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Journal articles on the topic 'Anti-biofilm agents'

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Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 9 March 2023

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1

Săndulescu, Oana. "Managing sticky situations – anti-biofilm agents." GERMS 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.11599/germs.2016.1088.

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2

S. R., Mahipriyaa, Baby Roselin R, Arjun K., Nithyanth M., and Sankar V. "A REVIEW ON NATURAL ANTI BIOFILM AGENTS FOR WOUND BIOFILM." INDIAN DRUGS 58, no. 10 (December 16, 2021): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.53879/id.58.10.12525.

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A biofilm may be a consortium of micro-organisms in which the cells of microbes attach to each other on a living or non-living surface inside a self-produced matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. The bacterial or fungal colonies invade the surface of the wounds, thereby delaying the healing cascade. The resistance is partially due to low metabolic rate of these colonies, which directly impacts the action of oral or parenteral antibiotics. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop antibacterial agents to regulate the biofilm growth and development. The last few decades have witnessed wide research studies attempting to investigate the anti-biofilm effects of natural products. This review will summarize the wound infections associated with biofilm, mechanisms of bacterial resistance due to biofilm and recent studies on discovery of natural products with their mechanisms for inhibiting various bacterial biofilms that can be a promising candidate which could provide novel strategies for biofilm-associated infections.
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3

Brackman, Gilles, and Tom Coenye. "Quorum Sensing Inhibitors as Anti-Biofilm Agents." Current Pharmaceutical Design 21, no. 1 (November 18, 2014): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612820666140905114627.

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4

Al-Adham, I. S. I., N. D. Al-Hmoud, E. Khalil, M. Kierans, and P. J. Collier. "Microemulsions are highly effective anti-biofilm agents." Letters in Applied Microbiology 36, no. 2 (February 2003): 97–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765x.2003.01266.x.

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5

Jang, Yun Su, and Tímea Mosolygó. "Inhibition of Bacterial Biofilm Formation by Phytotherapeutics with Focus on Overcoming Antimicrobial Resistance." Current Pharmaceutical Design 26, no. 24 (July 21, 2020): 2807–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612826666200212121710.

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: Bacteria within biofilms are more resistant to antibiotics and chemical agents than planktonic bacteria in suspension. Treatment of biofilm-associated infections inevitably involves high dosages and prolonged courses of antimicrobial agents; therefore, there is a potential risk of the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Due to the high prevalence of AMR and its association with biofilm formation, investigation of more effective anti-biofilm agents is required. : From ancient times, herbs and spices have been used to preserve foods, and their antimicrobial, anti-biofilm and anti-quorum sensing properties are well known. Moreover, phytochemicals exert their anti-biofilm properties at sub-inhibitory concentrations without providing the opportunity for the emergence of resistant bacteria or harming the host microbiota. : With increasing scientific attention to natural phytotherapeutic agents, numerous experimental investigations have been conducted in recent years. The present paper aims to review the articles published in the last decade in order to summarize a) our current understanding of AMR in correlation with biofilm formation and b) the evidence of phytotherapeutic agents against bacterial biofilms and their mechanisms of action. The main focus has been put on herbal anti-biofilm compounds tested to date in association with Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and food-borne pathogens (Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli).
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6

Asma, Syeda Tasmia, Kálmán Imre, Adriana Morar, Viorel Herman, Ulas Acaroz, Hamid Mukhtar, Damla Arslan-Acaroz, Syed Rizwan Ali Shah, and Robin Gerlach. "An Overview of Biofilm Formation–Combating Strategies and Mechanisms of Action of Antibiofilm Agents." Life 12, no. 8 (July 23, 2022): 1110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12081110.

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Biofilm formation on surfaces via microbial colonization causes infections and has become a major health issue globally. The biofilm lifestyle provides resistance to environmental stresses and antimicrobial therapies. Biofilms can cause several chronic conditions, and effective treatment has become a challenge due to increased antimicrobial resistance. Antibiotics available for treating biofilm-associated infections are generally not very effective and require high doses that may cause toxicity in the host. Therefore, it is essential to study and develop efficient anti-biofilm strategies that can significantly reduce the rate of biofilm-associated healthcare problems. In this context, some effective combating strategies with potential anti-biofilm agents, including plant extracts, peptides, enzymes, lantibiotics, chelating agents, biosurfactants, polysaccharides, organic, inorganic, and metal nanoparticles, etc., have been reviewed to overcome biofilm-associated healthcare problems. From their extensive literature survey, it can be concluded that these molecules with considerable structural alterations might be applied to the treatment of biofilm-associated infections, by evaluating their significant delivery to the target site of the host. To design effective anti-biofilm molecules, it must be assured that the minimum inhibitory concentrations of these anti-biofilm compounds can eradicate biofilm-associated infections without causing toxic effects at a significant rate.
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7

Wang, Kai-Ling, Zheng-Rong Dou, Gao-Fen Gong, Hai-Feng Li, Bei Jiang, and Ying Xu. "Anti-Larval and Anti-Algal Natural Products from Marine Microorganisms as Sources of Anti-Biofilm Agents." Marine Drugs 20, no. 2 (January 21, 2022): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20020090.

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Bacteria growing inside biofilms are more resistant to hostile environments, conventional antibiotics, and mechanical stresses than their planktonic counterparts. It is estimated that more than 80% of microbial infections in human patients are biofilm-based, and biofouling induced by the biofilms of some bacteria causes serious ecological and economic problems throughout the world. Therefore, exploring highly effective anti-biofilm compounds has become an urgent demand for the medical and marine industries. Marine microorganisms, a well-documented and prolific source of natural products, provide an array of structurally distinct secondary metabolites with diverse biological activities. However, up to date, only a handful of anti-biofilm natural products derived from marine microorganisms have been reported. Meanwhile, it is worth noting that some promising antifouling (AF) compounds from marine microbes, particularly those that inhibit settlement of fouling invertebrate larvae and algal spores, can be considered as potential anti-biofilm agents owing to the well-known knowledge of the correlations between biofilm formation and the biofouling process of fouling organisms. In this review, a total of 112 anti-biofilm, anti-larval, and anti-algal natural products from marine microbes and 26 of their synthetic analogues are highlighted from 2000 to 2021. These compounds are introduced based on their microbial origins, and then categorized into the following different structural groups: fatty acids, butenolides, terpenoids, steroids, phenols, phenyl ethers, polyketides, alkaloids, flavonoids, amines, nucleosides, and peptides. The preliminary structure-activity relationships (SAR) of some important compounds are also briefly discussed. Finally, current challenges and future research perspectives are proposed based on opinions from many previous reviews.
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8

Raja Yahya, Mohd Fakharul Zaman. "Anti-biofilm Potential and Mode of Action of Malaysian Plant Species: A Review." Science Letters 14, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/sl.v14i2.9541.

