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1
Groll, Emily D. "Comparison of anthropometric and DXA measurements of regional body fat." Virtual Press, 2008. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1398712.
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Purpose: The primary purpose of this research study was to assess the degree of agreement between simple anthropometric measurements (i.e. body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio) and the measures of regional adiposity, with a primary focus on the androidlgynoid ratio, assessed using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). This secondary purpose of the study was to identify any significant correlations between the measures of regional adiposity, physical activity, and cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: Forty-eight subjects, 19 males (48.7 ± 16.9 years) and 29 females (43.6 ± 16.2 years), volunteered to participate in this study. Subjects underwent laboratory testing compromised of resting blood pressure, blood lipid analysis, waist & hip circumference, total body DXA scan, and a one week physical activity assessment. Results: Significant correlations were observed between body mass index and region body fat % (r = 0.84, 0.79), waist circumference and android fat % (r = 0.79, 0.75), and waist-to-hip ratio and androidlgynoid ratio (r = 0.72, 0.61) for men and women, respectively. Fasting insulin was correlated with region body fat %, android body fat %, trunk body fat %, and the android/gynoid ratio. The android/gynoid ratio was correlated with high density lipoproteins, very low density lipoproteins, triglycerides, and fasting glucose. There was a statistically significant negative relationship observed between average steps per day and body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, region body fat %, android body fat %, and trunk body fat %. Conclusions: This study found that there are strong relationships between simple anthropometric measures and regional body fat measures from the DXA. According to the data in the present study, body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio provide simple yet sensitive methods for the estimation of regional body fat in Caucasian males and females. In addition, this study found significant correlations between measures of the blood lipid profile, physical activity, and both simple anthropometric and DXA measures of regional body fat. Key words: android fat, body mass index, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, gynoid fat, obesity, waist circumference.School of Physical Education, Sport, and Exercise Science
2
FLAIG, VICKY RENEE. "COMPARISON OF SEGMENTAL MEASUREMENTS TO HEIGHT, WEIGHT, WAIST CIRCUMFERENCE AND PERCENT BODY FAT IN A NORMAL POPULATION AGED 0-21 YEARS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin990650034.
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McGeorge, Dana K. "Dietary Intake Estimations and Anthropometric Measurements in Healthy Young Adult Women with Differing Eating Characteristics." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34933.
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Objective: To investigate differences in dietary intake variables and anthropometric measurements in healthy young adult women of healthy body mass index (BMI) with high and low scores of cognitive eating restraint (CER), disinhibition (DI), and hunger.
Design: Cross-sectional study in which the Eating Inventory was completed along with the Block Food Frequency Questionnaire and anthropometric measurements using standard procedures and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, respectively.
Participants: 65 healthy young adult women.
Setting: This research was conducted in the Bone Laboratory on the campus of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia.
Statistical analyses: Independent t-tests, Pearson correlation coefficient analyses, and general linear regression models.
Results: Women with high CER scores (n=32; mean±SD CER score=13.1±2.4) consumed more fruits per day (2.4±0.9 svg/d) compared to women with low CER scores (n=33; CER score=4.5±3.0; fruits=1.8±1.1 svg/d; p<0.05). Women with high hunger scores (n=35; hunger score=7.5±2.2) consumed less fruits per day (1.8±0.9 svg/d) compared to women with low hunger scores (n=30; hunger score=3.0±1.1; fruits=2.4±1.1 svg/d; p<0.05). Women with high compared to low CER scores had higher body weight (p<0.05), BMI (p<0.05), fat mass (p<0.05), and body fat percentage (p<0.05), while women with high (n=31; DI score=7.6±2.5) compared to low (n=34; DI score=2.9±1.0) DI scores were taller (p<0.05). Hunger predicted estimated daily dietary intakes of total energy (p<0.05), protein (p<0.01), and fat (p<0.01), while CER (p<0.05) and DI (p<0.05) predicted estimated daily dietary fruit intake.
Conclusion: In healthy young adult women, eating characteristics can distinguish between some dietary intake patterns and anthropometric measurements. Hunger is a predictor of estimated energy, protein, and fat intake in these women.Master of Science
4
Mao, Jun. "Anthropometric measurements, sexual development and serum reproductive hormonal levels among boys in the rural Western Cape." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20840.
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Background: Our previous epidemiological study have investigated the effect of pesticides on growth of boys in the Western Cape rural area, in this cross-sectional study, we extend those initial observation into a more detailed exploration of t he growth pattern in anthropometric variables and hormonal indicators, and its relation to pubertal stage. Reference data in relation to pubertal stage are presented, and compared with other international findings. Objective: To investigate the anthrop ometric growth and reproductive hormones alternation of Western Cape Rural boys who are potentially exposed to agricultural pesticides. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 269 boys was conducted in the rural Western Cape in South Africa. Tests included serum gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH), lutenizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and estradiol (E2); a physical examination of height, weight and BMI measurements; sexual matura tional assessment and a questionnaire (demographics and general medical history). Median of anthropometric variables and hormone levels by pubertal stage were compared with international references. Results: Median age of pubertal onset is 11.6 years old, later than African American boys and Urban South African boys. Western Cape rural boys were apparently shorter and lighter compared with the CDC and the WHO growth standards in the prepubertal and early pubertal stage, and then catch-up evidently in the mid and late puberty. Compared with previous pubertal hormonal studies, our boys were low in serum levels of testosterone were low and high in oestradiol levels throughout entire pubertal stages and the classic endocrine Negative Feedback Loops in hy pothalamic pituitary gonadal axis were established earlier. Conclusion: The results provide further evidence for the effects potentially from agricultural pesticides exposure in the pattern of growth in height and weight, and hormonal fluctuations dur ing the development of puberty.
5
Hoechstetter, Ronald S. "Effect of anthropometric factors on the reproducibility of Doppler echocardiographic measurements during stationary bicycle exercise in healthy males." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45806.
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The effect of selected anthropometric indices on the reproducibility of
continuous wave (CW) Doppler echocardiographic recordings in exercise were
studied in 42 healthy males between 18 and 43 years of age. Each subject was
measured and rank ordered in reference to four anthropometric Indices: sum
of 3 skinfolds (SK); chest girth-waist girth ratio (CW); biacromial width-chest
depth ratio (WD); and peak exercise ventilationâ forced vital capacity ratio (VV).
Each subject then performed two maximal bicycle exercise tolerance tests on
nonconsecutive days wherein the CW Doppler variables of peak acceleration
(pKA), peak velocity (pKV) and stroke velocity integral (SVI) were measured
along with heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP) and respiratory gas analysis
data including oxygen consumption (V02). Statistical analyses were then
conducted to determine if subject groups with high vs. low values on any
anthropometric index differentiated with regard to testâ retest reliability
between bicycle exercise test trials. Statistical differences were noted between (
the high and a low groups for each index at the .05 alpha level. Pearson's Product
Moment correlational analyses revealed that across all subjects the
highest test-retest reliability occurred during the moderate intensity of
exercise. The average test-retest correlation coefficients for the high and low
groups within each index are as follows: SKH, = .52, SKL = 62, CWH = .64,
CWL = .60, WDH. = 62,WDL = 58, VVh. = 61, VVL = .67. Inspection of
test-retest correlations between the high vs. low groups for the anthropometric
indicies revealed a trend in the skinfold index. For each dependent measure
at all levels of exercise intensity, the low group exhibited higher correlation
coefficients than the high group except for pKA at the peak level of exercise.
The other three indicies exhibited no such trends. lt was concluded that since The other three indicies exhibited no such trends. lt was concluded that since
the overall correlation coefficients (average = .65) were within the ranges of
those computed for HR. BP and VO2; (average = .50) the test-retest reliability
with the CW Doppler was acceptable; but only during moderate levels of
exercise. It was also determined from the correlation coefficients generated
by the skinfold index data that measures obtained on lean individuals may be
moree reproducible than measures obtained from obese individuals (See Table
2).Master of Science
6
Alayan, Ibrahim Abead. "Anthropometric analysis of maxillofacial foramina in skulls of four human populations using electronic calliper and 3D laser scanning methods." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9535.
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This study was undertaken to identify the landmarks that would provide the most reliable and predictable indicators of the position of the supraorbital, infraorbital, mental and mandibular foramina in human skulls of Hokien, Hylam, Indian and British populations of ranging ages, which would provide clinicians with suitable modifications in technique to accommodate these variations. Measurements were taken using both electronic digital callipers and 3D laser scanning. Electronic digital calliper measurements were made to estimate how far each foramen was from specific anatomical landmarks on the skulls. An apparatus was developed to position the skulls securely so that the measurement points could be accurately identified, then an electronic digital calliper was used to measure the distance between the defined points. In addition, the same skulls were also scanned using a FastSCAN™ Polhemus Scorpion™ handheld laser scanner, and imported into 3D modelling software (FreeForm Modelling Plus™). This 3D software integrates a PHANYOM™ desktop arm and a haptic force feedback device that provides the user with a sense of touch. Accordingly, with the “Ruler” tool, the measurements between various foramina and defined anatomical landmarks were measured. Measurements made by electronic digital calliper were compared statistically with those made using the 3D scanning method, and overall there was good correlation between the two, indicating that 3D scanning could be used as an alternative method. With regard to age changes in the skulls, the ages of the Hokien and Hylam groups were known, having been recorded from death records, but the Indian and British skulls were not of known age. In a preliminary study the known age skulls were used to validate the methods of Miles (1962) and Brothwell (1981) who aged skulls using tooth wear patterns. The decision was taken to use the Brothwell chart for the assessment of age in the Indian and British skulls in the main study. For each of the four population groups, intra-population comparisons of the measurements were made between right and left sides, and between skulls of young and old individuals, also inter-population comparisons between ipsilateral measurements were made. The correlation between the obtuseness of the mandibular angle and the ipsilateral measurement from the mental foramen to the posterior border of the mandible were made on both sides of the skulls of each population group. Non-significant differences were found between the measurements on right and left sides for the skulls of all populations. There were significant differences between some ipsilateral measurements but although there were statistically significant, they were not considered to be clinically significant. There were no significant differences between ipsilateral measurements with increasing age of the skulls. Also there were weak correlations between the obtuseness of the mandibular angle and the ipsilateral measurement from the mental foramen to the posterior border of the mandible on both sides of the skulls of each population group. There were good statistically agreements between the electronic digital calliper and 3D laser scanning measurements in all groups and the two methods may be used interchangeably. However 3D scanning is a digital process and therefore the scans could be accessed remotely, either across the internet or by CD.
7
Hatoum, Samer Nadim. "Assessment of a weight loss program in Saudi Arabia : Anthropometric measurements and biochemical indicators in Saudi and Middle-eastern subjects." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.532038.
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Snyman, Hildegard. "Development of a regression equation for estimating the weight of male black South African adults with paraplegia using anthropometric measurements." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3044.
