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Journal articles on the topic 'Anthropomorphism'
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1
Seeger, Anna-Maria, Jella Pfeiffer, and Armin Heinzl. "Texting with Humanlike Conversational Agents: Designing for Anthropomorphism." Journal of the Association for Information Systems 22, no. 4 (2021): 931–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00685.
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Conversational agents (CAs) are natural language user interfaces that emulate human-to-human communication. Because of this emulation, research on CAs is inseparably linked to questions about anthropomorphism—the attribution of human qualities, including consciousness, intentions, and emotions, to nonhuman agents. Past research has demonstrated that anthropomorphism affects human perception and behavior in human-computer interactions by, for example, increasing trust and connectedness or stimulating social response behaviors. Based on the psychological theory of anthropomorphism and related research on computer interface design, we develop a theoretical framework for designing anthropomorphic CAs. We identify three groups of factors that stimulate anthropomorphism: technology design-related factors, task-related factors, and individual factors. Our findings from an online experiment support the derived framework but also reveal novel yet counterintuitive insights. In particular, we demonstrate that not all combinations of anthropomorphic technology design cues increase perceived anthropomorphism. For example, we find that using only nonverbal cues harms anthropomorphism; however, this effect becomes positive when nonverbal cues are complemented with verbal or human identity cues. We also find that CAs’ disposition to complete computerlike versus humanlike tasks and individuals’ disposition to anthropomorphize greatly affect perceived anthropomorphism. This work advances our understanding of anthropomorphism and contextualizes the theory of anthropomorphism within the IS discipline. We advise on the directions that research and practice should take to find the sweet spot for anthropomorphic CA design.
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Chen, Yanlu, and Mingjing Yuan. "The Application of Anthropomorphism in the Illustration Design of "Gu Nian Meng Yu”." Highlights in Art and Design 3, no. 1 (May 31, 2023): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hiaad.v3i1.9165.
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The key to the application of anthropomorphism in illustration design is not to directly copy or completely detach from the prototype, but to organically use these design elements and transform them into anthropomorphic images to better express the author's emotions and present a more meaningful and resonant visual image, so that people can feel a correlation between the anthropomorphic object and our human principle. One of the most important points is that when using anthropomorphism, we need to find the right connection between anthropomorphic objects and people. If there is no connection between anthropomorphic objects and people, then it is impossible to anthropomorphize them.
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Agrawal, Shivani, Naval Bajpai, and Utkal Khandelwal. "Recapitulation of brand anthropomorphism: An innovating marketing strategy." Marketing Review 20, no. 1 (August 31, 2020): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1362/146934720x15929907504139.
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The aim of this paper is to explain anthropomorphic marketing by illustrating the factors associated with the sociality motivation , effectance motivation, and elicited agent knowledge model (SEEK). This model was designed to explain anthropomorphic tendencies of a brand, as we do not know much about why people view non-human entities as human-like. In addition, this paper also focuses on how anthropomorphic representation strategies are used by marketers in the present scenario to build strong consumer-brand relationships and how these anthropomorphic marketing strategies affect the consumer-brand evaluation process. This paper examines the anthropomorphism of the brand by examining in depth the factors related to the SEEK model and explaining the anthropomorphic patterns of the market. It shows how consumers or advertisers view, imagine, interpret and exploit a non-human entity. Consumers can evaluate an anthropomorphic marketing strategy either positively or negatively. Therefore, marketers should use this tendency to anthropomorphise any brand or a product carefully. This literature review has important implications and it provides direction for researchers, as well as advanced investigation of brand anthropomorphism.
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Chin, Matthew G., Ryan E. Yordon, Bryan R. Clark, Tatiana Ballion, Michael J. Dolezal, Randall Shumaker, and Neal Finkelstein. "Developing and Anthropomorphic Tendencies Scale." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 13 (September 2005): 1266–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504901311.
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A 208-item scale was developed to measure self-reported anthropomorphic tendencies during interactions with various non-human entities. The potential targets of anthropomorphism included technology-laden machines such as computers, other objects such as backpacks, living things such as houseplants, and abstract entities such as a god or higher power. Scale items assessed the degree to which participants agreed with statements regarding the perceived attributes of the entities, speech directed toward the entities and the treatment of the entities. A factor analysis suggested that the scale measures four independent types of anthropomorphism: “extreme” anthropomorphic tendencies, anthropomorphism of a god or higher power, anthropomorphism of pets, and “negative” anthropomorphism. Further analyses indicated that anthropomorphic tendencies were self-reported when pertaining to pets and a god or higher power. However, participants tended not to self-report inappropriate “negativeâ” anthropomorphism toward computers, cars, microwaves, etc. These disparate findings appear to be due to social desirability of anthropomorphism.
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Caruana, Nathan, Rebekah C. White, and Anna Remington. "Autistic traits and loneliness in autism are associated with increased tendencies to anthropomorphise." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 74, no. 7 (March 27, 2021): 1295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17470218211005694.
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Anthropomorphism—the attribution of human qualities to non-human objects—is believed to be a natural tendency which may serve several adaptive functions. One possibility is that anthropomorphism provides an egocentric heuristic by which we can understand the world. It may also be a strategy for reducing our subjective sense of loneliness. However, not all humans exhibit the same propensity to anthropomorphise. Recent findings suggest that autistic individuals may be more likely to anthropomorphise than non-autistic individuals. In Study 1, we conducted a large-scale survey of autistic traits and dispositional anthropomorphism in the general population ( n = 870). We found that individuals who reported having more autistic traits had an increased dispositional tendency to anthropomorphise non-human entities. In Study 2, we more closely examined variation in anthropomorphism tendencies in a sample of autistic adults ( n = 90) to better understand what might drive increased anthropomorphism in this population. We found that those with greater anthropomorphism tendencies experienced greater levels of self-reported loneliness. We propose that increased anthropomorphism might reflect reduced opportunities for social connection for autistic people and those with more autistic traits.
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Li, Ying, Yanfei Zhu, Guanqun Zhang, Junliang Zhou, Jinlai Liu, Zhuoxin Li, and Boqian He. "The Effects of Anthropomorphism, Message Framing, and Voice Type on Unhealthy Sleep Behavior in Young Users: The Mediating Role of Risk Perception." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (August 4, 2022): 9570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159570.
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Insufficient sleep is a severe social public health problem that can adversely affect the physical and mental health of young people. This study examined risk perceptions for unhealthy sleep behaviors and intentions for healthy sleep behaviors under different combinations of anthropomorphism, message framing, and voice type in cartoons. We used a three-factor between-subject experiment of two (anthropomorphism: anthropomorphic vs. non-anthropomorphic) × two (message framing: positive frame vs. negative frame) × two (voice type: cartoon child voice vs. adult female voice) design. We examined the effects of different audiovisual combinations of cartoon attitude, risk perception, and behavioral intention and the mediating role of risk perception. The research results show that (1) the integration of anthropomorphic design elements can positively impact users’ attitudes toward cartoons; (2) when the interface information is presented in a negative frame, anthropomorphism can more positively influence users’ attitudes toward cartoons than non-anthropomorphism; and (3) anthropomorphism, message framing, and voice type in cartoons significantly interact with risk perception. In addition, risk perception mediates the influence of anthropomorphism, message framing, and voice type on behavioral intention.
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Li, Qingchuan, Yan Luximon, and Jiaxin Zhang. "The Influence of Anthropomorphic Cues on Patients’ Perceived Anthropomorphism, Social Presence, Trust Building, and Acceptance of Health Care Conversational Agents: Within-Subject Web-Based Experiment." Journal of Medical Internet Research 25 (August 10, 2023): e44479. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/44479.
