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Journal articles on the topic 'Anthrosol'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 May 2024

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1

Fan, Changhua, Hao Chen, Bo Li, and Zhengqin Xiong. "Biochar reduces yield-scaled emissions of reactive nitrogen gases from vegetable soils across China." Biogeosciences 14, no. 11 (June 13, 2017): 2851–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2851-2017.

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Abstract. Biochar amendment to soil has been proposed as a strategy for sequestering carbon, mitigating climate change and enhancing crop productivity. However, few studies have compared the general effect of different feedstock-derived biochars on the various gaseous reactive nitrogen emissions (GNrEs) of N2O, NO and NH3 simultaneously across the typical vegetable soils in China. A greenhouse pot experiment with five consecutive vegetable crops was conducted to investigate the effects of two contrasting biochars, namely wheat straw biochar (Bw) and swine manure biochar (Bm) on GNrEs, vegetable yield and gaseous reactive nitrogen intensity (GNrI) in four typical soils which are representative of the intensive vegetable cropping systems across mainland China: an Acrisol from Hunan Province, an Anthrosol from Shanxi Province, a Cambisol from Shandong Province and a Phaeozem from Heilongjiang Province. Results showed that remarkable GNrE mitigation induced by biochar occurred in Anthrosol and Phaeozem, whereas enhancement of yield occurred in Cambisol and Phaeozem. Additionally, both biochars decreased GNrI through reducing N2O and NO emissions by 36.4–59.1 and 37.0–49.5 % for Bw (except for Cambisol), respectively, and by improving yield by 13.5–30.5 % for Bm (except for Acrisol and Anthrosol). Biochar amendments generally stimulated the NH3 emissions with greater enhancement from Bm than Bw. We can infer that the biochar's effects on the GNrEs and vegetable yield strongly depend on the attributes of the soil and biochar. Therefore, in order to achieve the maximum benefits under intensive greenhouse vegetable agriculture, both soil type and biochar characteristics should be seriously considered before conducting large-scale biochar applications.

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2

Gocke, Martina I., Fabian Kessler, Jan M. van Mourik, Boris Jansen, and Guido L. B. Wiesenberg. "Paleosols can promote root growth of recent vegetation – a case study from the sandy soil–sediment sequence Rakt, the Netherlands." SOIL 2, no. 4 (October 21, 2016): 537–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-2-537-2016.

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Abstract. Soil studies commonly comprise the uppermost meter for tracing, e.g., soil development. However, the maximum rooting depth of various plants significantly exceeds this depth. We hypothesized that deeper parts of the soil, soil parent material and especially paleosols provide beneficial conditions in terms of, e.g., nutrient contents, thus supporting their utilization and exploitation by deep roots. We aimed to decipher the different phases of soil formation in Dutch drift sands and cover sands. The study site is located at Bedafse Bergen (southeastern Netherlands) in a 200-year-old oak stand. A recent Podzol developed on drift sand covering a Plaggic Anthrosol that was piled up on a relict Podzol on Late Glacial eolian cover sand. Root-free soil and sediment samples, collected in 10–15 cm depth increments, were subjected to a multi-proxy physical and geochemical approach. The Plaggic Anthrosol revealed low bulk density and high phosphorous and organic carbon contents, whereas the relict Podzol was characterized by high iron and aluminum contents. Frequencies of fine (diameter ≤ 2 mm) and medium roots (2–5 mm) were determined on horizontal levels and the profile wall for a detailed pseudo-three-dimensional insight. On horizontal levels, living roots were most abundant in the uppermost part of the relict Podzol with ca. 4450 and 220 m−2, significantly exceeding topsoil root abundances. Roots of oak trees thus benefited from the favorable growth conditions in the nutrient-rich Plaggic Anthrosol, whereas increased compactness and high aluminum contents of the relict Podzol caused a strong decrease of roots. The approach demonstrated the benefit of comprehensive root investigation to support interpretation of soil profiles, as fine roots can be significantly underestimated when quantified at the profile wall. The possible rooting of soil parent material and paleosols long after their burial confirmed recent studies on the potential influence of rooting to overprint sediment–(paleo)soil sequences of various ages, sedimentary and climatic settings. Potential consequences of deep rooting for terrestrial deep carbon stocks, located to a relevant part in paleosols, remain largely unknown and require further investigation.

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3

Gocke, M. I., F. Kessler, J. M. van Mourik, B. Jansen, and G. L. B. Wiesenberg. "Paleosols can promote root growth of the recent vegetation – a case study from the sandy soil-sediment sequence Rakt, the Netherlands." SOIL Discussions 2, no. 2 (December 14, 2015): 1273–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soild-2-1273-2015.

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Abstract. Soil studies commonly comprise the uppermost meter for tracing e.g. soil development. However, the maximum rooting depth of various plants significantly exceeds this depth. We hypothesized that deeper parts of the soil, soil parent material and especially paleosols provide beneficial conditions in terms of e.g. nutrient contents, thus supporting their utilization and exploitation by deep roots. We aimed to decipher the different phases of soil formation in Dutch drift- and coversands. The study site is located at Bedafse Bergen (SE Netherlands) in a 200 year old oak stand. A recent Podzol developed on driftsand covering a Plaggic Anthrosol that established in a relict Podzol on Late Glacial eolian coversand. Root-free soil and sediment samples, collected in 10–15 cm depth increments, were subjected to a multi-proxy physical and geochemical approach. The Plaggic Anthrosol revealed low bulk density and high phosphorous and organic carbon contents, whereas the relict Podzol was characterized by high iron and aluminum contents. Frequencies of fine (≤ 2 mm) and medium roots (2–5 mm) were determined on horizontal levels and the profile wall for a detailed pseudo-three-dimensional insight. On horizontal levels, living roots maximized in the uppermost part of the relict Podzol with ca. 4450 and 220 m-2, significantly exceeding topsoil root abundances. Roots of oak trees thus benefited from the favorable growth conditions in the nutrient-rich Plaggic Anthrosol, whereas increased compactness and high aluminum contents of the relict Podzol caused a strong decrease of roots. The approach demonstrated the benefit of comprehensive root investigation to support and explain pedogenic investigations of soil profiles, as fine roots can be significantly underestimated when quantified at the profile wall. The possible rooting of soil parent material and paleosols long after their burial confirmed recent studies on the potential influence of rooting to overprint sediment-(paleo)soil sequences of various ages, sedimentary and climatic settings. Potential consequences of deep rooting for terrestrial deep carbon stocks, located to a relevant part in paleosols, remain largely unknown and require further investigation.

