Journal articles on the topic 'Anthropomorphise'
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1
Caruana, Nathan, Rebekah C. White, and Anna Remington. "Autistic traits and loneliness in autism are associated with increased tendencies to anthropomorphise." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 74, no. 7 (March 27, 2021): 1295–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17470218211005694.
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Anthropomorphism—the attribution of human qualities to non-human objects—is believed to be a natural tendency which may serve several adaptive functions. One possibility is that anthropomorphism provides an egocentric heuristic by which we can understand the world. It may also be a strategy for reducing our subjective sense of loneliness. However, not all humans exhibit the same propensity to anthropomorphise. Recent findings suggest that autistic individuals may be more likely to anthropomorphise than non-autistic individuals. In Study 1, we conducted a large-scale survey of autistic traits and dispositional anthropomorphism in the general population ( n = 870). We found that individuals who reported having more autistic traits had an increased dispositional tendency to anthropomorphise non-human entities. In Study 2, we more closely examined variation in anthropomorphism tendencies in a sample of autistic adults ( n = 90) to better understand what might drive increased anthropomorphism in this population. We found that those with greater anthropomorphism tendencies experienced greater levels of self-reported loneliness. We propose that increased anthropomorphism might reflect reduced opportunities for social connection for autistic people and those with more autistic traits.
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Agrawal, Shivani, Naval Bajpai, and Utkal Khandelwal. "Recapitulation of brand anthropomorphism: An innovating marketing strategy." Marketing Review 20, no. 1 (August 31, 2020): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1362/146934720x15929907504139.
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The aim of this paper is to explain anthropomorphic marketing by illustrating the factors associated with the sociality motivation , effectance motivation, and elicited agent knowledge model (SEEK). This model was designed to explain anthropomorphic tendencies of a brand, as we do not know much about why people view non-human entities as human-like. In addition, this paper also focuses on how anthropomorphic representation strategies are used by marketers in the present scenario to build strong consumer-brand relationships and how these anthropomorphic marketing strategies affect the consumer-brand evaluation process. This paper examines the anthropomorphism of the brand by examining in depth the factors related to the SEEK model and explaining the anthropomorphic patterns of the market. It shows how consumers or advertisers view, imagine, interpret and exploit a non-human entity. Consumers can evaluate an anthropomorphic marketing strategy either positively or negatively. Therefore, marketers should use this tendency to anthropomorphise any brand or a product carefully. This literature review has important implications and it provides direction for researchers, as well as advanced investigation of brand anthropomorphism.
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Waytz, Adam, John T. Cacioppo, Rene Hurlemann, Fulvia Castelli, Ralph Adolphs, and Lynn K. Paul. "Anthropomorphizing without Social Cues Requires the Basolateral Amygdala." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 31, no. 4 (April 2019): 482–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01365.
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Anthropomorphism, the attribution of distinctively human mental characteristics to nonhuman animals and objects, illustrates the human propensity for extending social cognition beyond typical social targets. Yet, its processing components remain challenging to study because they are typically all engaged simultaneously. Across one pilot study and one focal study, we tested three rare people with basolateral amygdala lesions to dissociate two specific processing components: those triggered by attention to social cues (e.g., seeing a face) and those triggered by endogenous semantic knowledge (e.g., imbuing a machine with animacy). A pilot study demonstrated that, like neurologically intact control group participants, the three amygdala-damaged participants produced anthropomorphic descriptions for highly socially salient stimuli but not for stimuli lacking clear social cues. A focal study found that the three amygdala participants could anthropomorphize animate and living entities normally, but anthropomorphized inanimate stimuli less than control participants. Our findings suggest that the amygdala contributes to how we anthropomorphize stimuli that are not explicitly social.
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Seymour, William, and Max Van Kleek. "Exploring Interactions Between Trust, Anthropomorphism, and Relationship Development in Voice Assistants." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, CSCW2 (October 13, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3479515.
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Modern conversational agents such as Alexa and Google Assistant represent significant progress in speech recognition, natural language processing, and speech synthesis. But as these agents have grown more realistic, concerns have been raised over how their social nature might unconsciously shape our interactions with them. Through a survey of 500 voice assistant users, we explore whether users' relationships with their voice assistants can be quantified using the same metrics as social, interpersonal relationships; as well as if this correlates with how much they trust their devices and the extent to which they anthropomorphise them. Using Knapp's staircase model of human relationships, we find that not only can human-device interactions be modelled in this way, but also that relationship development with voice assistants correlates with increased trust and anthropomorphism.
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Seeger, Anna-Maria, Jella Pfeiffer, and Armin Heinzl. "Texting with Humanlike Conversational Agents: Designing for Anthropomorphism." Journal of the Association for Information Systems 22, no. 4 (2021): 931–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00685.
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Conversational agents (CAs) are natural language user interfaces that emulate human-to-human communication. Because of this emulation, research on CAs is inseparably linked to questions about anthropomorphism—the attribution of human qualities, including consciousness, intentions, and emotions, to nonhuman agents. Past research has demonstrated that anthropomorphism affects human perception and behavior in human-computer interactions by, for example, increasing trust and connectedness or stimulating social response behaviors. Based on the psychological theory of anthropomorphism and related research on computer interface design, we develop a theoretical framework for designing anthropomorphic CAs. We identify three groups of factors that stimulate anthropomorphism: technology design-related factors, task-related factors, and individual factors. Our findings from an online experiment support the derived framework but also reveal novel yet counterintuitive insights. In particular, we demonstrate that not all combinations of anthropomorphic technology design cues increase perceived anthropomorphism. For example, we find that using only nonverbal cues harms anthropomorphism; however, this effect becomes positive when nonverbal cues are complemented with verbal or human identity cues. We also find that CAs’ disposition to complete computerlike versus humanlike tasks and individuals’ disposition to anthropomorphize greatly affect perceived anthropomorphism. This work advances our understanding of anthropomorphism and contextualizes the theory of anthropomorphism within the IS discipline. We advise on the directions that research and practice should take to find the sweet spot for anthropomorphic CA design.
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Kim, Sara, Ke Zhang, and Daeun Park. "Don’t Want to Look Dumb? The Role of Theories of Intelligence and Humanlike Features in Online Help Seeking." Psychological Science 29, no. 2 (December 14, 2017): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797617730595.
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Numerous studies have shown that individuals’ help-seeking behavior increases when a computerized helper is endowed with humanlike features in nonachievement contexts. In contrast, the current research suggests that anthropomorphic helpers are not universally conducive to help-seeking behavior in contexts of achievement, particularly among individuals who construe help seeking as a display of incompetence (i.e., entity theorists). Study 1 demonstrated that when entity theorists received help from an anthropomorphized (vs. a nonanthropomorphized) helper, they were more concerned about negative judgments from other people, whereas incremental theorists were not affected by anthropomorphic features. Study 2 showed that when help was provided by an anthropomorphized (vs. a nonanthropomorphized) helper, entity theorists were less likely to seek help, even at the cost of lower performance. In contrast, incremental theorists’ help-seeking behavior and task performance were not affected by anthropomorphism. This research deepens the current understanding of the role of anthropomorphic computerized helpers in online learning contexts.
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Ryan, Mark. "In AI We Trust: Ethics, Artificial Intelligence, and Reliability." Science and Engineering Ethics 26, no. 5 (June 10, 2020): 2749–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11948-020-00228-y.