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Background The last decade has witnessed the rapid development of health care conversational agents (CAs); however, there are still great challenges in making health care CAs trustworthy and acceptable to patients. Objective Focusing on intelligent guidance CAs, a type of health care CA for web-based patient triage, this study aims to investigate how anthropomorphic cues influence patients’ perceived anthropomorphism and social presence of such CAs and evaluate how these perceptions facilitate their trust-building process and acceptance behavior. Methods To test the research hypotheses, the video vignette methodology was used to evaluate patients’ perceptions and acceptance of various intelligent guidance CAs. The anthropomorphic cues of CAs were manipulated in a 3×2 within-subject factorial experiment with 103 participants, with the factors of agent appearance (high, medium, and low anthropomorphic levels) and verbal cues (humanlike and machine-like verbal cues) as the within-subject variables. Results The 2-way repeated measures ANOVA analysis indicated that the higher anthropomorphic level of agent appearance significantly increased mindful anthropomorphism (high level>medium level: 4.57 vs 4.27; P=.01; high level>low level: 4.57 vs 4.04; P<.001; medium level>low level: 4.27 vs 4.04; P=.04), mindless anthropomorphism (high level>medium level: 5.39 vs 5.01; P<.001; high level>low level: 5.39 vs 4.85; P<.001), and social presence (high level>medium level: 5.19 vs 4.83; P<.001; high level>low level: 5.19 vs 4.72; P<.001), and the higher anthropomorphic level of verbal cues significantly increased mindful anthropomorphism (4.83 vs 3.76; P<.001), mindless anthropomorphism (5.60 vs 4.57; P<.001), and social presence (5.41 vs 4.41; P<.001). Meanwhile, a significant interaction between agent appearance and verbal cues (.004) was revealed. Second, the partial least squares results indicated that privacy concerns were negatively influenced by social presence (β=−.375; t312=4.494) and mindful anthropomorphism (β=−.112; t312=1.970). Privacy concerns (β=−.273; t312=9.558), social presence (β=.265; t312=4.314), and mindless anthropomorphism (β=.405; t312=7.145) predicted the trust in CAs, which further promoted the intention to disclose information (β=.675; t312=21.163), the intention to continuously use CAs (β=.190; t312=4.874), and satisfaction (β=.818; t312=46.783). Conclusions The findings show that a high anthropomorphic level of agent appearance and verbal cues could improve the perceptions of mindful anthropomorphism and mindless anthropomorphism as well as social presence. Furthermore, mindless anthropomorphism and social presence significantly promoted patients’ trust in CAs, and mindful anthropomorphism and social presence decreased privacy concerns. It is also worth noting that trust was an important antecedent and determinant of patients’ acceptance of CAs, including their satisfaction, intention to disclose information, and intention to continuously use CAs.
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Nowak, Kristine L., and Frank Biocca. "The Effect of the Agency and Anthropomorphism on Users' Sense of Telepresence, Copresence, and Social Presence in Virtual Environments." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 12, no. 5 (October 2003): 481–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/105474603322761289.
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We report on an experiment that examined the influence of anthropomorphism and perceived agency on presence, copresence, and social presence in a virtual environment. The experiment varied the level of anthropomorphism of the image of interactants: high anthropomorphism, low anthropomorphism, or no image. Perceived agency was manipulated by telling the participants that the image was either an avatar controlled by a human, or an agent controlled by a computer. The results support the prediction that people respond socially to both human and computer-controlled entities, and that the existence of a virtual image increases tele-presence. Participants interacting with the less-anthropomorphic image reported more copresence and social presence than those interacting with partners represented by either no image at all or by a highly anthropomorphic image of the other, indicating that the more anthropomorphic images set up higher expectations that lead to reduced presence when these expectations were not met.
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Triantos, Alexandros, Emmanuella Plakoyiannaki, Evaggelia Outra, and Nikolaos Petridis. "Anthropomorphic packaging: is there life on “Mars”?" European Journal of Marketing 50, no. 1/2 (February 8, 2016): 260–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-12-2012-0692.
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Purpose – Anthropomorphism is the innate human tendency to attribute human or human-like characteristics to non-human entities or objects. Even though it is widely used by marketing practitioners, there is a scarcity of academic research that systematically attempts to capture this phenomenon. The aim of the current study is to investigate anthropomorphism in product packages of the 2010 Nielsen’s Top 100 grocery brands in the UK. Design/methodology/approach – This study uses a mixed-method design combining quantitative content analysis and correspondence analysis. The former methodology allowed for documentation of anthropomorphic package elements, whereas the latter facilitated the study of structural relationships between anthropomorphic cues and product-related attributes such as type, category and target market. Findings – The findings reveal that anthropomorphism is widely used in the packaging of grocery brands in the sample investigated. Moreover, the evidence shows that there appears to be an association between anthropomorphism and product-related attributes. Research limitations/implications – The current study contributes to both theory and practice. It illuminates the under-investigated interface of anthropomorphism and marketing by capturing anthropomorphic elements appearing in product packaging. The combination of anthropomorphic package elements and product-related attributes may assist managers in designing their packages to provide unique product experiences. Originality/value – This study serves as a roadmap for both academics and practitioners wishing to engage in a fruitful dialogue on the emerging area of anthropomorphic marketing.
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Delgado-Ballester, Elena, Mariola Palazón, and Jenny Peláez. "Anthropomorphized vs objectified brands: which brand version is more loved?" European Journal of Management and Business Economics 29, no. 2 (November 14, 2019): 150–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejmbe-04-2019-0063.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to deal with the role of the human metaphor (anthropomorphism) and consumers’ liking for the humanized version of the brand as antecedents of three key components of brand love: self-brand integration, positive emotional connection and feelings of anticipated separation distress. Design/methodology/approach A sample of 399 consumers provided information about a brand from a stated list of 16 brands of clothing. Findings Both anthropomorphism and consumers’ liking for the humanized brand have positive effects on specific components of brand love. The results confirm that brand anthropomorphism is only desirable when the humanized version of the brand is attractive for consumers. Research limitations/implications A potential shortcoming is the qualitative technique employed to observe anthropomorphic thought. Collecting ratings of anthropomorphic and non-anthropomorphic traits could be viewed as a method more easily applied in market research surveys. Practical implications Managers have to control how consumers imagine the brand as a human entity because it affects brand love. For example, by tracking consumers’ opinions and traits of those people associated with the brand and brand user stereotypes can condition consumers’ imagination of the humanized brand. Originality/value Compared to the limited number of studies about the relationship between anthropomorphism and brand love, this study focuses on the effects of anthropomorphism as a process, and not as a personal trait, on brand love. It also relies on consumers’ imagination instead of brand personification strategies to stimulate anthropomorphism.
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Zhu, Dong Hong, and Ya Ping Chang. "Robot with humanoid hands cooks food better?" International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 32, no. 3 (April 13, 2020): 1367–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-10-2019-0904.
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Purpose Robotic chefs are starting to replace human chefs in restaurant industry. Whether customers have a good food quality prediction may have an important effect on their patronage decision. Based on the stereotype content model, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of robotic chef anthropomorphism on food quality prediction through warmth and competence. Design/methodology/approach An empirical analysis was done to test the theoretical model by using the SmartPLS software. A nonhuman-like robotic chef and a robotic chef with humanoid hands were used as background materials in the questionnaire. The effective sample was 221. Findings Robotic chef anthropomorphism affects food quality prediction through the sequential mediators of warmth and competence. Age is a significant control variable. Research limitations/implications Robotic chef anthropomorphism positively affects food quality prediction. The halo effect of warmth perception on competence perception should be considered in the context of robot anthropomorphism. Practical implications Restaurants which feature robotic chefs should use robotic chefs with anthropomorphic designs and promote the anthropomorphic elements of robotic chefs in advertisements. Social implications The anthropomorphic design of robot chefs will facilitate the development of artificial intelligence in restaurants in the future. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is one of the first to focus on how robotic chef anthropomorphism affects food quality prediction and reveals the roles of warmth and competence in the influence of robotic chef anthropomorphism on food quality prediction.
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Heck, Paul L. "Signs of Skepticism in Early Abbasid Literature: The Case of al-Jāḥiẓ (d. 255/869)." Journal of Abbasid Studies 2, no. 2 (November 6, 2015): 220–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22142371-12340019.
