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1
Hans, James S. The mysteries of attention. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1993.
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2
Methodological issues in religious studies: With special attention to Lauri Honko's theoretical contribution. Lewiston, N.Y: The Edwin Mellen Press, 2012.
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Tyumaseva, Zoya. The basics of anthropology. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1077542.
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The textbook covers the relevant issues of our times: the essence of life, theories and hypotheses of the origin of life and man. For millennia, people interested in the question: where did we come from? The guide presents the views, ideas, hypotheses of philosophers, anthropologists, biologists and other specialists on the specifics of human evolution. Special attention is paid to the ontogenetic relationship of language, thought and consciousness, as well as phylogenetic stages of language development.
Addressed to teachers, students of Humanities universities, focused on independent work and advanced study courses "Social anthropology", "Anthropology and life safety", as well as teachers of biology and ecology.
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Oh, Jung-Sun. A Korean theology of human nature: With special attention to the works of Robert Cummings Neville and Tu Wei-Ming. Lanham, Md: University Press of America, 2005.
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Cobern, William W. Everyday thoughts about nature: A worldview investigation of important concepts students use to make sense of nature with specific attention of science. Dordrecht [Netherlands]: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000.
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Everyday thoughts about nature: A worldview investigation of important concepts students use to make sense of nature with specific attention of science. Dordrecht [Netherlands]: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000.
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Cobern, William W. Everyday thoughts about nature: A worldview investigation of important concepts students use to make sense of nature with specific attention of science. Dordrecht [Netherlands]: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000.
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8
Ernwein, Marion, Franklin Ginn, and James Palmer, eds. The Work That Plants Do. Bielefeld, Germany: transcript Verlag, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14361/9783839455340.
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Whether driven by developments in plant science, bio-philosophy, or broader societal dynamics, plants have to respond to a litany of environmental, social, and economic challenges. This collection explores the `work' that plants do in contemporary capitalism, examining how vegetal life is enrolled in processes of value creation, social reproduction, and capital accumulation. Bringing together insights from geography, anthropology, and the environmental humanities, the contributors contend that attention to the diverse capacities and agencies of plants can both enrich understandings of capitalist economies, and also catalyze new forms of resistance to their logics.
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Karpikov, Aleksey, and Sergey Kondrat'ev. Psychology of learning and education: the Christian humanitarian paradigm. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/25286.
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The monograph deals with the issues of spiritual, moral and intellectual development of the individual in terms of training and education from a position of humanitarian Christian psychological paradigm. Defined methodological basis of Christian psychology education, and its subject, tasks and basic categories; from the position of metaphysical and empirical levels of explanation of the theory of identity as a core category of psychology of education, proposed the concept of intelligence as a core category of psychology training.
From the standpoint of Christian psychology education reveals the General psychological and social-psychological basis for learning the major strategies of developmental education, the concept of personality-developing education. Special attention is paid to family education in the context of Christian anthropology and psychology.
Of interest to seminarians, students of Orthodox schools, the students of the Higher theological courses, faculty training and retraining.
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Hafsaas, Henriette, ed. Dotawo: A Journal of Nubian Studies 8. Earth, Milky Way: punctum books, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53288/0515.1.00.
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Dotawo: A Journal of Nubian Studies offers a platform in which the old meets the new, in which archaeological, papyrological, and philological research into Meroitic, Old Nubian, Coptic, Greek, and Arabic sources confront current investigations in modern anthropology and ethnography, Nilo-Saharan linguistics, and the critical and theoretical approaches of postcolonial and African studies. Dotawo gives a common home to the past, present, and future of one of the richest areas of research in African studies. It offers a crossroads where papyrus can meet the internet, scribes meet critical thinkers, and the promises of growing nations meet the accomplishments of older kingdoms. The eighth issue of Dotawo aims to offer new insights into violent conflicts and wars in Sudan through time and across the region. Special attention is devoted to research on Nubia. The authors use archaeological, historical, philological, and artistic sources to investigate war in the Sudan from the 4th millennium BCE until the present day.
