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Journal articles on the topic 'Anti-emetic drugs'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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1

Damian, G. "EPR investigation of γ-irradiated anti-emetic drugs." Talanta 60, no. 5 (July 27, 2003): 923–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0039-9140(03)00153-x.

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2

Matsuki, Norio. "Development of Anti-Emetic and Anti-Motion Sickness Drugs using Suncus murinus." Japanese Journal of Pharmacology 55 (1991): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-5198(19)38153-3.

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3

Zhang, W., J. R. Zalcberg, and W. Cosolo. "Interaction of epirubicin with other cytotoxics and anti-emetic drugs." Anti-Cancer Drugs 3, no. 6 (December 1992): 593–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001813-199212000-00006.

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4

Markl, Gertraud E., Chirstine Strunz-Lehner, Veronika Egen-Lappe, and Joerg Hasford. "Prescribing patterns of anti-emetic drugs during pregnancy in Germany." Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics 275, no. 6 (November 29, 2006): 461–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00404-006-0286-0.

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5

Horn, Charles C. "Is there a need to identify new anti-emetic drugs?" Drug Discovery Today: Therapeutic Strategies 4, no. 3 (September 2007): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ddstr.2007.09.002.

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6

Perwitasari, D. A., Hans Gelderblom, Jarir Atthobari, Mustofa Mustofa, Iwan Dwiprahasto, Johan W. R. Nortier, and Henk-Jan Guchelaar. "Anti-emetic drugs in oncology: pharmacology and individualization by pharmacogenetics." International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy 33, no. 1 (January 28, 2011): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-010-9454-1.

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7

Zhang, Fang. "Value of mink vomit model in study of anti-emetic drugs." World Journal of Gastroenterology 12, no. 8 (2006): 1300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v12.i8.1300.

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8

Ritchie, Helen E., Isabelle Broström Huss, and William S. Webster. "The effect of anti-emetic drugs on rat embryonic heart activity." Reproductive Toxicology 87 (August 2019): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2019.06.002.

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9

Wilkinson, David J. "Day-case surgery, anti-emetic drugs and the history of anaesthesia." Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology 4, no. 6 (December 1991): 799–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001503-199112000-00007.

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10

King, A. G. "Complete rescue from established emesis by the NK-1 receptor antagonist, casopitant mesylate, in cisplatin-induced delayed emesis in the ferret." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 18601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.18601.

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18601 Background: Postoperative and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (PONV, CINV) can be major complications in patients undergoing surgery or cancer treatment with emetogenic drugs. Nausea and vomiting may extend beyond the postoperative recovery period or in a delayed manner following chemotherapy. Prophylaxis with 5-HT3 receptor antagonists may fail in some patients, requiring the use of rescue medications. Selective NK-1 receptor antagonists provide incremental improvement in efficacy when used in combination with 5-HT3 antagonists and dexamethasone, both in preclinical animal models and in the clinical setting. Methods: The anti-emetic and anti-nausea properties of a potent and selective NK-1 receptor antagonist, casopitant mesylate ( GW679769 ), were evaluated in the ferret using single-dose rescue treatment in a cisplatin-based delayed emesis model. In the delayed model (72 hr), a single dose of saline, ondansetron, or casopitant mesylate was administered ip at 44.8 hrs post cisplatin (5 mg/kg, ip). This time corresponds to peak emetic frequency in this model. Results: Ondansetron (1 mg/kg) significantly delayed further emetic events for ∼8 hours post injection. Emetic frequency after this latency period then paralleled the saline treated group. In contrast, casopitant mesylate resulted in an immediate dose-dependent rescue from further emetic events, with minor effects on latency. Complete rescue from further emetic events were achieved at casopitant mesylate doses ≥0.5 mg/kg. Casopitant mesylate rescue treatment also reduced nausea-like behaviors in a dose-dependent manner; however, higher doses were required to achieve statistical significance. Conclusions: Single-dose ondansetron rescue treatment failed to reduce nausea-like behaviors. These unique results, along with previously described anti-emetic prophylactic activity, support the ongoing clinical evaluation of casopitant mesylate, which is currently in phase III trials for the prevention of PONV and CINV from moderately and highly emetogenic chemotherapy. It is also in clinical development for depression and anxiety. [Table: see text]
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11

Watcha, Mehernoor F. "Pharmaco-economics of anaesthetic drugs in day-case surgery — a cost-effectiveness model for anti-emetic drugs." Current Anaesthesia & Critical Care 5, no. 4 (November 1994): 231–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0953-7112(05)80164-4.

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12

Ruhela, Suman, Indira Sahu, Manish Ruhela, and Rakesh Kumar Ola. "Domperidone induced galactorrhea: rare presentation of a common drug." International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 9, no. 11 (October 21, 2020): 1735. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20204503.

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Domperidone is one of the cheapest and also effective anti-emetic drugs which is very commonly used as an over-the-counter drug. Galactorrhoea is a rare side effect of domperidone. We report a case of a female patient who was prescribed domperidone for migraine headache with vomiting. While taking the drug, she developed galactorrhoea, and after discontinuing domperidone therapy, her galactorrhoea subsided.
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13

Rastogi, Sameer, Aditi Aggarwal, and Vinod Sharma. "Adding olanzapine to three drugs anti emetic regimen: Is it time to jump the gun?" Indian Journal of Medical and Paediatric Oncology 39, no. 2 (2018): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ijmpo.ijmpo_92_17.

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14

AMIN, Alaa S., and Gamal H. RAGAB. "Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Anti-Emetic Drugs in Bulk and in Pharmaceutical Preparations." Analytical Sciences 19, no. 5 (2003): 747–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2116/analsci.19.747.

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15

Chan, Shun-Wan, John A. Rudd, Ge Lin, and Ping Li. "Action of anti-tussive drugs on the emetic reflex of Suncus murinus (house musk shrew)." European Journal of Pharmacology 559, no. 2-3 (March 2007): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.12.008.

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16

Zaman, Muhammad, Rabia Hassan, Sobia Razzaq, Asif Mahmood, Muhammad Wahab Amjad, Maria Abdul Ghafoor Raja, Asif Ali Qaisar, Abdul Majeed, Muhammad Hanif, and Rana Azam Tahir. "Fabrication of polyvinyl alcohol based fast dissolving oral strips of sumatriptan succinate and metoclopramide HCL." Science Progress 103, no. 4 (October 2020): 003685042096430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0036850420964302.

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Migraine is a throbbing condition, usually associated with nausea and vomiting and requires concurrent administration of anti-migraine along with anti-emetic therapy. The current study was undertaken with an aim to fabricate fast dissolving oral strips (FDOSs) containing Sumatriptan succinate (anti-migraine) and Metoclopramide HCl (anti-emetic) in combination without involving any superdisintegrant. Hydrophilic polymer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used alone with three concentrations of 100, 125, and 150 mg using variable concentrations of glycerol. The solvent casting technique was employed to formulate FDOSs and were evaluated for surface morphology, mechanical properties, surface pH, % moisture content, disintegration time (DT), total dissolving time (TDT), drug contents, and dissolution profile. PVA (150 mg) with 5% glycerol concentration gave best formulation results. FDOSs have exhibited good tensile strength with smooth and uniform surface morphology. DT was ranged from 7.7 to 28 s; while TDT was from 26.4 to 77.6 s. Both polymer and plasticizer concentrations were found to be influencing the characteristics of the strips. Dissolution studies were carried out in distilled water for 15 min and all the formulations have shown released more than 50% drug within first 2 min thereby highlighting the usefulness of FDOSs for the delivery of both drugs in combination significantly. Optimized combination of ingredients was found to be suitable for the formulation of FDOSs for simultaneous delivery of Metoclopramide HCl and Sumatriptan succinate.
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17

Sagar, Stephen M. "The current role of anti-emetic drugs in oncology: a recent revolution in patient symptom control." Cancer Treatment Reviews 18, no. 2 (June 1991): 95–135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-7372(91)90009-o.