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The well-known littérateur, al-Jāḥiẓ, was heavily invested in the theological controversies of his time. A chief object of dispute was anthropomorphism (tashbīh). For al-Jāḥiẓ, who had great confidence in the mind to discover all truths and also in the language of the Arabs to express these truths with clarity, anthropomorphist belief amounted to muddled thinking. In his view, the partisans of anthropomorphism simply did not understand how to interpret the language of scripture, nor did they grasp the rational criteria on the basis of which claims to knowledge could be satisfactorily made. Al-Jāḥiẓ attacked anthropomorphist belief (and related topics) in varied theological treatises, but he also took on anthropomorphism in some of his literary treatises, notablyThe Superiority of the Belly to the BackandThe Book of Squaring and Circling. These two literary treatises not only bear the marks of theological controversy, they are also “teaching” tools indicating that al-Jāḥiẓ deployed a skeptical strategy in quasi-satirical form as a way to inculcate in the partisans of anthropomorphism doubts about their own beliefs.
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Feng, Wenting. "When lonely people encounter anthropomorphic products." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 44, no. 10 (November 10, 2016): 1649–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2016.44.10.1649.
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By conducting 2 experiments, I investigated the influence of loneliness on consumers' attitudes toward the degree of anthropomorphism of products (high, medium, or low). In Study 1, I recruited 186 participants to categorize a cellphone as hedonic, neutral, or utilitarian, then rate its anthropomorphism in order to examine the effect of loneliness on consumers' preferences. Results showed that nonlonely consumers preferred products with high, vs. low or medium, anthropomorphism. However, the relationship between the favorite products of lonely consumers and anthropomorphic degree presented as an inverted U-shaped curve. In Study 2, I recruited 553 participants to extend Study 1 and investigate the moderating role of product category on the loneliness–anthropomorphism preference relationship. Results demonstrated that lonely people preferred hedonic products with high anthropomorphism and utilitarian products with low anthropomorphism above all others. Thus, I have contributed to loneliness theory and highlighted associated managerial implications.
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Chen, Kuan-Ju, and Jhih-Syuan Lin. "Revisiting the effects of anthropomorphism on brand relationship outcomes: the moderating role of psychological disposition." European Journal of Marketing 55, no. 8 (April 5, 2021): 2174–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-07-2018-0471.
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Purpose Given the thriving attention paid to brand personification in marketing, this paper aims to delve into consumers’ psychological traits that may moderate the positive anthropomorphic effects on brand outcomes specific to relationship marketing. Design/methodology/approach A theoretical model was proposed based on a review of the extant literature. Study 1 conducted an online survey and used confirmatory factor analysis to validate the constructs significantly correlated with anthropomorphic processing. Two follow-up studies (Study 2a and 2b) using experimental designs were performed to provide evidence substantiating the moderated mediation in the process. Findings Based on the results across the three studies, motivational, rather than cognitive, disposition significantly correlates with perceived anthropomorphism and brand relationship outcomes. Need for belonging serves as a sociality moderator in strengthening the mediating effects of perceived anthropomorphism on brand attachment and brand experience, respectively. Parasocial interaction serves as an effectance moderator in augmenting the mediating effects of perceived anthropomorphism on brand attachment. Research limitations/implications This research extends and contrasts the theoretical grounding for anthropomorphism as a set of situational consumer perceptions by integrating its boosting factors in social psychology with emerging brand constructs in marketing and consumer behavior research. More studies are encouraged to probe into the complex anthropomorphic phenomenon. Practical implications This research sheds light on marketers’ strategic management efforts in implementing brand personification to target a wide range of market segments with diverse psychological disposition. Originality/value Conceiving anthropomorphism as an in-process situational output in information processing, this research provides further understanding of the psychological traits that facilitate the construction of consumer-brand relationships through anthropomorphic perceptions in the context of brand personification.
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Serpell, James. "Anthropomorphism and Anthropomorphic Selection—Beyond the "Cute Response"." Society & Animals 10, no. 4 (2002): 437–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853002320936926.
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AbstractThis article explores the origin and evolutionary implications of anthropomorphism in the context of our relationships with animal companions. On the human side, anthropomorphic thinking enables animal companions' social behavior to be construed in human terms, thereby allowing these nonhuman animals to function for their human owners or guardians as providers of nonhuman social support. Absence of social support is known to be detrimental to human health and well being. Therefore, anthropomorphism and its corollary, pet keeping, have obvious biological fitness implications. On the animal side, anthropomorphism constitutes a unique evolutionary selection pressure, analogous to sexual selection, which has molded the appearance, anatomy, and behavior of companion animal species so as to adapt them to their unusual ecological niche as social support providers. Although such species undoubtedly have benefited numerically from the effects of this process, the consequences of anthropomorphism are less benign when viewed from the perspective of individual animals. Indeed, anthropomorphic selection probably is responsible for some of the more severe welfare problems currently found in companion animals.
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Serpell, James. "Anthropomorphism and Anthropomorphic Selection—Beyond the "Cute Response"." Society & Animals 11, no. 1 (2003): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853003321618864.
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AbstractThis article explores the origin and evolutionary implications of anthropomorphism in the context of our relationships with animal companions. On the human side, anthropomorphic thinking enables animal companions' social behavior to be construed in human terms, thereby allowing these nonhuman animals to function for their human owners or guardians as providers of nonhuman social support. Absence of social support is known to be detrimental to human health and well being. Therefore, anthropomorphism and its corollary, pet keeping, have obvious biological fitness implications. On the animal side, anthropomorphism constitutes a unique evolutionary selection pressure, analogous to sexual selection, which has molded the appearance, anatomy, and behavior of companion animal species so as to adapt them to their unusual ecological niche as social support providers. Although such species undoubtedly have benefited numerically from the effects of this process, the consequences of anthropomorphism are less benign when viewed from the perspective of individual animals. Indeed, anthropomorphic selection probably is responsible for some of the more severe welfare problems currently found in companion animals.
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Jin, Xinyi, and Min Qian. "A Review of Brand Anthropomorphism Marketing Research." BCP Business & Management 14 (November 24, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v14i.69.
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Brand anthropomorphism extends and develops the special relationship between consumers and brands by injecting human characteristics, motives, subjective intentions, behaviors and emotions into specific brands. Brand anthropomorphism, as a brand marketing strategy, plays a very important role in brand building and communication. Therefore, the current theoretical circle of brand anthropomorphic marketing is gradually heating up. In this paper, the literature of anthropomorphic brand marketing at home and abroad, the brand personified and anthropomorphic marketing concept, the brand personified the composition of the dimension and measurement, the brand personified as related variables, etc on the existing research results, and on this basis in the field of the future research direction was prospected.
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Jones, Adam W. "Philo’s Influence on Understanding Divine Anthropomorphism." Evangelical Quarterly 91, no. 1 (April 26, 2020): 50–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/27725472-09101003.
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Divine anthropomorphisms are prevalent in the Old Testament. Authors of Old Testament works seemingly had no reservations with using human qualities to describe God. During the Second Temple period Greek philosophy began to influence the interpretation of texts that describe God using anthropomorphisms. This shift in understanding God is evidenced in translation tendencies in the Septuagint and in Philo’s reading of Hebrew Scripture. The elements of proto-Gnosticism found in Philo’s writings are at times closely related to his interpretation of anthropomorphism. Since Philo’s understanding of such figures of speech has been the historic majority view, it is important to evaluate his method of interpretation to determine whether this understanding of divine anthropomorphism is rooted in Scripture or his philosophical tradition.
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Roberts, Andrew J., Simon Handley, and Vince Polito. "The Consequences of Anthropomorphic and Teleological Beliefs in a Global Pandemic." Behavioral Sciences 14, no. 2 (February 19, 2024): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs14020146.
