Relevant bibliographies by topics / Anthropology of the Ancient World

Academic literature on the topic 'Anthropology of the Ancient World'

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Published: 7 July 2024
Last updated: 7 July 2024

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Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Journal articles on the topic "Anthropology of the Ancient World":

1

SMITH, TYLER JO. "The Ancient Greek World:The Ancient Greek World." Museum Anthropology 29, no. 1 (April 2006): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mua.2006.29.1.68.

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Banks, Marcus. "Ancient Mysteries and the Modern World." Anthropology Today 15, no. 5 (October 1999): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2678372.

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KING, STACIE M. "Food in the Ancient World." American Anthropologist 108, no. 4 (December 2006): 883–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.2006.108.4.883.

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Bevan, Andrew. "Globalizations and the Ancient World. Justin Jennings." Journal of Anthropological Research 67, no. 4 (December 2011): 612–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/jar.67.4.41303378.

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Llamas, Bastien, Xavier Roca Rada, and Evelyn Collen. "Ancient DNA helps trace the peopling of the world." Biochemist 42, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio04201018.

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Many of us are fascinated by narratives regarding the origin and evolution of our species. Who are we? How did we people the world? Answers to these simple questions remain elusive even though researchers have been quite successful in describing past human morphology and culture using evidence from anthropology, archaeology, history, sociology and linguistics. However, when they address human migrations, archaeologists are somewhat restricted to surviving artifactual evidence and limited to descriptions of culture expansions, which may have occurred by the movement of either ideas or people. The advent of genomics, by which one can sequence whole or part of an individual's DNA, provided a powerful means to dig into past human demographic history. Notably, the coalescent theory posits that individuals in a population share genetic variants that originated from a common ancestor. This powerful theory is the basis for a number of bioanalytical innovations that utilize genetic data to reconstruct human movements around the world.
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Miller, Jay, and Charles D. Trombold. "Ancient Road Networks and Settlement Hierarchies in the New World." Ethnohistory 40, no. 2 (1993): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/482210.

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Wojan, Katarzyna. "Wybrane wiadomości z etnobotaniki i etnofarmacji. karty z dziejow lecznictwa naturalnego." Studia Rossica Gedanensia, no. 4 (December 30, 2017): 435–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/srg.2017.4.26.

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Selected issues from ethnobotany and ethno-pharmacy. Pages from the history of natural medicineThe article presents a brief history of natural medicine based on substances derived from plants, practiced in the world from the earliest days up until the era of presentday chemistry-based pharmaceuticals. The unusual properties of phytotherapy applied from the ancient times in various cultural and civilizational communities have been shown. The author describes the means available to the ancients, as well as the experiments and discoveries made by scholars of later ages. Attention was paid to the observations important for the development of medicine, medical anthropology and ethnobotany.
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Lucero, Lisa J. "A Cosmology of Conservation in the Ancient Maya World." Journal of Anthropological Research 74, no. 3 (September 2018): 327–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/698698.

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Gaido, Daniel. "Karl Kautsky on capitalism in the ancient World." Journal of Peasant Studies 30, no. 2 (January 2003): 146–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03066150412331311179.

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Perdomo Marín, Juan Camilo. "The ancient mythology of modern science : a mythologist looks (seriously) at popular science writing, por Gregory Schrempp." Revista de Antropología y Sociología: Virajes 22, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.17151/rasv.2020.22.2.14.

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Anthropology has a complex relationship with science modern. On the one hand, this discipline registers its investigative work within a scientific bet that monitors and builds criteria of validity, rigor and generality to objectively understand the social reality. On the other hand, anthropology not only studies scientific the multiple possibilities of existence of human beings, but in turn critically assesses disputes, legacies, and limits by means of which modern science thinks, represents and interrogate the world.
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Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Anthropology of the Ancient World":

1

Davidson, Matthew J. "Interaction on the Frontier of the 16th-17th Century World Economy: Late Fort Ancient Hide Production and Exchange at the Hardin Site, Greenup County, Kentucky." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/anthro_etds/20.

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This study assesses the organization and intensity of hide processing from sequential occupations at the Late Fort Ancient (A.D. 1400-1680) Hardin Site located in the central Ohio Valley. Historical and archaeological sources were drawn on to develop expectations for production intensification: 1) an increase in production tool quantity, 2) an increase in production debris quantity, and 3) an increase in tool utilization intensity. Many Native groups situated on the periphery of early European colonies intensified hide production to meet demand generated by an emerging global trade in hides. As this economic activity intensified in the 16th and 17th centuries it incorporated and ever greater network of native communities. By documenting production intensification at the Hardin Site, this study evaluates the degree to which global markets incorporated regions beyond the colonial periphery before A.D. 1680. This study also examines the social dimensions of economic activity by asking who processed hides, who may have benefited from the products of this labor, and whether or not either of these were influenced by participation in the tumultuous interaction sphere of the eastern North American Contact Period.
2

Margolis, Julie Anna. "Tetracycline Labeled Bone Content Analysis of Ancient Nubian Remains from Kulubnarti." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429808453.

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Padgett, Brian David. "The Bioarchaeology of Violence During the Yayoi Period of Japan." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1586549883443371.

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Scaccuto, Alessandra. "La sexualité animale dans l'Antiquité grecque et romaine : science, morale et imagination." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024COAZ2007.