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18

Cheng, Frankie H. M., Paul L. R. Andrews, Benoit Moreaux, Man-P. Ngan, John A. Rudd, Tasia S. W. Sam, Man-K. Wai, and Christina Wan. "Evaluation of the anti-emetic potential of anti-migraine drugs to prevent resiniferatoxin-induced emesis in Suncus murinus (house musk shrew)." European Journal of Pharmacology 508, no. 1-3 (January 2005): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2004.12.022.

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19

COSTALL, B., A. DOMENEY, R. NAYLOR, and F. TATTERSALL. "Emesis induced by cisplatin in the ferret as a model for the detection of anti-emetic drugs." Neuropharmacology 26, no. 9 (September 1987): 1321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0028-3908(87)90094-3.

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20

Kan, Kelvin K. W., John A. Rudd, and Man K. Wai. "Differential action of anti-emetic drugs on defecation and emesis induced by prostaglandin E2 in the ferret." European Journal of Pharmacology 544, no. 1-3 (August 2006): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.06.034.

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21

Collier, H., C. Darwen, and A. F. Smith. "Anti‐emetic drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting: new evidence from a Cochrane network meta‐analysis." Anaesthesia 76, no. 7 (February 4, 2021): 883–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/anae.15398.

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22

Childs, Daniel, and Aminah Jatoi. "Adherence to anti-emetic guidelines with a newly approved chemotherapy agent, trifluridine/tipiracil (TAS-102): A single-institution study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 26_suppl (October 9, 2016): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.26_suppl.221.

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221 Background: To our knowledge, no study has examined adherence to antiemetic guidelines with soon-to-be-approved or newly approved chemotherapy agents. In 2015, the Food and Drug Administration approved 18 cancer drugs, underscoring the timeliness of this topic. Here, we hypothesize that patients prescribed new drugs are at risk for poor guideline adherence, and we report on antiemetic prescribing practices and outcomes with TAS-102, a recently approved drug for metastatic colorectal cancer. Methods: This study focused on all patients prescribed TAS-102 in 2015 at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, MN for compassionate use or routine care within 3 months of FDA approval. First-cycle antiemetic prophylaxis was examined for adherence to National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines, version 1.2015, for chemotherapy of low emetogenic potential based on TAS-102 phase 3 data. Results: Among 44 patients, 28 (64%) had nausea and vomiting with prior chemotherapy. With the first cycle of TAS-102, 25 (57%) were prescribed antiemetics in a guideline-adherent manner; 15 (34%) in a non-guideline-adherent/more aggressive manner; and 4 (9%) in a non-guideline-adherent/less aggressive manner. In guideline-adherent patients, rates of nausea and vomiting were 52% and 24%, respectively, with one patient requiring an unscheduled clinic visit and another an emergency department visit and hospital admission - all for nausea and vomiting. In non-guideline-adherent/more aggressive patients (who received more prophylaxis than called for), these rates were 33% and 27%, respectively, with one patient requiring a clinic visit and emergency department visit and another an emergency department visit. In non-guideline-adherent/less aggressive patients, no nausea or vomiting was reported. Conclusions: Poor adherence to antiemetic guidelines occurred often. However, because adherence was not associated with better control of nausea and vomiting, clinical judgment should complement guidelines in patients about to receive new cancer drugs, particularly with drugs of low emetogenic potential and also in patients with a history of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
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23

Deauna-Limayo, Delva, Omar Aljitawi, Siddhartha Ganguly, Sunil Abhyankar, Jo Wick, and Joseph McGuirk. "Combined Use of Multi-Day Doses of Palonosetron and Aprepitant with Low Dose Dexamethasone In Prevention of Nausea and Emesis Among Patients with Multiple Myeloma and Lymphoma Undergoing Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (ASCT): A Pilot Study." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 1335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.1335.1335.

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Abstract Abstract 1335 High dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is a standard of care therapy patients with multiple myeloma and relapsed/refractory lymphomas. Unfortunately, high dose chemotherapy used in the preparative regimen is considered highly emetogenic. In one study, only 20% of patients undergoing ASCT managed to remain emesis-free. The 5-HT3 receptor antagonist is considered the backbone of anti-emetic regimens in this setting. Despite the combined use of these agents with dexamethasone, only 47% of recipients would achieve emetic control. Palonosetron, a second generation 5-HT3 antagonist, is approved as a single 0.25 mg IV dose in prevention of acute emesis in highly emetogenic chemotherapy regimens. Aprepitant represents a new class of oral anti-emetic which targets the NK-1 receptor. It is effective for both acute and delayed onset emesis. Objectives and Methods: Patients undergoing ASCT for multiple myeloma (MM) and relapsed lymphoma at the University of Kansas Medical Center were offered this study. The primary objective was to assess emetic responses to prophylactic multi-day doses of palonosetron, aprepitant and low dose dexamethasone. Emetic responses were assessed by daily patient diaries and the Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer Antiemetic Tool (MAT). Nausea was measured using a Nausea Visual Score (NVS) of 0 to 10 with score of 0 having no nausea. A “modified” Osoba module was used to assess quality of life (QOL); and non-hematologic toxicities were evaluated. Preparative regimens were MEL140-200 for MM and BEAM or BEAC +/− rituximab for lymphomas. Standard doses aprepitant 125/80/80 mg were administered on days - 3, - 2, - 1 for MM group, and days - 7, - 6, - 5 for lymphoma group. Low dose dexamethasone 4 mg IV and multi-day doses of palonosetron 0.25 mg IV were administered on days - 3, - 2, -1, and on days - 7 thru - 3 for the MM and lymphoma groups, respectively. In both groups, palonosetron was repeated on day + 3. Acute chemotherapy-induced nausea/vomiting (CINV) was defined as nausea and/or vomiting within 24 hours of chemotherapy. Delayed CINV was defined as nausea and/or vomiting after 24 and up to 72 hours after chemotherapy; and extended CINV as nausea and/or vomiting after 72 hours of chemotherapy. Emetic responses were defined as follows: Complete Control (CC) – no emetic episode in 24 hours, no rescue medications and NVS of ≤ 2.5; Complete Emetic Response (CR) – 0 emetic episode, no rescue; Major Emetic Response (MR) – 1–2 episodes; Minor Emetic Response (MR) – 3–5 episodes; Failure - >5 episodes. Results: Between October 2007 and January 2010, 20 patients were enrolled, of which 18 were considered evaluable, 9 MM and 9 lymphoma – both Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. There were 11 males and 9 females. Median age was 55 (range: 35–66). All patients achieved at least a major emetic response in the acute, delayed and extended phases. Acute CINV responses were achieved in all patients: CC 2/9 (22%) and MR 7/9 (78%) in MM patients and CC 2/9 (22%), CR 2 (22%) and MR 5/9 (56%) in lymphoma patients. Delayed CINV responses were achieved in all patients: CC 2/9 (22%), CR 1 (11%) and MR 6/9 (67%) in MM patients and CC 4/9 (44%), CR 1 (11%) and MR 4/9 (44%) in lymphoma patients. Finally, all patients achieved extended CINV responses: CC 1/9 (11%) and MR 8/9 (89%) in MM patients and CC 2/9 (22%) and MR 7/9 (78%) in lymphoma patients. Eight patients developed grade 2–3 non-hematologic toxicities (arrhythmia, infection, febrile neutropenia, gastric mucositis, abdominal pain, and hyponatremia) attributed to the preparative transplant regimen. Only the arrhythmia was felt to be possibly related to the study drugs. Data on QOL will be presented during the conference. Conclusion: The combination of multi-day palonosetron combined with aprepitant and low dose dexamethasone appear to be well tolerated and effective in achieving at least a major emetic response in 100% of patients with MM and lymphoma undergoing high-dose therapy and ASCT. These encouraging results should warrant further evaluation in a larger population of ASCT patients. Disclosures: Deauna-Limayo: Eiasi: Research Funding. Aljitawi:Eisai: Research Funding.
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Piltcher, Otávio, Michelle Lavinsky, Joel Lavinsky, and Paulo Roberto de Oliveira Basso. "Effectiveness of hypopharyngeal packing during nasal and sinus surgery in the prevention of PONV." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 137, no. 4 (October 2007): 552–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2007.04.004.

