Academic literature on the topic 'Anti-bacterial assay'
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Journal articles on the topic "Anti-bacterial assay"
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Pradheeba, M., M. Pugalenthi, M. A. Deepa, S. Vishnu Kumar, and G. Vasukipridharshini. "Evaluation of Phytochemical Profile and In Vitro Antioxidant, Anti-bacterial and Anti-inflammatory activity of Piper schmidtii Hook. fil. A Wild Edible Fruit." Asian Pacific Journal of Health Sciences 9, no. 3 (April 16, 2022): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/apjhs.2022.9.3.39.
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Aim: The present study aims at screening the phytochemical components and evaluates the antioxidant, anti-bacterial, and anti-inflammatory activity of fruit of Piper schmidtii, an endemic plant species from The Nilgiris, Tamil Nadu. Materials and Method: The different polar solvents such as petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water were used and extraction was carried out using the soxhlet apparatus. The extracts were screened for qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis. The extracts of P. schmidtii were also subjected to in vitro-antioxidant activity by DPPH assay, Phosphomolybdenum assay, Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), superoxide radical scavenging activity, and reducing power assay. Results: Among all the extracts, methanol extract exhibited the maximum amount of phenolics (731.91 mg GAE/g extract), tannin (726.6 milligrams of Gallic acid equivalent/g extract), and ethyl acetate extract depicted the maximum quantity of flavonoids (698.17 mg QE/g extract). Methanol extract of P. schmidtii revealed the higher antioxidant activity in all the assays with IC50 values of 15.19 μg/ml (DPPH), 135.67 mg AAE/g (Phosphomolybdenum assay), 380.98 mM Fe/mg (FRAP), 60.94% (Superoxide) and higher reducing power was depicted in the ethyl acetate extract, respectively. Further anti-bacterial activity revealed that the methanol extract shows highest inhibitory activity against the tested bacterial pathogens. The methanol extract showed high degree of inhibition (71.24%) in anti-inflammatory assay. Conclusion: Thus, the result support that P. schmidtii is a potential source of natural antioxidant that can inhibit bacterial growth and subside inflammation.
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Chakraborty, Rajdeep, Charbel Darido, Honghua Hu, Karen Vickery, and Shoba Ranganathan. "A novel drug combination strategy that redesigns the pharmacological management of oral cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 16_suppl (June 1, 2022): e18053-e18053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.e18053.
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e18053 Background: Biofilm formation is a continuous process in oral cancer patients, despite proper extirpation/elimination of a bacterial plaque via a surgical procedure or antibiotic treatment. Also, elimination of a bacterial plaque does not necessarily remove extant bacterial antigen-stimulated oral cancer cells. Therefore, combination drug treatment may be an appropriate approach to elucidate the confounding effects of bacterial antigens on anti-cancer drugs. Methods: Our drug combination strategy addressed both Gram-positive (Lipoteichoic acid [LTA]) and Gram-negative (Lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) bacterial antigens, to determine the effect of anti-cancer drugs on LPS/LTA/LPS+LTA-stimulated preclinical oral cancer models (SCC4, SCC9, SCC25, and Cal 27). The drug combination strategy was designed in six phases of treatment. In phase 1, plated cells were treated with different combinations of bacterial antigens in combination with anti-cancer drugs. In the phases 2 and 3, inhibitory drugs were introduced in the presence of bacterial antigens after 24 hours and 72 hours of bacterial antigen stimulation. In phases 4 and 5, inhibitory drugs were added after 24 hours and 72 hours of bacterial antigen stimulation. In phase 6, inhibitory drugs were applied in the absence of, and without stimulation with, bacterial antigens. Metabolic assays, reverse transcription quantitative PCR, Western blot, Proteome Profiler, apoptotic and ELISA assays were performed to validate the novel drug combination strategy. Results: Anti-cancer drug treatment on preclinical oral cancer models resulted in 43.6% ± 3.3% of precancerous models being apoptotic. To mimic pre-existing unhygenic conditions in oral cancer patients, prior stimulation of preclinical model with LPS+LTA 72 hours before drug treatment, reduced apoptosis to 32.2% ± 1.1% of cells. Apoptosis was almost annulled (2.98% ± 0.3%; p < 0.01) when drug treatment was carried out along with bacterial antigens. Treatment with drugs in the absence of bacterial antigens resulted in significantly more apoptotic cells than in presence of bacterial antigens (p < 0.0001). Metabolic and viability assay showed similar results like apoptotic assay. Conclusions: Bacterial antigens mimic the presence of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and thus severely affect the efficacy of anti-cancer drugs. The novel drug combination strategy redesigns the pharmacological management of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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S, Sarah, and Shanmugharaju , V. "Bacterial Protease Inhibitors as Antibacterial agents to prevent Bacterial Infections Associated with Biofilms." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 10 (October 9, 2021): 398–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/10730.