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Le but de cette étude est de reconstruire les représentations que les zoologies anciennes se faisaient des comportements sexuels des animaux. Pour ce faire, nous avons défini un corpus de textes grecs et latins, composé par les traités zoologiques d'Aristote (en particulier l'"Histoire des animaux" et la "Génération des animaux"), l'"Économie rurale" de Varron, le "De l'agriculture" de Columelle, l'"Histoire naturelle" de Pline l'Ancien, les traités consacrés aux animaux par Plutarque (surtout "L'intelligence des animaux" et "Gryllos"), la "Personnalité des animaux" d'Élien, les "Halieutiques" d'Oppien de Cilicie et les "Cynégétiques" d'Oppien d'Apamée. Dans l'Antiquité, la sexualité animale est souvent présentée comme l'expression d'une sexualité originaire à laquelle s'oppose celle des humains, ré-élaborée ou pervertie moralement et socialement. L'animal est invoqué comme un modèle de référence, une « pierre de touche » par l'homme lorsqu'il veut mesurer ses pratiques à un schéma simple et considéré comme intact. Toutefois, les comportements sexuels des animaux sont caractérisés par une diversité considérable, trop mal prise en compte par cette approche, mais bien attestée dans les textes zoologiques antiques. Dans notre étude, nous avons voulu dépasser la doxa simpliste et idéalisée d'une sexualité animale brute et naïve, en portant une attention spéciale aux pratiques particulières et spécifiques attestées, considérées pour elles-mêmes et non seulement comme un miroir de la sexualité humaine. En s'affranchissant de ces biais d'interprétation on peut remarquer que sont décrits chez les autres animaux des comportements très souvent considérés comme uniquement culturels et humains, tel que la sexualité à but récréatif. La première partie de la thèse porte sur la reproduction. Les différentes configurations anatomiques liées à la différenciation sexuelle et les différentes positions d'accouplement sont ici prises en compte. Cette première partie se termine par une section théorique consacrée à la question de l'usage idéologique de la sexualité des animaux dans l'Antiquité. Les passages privilégiés ici ne sont pas centrés spécifiquement sur les animaux, mais mentionnent toutefois leur sexualité comme source d'exempla pour la sexualité humaine. La deuxième partie se penche, au contraire, sur toutes les pratiques sexuelles généralement écartées ou niées par une vision idéologique de la sexualité des animaux. Plusieurs passages représentent les animaux comme des êtres désirants et qui peuvent rechercher le plaisir, dans une dynamique qui rappelle les manifestations du désir sexuel humain et qui s'exprime dans un vocabulaire commun. Les textes font état d'une palette de comportements, de la monogamie aux pratiques homosexuelles, sans exclure les relations interspécifiques, qui peuvent s'avérer fertiles. La troisième partie porte sur les pratiques sexuelles que les sources elles-mêmes présentent comme excessives, et au premier chef l'inceste. Certains actes sexuels sont associés à différentes formes de violence et le désir peut aussi pousser les individus à agir contre la reproduction elle-même : c'est le cas des animaux qui essaient de se libérer de leur progéniture pour s'accoupler à nouveau. Cette réflexion autour de la sexualité des animaux a été enrichie par une approche interdisciplinaire combinant la critique littéraire et la philologie avec des méthodologies et des approches empruntées à l'anthropologie, à l'éthologie, aux études sur la sexualité et à la réflexion philosophique sur la question de l'animalité
The aim of this study is to reconstruct the representations of animal sexual behaviour in the ancient zoologies. To this end, we have defined a corpus of Greek and Latin texts, consisting of Aristotle's zoological treatises (mainly "History of Animals" and "Generation of Animals"), Varro's "On Agriculture", Columella's "On Agriculture", Pliny the Elder's "Natural History", Plutarch's treatises on animals (mainly "On the Cleverness of Animals" and "Whether Beasts Are Rational"), Elian's "On the Characteristics of Animals", Oppian of Cilicia's "Halieutica" and Oppian of Apamea's "Cynegetica". In Antiquity, animal sexuality was often presented as the expression of an original sexuality opposed to that of humans, which was described as morally and socially constructed or even perverted. Animals are invoked as a reference model, a 'touchstone', to measure human behaviours against a homogenous pattern that is considered to be intact. However, the sexual behaviour of animals is characterised by a considerable diversity, which is too poorly taken into account by this approach. Nonetheless, this diversity is well attested in ancient zoological texts. In our study, we wanted to go beyond the simplistic and idealised doxa of a naïve animal sexuality, by paying special attention to the particular and specific practices attested by passages which describe animals sexual behaviours as such and not just as a mirror of human sexuality. If we avoid these biases of interpretation, we can see that our sources attribute behaviours that are very often considered to be purely cultural and human to other animals, such as sexuality for recreational purposes.The first part of the thesis deals with reproduction. The different anatomical configurations linked to sexual differentiation and the different mating positions are considered here. This first part concludes with a theoretical section devoted to the question of the ideological use of animal sexuality in Antiquity. The passages highlighted here do not focus specifically on animals, but mention their sexuality as a source of exempla for humans. The second part, on the other hand, looks at all the sexual practices generally dismissed or denied by an ideological view of animal sexuality. Several passages depict non-human animals as desiring beings who can seek pleasure, in a dynamic reminiscent of the manifestations of human sexual desire and expressed in a common vocabulary. The texts cover a range of behaviours, from monogamy to homosexual practices, without excluding interspecific relationships, which can prove fertile. The third part deals with behaviours that the sources themselves present as excessive, first and foremost incest. In addition, certain sexual acts are associated with various forms of violence. Desire can also drive individuals to act against reproduction itself: this is the case with animals that try to free themselves from their offspring in order to mate. This reflection on animal sexuality has been enriched by an interdisciplinary approach combining literary criticism and philology with methodologies and reflections borrowed from anthropology, ethology, sexuality studies and Animal Studies
5

Schwartzman, Lauren J. "Contest and community : wonder-working in Christian popular literature from the second to the fifth centuries CE." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a3de02f7-18a9-4363-8bbf-cea5a73eb223.