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4

LU, Sheng-Gao, Fang-Fang SUN, and Yu-Tong ZONG. "Occurrence, Structure and Mineral Phases of Nanoparticles in an Anthrosol." Pedosphere 23, no. 3 (June 2013): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1002-0160(13)60016-8.

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5

Bokhorst, M. P., G. A. T. Duller, and J. M. Van Mourik. "Optical dating of a Fimic Anthrosol in the southern Netherlands." Journal of Archaeological Science 32, no. 4 (April 2005): 547–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2003.11.011.

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6

Domokos, Erzsébet, Béla Bíró-Janka, János Bálint, Katalin Molnár, Csaba Fazakas, László Jakab-Farkas, József Domokos, Csilla Albert, Gyöngyvér Mara, and Adalbert Balog. "Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Rhizophagus irregularis Influences Artemisia annua Plant Parameters and Artemisinin Content under Different Soil Types and Cultivation Methods." Microorganisms 8, no. 6 (June 15, 2020): 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8060899.

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Artemisinin extracted from Artemisia annua has been used efficiently in malaria treatment since 2005. In this study, the variations in plant parameters (plant biomass, glandular trichome density, essential oil total chemical content, artemisinin production, and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity) were tested under different soil types (Luvisol, Gleysol, Anthrosol and sterile peat) and cultivation conditions (potted plants in semi-open field, and open field experiments) for plants inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) Rizophagus irregularis. Under semi-open field conditions, the AMF colonization of A. annua plant roots varied, and presented the highest percentage in Luvisol and sterile peat. The increase in the root colonization rate positively influenced some plant parameters (biomass, glandular trichome density, artemisinin concentration, essential oil quantity and composition), but no effects on PPO enzyme activity were detected. AMF fungus R. irregularis significantly increased the artemisinin content and essential oil yield of plants cultivated in Luvisol, Gleysol, Anthrosol and in peat. These soil types can offer appropriate conditions for A. annua cultivation and artemisinin production even on a smaller scale. Under open field conditions, low (about 5%) AMF colonization was observed. No differences in artemisin contents were detected, but essential oil yield significantly increased compared to control plants. AMF treatment increased beta-farnesene and germacrene D concentrations in Artemisia plants in the open field experiment.

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Schaefer, C. E. G. R., H. N. Lima, R. J. Gilkes, and J. W. V. Mello. "Micromorphology and electron microprobe analysis of phosphorus and potassium forms of an Indian Black Earth (IBE) Anthrosol from Western Amazonia." Soil Research 42, no. 4 (2004): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr03106.

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The Indian black earth (IBE) anthrosols (Terra Preta) overlying deep weathered kaolinitic soils of Western Amazonia represent one of the most interesting features of the Amazon Basin, with broad implications to human ecology. We studied one IBE site, in particular the chemical composition and forms of phosphate and potassium, micropedological attributes, and their ecological implications. In the IBE anthrosol, high levels of available P were due to the presence of comminuted fish and animal bone apatite. Flakes of 2 : 1 layer silicates rich in K occurred in pottery remains in the IBE, indicating that they were manufactured from neighbouring 'Várzea' soils. Amazon 'Várzea' environs were the only source of the soil material for pottery, since K-rich 2 : 1 minerals are not present in Terra Firme kaolinitic sediments. High available and total P contents of IBE were related to abundant, very small particles (5–60 μm) of Ca-P and Al-P forms, resolved by s.e.m./EDS at very high magnification. These features originated in animal bones and fish spines that have chemically altered in the soil environment. Earthworm and other biological channels exhibited high Al/P contents, due to apatite ingestion, comminution, and alteration. In transitional horizons, abundant secondary Al/P was present in biological channels, indicating intense biological activity down to 1.5 m. In deeper B horizons, apatite fragments are rare. Charcoal residues of incompletely combusted wood are widespread down to the B horizon. No spatial or concentration relationships exist between P and total free-iron in the soil.

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8

Vasilchenko, Anastasia V., and Alexey S. Vasilchenko. "Plaggic anthrosol in modern research: Genesis, properties and carbon sequestration potential." CATENA 234 (January 2024): 107626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2023.107626.

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9

Zheng, Xiaomei, Xiao Yan, Guobing Qin, Rongwei Zhou, Jianfu Wu, and Zongqiang Wei. "Soil acidification and phosphorus enrichment enhanced silicon mobility in a Hydragric Anthrosol." Journal of Soils and Sediments 21, no. 9 (July 9, 2021): 3107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-021-03017-7.

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10

Han, Yan, Fenglian Lv, Xiaoding Lin, Caiyun Zhang, Benhua Sun, Xueyun Yang, and Shulan Zhang. "Crop Yield and Nutrient Efficiency under Organic Manure Substitution Fertilizer in a Double Cropping System: A 6-Year Field Experiment on an Anthrosol." Agronomy 12, no. 9 (August 27, 2022): 2047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12092047.

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The combination of organic manure and inorganic fertilizer plays a role in increasing crop yield and nutrient efficiency, but such effectiveness varies with crop, soil, management, and climate. Here, a 6-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of substituting organic manure with inorganic fertilizer on crop yield, grain protein content, and nitrogen and phosphorus efficiency under a winter wheat-summer maize cropping system on Anthrosol. Five treatments were included: recommended nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizers (NPK), 75% NPK + 25% organic manure (M), 50% NPK + 50% M, 25% NPK + 75% M, and 100% M, respectively. Wheat, maize, and annual yield were 1643–8438 kg ha−1, 4847–11,104 kg ha−1, and 10,007–17,496 kg ha−1. Organic manure treatments produced the same crop yield as NPK treatment except for 100% M. Grain protein content of wheat and maize was 7.9–15.1% and 5.6–12.6%. Organic manure treatments yielded significantly lower wheat grain protein content but had no significant effect on maize grain protein content relative to NPK treatment. Nitrogen uptake efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency at the cropping system level were 0.67–1.16 and 35.7–60.5 kg kg−1. Phosphorus uptake efficiency and phosphorus use efficiency were 0.28–0.75 and 167–531 kg kg−1. Compared with NPK treatment, 50% M, 75% M, and 100% M improved nitrogen use efficiency but decreased nitrogen uptake efficiency and phosphorus efficiencies. Annual N and P budgets were −1.3–79.1 kg ha−1 a−1 and 25.6–100.1 kg ha−1a−1, and both increased with the increase in organic manure input. Based on crop yield, grain protein content, nitrogen, and phosphorus efficiency and their budget, substitution of 25% inorganic fertilizer with organic manure is the rational combination under the winter wheat–summer maize system on an Anthrosol.