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Abstract One of the main difficulties in assessing artificial intelligence (AI) is the tendency for people to anthropomorphise it. This becomes particularly problematic when we attach human moral activities to AI. For example, the European Commission’s High-level Expert Group on AI (HLEG) have adopted the position that we should establish a relationship of trust with AI and should cultivate trustworthy AI (HLEG AI Ethics guidelines for trustworthy AI, 2019, p. 35). Trust is one of the most important and defining activities in human relationships, so proposing that AI should be trusted, is a very serious claim. This paper will show that AI cannot be something that has the capacity to be trusted according to the most prevalent definitions of trust because it does not possess emotive states or can be held responsible for their actions—requirements of the affective and normative accounts of trust. While AI meets all of the requirements of the rational account of trust, it will be shown that this is not actually a type of trust at all, but is instead, a form of reliance. Ultimately, even complex machines such as AI should not be viewed as trustworthy as this undermines the value of interpersonal trust, anthropomorphises AI, and diverts responsibility from those developing and using them.
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Wood, Matthew. "The Potential for Anthropomorphism in Communicating Science: Inspiration from Japan." Cultures of Science 2, no. 1 (March 2019): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/209660831900200103.
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Anthropomorphism—the attribution of human characteristics to non-human animals or inanimate objects—is commonplace in many cultures around the world, but is particularly prominent and pervasive in Japan. Talking furniture on children's TV, vegetable mascots for city governments, an animated letter ‘e’ to promote online tax returns—there seems to be no limit to what can be anthropomorphized, and no corner of the culture where it is considered out of place. This of course includes efforts to communicate science, where we can find test tube narrators, angry viruses, friendly chemical elements, and a whole lot more. Scientists, on the other hand, are less enthusiastic about anthropomorphism in scientific discussions and tend to consider it to be inaccurate and unscientific. In science, thinking or communicating in anthropomorphic terms is generally derided. Where, then, does this leave the talking microbes and smiling proteins of Japanese science communication? While the literature has quite a lot to say about anthropomorphism, there is nothing specifically about its use for science communication. This paper draws on examples from Japan to consider the potential roles of anthropomorphism in the communication of science and related issues.
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Konecki, Krzysztof T. "Pets of Konrad Lorenz. Theorizing in the social world of pet owners." Qualitative Sociology Review 3, no. 1 (April 12, 2007): 110–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.3.1.08.
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This article explores the personal account titled Man meets dog ([1949] 2002) by an outstanding ethologist Konrad Lorenz who is one of the key theoreticians of the social world of pet owners. His lines of argumentation and categories of pet perception within this social world may be reconstructed from his personal recollections. The concepts of the social world and arena are the key notions that integrate the current analysis. The arena is also formed in the course of the inner conversation and is often going together with the outer disputes of a social world . It might seem that Konrad Lorenz as a scientist and ethologist should avoid using anthropomorphic categories. However, as he shares the same space (including private space) and communicates with domestic animals, the author tends to anthropomorphise their behaviour, even though formally he opposes or even despises the idea, applying a disdainful term of “sentimental anthropomorphisation” to people who do so. Additionally, the article addresses the biographic context of the ethologist’s life and his writings together with the activities of the Second World War as well as his collaboration with the Nazi government. Konrad Lorenz represents the socalled “cult of nature” approach which, in the opinion of his opponents, has a lot in common with the Nazi doctrine (Sax 1997).
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Müller, Barbara C. N., Shengnan Chen, Sari R. R. Nijssen, and Simone Kühn. "How (not) to increase older adults’ tendency to anthropomorphise in serious games." PLOS ONE 13, no. 7 (July 10, 2018): e0199948. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199948.
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Chin, Matthew G., Ryan E. Yordon, Bryan R. Clark, Tatiana Ballion, Michael J. Dolezal, Randall Shumaker, and Neal Finkelstein. "Developing and Anthropomorphic Tendencies Scale." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 13 (September 2005): 1266–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504901311.
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A 208-item scale was developed to measure self-reported anthropomorphic tendencies during interactions with various non-human entities. The potential targets of anthropomorphism included technology-laden machines such as computers, other objects such as backpacks, living things such as houseplants, and abstract entities such as a god or higher power. Scale items assessed the degree to which participants agreed with statements regarding the perceived attributes of the entities, speech directed toward the entities and the treatment of the entities. A factor analysis suggested that the scale measures four independent types of anthropomorphism: “extreme” anthropomorphic tendencies, anthropomorphism of a god or higher power, anthropomorphism of pets, and “negative” anthropomorphism. Further analyses indicated that anthropomorphic tendencies were self-reported when pertaining to pets and a god or higher power. However, participants tended not to self-report inappropriate “negativeâ” anthropomorphism toward computers, cars, microwaves, etc. These disparate findings appear to be due to social desirability of anthropomorphism.
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Fu, Ruiheng, and Wei Xu. "How social exclusion and high self-esteem negatively affect consumer attitudes toward anthropomorphized products." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 49, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.9604.
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Empirical studies have demonstrated that the anthropomorphism of products has positive effects on consumers' attitudes and behaviors toward those products. However, our findings in two experiments suggest that product anthropomorphism might produce negative effects under certain conditions. People who were socially excluded and who had high self-esteem evaluated anthropomorphized products more negatively than did those with low self-esteem, and the distinctiveness motivation mediated the effect of this interaction of social exclusion and self-esteem on attitudes toward anthropomorphized products. Our findings extend extant knowledge of product anthropomorphism and provide marketing managers with practical suggestions for applying marketing strategies that utilize anthropomorphized products.
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Li, Ying, Yanfei Zhu, Guanqun Zhang, Junliang Zhou, Jinlai Liu, Zhuoxin Li, and Boqian He. "The Effects of Anthropomorphism, Message Framing, and Voice Type on Unhealthy Sleep Behavior in Young Users: The Mediating Role of Risk Perception." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 15 (August 4, 2022): 9570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159570.
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Insufficient sleep is a severe social public health problem that can adversely affect the physical and mental health of young people. This study examined risk perceptions for unhealthy sleep behaviors and intentions for healthy sleep behaviors under different combinations of anthropomorphism, message framing, and voice type in cartoons. We used a three-factor between-subject experiment of two (anthropomorphism: anthropomorphic vs. non-anthropomorphic) × two (message framing: positive frame vs. negative frame) × two (voice type: cartoon child voice vs. adult female voice) design. We examined the effects of different audiovisual combinations of cartoon attitude, risk perception, and behavioral intention and the mediating role of risk perception. The research results show that (1) the integration of anthropomorphic design elements can positively impact users’ attitudes toward cartoons; (2) when the interface information is presented in a negative frame, anthropomorphism can more positively influence users’ attitudes toward cartoons than non-anthropomorphism; and (3) anthropomorphism, message framing, and voice type in cartoons significantly interact with risk perception. In addition, risk perception mediates the influence of anthropomorphism, message framing, and voice type on behavioral intention.
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Triantos, Alexandros, Emmanuella Plakoyiannaki, Evaggelia Outra, and Nikolaos Petridis. "Anthropomorphic packaging: is there life on “Mars”?" European Journal of Marketing 50, no. 1/2 (February 8, 2016): 260–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-12-2012-0692.
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Purpose – Anthropomorphism is the innate human tendency to attribute human or human-like characteristics to non-human entities or objects. Even though it is widely used by marketing practitioners, there is a scarcity of academic research that systematically attempts to capture this phenomenon. The aim of the current study is to investigate anthropomorphism in product packages of the 2010 Nielsen’s Top 100 grocery brands in the UK. Design/methodology/approach – This study uses a mixed-method design combining quantitative content analysis and correspondence analysis. The former methodology allowed for documentation of anthropomorphic package elements, whereas the latter facilitated the study of structural relationships between anthropomorphic cues and product-related attributes such as type, category and target market. Findings – The findings reveal that anthropomorphism is widely used in the packaging of grocery brands in the sample investigated. Moreover, the evidence shows that there appears to be an association between anthropomorphism and product-related attributes. Research limitations/implications – The current study contributes to both theory and practice. It illuminates the under-investigated interface of anthropomorphism and marketing by capturing anthropomorphic elements appearing in product packaging. The combination of anthropomorphic package elements and product-related attributes may assist managers in designing their packages to provide unique product experiences. Originality/value – This study serves as a roadmap for both academics and practitioners wishing to engage in a fruitful dialogue on the emerging area of anthropomorphic marketing.