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Objective Evaluate the hypopharyngeal packing effectiveness on prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in nasal surgery. Study Design and Setting A randomized clinical trial was conducted from July 2004 to October 2005. The intervention group was submitted to hypopharyngeal packing after orotracheal tube placement. The control group had no hypopharyngeal packing. Occurrence of nausea, vomiting, use of antiemetic drugs, and throat pain were checked blindly on recovery period. Results One hundred forty-four patients were included in the study. There was no difference related to postoperative nausea (RR 1.34; CI 0.72–2.48), vomiting (RR 0.52; CI 0.19–1.47), use of anti-emetic drugs (RR 1.54; CI 0.80–2.95), and throat pain (RR 0.91; 0.62–1.34) between both groups. A beta error could not be excluded. CONCLUSION: Results suggest there is no benefit in hypopharyngeal packing on PONV prevention in nasal surgery. New studies with a greater number of patients should be carried out in order to confirm these results.
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El Batawi, Hisham Y., and Ahmed A. Shorrab. "Intra Operative Use of Anti Emetic Drugs for Children Undergoing Full Dental Rehabilitation under General Anesthesia. A Double Blind Randomized Clinical Trial." Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry 40, no. 3 (June 1, 2016): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17796/1053-4628-40.3.235.

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Background: Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) is a common complication following dental treatment under general anesthesia (DGA) that may lead to unplanned hospitalization, increased costs and dissatisfaction of parents. Aim: To investigate the incidence of Postoperative Vomiting (POV) on children who underwent dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia and to compare possible preventive effect of Dexamethasone and Ondansetron on occurrences of POV. Study design: A double blind randomized parallel clinical trial was carried out on 352 ASA I children who underwent DGA in a private Saudi hospital in Jeddah. Children were allocated randomly to four groups. Group D of 91 children, received Dexamethasone PONV prophylaxis, group O of 87 children received Ondansetron, group DO of 93 children received combination of the two drugs and group C the control group of 81 children. The three groups were investigated by blinded dental staff for POV episodes, number of times analgesia was needed and post anesthesia care unit time (PACUT). Results: There was a no significant difference between the two drugs on POV. There was a significant difference in POV between control group and groups D, O, and DO. There was significant reduction in need for analgesia in the Dexamethasone groups. The three groups, which had PONV prophylaxis, showed significant reduction in PACUT compared to control group. Conclusions: Antiemetic drugs are useful adjuncts in DGA. Some dental procedures may have higher emetic potential than others. The type of dental procedures done is to be considered when deciding the drug profile in children undergoing DGA.
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Punitha S, Vedha pal jeyamani, Sindhu S, Bhuvaneshwari P, and Arshath A. "Papillary thyroid cancer patient with hyperthyroidism - a case study." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 4 (October 16, 2019): 3178–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v10i4.1617.

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Thyroid carcinoma is the majority widespread endocraine malignancy in that papillary thyroid cancer is a well-differentiated type. Since hyperthyroidism protects from thyroid cancer due to lack of reproduction of thyroid tissue by the thyroid-stimulating hormone. The papillary carcinoma is the fast-growing and metastases to local region rapidly. A 60 years old post menopausal women with a known case of hypertension of past 6 years on treatment and with hyperthyroidism of past 2 months was presented in the outpatient department in the hospital with chief complaints of mass in the neck with dyphagia, cough, breathlessness, sense of fullness and odynophagia of past 2 weeks. On physical and general examination patient found with diffuse thyroid swelling with enlarged right sided lymph node. The patient was diagnosed with papillary thyroid caricinoma with various investigation reports includes CT Scan, Immouno history chemistry reports, Histopathology and Two fine-needle aspiration biopsies. The patient has undergone 6 cycles of chemotherapy with the corticosteroids, anti-cancer drugs which includes Vincristine, Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, anti- emetic drugs and also with H2 receptor blockers. The papillary thyroid cancer is common and occurs predominantly in females than in males and with good prognosis and decreased death rates. The higher level of thyroid function is very rare in case of PTC.
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Makker, Robina, Amit Bhardwaj, Arwinder Pal Singh, and Asha Anand. "Comparative Efficacy of Ondansetron Versus Granisetron to Prevent Perioperative Nausea and Vomiting in Patients undergoing Gynaecological Surgery under Spinal Anaesthesia." International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 1371. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/ijmds/2017/18792.

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<p><strong>Background</strong>: Posotoprative nausea and vomiting remains a persistent and distressing problem inspite of many advances on perioperative care and anti-emetic drugs. A newer antiemetic drug Granisetron has not been studied in patients undergoing gynaecological surgery under spinal anaesthesia.</p><p><strong>Objective</strong>: A randomized double blind study was conducted to compare Ondansetron and Granisetron for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing gynaecological surgery under spinal anaesthesia.</p><p><strong>Material and methods</strong>: 60 consecutive patients, age between 20-65 years, ASA grade I and II undergoing gynaeacologicla surgery under spinal anaesthesia were randomized into two goups of 30 each. One group received intravenous Ondansetron 4.0 mg and the second received intravenous Granisetron 2.0 mg 5 minutes before induction of anaesthesia. For the first 24 hours postoperatively all episodes of nausea and vomiting were recorded. A complete response to the drug was considered if there was no nausea or vomiting and no need for rescue anti-emetic. The observations were tabulated and analysed.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: During early postoperative period (0-3 hrs) there was statistically no significant difference in the study groups. Statistically significant difference was found in the study groups in the late postoperative period (3-24 hrs).</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: In the early postoperative period both Ondansetron and Granisetron are equally effective in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing gynaecological surgery under spinal anaesthesia. Granisetron is better than Ondansetron in the late postoperative period of upto 24 hrs.</p>
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Jabbar, Asriullah, Nurjannah Nurjannah, and Mus Ifayah. "STUDI PELAKASANAAN PELAYANAN SWAMEDIKASI BEBERAPA APOTEK KOTA KENDARI." WARTA FARMASI 6, no. 1 (April 29, 2017): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.46356/wfarmasi.v6i1.69.