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11

Guerrero, Rocío, Juan L. Valenzuela, Alejandro I. Monterroso, and Carlos Asensio. "Impact of Wind Direction on Erodibility of a Hortic Anthrosol in Southeastern Spain." Agriculture 11, no. 7 (June 24, 2021): 589. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11070589.

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We tested an efficient, easily and economically manufactured wind-transported particle collector of our own design, called a multidirectional trap (MDt), on fine-tilled Anthrosols. Results from the logs of nine vaned masts, each with four MDt collectors at different heights, showed a clear predominance of northeast and south winds. After analyzing sediment transport rates and their balance, we found that sediments from the south were being deposited rather than lost. A large amount of phyllosilicates, which are highly adhesive sediments, and therefore, increase aggregation, decreasing erodibility, were captured in the upper traps. Moreover, they are rich in calcium carbonate, mainly calcite, which is a powerful aggregate, and therefore, also decreases their wind erodibility. Sediments from the northeast, however, with almost double the total mass transport, contained the largest amount of captured quartz, promoting abrasion and increasing soil erodibility. Nevertheless, large amounts of organic matter found in sediments from the NE led to some aggregation, which balances material lost.

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12

de Sousa, Daniel Vieira, João Carlos Ker, Carlos Ernesto R. Schaefer, Maria Jacqueline Rodet, Luciano Moura Guimarães, and Jorlandio F. Felix. "Magnetite originating from bonfires in a Brazilian prehistoric Anthrosol: A micro-Raman approach." CATENA 171 (December 2018): 552–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2018.07.036.

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13

Vukašinović, Ivana, Dragana Todorović, Aleksandar Đorđević, Miloš B. Rajković, and Vladimir B. Pavlović. "Depth Distribution of 137Cs in Anthrosol from the Experimental Field “Radmilovac” Near Belgrade, Serbia." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 64, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 425–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-64-2013-2276.

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Abstract This is a preliminary study of the depth distribution of 137Cs radionuclides in cultivated anthrosol soil of a 15-year old peach tree plantation at the experimental field “Radmilovac” near Belgrade. Before planting, the soil was ploughed at the depth of 1 m. The soil had not been annually ploughed, irrigated and treated with mineral fertilizers for three years before sampling. Activity concentration for 137Cs ranged from 1.8 Bq kg-1 to 35 Bq kg-1. Along the soil depth it varied highly, reaching as high a total variation coefficient as 83 %. Radiocaesium distribution patterns depended on the extent of soil mixing in the plough layer, as it was mechanically transferred from the surface to the lower soil layers during cultivation. 137Cs was associated with humus content and fixation to clay fractions in the soil. Our results single out soil’s hygroscopic water as a valuable parameter for 137Cs behaviour that could be used commonly if the measurement is standardised.

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14

GAO, Ming, You-Jin LUO, Zi-Fang WANG, Xiao-Hong TANG, and Chao-Fu WEI. "Effect of Tillage System on Distribution of Aggregates and Organic Carbon in a Hydragric Anthrosol." Pedosphere 18, no. 5 (October 2008): 574–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1002-0160(08)60051-x.

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15

Schmidt, Morgan J., Anne Rapp Py-Daniel, Claide de Paula Moraes, Raoni B. M. Valle, Caroline F. Caromano, Wenceslau G. Texeira, Carlos A. Barbosa, et al. "Dark earths and the human built landscape in Amazonia: a widespread pattern of anthrosol formation." Journal of Archaeological Science 42 (February 2014): 152–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2013.11.002.

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16

Ma, Li, Ming’an Shao, Jun Fan, Jiao Wang, and Yanpei Li. "Effects of earthworm (Metaphire guillelmi) density on soil macropore and soil water content in typical Anthrosol soil." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 311 (May 2021): 107338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2021.107338.

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17

Sousa, Daniel Vieira de, Luciano Moura Guimarães, Jorlandio Francisco Félix, João Carlos Ker, Carlos Ernesto R. G. Schaefer, and Maria Jacqueline Rodet. "Dynamic of the structural alteration of biochar in ancient Anthrosol over a long timescale by Raman spectroscopy." PLOS ONE 15, no. 3 (March 23, 2020): e0229447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229447.

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18

Fan, Changhua, Pengpeng Duan, Xi Zhang, Haojie Shen, Miao Chen, and Zhengqin Xiong. "Mechanisms underlying the mitigation of both N2O and NO emissions with field-aged biochar in an Anthrosol." Geoderma 364 (April 2020): 114178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2020.114178.

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19

Rivera-Uria, Y., E. Solleiro-Rebolledo, O. Beltrán-Paz, G. Martínez-Jardines, E. Nava-Arsola, G. Vázquez-Zacamitzin, J. Díaz-Ortega, R. Alcalá-Martínez, and B. Chávez-Vergara. "Short-term response on microstructure and soil organic matter characteristics after fertilization change in an Andic Anthrosol." Soil and Tillage Research 241 (September 2024): 106110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2024.106110.

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20

Youjin, LUO, WANG Zifang, GAO Ming, and WEI Chaofu. "Effects of conservation tillage on organic carbon, nitrogen and enzyme activities in a hydragric anthrosol of Chongqing, China." Energy Procedia 5 (2011): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.03.006.

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21

Xie, J., B. Peng, R. Wang, J. Batbayar, M. Hoogmoed, Y. Yang, S. Zhang, X. Yang, and B. Sun. "Responses of crop productivity and physical protection of organic carbon by macroaggregates to long-term fertilization of an Anthrosol." European Journal of Soil Science 69, no. 3 (March 15, 2018): 555–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12546.