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Isolation of protease inhibitor producing bacteria from microbial mat and investigating its anti-biofilm potential against biofilm producing organism was selected as the main objective of the present study. Protease inhibitor (PI) was produced from bacterial isolates and purified using ammonium sulphate precipitation methods. Primary and secondary protease inhibitor assay was carried out separately to confirm the inhibition of protease enzyme activity both qualitatively and quantitatively. Antibacterial activity and anti-biofilm assay was performed to determine the biofilm prevention capabilities of PI. Three isolates (B1PI, B2PI and B3PI) were screened and B2PI bacterial culture was selected based on the results of primary and secondary protease inhibitor assay. Maximum trypsin inhibition of 77.5±0.25% was recorded for the isolate B2PI. Antibacterial activity of the B2PI protease inhibitor fractions exhibited inhibitory zones of 22.3±1.04mm and 20.2±0.25mm against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus respectively. Anti-biofilm assay of protease inhibitor fractions expressed 31.2μl/ml of MBIC against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The results conclude that, the protease inhibitor from the microbial mat isolate will be an effective alternative to the commercial antibiotics either alone or in combination with other drugs synergistically which shall be studied elaborately in future.
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O. Elansary, Hosam, Agnieszka Szopa, Marta Klimek-Szczykutowicz, Karolina Jafernik, Halina Ekiert, Eman A. Mahmoud, Ahmed Abdelmoneim Barakat, and Diaa O. El-Ansary. "Mammillaria Species—Polyphenols Studies and Anti-Cancer, Anti-Oxidant, and Anti-Bacterial Activities." Molecules 25, no. 1 (December 29, 2019): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25010131.
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Discovering new natural resources of polyphenols is the aim of many recent studies in the field of natural product research. This study tentatively investigated the polyphenols profile of the stems of seven Mammillaria species (M. rhodantha, M. spinosissima, M. hahniana, M. crucigera, M. candida, M. albilanata, and M. muehlenpfordtii) using high performance liquid chromatography with DAD detector (HPLC-DAD) method. Furthermore, the anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, and anti-bacterial potentials of these extracts as well as major identified phenols were explored. The HPLC-DAD study confirmed the availability of six phenolic acids, including gentisic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid, sinapic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid. The dominant compounds were: gentisic acid in M. rhodantha and M. spinosissima; chlorogenic acid in M. muehlenpfordtii, M. crucigera, and M. rhodantha; and caffeic acid in M. rhodantha, M. crucigera, and M. spinosissima. Stems of Mammillaria sp. showed antiproliferative effects against HeLa, MCF-7, and Jurkat cells. In HeLa and MCF-7 cells, the best antiproliferative activities were found in the treatments with M. rhodantha, M. spinosissima, and M. muehlenpfordtii. The apoptotic assay of M. rhodantha, M. spinosissima, and M. muehlenpfordtii showed accumulation of necrotic cells in the early and late apoptotic phase. M. rhodantha, M. spinosissima, and M. muehlenpfordtii showed the highest anti-oxidant activities using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), β-carotene bleaching, and ferric reducing anti-oxidant power (FRAP) assays. M. rhodantha was the best source of antioxidants. Mammillaria sp. showed moderate anti-bacterial effects against bacteria and the highest effects were found using the extracts of M. rhodantha, M. spinosissima, M. crucigera and M. muehlenpfordtii against most bacteria. The anti-bacterial activities were attributed to other phenolic compounds (e.g., chlorogenic acid) than gentisic acid, which was not active against most bacteria. Mammillaria sp. could be considered to be an important natural source of phenolic acids with anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, and anti-oxidant activities.
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Nofiani, Risa, Rizky Rizky, and Ridho Brilliantoro. "Antibacterial Activities and Toxicity of Streptosporangium sp. SM1P." Molekul 16, no. 3 (November 15, 2021): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2021.16.3.780.