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Swamedikasi adalah suatu upaya masyarakat untuk mengobati diri sendiri. Berdasarkan data Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) menunjukkan bahwa lebih dari 66% masyarakat melakukan pengobatan sendiri (Swamedikasi). Keterbatasan pengetahuan tentang obat dapat menyebabkan rentannya masyarakat terhadap informasi komersial obat, sehingga memungkinkan terjadinya pengobatan yang tidak rasional jika tidak diimbangi dengan pemberian informasi yang benar. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan Pelayanan swamedikasi di Apotik Kota Kendari. Penelitian menggunakan desain Purposive sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Penelitian bertempat di 30 Apotek Kota Kendari. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan pelayanan Swamedikasi beberapa Apotek Kota Kendari dari 3 kategori adalah 63,34%. Persentase Jenis Obat dalam Pelayanan Swamedikasi beberapa Apotik Kota Kendari adalah Golongan Obat berdasarkan Penggolongannya adalah obat bebas (31%), obat bebas terbatas (26%), obat keras (18%), obat herbal (18%), lain-lain (7%). Penggolongan obat berdasarkan penyakit adalah Espektoran/Antitusif (17,5%), Analgetik/Antipiretik (18,7%), Anti Emetik (7,5%), Anti Inflamasi (14,7%), Gastritis (14%), Anti Histamin (12,3%), Anti Diare (12,3%), dan Lain-lain (3%). Persentase Jenis Edukasi dalam pelayanan Swamedikasi beberapa Apotik Kota Kendari yaitu dosis obat/Interval obat (19,2%), Cara penggunaan (19,4%), Indikasi (18,4%), Kontra Indikasi (11,2%), Efek samping (13%), Interaksi obat dengan obat (8,7%), interaksi obat dengan makanan (7,3%), dan Lain-lain (2,8%). Kata kunci : Swamedikasi, Apotek, Edukasi ABSTRACT Self medication is a community effort to self-medicate. Based on data from the National Socioeconomic Survey (SUSENAS) lack of knowledge about the drug may cause vulnerability of society against drug commercial information, thus enabling the treatment of irrational if not balanced with the provision of correct information. The purpose of the study is to examine the implementation of the Services Pharmacies self medication in Kendari. This study using purposive sampling design. Data were collected using a questionnaire. This study took place in 30 pharmacies Kendari city. Based on the research results obtained Percentage Pharmacy Services Self medication some of Kendari from 3 category is 63.34%. Percentage Type Drugs in Services Self medication several Pharmacies Kendari is the group Drugs based classification is a drug-free (31%), free drug is limited (26%), prescription drugs (18%), herbal remedies (18%), others (7 %). Classification of drugs by disease is Espektoran / Antitusif (17.5%), Analgesic / Antipyretic (18.7%), Anti-emetic (7.5%), Anti-Inflammatory (14.7%), gastritis (14%), Anti histamine (12.3%), Anti diarrhea (12.3%), and other (3%). Percentage of Educational type in service several Pharmacies Kendari Self medication is the dose of drug / drug Interval (19.2%), How to use (19.4%), indication (18.4%), Contraindications (11.2%), securities side (13%), drug-drug interaction (8.7%), drug interactions with food (7.3%), and other (2.8%). Keywords : Self Medication, pharmacy service, Education.
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Brooks, Gabriel A., Mary Beth Landrum, Nirav S. Kapadia, Pang-Hsiang Liu, Robert R. Wolf, Lauren E. Riedel, Van Doren Hsu, et al. "Impact of the Oncology Care Model on use of bone supportive medications, antiemetics, and growth factors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 1517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.1517.

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1517 Background: The Oncology Care Model (OCM) is a voluntary, episode-based alternative payment model for cancer care launched by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services in July 2016. OCM incentivizes participating practices to reduce spending during chemotherapy treatment while maintaining quality of care. We evaluated the impact of OCM on the use of costly supportive care medications. Methods: Using 100% Medicare claims (2013-2019), we evaluated use of outpatient supportive care medications during chemotherapy episodes assigned to OCM practices (n = 186) or propensity-matched comparison practices (n = 534). For bone supportive medications, we evaluated use of bisphosphonates and/or denosumab in beneficiaries with bone metastases from breast, lung, or prostate cancer. For anti-emetic drugs, we evaluated prophylactic use of neurokinin-1 (NK1) antagonists and long-acting (LA) serotonin antagonists. For white blood cell growth factors (GCSFs), we evaluated prophylactic use in beneficiaries starting chemotherapy for breast, lung, or colorectal cancer; we separately evaluated use of biosimilar (vs originator) filgrastim. Analyses employed the difference-in-differences (DID) approach, excepting the filgrastim biosimilar analysis where we assessed the adoption trend. Results: There was no OCM impact on receipt of any bone supportive medication (denosumab or bisphosphonate) among beneficiaries with bone metastases; however, OCM led to a relative decrease in use of denosumab for breast cancer (DID = -5.0 percentage points [90% CI -7.1, -2.8]), prostate cancer (-4.0 percentage points [90% CI -5.9, -2.2]), and lung cancer (-4.1 percentage points [90% CI -7.4, -0.9]). In beneficiaries starting chemotherapy regimens with high or moderate emetic risk, OCM led to reductions in prophylactic use of NK1 antagonists and LA serotonin antagonists (e.g. 6.0 percentage point reduction in use of NK1 antagonists during high emetic risk chemotherapy [90% CI -9.0, -3.1]); there was no impact on antiemetic use during low emetic risk chemotherapy. There was no OCM impact on use of prophylactic WBC growth factors among beneficiaries receiving chemotherapy with high risk for febrile neutropenia (FN). Among beneficiaries receiving chemotherapy with intermediate risk for FN, OCM led to a 7.6 percentage point reduction in prophylactic GCSF use for patients with breast cancer (90% CI -12.6, -2.7); however, there was no OCM impact on prophylactic GCSF use in patients with lung or colorectal cancer. Among beneficiaries receiving filgrastim, OCM led to faster adoption of biosimilar vs. originator filgrastim (differential trend estimate 2.6%, 90% CI 1.0, 4.4). Conclusions: OCM led to reduced use of some high cost supportive care medications, with patterns suggesting more value-conscious care. Alternative payment models have potential to drive value-based changes in medication use during cancer care.
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Wamorkar, Vinay, A. Samar, A. Reddy, Anusha Ch, C. V. Saikrishna, and Santoshkumar N. "Development and Evaluation of Novel Floating Drug Delivery Systems of Metoclopramide Hydrochloride." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 4, no. 3 (November 30, 2011): 1470–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2011.4.3.5.

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Several distinct novel drug delivery systems are being employed for effective delivery of medications to patients. Oral delivery is by far the most preferable route of drug delivery and oral sustained-release gastroretentive drug delivery systems offer several advantages. These drug delivery systems are beneficial for drugs with absorption from the upper parts of the gastrointestinal tract and for those acting locally in the stomach, improving the bioavailability of these drugs. Floating drug delivery systems (FDDS) are one of the gastroretentive drug delivery systems used to achieve prolonged gastric residence time. Multiple unit FDDS avoid the “all-or-none” gastric emptying nature of single unit systems. In the present research study, floating formulation as solid (capsule) or liquid (in situ gel) drug delivery systems were developed for improving the gastric residence time of the anti-emetic agent metoclopramide hydrochloride. Floating capsules were prepared using combinations of various natural and synthetic polymers. Simultaneously, in situ gel was prepared using completely bio-degradable natural polymers. Both systems were able to sustain drug release for up to 8 hours. These formulations were compared with marketed forms and found to be more convenient from a patient as well as a biopharmaceutical standpoint. To assess the stability of these formulations, accelerated stability testing was conducted as per ICH guidelines. Both formulations were found to be stable upon completion of the accelerated stability period.
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Islam, Md Nazrul, MA Hossain, MA Khaleque, MK Das, MRH Khan, MS Bari, and MKJ Bhuiyan. "Prevalence of Congenital Heart Disease in Neonate in a Tertiary Level Hospital." Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences 2, no. 2 (October 14, 2013): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v2i2.8942.

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Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) has already been recognized as one of the important cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity. The reported prevalence of CHD in live newborns tends to vary a lot due to various unrecognizable lesions at birth and lack of technical expertise. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in the department of Neonatology at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital (MMCH), Bangladesh from January to December 2010 to find prevalence of CHD in neonates. Results: Out of 6560 admitted neonates, 51 were found to have CHD. The prevalence was 7.8/1000 live births. Mean age was 10.2±9.8 days and weight was 2380.5±590.5gms. Respiratory distress was the commonest symptom (71%) followed by cyanosis (26%) and reluctant to feed (24%). Among the CHD Ventricular septal defect (VSD) was the commonest 15/51 and then Atrial septal defect (ASD) 12/51, Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) 5/51, Transposition of great arteries ( TGA) 4/51, Complex heart disease 4/51 and Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) 3/51 cases. Some associated non-cardiac anomalies like Down’s syndrome, polydactyly, syndactyly, cleft lip, cleft palate and cataract were found. Risk factors associated with CHD were diabetes mellitus (10%), hypertension (8%) and maternal infection (4%). Among the drugs, anti-pyretic by 20%, anti-emetic by 18%, anti-epileptic by 4%, vitamin-A and hormone each by 2% of mothers respectively. Conclusion: VSD and ASD were the commonest CHD in this study. Thorough clinical examination and proper investigations immediately after admission is essential, which may help us for proper counseling and early intervention. Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences | Volume 02 | Number 02 | July-December 2013 | Page 91-95 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v2i2.8942
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Shuja, Hajra, Mehmood Ali Shah, and Sadaf Bokhari. "COMPARISON OF ONDANSETRON AND METOCLOPRAMIDE IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING LAPAROSCOPIC CHOLECYSTECTOMY UNDER GENERAL ANESTHESIA." Professional Medical Journal 26, no. 07 (July 10, 2019): 1197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2019.26.07.3825.

