, with an exo-configuration, extended its interaction with the ECL-2 region of CCR5 in a protruding manner, thereby interrupting the interaction between the virus and its co-receptor more effectively. In an antibody recognition assay, we confirmed that TD-0680 had an enhanced inhibitory activity against the anti-ECL2 monoclonal antibodies binding. Furthermore, we investigated the antiviral activities of TD-0232 and TD-0680 that were formulated into a thermo-reversible acidic microbicide gel. Both drugs were stable in the acidic gels and could be released rapidly for long lasting and potent antiviral activities. Although human semen could enhance the infection of HIV-1, it did not seem to affect the potencies of the TD-0232 and TD-0680 gels. In summary, our findings suggest that TD-0232 and TD-0680 can be further developed not only as anti-HIV-1 agents for therapeutic purposes but also as potent microbicides for the prevention of sexual transmission of R5-tropic HIV-1.
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Microbiology
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Aung, Kay Tu Jittima Dhitavat. "Pulmonary tuberculosis treatment outcomes in HIV infected patients on antiretroviral therapy /." Abstract, 2006. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2549/cd388/4838793.pdf.

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Harnett, Siobhán Margaret. "In vitro anti-HIV activities of Sutherlandia frutescens and Lobostemon trigonum extracts." Thesis, University of Port Elizabeth, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/347.

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Currently, the approved anti-HIV drugs on the market only target the three HIV enzymes: reverse transcriptase, protease and more recently, integrase. Due to the limited nature of the current therapy, it is possible that a multi-drug resistant virus can emerge. The main concerns in developing countries however, are the expense and availability of the drugs and because of this, it is essential to investigate all alternatives. Traditional medicine offers many advantages as compared to allopathic treatment in so far as being relatively cheaper, accessible and it is broadly accepted in the population groups of the developing countries. Little is known though, of the exact efficacy and toxicity of these remedies so it is vital that these possible leads be investigated thoroughly. For the purpose of this study, two plants, Sutherlandia frutescens and Lobostemon trigonum were studied to ascertain their potential anti-HIV activity. Sutherlandia has received international attention as a possible cheap herbal remedy to improve the health of AIDS sufferers. Anecdotal evidence from health workers claim that HIV- infected patients on Sutherlandia treatment have shown improved CD4 counts, decreased viral loads and a general improvement in well-being. Extracts were prepared from dried leaves and flowers in methanol, ethanol, acetone, methylene dichloride or distilled water. Sulphated polysaccharides have been described extensively in literature with regards to their anti-HIV activity, so as a form of dereplication; an ethanol precipitation was performed on the aqueous extracts to remove sulphated polysaccharides. A toxicity study was performed on all crude extracts using uninfected peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PBMCs) isolated from whole blood. To measure anti-HIV activity, HIV-infected PBMCs were cultured with each of the crude extracts and cell viability measured using the tetrazolium salt, XTT. HIV-infected CEM-NKR-CCR5 cells were also used and supernatant from the viral studies was tested for the HIV antigen p24. xii Results varied greatly between assays but with the inclusion of a point-scale system to evaluate the extracts it was clear that overall the organic extracts of the Sutherlandia flowers, especially the acetone extract (SFA), showed great anti-HIV potential. SFA in every case decreased p24 levels and in the toxicity study did not decrease cell proliferation. With the HIV-infected PBMCs SFA actually helped improve cell proliferation despite the infection. To determine the specific anti- HIV activity, all crude extracts were tested for inhibition of HIV-I reverse transcriptase, the glycohydrolase enzymes: a-glucosidase, ß-glucosidase, ßglucuronidase, HIV-I integrase and HIV-II protease. No significant inhibition was seen with these experiments except for the HIV-I RT assay. The aqueous extract of the Lobostemon leaves produced an inhibitor of HIV-RT with a very low IC50 value of 0.049mg/ml. Some inhibitory effect was lost with the removal of the sulphated polysaccharides and the addition of BSA to the assay, but still 64% inhibition of the HIVRT remained, which confirmed that the inhibitor could be something novel, and not of the polysaccharide or tannin compounds.
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Cederfjäll, Claes. "Aspects of care among HIV infected patients : needs, adherence to treatment and health related quality of life /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-288-4.