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In this thesis, I hope to demonstrate that what I call the magic contest tradition, that is the episodes of competitive wonder-working that appear in a wide variety of apocryphal and non-canonical Christian texts, made an important contribution to the development of Christian thought during the second to the fifth centuries CE. This contribution was to articulate ‘the way’ to be a Christian in a world which was not isolated from the secular, and not insulated from the reality of the Roman empire. First, I demonstrate that a tradition of texts which feature magic contests exists within the broader scope of non-canonical Christian literature (looking at this literature across communities, regions and time periods). Second, I identify what the major features of the traditions are, e.g. what form the narratives take, what the form for a magic contest is, and what the principles used to build the magic contests are, and how these principles feature in the texts. The principles I identify are power, authority, ritual, and conversion, as well as their use as historical exempla. Third, I discuss what the texts did in the context of the time period, and for the communities that produced and read them: in other words, how did the this tradition work? I show that they served multiple purposes: as tests of faith, religious truth and ways to proclaim such; as constructors and markers of group identity (and the perilous task of identifying the insiders and those who should be outsiders); as calls to unity within the overarching diversity of the times and places, and a unified front for the ‘battle’ against evil. I suggest that the texts present a model for how one could decide what the ‘true faith’ was and how one could practice it in the turbulent environment that early Christians faced both before and after Constantine.
6

Williams, Clemency J. "Eclipse theory in the ancient world /." View online version; access limited to Brown University users, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3179451.

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Dasen, Veronique. "Dwarfs in ancient Egypt and Greece." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294062.

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Cole, Nicholas. "The ancient world in Thomas Jefferson's America." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440649.

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Christodoulou, D. "The hetaira in the ancient Greek world." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597665.

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This thesis is a study of the image and idea of the hetaira in Greek antiquity. I argue that the hetaira was primarily a product of classical Athenian democratic ideology, especially in terms of the construction of the Athenian politeia as an exclusive and impenetrable body. Using a wide range of sources, I relate the discourse and imagery of the hetaira to the Athenian cultural context and forms of social organisation. The image of the hetaira, I argue, belongs to a specifically democratic ideological rhetoric, and, as such, may not have been a category of identity used by the women who were actually described as hetairai. Instead, the hetaira was a strategically mobilised symbol, which acted as rhetorical 'other' to the Athenian wife. Hetairai became a highly resonant figure in the Athenian social imaginary. When democracy was effectively ended, in the late fourth century, images of hetairai, and women in general, became far more ambiguous. Conversely, I also argue that our sources present a particularly skewed perception of Athenian society, being the products of a politically active elite minority. In this sense, another aim of the thesis has been explore approaches to the study of Athenian democratic society, speculating on the other sub-cultures and discourses which may have been possible. An additional aim has been to investigate some of the assumptions, both ancient and modern, which surround the hetaira. During the Second Sophistic, the image of the hetaira was reappropriated as a specifically Athenian paradigmatic figure in an archaising discourse. These later images of the hetaira often act as a filter through which modern scholars read the classical Athenian hetaira, further complicating modern perceptions of, and the approaches to the hetaira.
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Schmidt, Brent James. "Utopia and community in the ancient world." Connect to online resource, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3303880.

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Books on the topic "Anthropology of the Ancient World":

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A, Bacus Elisabeth, Lucero Lisa Joyce 1962-, Allen Jane, American Anthropological Association Meeting, and American Anthropological Association. Archeology Division., eds. Complex polities in the ancient tropical world. Arlington, Va: American Anthropological Association, 1999.

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Trzaskoma, Stephen, and R. Scott Smith. Writing myth: Mythography in the ancient world. Leuven: Peeters, 2013.

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Chazan, Michael. World prehistory and archaeology: Pathways through time. 2nd ed. Toronto: Pearson Canada, 2011.

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Chazan, Michael. World prehistory and archaeology: Pathways through time. Boston: Pearson, 2014.

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Chazan, Michael. World prehistory and archaeology: Pathways through time. Boston: Pearson Allyn and Bacon, 2008.

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Chazan, Michael. World prehistory and archaeology: Pathways through time. Toronto: Pearson A and B, 2008.

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Donald, White, Rodney S. Young Gallery, and University of Pennsylvania. Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology., eds. The ancient Greek world: The Rodney S. Young Gallery. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, 1995.

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M, Coles J., Bewley Robert, Mellars Paul, Prehistoric Society (London England), and British Academy, eds. World prehistory: Studies in memory of Grahame Clark. Oxford: Published for the British Academy by Oxford University Press, 1999.

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Rykwert, Joseph. The idea of a town: The anthropology of urban form in Rome, Italy and the ancient world. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1988.

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Jean, Johnson. The human drama: World history. Princeton: Wiener, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Anthropology of the Ancient World":

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Drusini, Andrea. "Anthropology and Bio-cultural Adaptation of the Ancient Nasca Inhabitants." In The Ancient Nasca World, 87–100. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47052-8_5.

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Hitch, Sarah. "Anthropology and Food Studies." In A Companion to Food in the Ancient World, 116–22. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118878255.ch11.

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Stoffle, Richard. "Living Stone Bridges: Epistemological Divides in Heritage Environmental Communication." In Palgrave Studies in Anthropology of Sustainability, 149–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78040-1_7.