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Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a standard treatment for cholelithiasis. It is a safe and effective treatment in many cases. General anesthesia has a high incidence for PONV. But anti-emetic drugs can help in preventing PONV. Objectives: To compare the efficacy of ondansetron and metoclopramide in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Department of Anaesthesia, Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore. Period: 6 months i.e. from 15-2-2017 to 15-8-2017. Material & Methods: The patients were divided into two groups. Ondansetron was given to group A patients within 15 minutes of induction, and metoclopramide to group B patients within 15 minutes of induction. Then patients were shifted to the ward after surgery and followed-up for 24 hours for assessment of PONV. All the data was entered and analyzed on SPSS version 20. Results: The mean age of patients in group A was 38.40±12.07 years and in group B was 42.63±11.77 years. The efficacy achieved in 53 were from group A and 39 were from group B Statistically significant difference was found between the study groups i.e. p-value=0.003. Conclusion: Ondansetron showed significantly better efficacy than metoclopramide in preventing PONV after laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anesthesia.
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Dietlein, M., M. Biermann, M. Frühwald, T. Linden, P. Bucsky, C. Reiners, O. Schober, and C. Franzius. "Procedure guideline for radioiodine therapy and 131iodine whole-body scintigraphy in paediatric patients with differentiated thyroid cancer." Nuklearmedizin 46, no. 05 (2007): 224–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/nukmed-0288.

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SummaryThe procedure guideline for radioiodine (131I) therapy and 131I whole-body scintigraphy of differentiated thyroid cancer in paediatric patients is the counterpart to the procedure guidelines (version 3) for adult patients and specify the interdisciplinary guideline for thyroid cancer of the Deutsche Krebsgesellschaft concerning the nuclear medicine part. Characteristics of thyroid cancer in children are the higher aggressiveness of papillary thyroid cancer, the higher frequency of extrathyroidal extension and of disseminated pulmonary metastases as well as the high risk of local recurrences. Radioiodine therapy is generally recommended in children, the 131I activity depends on the children's body weight. Radioiodine ablation in children with small papillary cancer (≤1 cm) should be considered. TSH stimulation is reached two weeks (children) or three weeks (adolescents) after withdrawal of thyroid hormones. Anti-emetic drugs are highly recommended. CT of the chest and examination of pulmonary function are clearly indicated if there is any suspicion on metastases. 3–6 months after 131I ablation, the 131I whole-body scintigraphy is highly recommended as lymph node metastases are frequently detected in paediatric patients. Follow-up care should be arranged in shorter intervals than in adults to test the compliance and to adapt dosage of thyroid hormones to the children's body weight. Reference values of fT3 are higher in children than in adults. Evidence is insufficient to describe in which constellation the TSH may be kept within the low normal level. Therefore, TSH suppression is generally recommended.
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Rao, Manjula Sudhakar, Chennupati Prabhu Kishore, Serah Paul Kooran, Ravindra Kumar Arora, and Alok Basu Roy. "Comparative study of ondansetron, granisetron and granisetron with dexamethasone for prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy." Indian Journal of Clinical Anaesthesia 8, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 236–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijca.2021.046.

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An assortment of drugs are being used for managing postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic surgeries. Combination anti-emetic therapy using 5HT3 antagonists with dexamethasone as an adjunct is being tried owing to its improved efficacy for prevention or treatment of PONV. This was a prospective, randomized, double blind, comparative study conducted on 150 patients aged between 18 to 65 years scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Group O received 0.1 mg/Kg IV ondansetron upto a maximum dose of 8 mg, Group G received 0.04 mg/kg IV granisetron upto a maximum dose of 3mg, Group G+D will receive 0.04mg/kg IV granisetron and 8mg Dexamethasone. The three groups were comparable in terms of demographic data. Our results showed that the patients who had received combination of granisetron and Dexamethasone showed a better complete response as compared to patients who received ondansetron and patients who received granisetron alone. This was seen in all three time periods of 2-6 hours, 6-12 hours and 12-24 hours postoperatively with a p value less than 0.001 making it statistically significant. : Combination therapy with granisetron and dexamethasone IV used as prophylactic antiemetic is better than granisetron or ondansetron given IV alone. IV granisetron and dexamethasone combination has fewer side effects compared to ondansetron or granisetron. Need for the rescue antiemetic was least in the patients receiving granisetron and dexamethasone combination as compared to in patient receiving ondansetron and granisetron alone.
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Clocchiatti, L., G. Cartei, A. Lavaroni, E. Vigevani, G. Fabris, G. Tommasini, and M. Leonardi. "Intra-Arterial Chemotherapy with Carboplatin (CBDCA) and Vepesid (VP16) in Primary Malignant Brain Tumours." Interventional Neuroradiology 2, no. 4 (December 1996): 277–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/159101999600200405.

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Twenty three patients (18 males) were followed from January 1993 to July 1996 for primary central nervous system malignancy: glioblastoma multiforme (GM) (15 patients), anaplastic astrocytoma (AA) (8 patients). Ninety one cycles (average 4 cycles per patient) of intraarterial chemotherapy (IACH) were administered. The IACH included: Carboplatin (CBP) 250 mg/m2 and Vepesid (VP16) 150 mg/m2 infusion; both drugs in normal saline, 100 ml and 250 ml, were infused over 15 and 30 min respectively. IACH was repeated every two weeks four or six times according to response to chemotherapy. IACH was preceded by i.v. methylprednisolone 40mg and pure anti-emetic (5HT3 serotonin uptake inhibitors) and subcutaneous daily doses of G-CSF following IACH to prevent neutropenia. The whole treatment required a 24h hospital admission. The IACH was well-tolerated and toxicity (Miller's grade, WHO) included: two cases of reversible pulmonary embolism (8.6%) three and ten days respectively after therapy (one patient had atrial fibrillation, two cases grade 2 vomiting, two grade 1 anaemia and three grade 3 thombocytopenia (13%). Response to therapy was evaluated in 21 out of 23 patients, two having not yet received at least four IACH cycles: 4 PRO (3 GM, 1 AA), 15 SD (10 GM, 5 AA) and 2 PR (AA). Seventeen patients responded to IACH (SD + RO) (74%), and the PRs belonged to the AA group. Survival duration was from 16 + to 108 weeks. IACH with CP and VP16 warrants further studies focussing on drug dose and schedule. A prospective randomized multicentric trial evaluating radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy plus/minus IACH is currently underway.
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Cong, Luo, Mingge Shang, Lei Chen, Xu Qi, Li Jingjing, Qing Wei, and Jieer Ying. "A cross-sectional study on effectiveness of antiemetic regimens for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: A single-center retrospect study of 1,000 patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): e24100-e24100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e24100.