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To describe something in terms of its purpose or function is to describe its teleology. Previous studies have found that teleological beliefs are positively related to anthropomorphism, and that anthropomorphism decreases the perceived unpredictability of non-human agents. In the current study, we explore these relationships using the highly salient example of beliefs about the coronavirus pandemic. Results showed that both anthropomorphism and teleology were negatively associated with perceived uncertainty and threat, and positively associated with self-reported behavioural change in response to the pandemic. These findings suggest that highly anthropomorphic and teleological individuals may view coronavirus as agentive and goal-directed. While anthropomorphic and teleological beliefs may facilitate behavioural change in response to the pandemic, we also found that the associated reduction in uncertainty and threat may be detrimental to behavioural change. We discuss the implications of these findings for messaging about global events more broadly.
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Fincannon, Thomas D., Tim Smoker, and Michael Pate. "Variations in Perceived Emotional Intensity by Levels of Anthropomorphism in 3D Modeling." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 10 (September 2005): 896–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504901005.
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The purpose of this study was to examine various levels of anthropomorphism on perceived intensities of emotion with 3D computer images. Previous research has indicated that less attention to detail in virtual environments and lower levels of anthropomorphism in images result in greater levels of presence and social presence respectively. Images were designed to be happy, sad, or neutral in both high and low anthropomorphic conditions. Participants observed the images and rated the intensity of the expressed emotion on a 7-point Likert Scale. The intensity of expressed emotion for happy and sad conditions was averaged for each participant. Using this average, the low anthropomorphic condition reported significantly greater intensities of emotion than the high anthropomorphic condition. There were no significant differences between high and low anthropomorphic conditions of the neutral face.
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Pramesti, Diesyana Ajeng, and Mugi Harsono. "Antropomorfisme Merek dalam Kajian Filsafat Ilmu." Jurnal Manajerial 10, no. 01 (January 27, 2023): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30587/jurnalmanajerial.v10i1.4666.
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Background – Anthropomorphism refers to the customer's tendency to think of a human characteristic that is in a product or brand and has become a brand positioning strategy that has received attention in marketing research in recent years. Anthropomorphism strategy is needed and becomes an effective alternative strategy in marketing communication, but there is some debate about the success of anthropomorphism strategy in marketing communication. The discrepancy in the findings of the debate makes the anthropomorphism strategy interesting for further research, especially on consumer attitudes.
Aim – Anthropomorphism concept is very important in developing a brand for the consumers. Marketing strategies can provide information about the introduction and market’s problems, provide information on alternative solutions, analysis of alternative solutions, and evaluation. The anthropomorphism strategy is used to get closer and communicate the brand to the consumers. This study develops a conceptual framework that describes the philosophy of science about brand anthropomorphism from a marketing perspective.
Design/methodology/approach – This study uses secondary data in the form of literature studies and mapping on 78 articles published in Scopus-indexed journals, especially Q1 and Q2 for 47 years from 1975 to 2021. The framework is presented in 3 main aspects that are ontology, epistemology, and axiology. That aspect is discussed in depth in accordance with the development of existing scientific studies.
Findings – Brand anthropomorphism is one of the most effective marketing strategies to bring brands closer to their consumers. This study found the antecedents and consequences of brand anthropomorphism, such as brand image congruity, anthropomorphic advertisement, customer intention, willingness to register, etc. These findings, theoretically, it is expected to provide a roadmap for further anthropomorphism research and practice as the input in determining marketing strategies for companies.
Research implication – A conceptual model of brand anthropomorphism is presented with an explanation of the influencing factors and the factors that are influenced. This study can help for further research about anthropomorphism.
Limitations – This study only refers to Scopus Q1 and Q2 for 47 years from 1975 until 2021.
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Bartz, Jennifer A., Kristina Tchalova, and Can Fenerci. "Reminders of Social Connection Can Attenuate Anthropomorphism." Psychological Science 27, no. 12 (October 25, 2016): 1644–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797616668510.
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It is a fundamental human need to secure and sustain a sense of social belonging. Previous research has shown that individuals who are lonely are more likely than people who are not lonely to attribute humanlike traits (e.g., free will) to nonhuman agents (e.g., an alarm clock that makes people get up by moving away from the sleeper), presumably in an attempt to fulfill unmet needs for belongingness. We directly replicated the association between loneliness and anthropomorphism in a larger sample ( N = 178); furthermore, we showed that reminding people of a close, supportive relationship reduces their tendency to anthropomorphize. This finding provides support for the idea that the need for belonging has causal effects on anthropomorphism. Last, we showed that attachment anxiety—characterized by intense desire for and preoccupation with closeness, fear of abandonment, and hypervigilance to social cues—was a stronger predictor of anthropomorphism than loneliness was. This finding helps clarify the mechanisms underlying anthropomorphism and supports the idea that anthropomorphism is a motivated process reflecting the active search for potential sources of connection.
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Duvall Antonacopoulos, Nikolina M., and Timothy A. Pychyl. "The Possible Role of Companion-Animal Anthropomorphism and Social Support in the Physical and Psychological Health of Dog Guardians." Society & Animals 18, no. 4 (2010): 379–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853010x524334.
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AbstractWhile previous research suggests that individuals who humanize their companion animals may have insufficient human social support (Epley, Waytz, & Cacioppo, 2007), researchers have not examined the relation between companion-animal anthropomorphism and the health of animal guardians while taking into consideration their human social support levels. It was hypothesized that dog guardians with low levels of human social support would have poorer health if they engaged in high rather than low levels of anthropomorphism, while the health of dog guardians with high levels of human social support would not vary depending on their anthropomorphism levels. A sample of 203 Canadian dog guardians completed an online survey. Results revealed that, among dog guardians with low levels of human social support, those who engaged in high levels of anthropomorphism were more depressed, visited the doctor more often, and took more medications. Furthermore, among dog guardians with high levels of human social support, those who engaged in high levels of anthropomorphism were more stressed and depressed. These findings highlight the complexity of the relationship between anthropomorphic behavior, human social support, and dog guardians’ health.
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Elena, Seredkina. "Philosophical Foundations of Applied Anthropomorphism In Social Robotics." Technologos, no. 4 (2020): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/perm.kipf/2020.4.05.
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This article is devoted to the philosophical foundations of anthropomorphism in the context of Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), a new interdisciplinary field of research. On the basis of modern scientific works, a positive concept of anthropomorphism as a cognitive mechanism ensuring human adaptation to a complex external environment is formulated. The theoretical principles of applied anthropomorphism (AA) are being developed to identify the conditions for activating anthropomorphic projections in a user during an HRI act. There are two key factors in the structure of AA: appearance and autonomous behaviour. Asymmetry principle is formulated: behavioral realism is more important than highly anthropomorphic appearance. The principle of coherence is formulated: the necessity of synchronisation of the appearance and the robot's behaviour, that is, the level of development of behavioral patterns of the robotic system determines the degree of its anthropomorphism. Various forms of anthropomorphism are distinguished. These differences can be described in terms of involvement in cognitive activity. Anthropomorphism as passive ascription and simple projection receives negative assessment in social robotics, while anthropomorphism, which is deduced from autonomous robots behaviour or initiated by them, is assessed positively. The epistemological foundations of the robotic revolution of the late 80s-early 90s of the XX century are analysed; the methodology of "behavior-based robotics" is examined thoroughly. The behavioral approach in robotics is based on the concept of weak artificial intelligence, within which computational operations and functions of a machine represent concatenation of processes and can lead to the illusion of intelligence in a robot, primarily due to projective intelligence from a human-observer side. These questions are analysed in the context of modern philosophical theories, such as second-order cybernetics, autopoiesis. Anthropomorphism as active ascription of cognitive or emotional states to the robot from the observer side in order to rationalise the behaviour of the object is correlated with D. Dennett's intentional stance. At the end of the article, the phenomenon of attribution of human characteristics to non-human entities in Eastern religious cults is studied. The question of the ontological status of gods and robots is raised.
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Gottstein, Alon Goshen. "The Body as Image of God in Rabbinic Literature." Harvard Theological Review 87, no. 2 (April 1994): 171–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816000032776.