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22

Li, Wenxue, Long Li, Jianhao Sun, Tianwen Guo, Fusuo Zhang, Xingguo Bao, An Peng, and C. Tang. "Effects of intercropping and nitrogen application on nitrate present in the profile of an Orthic Anthrosol in Northwest China." Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment 105, no. 3 (February 2005): 483–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2004.07.008.

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23

Novák, Tibor József, and József Incze. "Antropogén hatások becslése hazai talajokban felszínborítási adatok és WRB diagnosztika alapján." Agrokémia és Talajtan 67, no. 2 (December 2018): 179–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/0088.2018.00014.

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A WRB diagnosztikai elemeit és a felszínborítási adatokat kombinálva a talajokat ért antropogén hatás mértéke szerint négy csoportot alkottunk: 1. nincs talaj, 2. antropogén eredetű talaj, 3. természetes talaj, de lényeges antropogén bélyegekkel, illetve 4. természetes talaj. A négy csoport valamelyikéhez egyértelműen hozzárendelhető a felszínborítási osztályok mindegyike. Az általunk kidolgozott módszer segítségével értékeltük Magyarország talajtakarójának természetességét. Az ország területének 2%-án nem számolhatunk a FAO által definiált értelemben talaj létével, 6%-án antropogén talajok várhatók (Anthrosol, vagy Technosol), 66%-án a természetes talajok antropogén átalakítottsága eléri a WRB diagnosztikai határértékeit, és mindössze 26% azon talajok aránya, amelyekben antropogén hatások a diagnosztikában nem jelennek meg, azaz természetes vagy természetközeli állapotúként értékelhetők. Talajtípusok tekintetében legnagyobb mértékű emberi hatással a csernozjomok, réti és öntés talajok esetében számolhatunk, míg természetközeli állapotú talajok legnagyobb kiterjedésben a kőzethatású és váztalajokon maradtak fenn. A területi különbségek is jelentősek: míg legnagyobb arányban a Hajdúságon és a Körös-Maros közén találunk antropogén hatásokkal érintett talajokat, addig a természetközeli állapotú talajok aránya az Északi-középhegység egyes hegyvidéki területein a legnagyobb. Módszerünk csak becslésre alkalmas, mégis jó áttekintést ad a hazai talajok antropogén átalakítottságának mértékéről, az emberi tevékenység, mint hatodik talajképző tényező jelentőségéről, intenzitásának térbeli eloszlásáról, amely a hazai talajtani adottságoknak egy eddig kevéssé vizsgált aspektusa.

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Honaine, Mariana Fernández, Natalia L. Borrelli, Margarita Osterrieth, and Luis del Rio. "Leaf and culm silicification of Pampas grass (Cortaderia selloana) developed on different soils from Pampean region, Argentina." Australian Journal of Botany 65, no. 1 (2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt16154.

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Amorphous silica accumulation in grasses is widely described in numerous species; however, work done in relation to the factors affecting this accumulation in the tissues and different type of cells, is still incipient. Here, we analysed a perennial tussock grass, Cortaderia selloana (Schult. & Schult.f.) Asch. & Graebn. (Pampas grass), a native and widely spread species from South America, which is also considered an invasive plant in many regions of the world. We analysed the relation between silicification process, soil type and environment, and anatomical features. Silicophytolith content and distribution in plants was analysed through calcination and staining techniques and SEM-EDAX analyses. Silicophytolith content was higher in leaves (2.48–5.54% DW) than in culms (0.29–0.43% DW) and values were similar to other tussock grasses. A relationship between the habit of a grass species and the potential maximum content of amorphous silica is suggested. Plants grown in soils from modified environments with high silica content (Anthrosol and Tecnosol) produced a higher content of amorphous silica. In leaves, the distribution of silicified cells was conditioned by leaf xeromorphic features. Soil Si content and environmental conditions (radiation, disturbance) are more relevant in silicification process than phenological factors. Within leaves, the accumulation of amorphous silica is conditioned by anatomy and transpiration.

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25

Giani, Luise, Lutz Makowsky, and Klaus Mueller. "Plaggic Anthrosol: Soil of the Year 2013 in Germany: An overview on its formation, distribution, classification, soil function and threats." Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 177, no. 3 (February 27, 2014): 320–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jpln.201300197.

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Soares da Silva, Leila, Isabela Carreira Constantino, Lucas Raimundo Bento, Amanda Maria Tadini, Márcia Cristina Bisinoti, Maurício Boscolo, Odair Pastor Ferreira, et al. "Humic extracts from hydrochar and Amazonian Anthrosol: Molecular features and metal binding properties using EEM-PARAFAC and 2D FTIR correlation analyses." Chemosphere 256 (October 2020): 127110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127110.

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27

ZHANG, Wen-zhao, Xiao-qin CHEN, Huo-yan WANG, Wen-xue WEI, and Jian-min ZHOU. "Long-term straw return influenced ammonium ion retention at the soil aggregate scale in an Anthrosol with rice-wheat rotations in China." Journal of Integrative Agriculture 21, no. 2 (February 2022): 521–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2095-3119(20)63592-4.

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Li, Shuo, Youbing Li, Xiushuang Li, Xiaohong Tian, Aiqing Zhao, Shujuan Wang, Shaoxia Wang, and Jianglan Shi. "Effect of straw management on carbon sequestration and grain production in a maize–wheat cropping system in Anthrosol of the Guanzhong Plain." Soil and Tillage Research 157 (April 2016): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2015.11.002.

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29

Xie, Junyu, Miaomiao Hou, Yingtian Zhou, Renjie Wang, Shulan Zhang, Xueyun Yang, and Benhua Sun. "Carbon sequestration and mineralization of aggregate-associated carbon in an intensively cultivated Anthrosol in north China as affected by long term fertilization." Geoderma 296 (June 2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2017.02.023.

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30

Ding, Haiyan, Ahmad Ali, and Zhihui Cheng. "Effect of green garlic/cucumber crop rotation for 3 years on the dynamics of soil properties and cucumber yield in Chinese anthrosol." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 100, no. 1 (November 4, 2019): 362–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.10050.