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e24100 Background: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a common symptom in patients who undergoing chemotherapy, it is very important to control CINV to maintain dose intensity and patients' quality of life. To analyse the current situation of CINV for the tumor patients who undergoing chemotherapy, we used a cross-sectional survey to assess CINV status in those patients, and whether the drugs used by doctors in each department met the guidelines, and compared the efficacy of different antiemetic regimens on acute and delayed CINV overall post-chemotherapy periods. Methods: 1,000 patients were randomly selected from 5,468 patients with chemotherapy discharged from different departments of Zhejiang cancer hospital in China between April 1 and April 30, 2019, and there were 87 responses totally. Medical records were collected on patient’s department (internal medicine, surgery, radiotherapy, interventional), chemotherapy regimens, anti-vomiting program, etc. Patients' feedbacks were recorded by CTCAE4.03 standard using MASCC antiemetic tool (Mat). Participants reported the frequency, severity, and impact on daily life of CINV from the day of chemotherapy administration up to 5 days thereafter and nausea and vomiting, as well as pharmacologic and chemotherapy used. Results: A total of 66 antineoplastic drugs were investigated, of which 52 were given intravenously and 14 orally.There were 9, 7, 50 drugs with high, moderate and low emetic risk respectively.The most prescribed prophylactic regimens for the management of CINV were aprepitant, 5-HT3R, H1-RA and dexamethasone and metoclopramide. The overall incidence of CINV were 44.34%, 24.57% and 39.66% patients reported nausea or vomiting in the acute and delayed phases. 19.89% patients had both acute and delayed CINV. The consistency rate of antiemetic with guideline was 63.19% in internal medicine department, 61.41% in surgery department and 52.91% in radiotherapy department, which showed a significant gap between the actual use of drugs and the recommended guidelines(P = 0.001). In 875 patients, 518 patients received guideline recommended antiemetic regimen, the CINV rates of complete response (CR), defined as no vomiting with no rescue medication, were 61.58%. While the CR rates in other 357 patients were 47.06%(P < 0.001). Nausea was more frequent across the overall observation period (43.77% VS 18.86%). However, vomiting was more sever and had a greater impact on life than nausea. Conclusions: Overall, adherence to the guideline recommendations in different departments were poor with varying degrees. Future studies should set hard outcomes, such as the absence of any symptoms, as a primary end point. The standardized management of CINV in patients need to be further strengthened and doctors need to use drugs more regularly to reduce the occurrence of CINV in patients.
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Cong, Luo, Mingge Shang, Lei Chen, Xu Qi, Li Jingjing, Qing Wei, and Jieer Ying. "A cross-sectional study on the effectiveness of antiemetic regimens for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: A single center retrospect study of 1,000 patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): e24055-e24055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e24055.

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e24055 Background: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a common symptom in patients who undergoing chemotherapy, it is very important to control CINV to maintain dose intensity and patients' quality of life. To analyse the current situation of CINV for the tumor patients who undergoing chemotherapy, we used a cross-sectional survey to assess CINV status in those patients, and whether the drugs used by doctors in each department met the guidelines, and compared the efficacy of different antiemetic regimens on acute and delayed CINV overall post-chemotherapy periods. Methods: 1,000 patients were randomly selected from 5,468 patients with chemotherapy discharged from different departments of Zhejiang cancer hospital in China between April 1 and April 30, 2019, and there were 87 responses totally. Medical records were collected on patient’s department (internal medicine, surgery, radiotherapy, interventional) , chemotherapy regimens, anti-vomiting program, etc. Patients' feedbacks were recorded by CTCAE4.03 standard using MASCC antiemetic tool (Mat). Participants reported the frequency, severity, and impact on daily life of CINV from the day of chemotherapy administration up to 5 days thereafter and nausea and vomiting, as well as pharmacologic and chemotherapy used. Results: A total of 66 antineoplastic drugs were investigated, of which 52 were given intravenously and 14 orally.There were 9, 7, 50 drugs with high, moderate and low emetic risk respectively.The most prescribed prophylactic regimens for the management of CINV were aprepitant, 5-HT3R, H1-RA and dexamethasone and metoclopramide. The overall incidence of CINV were 44.34%, 24.57% and 39.66% patients reported nausea or vomiting in the acute and delayed phases. 19.89% patients had both acute and delayed CINV. The consistency rate of antiemetic with guideline was 63.19% in internal medicine department, 61.41% in surgery department and 52.91% in radiotherapy department, which showed a significant gap between the actual use of drugs and the recommended guidelines(P = 0.001). In 875 patients, 518 patients received guideline recommended antiemetic regimen, the CINV rates of complete response (CR), defined as no vomiting with no rescue medication, were 61.58%. While the CR rates in other 357 patients were 47.06%(P < 0.001). Nausea was more frequent across the overall observation period(43.77% VS 18.86%). However, vomiting was more sever and had a greater impact on life than nausea. Conclusions: Overall, adherence to the guideline recommendations in different departments were poor with varying degrees. Future studies should set hard outcomes, such as the absence of any symptoms, as a primary end point.The standardized management of CINV in patients needs to be further strengthened and doctors need to use drugs more regularly to reduce the occurrence of CINV in patients.
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Nieva, J. J., W. Webb, and G. Siuzdak. "Pharmacokinetic effect of aprepitant on irinotecan in patients with colorectal cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 19622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.19622.

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19622 Background: Alterations in the activity of cytochrome P450 enzymes can affect the clearance of chemotherapeutic drugs. Aprepitant, a moderate inhibitor and inducer of cytochrome P450 3A4, is now increasingly used for the prevention of chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting as an adjuct to irinotecan-containing chemotherapy. There is little published data on the potential interaction between these agents. We sought to determine if aprepitant impacts the clinical pharmacokinetics of irinotecan. Methods: Patients with colorectal cancer receiving FOLFIRI chemotherapy were eligible for enrollment. Each patient received 2 cycles of FOLFIRI chemotherapy with, and 2 cycles without, aprepitant as part of the anti-emetic regimen. Plasma was obtained for each chemotherapy cycle at: 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 24 and 48 hours. Irinotecan and its active metabolite SN-38 plasma levels were measured in duplicate by LC-FLD. Differences between groups were evaluated using a paired students t-test. Results: We administered 8 cycles of FOLFIRI chemotherapy for treatment of colorectal cancer to 2 patients. Median Cmax of irinotecan and SN-38 was 1,628 ± 1,565 ng/mL and 18.8 ± 9.7 ng/mL for aprepitant treated chemotherapy cycles compared with 1376 ± 1536 ng/mL and 23.5 ± 8.5 ng/mL for conventionally pre-medicated cycles. Median area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) for irinotecan was 583.9 ± 317.6 μg/ml·min in aprepitant treated cycles and 682.6 ±266.5 μg/ml·min during conventionally treated cycles. Median AUC for SN-38 was 15.0 ± 7.5 μg/ml·min and 18.0 ± 9.0 μg/ml·min in aprepitant and conventionally premedicated chemotherapy cycles respectively. Conclusions: In this pilot study, aprepitant, as it is typically administered, did not have any significant effect on irinotecan pharmacokinetics in patients with colorectal cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Matsumoto, Koji, Meiko Nishimura, Yukinori Ozaki, Manabu Futamura, Toshikio Miyaki, Junji Tsurutani, Shigeru Imoto, et al. "Relation between dexamethasone (DEX) usage, preventive trimetprim/sulfametoxazole (ST), and pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) for patients with breast cancer receiving dose-dense AC followed by dose-dense paclitaxel (ddAC-ddP): Preplanned analysis of WJOG9016B." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): e12022-e12022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.e12022.