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Benkato, Adam, Leila Tayeb, and Amina Zarrugh, eds. Lamma. Earth, Milky Way: punctum books, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53288/0504.1.00.
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Lamma aims to provide a forum for critically understanding the complex ideas, values, social configurations, histories, and material realities in Libya. Recognizing, and insisting on, the urgent need for such a forum, we give attention to as wide a range of disciplines, sources, and approaches as possible, foregrounding especially those which have previously received less scholarly attention. This includes, but is not limited to: anthropology, art, gender, history, linguistics, literature, music, performance studies, politics, religion, and urban studies, in addition to their intersections, their subfields, the places in between, and critical, theoretical, and postcolonial approaches thereto. Lamma is a space where these fields interact and draw from one another, and where scholars and students from inside and outside of Libya gather to redefine and reshape “Libyan Studies”. We believe that access to research is not the privilege of a few but the right of all and that knowledge production should be inclusive. For these reasons the journal takes its name from the Arabic word lamma “a gathering.” The contributions in this second issue help to open up space for interrelated discussions on a variety of topics, almost all largely neglected in the contemporary scholarly study of Libya. The focal point of this issue is the reflective contributions by members of a roundtable discussion “Methods and Sources for a New Generation of Libyan Studies” which took place at the 2020 MESA conference. We also mark the publication of a watershed book on genocide in colonial Libya with a trio of responses. As ever, we believe in the generative power in dialoguing and mixing works of art, literature, and scholarship as we seek to shape and re-shape new discussions on, about, from, and in Libya.
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Kilian, Cassis. Attention in Performance: Acting Lessons in Sensory Anthropology. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.
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Kilian, Cassis. Attention in Performance: Acting Lessons in Sensory Anthropology. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.
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Kilian, Cassis. Attention in Performance: Acting Lessons in Sensory Anthropology. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.
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Kilian, Cassis. Attention in Performance: Acting Lessons in Sensory Anthropology. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.
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Kilian, Cassis. Attention in Performance: Acting Lessons in Sensory Anthropology. Taylor & Francis Group, 2022.
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Ingold, Tim. Imagining for Real: Essays on Creation, Attention and Correspondence. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.
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Imagining for Real: Essays on Creation, Attention and Correspondence. Routledge, 2021.
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Ingold, Tim. Imagining for Real: Essays on Creation, Attention and Correspondence. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.
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Ingold, Tim. Imagining for Real: Essays on Creation, Attention and Correspondence. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.
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21
Nijman, Janne E. Grotius’ Imago Dei Anthropology. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805878.003.0005.
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In the standard account Hugo Grotius secularized international law by grounding it on human nature. This chapter argues we should not stop at the standard account, but rather should dig deeper and examine the theological anthropology grounding Grotius’ ideas on the law of nature and nations. With some attention for the influence of both (neo-)scepticism and (neo)stoicism in analyses of Grotius’ understanding of human nature and natural law, this chapter examines Grotius’ ideas through the lens of the Christian theological notion of imago Dei—the idea that human beings are different from other animals in that they are created in ‘the image and likeness of God’. The chapter relates the concept of the imago Dei briefly to the early seventeenth-century theological and political debates in the Dutch Republic and discusses the Arminian interpretation of the imago Dei along the lines of three dimensions generally set apart: ontological, teleological, and functional.
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Nakissa, Aria. The Anthropology of Islamic Law. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190932886.001.0001.
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This book shows how hermeneutic theory and practice theory can be brought together to analyze cultural, legal, and religious traditions. These ideas are developed through an analysis of the Islamic legal tradition, which examines both Islamic legal doctrine and religious education. In terms of disciplinary orientation, the book combines anthropology and Islamicist history, utilizing both ethnography and in-depth analysis of Arabic religious texts. The book focuses on higher religious learning in contemporary Egypt, examining its intellectual, ethical, and pedagogical dimensions. Data is drawn from over two years of fieldwork inside al-Azhar University, Cairo University’s Dār al-ʿUlūm, and the network of traditional study circles associated with the al-Azhar mosque. Together these sites constitute the most important venue for the transmission of religious learning in the contemporary Muslim world. Although the book gives special attention to contemporary Egypt, it provides a broader analysis relevant to Islamic legal doctrine and religious education throughout history.