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This study aims to explore the anti-bacterial and toxicity activities from a rare actinobacterium isolated from mangrove, Mempawah District, West Kalimantan. The mangrove mud sample from Mempawah district was inoculated on ISP4 agar using a pour plate method. After 4 days of incubation, a colony of suspected actinobacterium was appeared, then isolated and coded as SM1P. SM1P was characterized based on morphological and biochemical traits and identified as a genus of Streptroporangium then called Streptroporangium sp. SM1P. Streptroporangium sp. SM1P was carried out anti-bacterial assay on both ISP1 agar and ISP4 agar media using the cross-streak method for the solid-state fermentation. The result showed that Streptroporangium sp. SM1P could inhibit Streptococcus sp. and Salmonella typhi on ISP1 agar and treptococcus sp., Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi on ISP4 agar. Streptroporangium sp. SM1P was cultivated on ISP1 broth and extracted using ethyl acetate, then evaporated to obtain crude extract. The crude extract was used for anti-bacterial assay (well-diffusion method for liquid-state fermentation) and toxicity assay (brine shrimp lethality test). The crude extract was active against 2 of the test bacteria (Streptococcus sp. and E. coli). The best medium and state fermentation for anti-bacterial assay were ISP4 agar with the condition of solid-state fermentation. The extract SM1P prepared on ISP1 broth showed toxic activity based on LC50 (106.094 µg/mL). Therefore, Streptroporangium sp. SM1P have a potential source to explore secondary metabolites having anti-bacterial and toxicity activities.
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Al-Jubouri, A. K., N. H. Al-Saadi, and M. A. Kadhim. "ANTI- INFLAMMATORY AND ANTI- BACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF COPPER NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED FROM MYRTUS COMMUNIS LEAVES EXTRACT." IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 53, no. 3 (June 29, 2022): 698–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v53i3.1580.
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A variety of organisms, including plants and bacteria, fungi, seaweeds, and microalgae, are involved in the biological synthesis of nanoparticles. Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) can be synthesized using plant extracts, which is considered to be one of the safest methods in green chemistry. Copper-NPs were synthesized from the leaves of M. communis, which were extracted with water. The first indication that CuNPs have been synthesized is the change in color of the solution from light yellow to dark brown. Several different techniques were used to characterize CuNPs. The Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) of the nanoparticles in the range of 300 to 700 nm was investigated using ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis), and the Fourier Transforming Infrared analysis (FT-IR) was used to identify functional groups in biomolecules that act as a reducing and capping agent for NPs. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of CuNPs revealed that they are crystalline. In this study, the size and surface properties of biosynthesized nanoparticles were determined using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Copper-NPs had an average size of 53.55 nm, according to the results. In this study, the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory activity of CuNPs and extract were investigated. The antibacterial activity of CuNPs and M. communis extract was evaluated against Gram-negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, and Lactobacillus salivarins). Zone inhibition of up to 25 mm was observed in Staphylococcus aureus when the extract concentration was 100000 µg/mL. At various concentrations, the anti-inflammatory activity of both the extract and the CuNPs was assessed in vitro using the assays (albumin denaturation assay, membrane stabilization assay, and proteinase inhibitory activity). According to the findings, CuNPs demonstrated a significant anti-inflammatory activity when compared to a standard drug.
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Pattni, Ramesh, Hitesh Kumarkhaniya, Bharat Maitreya, and Nainesh Modi. "PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS, ANTI-OXIDANT ACTIVITY AND ANTI-BACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SALVADORA OLEOIDES L." International Association of Biologicals and Computational Digest 2, no. 1 (May 14, 2023): 183–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.56588/iabcd.v2i1.127.
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Salvadora oleoides L. is a facultative and mesomorphic xerophyte adapted to arid and semi-arid regions. It is commonly known as meetha jal in Gujarat and Rajasthan. These plant species populations were grown in different ecological regions such as Punjab, Rajasthan, and Kutch. The present study analyzed the presence of secondary metabolites and also their amount. The anti-oxidant assay such as DPPH and ABTS determine the reducing agent which is present in plant. Anti-bacterial activity checked against the pseudomonas bacteria is 5 mm (Zone of inhibition) at concentration of 1 mg/ml.
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Said, Bibie, Loveness Charlie, Emnet Getachew, Catherine Lydiah Wanjiru, Mekdelawit Abebe, and Tsegahun Manyazewal. "Molecular bacterial load assay versus culture for monitoring treatment response in adults with tuberculosis." SAGE Open Medicine 9 (January 2021): 205031212110334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20503121211033470.