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Biofilm is a microbial community that attaches to a surface and is enclosed in extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) matrix. Formation of biofilm often develops resistance towards a wide spectrum of antimicrobial agents. Since the biofilm-mediated diseases are commonly difficult to treat, there is a need to find new anti-biofilm agent. The studies on anti-biofilm activities of plant species have received a great deal of attention over the last few decades. In Malaysia, plant species have been used as alternatives to the conventional antimicrobial therapy. Several Malaysian plant species are known to control biofilm infection by inhibition of quorum sensing pathway, disruption of EPS matrix, alteration of cell permeability and reduction in cell surface hydrophobicity. This review demonstrates that Malaysian plant species may become excellent therapeutic agents in combating the biofilm infection.
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9

Abedon, Stephen. "Ecology of Anti-Biofilm Agents II: Bacteriophage Exploitation and Biocontrol of Biofilm Bacteria." Pharmaceuticals 8, no. 3 (September 9, 2015): 559–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph8030559.

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10

Kaplan, Jeffrey B. "Therapeutic Potential of Biofilm-Dispersing Enzymes." International Journal of Artificial Organs 32, no. 9 (September 2009): 545–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139880903200903.

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Surface-attached colonies of bacteria known as biofilms play a major role in the pathogenesis of medical device infections. Biofilm colonies are notorious for their resistance to antibiotics and host defenses, which makes most device infections difficult or impossible to eradicate. Bacterial cells in a biofilm are held together by an extracellular polymeric matrix that is synthesized by the bacteria themselves. Enzymes that degrade biofilm matrix polymers have been shown to inhibit bio film formation, detach established bio film colonies, and render biofilm cells sensitive to killing by antimicrobial agents. This review discusses the potential use of biofilm matrix-degrading enzymes as anti-biofilm agents for the treatment and prevention of device infections. Two enzymes, deoxyribonuclease I and the glycoside hydrolase dispersin B, will be reviewed in detail. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrating the anti-biofilm activities of these two enzymes will be summarized, and the therapeutic potential and possible drawbacks of using these enzymes as clinical agents will be discussed.
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11

Abedon, Stephen. "Ecology of Anti-Biofilm Agents I: Antibiotics versus Bacteriophages." Pharmaceuticals 8, no. 3 (September 9, 2015): 525–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph8030525.

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12

Sánchez-Gómez, Susana, and Guillermo Martínez-de-Tejada. "Antimicrobial Peptides as Anti-biofilm Agents in Medical Implants." Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 17, no. 5 (December 30, 2016): 590–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026616666160713141439.

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13

Azman, Adzzie-Shazleen, Christina-Injan Mawang, Jasmine-Elanie Khairat, and Sazaly AbuBakar. "Actinobacteria—a promising natural source of anti-biofilm agents." International Microbiology 22, no. 4 (March 7, 2019): 403–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10123-019-00066-4.

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14

Kolouchová, Irena, Olga Maťátková, Martina Paldrychová, Zdeněk Kodeš, Eva Kvasničková, Karel Sigler, Alena Čejková, Jan Šmidrkal, Kateřina Demnerová, and Jan Masák. "Resveratrol, pterostilbene, and baicalein: plant-derived anti-biofilm agents." Folia Microbiologica 63, no. 3 (October 2, 2017): 261–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12223-017-0549-0.

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15

Berber, Didem, İpek Türkmenoğlu, Meral Birbir, and Nüzhet Cenk Sesal. "Efficacy of Usnea sp. Extracts in Preventing Biofilm Formation by Bacillus Species Isolated from Soaking Liquor Samples." Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association 115, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.34314/jalca.v115i6.3820.

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Bacteria forms biofilm to be resistant to antibacterial agents and other unfavorable environment as compared to planktonic bacterial cells. Due to resistance of bacterial biofilms to commonly used antimicrobial agents and adverse effects of these biofilms in different industries, potential natural compounds which can inhibit bacterial biofilms have attracted more attention in recent years. Lichens are known to have unique secondary metabolites with various biological activities including anti-biofilm properties. Therefore, Bacillus toyonensis, Bacillus mojavensis, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus velezensis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus licheniformis, isolated from soak liquor samples in the previous study, were tested for their ability to form biofilm in this study. Biofilm-forming Bacillus species were detected as B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, and B. velezensis. The anti-biofilm effect of the acetone extracts of Usnea sp. was evaluated at various concentrations against these biofilm-forming isolates. The anti-biofilm effect of acetone extracts of Usnea sp. against B. subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens was observed at the concentration of 5 µg/mL by inhibition ratios of 62.75% and 72.72%, respectively. In addition, biofilm formation of B. velezensis was inhibited by the treatment with 1.25 µg/mL extracts at a 62.69% inhibition rate. Biofilm formations of B. amyloliquefaciens and B. velezensis were also suppressed by the extracts at varying percentages of inhibition ranging between 10.11-43.69% and 21.25-46.35%, respectively. This study may provide an alternative approach to overcome the biofilm formation and bacterial resistance to the antibacterial agents in the leather industry.
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16

Matilla-Cuenca, Leticia, Alejandro Toledo-Arana, and Jaione Valle. "Anti-Biofilm Molecules Targeting Functional Amyloids." Antibiotics 10, no. 7 (June 29, 2021): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10070795.