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Nowak, Kristine L., and Frank Biocca. "The Effect of the Agency and Anthropomorphism on Users' Sense of Telepresence, Copresence, and Social Presence in Virtual Environments." Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments 12, no. 5 (October 2003): 481–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/105474603322761289.
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We report on an experiment that examined the influence of anthropomorphism and perceived agency on presence, copresence, and social presence in a virtual environment. The experiment varied the level of anthropomorphism of the image of interactants: high anthropomorphism, low anthropomorphism, or no image. Perceived agency was manipulated by telling the participants that the image was either an avatar controlled by a human, or an agent controlled by a computer. The results support the prediction that people respond socially to both human and computer-controlled entities, and that the existence of a virtual image increases tele-presence. Participants interacting with the less-anthropomorphic image reported more copresence and social presence than those interacting with partners represented by either no image at all or by a highly anthropomorphic image of the other, indicating that the more anthropomorphic images set up higher expectations that lead to reduced presence when these expectations were not met.
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Neto, Maria Leonor, Marília Antunes, Manuel Lopes, Duarte Ferreira, James Rilling, and Diana Prata. "Oxytocin and vasopressin modulation of prisoner’s dilemma strategies." Journal of Psychopharmacology 34, no. 8 (March 24, 2020): 891–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881120913145.
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Background: The neuropeptides oxytocin and vasopressin have been repeatedly implicated in social decision making by enhancing social salience and, generally, cooperation. The iterated and sequential version of the prisoner’s dilemma (PD) game is a social dilemma paradigm eliciting strategies of cooperation versus competition. Aims: We aimed to characterise the role of PD players’ sex, game partner type (computer vs. human) and oxytocin or vasopressin inhalation on the player’s strategy preference. Methods: Participants (153 men; 151 women) were randomised to intranasal 24 IU oxytocin, 20 IU vasopressin or placebo, double-blind, and played the PD. We examined main and interactive effects of sex, drug and partner type on strategy preference. Results: We found a pervasive preference for a tit-for-tat strategy (i.e. general sensitivity to the partner’s choices) over unconditional cooperation, particularly when against a human rather than a computer partner. Oxytocin doubled this sensitivity in women (i.e. the preference for tit-for-tat over unconditional cooperation strategies) when playing against computers, which suggests a tendency to anthropomorphise them, and doubled women’s unconditional cooperation preference when playing against humans. Vasopressin doubled sensitivity to the partner’s previous choices (i.e. for tit-for-tat over unconditional cooperation) across sexes and partner types. Conclusions: These findings suggest that women may be more sensitive to oxytocin’s social effects of anthropomorphism of non-humans and of unconditional cooperation with humans, which may be consistent with evolutionary pressures for maternal care, and that vasopressin, irrespective of sex and partner type, may be generally sensitising humans to others’ behaviour.
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Hegner, Sabrina M., Anna Fenko, and Annemiek Teravest. "Using the theory of planned behaviour to understand brand love." Journal of Product & Brand Management 26, no. 1 (March 20, 2017): 26–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpbm-06-2016-1215.
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Purpose Brand love is perceived as one of the main objectives in brand management. Nevertheless, research into the factors influencing brand love are scarce. This paper aims to apply the theory of planned behaviour to the context of brand love and investigate the influence of several factors on brand love, including attitude towards loving a brand, subjective norm and perceived control factors, namely, the propensity to anthropomorphise and the affordability of the brand. Further, the influence of brand love on brand forgiveness is proven. Additionally, this research investigates the influence of involvement with the product category on the proposed relationship. Design/methodology/approach A survey (N = 274) was used to test the model in the context of fashion industry with the help of a convenience sample. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and (multi-group) structural equation modelling techniques assessed the proposed model. Findings Results show that the proposed model gives valuable insights to brand love, where involvement serves as a moderator. While the attitude towards loving a brand has a strong influence on brand love for both high and low involved consumers, affordability only plays a minor role for experiencing brand love. Subjective norm is found to facilitate brand love for high-involved consumers, while propensity to anthropomorphise leads to higher brand love for low involved consumers. Originality/value This paper demonstrates the applicability of the theory of planned behaviour to a consumer–brand relationship context. This adds to a deeper theoretical understanding of the managerially relevant construct of brand love. Further, the study demonstrates that brand lovers are more forgiving in times of disappointment. Introducing involvement into the research model provides valuable insights into the processes underlying brand love.
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Han, Bing, Liangyan Wang, and Xiang (Robert) Li. "To Collaborate or Serve? Effects of Anthropomorphized Brand Roles and Implicit Theories on Consumer Responses." Cornell Hospitality Quarterly 61, no. 1 (September 13, 2019): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1938965519874879.
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This article extends on the literature regarding brand anthropomorphism and contributes to hospitality and tourism literature by demonstrating that positioning of different anthropomorphic brand roles (partner vs. servant) attracts diverse consumers. Drawing from the results of three experiments in various contexts, we theorize that brand role and consumer implicit theories can interactively influence consumer responses. Specifically, consumers who subscribe to entity theory (vs. incremental theory) express more favorable responses to a brand anthropomorphized as a servant (vs. a partner) than to that as a partner (vs. a servant). Moreover, this study confirms that consumers’ perceived self-efficacy mediates this interaction effect. Findings enrich the hospitality and tourism literature by introducing a matching effect between brand role and implicit theories and offering insightful implications for hospitality and tourism brand managers, especially advertisers, around modifying brand roles based on consumers’ mind-sets.
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Jin, Xinyi, and Min Qian. "A Review of Brand Anthropomorphism Marketing Research." BCP Business & Management 14 (November 24, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v14i.69.
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Brand anthropomorphism extends and develops the special relationship between consumers and brands by injecting human characteristics, motives, subjective intentions, behaviors and emotions into specific brands. Brand anthropomorphism, as a brand marketing strategy, plays a very important role in brand building and communication. Therefore, the current theoretical circle of brand anthropomorphic marketing is gradually heating up. In this paper, the literature of anthropomorphic brand marketing at home and abroad, the brand personified and anthropomorphic marketing concept, the brand personified the composition of the dimension and measurement, the brand personified as related variables, etc on the existing research results, and on this basis in the field of the future research direction was prospected.
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Fincannon, Thomas D., Tim Smoker, and Michael Pate. "Variations in Perceived Emotional Intensity by Levels of Anthropomorphism in 3D Modeling." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 49, no. 10 (September 2005): 896–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120504901005.
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The purpose of this study was to examine various levels of anthropomorphism on perceived intensities of emotion with 3D computer images. Previous research has indicated that less attention to detail in virtual environments and lower levels of anthropomorphism in images result in greater levels of presence and social presence respectively. Images were designed to be happy, sad, or neutral in both high and low anthropomorphic conditions. Participants observed the images and rated the intensity of the expressed emotion on a 7-point Likert Scale. The intensity of expressed emotion for happy and sad conditions was averaged for each participant. Using this average, the low anthropomorphic condition reported significantly greater intensities of emotion than the high anthropomorphic condition. There were no significant differences between high and low anthropomorphic conditions of the neutral face.