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e12022 Background: PCP is rare complication of ddAC-ddP. DEX is plausible risk factor for PCP. Dose and duration of DEX against CINV is changing over time as other anti-emetic drugs (5HT3 RA, NK1 RA, and olanzapin) became available. Then DEX usage varies widely in each hospitals. ASCO/IDSA guideline recommends preventive ST for patients receiving 20 mg or more predonisone equivalents daily for more than one month, although evidence is lacking in patients receiving ddAC-ddP. This study is to investigate relation between DEX usage, preventive ST, and risk of PCP for patients receiving ddAC-ddP. Methods: This study is preplanned analysis of WJOG9016B (UMIN000024992) which investigated relative dose intensity of ddAC-ddP supported by 3.6 mg (approved dose in Japan) of pegfilgrastim. Eligible pts were HER2 negative PBC with stage I to IIIc, going to start ddAC-ddP and younger than 65 y.o.. DEX usage and preventive ST usage were discrete to treating physicians. Results: From Jan. 2017 to Jan. 2018, 92 pts were registered and 91 pts were in the FAS set, because one patients turned out be ineligible after registration. All patients received DEX for prevention of delayed CINV. Median total dose of DEX during ddAC was 112 mg (range; 80 to 212 mg), which was equal to 13.3 mg (9.52 mg–24.76 mg) predonisone equivalents daily. Only five of them (5.4%) received more than 20 mg predonisone equivalents daily. Twenty patients received preventive ST. Three patients developed PCP. None of them with preventive ST developed PCP (0%), whereas three of patients without ST developed PCP (4.2%). These three patients received total DEX dose during ddAC at 80 mg, 112 mg, and 112 mg, respectively. Conclusions: ST was highly effective for PCP prevention for patients receiving ddAC-ddP, if DEX used against delayed CINV. Without ST prevention, the risk of PCP was 4.2 %, which was higher than threshold (3.5%) proposed in ASCO/ IDSA guidelines. The threshold of steroid dose leading to the risk of PCP might be lower than 20 mg or more predonisone equivalents daily in patients receiving ddAC-ddP. Clinical trial information: UMIN000024992.
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Maki, Toshio, Kunio Takahashi, and Shoji Shibata. "An Anti-Emetic Principle ofPinellia ternataTuber." Planta Medica 53, no. 05 (October 1987): 410–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-962759.

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Zilioli, Vittorio Ruggero, Periana Minga, Lara Crucitti, Erika Meli, Monica Luigia Torretta, Anna Esposito, Chiara Rusconi, and Roberto Cairoli. "NEPA (netupitant + palonosetron) Administration Is Safe and Effective in cHL Patients Receiving ABVD Regimen: A Single-Center Real Life Experience." Blood 132, Supplement 1 (November 29, 2018): 5374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-116543.

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Abstract BACKGROUND In the setting of cHL, ABVD (adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, dacarbazine) is the most widely used first line chemotherapeutic treatment and it is well known that this regimen is associated with a high emetic risk (HEC). Palonosetron (PALO) currently represents one of the most effective and implemented drug for CINV prevention, but after many ABVD cycles patients (pts) frequently need to add other antiemetic drugs to obtain a good control of their symptoms. Netupitant (NETU) is the NK1-RA (neurokinin receptor antagonist) component of NEPA, the first antiemetic drug available as oral fixed combination: NETU (300mg) + PALO (0.5mg). Both ABVD drugs and NETU are metabolized by cytochrome P-450 isoform 3A4 (CYP3A4), but respect to other NK1-receptor antagonist available, NETU has demonstrated to have no clinical relevant interaction with chemotherapy drugs like etoposide, cyclophosphamide and docetaxel. However, no data are currently available about the safety profile of NETU in the setting of ABVD treatment; for that reason we started the use of this drug as salvage therapy after PALO failure. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the cHL pts treated with ABVD at our Center from September 2016 to January 2018. We used PALO + dexamethasone as first-line anti-CINV prophylaxis, while NEPA was introduced as salvage drug for those pts with inadequately controlled CINV. We collected data regarding demographics; diagnosis; planned chemotherapeutic treatment; performed chemotherapeutic treatment; acute, delayed and anticipatory CINV (before and after NEPA); laboratory findings including transaminases, creatinine and electrolytes (before and after NEPA); adverse reactions (before and after NEPA). The primary endpoint of the study was safety of NEPA in ABVD treated pts, while CINV control (no nausea or vomiting) was the secondary endpoint. NEPA-related safety data have been compared to the same data collected at the moment of the last previous PALO-containing regimen. RESULTS Among the 32 pts treated with ABVD during the study period, 13 (41%) received NEPA. Three pts were males and 10 females, and median age was 33 years (range 18-61). According to disease characteristics at diagnosis the planned ABVD administrations were 12 (6 cycles) in 9 pts, 8 (4 cycles) in 3 pts and 4 (2 cycles) in 1 pt. Nine pts completed the planned chemotherapy, 1 pt skipped the last cycle for personal decision, 3 pts are ongoing treatment at the time of analysis. Reasons for shift to NEPA are as follows: acute (grade 2) CINV alone in 3/13 pts; late (grade 2) CINV alone in 3/13 pts; combined acute (4 grade 2, 1 grade 1) and late (4 grade 2, 1 grade 1) CINV in 5/13 pts; combined anticipatory (grade 1), acute (grade 1) and late (grade 2) CINV in 2/13 pts. NEPA was started after a median of 4 ABVD administrations (range 1-10). Globally 53 NEPA administrations were delivered during subsequent cycles (median number of 3 NEPA administrations for each pt, range 1-11). With regard to the primary endpoint, the observed adverse events are listed in Table 1. With regard to the secondary endpoint, anticipatory, acute and delayed CINV were detected in 15%, 77%, 77%, of PALO pts and 15%, 46% and 15% of NEPA pts, respectively (see Table 2) CONCLUSION In our experience NETU did not show drug-drug interaction with ABVD chemotherapy agents, and NEPA administration was globally well tolerated with mild and transient adverse events. Furthermore, in cHL ABVD treated pts who experienced nausea and/or vomiting after failure of PALO + dexamethasone antiemetic prophylaxis, NEPA has demonstrated to be effective in CINV control. In 4 out of 13 cases, after an initial improvement in CINV control, pts subsequently required to shift to anti-CINV third line treatments. On the other hand, the 9 pts who continued on NEPA administration could experience an optimal CINV control immediately after the first administration. At our knowledge no data have been published regarding NEPA toxicities in the ABVD setting. Our safety and efficacy data come from a real life experience of consecutive pts treated homogeneously at a single center and would suggest the use of NEPA as primary anti-CINV prophylaxis in previously untreated cHL pts. Disclosures Rusconi: Celgene: Research Funding.
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Nam, Joo-Won, and Eun-Kyoung Seo. "Structural Characterization and Biological Effects of Constituents of the Seeds of Alpinia katsumadai (Alpina Katsumadai Seed)." Natural Product Communications 7, no. 6 (June 2012): 1934578X1200700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1200700626.

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Alpinia katsumadai Hayata (Zingiberaceae) has been used as an anti-emetic medicine and to treat gastric disorders in Oriental Medicine. Previous phytochemical investigations of this plant have resulted in the isolation of various diarylheptanoids, kavalactones, flavonoids, stilbenes, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes. Some of these compounds have antioxidant, anti-emetic, antiviral, and cytoprotective effects. This review paper discusses the structural characterization of the chemical constituents of A. katsumadai, as well as the biological activity of pure constituents of this plant material.
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Bensalem, A., and K. Bouzid. "Gemcitabine/paclitaxel compared to gemcitabine/vinorelbine in metastatic breast cancer: An interim analysis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2007): 1097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.1097.