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AbstractIndigenous people share ancient epistemological understandings of the world. These define for them what makes up the world, how forces influence these components, and why this all happens. These understandings are basic in that they frame human value orientations, call for individual and group action, and interpret natural and human events. Because epistemology involves ancient shared cultural understandings of the world, talking about the world involves cross-cultural communication, which is a special feature of anthropology. This chapter is an analysis of epistemological divides in cross-cultural communication about massive stone bridges. The divide is most clearly viewed when Native American cultural experts explain the meaning and purpose of stone bridges to Western science-trained National Park Service managers and geologists. To the former, the stone bridges are alive and were made at Creation as a place for World-balancing ceremonies and as portals to and from other dimensions. To the latter, stone bridges are inert remanent sandstone deposits that have been eroded into oxbows and undercut by small rivers over millions of years.
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Huettmann, Falk. "Papua New Guinea from a Modern Anthropology Perspective: PNG 1, Western World 0. Bob Marley and the Tribes Remain the Judges to Follow." In Globalization and Papua New Guinea: Ancient Wilderness, Paradise, Introduced Terror and Hell, 547–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20262-9_26.

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Caselitz, Peter. "Caries — Ancient Plague of Humankind." In Dental Anthropology, 203–26. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-7496-8_12.

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Rossen, Janice. "Anthropology." In The World of Barbara Pym, 103–28. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-18868-0_6.

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Joshi, Rao Bahadur P. B. "The Culture and Civilization of Ancient India." In Colonial Anthropology, 150–56. London: Routledge India, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003461128-18.

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Ingold, Tim. "One world anthropology." In Imagining for Real, 347–79. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003171713-29.

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Schnutenhaus, Sigmar, and Friedrich W. Rösing. "World Variation of Tooth Size." In Dental Anthropology, 521–35. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-7496-8_26.

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Eller, Jack David. "Economics in a globalized world." In Cultural Anthropology, 301–21. Fourth edition. | Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429197710-17.

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Conference papers on the topic "Anthropology of the Ancient World":

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Bekakos, Sotirios. "Feasts and Ancient Greek Dance: Live Texts and Key Symbols." In GLOCAL Conference on Mediterranean and European Linguistic Anthropology Linguistic Anthropology 2022. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/comela22.1-2.

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Feasts and ancient Greek dance are two key elements of the ancient world that can be studied in an anthropological perspective. These two elements are strictly connected in ancient Greek culture. In previous studies, I attempted to focus on the dialectal elements of the feast in Southern Italian romance and Greek dialects, to illustrate the persistence of the feast as linguistic and cultural elements that symbolize the memory of a community (Bekakos 2009, pp. 29–51). In this paper, feasts and ancient Greek dance are discussed as linguistic, social, and cultural phenomena, and as a case study, I chose the island of Salamina, near Piraeus, for its rich undiscovered ancient Greek cultural elements.
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Nguyen Thi, Dung. "The World Miraculous Characters in Vietnamese Fairy Tales Aspect of Languages – Ethnic in Scene South East Asia Region." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2019. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2019.13-1.

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Like other genres of folk literature, fairy tales of Vietnamese ethnicity with miraculous character systems become strongly influenced by Southeast Asia’s historical-cultural region. Apart from being influenced by farming, Buddhism, Confucianism, urbanism, Vietnamese fairy tales are deeply influenced by ethno-linguistic elements. Consequently, fairy tales do not preserve their root identities, but shift and emerge over time. The study investigates and classifies the miraculous tales of peoples of Vietnam with strange characters (fairies, gods, Buddha, devils) in linguistic and ethnographic groups, and in high-to-low ratios. Here the study expands on, evaluates, correlates, and differentiates global miraculous characters, and describes influences of creation of miraculous characters in these fairy tales. The author affirms the value of this character system within the fairy tales, and develops conceptions of global aesthetic views. To conduct the research, the author applies statistical methods, documentary surveys, type comparison methods, systematic approaches, synthetic analysis methods, and interdisciplinary methods (cultural studies, ethnography, psychoanalysis). The author conducted a reading of and referring to the miraculous fairy tales of the peoples of Vietnam with strange characters. 250 fairy tales were selected from 32 ethnic groups of Vietnam, which have the most types of miraculous characters, classifying these according to respective language groups, through an ethnography. The author compares sources to determine characteristics of each miraculous character, and employs system methods to understand the components of characters. The author analyzes and evaluates the results based on the results of the survey and classification. Within the framework of the article, the author focuses on the following two issues; some general features of the geographical conditions and history of Vietnam in the context of Southeast Asia’s ancient and medieval periods were observed; a survey was conducted of results of virtual characters in the fairy tales of Vietnam from the perspective of language, yet accomplished through an ethnography. The results of the study indicate a calculation and quantification of magical characters in the fairy tales of Vietnamese. This study contributes to the field of Linguistic Anthropology in that it presents the first work to address the system of virtual characters in the fairy tales of Vietnam in terms of language, while it surveys different types of material, origins formed, and so forth.
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Nguyen Thi Mai, Chanh. "Chinese Language and Literature Reform in The Beginning of The 20th Century." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2019. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2019.6-1.

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It is difficult not to mention language reform when referring to Chinese literature modernization between the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. Language played a critical role in facilitating the escape of Chinese literature from Chinese medieval literary works in order to integrate into world literature. The language reform not only laid a foundation for modern literature but also contributed considerably to the grand social transformation of China in the early days of the 20th century. Chinese new-born literature was a literature created by spoken language; in Chinese terms, it was considered as a literature focusing on “dialectal speech” instead of “classical Chinese” used in the past. In international terms, it can be named as living language literature which was used to replace classic literary language in ancient books – a kind of dead language. This article will analyze how language reform impacted Chinese modern literature at the beginning of the 20th century.
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Fielder, Grace. "Contested Boundaries and Language Variants in A Balkan Capital City." In GLOCAL Conference on Mediterranean and European Linguistic Anthropology Linguistic Anthropology 2022. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/comela22.5-2.