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Delgado-Ballester, Elena, Mariola Palazón, and Jenny Peláez. "Anthropomorphized vs objectified brands: which brand version is more loved?" European Journal of Management and Business Economics 29, no. 2 (November 14, 2019): 150–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejmbe-04-2019-0063.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to deal with the role of the human metaphor (anthropomorphism) and consumers’ liking for the humanized version of the brand as antecedents of three key components of brand love: self-brand integration, positive emotional connection and feelings of anticipated separation distress. Design/methodology/approach A sample of 399 consumers provided information about a brand from a stated list of 16 brands of clothing. Findings Both anthropomorphism and consumers’ liking for the humanized brand have positive effects on specific components of brand love. The results confirm that brand anthropomorphism is only desirable when the humanized version of the brand is attractive for consumers. Research limitations/implications A potential shortcoming is the qualitative technique employed to observe anthropomorphic thought. Collecting ratings of anthropomorphic and non-anthropomorphic traits could be viewed as a method more easily applied in market research surveys. Practical implications Managers have to control how consumers imagine the brand as a human entity because it affects brand love. For example, by tracking consumers’ opinions and traits of those people associated with the brand and brand user stereotypes can condition consumers’ imagination of the humanized brand. Originality/value Compared to the limited number of studies about the relationship between anthropomorphism and brand love, this study focuses on the effects of anthropomorphism as a process, and not as a personal trait, on brand love. It also relies on consumers’ imagination instead of brand personification strategies to stimulate anthropomorphism.
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Zhu, Dong Hong, and Ya Ping Chang. "Robot with humanoid hands cooks food better?" International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 32, no. 3 (April 13, 2020): 1367–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-10-2019-0904.
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Purpose Robotic chefs are starting to replace human chefs in restaurant industry. Whether customers have a good food quality prediction may have an important effect on their patronage decision. Based on the stereotype content model, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of robotic chef anthropomorphism on food quality prediction through warmth and competence. Design/methodology/approach An empirical analysis was done to test the theoretical model by using the SmartPLS software. A nonhuman-like robotic chef and a robotic chef with humanoid hands were used as background materials in the questionnaire. The effective sample was 221. Findings Robotic chef anthropomorphism affects food quality prediction through the sequential mediators of warmth and competence. Age is a significant control variable. Research limitations/implications Robotic chef anthropomorphism positively affects food quality prediction. The halo effect of warmth perception on competence perception should be considered in the context of robot anthropomorphism. Practical implications Restaurants which feature robotic chefs should use robotic chefs with anthropomorphic designs and promote the anthropomorphic elements of robotic chefs in advertisements. Social implications The anthropomorphic design of robot chefs will facilitate the development of artificial intelligence in restaurants in the future. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is one of the first to focus on how robotic chef anthropomorphism affects food quality prediction and reveals the roles of warmth and competence in the influence of robotic chef anthropomorphism on food quality prediction.
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Heck, Paul L. "Signs of Skepticism in Early Abbasid Literature: The Case of al-Jāḥiẓ (d. 255/869)." Journal of Abbasid Studies 2, no. 2 (November 6, 2015): 220–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22142371-12340019.
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The well-known littérateur, al-Jāḥiẓ, was heavily invested in the theological controversies of his time. A chief object of dispute was anthropomorphism (tashbīh). For al-Jāḥiẓ, who had great confidence in the mind to discover all truths and also in the language of the Arabs to express these truths with clarity, anthropomorphist belief amounted to muddled thinking. In his view, the partisans of anthropomorphism simply did not understand how to interpret the language of scripture, nor did they grasp the rational criteria on the basis of which claims to knowledge could be satisfactorily made. Al-Jāḥiẓ attacked anthropomorphist belief (and related topics) in varied theological treatises, but he also took on anthropomorphism in some of his literary treatises, notablyThe Superiority of the Belly to the BackandThe Book of Squaring and Circling. These two literary treatises not only bear the marks of theological controversy, they are also “teaching” tools indicating that al-Jāḥiẓ deployed a skeptical strategy in quasi-satirical form as a way to inculcate in the partisans of anthropomorphism doubts about their own beliefs.
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Chen, Kuan-Ju, and Jhih-Syuan Lin. "Revisiting the effects of anthropomorphism on brand relationship outcomes: the moderating role of psychological disposition." European Journal of Marketing 55, no. 8 (April 5, 2021): 2174–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-07-2018-0471.
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Purpose Given the thriving attention paid to brand personification in marketing, this paper aims to delve into consumers’ psychological traits that may moderate the positive anthropomorphic effects on brand outcomes specific to relationship marketing. Design/methodology/approach A theoretical model was proposed based on a review of the extant literature. Study 1 conducted an online survey and used confirmatory factor analysis to validate the constructs significantly correlated with anthropomorphic processing. Two follow-up studies (Study 2a and 2b) using experimental designs were performed to provide evidence substantiating the moderated mediation in the process. Findings Based on the results across the three studies, motivational, rather than cognitive, disposition significantly correlates with perceived anthropomorphism and brand relationship outcomes. Need for belonging serves as a sociality moderator in strengthening the mediating effects of perceived anthropomorphism on brand attachment and brand experience, respectively. Parasocial interaction serves as an effectance moderator in augmenting the mediating effects of perceived anthropomorphism on brand attachment. Research limitations/implications This research extends and contrasts the theoretical grounding for anthropomorphism as a set of situational consumer perceptions by integrating its boosting factors in social psychology with emerging brand constructs in marketing and consumer behavior research. More studies are encouraged to probe into the complex anthropomorphic phenomenon. Practical implications This research sheds light on marketers’ strategic management efforts in implementing brand personification to target a wide range of market segments with diverse psychological disposition. Originality/value Conceiving anthropomorphism as an in-process situational output in information processing, this research provides further understanding of the psychological traits that facilitate the construction of consumer-brand relationships through anthropomorphic perceptions in the context of brand personification.
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Betts, Lucy R., and Karin A. Spenser. "“A Large Can of Worms”." International Journal of Cyber Behavior, Psychology and Learning 5, no. 2 (April 2015): 15–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcbpl.2015040102.
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Digital technology use is increasingly impacting on the lives of young people. To gain a deeper understanding of the perceived impact of young people's digital technology use, 2 focus groups were conducted with 14 teachers recruited from 2 schools. The focus groups were transcribed verbatim and analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The analysis revealed three themes: changing social dynamics, risk and (ir)responsible behaviour, and disclosure and reporting of cyber bullying. Participants discussed how digital technology was shaping young people's social identity and impacting on established norms when interacting in the social arena. A number of benefits were attributed to technology use but participants also recognised young people's naivety and tendency to anthropomorphise the internet. Finally, there was a perception that young people underreported their experiences of cyber bullying and some of the challenges faced when tackling cyber bullying were discussed.
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Gottstein, Alon Goshen. "The Body as Image of God in Rabbinic Literature." Harvard Theological Review 87, no. 2 (April 1994): 171–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816000032776.
Full textAbstract:
The liberation of rabbinic theology from the reins of medieval theology is still underway. One of the central issues that sets rabbinic theology apart from later medieval developments is the attribution of body or form to the godhead. Even though the anthropomorphic tendency of rabbinic thought is widely recognized, it is still early to speak of a learned consensus on this issue. The standard work on the topic remains Arthur Marmorstein'sEssays in Anthropomorphism, written in 1937. Marmorstein recognized the anthropomorphic tendency of rabbinic thinking. His way of dealing, both theologically and scholastically, with the issue was to suggest the existence of two schools in the tannaitic period. According to Marmorstein, the schools of Rabbi Akiva and Rabbi Ishmael were divided on the question of the literality of the understanding of the biblical text. Rabbi Akiva's literal reading gave rise to an anthropomorphic understanding of God. Rabbi Ishmael's nonliteral, or allegorical, reading brought about an opposition to anthropomorphism. This description of rabbinic anthropomorphism has informed the discussions of many scholars, including those who have dealt with our present topic—the image of God. I would, therefore, state my differences with this presentation.