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Oh, Jung Sun. A Korean Theology of Human Nature: With Special Attention to the Works of Robert Cummings Neville and Tu Wei-ming. University Press of America, 2005.
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Oh, Jung Sun. A Korean Theology of Human Nature: With Special Attention to the Works of Robert Cummings Neville and Tu Wei-ming. University Press of America, 2005.
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25
Sunder Rajan, Kaushik. Multisituated. Duke University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478022206.
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In Multisituated Kaushik Sunder Rajan evaluates the promises and potentials of multisited ethnography with regard to contemporary debates around decolonizing anthropology and the university. He observes that at the current moment, anthropology is increasingly peopled by diasporic students and researchers, all of whom are accountable to multiple communities beyond the discipline. In this light, Sunder Rajan draws on his pedagogical experience and dialogues to reconceptualize ethnography as a multisituated practice of knowledge production, ethical interlocution, and political intervention. Such a multisituated ethnography responds to contemporary anthropology’s myriad commitments as it privileges attention to questions of scale, comparison, and the politics of ethnographic encounters. Foregrounding the conditions of possibility and difficulty for those doing and teaching ethnography in the twenty-first-century, Sunder Rajan gestures toward an ethos and praxis of ethnography that would open new forms of engagement and research.
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Aulino, Felicity. Rituals of Care. Cornell University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501739729.001.0001.
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End-of-life issues are increasingly central to discussions within medical anthropology, the anthropology of political action, and the study of Buddhist philosophy and practice. This book speaks directly to these important anthropological and existential conversations. Against the backdrop of global population aging and increased attention to care for the elderly, both personal and professional, the book challenges common presumptions about the universal nature of “caring.” The book shows an inseparable link between forms of social organization and forms of care. Unlike most accounts of the quotidian concerns of providing care in a rapidly aging society, the book brings attention to corporeal processes. Moving from vivid descriptions of the embodied routines at the heart of home caregiving to depictions of care practices in more general ways—care for one's group, care of the polity—it develops the argument that religious, social, and political structures are embodied, through habituated action, in practices of providing for others. Under the watchful treatment of the author, care becomes a powerful foil for understanding recent political turmoil and structural change in Thailand, proving embodied practice to be a vital vantage point for phenomenological and political analyses alike.
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Matoesian, Gregory. Language and Law. Edited by Robert Bayley, Richard Cameron, and Ceil Lucas. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199744084.013.0034.
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This chapter focuses on the complex yet elusive relationship between language, law, and sociocultural context. It discusses the sociocultural dimensions of language and law, paying particular attention to the role of power in legal discourse. The first section discusses the major contributing approaches to the sociocultural analysis of language and law: conversation analysis, linguistic anthropology, and, to a lesser extent, Critical Discourse Analysis. The second section covers substantive studies from what has been referred to as the language and power school of legal anthropology: Law school socialization, police–citizen interaction, courtrooms, bilingual encounters, and cross-cultural misunderstandings in legal interviews and translation. The last section suggests a new direction for the study of language and law, one that may provide a deeper understanding of language, law, and sociocultural context.
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Heßler, Martina, and Kevin Liggieri, eds. Technikanthropologie. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845287959.
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This handbook provides an overview of approaches to, and methods and topics on a historical anthropology of technology. This includes basic concepts, the variety of human technical concepts, technicised practices and the technicisation of senses and skills. Furthermore, it presents important representatives of an anthropology of technology since the early modern period. With its interdisciplinary approach, this volume historically and systematically approaches various problems relating to humans and machines that are currently being debated. At the centre of attention is the quintessential anthropological question of what a ‘human being’ is with respect to technology. However, this consideration does not derive from the concept of a unique, unchanging essence of man, but examines the historical changes of man through and with technology. Particularly in light of new technologies such as digitisation and artificial intelligence research, the relationship between humans and machines is once again on the agenda, in which humans and humanity seem to be the subject of discussion.