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This paper discusses the ways in which the vernacular language of the capital city of Sofia, Bulgaria, reflects a history of contested borders. A relatively small but ancient settlement, Sofia became the capital of the new principality when the San Stefano borders were redrawn and contracted by the Congress of Berlin in 1878. In response the capital was relocated in 1879 from Veliko Tarnovo in the eastern dialect area to Sofia in the western, a strategically semiotic move intended to re-center the Bulgarian capital with respect to the prior borders and to position the government for future expansion. The government administration relocated en masse to Sofia thereby establishing a new urban elite with a more prestigious eastern dialect that would eventually become the main basis of the standard language. Despite decades of education in the standard language, however, western variants have persisted in the capital to this day, in part fuelled by 20th century waves of migration from what is today Aegean and North Macedonia. With the post-1989 fall of communism and the end of state-controlled media, this western variant now appears in and often dominates public spaces much to the dismay of language codifiers and purist-minded members of the public. Three theoretical approaches are employed to account for this persistence of the western variant. Social network theory will be used to analyze the sociolinguistic dynamics of language variants in Sofia. Critical discourse analysis recognizes the mutually constitutive nature of social practice and language use and the role of power relations — particularly relevant once the western variant of Sofia lost its prestige to the newly arrived eastern variant. Finally, language variation is conceptualized as a social semiotic system in which variants are indexically mutable so that speakers make socio-semiotic moves by deploying variants in certain contexts with certain interlocutors.
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Yoskovich, Avraham. "Meshamdutho and Meshumad le-Teavon: Motivation of Evil Doers in Syriac-Aramaic and Hebrew Terminological-Conceptual Traditions." In GLOCAL Conference on Mediterranean and European Linguistic Anthropology Linguistic Anthropology 2022. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/comela22.1-7.

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Language can mirror relationships throughout and between communities, while it enables connections and separation simultaneously. Jewish and Christian communities had a close but complicated relationship in the late antique-early Islamic period in Babylon (the fertile crescent). That relationship included similar dialects of Aramaic: Jewish Babylonian Aramaic and Christian Syriac Aramaic. My study describes changes and developments in the status of an apostate (Heb. Meshumad) in the Jewish literature of late antiquity, by examining terminological variations. In this presentation, I wish to present the Syriac developments and to compare the two, in order to better conceptualize the mutual process in one terminological and conceptual case. One such case is the defining of the apostate, not only by his apparent wrong doing, but also by seeking his motivation to act. According to that model, if an evil act originated from his desire or lewdness, he should be judged in a more containing manner than if it had originated by rage or theological purpose. This was phrased in Hebrew by the words Meshumad le-Teavon ‘apostate out of desire.’ The second word le-Teavon (for (his) desire), is a predicate added to the basic ancient term Meshumad, ‘apostate.’ This model and new phrasing are connected mainly with Rava, who was a prominent sage who lived in 4th century CE in Mehoza, close to Ctesiphon, the capitol of the Persian Sassanian dynasty. The Syriac word Shmad is well attested, and more so since the early testimonies of Syriac literature, in different forms, connected to the semantic field of curse, ban, and excommunication. Only in sources from the 5-6th centuries CE do we find a new form of that root Meshamdotho, which suggests ‘lewdness,’ ‘to be wanton.’ The new form changes the focus of the root from describing the wrongdoing and its social implication to describing the manner of doing, maybe even to the motive for his or her behavior. My presentation will raise the question of the connection between those almost parallel changes. Are they related to one another? In what way? What is similar and what are the differences? Can we explain the reason for raising a new paradigm in communal defining the apostates and wrong doers? I will examine some sources, Jewish and Christian, that relate to those terms and ideas.
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Menon, Indu V., and Shebin M.S. "Shamanic Rituals and the Survival of Endangered Tribal Languages: An Anthropological Study in Gaddika." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2020. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2020.10-4.

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In many ancient communities, particularly tribal communities, there exists a system of dialogue and conversation with and between supernatural beings and the supernatural world they inhabit, as well as their transmigration into a human’s body. The supernatural world is considered to be the realm of the gods, or of the spirits of ancestors, or of satanic evil spirits. A Shaman is suggested to summon, and communicate with, tribal or cult gods, while controling spirits, ancestors, animals and birds with afforded powers. Shamanic rituals have patent linguistic significance. In communities with a strong shamanic tradition, the shamans generally use traditional language, without altering their unique features. The songs used in these rituals are also in traditional tribal dialect. This study focuses on Gaddika, the shamanic ritual of the Rawla tribe, a tribal community in Kerala, and about songs contributing to the ritual. The study examines to what extent the Rawla dialect has been retained in its ‘original’ form, and the tribal myths that are woven into ritual language. The Rawla language belongs to the Dravidian family, and has been passed on in oral form only. In the Gaddika ritual, the original language is widely used and is central to the survival of the language. This study was conducted among the Rawla community, through observations during several Gaddika rituals, thus documenting the songs and ritual dialogues. As such, the study documented the language in its orginal form and structure, along with prominent myths passed on through generations. The study analyses this shamanic ritual and its verbal patterns. The study concludes with that shamanic discourses and magico-religious rituals have a vital role in the continuity and in the survival of the historical dialect,
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Marushiakova, Elena, and Vesselin Popov. "Images and Symbols of the Gypsies (Roma) in the Early USSR." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2022. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2022.6-2.