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Serpell, James. "Anthropomorphism and Anthropomorphic Selection—Beyond the "Cute Response"." Society & Animals 10, no. 4 (2002): 437–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853002320936926.
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AbstractThis article explores the origin and evolutionary implications of anthropomorphism in the context of our relationships with animal companions. On the human side, anthropomorphic thinking enables animal companions' social behavior to be construed in human terms, thereby allowing these nonhuman animals to function for their human owners or guardians as providers of nonhuman social support. Absence of social support is known to be detrimental to human health and well being. Therefore, anthropomorphism and its corollary, pet keeping, have obvious biological fitness implications. On the animal side, anthropomorphism constitutes a unique evolutionary selection pressure, analogous to sexual selection, which has molded the appearance, anatomy, and behavior of companion animal species so as to adapt them to their unusual ecological niche as social support providers. Although such species undoubtedly have benefited numerically from the effects of this process, the consequences of anthropomorphism are less benign when viewed from the perspective of individual animals. Indeed, anthropomorphic selection probably is responsible for some of the more severe welfare problems currently found in companion animals.
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Serpell, James. "Anthropomorphism and Anthropomorphic Selection—Beyond the "Cute Response"." Society & Animals 11, no. 1 (2003): 83–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853003321618864.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis article explores the origin and evolutionary implications of anthropomorphism in the context of our relationships with animal companions. On the human side, anthropomorphic thinking enables animal companions' social behavior to be construed in human terms, thereby allowing these nonhuman animals to function for their human owners or guardians as providers of nonhuman social support. Absence of social support is known to be detrimental to human health and well being. Therefore, anthropomorphism and its corollary, pet keeping, have obvious biological fitness implications. On the animal side, anthropomorphism constitutes a unique evolutionary selection pressure, analogous to sexual selection, which has molded the appearance, anatomy, and behavior of companion animal species so as to adapt them to their unusual ecological niche as social support providers. Although such species undoubtedly have benefited numerically from the effects of this process, the consequences of anthropomorphism are less benign when viewed from the perspective of individual animals. Indeed, anthropomorphic selection probably is responsible for some of the more severe welfare problems currently found in companion animals.
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Yue, Dan, Zepeng Tong, Jianchi Tian, Yang Li, Linxiu Zhang, and Yan Sun. "Anthropomorphic Strategies Promote Wildlife Conservation through Empathy: The Moderation Role of the Public Epidemic Situation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 7 (March 30, 2021): 3565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073565.
Full textAbstract:
The global illegal wildlife trade directly threatens biodiversity and leads to disease outbreaks and epidemics. In order to avoid the loss of endangered species and ensure public health security, it is necessary to intervene in illegal wildlife trade and promote public awareness of the need for wildlife conservation. Anthropomorphism is a basic and common psychological process in humans that plays a crucial role in determining how a person interacts with other non-human agents. Previous research indicates that anthropomorphizing nature entities through metaphors could increase individual behavioral intention of wildlife conservation. However, relatively little is known about the mechanism by which anthropomorphism influences behavioral intention and whether social context affects the effect of anthropomorphism. This research investigated the impact of negative emotions associated with a pandemic situation on the effectiveness of anthropomorphic strategies for wildlife conservation across two experimental studies. Experiment 1 recruited 245 college students online and asked them to read a combination of texts and pictures as anthropomorphic materials. The results indicated that anthropomorphic materials could increase participants’ empathy and decrease their wildlife product consumption intention. Experiment 2 recruited 140 college students online and they were required to read the same materials as experiment 1 after watching a video related to epidemics. The results showed that the effect of wildlife anthropomorphization vanished if participants’ negative emotion was aroused by the video. The present research provides experimental evidence that anthropomorphic strategies would be useful for boosting public support for wildlife conservation. However, policymakers and conservation organizations must be careful about the negative effects of the pandemic context, as the negative emotions produced by it seems to weaken the effectiveness of anthropomorphic strategies.
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Ketron, Seth, and Kelly Naletelich. "How anthropomorphic cues affect reactions to service delays." Journal of Services Marketing 34, no. 4 (March 16, 2020): 473–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsm-09-2019-0334.
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Purpose Service delays are of significant concern to both consumers and companies – delays cost both groups billions of dollars and lead to consumer frustration and switching activity. Therefore, determining means of overcoming negative consumer reactions to delays is important, and the authors propose that anthropomorphic facial expressions could be one of those means. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to test the effects of anthropomorphic cues (namely, happy and sad faces) on consumer responses to service delays, depending on whether service providers are at fault for those delays. Design/methodology/approach Three experimental studies test the proposed effects. Findings Happy faces alongside messages about delays appear to provide no significant benefit to repatronage intentions compared to a non-anthropomorphic (control) condition, whether the service provider is or is not to blame. Meanwhile, sad faces are harmful when the provider is not to blame but can somewhat bolster repatronage intentions when the provider is at fault. Further, perceived sincerity of the facial expression and patience with the provider mediate these effects. Research limitations/implications The findings offer important insights into how anthropomorphic cues, including emojis, can influence consumer responses to service delays. The work, thus, offers clarity around instances in which anthropomorphism might lead to negative consumer responses. Practical implications Managers can use the findings to increase patience and mitigate potentially negative consumer responses when service delays occur. Originality/value This work adds clarity to the literature on anthropomorphism by showing how blame attributions for service delays can lead to different consumer responses to anthropomorphic cues. The findings also show how anthropomorphism can help to mitigate negative consumer responses to service delays.
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Roesler, Eileen, Linda Onnasch, and Julia I. Majer. "The Effect of Anthropomorphism and Failure Comprehensibility on Human-Robot Trust." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, no. 1 (December 2020): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641028.
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The application of anthropomorphic features to robots is generally considered to be beneficial for human- robot interaction. Although previous research has mainly focused on social robots, the phenomenon gains increasing attention in industrial human-robot interaction, as well. In this study, the impact of anthropomorphic design of a collaborative industrial robot on the dynamics of trust is examined. Participants interacted with a robot, which was either anthropomorphically or technically designed and experienced either a comprehensible or an incomprehensible fault of the robot. Unexpectedly, the robot was perceived as less reliable in the anthropomorphic condition. Additionally, trust increased after faultless experience and decreased after failure experience independently of the type of error. Even though the manipulation of the design did not result in a different perception of the robot’s anthropomorphism, it still influenced the formation of trust. The results emphasize that anthropomorphism is no universal remedy to increase trust, but highly context dependent.
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Jones, Adam W. "Philo’s Influence on Understanding Divine Anthropomorphism." Evangelical Quarterly 91, no. 1 (April 26, 2020): 50–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/27725472-09101003.
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Divine anthropomorphisms are prevalent in the Old Testament. Authors of Old Testament works seemingly had no reservations with using human qualities to describe God. During the Second Temple period Greek philosophy began to influence the interpretation of texts that describe God using anthropomorphisms. This shift in understanding God is evidenced in translation tendencies in the Septuagint and in Philo’s reading of Hebrew Scripture. The elements of proto-Gnosticism found in Philo’s writings are at times closely related to his interpretation of anthropomorphism. Since Philo’s understanding of such figures of speech has been the historic majority view, it is important to evaluate his method of interpretation to determine whether this understanding of divine anthropomorphism is rooted in Scripture or his philosophical tradition.
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Russell, Samantha J., and Kate Cain. "Children see rabbit, not Peter: Young children’s responses to an Anthropomorphic Picture Scale." Assessment and Development Matters 12, no. 2 (2020): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsadm.2020.12.2.13.
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Previous research suggests that character realism influences children’s responses to stories. This study explored 3- to 7-year-old children’s ratings of thought, feeling, self-knowledge and intention for humans, real animals and anthropomorphised animal characters. Ratings were similar for real and anthropomorphised animals and significantly lower than those for humans. These findings may relate to the observed poorer outcomes following stories depicting anthropomorphic animals, relative to human characters. Individual differences in internal state attribution and corresponding responses to anthropomorphised narratives might be usefully explored with this scale.