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The choice of an effective therapeutic strategy in the treatment of biofilm-related infections is a significant issue. Amyloids, which have been historically related to human diseases, are now considered to be prevailing structural components of the biofilm matrix in a wide range of bacteria. This assumption creates the potential for an exciting research area, in which functional amyloids are considered to be attractive targets for drug development to dissemble biofilm structures. The present review describes the best-characterized bacterial functional amyloids and focuses on anti-biofilm agents that target intrinsic and facultative amyloids. This study provides a better understanding of the different modes of actions of the anti-amyloid molecules to inhibit biofilm formation. This information can be further exploited to improve the therapeutic strategies to combat biofilm-related infections.
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17

Kosznik-Kwaśnicka, Katarzyna, Natalia Kaźmierczak, and Lidia Piechowicz. "Activity of Phage–Lactoferrin Mixture against Multi Drug Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms." Antibiotics 11, no. 9 (September 16, 2022): 1256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11091256.

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Biofilms are complex bacterial structures composed of bacterial cells embedded in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) consisting of polysaccharides, proteins and lipids. As a result, biofilms are difficult to eradicate using both mechanical methods, i.e., scraping, and chemical methods such as disinfectants or antibiotics. Bacteriophages are shown to be able to act as anti-biofilm agents, with the ability to penetrate through the matrix and reach the bacterial cells. However, they also seem to have their limitations. After several hours of treatment with phages, the biofilm tends to grow back and phage-resistant bacteria emerge. Therefore, it is now recommended to use a mixture of phages and other antibacterial agents in order to increase treatment efficiency. In our work we have paired staphylococcal phages with lactoferrin, a protein with proven anti-biofilm proprieties. By analyzing the biofilm biomass and metabolic activity, we have observed that the addition of lactoferrin to phage lysate accelerated the anti-biofilm effect of phages and also prevented biofilm re-growth. Therefore, this combination might have a potential use in biofilm eradication procedures in medical settings.
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18

Hou, Chong, Fangxu Yin, Song Wang, Ailing Zhao, Yingzi Li, and Yipin Liu. "Helicobacter pylori Biofilm-Related Drug Resistance and New Developments in Its Anti-Biofilm Agents." Infection and Drug Resistance Volume 15 (April 2022): 1561–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/idr.s357473.

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19

S, Sarah, and Shanmugharaju , V. "Bacterial Protease Inhibitors as Antibacterial agents to prevent Bacterial Infections Associated with Biofilms." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 10 (October 9, 2021): 398–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/10730.

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Isolation of protease inhibitor producing bacteria from microbial mat and investigating its anti-biofilm potential against biofilm producing organism was selected as the main objective of the present study. Protease inhibitor (PI) was produced from bacterial isolates and purified using ammonium sulphate precipitation methods. Primary and secondary protease inhibitor assay was carried out separately to confirm the inhibition of protease enzyme activity both qualitatively and quantitatively. Antibacterial activity and anti-biofilm assay was performed to determine the biofilm prevention capabilities of PI. Three isolates (B1PI, B2PI and B3PI) were screened and B2PI bacterial culture was selected based on the results of primary and secondary protease inhibitor assay. Maximum trypsin inhibition of 77.5±0.25% was recorded for the isolate B2PI. Antibacterial activity of the B2PI protease inhibitor fractions exhibited inhibitory zones of 22.3±1.04mm and 20.2±0.25mm against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus respectively. Anti-biofilm assay of protease inhibitor fractions expressed 31.2μl/ml of MBIC against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The results conclude that, the protease inhibitor from the microbial mat isolate will be an effective alternative to the commercial antibiotics either alone or in combination with other drugs synergistically which shall be studied elaborately in future.
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20

Warner, Christopher J. A., Andrew T. Cheng, Fitnat H. Yildiz, and Roger G. Linington. "Development of benzo[1,4]oxazines as biofilm inhibitors and dispersal agents against Vibrio cholerae." Chemical Communications 51, no. 7 (2015): 1305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cc07003h.

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21

Chung, Pooi Y., and Yien S. Toh. "Anti-biofilm agents: recent breakthrough against multi-drug resistantStaphylococcus aureus." Pathogens and Disease 70, no. 3 (February 24, 2014): 231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/2049-632x.12141.

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22

Jiang, Qian, Jiashun Chen, Chengbo Yang, Yulong Yin, and Kang Yao. "Quorum Sensing: A Prospective Therapeutic Target for Bacterial Diseases." BioMed Research International 2019 (April 4, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2015978.

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Bacterial quorum sensing (QS) is a cell-to-cell communication in which specific signals are activated to coordinate pathogenic behaviors and help bacteria acclimatize to the disadvantages. The QS signals in the bacteria mainly consist of acyl-homoserine lactone, autoinducing peptide, and autoinducer-2. QS signaling activation and biofilm formation lead to the antimicrobial resistance of the pathogens, thus increasing the therapy difficulty of bacterial diseases. Anti-QS agents can abolish the QS signaling and prevent the biofilm formation, therefore reducing bacterial virulence without causing drug-resistant to the pathogens, suggesting that anti-QS agents are potential alternatives for antibiotics. This review focuses on the anti-QS agents and their mediated signals in the pathogens and conveys the potential of QS targeted therapy for bacterial diseases.
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23

Rohatgi, Anuj, and Pratima Gupta. "Natural and synthetic plant compounds as anti-biofilm agents against Escherichia coli O157:H7 biofilm." Infection, Genetics and Evolution 95 (November 2021): 105055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105055.

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24

Labena, A., M. A. Hegazy, Radwa M. Sami, and Wael N. Hozzein. "Multiple Applications of a Novel Cationic Gemini Surfactant: Anti-Microbial, Anti-Biofilm, Biocide, Salinity Corrosion Inhibitor, and Biofilm Dispersion (Part II)." Molecules 25, no. 6 (March 16, 2020): 1348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061348.