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Thesis (MNutr (Human Nutrition))--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.Introduction: The objective of this study was to develop a regression equation to estimate weight of black male paraplegic South African subjects. Very few institutions in South Africa have wheel chair scales and very few paraplegic persons know what their weight is. People with spinal cord injury (SCI) are reported to have an increased risk to develop obesity and diseases of lifestyle. It is therefore important to monitor the nutritional status of these patients to prevent and treat the above diseases effectively. The aim was to develop an equation that incorporates variables or measurements that do not require a high level of skill and experience to be determined. The equipment needed for the determination of the measurements should also be easily accessible, for example a tape measure rather than a skin-fold caliper.
9
Ismail, Saaiga. "Anthropometric measurements versus computed tomography for the assessment of metabolic syndrome in the Bellville South mixed ancestry community, South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2691.
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Thesis (MSc (Radiography))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clustering of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors which include abdominal obesity, hyperglycaemia, hyper-triglyceridaemia, low HDL-cholesterol and hypertension. This cluster of metabolic deviations is believed to be the primary driver of the double global epidemic of diabetes (DM) and CVD, conditions which account for much of the social and economic global burden of disease. Similar to the global trend, a high prevalence of MetS (62%) and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) (28.2%) has been reported for the South African mixed ancestry population, with CVD risk significantly higher in subjects with DM. The increase in MetS prevalence is driven by the obesity epidemic and anthropometric cut-off values to define MetS for this particular component of the disease has been reported to differ widely between different populations and ethnicities. Currently the waist circumference (WC) cut-off value for MetS diagnosis needs to be determined and validated per ethnic group as opposed to the previously used European derived cut-off values (Alberti et al., 2006; 2009). Validation of the WC cut-off value needs to be against one of the so called gold standards of central obesity measurement, such as Computer Tomography (CT). This technique can measure subcutaneous fat (SAT) and visceral fat (VAT) individually, which is important because VAT has been reported to be associated with MetS and CVD. The current study forms part of a large research group, investigating the prevalence and risk factors for MetS and T2DM in the South African mixed ancestry population.
10
Henderson, Susan Ahlstrom. "Vitamin A Status, Anthropometric Measurements, and Food Practices of Women of Childbearing Age and Their Preschool Children in Northeast Brazil." DigitalCommons@USU, 1987. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5354.
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Vitamin A nutrition status was evaluated in 110 pairs of women and their preschool children at rural health posts in two different ecological regions of Northeast Brazil. Serum retinol and carotene, weight, height, tricep skinfold and mid-arm circumference were measured from each mother and child. Nutrition knowledge of mothers, socioeconomic living conditions and consumption of retinol and carotene food sources were assessed.
Nine children (8 percent) and one mother had less than acceptable serum retinol (less than 20 μg/dl). Additionally, 21 percent of the children and six percent of the mothers had "low" serum carotene levels. Thirty-seven percent and 57 percent of the children were at or below the tenth percentile for height and weight, respectively, when compared to Brazilian standard tables, and 30 percent were below the tenth percentile of weight for height. When compared to NCHS standard tables, 34 percent were below the tenth percentile for weight/height. Nutrition knowledge was very limited, but opportunities for nutrition education are great as mothers wanted more nutrition and feeding information. Squash, carrots and mangoes were more common sources of vitamin A than were animal sources.
Multiple regression models indicated statistical significance among mothers' serum retinol, survey site, and mothers' weight/height percentile and among mothers' vitamin A intake, survey site, and mothers' ages. The data indicate that vitamin A nutrition status is suboptimal in Northeast Brazil, but appropriate food sources exist. Long-term intervention projects need to focus on increasing the production, distribution, and consumption of preformed vitamin A- and carotene-rich foods.
11
Ray, Snehaa. "Assessment of a Nutrition Education Intervention on the Nutrition Knowledge, Attitudes, Beliefs, Habits and Anthropometric Data in Adolescent Academy Male Soccer Players." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1586343005089916.
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Wilson, Ronee Elisha. "Influence of Maternal Thyroid Dysfunction on Infant Growth and Development." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4964.
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Thyroid dysfunction is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women of childbearing age and the obstetric consequences of abnormal thyroid hormone levels during pregnancy have been established. Less understood is the implication of the presence of maternal thyroid autoantibodies on infant outcomes among women who are euthyroid during pregnancy. The objective of this study was two-fold: 1) to examine the influence of antenatal thyroperioxidase (TPO) status on fetal/infant brain and body growth measurements at delivery and 2) to explore the relationship of antenatal TPO status and maternal postpartum thyroid dysfunction (PPTD) on early infant growth and neurocognitive development. Six-hundred thirty-one (631) euthyroid pregnant women were recruited from prenatal clinics in Tampa Bay, Florida and the surrounding area between November 2007 and December 2010. TPO status was determined during pregnancy and fetal/infant brain and body growth variables were assessed at delivery. A subsample of forty-one (41) mother-infant dyads participated in a 6-month longitudinal supplemental study. Infant growth assessments were conducted at 3, 4, 5 and 6 months postpartum. Regression analysis revealed maternal TPO positivity was significantly associated with smaller head circumference, reduced brain weight and lower brain-body-ratio; however maternal race/ethnicity was identified as an effect modifier in the relationship. No significant differences were noted in birth weight, birth length, abdominal circumference or chest circumference measurements among infants born to TPO positive mothers of any racial/ethnic group as compared to their negative counterparts. Mixed model analysis of the smaller subset (n=41) revealed infants of TPO+ mothers were smaller at birth but experienced accelerated growth between birth to 3 months when compared to infants born to TPO- mothers. This acceleration led to their catch-up in growth to their TPO negative counterparts by 3 months of age. No significant differences were noted in neurocognitive outcomes between infants born to TPO+ mothers compared to those born to TPO- mothers. The findings in this dissertation indicate that maternal/race ethnicity modifies the relationship between TPO positivity and reduced fetal/infant brain growth. Additionally, the analyses suggest that maternal autoantibody status could lead to variations in early infant growth and development. The end-result of these variations is unclear. Further research is needed to determine the potential impact of reduced head circumference and accelerated growth as it relates to long-term neurocognitive consequences. Currently, TPO antibody status is not assessed as part of the standard prenatal care laboratory work-up, but findings from this study suggest that fetal brain growth may be impaired by TPO positivity among certain populations, therefore autoantibody screening among high-risk sub-groups may be useful for clinicians to determine whether prenatal thyroid treatment is warranted.
13
Hert, Kerrie Ann. "Effect of Nutrition Education with Fruit and Vegetable Supplementation on Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Anthropometric Measurements among Adults of Varying Socioeconomic Status." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26813.
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Intake of fruit and vegetable (F/V) is inadequate and obesity is more prevalent among adults of lower socioeconomic status (SES) in the U.S. This study determined the effect of nutrition education (NutrED) and F/V supplementation (F/VSupp) on F/V intake and anthropometrics of individuals of varying SES. Thirty-eight overweight or obese adults were randomly assigned into a control, education, or F/V group. Participants in the education and F/V groups attended weekly NutrED classes for 10 weeks. The F/V group also received one serving of fruit and two servings of vegetable daily. Results showed that NutrED with F/VSupp improved fruit intake significantly. Improvements between the education and F/V groups were not significantly different. Individuals with a graduate degree had significant improvements in fruit intake. Few of the improvements in anthropometrics seen were significant. Future research should focus on specific barriers to F/V intake and include information on total energy intake and expenditure.
14
Lee, Hamilton, and n/a. "Competitive mountain bike and road cycling: physiological characteristics of athletes and demands of competition." University of Canberra. Health Sciences, 2003. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050523.110406.
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Despite many studies describing the physiological characteristics of professional road
cyclists and recent work describing the demands of competition, there is a paucity of
similar information regarding elite mountain bike (MTB) cyclists. The aim of the
present work was to describe the physiological characteristics and the demands of
competition for successful MTB cyclists relative to successful road cyclists.
Internationally competitive cyclists from both disciplines (seven MTB and seven road)
completed the following laboratory tests: anthropometric measurements, an incremental
cycle ergometer test and a 30 minute laboratory time trial. In addition, the power output
profile obtained in the field from a world-class MTB cyclist riding a simulated race
were compared to successful road cycling performances (placing top 3) in flat (FLAT),
semi-mountainous (SEMO), high-mountainous (HIMO), individual time trial (ITT) and
criterium (CRIT) road races.
Due to conversion problems, 6 sentences have been omitted. For full abstract, see 01front.pdf.
These results indicate that success in international MTB racing
requires high power-to-weight characteristics complemented by a light and lean
physique. MTB racing is associated with greater torque at the pedal crank, a more
constant effort with less time at lower power outputs and a higher frequency of highintensity
surges than road racing. Therefore coaches should take into account these
unique MTB racing characteristics when devising training programs for elite athletes.
15
Rugytė, Agnė. "Marijampolės apskrities pirmokų mitybos ypatumų ir fizinio išsivystymo sąsajos bei pokyčiai per penkerius metus." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140618_232350-61987.
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Darbo tikslas – išanalizuoti Marijampolės apskrities pirmokų mitybos ypatumų sąsajas su fiziniu išsivystymu bei pokyčius per penkerius metus.
Tyrimo metodika. 2013 metais Marijampolės apskrityje atliktas tyrimas yra Lietuvos vaikų augimo stebėsenos tyrimo dalis. Jis buvo vykdomas dešimtyje atsitiktinai pasirinktų mokyklų. Tyrimo objektas – pirmokai. Darbe naudoti metodai: pirmokų antropometriniai (ūgio, svorio) matavimai; vaikų tėvų anketinė apklausa (išdalinta 331, sugrąžinta 251 užpildyta anketa, atsako dažnis – 75,8 proc.). Kiekybiniams kintamiesiems skaičiuotas aritmetinis vidurkis, standartinis nuokrypis, procentiliai ir kt. Kokybiniams kintamiesiems – procentai. Ryšys tarp kokybinių požymių analizuotas taikant Pirsono Chi kvadrato (χ2) kriterijų. Skirtumo tarp atvejo dažnio dviejose tiriamųjų grupėse reikšmingumas įvertintas taikant z kriterijų. Tarpusavyje palyginti 2008 ir 2013 metų rezultatai.