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Onnasch, Linda, and Clara Laudine Hildebrandt. "Impact of Anthropomorphic Robot Design on Trust and Attention in Industrial Human-Robot Interaction." ACM Transactions on Human-Robot Interaction 11, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3472224.
Full textAbstract:
The application of anthropomorphic features to robots is generally considered beneficial for human-robot interaction (HRI ). Although previous research has mainly focused on social robots, the phenomenon gains increasing attention in industrial human-Robot interaction as well. In this study, the impact of anthropomorphic design of a collaborative industrial robot on the dynamics of trust and visual attention allocation was examined. Participants interacted with a robot, which was either anthropomorphically or non-anthropomorphically designed. Unexpectedly, attribute-based trust measures revealed no beneficial effect of anthropomorphism but even a negative impact on the perceived reliability of the robot. Trust behavior was not significantly affected by an anthropomorphic robot design during faultless interactions, but showed a relatively steeper decrease after participants experienced a failure of the robot. With regard to attention allocation, the study clearly reveals a distracting effect of anthropomorphic robot design. The results emphasize that anthropomorphism might not be an appropriate feature in industrial HRI as it not only failed to reveal positive effects on trust, but distracted participants from relevant task areas which might be a significant drawback with regard to occupational safety in HRI.
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Ottuh, Peter Ogenefavwe. "WHEN RELIGIOUS LANGUAGE IS RIGHT: A Case for God’s Anthropomorphic Identities." MAHABBAH: Journal of Religion and Education 3, no. 2 (October 21, 2022): 141–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.47135/mahabbah.v3i2.53.
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Is it possible to think about God without anthropomorphizing him? The fact that God has both anthropomorphic and non-anthropomorphic characteristics adds to theological confusion. Individual variances in God's views might be a reflection of how individuals understand God's portrayals. Intellectuals have argued for ages that theistic conceptions of God are excessively anthropomorphic, perplexing, and complex. The paper focused on religious language and God’s anthropomorphic identities. It employed a historico-comparative approach using library resources. The finding provides light on the limitations and potential of philosophico-religious transmission of the complex idea of anthropomorphism and offers a critical, constructive, and interpretive avenue for intellectual dialogue.
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Feng, Wenting. "When lonely people encounter anthropomorphic products." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 44, no. 10 (November 10, 2016): 1649–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2016.44.10.1649.
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By conducting 2 experiments, I investigated the influence of loneliness on consumers' attitudes toward the degree of anthropomorphism of products (high, medium, or low). In Study 1, I recruited 186 participants to categorize a cellphone as hedonic, neutral, or utilitarian, then rate its anthropomorphism in order to examine the effect of loneliness on consumers' preferences. Results showed that nonlonely consumers preferred products with high, vs. low or medium, anthropomorphism. However, the relationship between the favorite products of lonely consumers and anthropomorphic degree presented as an inverted U-shaped curve. In Study 2, I recruited 553 participants to extend Study 1 and investigate the moderating role of product category on the loneliness–anthropomorphism preference relationship. Results demonstrated that lonely people preferred hedonic products with high anthropomorphism and utilitarian products with low anthropomorphism above all others. Thus, I have contributed to loneliness theory and highlighted associated managerial implications.
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Cypess, Rebecca, and Steven Kemper. "The Anthropomorphic Analogy: Humanising musical machines in the early modern and contemporary eras." Organised Sound 23, no. 2 (July 31, 2018): 167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355771818000043.
Full textAbstract:
Since the late twentieth century, the development of cybernetics, physical computing and robotics has led artists and researchers to create musical systems that explore the relationship between human bodies and mechanical systems. Anthropomorphic musical robots and bodily integrated ‘cyborg’ sensor interfaces explore complementary manifestations of what we call the ‘anthropomorphic analogy’, which probes the boundary between human artificer and artificial machine, encouraging listeners and viewers to humanise non-musical machines and understand the human body itself as a mechanical instrument.These new approaches to the anthropomorphic analogy benefit from historical contextualisation. At numerous points in the history of Western art music, philosophers, critics, composers, performers and instrument designers have considered the relationship between human musician and musical instrument, often blurring the line between the two. Consideration of historical examples enriches understandings of anthropomorphism in contemporary music technology.This article juxtaposes the anthropomorphic analogy in contemporary musical culture with manifestations of anthropomorphism in early seventeenth-century Europe. The first half of the seventeenth century witnessed a flourishing of instrumentality of all sorts. Musical instruments were linked with the telescope, the clock, the barometer, the paintbrush, and many other instruments and machines, and these came to be understood as vehicles for the creation of knowledge. This flourishing of instrumental culture created new opportunities for contemplation and aesthetic wonder, as theorists considered the line between human being and machine – between nature and artifice. Manifestations of the anthropomorphic analogy in seventeenth-century conceptions of musical instruments help to contextualise and explain similar articulations of the anthropomorphic analogy in the present day.
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Adyantari, Api. "The Impact of Anthropomorphized Chatbot on Privacy Concern, Attitude Toward Advertisement, and Intention to Give Personal Information." MANAJEMEN DEWANTARA 6, no. 2 (August 19, 2022): 236–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.26460/md.v6i2.12925.
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E-commerce developers add anthropomorphized chatbot features to their websites and application to assist customers in choosing the right product. The developers usually equipped them with many designs and elements, including the anthropomorphism element. Anthropomorphism attempts to immerse a non-human object with human aspects to give an impression of an actual human. However, using a chatbot does not always bring favorable outcomes. People might be afraid to interact with it since it resembles humans. This study aims to examine the weaknesses of an anthropomorphized chatbot further. After interacting with a chatbot, people’s responses, such as their privacy concern, attitude toward advertisements from the chatbot, and their intention to disclose personal information, were investigated in this study.
A Questionnaire was developed to collect the data in this study. The respondents were recruited from Amazon MTurk. 222 responses were collected for this study. All hypotheses were analyzed using SPSS and SmartPLS statistical tools.
The result showed that anthropomorphism elements in chatbots positively affect people’s privacy concerns. Privacy concern negatively affects people’s attitude toward advertisement from chatbots and their intention to disclose personal information.
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Akchurina-Muftieva, Nuria M. "Anthropomorphism and Zoomorphism in the Ornamental Art of the Crimean Tatars." Golden Horde Review 10, no. 1 (March 29, 2022): 229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2022-10-1.229-240.
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The author of the article reveals the problem of anthropomorphic and zoomorphic images in Islamic art, particularly in the Turkic ornamentation of the Crimea. Superficial, unscientific interpretations of motifs and ornamental compositions often lead to the search for and appropriation of anthropomorphism without appropriate research, loose interpretations of motifs, and the creation of a new mythology. Despite conservative views regarding the categorical denial of the permissiveness of the image of a person, there are many surviving works of fine and decorative art that confirm an opposite tradition. Currently, there are practically no studies of anthropomorphism and zoomorphism in the Turkic ornamentation of the Crimea, their typological and artistic features, and their symbolic context. Based on the material of decorative and applied art of the Crimean Tatars from the fourteenth century to the present, examples of zoomorphic and anthropomorphic ornamental images are provided in the article. They are stylized objects – fully, partially, or in the form of a silhouette – reflecting the surrounding real world of living beings. Complete naturalistic images (birds, fish, animals, insects) are found on objects until the first half of fifteenth century, and then starting again from the second half of eighteenth century. From the sixteenth to the first half of eighteenth centuries, anthropomorphic and zoomorphic motifs were depicted in a stylized form. The author of the study reveals the symbolism of the most common motifs, along with the typological and artistic features of the images. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the color, silhouette, and figurativeness of anthropomorphic and zoomorphic images in the Crimean Tatar decorative and applied art depend primarily on the material, technique, and functional purpose of the created object. In addition to images on objects, anthropomorphism is present as the silhouette of objects.