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Calame, Claude. What Is Religion? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190911966.003.0014.
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This chapter examines two major trends in the contemporary study of religion—cognitive science and cultural anthropology. While the former seeks a universal, naturalist, evolutionary explanation for religion, the latter emphasizes cultural relativism, variability, and local context. After interrogating the weakness of both, the chapter suggests that Bruce Lincoln’s more critical, reflexive, and ideologically sensitive approach offers one of the best ways to move forward in the study of religion today. While recognizing the limitations and provisional nature of any definition of religion, Lincoln’s approach offers for a broad comparative method while also paying close attention to history, politics, and social change.
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Beiser, Frederick C. System of Ethics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198828167.003.0014.
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This chapter is an examination of Cohen’s major work on ethics, Ethik des reinen Willens. It tries to explain its subtle and unstated relation to Cohen’s Judaism: Cohen saw his ethics as laying the groundwork for Judaism, although it was not explicitly apologetic. Cohen attempts to justify two central concepts of Judaism: God and messianism. In addition to these interests, Cohen develops a theory of the will which attempts to be a synthesis of voluntarism and rationalism: the will exists independent of reason as primitive feeling; but it reaches its highest development in reason. Cohen devotes much attention to the relations between ethics and religion, anthropology and law. He thinks that ethics is best grounded on law, which proved to be a controversial doctrine.
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Hisama, Ellie M. Improvisation in Freestyle Rap. Edited by Benjamin Piekut and George E. Lewis. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199892921.013.24.
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This chapter explores the process of improvisation by emcees in freestyle, or improvised, rap. Drawing on interviews with and writings by freestyle practitioners as well as on recent scholarship in linguistic anthropology, social psychology, and sociology, it argues that freestyle is an everyday activity and a fundamentally social act. The chapter examines a recent study that uses functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure cognitive activity of improvising emcees, and it suggests that the study’s physical constraints on the emcees, its focus on emcees in isolation rather than on those improvising in a cipher (a group of people who take turns improvising rhymes), and its lack of attention to the effects of gender, race, ethnicity, and other identifications on freestyle performance limit the force of its conclusions.
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Prophet, Erin. Charisma and Authority in New Religious Movements. Edited by James R. Lewis and Inga Tøllefsen. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190466176.013.3.
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Using examples from new religious movements ranging from the Children of God to Sahaja Yoga, the chapter takes a multi-disciplinary approach, reviewing insights from sociology, psychology, anthropology, and management theory. It focuses on charisma as the authority to lead and transform religious traditions, reviewing not only identified qualities of leaders, but also the role of followers in creating and maintaining a collective myth, as well as the importance of the situation and culture in which the relationship develops. Key concepts include legitimation strategies, charismatization, and the role of the “charismatic aristocracy.” Attention is paid to factors contributing to instability and violence, particularly related to the institutionalization of charisma known as routinization, as well as optimal conditions for “benevolent” and “diffuse” charisma.
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Tenhunen, Sirpa. Conclusions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190630270.003.0008.
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Chapter 8 summarizes the key findings and the theoretical framework of the book. The use of mobile telephony has influenced social life, economy, and politics in the village as a part of many ongoing changes: the decline of agriculture, increased contact between the rural and urban worlds, new aspirations, and changes in caste and gender relationships. The chapter summarizes the theoretical contribution of the book: the role of mobile telephony for social change can be best understood by relating mobile phone–mediated conversations with other speech contexts. Furthermore, this chapter assesses the role of mobile telephony in development by engaging with the anthropology of development. Detailed attention to information and communication technologies’ multiple uses and influences can help create development interventions and policies that account for the multiplicity of actors and ongoing social processes.
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El Cheikh, Nadia Maria. The Abbasid and Byzantine Courts. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199236428.003.0026.