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The liberation of rabbinic theology from the reins of medieval theology is still underway. One of the central issues that sets rabbinic theology apart from later medieval developments is the attribution of body or form to the godhead. Even though the anthropomorphic tendency of rabbinic thought is widely recognized, it is still early to speak of a learned consensus on this issue. The standard work on the topic remains Arthur Marmorstein'sEssays in Anthropomorphism, written in 1937. Marmorstein recognized the anthropomorphic tendency of rabbinic thinking. His way of dealing, both theologically and scholastically, with the issue was to suggest the existence of two schools in the tannaitic period. According to Marmorstein, the schools of Rabbi Akiva and Rabbi Ishmael were divided on the question of the literality of the understanding of the biblical text. Rabbi Akiva's literal reading gave rise to an anthropomorphic understanding of God. Rabbi Ishmael's nonliteral, or allegorical, reading brought about an opposition to anthropomorphism. This description of rabbinic anthropomorphism has informed the discussions of many scholars, including those who have dealt with our present topic—the image of God. I would, therefore, state my differences with this presentation.
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Trzebiński, Wojciech, Beata Marciniak, and Eliza Kulczycka. "Online recommenders’ anthropomorphism improves user response to hedonic and benefit-based product appeals through the recommenders’ perceived ability to learn." PLOS ONE 18, no. 6 (June 30, 2023): e0287663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287663.
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Previous studies reveal the limited effectiveness of benefit-based and hedonic-based product recommendations provided by online recommenders, and recommender anthropomorphism is considered a remedy. This paper aims to investigate the positive effect of anthropomorphism by involving the online recommender’s perceived ability to learn as a mediator. Based on schema congruity theory, perceived benefit/hedonic appeals appropriateness is considered a dependent variable. In Study 1, subtle anthropomorphic cues within an online recommender had a positive effect on perceived benefit-appeals appropriateness through the perceived ability to learn. Study 2 demonstrated the positive relationship between perceived anthropomorphism and perceived hedonic-appeal appropriateness, with the mediating role of the perceived ability to learn. The results advance the knowledge about consumer response to online recommenders from the perspective of anthropomorphism and schema congruity theory. Marketers and consumer organizations are advised on how to deal with online recommender systems providing benefit and hedonic appeals.
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Lawson-Guidigbe, Clarisse, Kahina Amokrane-Ferka, Nicolas Louveton, Benoit Leblanc, Virgil Rousseaux, and Jean-Marc André. "Anthropomorphic Design and Self-Reported Behavioral Trust: The Case of a Virtual Assistant in a Highly Automated Car." Machines 11, no. 12 (December 13, 2023): 1087. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines11121087.
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The latest advances in car automation present new challenges in vehicle–driver interactions. Indeed, acceptance and adoption of high levels of automation (when full control of the driving task is given to the automated system) are conditioned by human factors such as user trust. In this work, we study the impact of anthropomorphic design on user trust in the context of a highly automated car. A virtual assistant was designed using two levels of anthropomorphic design: “voice-only” and “voice with visual appearance”. The visual appearance was a three-dimensional model, integrated as a hologram in the cockpit of a driving simulator. In a driving simulator study, we compared the three interfaces: two versions of the virtual assistant interface and the baseline interface with no anthropomorphic attributes. We measured trust versus perceived anthropomorphism. We also studied the evolution of trust throughout a range of driving scenarios. We finally analyzed participants’ reaction time to takeover request events. We found a significant correlation between perceived anthropomorphism and trust. However, the three interfaces tested did not significantly differentiate in terms of perceived anthropomorphism while trust converged over time across all our measurements. Finally, we found that the anthropomorphic assistant positively impacts reaction time for one takeover request scenario. We discuss methodological issues and implication for design and further research.
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Esfahani, Mona Seyed, Nina Reynolds, and Melanie Ashleigh. "Mindful and Mindless Anthropomorphism: How to Facilitate Consumer Comprehension Towards New Products." International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 17, no. 03 (May 2020): 2050016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219877020500169.
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Individual’s perception of anthropomorphic platforms in promotion of really new products or novel innovations has not been examined fully. There are contradictions in the academic literature on how various presentations of social cues are perceived by audience mindlessly or mindfully. Perceived mindful and mindless anthropomorphism are explored in this study in order to understand its effect on individuals’ attitude, purchase intention and comprehension of new products. A single factor between-subject design using two innovative products and websites with four levels of social cues (voice, language, interactivity and social role) was used. Five hundred participants took part in the main experiment. Participants were randomly assigned to each experimental group. The analysis indicated that a human-like avatar is preferred by individuals over static avatar and perceived higher mindlessly. Interactive content didn’t improve individuals’ perceived mindless anthropomorphism. There was no significant increase in individuals’ mindful anthropomorphism in any condition. The study indicated perceived mindless anthropomorphism results into better comprehension, attitude and purchase intention towards really new products.
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Su, Aimiao, Shiping Liang, Yongqi Zeng, and Ziyin Dong. "Cuteness anthropomorphic purchase intention for unattractive products: The Mediating Role of Empathy." Advances in Economics and Management Research 7, no. 1 (July 28, 2023): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aemr.7.1.167.2023.
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Consumers usually prefer products with perfect appearance and attractiveness, as well as reject unattractive and low-attractive products, which puts forward higher requirements and thresholds for brand marketing and product design. Anthropomorphism is an effective communication element. Anthropomorphism of cuteness refers to anthropomorphizing the image of children or babies and endowing them with personality traits. Previous studies have shown that cute anthropomorphism has a significant impact on the purchase intention of unattractive products by affecting consumers' empathy. Empathy refers to the emotional response of individuals to the emotional state or painful experience of others.
This study is based on the realistic dilemma of unsalable unattractive products, combined with anthropomorphic marketing theory, and introduced the concept of empathy in the field of psychology. Aiming to study the impact of anthropomorphism on the purchase intention of unattractive products, and further test the mediating role of empathy and modulatory effects of cuteness elements, this study identifies the underlying psychological mechanisms that affect consumer empathy.
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Feng, Qiaoyu, Si Cheng, and Hu Meng. "Impact of Anthropomorphic Design on User Sentiment and Sustained Use Intention towards Household Healthcare." Sustainability 16, no. 10 (May 17, 2024): 4210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16104210.
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Although the household healthcare system is one of the cutting-edge application areas of anthropomorphic design, it remains to be further explored whether anthropomorphism is always effective. This article focuses on the context of aging-friendly household healthcare services and explores how anthropomorphic design affects users’ sustained use intention through sentiment feedback mechanisms. With the help of questionnaire surveys, 511 valid samples were randomly collected for empirical analysis and hypothesis testing. The results showed that positive interactions, cultural backgrounds, and appearance could enhance users’ perception of anthropomorphism from large to small. In addition, the positive (negative) sentiment of users plays a positive (negative) full mediating role in the relationship between anthropomorphic design and sustained use intention, and user technology anxiety moderates such relationships. That is, compared to low-level technology anxiety, in high-level states, anthropomorphic design for household healthcare systems and products has a weaker (stronger) positive (negative) effect on sustained use intention through positive (negative) emotions.
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Kucuk, S. Umit. "Reverse (brand) anthropomorphism: the case of brand hitlerization." Journal of Consumer Marketing 37, no. 6 (June 23, 2020): 651–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-11-2019-3487.
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Purpose Although marketer-generated brand anthropomorphism impacts on positive company returns is studied broadly, consumer-generated brand anthropomorphisms that focus on demonizing and hitlerizing brands is not extensively studied. This study aims to examine these consumer interpretations of the evil, its symbols and personifications of brands as evil, with a new concept: “reverse brand anthropomorphism.” Design/methodology/approach This paper provides a literature review of brand anthropomorphism and the application of the concept of evil. This paper also uses a qualitative analysis with consumer interviews to explore the proposed reverse brand anthropomorphism concept. Findings This study’s findings reveal that consumers see corporations as consciously evil, loosely as an embodiment of Adolf Hitler. Consumer interviews points out that corporate brand power aimed at controlling consumer value systems is associated with “evil,” an evil that secretly aims at possessing consumers and controlling their consumption practices. The findings of this study indicate that consumers also develop their own alternative moral market value systems, ones parallel to religious morality. Although “evil” imagery is often found distractive and disrespectful by consumers, the younger generation accept it as a new and alternative form of market speech. Originality/value This is the first study to introduces and conceptualize a “reverse brand anthropomorphism” concept with examples of consumer brand hitlerization semiotics. Further, this study is also the first study to discuss evil in a consumption context.