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31

Polyakov, Vyacheslav, Alexey Petrov, and Evgeny Abakumov. "Micromorphological Characteristics of Fallow, Pyrogenic, Arable Soils of Central Part of Yakutia." Soil Systems 6, no. 3 (August 15, 2022): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems6030068.

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The assessment of the micromorphological characteristics of soils is a powerful tool for studying the transformation of soils under the influence of various weathering mechanisms (physical, biogenic). The central part of Yakutia is characterized by a large area of agricultural lands, some of which has become fallow land and is subject to cryogenic processes, fires and anthropogenic impact. Under the conditions of climate change, the fallow soils of Yakutia can be re-involved in the agricultural complex. To study their state, a method of micromorphological investigation of thin soil sections is proposed. Thin sections of soils were analyzed using a polarizing microscope Leica DM750P. As a result of the work, zonal, fallow, pyrogenic and agricultural soils of the central part of Yakutia were analyzed. The soils were found to be in a degraded state. Zonal soils were characterized by the presence of quartz grains, feldspar, and undecomposed plant tissue, as well as biogenically transformed humus. Fallow soils were characterized by a thick organo-mineral (A) horizon, quartz grains, feldspar, and silty-clay plasma. Pyrogenic soils have differences from natural and fallow soils; as a result of fires and active illuviation of organo-mineral substances. The Anthrosol soils were characterized by a large number of aggregates of various sizes. In their composition there were various minerals, such as quartz, feldspar and mica. The signs of soil cryogenesis were noted only in the underlying horizons (B), while the upper horizon (A) had no signs of cryogenic transformation.

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Ali, Ahmad, Muhammad Ghani, Haiyan Ding, Yang Fan, Zhihui Cheng, and Muhammad Iqbal. "Co-Amended Synergistic Interactions between Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and the Organic Substrate-Induced Cucumber Yield and Fruit Quality Associated with the Regulation of the AM-Fungal Community Structure under Anthropogenic Cultivated Soil." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 7 (March 27, 2019): 1539. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20071539.

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Monotonous cucumber double-cropping systems under plastic greenhouse vegetable cultivation (PGVC) previously intensified by long-term anthropogenic activities and manipulative treatments leads to a crop productivity reduction and soil biota disturbances. In this study, the role of the indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal strain (AM: Glomus versiforme L.) and organic substrate (GS: Garlic stalk) application were assessed for plant microbe interaction and crop productivity feedback in a greenhouse (2016–2018) under a cultivated Anthrosol characterized as a replanted degraded soil. We found that repetitively adding AM inocula with organic substrates (GS) improved the cucumber growth and physiology. The useful trait of AM symbiosis with C-amended organic substrates preferentially manifested as increased root colonization, hyphal density proliferation, AM sporulation, root activity, and suppressed Fusarium incidence. The post AM development further prevailed the synergistic interaction, and the co-inoculation effect resulted in an increase in fruit nutrition uptake, seasonal cucumber yield and fruit quality attributes. Illumina MiSeq analysis of the 18S rRNA gene amplicons revealed that the dominant AM genera that are particularly enriched with the Glomus taxon may be important ecological drivers associated with plant productivity and fruit quality characteristics. These results suggest that the AM-organic substrate association might be a pragmatic option for use as an economic and efficient biological resource and as a newly-sustainable plant microbe mediator to enhance the regional ecosystem services and plant productivity of the anthropogenic PGVC of this region.

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Liu, Xuezhi, Yingying Ma, Kiril Manevski, Mathias Neumann Andersen, Yue Li, Zhenhua Wei, and Fulai Liu. "Biochar and alternate wetting-drying cycles improving rhizosphere soil nutrients availability and tobacco growth by altering root growth strategy in Ferralsol and Anthrosol." Science of The Total Environment 806 (February 2022): 150513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150513.

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Korneykova, Maria V., and Elena V. Lebedeva. "OPPORTUNISTIC FUNGI IN THE POLLUTED SOILS OF KOLA PENINSULA." GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY 11, no. 2 (June 28, 2018): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2018-11-2-125-137.

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The species diversity and the structure of the opportunistic fungi complexes in the forest Albic Podzols under the impact of the Aluminum and Copper-Nickel Plants emissions, as well as in the Hortic Anthrosol contaminated by the oil products (diesel fuel, gas condensate, mazut) in the north-west region of Russia (the Kola Peninsula) have been investigated. The share of the opportunistic fungi increase up to 15% in the zones of the Aluminum and Copper-Nickel Plants emissions comparable to the background soil, and up to 20-25% in the soils contaminated by the oil products has been revealed. The majority of the fungi species belong to the following genera: Penicillium, Aspergillus, Mucor, Lecanicillium, Phoma and Cladosporium. The structure of the fungal complexes has changed in the polluted soil, that is, the species abundance and the frequency of the opportunistic fungi occurrence have increased. The strains of the fungi isolated from the contaminated soil reveal the potential pathogenicity in a greater degree, than the strains isolated from the clean soil. 55% of the total amount of fungi strains isolated from the soils contaminated by the Aluminum Plant emissions had the potential pathogenicity. The most dangerous for a human’s health were Amorphotheca resinae, Aspergillus fumigatus, A. niger, Paecilomyces variotii, Penicillium commune, P. purpurеogenum, Trichoderma viride isolated from the soils contaminated by the Aluminum Plant emissions; and P. aurantiogriseum, P. glabrum, P. commune, P. simplicissimum, Rhizopus nigricans isolated from the soils contaminated by the oil products. Those species revealed protease, phospholipase activity, as well as the growth ability at the temperature 37°C

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Tang, Qi Wen, Chang Sheng Jiang, Qing Ju Hao, and Yan Wu. "Effect of Tillage Systems on Distribution of Aggregates and Organic Carbon in a Long-Term No-Tillage Paddy Field." Advanced Materials Research 183-185 (January 2011): 1185–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.1185.