Rezultatai. 2013 metais mažiau – beveik du trečdaliai vaikų valgė 4–5 kartus per dieną, mažiau tiriamųjų kasdien namuose pusryčiavo. Abiejų tyrimų metu dažnai jogurto ir kitų pieno produktų vartojo beveik po du trečdalius tiriamųjų. Kasdien šviežių daržovių valgė tik kas devintas pirmokas, vaikai per retai vartojo vaisių. Dauguma pirmokų retai vartojo gaiviųjų gėrimų su cukrumi, picų, bulvyčių „fri“ ir kito „greito“ maisto. 2013 metais sumažėjo kasdieninis natūralios mėsos bei perdirbtų mėsos gaminių vartojimas. Natūralaus sviesto vartojimas išaugo 1,84 karto, tepų riebalų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Aim of the study – to analyze links and alterations between nutrition peculiarities and nutritional status of first-formers of Marijampolė district during a five year period. Methods. An investigation performed in 2013 in Marijampolė district is a part of a research done on the growth observation of Lithuanian children. The investigation has been performed in ten randomly selected schools. The object of research has been first-formers. Methods employed: anthropometric measurements of first-formers (height, weight); a survey of parents of the children (331 surveys given, 251 filled and returned, response rate – 75,8 percent). Quantitative variables have arithmetic average, standard deviation, percentiles, etc. calculated. Qualitative variables have percents set. The links between qualitative attributes has been analyzed by employing the Pearson’s Chi square criteria (χ2). The significance of the different frequency of occasion between two groups of investigative has been assessed by applying the z criteria. The results of 2008 and 2013 have been compared between one another. Results. In 2013 less – nearly two thirds of children ate 4–5 times per day, less of investigative had breakfast at home. Both investigations revealed that almost two thirds of investigative often consumed yogurt and other dairy products. Only every ninth first-former ate vegetables daily, children consumed fruit too little. The majority of first-formers rarely consumed fizzy drinks, pizzas, French fries... [to full text]
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Soares, Anne Caroline Sampaio. "Análise comparativa dos fatores de risco para hipertensão arterial, níveis tensionais, medidas antropométricas e status socioeconômico de ribeirinhos, Iranduba, Amazonas." Universidade Federal do Amazonas - Universidade do Estado do Pará, 2016. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/5314.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Introduction: Epidemiological Studies on hypertension are of great importance for the understanding of the conditions que influence the illness of the population. In the last twenty years as riverine comes passing accelerated hum transition process any lifestyle, generating an increase in chronic non-communicable, especially for systemic arterial hypertension. Objective: To analyze the risk factors of hypertension of the riverine communities São Francisco and Novo Renascer, the island of Marchantaria, the city of Iranduba, State of Amazonas. Methodology: Data collection was performed in the period 08 July to 24 September 2015, with 123 bordering two communities of the island of Marchantaria, municipality of Iranduba, Amazonas. Were carried out measurement of weight, height, waist circumference and waist-hip ratio, it was checked blood pressure and performed interview for survey socioeconomic riverine level. Data were analyzed for Epi Info Program 7. Results: The results showed that in the communities study the male was majority. There was not significant association between hypertension and income. There was a negative correlation between hypertension and the level of education, both in the general population of male and female, in the divided by ages. In the analysis of marital status, there was no statistical difference for the variable marital status in your correlation with hypertension. Hypertension prevalence was 59.09% for people of the community São Francisco and 40% of the people Community Novo Renascer. In two communities, the values the anthropometric measures and blood pressure measures do not have significant differences between them, although values above the recommended by Brazilian Ministry of Health. Conclusions: The riverine residents in the Island Marchantaria, whether the community of São Francisco or Novo Renascer had equivalent prevalence of borderline blood pressure and hypertension. Risk factors for both communities, with respect to age and sex, is related to the anthropometric measures with overweight and blood pressure measures above the recommended maximums. There was smoking correlated with systemic arterial hypertension, with the highest rate in the elderly of both communities. Finally, we conclude the hypertension is a serious public health problem that afflicts riverine people, which guides the need for implementation of public health policies for health promotion and prevention of hypertension geared to riverine communities.
Introdução: Estudos epidemiológicos sobre a hipertensão arterial sistêmica são de grande importância para o conhecimento das condições que influenciam o adoecimento da população. No último vincênio, as comunidades ribeirinhas vêm passando um acelerado processo de transição no estilo de vida, gerando o aumento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, com destaque para a hipertensão arterial sistêmica. Objetivo: Analisar os fatores de risco para hipertensão arterial sistêmica de ribeirinhos das comunidades São Francisco e Novo Renascer, da Ilha da Marchantaria, do município de Iranduba, estado do Amazonas. Metodologia: A coleta dos dados foi realizada no período de 08 de julho a 24 de setembro de 2015, com 123 ribeirinhos de duas comunidades da Ilha da Marchantaria, município de Iranduba, Amazonas. Foram realizadas mensuração do peso, altura, circunferência da cintura e da relação cintura-quadril, foi verificada a pressão arterial e realizada entrevista para levantamento do nível socioeconômico dos ribeirinhos. Os dados foram analisados pelo programa Epi Info 7. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que, nas comunidades em estudo, o sexo masculino foi maioria. Não houve associação significante entre HA e renda. Houve correlação negativa entre HAS e o nível de escolaridade, tanto na população geral de sexo masculino e feminino, quanto na dividida por idades. Na análise da situação conjugal, não houve diferença estatística para a variável situação conjugal em sua correlação com HA. A prevalência de HAS foi de 59.09% para pessoas da Comunidade de São Francisco e 40% para as pessoas da Comunidade Novo Renascer. Nas duas comunidades, os valores do IMC, RCQ e do CP não tiveram diferenças significativas entre elas, apesar do IMC e RCQ apresentarem valores acima dos preconizados pelo Ministério da Saúde. Conclusões: Os ribeirinhos residentes na Ilha da Marchantaria, independentemente de serem da Comunidade de São Francisco ou Novo Renascer apresentaram prevalência equivalente de pressão arterial limítrofe e hipertensão arterial sistêmica. Os fatores de risco para as duas comunidades, em relação a idade e sexo, estão relacionados ao índice de IMC com a classificação de sobrepeso e RCQ acima dos valores máximos preconizados. Houve correlação do tabagismo com HAS, com maior índice nas pessoas idosas de ambas comunidades. Por fim, conclui-se a hipertensão arterial sistêmica é um grave problema de saúde pública que aflige pessoas ribeirinhas, o que norteia a necessidade de implementação de políticas públicas de saúde de promoção da saúde e prevenção da hipertensão arterial sistêmica voltadas às comunidades ribeirinhas.
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Magalhães, José Alexandre Pio 1971. "Relationship between anthropometric measurements of fat distribution and left ventricular structure in hypertensive subjects = Relação entre medidas antropométricas de distribuição de gordura e estrutura ventricular esquerda em pacientes hipertensos." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/312300.
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Orientador: Wilson Nadruz JúniorTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: A aferição da circunferência do braço é uma medida necessária para a seleção de manguitos apropriados e é recomendada para que se faça uma aferição correta da pressão arterial. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar e quantificar as relações entre a circunferência do braço e medidas antropométricas usuais de distribuição de gordura corporal e a estrutura cardíaca em indivíduos hipertensos. Nós avaliamos 339 pacientes (202 mulheres e 137 homens) por história médica, exame físico, antropometria, parâmetros metabólicos e inflamatórios e ecocardiografia. Resultados de análise de correlação parcial ajustada por idade e índice de massa corpórea revelaram que variáveis antropométricas se associaram significativamente com parâmetros ecocardiográficos apenas em mulheres. Neste sentido, a circunferência do braço se correlacionou com a espessura do septo interventricular e da parede posterior do ventrículo esquerdo e com a espessura relativa do ventrículo esquerdo ?0,45, enquanto que a circunferência abdominal se correlacionou com o diâmetro do ventrículo esquerdo. Análise multivariada incluindo idade, índice de massa corpórea, pressão arterial sistólica, homeostasis model assessment index, e uso de medicações anti-hipertensivas demonstraram que a circunferência do braço foi um preditor independente de espessura da parede ventricular esquerda e de hipertrofia concêntrica em mulheres. Análise multivariada adicional revelou que a circunferência abdominal foi um preditor independente do diâmetro diastólico final do ventrículo esquerdo e do átrio esquerdo. Em geral, estes achados sugerem que a circunferência do braço possa servir não só como um procedimento para permitir uma medida adequada da pressão arterial, mas também como um preditor de remodelamento cardíaco desfavorável em mulheres hipertensas
Abstract: Upper arm circumference measurement is necessary for the proper sizing of cuffs and is recommended for accurate blood pressure assessment. The aim of this report is to identify and quantify the relationships between upper arm circumference and the usual anthropometric measurements of body fat distribution and cardiac structure in hypertensive subjects. We evaluated 339 patients (202 women and 137 men) by medical history, physical examination, anthropometry, metabolic and inflammatory parameters, and echocardiography. Partial correlation analyses adjusted for age and body mass index revealed that anthropometric variables were significantly associated with echocardiographic parameters exclusively in women. In this regard, upper arm circumference correlated with interventricular septum thickness, posterior wall thickness, and relative wall thickness >or=0.45, while waist circumference was related to left cardiac chamber diameter. Multivariate analyses including age, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, homeostasis model assessment index, and use of antihypertensive medications demonstrated that upper arm circumference was an independent predictor of left ventricular wall thickness and concentric hypertrophy in women. Further linear regression analyses revealed that waist circumference was an independent predictor of left ventricular end-diastolic and left atrial diameters in this gender. Overall, these findings suggest that upper arm circumference determination might serve not only as a routine approach preceding blood pressure evaluation but also as a simple and feasible predictor of adverse left ventricular remodeling in hypertensive women
Doutorado
Clinica Medica
Doutor em Clínica Médica
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Gomes, Samara Fontes de Lima. "Medidas antropom?tricas e avalia??o do perfil lip?dico de indiv?duos obesos e com sobrepeso residentes no Estado do RN." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2009. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/13460.