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Karlsson, Fredrik. "Anthropomorphism and Mechanomorphism." Humanimalia 3, no. 2 (February 12, 2012): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.52537/humanimalia.10051.
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The charge of anthropomorphism is still efficient in many academic corners to muffle those who speak about the emotional life of other animals. To project human properties onto other animals have been taken to be a categorical error. In human-animal studies, though, anthropomorphic projections are argued to be helpful analogues to describe other animals. The threat has, instead, been construed as ‘mechanomorphism’, the habit of projecting mechanical symbols or properties onto other animals. This has accumulated to a resistance that is sometimes as categorical against describing animals by analogies to machines, as the resistance against anthropomorphism has been. This essay includes a short analysis of Images of Animals by Eileen Crist, and The New Anthropomorphism John S. Kennedy. In spite of the authors’ oppositional views, the analysis focuses on similarities between the authors. In conclusion, it is suggested that the aim of these works is to give fair descriptions of other animals. It is also suggested, as opposed to the analyzed approaches, that we need as great a plurality of symbols as possible if we are to describe other animals as fairly as possible.
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Ayu Shavira, Puspita. "Antropomorfisme Brand: Kampanye Digital Pencegahan Covid-19 Oleh Traveloka." Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi 10, no. 2 (September 25, 2020): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/jik.2020.10.2.125-140.
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Covid-19 has become a pandemic and the government is still trying to break the chain of this virus. Changes occur in many sectors in society, one of which is the accommodation and tourism sector. Traveloka, as one of the unicorn startups included in the accommodation and tourism sector, was also affected by the impact of Covid-19. In response to this complicated situation, Traveloka has adapted creatively by creating its latest advertisement in the form of a Covid-19 campaign. Traveloka tries to highlight the anthropomorphic side. The focus of this research is how Traveloka as a startup unicorn is able to capture millions of attention through personal closeness through anthropomorphism. The purpose of this research is to find out how brand anthropomorphism is in the Traveloka digital campaign as a social movement for the prevention of Covid-19. This study used a qualitative-descriptive approach by collecting data from in-depth interviews, observations, and literature studies. The result of this research is Traveloka uses anthropomorphism elements as an advertising attraction with anthropomorphic elements to generate sympathetic feelings from informants. This sympathetic feeling led to the informants' prosocial action to participate in fighting Covid-19.
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Graham, Jean E. "The Green Apocalypse and Empathy for Vegetal Life." Science Fiction Studies 51, no. 2 (July 2024): 221–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sfs.2024.a931153.
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ABSTRACT: Speculative fiction can contribute toward overcoming "plant awareness disparity" and also can help create empathy for plants rather than fear of an apocalypse. The Saga of the Swamp Thing (1987) by Alan Moore, relies on Swamp Thing's anthropomorphism (undermining the vegetal nature of flora) to oppose the apocalypse and create an empathetic response. The non-anthropomorphic carnivorous plants of John Wyndham's The Day of the Triffids (1954) never receive empathy from the human characters. In contrast, James Gunn's Transcendental (2013) depicts an invasive vegetal species which tells its own story, becoming empathetic without anthropomorphism.
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Willard, Aiyana K., Lubomír Cingl, and Ara Norenzayan. "Cognitive Biases and Religious Belief: A Path Model Replication in the Czech Republic and Slovakia With a Focus on Anthropomorphism." Social Psychological and Personality Science 11, no. 1 (April 15, 2019): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550619841629.
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We examined cognitive biases that underlie individual differences in supernatural beliefs in nationally representative samples from the Czech Republic and Slovakia (total N = 2,022). These countries were chosen because of their differing levels of religious belief despite their cultural similarity. Replicating a previous study with North American samples, we found that anthropomorphism was unrelated to belief in God but was consistently related to paranormal beliefs. Living in a highly religious area was related to a lower tendency to anthropomorphize. We examined this relationship further to find that anthropomorphism was related to belief in God for nonreligious participants, was inversely related to belief in God among religious Slovaks, and not related for religious Czechs. These findings suggest that anthropomorphism predicts belief in God for people who are unaffiliated, but this relationship disappears or is reversed for religious believers participating in a Christian religious tradition.
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Yue, Dan, Zepeng Tong, Jianchi Tian, Yang Li, Linxiu Zhang, and Yan Sun. "Anthropomorphic Strategies Promote Wildlife Conservation through Empathy: The Moderation Role of the Public Epidemic Situation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7 (March 30, 2021): 3565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073565.
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The global illegal wildlife trade directly threatens biodiversity and leads to disease outbreaks and epidemics. In order to avoid the loss of endangered species and ensure public health security, it is necessary to intervene in illegal wildlife trade and promote public awareness of the need for wildlife conservation. Anthropomorphism is a basic and common psychological process in humans that plays a crucial role in determining how a person interacts with other non-human agents. Previous research indicates that anthropomorphizing nature entities through metaphors could increase individual behavioral intention of wildlife conservation. However, relatively little is known about the mechanism by which anthropomorphism influences behavioral intention and whether social context affects the effect of anthropomorphism. This research investigated the impact of negative emotions associated with a pandemic situation on the effectiveness of anthropomorphic strategies for wildlife conservation across two experimental studies. Experiment 1 recruited 245 college students online and asked them to read a combination of texts and pictures as anthropomorphic materials. The results indicated that anthropomorphic materials could increase participants’ empathy and decrease their wildlife product consumption intention. Experiment 2 recruited 140 college students online and they were required to read the same materials as experiment 1 after watching a video related to epidemics. The results showed that the effect of wildlife anthropomorphization vanished if participants’ negative emotion was aroused by the video. The present research provides experimental evidence that anthropomorphic strategies would be useful for boosting public support for wildlife conservation. However, policymakers and conservation organizations must be careful about the negative effects of the pandemic context, as the negative emotions produced by it seems to weaken the effectiveness of anthropomorphic strategies.
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Ketron, Seth, and Kelly Naletelich. "How anthropomorphic cues affect reactions to service delays." Journal of Services Marketing 34, no. 4 (March 16, 2020): 473–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsm-09-2019-0334.
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Purpose Service delays are of significant concern to both consumers and companies – delays cost both groups billions of dollars and lead to consumer frustration and switching activity. Therefore, determining means of overcoming negative consumer reactions to delays is important, and the authors propose that anthropomorphic facial expressions could be one of those means. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to test the effects of anthropomorphic cues (namely, happy and sad faces) on consumer responses to service delays, depending on whether service providers are at fault for those delays. Design/methodology/approach Three experimental studies test the proposed effects. Findings Happy faces alongside messages about delays appear to provide no significant benefit to repatronage intentions compared to a non-anthropomorphic (control) condition, whether the service provider is or is not to blame. Meanwhile, sad faces are harmful when the provider is not to blame but can somewhat bolster repatronage intentions when the provider is at fault. Further, perceived sincerity of the facial expression and patience with the provider mediate these effects. Research limitations/implications The findings offer important insights into how anthropomorphic cues, including emojis, can influence consumer responses to service delays. The work, thus, offers clarity around instances in which anthropomorphism might lead to negative consumer responses. Practical implications Managers can use the findings to increase patience and mitigate potentially negative consumer responses when service delays occur. Originality/value This work adds clarity to the literature on anthropomorphism by showing how blame attributions for service delays can lead to different consumer responses to anthropomorphic cues. The findings also show how anthropomorphism can help to mitigate negative consumer responses to service delays.