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The Egyptian petroleum industries are incurring severe problems with corrosion, particularly corrosion that is induced by sulfidogenic microbial activities in harsh salinity environments despite extensively using biocides and metal corrosion inhibitors. Therefore, in this study, a synthesized cationic gemini surfactant (SCGS) was tested as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial, anti-bacterial, anti-candida, anti-fungal, anti-biofilm (anti-adhesive), and bio-dispersion agent. The SCGS was evaluated as a biocide against environmental sulfidogenic-bacteria and as a corrosion inhibitor for a high salinity cultivated medium. The SCGS displayed wide spectrum antimicrobial activity with minimum bactericidal/fungicidal inhibitory concentrations. The SCGS demonstrated anti-bacterial, anti-biofilm, and bio-dispersion activity. The SCGS exhibited bactericidal activity against environmental sulfidogenic bacteria and the highest corrosion inhibition efficiency of 93.8% at 5 mM. Additionally, the SCGS demonstrated bio-dispersion activity against the environmental sulfidogenic bacteria at 5.49% salinity. In conclusion, this study provides a novel synthesized cationic surfactant with many applications in the oil and gas industry: as broad-spectrum antimicrobial and anti-biofilm agents, corrosion inhibition for high salinity, biocides for environmentally sulfidogenic bacteria, and as bio-dispersion agents.
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25

Gayathri, M., and Abinaya Man. "EFFECT OF ANTI-BIOFILM POTENTIAL OF DIFFERENT MEDICINAL PLANTS: REVIEW." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 2 (February 1, 2017): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i2.15334.

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Medicinal plant products are the natural products which have been very useful for human to cure various ailments and as an alternative medicine for conventional therapy. However, bacteria in natural environments are mainly exist in biofilm formation and are more susceptible to cause severe infections than the planktonic counterparts. Biofilm is associated with impaired epithelization and granulation tissue formation and also promotes a low-grade inflammatory response that interferes with wound healing. Since the infection caused by biofilm is often very difficult to treat, there is a need to find a new active anti-biofilm agent. In recent past, interest in the therapeutic and nutritional properties of various medicinal plants and its natural phytochemical compounds which have established for their anti-biofilm activities has been increased gradually. In this review, we have described various aerial parts of medicinal plants which have anti-biofilm effect which was evaluated against biofilm producing different bacterial pathogens and antimicrobial agents which are responsible to cure wound healing.Keywords: Medicinal plants, Phytochemical, Anti-biofilm activity.
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26

Kim, Young-Min, Hyosuk Son, Seong-Cheol Park, Jong-Kook Lee, Mi-Kyeong Jang, and Jung Ro Lee. "Anti-Biofilm Effects of Rationally Designed Peptides against Planktonic Cells and Pre-Formed Biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa." Antibiotics 12, no. 2 (February 8, 2023): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12020349.

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Biofilms are resistant to antibiotics and are a major source of persistent and recurring infections by clinically important pathogens. Drugs used for biofilm-associated infections are limited because biofilm-embedded or biofilm-matrix bacteria are difficult to kill or eradiate. Therefore, many researchers are developing new and effective antibiofilm agents. Among them, antimicrobial peptides have an attractive interest in the development of antibiofilm agents. The present study evaluated the effects of 10 synthetic peptides on growth inhibition, inhibition of biofilm formation, and biofilm elimination in drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The planktonic cell growth and biofilm formation were dose-dependently inhibited by most of the peptides. WIK-14 eliminated preformed biofilm masses by removing carbohydrates, extracellular nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids constituting extracellular polymeric substances. The results demonstrated that WIK-14 and WIKE-14 peptides might provide novel therapeutic drugs to overcome multidrug resistance in biofilm-associated infections.
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27

Schestakow, Anton, and Matthias Hannig. "Effects of Experimental Agents Containing Tannic Acid or Chitosan on the Bacterial Biofilm Formation in Situ." Biomolecules 10, no. 9 (September 12, 2020): 1315. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10091315.

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Chitosan and tannic acid are known for their antibacterial properties. In the present in-situ study, their antibacterial and anti-adherent effects on biofilm formation on enamel were investigated. Six subjects carried upper jaw splints with bovine enamel specimens, allowing in-situ biofilm formation. During the two-day trial, subjects rinsed with experimental solutions that contained either chitosan, tannic acid (pH = 2.5), tannic acid (pH = 7) or hydrochloric acid. Water served as the negative and chlorhexidine as the positive control. Rinsing occurred four or five times following two different rinsing protocols to investigate both the immediate and long-lasting effects. After 48 h of intraoral exposure, the dental plaque was stained with LIVE/DEAD® BacLight, and fluorescence micrographs were evaluated by using the software ImageJ. The results were verified by scanning electron microscopy. Rinsing with chitosan resulted in little immediate antibacterial and anti-adherent effects but failed to show any long-lasting effect, while rinsing with tannic acid resulted in strong immediate and long-lasting effects. Except for a slightly lower antibacterial effect, the neutral solution of tannic acid was as good as the acidic solution. Hydrochloric acid showed neither an antibacterial nor an anti-adherent effect on dental biofilm formation. Experimental solutions containing tannic acid are promising anti-biofilm agents, irrespective of the pH values of the solutions. Chitosan, on the other hand, was not able to prevent biofilm formation.
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28

Saikia, Swagata, and Snata Kaushik. "Anti-quorum sensing agents: a potential alternative for antibiotics." International Journal of Agricultural and Applied Sciences 3, no. 1 (June 20, 2022): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.52804/ijaas2022.313.