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Previous issue date: 2009-08-31Overweight and obesity are defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. Obesity significantly increases the risk of developing numerous medical conditions, besides is associated with shortened life span. The objective of this study was to evaluate the anthropometric measurements and lipid profile in adult overweight and obese subjects residents in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The methodology was the analysis of certain biochemical parameters in serum of individuals and a physical evaluation that consisted of measurements of blood pressure and anthropometric data. In addition, the volunteers of the research answered a questionnaire about personal, social and clinical data. 1741 samples were collected, of which 432 (24,8%) were obese. Of these, 280 were selected to participate in the study, including 118 (42,1%) men and 162 (57,9%) women. Of the remaining 1309 individuals, 731 (55,8%) were overweight. Among them, 179 (24.5%) were analyzed in this study, with 56,4% female. Of the remaining 578 normal individuals, 143 were selected as controls in the research. Amid the obese, overweight and eutrophic, there were respectively 10% vs 5% vs 5,6% of diabetics, 92,1% vs 85,5% vs 68,7% of dyslipidemics and 38,6% vs 22,3% vs 15,6% of hypertensive patients. The degree of obesity presented by the participants was varied, with the majority (72,8%) fall into grade I obese, 22,9% (64) in grade II and only 4,3% (12) in grade III. Mean anthropometric participants showed statistically significant differences between groups eutrophic, overweight and obese on the BMI, WC, WHR and %BF and between sexes in CC, WHR and %BF. As the mean serum biochemical parameters to evaluate the lipid profile showed significant differences between groups eutrophic, overweight and obese, unless the exception of HDL among overweight and obese. The significance level was 5% (p <0.05)
O sobrepeso e a obesidade s?o definidos como o ac?mulo de gordura anormal ou excessivo que possa causar danos ? sa?de, aumentando expressivamente o risco de desenvolvimento de numerosas patologias, al?m de estarem associados ? diminui??o da expectativa de vida. O objetivo do presente trabalho ? avaliar as medidas antropom?tricas e o perfil lip?dico de indiv?duos adultos obesos e com sobrepeso residentes no Estado do RN. A metodologia adotada foi a an?lise de par?metros bioqu?micos determinados no soro dos volunt?rios e uma avalia??o f?sica que constou de medi??es de press?o arterial e dados antropom?tricos. Os volunt?rios da pesquisa ainda responderam a um question?rio sobre dados pessoais, sociais e cl?nicos. Foram coletadas 1741 amostras, das quais 432 (24,8%) eram de obesos. Destes, 280 foram selecionados para participar da pesquisa, entre eles 118 (42,1%) homens e 162 mulheres (57,9%). Dos 1309 volunt?rios restantes, 731 (55,8%) apresentaram sobrepeso. Dentre eles, 179 (24,5%) foram analisados nesta pesquisa sendo 56,4% do g?nero feminino. Dos 578 volunt?rios eutr?ficos remanescentes, 143 foram selecionados como controle da pesquisa. Em meio aos obesos, sobrepesos e eutr?ficos, havia, respectivamente, 10% vs 5% vs 5,6% de diab?ticos, 92,1% vs 85,5% vs 68,7% de dislipid?micos e 38,6% vs 22,3% vs 15,6% de hipertensos. O grau de obesidade apresentado pelos volunt?rios foi variado, com a maioria (72,8%; n = 204) se encaixando em obesos grau I, 22,9% (64) em grau II e apenas 4,3% (12) em grau III. As m?dias antropom?tricas dos volunt?rios indicaram diferen?as estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos eutr?fico, sobrepeso e obeso quanto ao IMC, CC, RCQ e %GC, e entre os g?neros quanto a CC, RCQ e %GC. Assim como as m?dias dos par?metros bioqu?micos s?ricos que avaliam o perfil lip?dico indicaram diferen?as significativas entre os grupos eutr?fico, sobrepeso e obeso, salvo exce??o do HDL entre os sobrepesos e obesos. O n?vel de signific?ncia adotado foi de 5% (p < 0,05)
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Astin, Angela DiDomenico. "Finger force capability: measurement and prediction using anthropometric and myoelectric measures." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30923.
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Hand and finger force data are used in many settings, including industrial design and indicating progress during rehabilitation. The application of appropriate work design principles, during the design of tools and workstations that involve the use of the hand and fingers, may minimize upper extremity injuries within the workplace. Determination and integration of force capabilities and requirements is an essential component of this process. Available data in the literature has focused primarily on whole-hand or multi-digit pinch exertions. The present study compiled and examined maximal forces exerted by the fingers in a variety of couplings to both enhance and supplement available data. This data was used to determine whether finger strength could be predicted from other strength measures and anthropometry. In addition, this study examined whether exerted finger forces could be estimated using surface electromyography obtained from standardized forearm locations. Such processes are of utility when designing and evaluating hand tools and human-machine interfaces involving finger intensive tasks, since the integration of finger force capabilities and task requirements are necessary to reduce the risk of injury to the upper limbs.Forces were measured using strain gauge transducers, and a modification of standard protocols was followed to obtain consistent and applicable data. Correlations within and among maximum finger forces, whole-hand grip force, and anthropometric measures were examined. Multiple regression models were developed to determine the feasibility of predicting of finger strength in various finger couplings from more accessible measures. After examining a wide variety of such mathematical models, the results suggest that finger strength can be predicted from easily obtained measures with only moderate accuracy (R2-adj: 0.45 - 0.64; standard error: 11.95N - 18.88N). Such models, however, begin to overcome the limitations of direct finger strength measurements of individuals.
Surface electrodes were used to record electromyographic signals collected from three standardized electrode sites on the forearm. Multiple linear regression models were generated to predict finger force levels with the three normalized electromographic measures as predictor variables. The results suggest that standardized procedures for obtaining EMG data and simple linear models can be used to accurately predict finger forces (R2-adj: 0.77 - 0.88; standard error: 9.21N - 12.42N) during controlled maximal exertions. However, further work is needed to determine if the models can be generalized to more complex tasks.
Master of Science
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Carvalho, Mónica. "Ajuste da tensão no tubo baseado em medidas antropometricas do tórax em exames de angiografia coronária por TCMD." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/17204.
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Mestrado em Tecnologias da Imagem MédicaIntrodução A redução da tensão no tubo permite diminuir a dose de radiação numa angiografia coronária, quando aplicada nos indivíduos selecionados, sem que a qualidade da imagem fique comprometida, sendo recomendado que essa decisão seja tomada com base no IMC. O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar se alguma das medidas antropométricas do tórax (área, perímetro e diâmetro) são mais adequadas que o IMC no ajuste na tensão no tubo. Métodos Foram incluídos 401 pacientes (265 realizados a 100 kV e 136 a 120 kV), que realizaram angiografia coronária para exclusão de doença coronária. Em todos os exames foi avaliada a qualidade de imagem medindo-se o SNR e o CNR. Nos exames realizados a 100 kV foi medida a área, o perímetro e o diâmetro torácicos na série de calcium scoring, numa imagem axial ao nível da bifurcação da artéria pulmonar. Resultados Verificou-se que as medidas torácicas avaliadas se correlacionam com o peso, a altura, o IMC, o SNR e o CNR. O maior diâmetro e a excentricidade (razão entre o maior e o menor diâmetro) do tórax são os parâmetros, independentemente do peso e do IMC, que melhor se associam com o SNR e o CNR. Existem diferenças significativas entre a morfologia do tórax feminino e masculino, sendo o tórax masculino mais excêntrico que o feminino (0.66+0.08 vs. 0.7+0.09, p=0.001, respetivamente). Conclusão Independentemente do sexo, a excentricidade torácica é o parâmetro mais adequado para basear a escolha da tensão no tubo.
Introduction The tube voltage reduction allows a decrease in radiation dose during tomographic coronary angiography without compromising the image quality. So far, in practice the common recommendation for tube voltage reduction is based on the patient body mass index (BMI). This paper’s goal is to verify if some of the thorax anthropometrics measurements (area, perimeter and diameter) are more reliable indicators than BMI in the adjustment the of the tube voltage. Methods The dataset included 401 patients (265 performed 100 kV and 136 performed 120kV), that had undergone coronary angiography for coronary artery disease exclusion. In all the exams image quality was quantitatively evaluated by measuring the SNR and CNR. In all exams acquired at 100 kV from the calcium scoring series a reference axial image at pulmonary arteria bifurcation level was chosen in order to obtain the area, perimeter and diameter of the thorax. Results A strong correlation between the thoracic measures and weight, height, BMI, SNR, CNR was observed. The thorax major diameter and eccentricity (major diameter/minor diameter) are the parameters, independently of weight and BMI, that best association with SNR and CNR. Relevant differences between feminine and masculine thorax morphology are observed, being the masculine thorax more eccentric than feminine (0.66+0.08 vs. 0.7+0.09, p=0.001, respectively). Conclusion No matter the gender, the thoracic eccentricity is the most suitable parameter to determine the tube voltage reduction.
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Gill, Simeon. "Determination of Functional Ease Allowances using anthropometric measurement for application in pattern construction." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.491840.
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This research arises from the awareness that the construction of a garment pattern requires satisfaction of complex variables to ensure finished garments fit and function correctly. Current pattern construction systems rely heavily on trial and error for their satisfaction, with little objective indication of ease requirements or insight into pattern philosophy. This study combines anthropometric measurements, pattern construction and human movement to investigate functional change and provide guidance on functional ease requirements to enable better fitting and functioning garments.
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Otieno, Rose Bujehela. "New clothing size charts for 3 to 6 years old female nursery schoolchildren in the Nairobi province of Kenya : implications for marketing strategy." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284750.
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Riggs, Amy Jo. "Calories vs. composition : the effects of dietary alterations on anthropometric measures and biochemical parameters in overweight women." Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1231345.
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TITLE: Calories vs. Composition: The effect on dietary alterations on anthropometric measures and biochemical parameters in overweight women.LEARNING OUTCOME: To determine if a high-protein, low-carbohydrate, ad-libitum diet is more effective than an energy-restricted diet in promoting weight loss and improving blood lipid and insulin levels.ABSTRACT TEXT: Thirty overweight/obese (BMI: 25-35kg/m2), premenopausal women were matched for Body Mass Index (BMI) and randomly assigned to one of the two diets: (1) High Protein (HP) (30-40% protein, 40-55% fat, 10-20% CHO); (2) Energy Restricted (ER) (1200kcal/d, 20-25% fat, 15-20% protein, 55-60% CHO). Subjects were given weekly menus matching their assigned macronutrient and/or energy requirements to aid in meal planning and dietary compliance. Baseline and post-diet measures included height, weight, body composition, blood lipids (total cholesterol (TC), HDL, LDL< and triglycerides (TG)], and plasma insulin levels. There were no significant differences found among the two groups in any of the above-listed variables prior to the study. Twenty-three women completed the 6-week study (HP=11, ER= 12). Compliance to the diets was adequate as indicated by weekly 24-hour recalls and daily urinary ketone levels. Both groups lost a significant amount of weight and body fat (P<0.05), andweight and body fat losses were not significantly different between the groups. In addition, both groups experienced similar decreases in TG, TC, LDL, HDL, and insulin levels. These results indicate that a HP diet is no more effective than an ER diet in promoting favorable changes in body weight, body composition, blood lipids, and insulin levels.Department of Family and Consumer Sciences
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Bouchghoul, Hanane. "Déterminants de l’hypoglycémie néonatale et maternelle chez les femmes ayant un diabète gestationnel traité par glyburide Hypoglycemia and glycemic control with glyburide in women with gestational diabetes and genetic variants of cytochrome P450 2C9 and/or OATP1B3 Transplacental transfer of glyburide in women with gestational diabetes and neonatal hypoglycemia risk Assessment of risk of hypoglycemia by anthropometric measurements in neonates of mothers with treated gestational diabetes." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASR008.