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The effect of different tillage systems on the size distribution of aggregates and organic carbon distribution and storage in different size aggregates in a Hydragric Anthrosol were studied in a long-term experiment in Chongqing, China. The experiment included five tillage treatments, which are conventional tillage with rice only system (DP), conventional tillage with rotation of rice and rape system (SH), no-till and ridge culture with rotation of rice and rape system (LM), no-till and plain culture with rotation of rice and rape system (XM) and tillage and ridge culture with rotation of rice and rape system (LF), respectively. The results showed that the aggregates 0.25-0.05 mm in diameter accounted for the largest proportion in each soil layer under all treatments. The organic carbon mainly exist in aggregates in the 0.25-2 mm and 0.05-0.25 mm diameter in the plough layer, which mainly exist in the 0.25-2 mm in diameter in the bottom layer. Distribution of organic carbon in aggregates in the 0.05-0.25 mm diameter class was highest, followed by the aggregates in the 0.25-2mm diameter class. The organic carbon in aggregates under different tillage systems was in a decreasing order of LM (21.05 g·kg-1)> DP (14.13 g·kg-1)> XM (13.29 g·kg-1)> LF (12.54 g·kg-1) > SH (11.41 g·kg-1). The total organic carbon content showed a significant correlation with the amount of aggregates with diameter >0.005 mm. The results showed that the accumulation of soil organic carbon was mainly affected by aggregates in the >0.005mm diameter class.

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Krupski, Mateusz, Cezary Kabala, Agata Sady, Radosław Gliński, and Jacek Wojcieszak. "Double-and triple-depth digging and Anthrosol formation in a medieval and modern-era city (Wrocław, SW Poland). Geoarchaeological research on past horticultural practices." CATENA 153 (June 2017): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2017.01.028.

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Saile, Elke, Geert-Jan Boons, Therese Buskas, Russell W. Carlson, Elmar L. Kannenberg, John R. Barr, Anne E. Boyer, Maribel Gallegos-Candela, and Conrad P. Quinn. "Antibody Responses to a Spore Carbohydrate Antigen as a Marker of Nonfatal Inhalation Anthrax in Rhesus Macaques." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 18, no. 5 (March 9, 2011): 743–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00475-10.

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ABSTRACTTheBacillus anthracisexosporium protein BclA contains an O-linked antigenic tetrasaccharide whose terminal sugar is known as anthrose (J. M. Daubenspeck et al., J. Biol. Chem. 279:30945–30953, 2004). We hypothesized that serologic responses to anthrose may have diagnostic value in confirming exposure to aerosolizedB. anthracis. We evaluated the serologic responses to a synthetic anthrose-containing trisaccharide (ATS) in a group of five rhesus macaques that survived inhalation anthrax following exposure toB. anthracisAmes spores. Two of five animals (RM2 and RM3) were treated with ciprofloxacin starting at 48 hours postexposure and two (RM4 and RM5) at 72 h postexposure; one animal (RM1) was untreated. Infection was confirmed by blood culture and detection of anthrax toxin lethal factor (LF) in plasma. Anti-ATS IgG responses were determined at 14, 21, 28, and 35 days postexposure, with preexposure serum as a control. All animals, irrespective of ciprofloxacin treatment, mounted a specific, measurable anti-ATS IgG response. The earliest detectable responses were on days 14 (RM1, RM2, and RM5), 21 (RM4), and 28 (RM3). Specificity of the anti-ATS responses was demonstrated by competitive-inhibition enzyme immunoassay (CIEIA), in which a 2-fold (wt/wt) excess of carbohydrate in a bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate of the oligosaccharide (ATS-BSA) effected >94% inhibition, whereas a structural analog lacking the 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-butyryl moiety at the C-4" of the anthrosyl residue had no inhibition activity. These data suggest that anti-ATS antibody responses may be used to identify aerosol exposure toB. anthracisspores. The anti-ATS antibody responses were detectable during administration of ciprofloxacin.

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Xu, Jisheng, Bingzi Zhao, Jingdong Mao, Wenying Chu, Dandan Li, Lei Ma, Jiabao Zhang, and Wenxue Wei. "Does P-deficiency fertilization alter chemical compositions of fulvic acids? Insights from long-term field studies on two contrasting soils: A Fluvisol and an Anthrosol." Soil and Tillage Research 178 (May 2018): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2018.01.005.

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Ji, Q., Y. Wang, X.-N. Chen, and X.-D. Wang. "Tillage effects on soil aggregation, organic carbon fractions and grain yield in Eum-Orthic Anthrosol of a winter wheat-maize double-cropping system, Northwest China." Soil Use and Management 31, no. 4 (September 21, 2015): 504–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sum.12213.

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Buchen, Caroline, Dominika Lewicka-Szczebak, Roland Fuß, Mirjam Helfrich, Heinz Flessa, and Reinhard Well. "Fluxes of N2 and N2O and contributing processes in summer after grassland renewal and grassland conversion to maize cropping on a Plaggic Anthrosol and a Histic Gleysol." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 101 (October 2016): 6–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2016.06.028.

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Zhou, Wenwen, Haoran Jia, Lang Liu, Baotong Li, Yuqi Li, and Meizhu Gao. "Environmental behaviors of (<i>E</i>) pyriminobac-methyl in agricultural soils." SOIL 8, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 237–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/soil-8-237-2022.

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Abstract. E or pyriminobac-methyl (EPM), a pyrimidine benzoic acid esters herbicide, has a high potential as weedicide; nevertheless, its environmental behaviors are still not well understood. In this study, we systematically investigated, for the first time, the adsorption–desorption, degradation, and leaching behaviors of EPM in agricultural soils from five exemplar sites in China (Phaeozems – S1; Anthrosol – S2; Ferralsol – S3; Alisol – S4; Plinthosol – S5) through laboratory simulation experiments. Our results show that the EPM adsorption–desorption results were well fitted by the Freundlich model (R2>0.9999). In the analyzed soils, the Freundlich adsorption (i.e., Kf ads) and desorption (i.e., Kf des) coefficients of EPM varied between 0.85 and 32.22 mg1-1/n L1/n kg−1 and 0.78–5.02 mg1-1/n L1/n kg−1, respectively. The mobility of EPM in soils S1–S5 was categorized as immobile, slightly immobile, highly mobile, slightly mobile, and slightly mobile, respectively. Moreover, the degradation of EPM reflected first-order kinetics, where its half-life ranged between 37.46 and 66.00 d, depending on the environmental conditions, and abiotic degradation was predominant in the degradation of this compound. Overall, the high leaching ability and desorption capacity of EPM were accompanied by a low adsorption capacity, and there were no significant relationships between pH and the leaching rate of EPM in the five types of soils. In contrast, the organic matter content, cation exchange capacity, and soil clay content were the main components responsible for the observed leaching rates. We found that EPM degrades easily, has a high adsorption affinity, and a low mobility in S1, which results in a low contamination risk for groundwater systems. On the contrary, this compound degrades slowly in S2, S3, S4, and S5, due to a low adsorption affinity and moderate mobility, which results in a high contamination risk for groundwater systems. Therefore, our results may serve as a reference for evaluating the risks involved in the increasingly wide application of this compound.