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Ayu Shavira, Puspita. "Antropomorfisme Brand: Kampanye Digital Pencegahan Covid-19 Oleh Traveloka." Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi 10, no. 2 (September 25, 2020): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/jik.2020.10.2.125-140.
Full textAbstract:
Covid-19 has become a pandemic and the government is still trying to break the chain of this virus. Changes occur in many sectors in society, one of which is the accommodation and tourism sector. Traveloka, as one of the unicorn startups included in the accommodation and tourism sector, was also affected by the impact of Covid-19. In response to this complicated situation, Traveloka has adapted creatively by creating its latest advertisement in the form of a Covid-19 campaign. Traveloka tries to highlight the anthropomorphic side. The focus of this research is how Traveloka as a startup unicorn is able to capture millions of attention through personal closeness through anthropomorphism. The purpose of this research is to find out how brand anthropomorphism is in the Traveloka digital campaign as a social movement for the prevention of Covid-19. This study used a qualitative-descriptive approach by collecting data from in-depth interviews, observations, and literature studies. The result of this research is Traveloka uses anthropomorphism elements as an advertising attraction with anthropomorphic elements to generate sympathetic feelings from informants. This sympathetic feeling led to the informants' prosocial action to participate in fighting Covid-19.
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Bartz, Jennifer A., Kristina Tchalova, and Can Fenerci. "Reminders of Social Connection Can Attenuate Anthropomorphism." Psychological Science 27, no. 12 (October 25, 2016): 1644–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797616668510.
Full textAbstract:
It is a fundamental human need to secure and sustain a sense of social belonging. Previous research has shown that individuals who are lonely are more likely than people who are not lonely to attribute humanlike traits (e.g., free will) to nonhuman agents (e.g., an alarm clock that makes people get up by moving away from the sleeper), presumably in an attempt to fulfill unmet needs for belongingness. We directly replicated the association between loneliness and anthropomorphism in a larger sample ( N = 178); furthermore, we showed that reminding people of a close, supportive relationship reduces their tendency to anthropomorphize. This finding provides support for the idea that the need for belonging has causal effects on anthropomorphism. Last, we showed that attachment anxiety—characterized by intense desire for and preoccupation with closeness, fear of abandonment, and hypervigilance to social cues—was a stronger predictor of anthropomorphism than loneliness was. This finding helps clarify the mechanisms underlying anthropomorphism and supports the idea that anthropomorphism is a motivated process reflecting the active search for potential sources of connection.
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Mota-Rojas, Daniel, Chiara Mariti, Andrea Zdeinert, Giacomo Riggio, Patricia Mora-Medina, Alondra del Mar Reyes, Angelo Gazzano, et al. "Anthropomorphism and Its Adverse Effects on the Distress and Welfare of Companion Animals." Animals 11, no. 11 (November 15, 2021): 3263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11113263.
Full textAbstract:
Anthropomorphic practices are increasing worldwide. Anthropomorphism is defined as the tendency to attribute human forms, behaviors, and emotions to non-human animals or objects. Anthropomorphism is particularly relevant for companion animals. Some anthropomorphic practices can be beneficial to them, whilst others can be very detrimental. Some anthropomorphic behaviors compromise the welfare and physiology of animals by interfering with thermoregulation, while others can produce dehydration due to the loss of body water, a condition that brings undesirable consequences such as high compensatory blood pressure and heat shock, even death, depending on the intensity and frequency of an animal’s exposure to these stressors. Malnutrition is a factor observed due to consumption of junk food or an imbalance in caloric proportions. This can cause obesity in pets that may have repercussions on their locomotor apparatus. Intense human–animal interaction can also lead to the establishment of attachment that impacts the mental state and behavior of animals, making them prone to develop aggression, fear, or anxiety separation syndrome. Another aspect is applying cosmetics to pets, though scientific studies have not yet determined whether cosmetic products such as coat dyes, nail polish, and lotions are beneficial or harmful for the animals, or to what extent. The cohabitation of animals in people’s homes can also constitute a public health risk due to infectious and zoonotic diseases. In this context, this paper aims to analyze the adverse effects of anthropomorphism on the welfare of companion animals from several angles—physiological, sanitary, and behavioral—based on a discussion of current scientific findings.
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Adhuze, Dr Helen Idowu. "The Face And Phases Of Anthropomorphism In Children’s Literature." Tasambo Journal of Language, Literature, and Culture 1, no. 1 (December 20, 2022): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.36349/tjllc.2022.v01i01.006.
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Anthropomorphism, the imposition of human traits on nonhuman objects and animals, is an ancient tradition in the art of storytelling. Existing studies on anthropomorphism in literature have mostly focused on its being a satirical device in adult fiction but paid less attention to how anthropomorphism is constructed in literature for children. This study was executed to examine the depiction of anthropomorphism through folktales, modern fables, and digitales-in selected contemporary Nigerian prose narratives for children intending to establish the use of anthropomorphized characters to bring abstract concepts to life. Jean Piaget’s cognitive constructivism was adopted as the theoretical framework for the study. Five narratives were purposively selected because of their relevance to the study. The narratives were subjected to critical analyses. The face of anthropomorphism is revealed as a rhetorical tool through personification and metaphoric expressions. Anthropomorphism in children’s narratives serves as an attention grabber and a means of giving concrete information on learning through cognitive constructivism which is effective through a literature-based learning experience. In juvenile literature, anthropomorphism is used in building a relational attitude between the young readers and the fictional characters in the text for subtle facilitation of knowledge.
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Elena, Seredkina. "Philosophical Foundations of Applied Anthropomorphism In Social Robotics." Technologos, no. 4 (2020): 56–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/perm.kipf/2020.4.05.
Full textAbstract:
This article is devoted to the philosophical foundations of anthropomorphism in the context of Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), a new interdisciplinary field of research. On the basis of modern scientific works, a positive concept of anthropomorphism as a cognitive mechanism ensuring human adaptation to a complex external environment is formulated. The theoretical principles of applied anthropomorphism (AA) are being developed to identify the conditions for activating anthropomorphic projections in a user during an HRI act. There are two key factors in the structure of AA: appearance and autonomous behaviour. Asymmetry principle is formulated: behavioral realism is more important than highly anthropomorphic appearance. The principle of coherence is formulated: the necessity of synchronisation of the appearance and the robot's behaviour, that is, the level of development of behavioral patterns of the robotic system determines the degree of its anthropomorphism. Various forms of anthropomorphism are distinguished. These differences can be described in terms of involvement in cognitive activity. Anthropomorphism as passive ascription and simple projection receives negative assessment in social robotics, while anthropomorphism, which is deduced from autonomous robots behaviour or initiated by them, is assessed positively. The epistemological foundations of the robotic revolution of the late 80s-early 90s of the XX century are analysed; the methodology of "behavior-based robotics" is examined thoroughly. The behavioral approach in robotics is based on the concept of weak artificial intelligence, within which computational operations and functions of a machine represent concatenation of processes and can lead to the illusion of intelligence in a robot, primarily due to projective intelligence from a human-observer side. These questions are analysed in the context of modern philosophical theories, such as second-order cybernetics, autopoiesis. Anthropomorphism as active ascription of cognitive or emotional states to the robot from the observer side in order to rationalise the behaviour of the object is correlated with D. Dennett's intentional stance. At the end of the article, the phenomenon of attribution of human characteristics to non-human entities in Eastern religious cults is studied. The question of the ontological status of gods and robots is raised.