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Le diabète gestationnel (DG), dont la prévalence était de 10,8% en 2016 en France, est associée à une morbidité maternelle et néonatale. Actuellement, le traitement de référence est l’insulinothérapie. Le glyburide est efficace notamment sur le contrôle de l’équilibre glycémique par rapport à l'insuline. Cependant, il serait associé à une augmentation du risque d’hypoglycémie maternelle et néonatale en comparaison à l’insulinothérapie.L’objectif général de cette thèse était de mieux comprendre les déterminants de l’hypoglycémie maternelle et de l’hypoglycémie néonatale à partir d’analyses ancillaires et secondaires issues de l’essai randomisé national INDAO, publié en 2018.Les objectifs spécifiques étaient d’étudier 1-le passage transplacentaire de glyburide à l'accouchement, 2-l'association entre les mesures anthropométriques néonatales (rapport poids-taille (RPT) et poids de naissance) et l'hypoglycémie néonatale chez les femmes bénéficiant d’un traitement médicamenteux du DG, 3-l'association entre l’hypoglycémie maternelle et les variants à fonction diminuée CYP2C9*2 et les variants perte de fonction CYP2C9*3 et OATP1B3*4, puis l'association entre la dose quotidienne de glyburide et les porteurs de variants perte et diminution de fonction.Nous avons montré qu’il existait un passage placentaire du glyburide avec un rapport de la concentration de glyburide fœtus/mère de 0,62 (IC 95% : 0,50-0,74). Le risque d'hypoglycémie néonatale augmentait de manière significative avec l’augmentation de la concentration de glyburide dans le cordon ombilical, indépendamment de la macrosomie néonatale. Ensuite, nous avons montré que le risque accru d'hypoglycémie néonatale est associé de manière indépendante à des valeurs extrêmes du RPT, pour un faible Z-score du RPT (inférieur à -1,28), et un Z-score du RPT élevé (supérieur à 1,28), indépendamment du traitement maternel. Enfin, nous avons constaté un taux augmenté d'hypoglycémie maternelle au début du traitement par glyburide dans le groupe variant comprenant les porteuses de l’allèle CYP2C9*3 et/ou d'OATP1B*4 à l’état homozygote, associé à une augmentation moindre de la dose de glyburide et à une dose plus faible de glyburide atteinte en fin de traitement.Ces travaux apportent de nouvelles connaissances concernant le mécanisme d’action du glyburide chez les femmes enceintes, permettant une meilleure utilisation dans le traitement du DG. Demeurent cependant pour l’enfant les conséquences potentielles à long terme de l’exposition prolongée in utero au glyburideGestational diabetes (GD), whose prevalence in France was 10.8% in 2016, is associated with maternal and neonatal morbidity. Currently, the reference treatment is insulin therapy. Glyburide is effective, particularly in achieving glycemic control, compared with insulin. However, according to some studies, it is associated with an increased risk of maternal and neonatal hypoglycemia compared to insulin therapy.The main objective of this thesis was to better understand the determinants of maternal hypoglycemia and neonatal hypoglycemia based on ancillary and secondary analyses from the national randomized INDAO trial, published in 2018. The specific objectives were to investigate 1-the transplacental transfer of glyburide at delivery, 2-the association between neonatal anthropometric measures (weight-for-length ratio [WLR] and birth weight) and neonatal hypoglycemia in women receiving drug therapy for GD, 3-the association between maternal hypoglycemia and CYP2C9*2 reduced-function variants and CYP2C9*3 and OATP1B3*4 loss-of-function variants, and then in a second step to investigate the association between daily glyburide dose and carriers of loss-of-function and reduced-function variants.First, we showed that there was a placental transfer of glyburide with a fetal/maternal glyburide concentration ratio of 0.62 (95% CI 0.50-0.74). The risk of neonatal hypoglycemia increased significantly with increasing umbilical cord blood glyburide concentration, regardless of neonatal macrosomia. Second, we showed that the increased risk of neonatal hypoglycemia was independently associated with extreme values of WLR, for a low WLR Z-score (less than -1.28) and a high WLR Z-score (greater than 1.28), regardless of maternal treatment. Finally, we found an increased rate of maternal hypoglycemia at the beginning of glyburide treatment in the variant group including carriers of the CYP2C9*3 and/or OATP1B*4 allele in a homozygous state, associated with a smaller glyburide dose increment and a lower glyburide dose reached at the end of treatment.This thesis work provides new insights into the mechanism of action of glyburide in pregnant women, allowing for better use in the treatment of GD. However, the potential long-term consequences for the child of prolonged in utero exposure to glyburide remain
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Lightburn, Millard E. "Evaluation of anthropometry activities for high school science : student outcomes and classroom environment /." Curtin University of Technology, Science and Mathematics Education Centre, 2002. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=14071.
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The study involved the evaluation of anthropometric activities for high school science. The activities actively engaged students in the process of gathering, processing and analyzing data derived from human body measurements, with students using their prior knowledge acquired in science, mathematics and computer classes to interpret this information. Quantitative (survey) and qualitative (interview) methods were used to provide answers to the research questions. The quantitative portion of the study involved students' achievement, students' attitudes to science and students' perceptions of the classroom learning environment. A pretest/posttest design was used with achievement outcomes, however, only a single assessment of student attitudes and classroom environment was made. The sample size used to gather data on students' attitudes to science and students' perceptions of the leaming environment was 726 students. Five hundred and ninety-eight (598) students tools the biology test. However, analyses were restricted to the subsample of 158 students who had experienced the anthropometric laboratory activity. Twenty-four students (24) were interviewed for the qualitative part of the study. Data generated from the interviews were used to complement information provided in the surveys. The main purpose of this research was to evaluate these student-centered activities in terms of students' achievement, students' attitudes and students' perceptions of the science classroom environment. Other aims included: to validate generally-applicable measures of classroom learning environments and students' attitudes to science; to investigate gender differences in students' achievement, attitudes and perceptions of classroom environment; and to investigate associations between the classroom learning environment and the student outcomes of performance and attitudes.Some of the important findings of this study included: 1. In reference to the survey instruments, the item analyses supported the internal consistency reliability and ability to differentiate between classrooms of the learning environment questionnaire and the analyses of attitude data supported the factorial validity, internal consistency reliability and discriminant validity of the attitude questionnaire. 2. Substantial differences between the pretest and posttest scores for the achievement measures in Biology and anthropometric activities were found. These findings were supported by statistically significant t-test scores and effect sizes. 3. There was a positive influence of using anthropometric activities on both students' attitudes and their perceptions of the classroom learning environment. The findings based on qualitative information (interviews, which involved twenty-four students) were consistent with patterns emerging from our quantitative information (surveys, which involved 760 students) and they supported the effectiveness of the anthropometric activities. 4. The analysis of gender differences in students' achievement, attitudes and perceptions of classroom environment revealed that boys have more positive attitudes to science than girls do and is in agreement with past studies. However, females' students demonstrated more favorable perceptions of the learning environment than mates, primarily with Student Cohesiveness and Rule Clarity. 5. The association between student attitudes and their perception of the leaming environment indicated that students' attitudes to science are most likely to be positive in laboratory classes where student perceive a strong integration between the concepts and principles covered in theory classes and in laboratory classes. These findings are consistent with results in other countries.
6. The association between achievement and student perceptions of their learning environment, suggest that integration of theoretical concepts with laboratory activities (Integration), a cohesive student group (Student Cohesiveness) and using appropriate laboratory materials and equipment (Material Environment) are likely to lead to student achievement. This finding replicates the results of previous studies. 7. I found stronger outcome-environment associations for attitudes than for achievement. This finding is consistent with results from past research. The contributions and significance of this study can be summarized as follows: 1. One of the key components of this study was the development and implementation of the innovative anthropometric laboratory activity, which was especially designed for this research. 2. Another contribution of this study is to the field of integrated curriculum instruction. While most instructional curricular activities are subject specific, this study is interdisciplinary in nature because it effectively links concepts and skills from science, mathematics, statistics, and technology (graphing calculators and computers). 3. A unique feature of this research is that it had an evaluation component involving student performance, student attitudes, and the nature of the classroom learning environment. Therefore, the study contributes to the field of learning environment research by adding another study to the limited research that has employed the classroom environment as a criterion of effectiveness in evaluating educational innovations. The study has the potential to help other science teachers to apply these ideas in their classrooms.
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Ribeiro, Jorge Manuel Pereira. "Análise da relação de variáveis antropométricas e fisiológicas com a performance máxima em Remo ergómetro." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UP-Universidade do Porto -- -Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física, 2002. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29596.
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Manuel, Melissa Barnes Ulrich Pamela V. Connell Lenda Jo. "Using 3D body scan measurement data and body shape assessment to build anthropometric profiles of tween girls." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1585.
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Botsime, Boichoko Duncan. "Influence of agro-ecological region on selected anthropometrical measurements of Nguni cattle in South Africa." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03262007-144048.
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Hayes, Susan. "Seeing and measuring the 2D face." University of Western Australia. School of Anatomy and Human Biology, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2010.0067.
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This is a study of the factors that affect face shapes, and the techniques that can be used to measure variations in two dimensional representations of faces. The materials included thirty photographs of people in natural poses and thirty portraits that were based on the pose photographs. Visual assessors were asked to score the photographs and portraits in terms of pose (cant, turn and pitch) and also to compare the portraits to the photographs and score them in terms of likeness in the depiction of the face and its component features. Anthropometric indices were derived and used to score the images for the pose variables as well as for aspects of individual variation in external face shape and the spatial arrangement of the features. Geometric morphometric analysis was also used to determine the shape variation occurring in the photographs, the variation within the portraits, and to specifically discern where the portraits differ from the photographs in the depiction of head pose and individual differences in facial morphology. For the analysis of pose it was found that visual assessors were best at discerning the extent of head turning and poorest at discerning head pitch. These tendencies occurred in the visual assessments of both the photographs and the portrait drawings. For the analysis of the individual variation in face shapes it was found that external face shape varies according to upper face dimensions and the shape of the chin, and that vertical featural configurations are strongly linked to external face shape. When the portrait and photograph data were placed in the same geometric morphometric analysis the inaccuracies in the portrait drawings became evident. When these findings were compared to the visual assessments it transpired that, on average, visual assessment was generally congruent with the geometric morphometric analysis, but were possibly confounded by patterns of dysmorphology in the portraits that were contrary to what this study suggests are normal patterns of face shape variation. Overall this study has demonstrated that while anthropometric and visual assessments of facial differences are quite good, both were comparatively poor at assessing head pitch and tended to be confounded by the dysmorphologies arising in the portrait drawings. Geometric morphometric analysis was found to be very powerful in discerning complex shape variations associated with head pose and individual differences in facial morphology, both within and between the photographs and portraits.
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Nilses, Carin. "Health in Women of Reproductive Age : A Survey in Rural Zimbabwe." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2000. http://publications.uu.se/theses/91-554-4893-3/.