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Moeketsi, Ntshebo Mirriam. "Treatment and regimen change in a cohort of HIV positive patients in anti-retroviral treatment at Tshepang Wellness Clinic, Dr George Mukhari Hospital." Thesis, University of Limpopo ( Medunsa Campus ), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/218.

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Thesis (MPH)--University of Limpopo, 2010.
Background: Antiretroviral therapy led to a revolution in care of patients with HIV/AIDS in a developed world. Treatment is not a cure but it also presented with new challenges of side effects, drug resistance and it also dramatically reduces rate of mortality and morbidity and it also improves quality of life to people living with HIV/AIDS, and it also now considered as manageable chronic diseases. Aim: Aim of the study is to establish and describe reasons for treatment and regimen change in a cohort of HIV positive patients on ART enrolled in the pharmaco-epidemiological survey at Tshepang wellness clinic. Objectives: is to determine reasons for treatment and regimen change, types of treatment and regimen change among patients on ART who are enrolled in pharmacoepidemiological survey at Tshepang wellness clinic. Design and Methods: Study is a retrospective cohort study, and sample size of 301 medical records of a cohort of HIV positive patients on ARVs enrolled in a longitudinal pharmaco-epidemiological survey from November 2006-May 2007 reviewed. Data extraction tool used to collect data and software called SPSS 17.0 used to analyze data and relevant themes were extracted to determine distribution of variables. Results: Results of this study indicated that 91 (85%) were males and (87.8%) 191 were females. Age was grouped as teenagers (15-25yrs), young adults (26-49yrs) and adults (50- 70yrs). Results also shows reasons of treatment and regimen change of which majority of patients 134(44.8%) changed due toxicity followed by 16 (5.4%) who changed because of pregnancy, and the other 4(1.3%) changed because of resistance, and the last 2(0.7%) which are regarded as minorities change because of T.B. Conclusion and Recommendations: Results shows that majority of pharmacovigilance patients were initiated Regimen 1 compared to other regimens. Toxicity appear as the main reason of treatment and regimen change on this study as 140(46.4%) reported toxicities (peripheral neuropathy, lactic acidosis, lipodystrophy and lipoatrophy). Implementation of monitoring of adherence needed for prevention of resistance and virological failure.
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Magafu, Mgaywa Gilbert Mjungu Damas. "Assessment of health-related quality of life of adult highly active anti-retroviral therapy recipients at the Kagera Regional Hospital Tanzania." Thesis, University of Western Cape, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3743.

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Magister Public Health - MPH
HRQOL of HAART recipients at the Kagera region hospital was generally lower than that of the general population. However, their general health perceptions and mental health status were comparable to those of the general population, suggesting effectiveness of HAART in improving some subjective experiences of HIV morbidity. Chronic diseases were the main factor negatively affecting HRQOL of recipients.
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Oluoch, Okumu Fredrick. "Synthesis and characterization of bimetallic silver and platinum nanoparticles as electrochemical sensor for nevirapine, an anti-HIV drug." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2319.