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This chapter discusses how research into court culture is an essential part of the growth in historical anthropology. The main historiographical developments have focused first, on the ritual and symbolic aspects of rulership; and second, on the personal and domestic world. Any historical investigation of the court faces the problem of definition because courts were so diverse and also because any ruler's court could be different depending on the occasion. This may explain why it is that court studies are almost nonexistent for various periods of Islamic history. This is the same for the Byzantine court as well as the Abbasid society: the Byzantines, like the Abbasids, did not isolate the court as a social and cultural phenomenon worthy of literary attention; rather, court culture was a fact of life which those who lived in it did not feel the need to articulate.
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Newman, Judith H. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190212216.003.0001.
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The introduction discusses the impact of the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls on understanding the formation of scriptures in the Hellenistic-Roman period. Rather than focusing on the closure of the canon of the Hebrew Bible, this book assesses the processes by which texts become scripture. While the contemporary understanding of “liturgical” in Judaism and Christianity is related to formal fixed prayer, this study expands the concept of liturgical to include a range of practices around the study of sacred texts in Jewish antiquity. A traditioning process occurs through such practices of revelatory discernment in which scriptural interpretation is incorporated into texts which both sacralizes and extends them. The book’s methodological framework is rooted in embodied cognition and draws on insights from anthropology, ritual theory, memory studies, and neuroscience. A center of attention is the mediating role of the liturgical body in both an individual and corporate sense.
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Hodges, Bert H. Conformity and Divergence in Interactions, Groups, and Culture. Edited by Stephen G. Harkins, Kipling D. Williams, and Jerry Burger. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199859870.013.3.
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Humans have a natural affinity for conformity and coordination that is essential to culture, to groups, and to dialogical relationships. It is equally true that the dynamics of relationships, groups, and culture depend on tendencies to diverge, to differentiate, and to dissent. Evidence from anthropology, as well as social, developmental, and cognitive psychology, reveals remarkably convergent accounts of the complex interplay of divergence and convergence in an array of contexts. Conversational alignment, synchrony, mimicry, imitation, majority-minority dynamics, dissent, trust, intra- and cross-cultural diversity, social learning, and the formation and development of cultures all reveal complex patterns of selectivity and fidelity that continue to surprise researchers. The general pattern is one illustrated by young children: They are most willing to be guided by those who tell the truth and those who care about others. Issues of convergence and divergence are fundamental social phenomena, and they deserve fresh attention.
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Gbúrová, Daniela, Daniel Dobiaš, Jana Šutajová, Gabriel Eštok, Ján Ruman, and Tomáš Dvorský. Research Into Correlations Between Deformations of Political Awareness and the Increase of Political Extremism Among Secondary School Students in the Košice Self-governing Region and the Prešov Self-governing Region. Univerzita Pavla Jozefa Šafárika, Vydavateľstvo ŠafárikPress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.33542/rcb-0277-0.
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The issue of political extremism has a relatively long research period, and it should be emphasised that, especially in the recent period, it has received increased attention in the political science community not just in Slovakia but also abroad. Given the specifics of this anti-democratic form of political discourse, which has not only explicit forms, but also highly sophisticated manifestations against democracy (extremism of the centre, or centrist extremism), it is also addressed by experts of other humanities and social disciplines: history, psychology, anthropology, sociology, etc. The common interest of this professional community is both to analyse different forms of extremist discourses and narratives, to search for national specificities of extremism that are anchored in their historical, social and cultural contexts, but at the same time to reveal transnational extremist influences within a globalizing world and to propose evidence-based strategies to counter extremist discourses. URL: https://unibook.upjs.sk/
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Shaffer, Paul, Ravi Kanbur, and Richard Sandbrook, eds. Immiserizing Growth. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832317.001.0001.