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Amaral, Pedro Silva. "Associação da actividade física e obesidade em crianças e jovens e influência da obesidade parental." Master's thesis, Universidade do Porto. Reitoria, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/10136.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciência do Desporto, área de especialização em Desporto de Recreação e Lazer, apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física da Universidade do PortoOs objectivos do estudo foram: (1) definir valores de prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade; (2) verificar a existência de associações entre a obesidade e a actividade física na população infanto-juvenil; (3) verificar a existência de agregação familiar para o índice de massa corporal. A amostra foi constituída por 647 crianças (289 rapazes e 358 raparigas, com idades compreendidas entre os 8 e 16 anos), pertencentes à área metropolitana do Porto. Para avaliar a obesidade utilizou-se o índice de massa corporal (para as crianças seguiram-se os pressupostos de Cole e col.,(2000) e para os pais os da OMS (1998). A percentagem de gordura corporal foi estimada através das pregas de adiposidade subcutânea, tricipital e subscapular, segundo Slaughter e col. (1988). Para a avaliação da actividade física utilizou-se uma versão adaptada do weekly activity checklist seguindo-se os pressupostos de Sallis e col. (1993). Os resultados deste estudo permitiram-nos concluir que: (a) 14.9% dos rapazes e 17.3% das raparigas apresentam sobrepeso; (b) 5.2% dos rapazes e 8.5% das raparigas são obesas; (c) Apesar de ter sido encontrada uma relação inversa entre a actividade física e o índice de massa corporal nos rapazes, não foram encontradas correlações significativas entre a actividade física e o índice de massa corporal; (d) O índice de massa corporal da mãe está significativamente correlacionado com o do filho e o do pai com a filha.Palavras-chave: Crianças e jovens, Obesidade, Actividade Física, Agregação Familiar
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Ånestrand, Grimstedt Ida. "Milk consumption and growth of children in the Kilimanjaro region in rural Tanzania. : An ethnographic research done through quantitative and qualitative methodes." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för arbets- och folkhälsovetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-14675.
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The aim of this study was to investigate milk consumption among children in a village in a developing country where access to milk during childhood may be limited. Another aim was to see if measurable information could demonstrate growth among children who drank milk. The data was collected through anthropometric measurements on 66 boys and girls (aged 5-6). Nutritional data from a selected group of parents of the participating children were done through 24-hour-recall, questions about meal arrangement, availability and attitudes about milk were asked. Result: Five-year-old girls who drank milk at home and in school were significantly taller compared to girls (5 yr) who did not drink milk, as well as taller than the girls (5 yrs) who drank milk only at home. Arm muscle area, and arm circumference was also significantly larger among the girls (5 yr) who drank milk. No significant differences were shown among the boys. Food consumption included more nutrients among children who drank milk, which might contribute to the growth effect among the girls (5 yrs). Consumption of milk was due to economic situations, access to school-milk or owning a cow. Conclusions: Some significant differences among 5-year-old girls were shown. Poverty was the main reason for not drinking milk, as well as lack of access to milk.Syftet med denna etnografiska studie var att undersöka mjölkkonsumtion bland barn i en by i ett utvecklingsland där tillgång till mjölk under barndomen kan vara begränsad. Syftet var även att se om mätbar information kan visa tillväxt hos barn som dricker mjölk. Data samlades in genom antropometriska mätningar på 66 pojkar och flickor (5-6 år). Kostdata hos en utvald grupp föräldrar till några av de barn som deltog i mätningarna har gjorts genom 24-timmars-intervjuer, där även frågor kring måltidsordningen, tillgänglighet och attityder kring mjölk ställdes. Resultat: Femåriga flickor som drack mjölk både i skolan och i hemmet visade sig vara signifikant längre än flickor (5 år) som inte drack mjölk, de var även längre än flickor (5 år) som bara drack mjölk i hemmet. Armmuskelarea och armomkrets var också signifikant större hos flickorna (5 år) som drack mjölk jämfört med de flickor som inte drack mjölk. Inga signifikanta skillnader gällande tillväxten visade sig hos pojkarna. Matkonsumtionen var mer varierad hos de barn som drack mjölk, vilket kan ha påverkat resultatet. Mjölkkonsumtionen berodde på ekonomi, tillgång till skolmjölk, brist på mjölk och kunskap om mjölk. Slutsats: Några signifikanta skillnader gällande tillväxten visade sig hos femåriga flickor. Fattigdom var största anledningen till att inte konsumera mjölk, även brist på mjölk i bostadsområdet. Barn som drack mjölk hade tillgång till mjölk i skolan och/eller i hemmet.
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Chiu, Chuang-Yuan. "Rapid three-dimensional photonic scanning system for body volume measurement and body shape visualization." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22003.
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Traditional three-dimensional (3D) photonic scanning (3DPS) can be used to obtain body volume data and to enable visualization of 3D body shape in one rapid scan, which is helpful for determining people’s obesity level, health risk and sport performance as well as motivating individuals to reduce weight efficiently. Nevertheless, traditional 3DPS is restricted to expensive and fixed hardware and specific software that requires specialist interpretation in laboratory settings, which reduces possible applications. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to develop a fast, inexpensive, portable and automatic 3DPS system to measure body volume data and to display body shape in 3D. To ensure that the system could be used for monitoring changes over time, the accuracy and reliability of the estimated body volumes were also established. Four studies and one technical description were conducted to achieve the purpose of this research. In the first three studies, a new technique, DScan, was developed that could generate individual 3D human models and calculate body volume. In Study 1, the reliability of the body dimension features obtained by four extraction methods was compared to find an appropriate method to improve the quality of extracted body dimension features. In Study 2, two different parameter groups were compared to enable subsequent selection of appropriate parameters to generate realistic 3D human models. A procedure and a program were presented which can set the parameters to match the extracted features and generate individual 3D human models effectively. In Study 3, Blender scripts and shell scripts were used to develop a customized program which can obtain body volume data from generated 3D human models. In Study 4, the accuracy and the reliability of the body volume data acquired from DScan were examined by comparing with the traditional 3DPS and the geometric modelling technique, elliptical zone (E-Zone). In the technical description, a Body Shape Monitoring System (BSMS) which can help non-expert users complete the DScan procedure and visualize body shape changes was introduced. The processing speed, cost and portability of the introduced BSMS were also shown in the technical description. The accuracy of the BSMS for whole-body volume indicated by an inter-method relative technical error of measurement was within 5% of that obtained from the traditional 3DPS. The repeated reliability expressed as an intra-method relative technical error of measurement was under 3% for whole-body volume. The accuracy and the reliability of the BSMS for segmental volumes (upper torso, lower torso, upper arm, lower arm, thigh and shank) indicated by inter-method and intra-method relative technical error of measurements were less than 10% and 5% respectively. These were similar to those obtained by the E-Zone. The BSMS reduces the requirement of hardware, software and expert knowledge as well as the processing time compared to other techniques of quantifying whole-body volume and segmental volumes. The GUI of the BSMS enables it to be used without specific training in computer programing or machine operation. The system is highly portable, and its components are inexpensive (under £700). Each analysis can be completed in three minutes without requiring subjective interpretations. The results showed that the system has the potential to be applied in the domains of health and medicine, the fashion industry, ergonomics, and sports science. Further studies should be conducted to develop a complete system which is consequently suitable for home use.
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Amaral, Pedro Silva. "Associação da actividade física e obesidade em crianças e jovens e influência da obesidade parental." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UP-Universidade do Porto -- -Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física, 2001. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29445.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciência do Desporto, área de especialização em Desporto de Recreação e Lazer, apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física da Universidade do PortoOs objectivos do estudo foram: (1) definir valores de prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade; (2) verificar a existência de associações entre a obesidade e a actividade física na população infanto-juvenil; (3) verificar a existência de agregação familiar para o índice de massa corporal. A amostra foi constituída por 647 crianças (289 rapazes e 358 raparigas, com idades compreendidas entre os 8 e 16 anos), pertencentes à área metropolitana do Porto. Para avaliar a obesidade utilizou-se o índice de massa corporal (para as crianças seguiram-se os pressupostos de Cole e col.,(2000) e para os pais os da OMS (1998). A percentagem de gordura corporal foi estimada através das pregas de adiposidade subcutânea, tricipital e subscapular, segundo Slaughter e col. (1988). Para a avaliação da actividade física utilizou-se uma versão adaptada do weekly activity checklist seguindo-se os pressupostos de Sallis e col. (1993). Os resultados deste estudo permitiram-nos concluir que: (a) 14.9% dos rapazes e 17.3% das raparigas apresentam sobrepeso; (b) 5.2% dos rapazes e 8.5% das raparigas são obesas; (c) Apesar de ter sido encontrada uma relação inversa entre a actividade física e o índice de massa corporal nos rapazes, não foram encontradas correlações significativas entre a actividade física e o índice de massa corporal; (d) O índice de massa corporal da mãe está significativamente correlacionado com o do filho e o do pai com a filha.Palavras-chave: Crianças e jovens, Obesidade, Actividade Física, Agregação Familiar
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Weekes, Alix M. "Systems for the automotive industry for improved safety of pregnant occupants." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6374.
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The thesis presents an investigation of pregnant women s safety and comfort needs during car travel. A survey is used to investigate all aspects and problems of car travel. This survey is a comprehensive examination of the entire driving activity with much detail of reported difficulties from pregnant women that forms a novel resource for the automotive engineers. The survey results are used to generate guidelines for the automotive industry. A series of sled tests are presented that investigate seat belt use in pregnancy including the use of lap belt positioners. The peak abdominal pressure results clearly agree with current guidelines that the lap belt should be positioned across the hips and not across the abdomen. This research includes a novel anthropometric dataset for 107 pregnant women including measurements especially selected for the field of automotive design and to describe the changes of pregnancy. This includes investigation of pregnant driver s proximity to the steering wheel. A novel measurement of knee splay is used to define the pregnant women s preference to sit with their knees widely spaced instead of knees together, in both normal sitting and in a car. Comparison is made between the pregnant women's measurements and the available data in the literature for non-pregnant women and males, and this shows that pregnant women can be excluded from designs if the accommodation does not consider their needs. The pregnant women's anthropometric data is presented as a novel website in order to make the data available to the automotive industry. This website is generated for use by automotive engineers and is designed to suit their usability needs and the general trends within the industry, in order to make the site more user-friendly and more likely to be used as a reference for pregnant occupant's needs.
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Campos, Verónica Alexandra Simões de. "A aptidão física e composição corporal em mulheres idosas." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UP-Universidade do Porto -- -Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física, 2002. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29568.