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Thesis (DTech (Chemistry))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.
Bimetallic silver-platinum (Ag-Pt) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via simultaneous reduction of varying mole fractions of metal precursors H2PtCl6.6H2O and AgNO3 by sodium citrate. Kinetics rates of were as follows; Ag NPs (0.079 s-1), Ag-Pt NPs 1:1 (0.082 s-1) and Pt NPs (0.006 s-1). The UV visible spectrum of Ag NPs exhibited a characteristic absorption band while Pt NPs and Ag-Pt bimetallic NPs exhibited no absorption peaks. Successful formation of both monometallic and bimetallic NPs was confirmed via transmission electron microscopy (TEM); selected area electron diffraction (SAED) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. TEM images depicted core-shell arrangement in the bimetallic (BM) NP ratios (1:1, 1:3 and 3:1) with an average particle size of 21 nm. The particle size trend where monometallic Ag NPs (60 nm) > Pt NPs (2.5 nm) while in the BM ratios Ag-Pt NPs 1:1 (25 nm) > Ag-Pt NPs 1:3 (20.7 nm). X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns depicted crystallinity in all the synthesized NPs with confirmation of the face centred cubic structure formation. Transducers were fabricated by drop casting the nanoparticless on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) and their electrochemical properties studied via cyclic voltammetry (CV). High diffusion coefficient (D) and surface coverage reported were Ag NPs (6.70 cm2 s-1, 54.49 mol cm-2 ) and Ag-Pt NPs 1:1 (0.62 cm2 s-11.85 mol cm-2). Electrochemical band gaps ranged from 1.45 to 1.70 eV while the Tauc’s model band gaps of nanoparticles were found in the range of 2.48 to 3.84 eV. These band gaps were found to be inversely proportional to particle size, which was attributed to the quantum confinement effect. Both optical and electrochemical band gap portrayed similar trend as well as an increase in the BM NP relative to monometallics. These nanoparticles band gaps are within semiconductor range for most materials. The electrochemical behaviour and surface characteristics were studied using 0.1 M PBS solution by scan rates variations for the diffusion coefficient determination of modified electrodes which ranged from 0.62 to 6.10 x 10-5 cm2 s-1. Laviron’s approach for parameters such as apparent charge transfer rate constant, ks, and charge transfer coefficient, α, for electron transfer between NPs and GCE were investigated using CV. The values of electron-transfer coefficients ranged from 0.1 to 0.7 while the charge transfer rate constant values ranged from 0.74 to 31.13 s-1.
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Cantrell, Ronald Alexander. "Diagnosing antiretroviral treatment failure in resource-limited settings." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2008p/cantrell.pdf.

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Tshikalange, Thilivhali Emmanuel. "n vitro anti-HIV-1 properties of ethnobotanically selected South African plants used in the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07032008-121613/.

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Odumosu, Olusegun Murtala. "Adherence to anti-retroviral treatment amongst HIV positive gay men and other men who have sex with men in Tshwane." University of Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7658.

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Master of Public Health - MPH
Gay men and other men who have sex with men (MSM) and a subset within this group who are people who inject drugs (PWID) face difficulties when trying to access humanimmune deficiency virus (HIV)/ anti-retroviral treatment (ART) services and adhere to ART, due to the intersecting forms of oppression they face. Current interventions to address adherence to ART are mostly bio-medical in nature, and support the presumption that individual-level factors are the most pertinent barriers to adherence to ART. This mini-thesis presents findings from a qualitative study that explored individual, health systems and structural factors that shape experiences of adherence to ART amongst gay men and other MSM and a subset within this group who are PWID
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Books on the topic "Anti-HIV treatment"

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Irwin, Matthew. Can AZT & other anti-HIV drugs cause AIDS?: Are the toxic effects of anti-viral drugs being blamed on HIV? Toronto: HEAL, 1999.

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Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. International Development Committee. Delivering the goods: HIV/AIDS and the provision of anti-retrovirals : first report of Session 2005-06. London: Stationery Office, 2005.

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1951-, Rehle Thomas, Human Sciences Research Council, South African Medical Research Council., and Education Labour Relations Council (South Africa), eds. HIV-positive educators in South African public schools: Predictions for prophylaxis and antiretroviral therapy. Cape Town: HSRC Press, 2005.

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Powderly, William G. Manual of HIV therapeutics. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001.

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Chomba, Chrispin. Antiretroviral therapy community preparedness: Best practices in three selected countries in Southern Africa. Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe: SAFAIDS, 2008.

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HIV/Aids And the Provision of the Anti-retroviral Government Response to the Committee's First Report of Session 2005-06 First Special Report of Session 2005-06: House of Commons Papers 922 2005-06. Stationery Office, 2006.

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HIV/AIDS Care and Treatment: Guide for Implementation. World Health Organization, 2005.

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1939-, Sande Merle A., and Root Richard K, eds. Treatment of serious infections in the 1990s. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1992.