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The lack of rapid, sensitive, and deployable tuberculosis diagnostic tools is hampering the early diagnosis of tuberculosis and early detection of treatment failures. The conventional sputum smear microscopy or Xpert MTB/RIF assay cannot distinguish between alive and dead bacilli and the culture method delays providing results. Tuberculosis molecular bacterial load assay is a reverse transcriptase real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction that quantifies viable tuberculosis bacillary load as a marker of treatment response for patients on anti-tuberculosis therapy. However, results are not synthesized enough to inform its comparative advantage to tuberculosis culture technique which is yet the gold standard of care. With this review, we searched electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science, from March 2011 up to February 2021 for clinical trials or prospective cohort studies that compared tuberculosis molecular bacterial load assay with tuberculosis culture in adults. We included eight studies that meet the inclusion criteria. Tuberculosis molecular bacterial load assay surpasses culture in monitoring patients with tuberculosis during the first few weeks of anti-tuberculosis treatment. It is more desirable over culture for its shorter time to results, almost zero rates of contamination, need for less expertise on the method, early rate of decline, lower running cost, and reproducibility. Its rapid and specific tuberculosis treatment monitoring competency benefits patients and healthcare providers to monitor changes of bacillary load among isolates with drug-susceptible or resistance to anti-tuberculosis regimens. Despite of the high installing cost of the tuberculosis molecular bacterial load assay method, molecular expertise, and a well-equipped laboratory, tuberculosis molecular bacterial load assay is a cost-effective method with comparison to culture in operational running. To achieve maximum utility in high tuberculosis burden settings, an intensive initial investment in nucleic acid extraction and polymerase chain reaction equipment, training in procedures, and streamlining laboratory supply procurement systems are crucial. More evidence is needed to demonstrate the potential large-scale and sustainable use of tuberculosis molecular bacterial load assay over culture in resource-constrained settings.
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Emrich, Stefanie, Anja Schuster, Thomas Schnabel, and Gertie Janneke Oostingh. "Antimicrobial Activity and Wound-Healing Capacity of Birch, Beech and Larch Bark Extracts." Molecules 27, no. 9 (April 28, 2022): 2817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27092817.
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Bark is a major by-product of woodworking industries. The contents of several wood species are known to harbor antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and wound-healing capacities. The aim of this work was to identify beneficial properties of Austrian larch, birch and beech bark extracts for their potential usage as additives or active ingredients in dermatological applications. Bacterial agar diffusion assay and resazurin-based broth microdilution assay were used to evaluate anti-bacterial activity. To gain more insight into the cellular response to bark extracts, viability-, scratch-assays and ELISAs were performed. Birch and beech extracts showed strong antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive bacteria, including Cutibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis and MRSA. Wound closure was enhanced with birch and beech extracts as compared to controls in the scratch-assays. Whereas beneficial properties of birch bark components have previously been described, the similar effects of beech extracts are novel. The combined positive effect on wound-healing and antimicrobial activity has great potential for the treatment of various skin diseases, including acne in future dermal applications.
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Sheu, Shew-Meei, Bor-Shyang Sheu, Hsiao-Bai Yang, Huan-Yao Lei, and Jiunn-Jong Wu. "Anti-Lewis X Antibody Promotes Helicobacter pylori Adhesion to Gastric Epithelial Cells." Infection and Immunity 75, no. 6 (March 19, 2007): 2661–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01689-06.
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ABSTRACT Lewis X (Lex) antigen is expressed on the human gastric mucosa and the O-specific chain of lipopolysaccharides of Helicobacter pylori. This antigen can induce autoantibodies, which may be involved in bacterial colonization and thus deserve further investigation. Flow cytometry was used to examine the effects of anti-Le monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) on H. pylori adhesion. A babA2 mutant was also constructed to evaluate the effect of an anti-Lex MAb on adhesion. The bacterial agglutination and in situ adhesion assays were used to confirm the anti-Lex MAb effect on H. pylori adhesion. This study revealed that an anti-Lex MAb, but not an anti-Leb MAb or an anti-Ley MAb, could enhance the adhesion of H. pylori strains that expressed high levels of Lex antigen to AGS cells. The enhancement was not found on an H. pylori strain with a low level of Lex antigen. Anti-Lex MAb could increase the adhesion of both the wild-type strain and its isogenic babA2 mutant to AGS cells. When AGS cells were pretreated with anti-Lex MAb, the adhesion of the babA2 mutant also increased. Only anti-Lex MAb could promote bacterial agglutination, and the in situ adhesion assay further confirmed that adding anti-Lex MAb resulted in denser bacterial adhesion on the gastric epithelia collected from clinical patients. These results suggest anti-Lex MAb could specifically enhance the adhesion abilities of H. pylori strains through a mechanism by which anti-Lex MAb promotes bacterial aggregation and mediates bivalent interaction (antigen-antibody-antigen) between bacteria and host cells.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Anti-bacterial assay"
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Wheeldon, Thục-Uyên. "Management of Helicobacter pylori infection in Vietnam /." Stockholm, 2004. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2004/91-7349-876-9/.