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Figueiredo, Helena Margarida Martins Pinto de. "Estudo comparativo do perfil nutricional e composição corporal entre mulheres praticantes e não praticantes de ginástica aeróbica da cidade de Vila Real." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UP-Universidade do Porto -- -Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física, 1999. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29093.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciência do Desporto, área de especialização em Desporto de Recreação e Lazer, apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física da Universidade do PortoO presente estudo teve como objectivos avaliar e comparar a ingestão nutricional e a composição corporal entre praticantes de ginástica aeróbica (frequência mínima de 3 dias/semana) e não praticantes, do sexo feminino e da cidade de Vila Real. Teve, também, como objectivos comparar os valores obtidos, por ambos os grupos da amostra, com os valores referenciados na literatura no que diz respeito à ingestão nutricional e à composição corporal, e, estabelecer possíveis relações entre a ginástica aeróbica, a alimentação e a composição corporal. Tomou-se como amostra 40 sujeitos, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 30 anos, dos quais 20 eram praticantes de ginástica aeróbica e 20 eram não praticantes. Em cada um dos sujeitos estudados os dados da ingestão nutricional foram obtidos através da administração de um questionário semi-quantitativo de frequência alimentar e posteriormente através do programa informático Food Processor Plus, versão 5.03. Os dados sobre a composição corporal foram obtidos através da medição de pregas de adiposidade subcutânea, adoptando-se a fórmula de Durnin e Womersley. Também se procedeu à medição do peso corporal e da altura. Quanto ao tratamento estatístico dos dados foram calculados as médias , desvio padrão, amplitude de variação e teste t de Student para medidas independentes, cujo nível de significância estatística foi mantido em 5%. Da análise dos resultados foram obtidas as seguintes conclusões: não existem diferenças significativas, entre praticantes de ginástica aeróbica e não praticantes, no que diz respeito à ingestão de calorias, hidratos de carbono, gorduras, proteínas, vitaminas (à excepção da biotina) e minerais (à excepção do iodo) e no que respeita ao peso, altura, pregas de adiposidade subcutânea, índice de massa corporal, percentagem e quilograma de massa gorda e percentagem de massa magra. Quanto ao quilograma de massa magra as praticantes evidenciaram valores superiores significativos; ambos os grupos da amo ...
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Figueiredo, Helena Margarida Martins Pinto de. "Estudo comparativo do perfil nutricional e composição corporal entre mulheres praticantes e não praticantes de ginástica aeróbica da cidade de Vila Real." Master's thesis, Universidade do Porto. Reitoria, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/9968.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciência do Desporto, área de especialização em Desporto de Recreação e Lazer, apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física da Universidade do PortoO presente estudo teve como objectivos avaliar e comparar a ingestão nutricional e a composição corporal entre praticantes de ginástica aeróbica (frequência mínima de 3 dias/semana) e não praticantes, do sexo feminino e da cidade de Vila Real. Teve, também, como objectivos comparar os valores obtidos, por ambos os grupos da amostra, com os valores referenciados na literatura no que diz respeito à ingestão nutricional e à composição corporal, e, estabelecer possíveis relações entre a ginástica aeróbica, a alimentação e a composição corporal. Tomou-se como amostra 40 sujeitos, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 30 anos, dos quais 20 eram praticantes de ginástica aeróbica e 20 eram não praticantes. Em cada um dos sujeitos estudados os dados da ingestão nutricional foram obtidos através da administração de um questionário semi-quantitativo de frequência alimentar e posteriormente através do programa informático Food Processor Plus, versão 5.03. Os dados sobre a composição corporal foram obtidos através da medição de pregas de adiposidade subcutânea, adoptando-se a fórmula de Durnin e Womersley. Também se procedeu à medição do peso corporal e da altura. Quanto ao tratamento estatístico dos dados foram calculados as médias , desvio padrão, amplitude de variação e teste t de Student para medidas independentes, cujo nível de significância estatística foi mantido em 5%. Da análise dos resultados foram obtidas as seguintes conclusões: não existem diferenças significativas, entre praticantes de ginástica aeróbica e não praticantes, no que diz respeito à ingestão de calorias, hidratos de carbono, gorduras, proteínas, vitaminas (à excepção da biotina) e minerais (à excepção do iodo) e no que respeita ao peso, altura, pregas de adiposidade subcutânea, índice de massa corporal, percentagem e quilograma de massa gorda e percentagem de massa magra. Quanto ao quilograma de massa magra as praticantes evidenciaram valores superiores significativos; ambos os grupos da amo ...
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Niño, Machado Natalia. "Growing right : unpacking the WHO Child Growth Standards Development and their implementation in Colombia." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33267.
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Child growth reference charts have been used since the 1960s to assess children´s growth - enabling comparison of different population groups and the implementation of nutritional surveillance. In 2006, an important critical juncture occurred in the history of anthropometry and nutritional assessment, when the WHO released new growth charts for international comparison after promoting, since 1975, the use of the charts developed by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and US National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). According to the WHO, these charts indicate how children should grow for the best health outcome in contrast to the NCHS/CDC charts that indicated how the average child grows. This shift from a descriptive to a prescriptive -and rather normative - approach allowed the WHO to state that all children in the world have the potential to grow and develop to within the same range of height and weight, thus implying that all children should develop in specific standardised ways, regardless of ethnicity, socioeconomic status and type of feeding. By 2011, approximately 125 countries had adopted the WHO charts for individual growth monitoring as well as the means of producing statistics for under- and over-nutrition, which would be used to assess and monitor a population's health status. This shift between charts has direct implications for how children's growth is measured and how malnutrition is assessed. The adoption of the WHO charts has immediate consequences for the calculation of underweight, overweight, stunting, and wasting prevalence. In this sense, the adoption of the new charts considerably changes the estimates to predict nutrition-related emergencies, the assessment of appropriate weaning practices, and the screening and monitoring of populations at risk or with growth deficiencies or excesses. In my doctoral research, I use Colombia as a case study to unpack how a standard developed by an international organisation is negotiated, adopted and constantly transformed once it is scaled down to a specific country. Using the theoretical approach to standards by authors such as Star, Bowker, Timmermans, Berg, and Epstein, in this dissertation I show how, far from being 'stable' and 'value-free' (as the World Bank would describe them), growth charts are political tools of measurement, charged with specific values regarding children's bodies. Given that Colombia had previously used the NCHS charts, this research explores how the WHO charts have been adopted within individual growth monitoring programmes in Colombia. I also describe how the change in charts has destabilised the production of under and over-nutrition indicators by national bodies, such as the Ministry of Health and the Instituto Nacional de Salud. My data includes twenty-eight interviews with policy makers, experts and civil servants who actively participated in the process of adopting and adapting the standards in Colombia at the national level; seventeen interviews with nurses and doctors; observation of 158 anthropometric assessments of children under five years old within six health facilities in the Caribbean region that were implementing a growth monitoring programme. By exploring how the WHO charts are interpreted and used in practice, this research contributes to the study of standards and standardisation as a field of study in its own right.
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Rowell, Chelsie Joyce. "Accuracy of Self-Reported Height, Weight, and Calculated BMI and Resulting FITNESSGRAM® Healthy Fitness Zone Classification." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5214/.
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The determination of adiposity in adolescents is often assessed with calculations of body mass indices (BMI). Researchers often obtain these measurements from self-reported (SR) values. The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of SR height, weight, and calculated BMI (from height and weight). SR and actual measured (ME) BMI values were compared with standards from the FITNESSGRAM® Healthy Fitness Zone (HFZ) classifications. SR height and calculated BMI were found to be accurate while SR weight was, on average, underreported by 4.77 lbs. Because of these errors in SR height and weight, accuracy of classification into the FITNESSGRAM® HFZ was compromised. Consequently, it is important that researchers ascertain actual values of height and weight when measuring adolescents rather than use those from self-reports.
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Malla, Amol Man. "Automated video-based measurement of eye closure using a remote camera for detecting drowsiness and behavioural microsleeps." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2111.
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A device capable of continuously monitoring an individual’s levels of alertness in real-time is highly desirable for preventing drowsiness and lapse related accidents. This thesis presents the development of a non-intrusive and light-insensitive video-based system that uses computer-vision methods to localize face, eyes, and eyelids positions to measure level of eye closure within an image, which, in turn, can be used to identify visible facial signs associated with drowsiness and behavioural microsleeps.
The system was developed to be non-intrusive and light-insensitive to make it practical and end-user compliant. To non-intrusively monitor the subject without constraining their movement, the video was collected by placing a camera, a near-infrared (NIR) illumination source, and an NIR-pass optical filter at an eye-to-camera distance of 60 cm from the subject. The NIR-illumination source and filter make the system insensitive to lighting conditions, allowing it to operate in both ambient light and complete darkness without visually distracting the subject.
To determine the image characteristics and to quantitatively evaluate the developed methods, reference videos of nine subjects were recorded under four different lighting conditions with the subjects exhibiting several levels of eye closure, head orientations, and eye gaze. For each subject, a set of 66 frontal face reference images was selected and manually annotated with multiple face and eye features.
The eye-closure measurement system was developed using a top-down passive feature-detection approach, in which the face region of interest (fROI), eye regions of interests (eROIs), eyes, and eyelid positions were sequentially localized. The fROI was localized using an existing Haar-object detection algorithm. In addition, a Kalman filter was used to stabilize and track the fROI in the video. The left and the right eROIs were localized by scaling the fROI with corresponding proportional anthropometric constants. The position of an eye within each eROI was detected by applying a template-matching method in which a pre-formed eye-template image was cross-correlated with the sub-images derived from the eROI. Once the eye position was determined, the positions of the upper and lower eyelids were detected using a vertical integral-projection of the eROI. The detected positions of the eyelids were then used to measure eye closure.
The detection of fROI and eROI was very reliable for frontal-face images, which was considered sufficient for an alertness monitoring system as subjects are most likely facing straight ahead when they are drowsy or about to have microsleep. Estimation of the y- coordinates of the eye, upper eyelid, and lower eyelid positions showed average median errors of 1.7, 1.4, and 2.1 pixels and average 90th percentile (worst-case) errors of 3.2, 2.7, and 6.9 pixels, respectively (1 pixel 1.3 mm in reference images). The average height of a fully open eye in the reference database was 14.2 pixels. The average median and 90th percentile errors of the eye and eyelid detection methods were reasonably low except for the 90th percentile error of the lower eyelid detection method. Poor estimation of the lower eyelid was the primary limitation for accurate eye-closure measurement.
The median error of fractional eye-closure (EC) estimation (i.e., the ratio of closed portions of an eye to average height when the eye is fully open) was 0.15, which was sufficient to distinguish between the eyes being fully open, half closed, or fully closed. However, compounding errors in the facial-feature detection methods resulted in a 90th percentile EC estimation error of 0.42, which was too high to reliably determine extent of eye-closure. The eye-closure measurement system was relatively robust to variation in facial-features except for spectacles, for which reflections can saturate much of the eye-image. Therefore, in its current state, the eye-closure measurement system requires further development before it could be used with confidence for monitoring drowsiness and detecting microsleeps.
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Pereira, Artur Manuel Romão. "Crescimento somático e aptidão física de crianças com idades compreendidas entre os seis e os dez anos de idade-um estudo no Concelho da Maia." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UP-Universidade do Porto -- -Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física, 2000. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29226.
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Souza, Felipe Granado de. "Criação de uma base de dados de mãos e estaturas e obtenção de modelos de regressão em antropometria forense." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2016.