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Powderly, William G. Manual of HIV Therapeutics. 2nd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2000.

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Cured: How the Berlin patients defeated HIV and forever changed medical science. Dutton, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Anti-HIV treatment"

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Haire, Bridget. "Providing Universal Access While Avoiding Antiretroviral Resistance: Ethical Tensions in HIV Treatment." In Ethics and Drug Resistance: Collective Responsibility for Global Public Health, 37–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27874-8_3.

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Abstract The provision of effective antiretroviral therapy is an ethical imperative, and global access to antiretroviral drugs is an important aspect of this. The other less recognised aspect of effective HIV management is in ensuring that HIV does not become resistant to the drugs used in treatment (and increasingly also in prevention), as multi-drug resistant HIV poses a major threat to the sustainability of current responses to HIV control. In resource-constrained environments, the rapid scale up of access to life-saving anti-HIV treatment was achieved using a public health approach that standardised antiretroviral regimens, minimised laboratory monitoring, and devolved responsibilities from clinicians where necessary. In recent years demand for antiretroviral treatment has increased due to new understandings of the clinical importance of early treatment, but global investment has declined. Exponential growth of the population using antiretrovirals without careful monitoring increases the risk of significant antiretroviral drug resistance. In this chapter, I consider the example of single-drug interventions to prevent parent-to-child HIV transmission, and how the implementation of that strategy increased health risks for mothers. I argue that while global antiretroviral scale up must continue, laboratory monitoring at individual and national levels needs to improve to maintain treatment effectiveness, and protocols for moving people from failing regimens need to be strengthened.
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Wernet, P., E. M. Schneider, P. Sarin, and H. H. Brackmann. "Detection of Cytoplasmic HIV-Encoded Antigens by Flow Cytometry and Monoclonal Anti-HIV-Specific Antibodies Demonstrated in Cultured T-Cells from Certain Hemophilia Patients in Spite of Their Treatment Exclusively with Dry Heat Inactivated Factor VIII Concentrates." In 16. Hämophilie-Symposion, 143–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71682-9_34.

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"New Developments for Anti-HIV Treatment." In Frontiers in Clinical Drug Research: HIV, edited by Liã Arruda and Jorge Casseb, 58–66. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9781608058969114010004.

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"STOCHASTIC MODELS OF HIV PATHOGENESIS UNDER TREATMENT BY ANTI-VIRAL DRUGS." In Stochastic Modeling of AIDS Epidemiology and HIV Pathogenesis, 345–83. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812813268_0008.

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Solanki, Pavitra, Yasmin Sultana, and Satyavir Singh. "Traditional Medicine." In Advances in Medical Diagnosis, Treatment, and Care, 118–29. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0307-2.ch006.

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Everybody is at risk of being infected by drug-resistant microscopic organisms. Managing with sickness has never been less demanding within the history of our species. At the current rate of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in microbes, specialists foresee that battling infections tuberculosis, HIV, and intestinal sickness will become more complicated. Antimicrobial resistance is rendering numerous life-saving drugs useless. Antibiotic-resistant microbes, known as “superbugs,” are getting to be more various and more harmful, thanks to the proceeding abuse of anti-microbials. Natural medication offers an alternative to these progressively ineffectual drugs. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), traditional medicine is a holistic term enclosing diverse health practices. Concurring to a report by the College of Maryland Therapeutic Center, turmeric's volatile oil serves as a common anti-microbial.
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"SOME STOCHASTIC MODELS OF HIV PATHOGENESIS IN HIV-INFECTED INDIVIDUALS IN THE ABSENCE OF ANTI-VIRAL TREATMENT." In Stochastic Modeling of AIDS Epidemiology and HIV Pathogenesis, 293–343. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812813268_0007.

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Khan, Palwasha, and Sarah Parry. "Epidemiology and Natural History of HIV." In Tutorial Topics in Infection for the Combined Infection Training Programme. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801740.003.0066.