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The October Revolution and the subsequent creation of the USSR, located on a vast area in Eurasia, was a spectacular historical attempt to create a ‘new society,’ characterised by radical changes in all social and cultural spheres, as well as the creation of new, Soviet symbolisms. This general historical context reflected on all spheres of life, including the state policy towards the Gypsies (labelled today as Roma), which was particularly active in the 1920s and 1930s. The name ‘Gypsies,’ which was used at that time, is more appropriate in our case, because in this general category, in addition to Roma (living scattered throughout the USSR), several other communities either did not identify as Roma or were not Roma by origin (Dom and Lom in the South Caucasus region, and the Lyuli or Jugi in Central Asia), but all shared Indian origin. Soviet policy towards the Gypsies had various dimensions, including codification of the Romani language, creation of Gypsy national literature and of a Gypsy national theater, Gypsy schools, Gypsy collective farms, and artisan’s artels. Along with this, new public images and symbolisms related to the Gypsies were created, and were presented in various forms in the USSR itself and broadcast to the West for propaganda. The new Soviet Gypsy symbolisms, were, using Stalin’s popular formulation of Soviet literature as an analogy, ‘national in form and socialist in content.’ Based on this formulation, the two main directions in which these images and symbols were developed and popularised were determined – firstly, based on the ancient social and cultural traditions of the Gypsies, and, secondly, in the presentation of the new, socialist dimensions which were occurring in their lives. In the synopsis, we will analyse examples of public images and symbols, distributed through various channels – photographs in the press (Gypsy and mainstream), the layout and illustrations of books, posters, stage plays, movies, etc. – covering both indicated directions. At the same time, we reveal how this new symbolism affected the Gypsy community and Soviet society as a whole, as well as a wider dimension, outside the USSR, including that of the present-day. Part of this symbolism (of the first type) is presently used, in a modified form, in digital spaces, mostly by various Roma organisations worldwide creating a new virtual world of Pan-Roma unity.
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Шакиров, Т. Г., and В. А. Новоженов. "COMMUNICATIONS AND ART OF THE EARLY BRONZE AGE IN THE KAZAKH STEPPE." In Труды Сибирской Ассоциации исследователей первобытного искусства. Crossref, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2019.978-5-202-01433-8.257-273.

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Статья посвящена исследованию роли изобразительных традиций в системе древнейших коммуникаций кочевого населения степной Евразии в эпоху ранней и средней бронзы в условиях формирования трансконтинентальной глобальной мир-системы. Выделены ключевые инновации, включая колесничные, их территориальное распространение и исторические последствия этого процесса. Подробно рассмотрены изобразительные памятники выделенной ямно-афанасьевской изобразительной традиции на примере вновь найденных полихромных росписей в гроте Тесиктас, расположенном в Карагандинской области Казахстана, в районе пос. Аксу Аюлы. В свете новейших данных популяционной генетики и антропологии обосновывается миграция отдельных групп животноводов из западных пределов евразийских степей на восток и рассматриваются последствия этого явления в коммуникационной и изобразительной деятельности местных социумов. The article is devoted to the study of the role of pictorial traditions in the system of ancient communications of the nomadic population of the steppe Eurasia in the Early and Middle Bronze Age under the conditions of the formation of a trans-continental global World system. Key innovations, including vehicles, their territorial distribution and the historical consequences of this process are highlighted. The art of the Yamnaya-Afanasyevo (Pits Graves-Afanasievo) pictorial tradition is considered in detail on the example of newly found polychrome paintings in the Tesiktas Grotto located in the Karaganda region of Kazakhstan, near the village of Aksu Ayuly. In the light of the latest data of population genetics and anthropology, migration of separate groups of livestock breeders from the western limits of the Eurasian steppes to the east is justified and the consequences of this phenomenon in the communication and pictorial activities of local societies are considered
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Argiolas, Valeria. "Iliad's Achilles: A Libyco-Berber Patronymic?" In GLOCAL Conference on Mediterranean and European Linguistic Anthropology Linguistic Anthropology 2022. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/comela22.1-3.

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A textual analysis involving the etymology of the name of the Iliad’s hero Achilles is proposed in this article as part of my research on the influence of an ancient state of Berber on the Homeric language. I apply the comparative method and the structuralist approach in linguistics at the intersection of ethno-anthropology and philology.
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Omar, Asmah Haji. "Symbolisation in Ancient Tales: A Special Reference to the Malay Text Hikayat Merong Mahawangsa." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2022. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2022.1-1.

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Symbolisation can be interpreted as expressing what is real, not in terms of the actual object, but that which is represented in other forms. A narrative or a story that is in the mind of the writer or the storyteller still remains in the form of ideas or concepts. It becomes a message when it is expressed in an organised form in the language medium that we call ‘text.’ It is the text that forms the symbol to the story. In Ferdinand de Saussure’s theory of the sign, the story is the signifié or the signified, and the text is the signifiant or the signifier. Language is an abstract and conventional symbol in the life of human beings. At the same time, there are non-language forms of symbols that have been identified as icons and indices, in particular by Charles Saunders Peirce with his theory of semiotics. This paper and talk present an interpretation of an ancient text, a composite of narratives of the founding of Kedah (which today is a sultanate in the north-western part of the Malay Peninsula) circa 3000 B.C.E., until the arrival of Islam circa 10th century C. E. Originally an oral tradition, the text was given a written form in the mid-18th century, using the Jawi (Malayised Arabic) script of the time. It was only in 1970 that the Jawi manuscript was transliterated using the Roman alphabet. Interpretation of the text goes through various layers of symbols, beginning with symbols in their Jawi script, and as identifying words in their various forms. Making sense of linguistic elements entails taking into account their usage within the text itself as well as information from historical texts (in co-texts) and findings of research by relevant disciplines, specifically archaeology, geology and geography. By employing the theories and approaches mentioned above, some of the major factors in Kedah history discovered in the text are: (1) Evolution of the geomorphology of Kedah since 5000 years ago (which has been verified by scholars in the field); (2) identification of ethnic groups living in Kedah in those ancient times and the assimilation of at least one of these with the Malays; (3) evolution of Kedah from a simple civilisation to an urbanized one, by using technology available to the people when building the kota (urban centre) and man-made rivers that are still seen in Kedah today; (4) events that led to the spread of the Kedah dialect to North Perak and to Southern Thailand; and (5) the fact that the sending of gold and silver flowers as a tribute from the King/Sultan of Kedah to the King of Siam from time immemorial until 1905 began as a tradition of sending gifts from the younger brother who was king in Kedah to his elder brother in Southern Thailand every two years.