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Orientadora: Profª. Drª. Maria Elizete KunkelDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Biomédica, 2016.
O Brasil não possui uma base nacional de dados antropométricos de mãos. Este tipo de dados é fundamental para estudos de forense, biomecânica e ergonomia. A estatura, assim como sexo, idade e etnia é um dado fundamental na identificação humana. Equações de regressão podem ser usadas para a estimativa da estatura de uma pessoa a partir de medidas de parâmetros antropométricos da mão. Nesta pesquisa foi criada uma base de dados de medidas antropométricas das mãos e estaturas. Equações de regressão linear foram geradas para estimativa de estatura de uma pessoa a partir de uma medida da sua mão. A amostra totalizou 427 voluntários do estado de São Paulo (56,4% mulheres e 43,6% homens) com idade entre 18 e 60 anos. As medidas de comprimento e largura das mãos e comprimento dos dedos de 854 mãos foram obtidas de modo direto, com um paquímetro digital, e de modo indireto e semiautomático, com um software a partir das imagens das mãos digitalizadas. Tanto os valores numéricos quando as fotos da base de dados, MaoBD, serão disponibilizados em http://goo.gl/95s5Bz. A avaliação comparativa entre os métodos verificou pequenas discordâncias entre eles, porém o método indireto resultou em uma forma mais rápida e de baixo custo para a coleta dos dados podendo ser usado para ampliar a base de dados para representar a população brasileira. O comprimento da palma da mão foi o melhor parâmetro para estimativa de estatura.
Brazil does not have a national base of anthropometric data from hands. This type of data is critical to forensic biomechanics and ergonomics studies. Stature, as well as gender, age and ethnicity, are important data in human identification. Regression equations can be used to estimate the stature of a person from anthropometric measurements of the hand. In this research, an anthropometric database of the hands and statures was created. Linear regression equations were generated to mestimate the stature of a person from a measure of their hand. The sample has 427 volunteers of São Paulo (56.4% women and 43.6% men) aged between 18 and 60 years. Length and width of the hands and finger length of 854 hands were obtained in a direct method, with a digital caliper, and with an indirect and semi-automatic method by using a software to analyse digitalized images of hands. Both numeric values and photos of the database, MaoBD, will be available in http://goo.gl/95s5Bz. The comparative evaluation of the methods found little disagreement among them, but the indirect method has resulted in a faster and cost-effective method for data collection that can be used to extend a database representing the Brazilian population. The length of the palm was the best parameter for estimating stature.
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Puniani, Kasalanaita. "Body composition measurements in Maori, Pacific Island and European New Zealand children aged 5-14 years thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the degree of Master of Applied Science, Auckland University of Technology, May 2004." Full thesis, 2004. http://puka2.aut.ac.nz/ait/theses/PunianiK.pdf.
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Andersson, Mikael. "Assessing Physical Activity and Physical Capacity in Subjects with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Sjukgymnastik, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-220602.
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The overall aim of this thesis was to assess measurement properties of methods suitable for screening or monitoring of physical capacity and physical activity in subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to explore factors associated with physical activity levels. Methods: Four observational studies were conducted. Participants in studies I-III (sample sizes) (n=49, n=15, n=73) were recruited from specialist clinics, and in study IV from a population-based cohort (COPD n=470 and Non-COPD n=659). Psychometric properties of methods assessing physical capacity (study I) and physical activity (study II) were investigated in laboratory settings. Daily physical activity and clinical characteristics were assessed with objective methods (study III) and with subjective methods (study IV). Results: Physical capacity as measured by walking speed during a 30-metre walk test displayed high test-retest correlations (ICC>0.87) and small measurement error. The accuracy for step count and body positions differed between activity monitors and direct observations. In study III 92% of subjects had an activity level below what is recommended in guidelines. Forty five percent of subjects’ activity could be accounted for by clinical characteristics with lung function (22.5%), walking speed (10.1%), quadriceps strength (7.0%) and fat-free mass index (3.0%) being significant predictors. In study IV, low physical activity was significantly more prevalent in COPD subjects from GOLD grade ≥II than among Non-COPD subjects (22.4 vs. 14.6%, p = 0.016). The strongest factors associated with low activity in COPD subjects were a history of heart disease, OR (CI 95%) 2.11 (1.10-4.08) and fatigue, OR 2.33 (1.31-4.13) while obesity was the only significant factor in Non-COPD subjects, OR 2.26 (1.17-4.35). Conclusion: The 30 meter walk test and activity monitors are useful when assessing physical capacity and physical activity, respectively in patients with COPD. Impaired physical activity in severe COPD is related to low lung function, low walking speed, low muscle strength and altered body composition, whereas comorbidities and fatigue are linked to insufficient physical activity in patients with moderately severe COPD.
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Cardoso, Ana Maria. "Desenvolvimento de tabela de medidas de corpo para idosas: estudo antropométrico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100133/tde-15062015-102243/.
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De acordo com os dados do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE, 2010), o Brasil anuncia que o país caminha rumo a um perfil demográfico cada vez mais envelhecido, partir de 2039, será registrado o chamado crescimento zero; em 2050, o quadro muda: para cada 100 crianças de 0 a 14 anos, existirão 172,7 idosos. Inúmeros são os desafios enfrentados pelas pessoas idosas, principalmente para as mulheres que hoje representam 56% da população idosa. Um desses desafios é a transformação do corpo, e ao lado da falta de produtos do vestuário com medidas adequadas, que, além de vestir o corpo, apresente um caimento perfeito que atenda à necessidade física de uso. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo propor os procedimentos, empregando dados antropométricos obtidos com o equipamento Body Scanner para elaborar tabelas de medidas, visando estabelecer padrões para serem aplicados na confecção de modelagem destinada a mulheres idosas. As medidas utilizadas neste trabalho fazem parte do Estudo Antropométrico no Brasil e foram cedidas pelo Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Industrial/Centro de Tecnologia da Indústria Química Têxtil (SENAI/CETIQT). Através dos estudos, foi possível classificar os corpos em vários tipos: retângulo com cintura grossa e fina, triângulo com cintura fina e grossa e triângulo invertido com cintura grossa e propor tabelas de medidas. Os resultados obtidos indicaram a viabilidade de aplicação da metodologia proposta para elaboração das tabelas de medidasAccording to data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE, 2010), Brazil announced that the country moves towards an increasingly aging demographic profile since 2039, will be recorded the named \"zero growth\"; in 2050, the picture changes: for every 100 children 0-14 years there will be 172.7 older. Many are the challenges faced by older people, especially for women who now represent 56% of the elderly population. One such challenge is the transformation of the body, and with a shortage of garment products with appropriate measures, that in addition to dressing the body presents a perfect fit that meets the physical need to use. This research aims to propose procedure, using anthropometric data obtained with the equipment Body Scanner to prepare tables of measures, to establish standards to be applied in making modeling aimed at older women. The measures used in this work are part of Anthropometric Study in Brazil and were provided by the National Industrial Training Service / Center for Chemical Technology of Textile Industry (SENAI/CETIQT). Through the studies, it was possible to classify bodies in various types: rectangle with thick and thin waist, thin triangle with thick waist and inverted triangle with thick waistand propose measures tables. The results indicated the feasibility of applying the proposed methodology for the preparation of measurements tables
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Santos, Solange Oliveira. "Estudo do perfil nutricional e composição corporal em professoras de ginástica de academia." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UP-Universidade do Porto -- -Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física, 2001. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29464.
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Santos, Solange Oliveira. "Estudo do perfil nutricional e composição corporal em professoras de Ginástica de Academia." Master's thesis, Universidade do Porto. Reitoria, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/10139.
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Lacson, Carmina, and Alice Johansson. "Undersökning av lämpligt tryck att tillämpa i medicinska sensoriska plagg : Vilket tryck mot huden krävs för tillförlitliga signaler från textila sensorer." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-26576.
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För att kunna underlätta för sjukvården, både med avseende att belastning och för att underlätta för patienter med allergier mot t.ex. limmet som används för att fästa elektroder mot kroppen, arbetas det med att ta fram sensoriska plagg. Ett sensoriskt plagg kan användas för att kontrollera olika mätvärden i vardagen så som hjärtsignaler eller liknande och ska vara lätt för patienten att använda själv hemma. Eller som ett alternativ för någon som är allergisk mot det lim som vanligtvis används för att fästa sensorer mot kroppen. För att sensorerna i plagget ska kunna ge tydliga och användbara mätningar behöver de sitta stilla med ett jämt tryck på sensorerna mot kroppen. För att användaren av det sensoriska plagget ska vilja använda plagget och finna det bekvämt kan inte trycket mot kroppen vara för högt. Därför är det viktigt att ta reda på vilket tryck som uppfattas som bekvämt och vara funktionellt, men också är tillräckligt högt för att få en tydlig och användbar mätning. I denna rapport undersöks därför vilket tryck som uppfattas som gångbart ur användarsynpunkt. Undersökningen genomfördes med hjälp av elva deltagare som testat olika tryck och hur dessa tryck förändras under rörelse. Detta för att hitta vilket tryck deltagarna uppfattade som användbart och tillräckligt bekvämt för att använda i vardagen. Denna undersökning visa stora skillnader på vilket tryck som uppfattas som bekvämt och hur mycket trycket förändras under rörelse. Samt att statisk position inte påverkar signalerna från hjärtat anmärkningsvärt vid de undersökta trycken.To relieve and ease a small part of the healthcare from work overload and help patients with allergies to glue used to attach the standard sensors, a sensor-equipped wearable garment could be used. The wearable garment could be used to monitor a patient´s values during the day and should be easy for the patient to use themselves at home and comfortable to use every day, or for a patient who is allergic to the glue usually used to attach the sensors. To make the sensors on the sensor-equipped garment work the sensors must sit with pressure against the body to get readable and useful measurement. The pressure from the sensors around the body can not be too tight if it gets too uncomfortable. Therefore it is important to find what pressure that is comfortable enough for the patient to use everyday but still get good enough readings from the measuring devise to be used to monitor the patient´s values. This study looks into what pressure that the participants perceive as comfortable to use on an everyday basis. In this study the pressure is measured on eleven different participants, the pressure was measured at different times and when the participants performed different movements too document the changes in the pressure at movement to find what pressure the participants perceive as comfortable enough for everyday use. This study shows that the pressure perceived as comfortable varies between participants and that the pressure change during movement. It also shows that static position do not affect the quality of the signals from the heart at the used pressures.
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Couto, Carlos Eduardo Barbosa de Morais. "Estudo da aptidão física, composição corporal e do perfil nutricional em praticantes de Surf-estudo em jovens adolescentes do sexo masculino dos 13 aos 16 anos." Master's thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UP-Universidade do Porto -- -Faculdade de Ciências do Desporto e de Educação Física, 2001. http://dited.bn.pt:80/29471.
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