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Immiserizing Growth occurs when growth fails to benefit, or harms, those at the bottom. It is not a new concept, appearing such figures as Malthus, Ricardo and Marx. It is also not empirically insignificant, occurring in between 10% and 35% of cases, depending on the data set and the growth and poverty measures used. In spite of this, it has not received its due attention in the academic literature, dominated by the prevailing narrative that ‘growth is good for the poor’. The chapters in this volume aim to arrive at a better understanding of when, why and how growth fails the poor. They combine discussion of mechanisms of Immiserizing Growth with empirical data on trends in growth, poverty and related welfare indicators. In terms of mechanisms, politics and political economy are chosen as useful entry points to explain IG episodes. The disciplinary focus is diverse, drawing on economics, political economy, applied social anthropology, and development studies. A number of methodological approaches are represented including statistical analysis of household survey and cross-country data, detailed ethnographic work and case study analysis drawing on secondary data. Geographical coverage is wide including Bolivia, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Nigeria, the People’s Republic of China, Singapore, and South Korea, in addition to cross-country analysis. As the first book-length treatment of Immiserizing Growth in the literature, we believe that this volume constitutes an important step in redirecting attention to this issue.
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Gold, Ann Grodzins. Food Values Beyond Nutrition. Edited by Ronald J. Herring. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195397772.013.007.
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Cultural anthropologists have devoted considerable attention to multiple non-nutritional meanings and uses of food in diverse cultural worlds. This essay begins with a wide-ranging overview of some ways anthropology has portrayed food’s links to every aspect of human existence. Because this discipline’s prime method, fieldwork, is rooted in proximity and intimacy, sharing food with subjects of study has always been part of ethnographic experience. One major fascination lies in how biological food needs that are shared with all animals become culturally embellished with infinite variations that are evident in diverse aspects of life from cuisine to religious symbolism. The essay shifts focus to one ethnographic location in rural North India to examine three pervasive themes surrounding food in South Asian culture: solidarity, separation, and decline as a pervasive critique of modern tastelessness. Offering initially grounded examples of each theme, the essay moves to broader circles of related meanings in varied practices and narratives. Thus employing a classical interpretive mode in cultural anthropology, this chapter thinks through food values by tacking between far-reaching generalizations and highly localized specificities. In the context of a volume largely and properly focused on food materialities, conflicts, and policies, the chapter aims to evoke less concrete, less quantifiable aspects of comestibles in human cultures that may be nonetheless relevant to understanding interrelated workings of food, politics, and society. In many cultural worlds, moralities of sharing confront circumstances of inequity through acknowledging hunger as bodily knowledge common to all.
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Das, Veena. Textures of the Ordinary. Fordham University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823287895.001.0001.
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Textures of the Ordinary: Doing Anthropology after Wittgenstein is an exploration of everyday life in which anthropology finds a companionship with philosophy. Based on two decades of ethnographic work among low-income urban families in India, Das shows how the notion of texture allows her to align her ethnography with stunning anthropological moments in Wittgenstein and Cavell as well as in literary texts from India. Das poses a compelling question—how might we speak of a human form of life when the very idea of the human has been put into question? The response to this question, Das argues, does not lie in some foundational idea of the universal as that of human nature or the human condition but in a close attention to the diverse ways in which the natural and the social mutually absorb each other within overlapping forms of life. The book shows how reality as ordinary and domestic is impaired not only by catastrophic events but also by the repetitive and corrosive soft knife of everyday violence and deprivation. It advances a view of ordinary ethics as attentiveness to the other and the ability of small acts of care to stand up to horrific violence. The book also presents a picture of thinking in which concepts and experience are shown to be mutually vulnerable and ethnography is treated as intimately connected to autobiography as a form of reflection emanating from the impersonal regions of the self.
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Malafouris, Lambros, and Maria Danae Koukouti. More than a Body. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190210465.003.0011.
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Merging notions of materiality and intercorporeality is becoming increasingly important in archaeology and anthropology, as material culture has brought the materiality of bodies and the materiality of things back to the center of attention. Material Engagement Theory (MET) offers a new approach to the study of the nature of interactions and relational transactions of people and things as well as understanding their role in shaping the mind. Using the example of pottery making, this paper explores how the material world now becomes an inseparable component of the way we think; mind and matter are one and must be studied as such. This is a new emphasis on the priority of material engagement as a prereflexive, preverbal capacity for basic thought through, with, and about things which emerges from our bodily engagement with the world. It resonates, extends, and complements the concept of “intercorporeality” (intercorporéité) as advanced by French philosopher Maurice Merleau-Ponty.