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Quorum sensing (QS) is a bacterial cell to cell communication, which helps bacteria to mount population-density-dependent infection to overcome the defence responses from host. In this mechanism some diffusible chemical signalling compounds are involved, known as autoinducers, which are directly proportional to the population cell density. The main role of QS is to coordinate the expression of several collective traits, including the production of virulence factors, secondary metabolites with antimicrobial activity, pigment production, siderophore production, epiphytic fitness, bioluminescence, plasmid transfer, motility and biofilm formation. Due to the growing bacterial resistance to the antibiotics that have been overused, it has become necessary to search for alternative antimicrobial therapies. One of them is anti-quorum sensing agents/anti-biofilm agents/quorum sensing inhibitors that disrupts the bacterial communication. This study discusses the various QS-disrupting mechanisms used by anti-quorum sensing agents such as, inhibition of AIs synthesis inhibition of AI transport, degradation of AIs using enzymes, sequestration of AIs using monoclonal antibodies, QS signal competition (QS mimicry), as well as the different techniques applied artificially to inhibit the QS pathways in bacteria and thus protecting plant from bacterial diseases.
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29

Abhimannue, Anu P., Meena K. Cheruvathur, and Sreeja A. Sreenivasan. "BIOFILM INHIBITION POTENTIAL OF AQUEOUS LEAF EXTRACT OF SARACA ASOCA LINN. AGAINST PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA." Journal of Advanced Scientific Research 13, no. 02 (March 31, 2022): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.55218/jasr.202213209.

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About 95-99% of microorganisms exist in nature as biofilms. The homogenous or heterogeneous communities of pathogenic bacteria constituting microbial biofilms exert anti-microbial resistance. Several natural anti-biofilm agents have been recognized, like phytochemicals, biosurfactants, anti-microbial peptides, and microbial enzymes. The present study investigates the effect of aqueous extract of Saraca asoca Linn. on the in vitro formation of pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm. The quantitative assessment of biofilm formation was done by crystal violet staining assay. Various factors such as temperature, pH, and concentration were optimized for enhanced effect in inhibiting the biofilm by aq. Saraca asoca leaves extract. Aq. Saraca asoca leaves extract was characterized using GC-MS analysis. Brine shrimp lethality bioassay was also carried out to investigate the cytotoxicity of aq. extract. Saraca asoca was observed as a potential source of anti-biofilm molecules and can be further harnessed to maximum potential.
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30

Verderosa, Anthony, Sarah Mansour, César de la Fuente-Núñez, Robert Hancock, and Kathryn Fairfull-Smith. "Synthesis and Evaluation of Ciprofloxacin-Nitroxide Conjugates as Anti-Biofilm Agents." Molecules 21, no. 7 (June 27, 2016): 841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules21070841.

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31

Baehni, PC, and Y. Takeuchi. "Anti-plaque agents in the prevention of biofilm-associated oral diseases." Oral Diseases 9 (May 28, 2003): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1601-0825.9.s1.5.x.

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32

Chung, Pooi Yin, and Ramona Khanum. "Antimicrobial peptides as potential anti-biofilm agents against multidrug-resistant bacteria." Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection 50, no. 4 (August 2017): 405–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmii.2016.12.005.

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33

Ricciardelli, Annarita, Angela Casillo, Rosanna Papa, Daria Maria Monti, Paola Imbimbo, Gianluca Vrenna, Marco Artini, et al. "Pentadecanal inspired molecules as new anti-biofilm agents against Staphylococcus epidermidis." Biofouling 34, no. 10 (November 26, 2018): 1110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927014.2018.1544246.

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34

Bello-López, Juan Manuel, Adolfo López-Ornelas, Rodolfo Erik Vilchis-Rangel, Rosa María Ribas-Aparicio, Pamela Del-Moral, Jenny Elizabeth Donis-Rocandio, Jorge Cueto, Gerardo Aparicio-Ozores, and José Moreno. "In vitro bactericidal activity of a carbohydrate polymer with zinc oxide for the treatment of chronic wounds." Journal of Medical Microbiology 69, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 874–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001204.

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Introduction. Biological adhesives and effective topical therapeutic agents that improve wound healing are urgently required for the treatment of chronic ulcers. A biodegradable adhesive based on a carbohydrate polymer with zinc oxide (CPZO) was shown to possess anti-inflammatory activity and enhance wound healing, but its bactericidal activity was unknown. Aim. To investigate the bactericidal activity of CPZO against bacteria commonly present as infectious agents in chronic wounds. Methodology. We examined the bactericidal activity of CPZO against three biofilm-producing bacteria ( Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ) through three strategies: bacterial suspension, biofilm disruption and in vitro wound biofilm model. Results. In suspension cultures, CPZO had direct, potent bactericidal action against S. aureus within 24 h, whereas E. coli took 7 days to be eliminated. By contrast, P. aeruginosa survived up to 14 days with CPZO. CPZO had biofilm disruption activity against clinical isolates of S. aureus in the anti-biofilm test. Finally, in the in vitro wound biofilm model, CPZO dramatically reduced the bacterial viability of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa . Conclusions. Together with its previously shown anti-inflammatory properties, the bactericidal activity of CPZO gives it the potential to be a first-line therapeutic option for chronic various ulcers and, possibly, other chronic ulcers, preventing or controlling microbial infections, and leading to the healing of such complicated chronic ulcers.
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35

Hengge, Regine. "Targeting Bacterial Biofilms by the Green Tea Polyphenol EGCG." Molecules 24, no. 13 (June 29, 2019): 2403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24132403.

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Bacterial biofilms are multicellular aggregates in which cells are embedded in an extracellular matrix of self-produced biopolymers. Being refractory to antibiotic treatment and host immune systems, biofilms are involved in most chronic infections, and anti-biofilm agents are being searched for urgently. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) was recently shown to act against biofilms by strongly interfering with the assembly of amyloid fibres and the production of phosphoethanolamin-modified cellulose fibrils. Mechanistically, this includes a direct inhibition of the fibre assembly, but also triggers a cell envelope stress response that down-regulates the synthesis of these widely occurring biofilm matrix polymers. Based on its anti-amyloidogenic properties, EGCG seems useful against biofilms involved in cariogenesis or chronic wound infection. However, EGCG seems inefficient against or may even sometimes promote biofilms which rely on other types of matrix polymers, suggesting that searching for ‘magic bullet’ anti-biofilm agents is an unrealistic goal. Combining molecular and ecophysiological aspects in this review also illustrates why plants control the formation of biofilms on their surfaces by producing anti-amyloidogenic compounds such as EGCG. These agents are not only helpful in combating certain biofilms in chronic infections but even seem effective against the toxic amyloids associated with neuropathological diseases.
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Marc, Araniciu, Oniga, Vlase, Pîrnău, Nadăș, Novac, et al. "Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Piperazin-4-yl-(acetyl-thiazolidine-2,4-dione) Norfloxacin Analogues as Antimicrobial Agents." Molecules 24, no. 21 (October 31, 2019): 3959. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24213959.