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The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a member of the genus Lentivirus, a subgroup of retrovirus (Retroviridae), that causes HIV infection, which, if untreated, results in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and death. It was first described in 1981 during an epidemic of a previously unknown immunodeficiency syndrome in the US. The term HIV was accepted in 1986. HIV is thought to originate from simian immune deficiency virus (SIV). HIV-1 was discovered first, with the epidemic of AIDS in the US in 1981. In 1986, a related virus subsequently known as HIV-2, was identified in West Africa. The viruses differ in several aspects; HIV-1 is found worldwide, whereas HIV-2 is predominantly found in West Africa. HIV-1 is a more virulent and rapidly progressive virus; HIV-2 tends to be present in lower viral quantities and progresses more slowly. The number of people living with HIV (PLWH) rose from an estimated 9.0 million in 1990 to 36.9 million in 2014, due in part to a substantial improvement in survival rates as a result of effective anti-retroviral treatment. By 2014, annual new HIV infections had dropped to 2.0 million, down from 3.1 million in 2000, representing a decline of about 35%, although there remain an estimated 5600 people newly infected with HIV every day. It is estimated that without the global response that was mounted in 2000, notably the ‘Combatting of HIV/AIDS’ (the 6th Millennium Development Goal, which focused on halting and reversing trends for HIV by the end of 2015) there would have been six million new infections in 2013 alone. The main driver of progress has been widespread roll-out of antiretroviral treatment (ART) and behavioural change interventions, resulting in increased condom use, fewer multiple sexual partnerships, and delayed sexual debut. HIV-related deaths peaked in 2004–2005, and deaths fell by 24% between 2000 and 2014 from 1.2 million (0.98–1.6 million) in 2014 compared to 1.6 million (1.3–2.1 million) in 2000. The drop in AIDS-related mortality has been even steeper among children aged under fifteen years of age due to the enormous progress made with prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT).
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Koyuncu Irmak, Duygu, and Erdal Karaoz. "Cellular Therapy as Promising Choice of Treatment for COVID-19." In Biotechnology to Combat COVID-19 [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96900.

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In the pandemic of COVID-19, while living normals have been changing, there have been a huge effort globally to find out effective and safe treatment agents and vaccines. As of now, the advances show the progress in vaccine development, however the treatment of the COVID-19 is yet not fully specified. The drugs, i.e. antibiotics, antivirals, antimalarians, even anti-HIV agents which have been known already were taken out of the shelves and brought into use in different combinations. On the other hand, the cellular treatment, more specifically the mesenchymal stem cell therapy has been encouraged, resulting in various evidence published all over the world. This chapter aims to compile the published information, in means of methods, disease manifestations, results and limitations, about the stem cell treatment of the COVID-19 and to provide a source of harmonized reference for scientific society.
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Dumea, Elena, and Simona Claudia Cambrea. "The Influence of Protease Inhibitors on the Evolution of Hepatitis C in Patients with HIV and HCV Co-Infection." In Advances in Hepatology. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96282.

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Prevalence of hepatitis C in HIV infected patients is much higher than in the general population. There is the possibility of viral clearance HCV, in some patients co-infected HIV and HCV, in the phase of immune reconstruction after antiretroviral treatment (ART). There are patients’ anti-HCV positive who initially did not show HCV viral load detected and after the start of ART becomes HCV viral load detectable. There are studies that described that immune restoration with increase in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, from ART, was important in control of HCV viremia. Has been proposed hypothesis that direct or indirect effect of ART on HCV replication play a role in spontaneous resolution of HCV infection. We evaluated the co-infected patients with HIV and HCV under combined antiretroviral treatment, containing PI boosted with ritonavir in terms of immunological and virological status (for both infection) and also liver disease. Patients were evaluated for liver damage by non-invasive methods. We have shown that a small percentage of patients have severe liver damage. We demonstrated the negative role of HCV on immunological status and in liver fibrosis in co-infected patients. A high proportion of these HIV and HCV co-infected patients had no detectable viremia, higher than other studies published.
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Noakes, Stephen. "Reading the ‘lay of the land’: intercessory advocacy and causal process in the HIV/AIDS treatment and death penalty abolitionist campaigns." In The Advocacy Trap. Manchester University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781526119476.003.0004.