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Waytz, Adam, John T. Cacioppo, Rene Hurlemann, Fulvia Castelli, Ralph Adolphs, and Lynn K. Paul. "Anthropomorphizing without Social Cues Requires the Basolateral Amygdala." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 31, no. 4 (April 2019): 482–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01365.
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Anthropomorphism, the attribution of distinctively human mental characteristics to nonhuman animals and objects, illustrates the human propensity for extending social cognition beyond typical social targets. Yet, its processing components remain challenging to study because they are typically all engaged simultaneously. Across one pilot study and one focal study, we tested three rare people with basolateral amygdala lesions to dissociate two specific processing components: those triggered by attention to social cues (e.g., seeing a face) and those triggered by endogenous semantic knowledge (e.g., imbuing a machine with animacy). A pilot study demonstrated that, like neurologically intact control group participants, the three amygdala-damaged participants produced anthropomorphic descriptions for highly socially salient stimuli but not for stimuli lacking clear social cues. A focal study found that the three amygdala participants could anthropomorphize animate and living entities normally, but anthropomorphized inanimate stimuli less than control participants. Our findings suggest that the amygdala contributes to how we anthropomorphize stimuli that are not explicitly social.
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Coles, Katharine. "Anthropomorphism." Antioch Review 60, no. 3 (2002): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4614366.
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Roesler, Eileen, Linda Onnasch, and Julia I. Majer. "The Effect of Anthropomorphism and Failure Comprehensibility on Human-Robot Trust." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, no. 1 (December 2020): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641028.
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The application of anthropomorphic features to robots is generally considered to be beneficial for human- robot interaction. Although previous research has mainly focused on social robots, the phenomenon gains increasing attention in industrial human-robot interaction, as well. In this study, the impact of anthropomorphic design of a collaborative industrial robot on the dynamics of trust is examined. Participants interacted with a robot, which was either anthropomorphically or technically designed and experienced either a comprehensible or an incomprehensible fault of the robot. Unexpectedly, the robot was perceived as less reliable in the anthropomorphic condition. Additionally, trust increased after faultless experience and decreased after failure experience independently of the type of error. Even though the manipulation of the design did not result in a different perception of the robot’s anthropomorphism, it still influenced the formation of trust. The results emphasize that anthropomorphism is no universal remedy to increase trust, but highly context dependent.
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Senin, Nurhanisah, Khadijah Mohd Khambali @ Hambali, Wan Adli Wan Ramli, and Mustafa Kamal Amat Misra. "Al-Ghazālī’s Approach in Refuting Anthropomorphism." Islamiyyat 44, IK (June 1, 2022): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/islamiyyat-2022-44ik-2.
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Anthropomorphism stands at the heart of many theological discourses and is among the most discussed issues by Muslim scholars. Anthropomorphic descriptions of God are mentioned in several Quranic verses and hadith for instance, God’s hand, God’s laughter, God’s heavenly throne, God’s hand and fingers and others. More often than not, anthropomorphic verses were interpreted in a different manner according to a scholar’s theological affinity. Thus, this paper aims to examine al-Ghazālī’s method in dealing with anthropomorphic verses. Imam al-Ghazālī was among the Asha‘irah scholars who wrote extensively on theological and philosophical issues. By adopting document analysis method, this study explores al-Ghazālī’s methods by analyzing his writings mainly in Iḥyā’ ‘Ulūm al-Dīn and Fayṣal al-Tafriqah baina al-Islām wa al-Zindiqah, Iljām al-Awām ‘an Ilm al-Kalām apart from his other treatises such as al-Iqtiṣād fī al-‘Itiqād and Qānūn al-Ta’wīl. It can be found that al-Ghazālī strongly affirms God’s incorporeality by renouncing God’s essence from any bodily figures, space, accidents and directions. Apart from that, al-Ghazālī offered two different approaches in understanding anthropomorphic verses for the learned and laymen. For the learned, al-Ghazālī allowed strict allegorical interpretation with its rules. As for laymen, al-Ghazālī suggested seven steps in understanding antrhopomophic verses in ensuring the sanctity of God’s Essence from any figurative literal interpretation. In sum, this study demonstrates al-Ghazālī’s holistic approach in refuting anthropomorphism that includes the learned and laymen and ensuring one’s creed is preserved from any figurative understanding of God.
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Wood, Matthew. "The Potential for Anthropomorphism in Communicating Science: Inspiration from Japan." Cultures of Science 2, no. 1 (March 2019): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/209660831900200103.
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Anthropomorphism—the attribution of human characteristics to non-human animals or inanimate objects—is commonplace in many cultures around the world, but is particularly prominent and pervasive in Japan. Talking furniture on children's TV, vegetable mascots for city governments, an animated letter ‘e’ to promote online tax returns—there seems to be no limit to what can be anthropomorphized, and no corner of the culture where it is considered out of place. This of course includes efforts to communicate science, where we can find test tube narrators, angry viruses, friendly chemical elements, and a whole lot more. Scientists, on the other hand, are less enthusiastic about anthropomorphism in scientific discussions and tend to consider it to be inaccurate and unscientific. In science, thinking or communicating in anthropomorphic terms is generally derided. Where, then, does this leave the talking microbes and smiling proteins of Japanese science communication? While the literature has quite a lot to say about anthropomorphism, there is nothing specifically about its use for science communication. This paper draws on examples from Japan to consider the potential roles of anthropomorphism in the communication of science and related issues.
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Wu, Jinchun, Xiaoxi Du, Yixuan Liu, Wenzhe Tang, and Chengqi Xue. "How the Degree of Anthropomorphism of Human-like Robots Affects Users’ Perceptual and Emotional Processing: Evidence from an EEG Study." Sensors 24, no. 15 (July 24, 2024): 4809. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24154809.
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Anthropomorphized robots are increasingly integrated into human social life, playing vital roles across various fields. This study aimed to elucidate the neural dynamics underlying users’ perceptual and emotional responses to robots with varying levels of anthropomorphism. We investigated event-related potentials (ERPs) and event-related spectral perturbations (ERSPs) elicited while participants viewed, perceived, and rated the affection of robots with low (L-AR), medium (M-AR), and high (H-AR) levels of anthropomorphism. EEG data were recorded from 42 participants. Results revealed that H-AR induced a more negative N1 and increased frontal theta power, but decreased P2 in early time windows. Conversely, M-AR and L-AR elicited larger P2 compared to H-AR. In later time windows, M-AR generated greater late positive potential (LPP) and enhanced parietal-occipital theta oscillations than H-AR and L-AR. These findings suggest distinct neural processing phases: early feature detection and selective attention allocation, followed by later affective appraisal. Early detection of facial form and animacy, with P2 reflecting higher-order visual processing, appeared to correlate with anthropomorphism levels. This research advances the understanding of emotional processing in anthropomorphic robot design and provides valuable insights for robot designers and manufacturers regarding emotional and feature design, evaluation, and promotion of anthropomorphic robots.
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Bekojf, M. "Anthropomorphism and animal welfare revisited: Slater's challenge." Animal Welfare 2, no. 3 (August 1993): 296–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600016079.
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Professor Peter Slater's recent review of the late John S Kennedy's The New Anthropomorphism (Animal Welfare 1993, 2: 187-188) only weakly conveys the nature of Professor Kennedy's strong and sometimes one-sided message concerning the presumed ills of anthropomorphism. Nonetheless, Slater presents a challenge that is more important than his review of Kennedy's book. While Slater is right in believing that Kennedy's ideas will be irritating to some, it should be noted that Kennedy's book will offend not only those who are fans of the careful use of anthropomorphic descriptions and explanations, but also will irritate those who want to see the issues discussed in a more fair, well-argued manner. See also M Ridley's review of this book, Nature 1992, 359: 280. In my view, readers of Animal Welfare should be exposed to some direct quotations from The New Anthropomorphism so that they can make up their own minds concerning some of Kennedy's claims.