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In an effort to improve the antimicrobial activity of norfloxacin, a series of hybrid norfloxacin–thiazolidinedione molecules were synthesized and screened for their direct antimicrobial activity and their anti-biofilm properties. The new hybrids were intended to have a new binding mode to DNA gyrase, that will allow for a more potent antibacterial effect, and for activity against current quinolone-resistant bacterial strains. Moreover, the thiazolidinedione moiety aimed to include additional anti-pathogenicity by preventing biofilm formation. The resulting compounds showed promising direct activity against Gram-negative strains, and anti-biofilm activity against Gram-positive strains. Docking studies and ADMET were also used in order to explain the biological properties and revealed some potential advantages over the parent molecule norfloxacin.
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37

Zeineldin, Mohamed, Ahmed Esmael, Rashad R. Al-Hindi, Mona G. Alharbi, Debebe Ashenafi Bekele, and Addisu D. Teklemariam. "Beyond the Risk of Biofilms: An Up-and-Coming Battleground of Bacterial Life and Potential Antibiofilm Agents." Life 13, no. 2 (February 11, 2023): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13020503.

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Microbial pathogens and their virulence factors like biofilms are one of the major factors which influence the disease process and its outcomes. Biofilms are a complex microbial network that is produced by bacteria on any devices and/or biotic surfaces to escape harsh environmental conditions and antimicrobial effects. Due to the natural protective nature of biofilms and the associated multidrug resistance issues, researchers evaluated several natural anti-biofilm agents, including bacteriophages and their derivatives, honey, plant extracts, and surfactants for better destruction of biofilm and planktonic cells. This review discusses some of these natural agents that are being put into practice to prevent biofilm formation. In addition, we highlight bacterial biofilm formation and the mechanism of resistance to antibiotics.
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38

Ersanli, Caglar, Athina Tzora, Ioannis Skoufos, Konstantina Fotou, Eleni Maloupa, Katerina Grigoriadou, Chrysoula (Chrysa) Voidarou, and Dimitrios I. Zeugolis. "The Assessment of Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Activity of Essential Oils against Staphylococcus aureus Strains." Antibiotics 12, no. 2 (February 13, 2023): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12020384.

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The increase in antimicrobial resistance and tolerance over the years has become a serious public health problem, leading to the inevitable development of alternative antimicrobial agents as substitutes for industrial pharmaceutical antibiotics targeting humans and animals under the concept of one health. Essential oils (EOs) extracted from aromatic and pharmaceutical plants incorporate several bioactive compounds (phytochemicals) that positively affect human and animal health. Herein, this work aimed to examine a standardized chemical composition and screen the antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of Thymus sibthorpii, Origanum vulgare, Salvia fruticosa, and Crithmum maritimum EOs against three different Staphylococcus aureus strains by gold-standard disc diffusion, broth microdilution, and microtiter plate biofilm assays. Therefore, the evaluation of the above-mentioned EOs were considered as substitutes for antibiotics to combat the ever-mounting antimicrobial resistance problem. The observed bacterial growth inhibition varied significantly depending on the type and concentration of the antimicrobials. Thymus sibthorpii was determined as the strongest antimicrobial, with 0.091 mg/mL minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and a 14–33 mm diameter inhibition zone at 5% (v/v) concentration. All tested EOs indicated almost 95% inhibition of biofilm formation at their half MIC, while gentamicin sulfate did not show sufficient anti-biofilm activity. None of the methicillin-resistant strains showed resistance to the EOs compared to methicillin-sensitive strains. Thymus sibthorpii and Origanum vulgare could be potential alternatives as antimicrobial agents to overcome the problem of microbial resistance. The tested EOs might be incorporated into antimicrobial products as safe and potent antimicrobial and anti-biofilm agents.
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Takó, Miklós, Erika Beáta Kerekes, Carolina Zambrano, Alexandra Kotogán, Tamás Papp, Judit Krisch, and Csaba Vágvölgyi. "Plant Phenolics and Phenolic-Enriched Extracts as Antimicrobial Agents against Food-Contaminating Microorganisms." Antioxidants 9, no. 2 (February 18, 2020): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9020165.

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Phenolic compounds and extracts with bioactive properties can be obtained from many kinds of plant materials. These natural substances have gained attention in the food research as possible growth inhibitors of foodborne pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. Many phenolic-enriched plant extracts and individual phenolics have promising anti-quorum sensing potential as well and can suppress the biofilm formation and toxin production of food-related pathogens. Various studies have shown that plant phenolics can substitute or support the activity of synthetic food preservatives and disinfectants, which, by the way, can provoke serious concerns in consumers. In this review, we will provide a brief insight into the bioactive properties, i.e., the antimicrobial, anti-quorum sensing, anti-biofilm and anti-enterotoxin activities, of plant phenolic extracts and compounds, with special attention to pathogen microorganisms that have food relation. Carbohydrase aided applications to improve the antimicrobial properties of phenolic extracts are also discussed.
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40

Champion, Marie, Emilie Portier, Karine Vallée-Réhel, Isabelle Linossier, Eric Balnois, Guillaume Vignaud, Xavier Moppert, Claire Hellio, and Fabienne Faÿ. "Anti-Biofilm Activity of a Hyaluronan-like Exopolysaccharide from the Marine Vibrio MO245 against Pathogenic Bacteria." Marine Drugs 20, no. 11 (November 21, 2022): 728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md20110728.