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Willard, Aiyana K., Lubomír Cingl, and Ara Norenzayan. "Cognitive Biases and Religious Belief: A Path Model Replication in the Czech Republic and Slovakia With a Focus on Anthropomorphism." Social Psychological and Personality Science 11, no. 1 (April 15, 2019): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550619841629.
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We examined cognitive biases that underlie individual differences in supernatural beliefs in nationally representative samples from the Czech Republic and Slovakia (total N = 2,022). These countries were chosen because of their differing levels of religious belief despite their cultural similarity. Replicating a previous study with North American samples, we found that anthropomorphism was unrelated to belief in God but was consistently related to paranormal beliefs. Living in a highly religious area was related to a lower tendency to anthropomorphize. We examined this relationship further to find that anthropomorphism was related to belief in God for nonreligious participants, was inversely related to belief in God among religious Slovaks, and not related for religious Czechs. These findings suggest that anthropomorphism predicts belief in God for people who are unaffiliated, but this relationship disappears or is reversed for religious believers participating in a Christian religious tradition.
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Mara, Martina, Markus Appel, and Timo Gnambs. "Human-Like Robots and the Uncanny Valley." Zeitschrift für Psychologie 230, no. 1 (January 2022): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000486.
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Abstract. In the field of human-robot interaction, the well-known uncanny valley hypothesis proposes a curvilinear relationship between a robot’s degree of human likeness and the observers’ responses to the robot. While low to medium human likeness should be associated with increased positive responses, a shift to negative responses is expected for highly anthropomorphic robots. As empirical findings on the uncanny valley hypothesis are inconclusive, we conducted a random-effects meta-analysis of 49 studies (total N = 3,556) that reported 131 evaluations of robots based on the Godspeed scales for anthropomorphism (i.e., human likeness) and likeability. Our results confirm more positive responses for more human-like robots at low to medium anthropomorphism, with moving robots rated as more human-like but not necessarily more likable than static ones. However, because highly anthropomorphic robots were sparsely utilized in previous studies, no conclusions regarding proposed adverse effects at higher levels of human likeness can be made at this stage.
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Duvall Antonacopoulos, Nikolina M., and Timothy A. Pychyl. "The Possible Role of Companion-Animal Anthropomorphism and Social Support in the Physical and Psychological Health of Dog Guardians." Society & Animals 18, no. 4 (2010): 379–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853010x524334.
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AbstractWhile previous research suggests that individuals who humanize their companion animals may have insufficient human social support (Epley, Waytz, & Cacioppo, 2007), researchers have not examined the relation between companion-animal anthropomorphism and the health of animal guardians while taking into consideration their human social support levels. It was hypothesized that dog guardians with low levels of human social support would have poorer health if they engaged in high rather than low levels of anthropomorphism, while the health of dog guardians with high levels of human social support would not vary depending on their anthropomorphism levels. A sample of 203 Canadian dog guardians completed an online survey. Results revealed that, among dog guardians with low levels of human social support, those who engaged in high levels of anthropomorphism were more depressed, visited the doctor more often, and took more medications. Furthermore, among dog guardians with high levels of human social support, those who engaged in high levels of anthropomorphism were more stressed and depressed. These findings highlight the complexity of the relationship between anthropomorphic behavior, human social support, and dog guardians’ health.
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Esfahani, Mona Seyed, Nina Reynolds, and Melanie Ashleigh. "Mindful and Mindless Anthropomorphism: How to Facilitate Consumer Comprehension Towards New Products." International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management 17, no. 03 (May 2020): 2050016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219877020500169.
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Individual’s perception of anthropomorphic platforms in promotion of really new products or novel innovations has not been examined fully. There are contradictions in the academic literature on how various presentations of social cues are perceived by audience mindlessly or mindfully. Perceived mindful and mindless anthropomorphism are explored in this study in order to understand its effect on individuals’ attitude, purchase intention and comprehension of new products. A single factor between-subject design using two innovative products and websites with four levels of social cues (voice, language, interactivity and social role) was used. Five hundred participants took part in the main experiment. Participants were randomly assigned to each experimental group. The analysis indicated that a human-like avatar is preferred by individuals over static avatar and perceived higher mindlessly. Interactive content didn’t improve individuals’ perceived mindless anthropomorphism. There was no significant increase in individuals’ mindful anthropomorphism in any condition. The study indicated perceived mindless anthropomorphism results into better comprehension, attitude and purchase intention towards really new products.
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Senin, Nurhanisah, Khadijah Mohd Khambali @ Hambali, Wan Adli Wan Ramli, and Mustafa Kamal Amat Misra. "Al-Ghazālī’s Approach in Refuting Anthropomorphism." Islamiyyat 44, IK (June 1, 2022): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/islamiyyat-2022-44ik-2.
Full textAbstract:
Anthropomorphism stands at the heart of many theological discourses and is among the most discussed issues by Muslim scholars. Anthropomorphic descriptions of God are mentioned in several Quranic verses and hadith for instance, God’s hand, God’s laughter, God’s heavenly throne, God’s hand and fingers and others. More often than not, anthropomorphic verses were interpreted in a different manner according to a scholar’s theological affinity. Thus, this paper aims to examine al-Ghazālī’s method in dealing with anthropomorphic verses. Imam al-Ghazālī was among the Asha‘irah scholars who wrote extensively on theological and philosophical issues. By adopting document analysis method, this study explores al-Ghazālī’s methods by analyzing his writings mainly in Iḥyā’ ‘Ulūm al-Dīn and Fayṣal al-Tafriqah baina al-Islām wa al-Zindiqah, Iljām al-Awām ‘an Ilm al-Kalām apart from his other treatises such as al-Iqtiṣād fī al-‘Itiqād and Qānūn al-Ta’wīl. It can be found that al-Ghazālī strongly affirms God’s incorporeality by renouncing God’s essence from any bodily figures, space, accidents and directions. Apart from that, al-Ghazālī offered two different approaches in understanding anthropomorphic verses for the learned and laymen. For the learned, al-Ghazālī allowed strict allegorical interpretation with its rules. As for laymen, al-Ghazālī suggested seven steps in understanding antrhopomophic verses in ensuring the sanctity of God’s Essence from any figurative literal interpretation. In sum, this study demonstrates al-Ghazālī’s holistic approach in refuting anthropomorphism that includes the learned and laymen and ensuring one’s creed is preserved from any figurative understanding of God.
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Aubel, Martin, Indre Pikturniene, and Yannick Joye. "Risk Perception and Risk Behavior in Response to Service Robot Anthropomorphism in Banking." Central European Management Journal 30, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 26–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7206/cemj.2658-0845.74.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: This article explores how anthropomorphized service robots shape consumer risk perceptions and risk behavior via uncanniness as a function of individual differences in banking. Methodology: An online between-subjects experiment (N = 293), set in a fictitious bank, featuring four levels of service robot anthropomorphism (low, medium, high, human), measured risk perceptions (psychological, functional, privacy, time), and risk behavior as DVs, uncanniness as mediator, technology readiness, and behavioral inhibition as moderators. Findings: Risk perceptions are the lowest for medium (vs. high) anthropomorphism and are mediated by uncanniness. Risk behavior remains unaffected by the manipulation. Technology readiness overall attenuates the main effect on time risk perception but amplifies it for high anthropomorphism, whereas high behavioral inhibition increases risk behavior under the exposure of low anthropomorphism. Implication: Banks who plan to place robots in service functions should be mostly concerned about experiential rather than behavioral consequences and are advised to use medium anthropomorphism robots since they appear to qualify as viable substitutes for human bank tellers. Value: We contribute to the service robot and anthropomorphism literature by (1) distinguishing between dimensions of risk perceptions, (2) measuring actual risk behavior, and (3) setting our study in a business and marketing relevant context: banking