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The cases presented in this chapter—those to improve care for the HIV positive and to abolish capital punishment—jointly call attention to the need to pay close attention to sequence and causal force in TAN campaigns. The HIV/AIDS campaign is an example of ‘intercessory advocacy,’ in which a campaign seized upon an opportunity to play a role in a state-led effort to improve treatment programs. By packaging its message in a manner palatable to the state, it was able to play a role in crafting China’s emergent anti-HV strategy. The campaign to abolish capital punishment, on the other hand, exercised very little effect on China’s much publicized effort to reduce reliance of on the death penalty. Rather, the scaling back of the death penalty is driven mostly by domestic political considerations, namely a desire to retain the practice of capital punishment for purposes of crime control while simultaneously strengthening the rule of law by introducing greater accountability into the death penalty process through the highly publicized policy of ‘kill fewer, kill carefully.’
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Conference papers on the topic "Anti-HIV treatment"

1

Schimpf, Kl, H. H. Brackmann, D. Bock, G. Landbeck, E. Lechler, and H. Vinazzer. "NO ANTI-HIV SEROCONVERSION AFTER REPLACEMENT THERAPY WITH STEAM-TREATED FACTOR VIII CONCENTRATE. A STUDY OF 60 PATIENTS WITH HEMOPHILIA A AND VON WILLEBRAND'S DISEASE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644054.

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Transmission of hepatitis viruses and HIV has proven to be a risk of replacement therapy. Since Dec. 1983 factor VIII concentrates in which viruses are inactivated by steam-treatment (Factor VIII TIM 3 or S-TIM 3) are available for therapy. As they are manufactured by 80% from US plasma it was necessary to prove that they do not transmit HIV. For ethical reasons it is not possible to treat control groups of patients with non-virus- inactivated concentrate. Non-transmission of HIV can, therefore, only be proven if anti-HIV seroconversion does not occur in larger groups of patients treated with this type of product. We collected data from 60 patients, who were “virgin” (24) or, if pre-treated, anti-HIV seronegative. Therapy with Factor VIII TIM 3 or S-TIM 3 was started between Sept. 1984 and April 1986. The median length of observation till the last anti-HIV testing was 12 (6 - 24) months. The median total dosage of Factor VIII was 56,500 (500 - 427,500) IU, the median patient age was 20 (1 - 61) years. In none of the patients anti-HIV seroconversion (ELISA test) was observed. According to the rule ofthree the upper 95% confidence limit for random sample of 60 cases with zero events would be 3/60 or 5%.
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Schimpf, K. l., B. Kraus, W. Kreuz, H. H. Brackmann, F. Haschke, and W. Schramm. "NO ANTI-HIV SEROCONVERSION AFTER REPLACEMENT THERAPY WITH PASTEURIZED F VIII CONCENTRATE. A STUDY OF 151 PATIENTS WITH HEMOPHILIA A OR VON WILLEBRAND'S DISEASE." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643973.

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Transmission of hepatitis viruses and HIV has proven to be a risk of replacement therapy in hemophilia. As regards F VIII products a concentrate (Hemate HS or P) in which viruses are inactivated by heat-treatment over 10 hours at 60° C in aqueous solution is available since 1979. Our clinical studies have shown that this product does not transmit HBV and HNANBV. As the product was manufactured by 80% from US plasma it was necessary to prove that it also does not transmit HIV. As it is, for ethical reasons, not possible to treat a control group with non-virus-inactivated F VIII, non-transmission of HIV can only proven if anti-HIV seroconversion does not occur in larger groups of patients treated exclusively with this virus-inactivated product.We collected data from 151 patients treated with Hemate HS (P) who had never before received blood or blood products. Therapy was started between Feb. 1979 and Jan. 1986 (median July 7,1983). The median length of observation till the last anti-HIV testing was 24 (3 - 83) months. 112 patients were observed longer than 13 months. The median total dosage was 17,000 (500 -2,155,375) IU of F VIII, the median patient age was 6 (0,5 - 68) years. In none of these patients anti-HIV seroconversion (ELISA test) was observed. According to the rule of three, the upper 95% confidence limit for a random sample of 60 cases with zero events would be 3/60 or 5%. For greater numbers of n cases, as in our study, the range of confidence narrows increasingly. The period of observation of this study is hitherto the longest.
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3

Karpatkin, S. "MECHANISMS OF IMMUNOLOGIC THROMBOCYTOPENIA IN INDIVIDUALS AT RISK FOR AIDS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644759.