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Sjoberg, Laura, and Sandra E. Via, eds. Gender, War, and Militarism. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400655999.
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This compelling, interdisciplinary compilation of essays documents the extensive, intersubjective relationships between gender, war, and militarism in 21st-century global politics. Feminist scholars have long contended that war and militarism are fundamentally gendered. Gender, War, and Militarism: Feminist Perspectives provides empirical evidence, theoretical innovation, and interdisciplinary conversation on the topic, while explicitly—and uniquely—considering the links between gender, war, and militarism. Essentially an interdisciplinary conversation between scholars studying gender in political science, anthropology, and sociology, the essays here all turn their attention to the same questions. How are war and militarism gendered? Seventeen innovative explanations of different intersections of the gendering of global politics and global conflict examine the theoretical relationship between gender, militarization, and security; the deployment of gender and sexuality in times of conflict; sexual violence in war and conflict; post-conflict reconstruction; and gender and militarism in media and literary accounts of war. Together, these essays make a coherent argument that reveals that, although it takes different forms, gendering is a constant feature of 21st-century militarism.
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Green, Nile. Afghanistan’s Islam. University of California Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520294134.003.0001.
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This chapter introduces the study of Islam in Afghanistan to readers with no previous knowledge of the region. Based on two decades of research, it provides both a survey of Afghan religious history and a summary of existing scholarship on the subject. Since the book as a whole is intended to collate existing expert knowledge on Afghan Islam into a single volume, the summary of over half a century of scholarship in English, French, German, Italian and Swedish provides the fullest overview ever attempted of expertise on this much-discussed but rarely-researched topic. The chapter renders this précis readable and intelligible by structuring it in chronological terms that follow the emergence, expansion and diversification of Afghanistan’s various versions of Islam from the eighth to the twenty-first century. In this way, the introduction both enables readers to navigate through the more specialist ‘snapshot’ chapters that follow while at the same time drawing attention to the various gaps in even expert understanding of Islam in Afghanistan. The chapter is the most comprehensive general summary of the history and anthropology of Afghan Islam yet available.
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Cohen, Elizabeth S., and Thomas V. Cohen. Daily Life in Renaissance Italy. 2nd ed. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400637001.
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A clear, lively, and deeply informed survey of life in Renaissance Italy for students and general readers, this book presents a thoughtful cultural and social anthropology of practices, values, and negotiations. Lively and reader-friendly, this second edition of Daily Life in Renaissance Italy provides a colorful and accurate sense of how it felt to inhabit the Renaissance Italian world (1400–1600). In clearly written chapters, the book moves from Renaissance Italy’s geography to its society, and then to family. It also looks at hierarchies, moralities, devices for keeping social order, media and communications and the arts, space, time, the life cycle, material culture, health, and illness, and finishes with work and play. This new edition is especially alert to the rich connections between Italy and the rest of Europe, and with Africa and Asia. The book synthesizes a great deal of recent scholarship on social and material history, paying additional attention to the arts and religion. Readers are given an inside view of people from every social class, elite and ordinary, men and women. Written for students of all levels, from secondary school up, it is also an accessible introduction for travelers to Italy.
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Little, Peter C. Burning Matters. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190934545.001.0001.
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This book explores the complex cultural, economic, and environmental health politics of electronic waste (e-waste) in Ghana. Global trade in e-waste has led to various global e-waste management challenges, and many regions of the Global South, like Ghana, have suffered the consequences. Based on ethnographic research, the book exposes the lived experience of Ghana’s e-waste workers as they navigate the health, social, and economic challenges of e-waste labor, especially e-waste workers burning electrical wires to extract copper, a valuable and ubiquitous tech metal. With a particular focus on e-waste workers working in an urban scrap metal market known as Agbogbloshie, the book examines the ways in which this labor practice has raised concerns about toxic exposures and urban environmental contamination and has drawn the attention of international organizations seeking to find “green” solutions to severe environmental and health risks posed by e-waste burning. Addressing the practices and risks of e-waste burning and the politics and optimism of environmental health interventions, the book explores the theoretical import of the “pyropolitical ecology of e-waste,” an approach developed to augment and synthesize the emerging anthropology and political ecology of e-waste ruination, environmental justice, and uncertainty in the Global South.