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1097 Background: New combinations and strategies have been developed over the past 10 years including new drugs such as taxanes and gemcitabine. It is not clear whether the activity of the gemcitabine-paclitaxel (GP) combination regimen would translate into better progression-free or overall survival (OS) when compared with gemcitabine-vinorelbine (GV) especially in metastatic breast cancer. This study was conducted to evaluate the overall response rate (RR) of GP Vs GV. Secondary objectives included individual responses of GP and GV, time to progression (TTP), time to treatment failure (TTF), OS, and toxicities. Methods: Patients(pts) with histological diagnosis of stage IV or recurrent breast cancer who had PS =2 and measurable disease were randomized to receive GP (Gemcitabine: 1,250mg/m2 D1 & D8- paclitaxel: 175 mg/m2 D1, D1=D28) or GV (Gemcitabine: 1,250mg/m2 D1 & D8 - vinorelbine: 25mg/m2 D1 & D8, D1=D21). Pts received anthracycline and/or capecitabine chemotherapy in adjuvant and/or metastatic setting. Results: Of 47 patients enrolled, 24 patients were randomized to GP arm and 23 to GV arm. 72% of patients were stage IV and 28% recurrent disease. To date, all patients were qualified for safety, TTF, TTP and OS analysis. Hematologic toxicities were: Neutropenia in 23% in GP Vs 17% in GV, Anemia in 12% in GP Vs 9% in GV. Non hematologic toxicities were essentially nausea and vomiting grad 2–3 in 27% in GP Vs 31% in GV. Anti-emetic agents were administrated to decrease them. The Complete Response (CR) was 27% in GP Vs 30% in GV, the Partial Response (PR) was 23% in GP Vs 17% in GV; with an Overall Response Rate (ORR) of 50% in GP Vs 47% in GV. Median TTF in weeks was 12 in GP Vs 14 in GV. Median TTP (weeks) was 14 in GP Vs 19 in GV. Median OS (weeks) was 32 in GP Vs 50 in GV. Conclusions: In our experience, schedules incriminating gemcitabine are efficient and produce clinical benefit and there activities are very interesting. The analysis of the useful of paclitaxel or vinorelbine associated to gemcitabine demonstrates that these associations are active with no significant differences in toxicities. Therefore, the questions are what regimens, for what patients to what high responses in pre-treated metastatic breast cancer. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Hollingworth, Gregory J., Emma J. Carlson, José L. Castro, Gary G. Chicchi, Natalie Clark, Laura C. Cooper, Olivier Dirat, et al. "Novel lactam NK1 antagonists with anti-emetic activity." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 16, no. 5 (March 2006): 1197–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.11.111.

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45

Eda, M., Y. Hayashi, K. Kinoshita, K. Koyama, K. Takahashi, and K. Akutu. "Anti-emetic Principles of Water Extract of Brazilian Propolis." Pharmaceutical Biology 43, no. 2 (January 2005): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13880200590919546.

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46

Fehr, A., F. El Noby, N. Fathi, and R. Lotfy. "AB1309-HPR EFFICACY OF ADDING CAFFEINE TO THE TREATMENT REGIMEN IN REDUCING METHOTREXATE INTOLERANCE IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED STUDY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1945.1–1945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.1887.

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Background:Rheumatoid arthritis is one of common form of chronic inflammatory arthritis. Methotrexate has remained anchor treatment because of its potent efficacy1. Intolerance to Methotrexate is a common cause of non-compliance2&3.Objectives:To investigate the effect of adding caffeine orally as Methylxanthines (Caffeine), act as adenosine receptor antagonists4to reduce symptoms of moderate to severe methotrexate intolerance in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis5.Methods:A prospective, randomized controlled study conducted at Aswan University Hospital, Egypt from Jan 2018 till may 2019. Sixty patients with Rheumatoid arthritis who have had experienced moderate to severe methotrexate intolerance was enrolled in the study. The methotrexate intolerance severity score (MISS)6was evaluated at base line before initiation of study then at the next three months consecutively. Patients were randomly assigned by closed envelope method into 2 groups each containing 30 patients:Group (A); 30 patients was prescribed caffeine (coffee or dark chocolate) as an antidote to methotrexate intolerance7.Group (B); 30 matched patients acted as control group that included who will continue methotrexate regimen without addition of any extra caffeine.Results:Twenty four patients (80%) at time three follow up visit showed full improvement of symptoms of methotrexate-intolerance compared to ten patients (33.3%) at 2nd month follow up visit and seven patients (23%) at 1st month follow up visit with statistically significant difference all over the study period (P=0.005). half of study group patients discontinued anti-emetic and other drugs while none in control group did.Conclusion:Adding caffeine to management regimen can reduce the symptoms of severe methotrexate-intolerance in Rheumatoid Arthritis patients.References:[1]Friedman, B., & Cronstein, B. (2019). Methotrexate Mechanism in Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Joint Bone Spine, 86(3):301-307[2]Wang, W., Zhou, H., & Liu, L. (2018). Side effects of methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review. European journal of medicinal chemistry. Volume 158, 502-516[3]Bulatović, M., Heijstek, M. W., Verkaaik, M., van Dijkhuizen, E. P., Armbrust, W., Hoppenreijs, E. P., ... & Rademaker, C. M. (2011). High prevalence of methotrexate intolerance in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: development and validation of a methotrexate intolerance severity score. Arthritis & Rheumatism, 63(7), 2007-2013.[4]Malaviya, A., Baghel, S., Verma, S., Thakran, R., & Messi, C. (2019). Use of coffee for alleviating methotrexate intolerance in rheumatic diseases. Indian Journal of Rheumatology, 14(1), 79-79.[5]Ribeiro, J. A., & Sebastiao, A. M. (2010). Caffeine and adenosine. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 20(s1), S3-S15.[6]Fatimah, N., Salim, B., Nasim, A., Hussain, K., Gul, H., & Niazi, S. (2016). Frequency of methotrexate intolerance in rheumatoid arthritis patients using methotrexate intolerance severity score (MISS questionnaire). Clinical rheumatology, 35(5), 1341-1345.[7]Malaviya, A. N. (2017). Methotrexate intolerance in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA): effect of adding caffeine to the management regimen. Clinical rheumatology, 36(2), 279-285.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Inagaki, Masanao, Toshiyuki Kanemasa, and Takaaki Yokota. "Naldemedine: Peripherally Acting Opioid Receptor Antagonist for Treating Opioid-induced Adverse Effects." Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 20, no. 31 (December 3, 2020): 2830–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026620666200710105953.

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Opioids are widely used for pain management in moderate-to-severe pain. However, opioids are associated with adverse events, such as constipation and emesis/vomiting. To reduce these undesired effects, a structure–activity relationship study of morphinan derivatives was conducted, and a promising lead compound with inhibitory effects on opioid receptors was obtained. Further improvement in the potency and pharmacokinetic profiles of the lead compound led to the discovery of naldemedine, which showed anti-constipation and anti-emetic effects against these adverse events that were induced by morphine without influencing morphine’s analgesic effect. Naldemedine was launched in Japan and the USA in 2017 and in the EU in 2019, for treating opioid-induced constipation.
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Lv, Haining, and Gaimei She. "Naturally Occurring Diarylheptanoids." Natural Product Communications 5, no. 10 (October 2010): 1934578X1000501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1000501035.

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Diarylheptanoids, natural products with a 1,7-diphenylheptane structural skeleton, are mainly distributed in the roots, rhizomes and bark of Alpinia, Zingiber, Curcuma and Alnus species. They have become of interest in natural product research over the past twenty years because of their remarkable anticancer, anti-emetic, estrogenic, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. This paper compiles all 307 naturally occurring diarylheptanoids from 46 plants as reported in 137 references with their distributions, physiological activities and 13C-NMR spectral data.
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Williams Iii, R. O., J. E. Dorrell, K. E. Corti, and M. A. Connolly. "Significance of interactions of a novel anti-emetic drug and packaging components during clinical studies." Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy 18, no. 20 (January 1992): 2145–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/03639049209038753.

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50

Kurata, Kiyoshi, Takaaki Tai, Ye Yang, Kaoru Kinoshita, Kiyotaka Koyama, Kunio Takahashi, Kazuo Watanabe, and Yoshiki Nunoura. "Quantitative Analysis of Anti-Emetic Principle in the Tubers ofPinellia ternataby Enzyme Immunoassay." Planta Medica 64, no. 07 (October 1998): 645–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-957539.

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