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HIV-seropositive homosexuals, narcotic addicts and hemophiliacs develop a new syndrome of immunologic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) which is clinically indistinguishable from classic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura (ATP) with respect to increased megakaryocytes in the bone marrow, peripheral destruction of antibody-coated platelets, negative serology for SLE, response to treatment with prednisone and/or splenectomy. However, their platelet immunologic profiles are different.Homosexuals appear to have an immune complex-mediated mechanism: markedly elevated platelet-bound IgG and C3C4 (3.8 and 4.2-fold greater than classic ATP, respectively), elevated circulating immune complexes (3-fold greater than classic ATP), anti-F(ab')2 antibodies and absence of 7S anti-platelet IgG. There is no inverse correlation between platelet count and platelet-bound IgG or platelet-elutable anti-platelet antibody as in classic ATP.Hemophiliacs appear to have an autoimmune 7S IgG-mediated mechanism similar to classic ATP: inverse relationship betweem platelet count and platelet-bound IgG, r = 0.84, p less than 0.001, 26 df, anti-platelet reactive 7S IgG which reacts by its F(ab')2 domain, (reactive at 60-130 ug/ml compared to control IgG), platelet-elutable anti-platelet antibody. However, these patients also have elevated circulating immune complexes (2.4-fold classic ATP level) and markedly elevated platelet-bound IgG and C3C4 (3.4 and 1.2-fold classic ATP level, respectively). Anti-HIV antibody correlated with circulating immune complexes, r = 0.833, p less than 0.001.Narcotic addicts appear to have a mixture of both mechanisms (immune complex as well as autoimmune 7S IgG): markedly elevated platelet-bound IgG and C3C4 (2.6 and 2.4-fold classic ATP level, respectively), elevated circulating immune complexes (7.3-fold classic ATP level), anti-F(ab')2 antibodies, absence of an inverse correlation between platelet count and platelet-bound IgG. However, these patients do have specific 7S IgG anti-platelet antibody, which reacts by its F(ab')2 domain.F(ab')2antibodies were of the IgG class and correlated with circulating immune complex level. They react with autologous, homologous patient and healthy control F(ab')2 fragments. Some anti-F(ab')2 antibodies have broad reactivity, others are more limited. Some immune complexes were shown to contain HIV antibody. It is postulated that the immune complex platelet deposition noted with homosexual and narcotic addict thrombocytopenia may in part be due to HIV antibody complexes, some of which may exist as anti-antibody complexes.
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Parapia, L., A. Minford, and J. B. Hamilton. "MONOCLONAL PURIFIED FACTOR VIII:C (MONOCLATE) TREATMENT IN A PREVIOUSLY UNTREATED HAEMOPHILIA." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644846.

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Monoclate is a new generation of Factor VIII concentrate produced by purification using mouse monoclonal anti-Factor VIII:R antibody. As the- Factor VIII:C does not interact with the antibody it can be eluted by disrupting the Factor VIII:C - Factor VIII:R complex using a high concentration of calcium ions. The eluted Factor VIII:C is concentrated and purified. The method of manufacture has demonstrated efficacy in the elimination of infectious viral particles.The first “virgin” haemophiliac to be treated by this has completed 20 weeks follow-up. The patient, a child of 18 months with a Factor VIII:C level of 2.8%, was treated with 190 × 4 units of the Factor VIII concentrate for a severe cut of the lower lip.The HIV status has remained negative. The AST and ALT enzymes have remained within normal limits. Other parameters which have remained normal are Gamma GT, WBC and lymphocyte counts, T cell subsets and B cell ratios.The patient has remained well and no side effects have been noted. Mouse antibody titres are being carried out and the results will be presented at the conference.
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5

Yonita, Maria Regina Tri, Setyo Sri Rahardjo, and Bhisma Murti. "Effect of Social Support on the Quality of Life of People Living with HIV/AIDS: Meta Analisis." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.64.