Reports on the topic "Anthropology of the Ancient World":

1

Tyson, Paul. Sovereignty and Biosecurity: Can we prevent ius from disappearing into dominium? Mέta | Centre for Postcapitalist Civilisation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55405/mwp3en.

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Drawing on Milbank and Agamben, a politico-juridical anthropology matrix can be drawn describing the relations between ius and bios (justice and political life) on the one hand and dominium and zoe (private power and ‘bare life’) on the other hand. Mapping movements in the basic configurations of this matrix over the long sweep of Western cultural history enable us to see where we are currently situated in relation to the nexus between politico-juridical authority (sovereignty) and the emergency use of executive State powers in the context of biosecurity. The argument presented is that pre-19th century understandings of ius and bios presupposed transcendent categories of Justice and the Common Good that were not naturalistically defined. The very recent idea of a purely naturalistic naturalism has made distinctions between bios and zoe un-locatable and civic ius is now disappearing into a strangely ‘private’ total power (dominium) over the bodies of citizens, as exercised by the State. The very meaning of politico-juridical authority and the sovereignty of the State is undergoing radical change when viewed from a long perspective. This paper suggests that the ancient distinction between power and authority is becoming meaningless, and that this loss erodes the ideas of justice and political life in the Western tradition. Early modern capitalism still retained at least the theory of a Providential moral order, but since the late 19th century, morality has become fully naturalized and secularized, such that what moral categories Classical economics had have been radically instrumentalized since. In the postcapitalist neoliberal world order, no high horizon of just power –no spiritual conception of sovereignty– remains. The paper argues that the reduction of authority to power, which flows from the absence of any traditional conception of sovereignty, is happening with particular ease in Australia, and that in Australia it is only the Indigenous attempt to have their prior sovereignty –as a spiritual reality– recognized that is pushing back against the collapse of political authority into mere executive power.
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K V, Sharath. Urban Environments. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/ui06.2023.

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Such concerns reflect the growing real-world limitations of traditional concepts of a simple rural-urban dichotomy. Moreover, recent archaeological research suggests that these phenomena may have ancient antecedents.
3

Biek, Robert F., Peter D. Rowley, and David B. Hacker. Utah’s Ancient Mega-Landslides: Geology, Discovery, and Guide to Earth’s Largest Terrestrial Landslides. Utah Geological Survey, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/c-132.

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Southwest Utah contains what may be the largest landslide complex on land in the world. This complex includes three ancient side-by-side gigantic slides that cover an area roughly the size of Yellowstone National Park with a volume of slide debris that would nearly fill the Grand Canyon to its rim. Geologists call it the Marysvale gravity slide complex— “Marysvale” for the namesake volcanic field that partly failed catastrophically three separate times, and “gravity slide” to call attention to a special class of extremely large and geologically complex landslides several tens to thousands of square miles in extent. Here we refer to them simply as mega-landslides or slides—they are larger and far more interesting than geologists could ever have imagined.
4

Li, Shujuan, Qiaoqiao Zhu, Juan Wu, and Yuping Sa. Clinical Evidence for Acupuncture Related to the Improvement of Female Stress Urinary Incontinence:A systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0135.

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Review question / Objective: The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate the effect of acupuncture on SUI and the quality of life-based on the latest literature. Condition being studied: At least 25% of adult females in the world have urinary incontinence in some measure, of which more than half are stress urinary incontinence (SUI). SUI seriously affects the mental health of patients, but also leads to perineal rash, urinary tract infection, and other harms. The American Urological Association recommends pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) as a conservative treatment for patients with mild to moderate SUI, but the cost of treatment is the main obstacle to its wide use of it. Acupuncture is one of the traditional therapies in ancient China, which is simple and cheap. Some systematic reviews and meta-analyses provide evidence for acupuncture in the treatment of SUI. Due to the quality of the study, these research results are not very reliable.
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Batliwala, Srilatha. Transformative Feminist Leadership: What It Is and Why It Matters. United Nations University International Institute of Global Health, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37941/rr/2022/2.

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The words of ancient Chinese philosopher Lao Tsu make the simplest, yet most profound, case for transformation – a change of direction, a fundamental shift in the nature or character of something, recasting the existing order and ways of doing things. This is what the world needs now, as institutions and systems of the past century prove unable to address the challenges of impending planetary disaster, persistent poverty, pandemics, rising fundamentalism and authoritarianism, wars, and everyday violence. Against a background of a worldwide backlash against women’s rights, gender parity in leadership positions – in legislatures, corporations, or civil society – has proved inadequate, as women in these roles often reproduce dominant patriarchal leadership models or propagate ideologies and policies that do not actually advance equality or universal human rights. What is required is truly transformative, visionary leadership, whereby new paradigms, relationships and structures are constructed on the basis of peace, planetary health, and social and economic justice.
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Hills, Thomas, Gus O'Donnell, Andrew Oswald, Eugenio Proto, and Daniel Sgroi. Understanding Happiness: A CAGE Policy Report. Edited by Karen Brandon. The Social Market Foundation, January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/978-1-910683-21-7.