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Biofilms, responsible for many serious drawbacks in the medical and marine environment, can grow on abiotic and biotic surfaces. Commercial anti-biofilm solutions, based on the use of biocides, are available but their use increases the risk of antibiotic resistance and environmental pollution in marine industries. There is an urgent need to work on the development of ecofriendly solutions, formulated without biocidal agents, that rely on the anti-adhesive physico-chemical properties of their materials. In this context, exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are natural biopolymers with complex properties than may be used as anti-adhesive agents. This study is focused on the effect of the EPS MO245, a hyaluronic acid-like polysaccharide, on the growth, adhesion, biofilm maturation, and dispersion of two pathogenic model strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa sp. PaO1 and Vibrio harveyi DSM19623. Our results demonstrated that MO245 may limit biofilm formation, with a biofilm inhibition between 20 and 50%, without any biocidal activity. Since EPSs have no significant impact on the bacterial motility and quorum sensing factors, our results indicate that physico-chemical interactions between the bacteria and the surfaces are modified due to the presence of an adsorbed EPS layer acting as a non-adsorbing layer.
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41

Kim, Chaerim, Jae-Goo Kim, and Ki-Young Kim. "Anti-Candida Potential of Sclareol in Inhibiting Growth, Biofilm Formation, and Yeast–Hyphal Transition." Journal of Fungi 9, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9010098.

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Even though Candida albicans commonly colonizes on most mucosal surfaces including the vaginal and gastrointestinal tract, it can cause candidiasis as an opportunistic infectious fungus. The emergence of resistant Candida strains and the toxicity of anti-fungal agents have encouraged the development of new classes of potential anti-fungal agents. Sclareol, a labdane-type diterpene, showed anti-Candida activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 50 μg/mL in 24 h based on a microdilution anti-fungal susceptibility test. Cell membrane permeability with propidium iodide staining and mitochondrial membrane potential with JC-1 staining were increased in C. albicans by treatment of sclareol. Sclareol also suppressed the hyphal formation of C. albicans in both liquid and solid media, and reduced biofilm formation. Taken together, sclareol induces an apoptosis-like cell death against Candida spp. and suppressed biofilm and hyphal formation in C. albicans. Sclareol is of high interest as a novel anti-fungal agent and anti-virulence factor.
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42

Peruč, Dolores, Dalibor Broznić, Željka Maglica, Zvonimir Marijanović, Ljerka Karleuša, and Ivana Gobin. "Biofilm Degradation of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Formed on Stainless Steel Following Treatment with Immortelle (Helichrysum italicum) and Common Juniper (Juniperus communis) Essential Oils." Processes 9, no. 2 (February 16, 2021): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9020362.

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Nontuberculous mycobacteria, like other opportunistic premise plumbing pathogens, produce resistant biofilms on various surfaces in the plumbing system including pipes, tanks, and fittings. Since standard methods of water disinfection are ineffective in eradicating biofilms, research into new agents is necessary. Essential oils (EOs) have great potential as anti-biofilm agents. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to investigate the potential anti-biofilm effect of common juniper (Juniperus communis) and immortelle (Helichrysum italicum) EOs. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC), and minimum effective concentrations of EOs on Mycobacterium avium, M. intracellulare, and M. gordonae were tested. Additionally, biofilms on the surface of a stainless steel disc were treated with single or mixed concentration of EOs, in order to investigate their degeneration via the bacterial count and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). H. italicum EO showed the strongest biofilm degradation ability against all Mycobacteria strains that were tested. The strongest effect in the biofilm degradation after the single or mixed applications of EOs was observed against M. gordonae, followed by M. avium. The most resistant was the M. intracellulare biofilm. Synergistic combinations of J. communis and H. italicum EOs therefore seem to be an effective substance in biofilm degradation for use in small water systems such as baths or hot tubs.
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Rogers, Steven A., Erick A. Lindsey, Daniel C. Whitehead, Trey Mullikin, and Christian Melander. "Synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-aminoimidazole/carbamate hybrid anti-biofilm and anti-microbial agents." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 21, no. 4 (February 2011): 1257–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.12.057.

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44

Carbone, Anna, Stella Cascioferro, Barbara Parrino, Daniela Carbone, Camilla Pecoraro, Domenico Schillaci, Maria Grazia Cusimano, Girolamo Cirrincione, and Patrizia Diana. "Thiazole Analogues of the Marine Alkaloid Nortopsentin as Inhibitors of Bacterial Biofilm Formation." Molecules 26, no. 1 (December 27, 2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26010081.

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Anti-virulence strategy is currently considered a promising approach to overcome the global threat of the antibiotic resistance. Among different bacterial virulence factors, the biofilm formation is recognized as one of the most relevant. Considering the high and growing percentage of multi-drug resistant infections that are biofilm-mediated, new therapeutic agents capable of counteracting the formation of biofilms are urgently required. In this scenario, a new series of 18 thiazole derivatives was efficiently synthesized and evaluated for its ability to inhibit biofilm formation against the Gram-positive bacterial reference strains Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and S. aureus ATCC 6538 and the Gram-negative strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442. Most of the new compounds showed a marked selectivity against the Gram-positive strains. Remarkably, five compounds exhibited BIC50 values against S. aureus ATCC 25923 ranging from 1.0 to 9.1 µM. The new compounds, affecting the biofilm formation without any interference on microbial growth, can be considered promising lead compounds for the development of a new class of anti-virulence agents.
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45

Sabbatini, Samuele, Claudia Monari, Nathalie Ballet, Amélie Cayzeele Decherf, Silvia Bozza, Barbara Camilloni, Stefano Perito, and Anna Vecchiarelli. "Anti-Biofilm Properties of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ATCC 53103 Probiotics against G. vaginalis." Microorganisms 8, no. 9 (August 24, 2020): 1294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8091294.