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Hedjerassi, Nassira. "Bernard Charlot . Éducation ou barbarie. Pour une anthropo-pédagogie contemporaine . Paris : ECOMICA/Anthropos, 2020, 336 pages." Les Sciences de l'éducation - Pour l'Ère nouvelle Vol. 53, no. 4 (March 15, 2022): III. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/lsdle.534.0121c.

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Kirchner, André, Nico Herrmann, Paul Matras, Iris Müller, Julia Meister, and Thomas G. Schattner. "A pedo-geomorphological view on land use and its potential in the surroundings of the ancient Hispano-Roman city Munigua (Seville, SW Spain)." E&G Quaternary Science Journal 71, no. 2 (August 3, 2022): 123–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/egqsj-71-123-2022.

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Abstract. This study investigates the surroundings of Munigua (municipium Flavium Muniguense), a small Roman town in the ancient province of Hispania Baetica (SW Spain). The city's economy was based primarily on copper and iron mining, which brought financial prosperity to its citizens. Local production of agricultural goods is thought to have been of little importance, as the regional soil conditions do not seem to be suitable for extensive agriculture. To evaluate the recent soil agro-potential and to find evidence for prehistoric and historic land use in the surroundings of Munigua, we applied a pedo-geomorphological approach based on the physico-chemical analysis of 14 representative soil and sediment exposures. Selected samples were analyzed for bulk chemistry, texture and phytoliths. The chronostratigraphy of the sequences was based on radiocarbon dating of charcoal samples. The site evaluation of the present-day soil agro-potential was carried out according to standard procedures and included evaluation of potential rootability, available water-storage capacity and nutrient budget within the uppermost 1 m. The results show that moderate to very good soil agro-potential prevails in the granitic and floodplain areas surrounding Munigua. Clearly, recent soil agro-potential in these areas allows the production of basic agricultural goods, and similar limited agricultural use should also have been possible in ancient times. In contrast, weak to very weak present-day soil agro-potential prevails in the metamorphic landscape due to the occurrence of shallow and sandy to stony soils. In addition, the study provides pedo-geomorphological evidence for prehistoric and historic land use in pre-Roman, Roman and post-Roman times. Catenary soil mapping in the vicinity of a Roman house complex reveals multi-layered colluvial deposits. They document phases of hillslope erosion mainly triggered by human land use between 4063 ± 82 and 3796 ± 76 cal BP, around 2601 ± 115 cal BP, and between 1424 ± 96 and 421 ± 88 cal BP. Moreover, geochemical and phytolith analyses of a Roman hortic Anthrosol indicate the local cultivation of agricultural products that contributed to the food supply of Munigua. Overall, the evidence of Roman agricultural use in the Munigua area indicates that the city's economy was by no means focused solely on mining. The production of basic agricultural products was also part of Munigua's economic portfolio. Our geoarcheological study thus supports the archeological concept of economically diversified Roman cities in the province of Baetica and in Hispania.

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Schmidt, Morgan. "Amazonian Dark Earths: pathways to sustainable development in tropical rainforests?" Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas 8, no. 1 (April 2013): 11–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1981-81222013000100002.

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Fertile dark anthrosols associated with pre-Columbian settlement across the Amazon Basin have sparked wide interest for their potential contribution to sustainable use and management of tropical soils and ecosystems. In the Upper Xingu region of the southern Amazon, research on archaeological settlements and among contemporary descendant populations provides critical new data on the formation and use of anthrosols. These findings provide a basis for describing the variability of soil modifications that result from diverse human activities and a general model for the formation of Amazonian anthrosols. They underscore the potential for indigenous systems of knowledge and resource management to inform efforts for conservation and sustainable development of Amazonian ecosystems.

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Teixeira, Rafael Cardoso, Pablo De Azevedo Rocha, Henrique Amorim Machado, André Luiz Lopes de Faria, and Liovando Marciano da Costa. "Solos Antropogênicos: solos decorrentes da ação humana em perspectiva ao Antropoceno." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 15, no. 1 (March 23, 2022): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v15.1.p109-124.

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Os solos antropogênicos são o resultado da modificação ou formação de aspectos físicos, químicos e morfológicos a partir da ação humana (antropogênese), especificamente na época Antropoceno, sobre solos ou ambientes naturais, seja adicionando ou retirando materiais na superfície terrestre, formando pedons ou corpos tridimensionais artificiais. Estes solos possuem uma diversidade de fatores na sua formação, entre os quais o período de tempo da sua formação, o tipo de alteração na constituição química, principalmente a adição de materiais orgânicos e inorgânicos e nas propriedades físicas e morfológicas, tais como textura, compactação, decapeamento e cor. A análise e estudos destes solos ainda podem ser consideradas complexas, em função principalmente das variáveis envolvidas e do material atualmente disponível para seu estudo. Neste contexto, existe uma forte discussão a nível acadêmico sobre a conceituação dos solos formados pela ação humana e principalmente a distinção destes. Desse modo, este artigo tem como base realizar um levantamento e discussão sobre os conceitos e características referentes aos três principais tipos de solos antropogênicos existentes no território brasileiro: arqueoantrossolos (Terra Preta de Índio e Sambaquis), antropossolos e solos urbanos. Portanto, o objetivo é realizar uma revisão, discussão e distinção para o conceito, e as características vigentes de cada tipo de solo antropogênico, abordando as principais e mais observadas características físicas, químicas e morfológicas detectadas em estudos voltados para estes tipos de solos.Palavras-Chave: Antropogênese, arqueoantrossolos, antropossolos e solos urbanos. Anthropogenic Soils: soils resulting from human action in perspective to the AnthropoceneA B S T R A C TAnthropogenic Soils are the result of the transformation or formation of physical, chemical and morphological aspects from the human action (anthropogenesis), specifically in the Anthropocene epoch, over soils or natural environments, either by adding or removing materials on the earth's surface, forming pedons or three-dimensional artificial bodies. These soils have a diversity of factors in their formation, such as the time of their formation, the type of alteration in the chemical constitution, mainly the addition of organic and inorganic materials and the physical and morphological properties, such as texture, compaction, tailing disposal and color. The analysis and studies of these soils can still be considered complex, mainly due to the variables involved and the material currently available for their study. In this context, there is a strong discussion at the academic level about the conceptualization of the soils formed by human action and especially the distinction of these. Thus, this article is based on a survey and discussion about the concepts and characteristics of the three main types of anthropogenic soils existing in Brazil: arqueo-anthrosols (Amazonian Dark Earth and Sambaquis/shell middens), anthrosols and urban soils. Therefore, the objective is to perform a review, discussion and distinction for the concept, and the current characteristics of each type of anthropogenic soil, addressing the main and most observed physical, chemical and morphological characteristics detected in studies aimed at these types of soils.Key-words: Anthropogenesis, arqueo-anthrosols, anthrosolos and urban soils.