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Peigneguy, Fanny. "Synthèses et Caractérisations de Glucides Électrostimulables pour des Applications Antifouling." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Angers, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ANGE0073.
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Les biosalissures marines représentent l’accumulation indésirable d’organismes biologiques sur les surfaces de structures immergées dans l’eau de mer. Malheureusement, ce phénomène naturel a de sérieuses conséquences sur les plans économiques, environnementaux et matériels. Depuis l’interdiction de certains biocides dans les peintures antisalissures (en particulier le TBT en janvier 2008) à cause de leur toxicité envers des espèces marines non-ciblées et de leur accumulation dans l’environnement marin, la recherche a mis l’accent sur le développement de nouveaux revêtements antifouling efficaces,durables et respectueux de l’environnement sans relargage d’espèces toxiques. Ainsi, les travaux de cette thèse portent sur la fonctionnalisation de carbone vitreux par des glucides reliés à des systèmes conjugués électrostimulables via un lien triazole pour développer des surfaces à activité antifouling. En effet, ce type de revêtement a été conçu pour intervenir dans les premières étapes du biofouling. Tout d’abord, le glucide, très hydrophile, devrait lutter contre la formation du film conditionnant en s’entourant d’une barrière aqueuse résistante aux protéines. D’autre part, la modification de l’état de charge de la surface en continu par application d’un courant électrique sur le système conjugué électro-actif devrait perturber la colonisation bactérienneretardant l’installation du biofilm marin. Notre étude repose donc sur la synthèse et l’immobilisation d’un ensemble de glucides électrostimulables sur une surface de carbone vitreux par oxydation de l’amine aromatique en milieux organiques et aqueux. Un test microbiologique a été réalisé sur un des revêtements glucidiques en présence de la souche bactérienne TC8 dans les puits d’une microplaque contenant des cellules électrochimiques reliées à un potentiostat. La stimulation électrique de ce revêtement a permis d’améliorer ses propriétés antibactériennesMarine biofouling represents the undesirable accumulation of biological organisms on the surfaces of structures submerged in seawater. Unfortunately, this natural phenomenon has serious economic, environmental and material consequences. Since the ban of some biocides in antifouling paints (TBT in January 2008) because of their toxicity on the nontargeted marine species and their accumulation in the marine environment, research has focused on the development of new efficient, durable and environmentally friendly antifouling coatings without releasing toxic species. Thus, the work of this thesis deal with the functionalization of glassy carbon surface by carbohydrates linked to an electrostimulable conjugated system via a triazole link in order to develop surfaces with antifouling activity. Indeed, this kind of coating was designed to intervene in the first steps of biofouling. First, the carbohydrate, which is very hydrophilic, should fight against the formation of the conditioning film by surronding itself with an aqueous barrier resistant to proteins. On the other hand, the continuous modification of charge state by applying an electric current to the electroactive conjugated system is expected to disrupt the bacterial colonization delaying the installation of marine biofilm. Our study is therefore based on the synthesis and the immobilization of electrostimulable carbohydrates on a glassy carbon surface by aromatic amine oxidation in organic and aqueous media. A microbiological test was carried out on one of the carbohydrate coatings in the presence of the TC8 bacterial strain in the wells of a microplate containing electrochemical cells connected to a potentiostat. Electrical stimulation of this coating allowed to improve its antibacterial properties
Book chapters on the topic "Anti-bacterial assay"
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Elwell, L. P., L. M. Walton, J. M. Besterman, and A. Hudson. "Use of an In Vitro DNA Strand-Breakage Assay to Monitor Compound Interactions with DNA Gyrase." In The 4-Quinolones: Anti Bacterial Agents in Vitro, 87–102. London: Springer London, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3449-7_7.
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Cappiello, Floriana, Bruno Casciaro, Satya Sree Kolar, Hasna Baidouri, Alison M. McDermott, and Maria Luisa Mangoni. "Methods for In Vitro Analysis of Antimicrobial Activity and Toxicity of Anti-keratitis Peptides: Bacterial Viability in Tears, MTT, and TNF-α Release Assays." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 395–409. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6737-7_29.
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