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Background: Social support is an interpersonal relationship where the social environment provides assistance in the form of emotional attention, instrumental assistance, providing information, appreciation or assessment to individual sufferers. Lack of social support will lead to a decline in physical and mental conditions, so that it can cause a person to be lazy to carry out routine daily self-care activities, as a result people with HIV/AIDS do not adhere to treatment programs. If people with HIV/AIDS do not regularly take anti-retroviral (ARV) for a long time, it will greatly affect the quality of life of people with HIV/AIDS. This study aims to examine the effect of social support on quality of life in people with HIV/AIDS. Subject and Method: Meta analysis was conducted based on PRISMA guidelines on article with randomized controlled trial design which published in 2000-2020. The meta-analysis was carried out by systematically reviewing articles from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Springer Link. The articles used in this research are articles that have been published from 2010-2020. The keywords to find this article are as follows: “social support” AND “quality of life” OR “risk factor” AND “quality of life” OR “quality of life” AND “randomized controlled trial”. Articles are collected using the PRISMA diagram, and analyzed using the Review Manager 5.4 application. Results: There were 6 articles were reviewed in this study which met the criteria. Studies show that social support (OR = 3.14; 95% CI = 1.42 to 6.91; p <0.001) improves quality of life. Conclusion: Social support improves quality of life in people with HIV / AIDS. Keywords: social support, quality of life, people living with HIV / AIDS. Correspondence: Maria Regina Tri Yonita, Master Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: mreginatry@gmail.com
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Pasi, K. J., and F. G. H. Hill. "NO EVIDENCE OF HEPATITIS OR HIV TRANSMISSION IN VIRGIN HAEMOPHILIC BOYS TREATED WITH BRITISH HEAT TREATED FACTOR VIII CONCENTRATE (8Y)." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643972.

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HIV and hepatitis virus transmission is of major concern with factor VIII therapy. Non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANBH) has a near 100% incidence in patients previously treated with unheated large pool factor VIII concentrates. NHS heated high purity factor VIII concentrate (8Y) undergoes severe protracted heat treatment of the freeze dried concentrate theoretically sufficient to inactivate hepatitis viruses as well as HIV. Infusions of 22 different batches of 8Y have been given to 18 children with haemophilia A (10 virgin patients; 8 who had only received single donor cryoprecipitate) have been treated for up to 18 months. Regular testing for viral antibody seroconversion and biochemical liver enzymes have been made. None had had clinical or biochemical evidence of liver disease prior to the commencement of 8Y therapy. All these boys were immunized with HBVax at the time of the first treatment with 8Y and were HIV antibody negative.Liver function tests were to be performed monthly but due to patient non-compliance this was only achieved in 60% of patients.All patients receiving 8Y have remained anti-HIV seronegative. Only the virgin patients can be considered suitable for evaluation with regard to the transmission of NANBH. These boys by this time have received multiple batches of 8Y (mean 5 batches, range 1 to 14). In only 1 patient has an isolated rise in aspartate transaminase (AST) been noted (AST 27 to 131 IU/1) 6 weeks aftertreatment with a new batch, but no rise in alanine transaminase (ALT) or clinical evidence of liver disease was found. Viral serology was performed. AST returned to normal within 12 days.This batch was received by 3 of the virgin and 2 of the previously cryoprecipitate treated boys. All these 5 boys who were exposed to the suspect batch had normal liver enzyme levels when measured within 4-6 weeks of exposure.Of the 10 virgin patients receiving multiple batches of 8Y a transient rise in AST but with no rise in ALT has only been noted in 1 patient. In the absence of firm biochemical evidence of liver disease NANBH is an unlikely cause. Lack of transaminase rises in other virgin patients strengthens this assunption. We conclude that 8Y reduces the incidence of NANBH and HIV transmission.
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