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Norris, Michael H., Alexander Kirpich, Andrew P. Bluhm, Diansy Zincke, Ted Hadfield, Jose Miguel Ponciano, and Jason K. Blackburn. "Convergent evolution of diverse Bacillus anthracis outbreak strains toward altered surface oligosaccharides that modulate anthrax pathogenesis." PLOS Biology 18, no. 12 (December 28, 2020): e3001052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001052.

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Bacillus anthracis, a spore-forming gram-positive bacterium, causes anthrax. The external surface of the exosporium is coated with glycosylated proteins. The sugar additions are capped with the unique monosaccharide anthrose. The West African Group (WAG) B. anthracis have mutations rendering them anthrose deficient. Through genome sequencing, we identified 2 different large chromosomal deletions within the anthrose biosynthetic operon of B. anthracis strains from Chile and Poland. In silico analysis identified an anthrose-deficient strain in the anthrax outbreak among European heroin users. Anthrose-deficient strains are no longer restricted to West Africa so the role of anthrose in physiology and pathogenesis was investigated in B. anthracis Sterne. Loss of anthrose delayed spore germination and enhanced sporulation. Spores without anthrose were phagocytized at higher rates than spores with anthrose, indicating that anthrose may serve an antiphagocytic function on the spore surface. The anthrose mutant had half the LD50 and decreased time to death (TTD) of wild type and complement B. anthracis Sterne in the A/J mouse model. Following infection, anthrose mutant bacteria were more abundant in the spleen, indicating enhanced dissemination of Sterne anthrose mutant. At low sample sizes in the A/J mouse model, the mortality of ΔantC-infected mice challenged by intranasal or subcutaneous routes was 20% greater than wild type. Competitive index (CI) studies indicated that spores without anthrose disseminated to organs more extensively than a complemented mutant. Death process modeling using mouse mortality dynamics suggested that larger sample sizes would lead to significantly higher deaths in anthrose-negative infected animals. The model was tested by infecting Galleria mellonella with spores and confirmed the anthrose mutant was significantly more lethal. Vaccination studies in the A/J mouse model showed that the human vaccine protected against high-dose challenges of the nonencapsulated Sterne-based anthrose mutant. This work begins to identify the physiologic and pathogenic consequences of convergent anthrose mutations in B. anthracis.

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Rabinow, Paul. "Anthropos aujourd’hui." Anthropologie et Sociétés 27, no. 3 (2003): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/007929ar.

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Dong, Shengli, Sylvia A. McPherson, Li Tan, Olga N. Chesnokova, Charles L. Turnbough, and David G. Pritchard. "Anthrose Biosynthetic Operon of Bacillus anthracis." Journal of Bacteriology 190, no. 7 (February 1, 2008): 2350–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01899-07.

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ABSTRACT The exosporium of Bacillus anthracis spores consists of a basal layer and an external hair-like nap. The nap is composed primarily of the glycoprotein BclA, which contains a collagen-like region with multiple copies of a pentasaccharide side chain. This oligosaccharide possesses an unusual terminal sugar called anthrose, followed by three rhamnose residues and a protein-bound N-acetylgalactosamine. Based on the structure of anthrose, we proposed an enzymatic pathway for its biosynthesis. Examination of the B. anthracis genome revealed six contiguous genes that could encode the predicted anthrose biosynthetic enzymes. These genes are transcribed in the same direction and appear to form two operons. We introduced mutations into the B. anthracis chromosome that either delete the promoter of the putative upstream, four-gene operon or delete selected genes in both putative operons. Spores produced by strains carrying mutations in the upstream operon completely lacked or contained much less anthrose, indicating that this operon is required for anthrose biosynthesis. In contrast, inactivation of the downstream, two-gene operon did not alter anthrose content. Additional experiments confirmed the organization of the anthrose operon and indicated that it is transcribed from a σE-specific promoter. Finally, we demonstrated that anthrose biosynthesis is not restricted to B. anthracis as previously suggested.

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Davurova Holida Haydarovna, Davurova Holida. "ANTHROPO-OIKONYMS OF JIZZAK REGION." International Journal Of Literature And Languages 03, no. 02 (February 1, 2023): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijll/volume03issue02-04.

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Dancák, Pavol. "Alexandru Buzalic, Anthropos—Omul Paradigmele unui model antropologic integral [Anthropos—Man. Paradigms of an Integral Anthropological Model] Târgu-Lăpuş: Galaxia Gutenberg, 2022, 228 pp." Philosophy and Canon Law 9, no. 1 (March 18, 2023): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/pacl.2023.09.1.07.

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Alexandru Buzalic, Anthropos – Omul. Paradigmele unui model antropologic integral [Anthropos - Man. Paradigms of an integral anthropological model]. Târgu-Lăpuş: Galaxia Gutenberg, 2022, 228 pp.

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