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ISRAFILZADE, Khalil. "The Role of Generative AI and Anthropomorphism in Shaping Conversational Marketing: Creating a Matrix for Future Research." Eurasia Proceedings of Educational and Social Sciences 32 (January 3, 2024): 132–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.55549/epess.1412832.
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This research studies the interconnected relationship between Generative Artificial Intelligence and Anthropomorphism in the context of Conversational Marketing. The research highlights the transformative potential of Generative AI and the critical role of anthropomorphism in augmenting user experiences by tracing the evolution of Conversational Marketing in recent years. The paper introduces a novel matrix that highlights the impact of varying degrees of Generative AI and Anthropomorphism on Conversational Marketing outcomes. This matrix serves as an invaluable tool for both academics and industry professionals. It offers profound insights into potential synergies, as well as the challenges that arise from integrating different AI sophistication levels with varying degrees of anthropomorphic designs. The study emphasizes the importance of reaching a balance between the two elements to ensure optimal customer engagement and marketing strategy efficacy. Practical examples from each quadrant of the matrix reveal the real-world implications further, providing a comprehensive understanding of future research directions.
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Onnasch, Linda, and Clara Laudine Hildebrandt. "Impact of Anthropomorphic Robot Design on Trust and Attention in Industrial Human-Robot Interaction." ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction 11, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3472224.
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The application of anthropomorphic features to robots is generally considered beneficial for human-robot interaction (HRI ). Although previous research has mainly focused on social robots, the phenomenon gains increasing attention in industrial human-Robot interaction as well. In this study, the impact of anthropomorphic design of a collaborative industrial robot on the dynamics of trust and visual attention allocation was examined. Participants interacted with a robot, which was either anthropomorphically or non-anthropomorphically designed. Unexpectedly, attribute-based trust measures revealed no beneficial effect of anthropomorphism but even a negative impact on the perceived reliability of the robot. Trust behavior was not significantly affected by an anthropomorphic robot design during faultless interactions, but showed a relatively steeper decrease after participants experienced a failure of the robot. With regard to attention allocation, the study clearly reveals a distracting effect of anthropomorphic robot design. The results emphasize that anthropomorphism might not be an appropriate feature in industrial HRI as it not only failed to reveal positive effects on trust, but distracted participants from relevant task areas which might be a significant drawback with regard to occupational safety in HRI.
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Mota-Rojas, Daniel, Chiara Mariti, Andrea Zdeinert, Giacomo Riggio, Patricia Mora-Medina, Alondra del Mar Reyes, Angelo Gazzano, et al. "Anthropomorphism and Its Adverse Effects on the Distress and Welfare of Companion Animals." Animals 11, no. 11 (November 15, 2021): 3263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11113263.
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Anthropomorphic practices are increasing worldwide. Anthropomorphism is defined as the tendency to attribute human forms, behaviors, and emotions to non-human animals or objects. Anthropomorphism is particularly relevant for companion animals. Some anthropomorphic practices can be beneficial to them, whilst others can be very detrimental. Some anthropomorphic behaviors compromise the welfare and physiology of animals by interfering with thermoregulation, while others can produce dehydration due to the loss of body water, a condition that brings undesirable consequences such as high compensatory blood pressure and heat shock, even death, depending on the intensity and frequency of an animal’s exposure to these stressors. Malnutrition is a factor observed due to consumption of junk food or an imbalance in caloric proportions. This can cause obesity in pets that may have repercussions on their locomotor apparatus. Intense human–animal interaction can also lead to the establishment of attachment that impacts the mental state and behavior of animals, making them prone to develop aggression, fear, or anxiety separation syndrome. Another aspect is applying cosmetics to pets, though scientific studies have not yet determined whether cosmetic products such as coat dyes, nail polish, and lotions are beneficial or harmful for the animals, or to what extent. The cohabitation of animals in people’s homes can also constitute a public health risk due to infectious and zoonotic diseases. In this context, this paper aims to analyze the adverse effects of anthropomorphism on the welfare of companion animals from several angles—physiological, sanitary, and behavioral—based on a discussion of current scientific findings.
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Białek, Maja. "The New Anthropomorphism Debate and Researching Non-Human Animal Emotions: A Kantian Approach." Roczniki Filozoficzne 71, no. 3 (September 27, 2023): 205–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rf23713.10.
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Researchers of non-human animal emotions tend to defend some forms of anthropomorphism and seek ways to make it more critical, self-aware, and useful for scientific purposes. I propose that to achieve this goal, we need first to conduct a Kantian investigation into the deeper structure of anthropomorphism. I argue that we can distinguish at least three levels of anthropomorphising: a narrative level, a cognitive level and an in-between, metatheoretical level which is the deeper structure determining how we anthropomorphise. Because the current debate tends to focus either on the narrative level or on the cognitive level, this paper concentrates on the metatheoretical level, discusses its role in emotion research, the possible errors it may cause, and how we can work on it, drawing on predictive processing-based theories of emotions and an evolutionary approach. The key to being critical in anthropomorphism is to be aware of the complexity of this whole structure, as well as to be able to challenge and put into question all and any of its elements.
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Wilson, Brittany E. "The Scriptural Shape of God: Divine Anthropomorphisms in Synoptic Perspective." New Testament Studies 69, no. 2 (March 8, 2023): 138–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0028688522000364.
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AbstractAlthough an increasing number of works are focusing on depictions of God in the New Testament, none so far specifically focus on how these depictions rely on anthropomorphic language in their presentation of God. This article attends to this oversight by turning to the Synoptic Gospels (and the book of Acts) as a test case. Not only do these narratives lack an explicit anti-anthropomorphic agenda, but they also rely on divine anthropomorphisms that are derived from Jewish Scripture. To demonstrate this claim, the article concentrates on how Matthew and Luke expand Mark's anthropomorphic presentation of God and how Luke's presentation emerges as the most anthropomorphic of all. It also discusses how Mark, Matthew, and Luke's respective narratives depict God's human, or human-like, characteristics according to the following four categories: (1) God's human roles and titles, (2) God's depiction as an acting subject who speaks and desires to be in relationship with humans, (3) God's concrete presence located in space, and finally, (4) God's description as a character with recognisable body parts and other markers of corporeality. In the end, we shall see that anthropomorphism is a central component of God's characterisation in the Synoptics and that this anthropomorphic characterisation better enables readers to see the Jewish, scriptural shape of God as a personal deity who desires to be in relationship with humans.
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Akchurina-Muftieva, Nuria M. "Anthropomorphism and Zoomorphism in the Ornamental Art of the Crimean Tatars." Golden Horde Review 10, no. 1 (March 29, 2022): 229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2022-10-1.229-240.
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The author of the article reveals the problem of anthropomorphic and zoomorphic images in Islamic art, particularly in the Turkic ornamentation of the Crimea. Superficial, unscientific interpretations of motifs and ornamental compositions often lead to the search for and appropriation of anthropomorphism without appropriate research, loose interpretations of motifs, and the creation of a new mythology. Despite conservative views regarding the categorical denial of the permissiveness of the image of a person, there are many surviving works of fine and decorative art that confirm an opposite tradition. Currently, there are practically no studies of anthropomorphism and zoomorphism in the Turkic ornamentation of the Crimea, their typological and artistic features, and their symbolic context. Based on the material of decorative and applied art of the Crimean Tatars from the fourteenth century to the present, examples of zoomorphic and anthropomorphic ornamental images are provided in the article. They are stylized objects – fully, partially, or in the form of a silhouette – reflecting the surrounding real world of living beings. Complete naturalistic images (birds, fish, animals, insects) are found on objects until the first half of fifteenth century, and then starting again from the second half of eighteenth century. From the sixteenth to the first half of eighteenth centuries, anthropomorphic and zoomorphic motifs were depicted in a stylized form. The author of the study reveals the symbolism of the most common motifs, along with the typological and artistic features of the images. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the color, silhouette, and figurativeness of anthropomorphic and zoomorphic images in the Crimean Tatar decorative and applied art depend primarily on the material, technique, and functional purpose of the created object. In addition to images on objects, anthropomorphism is present as the silhouette of objects.