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Everyone wants to be happy. Over the ages, tracts of the ancient moral philosophers – Plato, Aristotle, Confucius – have probed the question of happiness. The stirring words in the preamble to the Declaration of Independence that established ‘Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness’ as ‘unalienable Rights’ served as the inspiration that launched a nation, the United States of America. Yet, more than 240 years later, the relationship between government’s objectives and human happiness is not straightforward, even over the matters of whether it can and should be a government aim. We approach this question not as philosophers, but as social scientists seeking to understand happiness through data. Our work in these pages is intended to enhance understanding of how the well-being of individuals and societies is affected by myriad forces, among them: income, inflation, governance, genes, inflation, inequality, bereavement, biology, aspirations, unemployment, recession, economic growth, life expectancies, infant mortality, war and conflict, family and social networks, and mental and physical health and health care. Our report suggests the ways in which this information might be brought to bear to rethink traditional aims and definitions of socioeconomic progress, and to create a better – and, yes, happier – world. We explain what the data say to us: our times demand new approaches. Foreword by Richard Easterlin; Introduced by Diane Coyle.
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Orhan, Nilüfer, Burak Temiz, Hale Gamze Ağalar, and Gökalp İşcan. Boswellia serrata Oleogum Resins and Extracts Laboratory Guidance Document. ABC-AHP-NCNPR Botanical Adulterants Prevention Program, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.59520/bapp.lgd/mqgn3574.

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Boswellia resins are described in numerous ancient texts and have been an important trade material for the civilizations located in the Arabian Peninsula and North Africa since at least the third millennium BCE. Frankincense (olibanum) is an exudate that seeps from injured bark of Boswellia species (Burseraceae). The oleogum resin obtained from Boswellia serrata is called Indian frankincense and is used in the Ayurvedic, Siddha, and Unani systems of traditional medicine. Additionally, its extracts and essential oils are used in soaps, cosmetics, foods, beverages, and incense products. This Laboratory Guidance Document aims to review the analytical methods used to authenticate natural oleogum resin from B. serrata and differentiate it from other Boswellia species, as well as other potential adulterants. This document can be used in conjunction with the B. serrata Botanical Adulterants Prevention Bulletin published by the ABC-AHP-NCNPR Botanical Adulterants Prevention Program in 2018.1 From a historical perspective, a number of oleogum resins from Boswellia species have been used interchangeably for medicinal purposes around the world, and older “olibanum” pharmacopeial monographs consider more than one species as officially acceptable. Such interchangeable use is still observed today as several Boswellia species are offered as frankincense.2,3 However, Western botanical dietary supplements and the herbal medicine markets are dominated by products labeled to contain B. serrata, irrespective of whether a formal identification of the ingredient has been performed or not. Therefore, this laboratory guidance document has been written to help laboratory analysts to find appropriate analytical methods that allow the unambiguous identification of B. serrata oleogum resin and its extracts.
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Honduras: Ancient and Modern Trails. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006409.

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The exhibition displayed 50 pieces, comprising three types of work: (1) prehispanic-Mayan reliefs from Copán, (2) Lenca ceramics, and (3) paintings by three artists and various other objects. The works were chosen from a number of public and private collections in Honduras, including the Honduran Institute of Anthropology and History (IHAH), PROPAITH, Galería Portales, the President of the Republic of Honduras, His Excellency Carlos Roberto Flores Facusse, Atlántida Bank, Honduran Central Bank, and ACTA. Dr. Olga Joya, General Director of the IHAH acted as Curator for the prehispanic Maya-Copán section.
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Crossing Panama: A History of the Isthmus as Seen through Its Art. Inter-American Development Bank, December 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006403.

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Sixty-two paintings, sculptures, majolica and graphics from the pre-Columbian era through World War II; from Panama's Reina Torres de Arauz Museum of Anthropology, the Museum of Panamanian History, the Museum of Religious Art, the Art Museum of the Americas, as well as several private collections.
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ASSAf Distinguished Visiting Scholar (DVS) Programme 2023/24. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2024/102.

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The Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf) hosted Prof Loretta Baldassar as the 2023/24 ASSAf Distinguished Visiting Scholar (DVS). The DVS Programme took place on 12 - 27 March 2024. Prof Baldassar delivered a series of lectures under the theme “Transnational Family Care: from social death to digital kinning over a century of Australian migration” at various institutions across five Provinces: the universities of the Witwatersrand (Wits), Limpopo (UL), Free State (UFS), Rhodes, Stellenbosch and University of Cape Town (UCT). She also engaged with emerging academics at these institutions as part of her research capacity development work, drawing on the tools and insights of social network analysis (SNA). Prof Baldassar is Professor of Anthropology and Sociology, Vice Chancellor’s Professorial Research Fellow, and Director of the Social Ageing (SAGE) Futures Lab at Edith Cowan University (ECU). The Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf) annually invites one or more distinguished scholars from abroad to present lectures at various higher education institutions around the country. The scholars are internationally prominent academics who are inspirational speakers and usually with an ability to bridge the divides between disciplines. The purpose of the Distinguished Visiting Scholars’ Programme is to fulfil one of the Academy’s strategic goals, viz. the promotion of innovation and scholarly activity. Through interaction with distinguished individual scholars from around the world, ASSAf aims to enrich and stimulate research endeavours at South African higher education and research institutions. Scholars from the humanities disciplines are invited in alternate years.

To the bibliography