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Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is characterized by the presence of a polymicrobial biofilm where Gardnerella vaginalis plays a key role. Previously, we demonstrated that Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM (French National Collection of Cultures of Microorganisms) I-3856 is helpful in resolving experimental simulated BV in mice. In this study, we analyzed its capacity to affect G. vaginalis biofilms and to potentiate the activity of standard antimicrobial agents. We also investigated the anti-biofilm activity of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103), a well-known strain for its intestinal healthy benefits. Biofilm biomass was assessed by crystal violet staining, and G. vaginalis viability was assessed by a colony forming unit (CFU) assay. Here, for the first time, we demonstrated that S. cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 as well as L. rhamnosus GG were able (i) to significantly inhibit G. vaginalis biofilm formation, (ii) to markedly reduce G. vaginalis viability among the biomass constituting the biofilm, (iii) to induce disaggregation of preformed biofilm, and (iv) to kill a consistent amount of bacterial cells in a G. vaginalis preformed biofilm. Furthermore, S. cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 strongly potentiates the metronidazole effect on G. vaginalis biofilm viability. These results suggest that S. cerevisiae CNCM I-3856 as well as L. rhamnosus GG could be potential novel therapeutic agents against bacterial vaginosis.
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46

Melander, Roberta J., Akash K. Basak, and Christian Melander. "Natural products as inspiration for the development of bacterial antibiofilm agents." Natural Product Reports 37, no. 11 (2020): 1454–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0np00022a.

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Synthetic and medicinal chemistry are important tools in the development of more potent, more accessible, or more pharmacologically favorable derivatives of anti-biofilm natural products, in addition to facilitating structure confirmation and understanding of mechanistic pathways.
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47

Kart, Didem, Tuba Reçber, Emirhan Nemutlu, and Meral Sagiroglu. "Sub-Inhibitory Concentrations of Ciprofloxacin Alone and Combinations with Plant-Derived Compounds against P. aeruginosa Biofilms and Their Effects on the Metabolomic Profile of P. aeruginosa Biofilms." Antibiotics 10, no. 4 (April 9, 2021): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10040414.

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Introduction: Alternative anti-biofilm agents are needed to combat Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. The mechanisms behind these new agents also need to be revealed at a molecular level. Materials and methods: The anti-biofilm effects of 10 plant-derived compounds on P. aeruginosa biofilms were investigated using minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) and virulence assays. The effects of ciprofloxacin and compound combinations on P. aeruginosa in mono and triple biofilms were compared. A metabolomic approach and qRT-PCR were applied to the biofilms treated with ciprofloxacin in combination with baicalein, esculin hydrate, curcumin, and cinnamaldehyde at sub-minimal biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) concentrations to highlight the specific metabolic shifts between the biofilms and to determine the quorum sensing gene expressions, respectively. Results: The combinations of ciprofloxacin with curcumin, baicalein, esculetin, and cinnamaldehyde showed more reduced MBICs than ciprofloxacin alone. The quorum sensing genes were downregulated in the presence of curcumin and cinnamaldehyde, while upregulated in the presence of baicalein and esculin hydrate rather than for ciprofloxacin alone. The combinations exhibited different killing effects on P. aeruginosa in mono and triple biofilms without affecting its virulence. The findings of the decreased metabolite levels related to pyrimidine and lipopolysaccharide synthesis and to down-regulated alginate and lasI expressions strongly indicate the role of multifactorial mechanisms for curcumin-mediated P. aeruginosa growth inhibition. Conclusions: The use of curcumin, baicalein, esculetin, and cinnamaldehyde with ciprofloxacin will help fight against P. aeruginosa biofilms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind to define the effect of plant-based compounds as possible anti-biofilm agents with low MBICs for the treatment of P. aeruginosa biofilms through metabolomic pathways.
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48

Malathi, S., and K. Jagathy. "In vivo synergistic antibiofilm activity of Curcumin Silver Nanoparticles against UTI causing colistin resistance E.coli." Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 26, no. 1 (December 25, 2021): 53–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/2601rjce5357.

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Biofilm resilence has become a serious issue in the treatment of urinary tract infection leading to the resistance to various antibiotics. There is a rapid need to develop new antibacterial agents or amalgamation drug therapies. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used as an anti-biofilm agent for the treatment of urinary tract infections. Meanwhile curcumin, a phenolic plant extract is also acting as natural anti-biofilm agent. The objective of this study was to analyse the amalgamation of AgNPs and curcumin nanoparticles (Cur-NPs) against gram-negative E.coli at 100 μg/mL. This disrupted 50% of established bacterial biofilms. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) revealed that amalgamation therapy (Cur-SNPs) was the most vigorous to destruct preformed biofilm.
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49

Kumar, V. Vinod, Lowrence Rene Christena, P. Praveen, Meenakshi Sundaram Muthuraman, Nagarajan Saisubramanian, and Savarimuthu Philip Anthony. "L-Methionine based phenolic compound mediates unusual assembly of AgNPs and exerts efficient anti-biofilm effect." RSC Advances 6, no. 51 (2016): 45716–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra06806e.

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50

Darakhshandeh-Ghahfarokhi, Golnar, Maryam Mohammadi-Sichani, and Majid Tavakoli. "Chemical Composition and Antibacterial and Anti-biofilm Activity of Acetone Extract of Pistacia atlantica Leaf, Fruit, and Gall." Hormozgan Medical Journal 25, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/hmj.2021.03.

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Background: Bacterial infectious diseases caused by antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation agents are one of the most important challenges researchers and doctors face. Therefore, many studies have been done on medicinal plants to find phytochemical antibacterial and anti-biofilm agents. Objectives: In this study, the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities of the acetone and aqueous extract of Pistacia atlantica leaf, fruit, and gall were evaluated against some bacteria. Methods: The leaves, fruits, and galls of P. atlantica were collected from the forests of Lorestan province, Iran. Antibacterial effects of extracts were studied by well diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. Microdilution method was used to evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of extracts. Anti-biofilm activity of acetone and aqueous extracts in sub-lethal concentration was investigated by crystal violet-stained microtiter method. Results: Acetone extract of P. atlantica had significant antibacterial effects against tested bacteria except for E. coli. There was a significant relationship between antibacterial activity and extract concentration (P<0.05). The minimum inhibitory concentration of acetone and aqueous extract of leaf, fruit, and galls ranged from 3-12.5 mg/mL. The acetone extract of P. atlantica galls had a high inhibitory effect on S. aureus and P. aeruginosa biofilm formation at a concentration of 12.5 and 25.0 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusions: The gall extracts of P. atlantica have a significant inhibitory effect against bacteria, which is probably related to certain active compounds. These extracts inhibited biofilm formation of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.
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