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Shiner, Larry. Art Scents. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190089818.001.0001.
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This book offers an overview of the aesthetic and ethical issues raised by the contemporary olfactory arts, which range from gallery and museum sculptures and installations, through the enhancement of theater, film, and music with scents, to the ambient scenting of stores and avant-garde chefs’ use of scents in cuisine. Special attention is given to the aesthetics of perfume and incense and the question of their art status, as well as to the role of scent in the appreciation of nature and gardens. Ethical issues are discussed regarding ambient scenting, perfume wearing, and the use of smells in fast-food marketing. Because of the traditional neglect and denigration of the sense of smell and its aesthetic potential by philosophers from Kant and Hegel to the present, and by Darwin’s and Freud’s view of the human sense of smell as a nearly useless evolutionary vestige, the first parts of the book counter that tradition with both philosophical arguments and evidence from current evolutionary theory, neuroscience, psychology, anthropology, history, linguistics, and literature. Although the focus is on Western olfactory arts, the book draws on non-Western examples throughout. The book is aimed at both philosophers and general readers interested in the arts, and develops positions that should stimulate further discussion.
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Мартынова, М. Ю., О. Д. Фаис-Леутская, Ю. А. Перевозчиков, А. Е. Загребин, Л. С. Гущян, В. В. Федченко, А. Н. Кожановский, et al. Вкус Европы. Антропологическое исследование культуры питания: Коллективная монография. Кучково поле Музеон, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33876/978-5-907174-47-4/1-568/48.
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В фокусе внимания творческого коллектива, объединившего сотрудников Центра европейских исследований Института этнологии и антропологии им. Н. Н. Миклухо- Маклая РАН, Отдела европеистики Музея антропологии и этнографии им. Петра Великого (Кунсткамера) РАН, а также нескольких приглашенных ученых, находится широкий диапазон проблем, связанных с культурой питания и пищевыми практиками европейцев. Исследование, выполненное с позиций социальной антропологии, построено на полевых материалах авторов, архивных и других источниках. При изучении социокультурной роли европейской пищи акцент делается на следующих вопросах: алиментарные практики и истоки традиции, пища и идентичность, система питания и социальность, кухня и гендер, еда как символ и политический инструмент, вкус в культурах, национальная кухня и аутентичные рецепты, трапеза, этикет и обряд. Книга состоит из пяти разделов, поделенных на 16 глав, отличающихся тематикой исследуемых сюжетов, рассматриваемых на материалах конкретного региона, народа или пищевого феномена. Монография представляет интерес для специалистов и широкого круга читателей. The members of the team, which includes researchers coming from the Center for European Studies of the N. N. Miklukho-Maklai Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Department of Europe of the Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (the Kunstkamera) of the RAS, aswell as a number of invited scholars, focused their attention on a broad range of problems related to the Europeans’ food culture and eating habits. The socio-anthropological research is drawing upon the field data collected by the authors, archival and historiographical material, and other kinds of sources. While studying the sociocultural role of food in Europe, special emphasis is given to alimentary practices and sources of the tradition, food and identity, system of nutrition and sociality, cuisine and gender, food as a symbol and a political instrument, taste in cultures, ethnic cuisine and authentic receipts, and meal, etiquette and ritual. The book consists of five parts divided into 16 chapters, each dedicated to its own subject-matter illustrated with examples from a given region, ethnic group, or food-related phenomenon. The monography might be of interest to specialists and also appeal to a large audience.
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Martin, Richard. Policing Human Rights. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198855125.001.0001.
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Human rights are a common feature of police reform, rhetoric and regulation in many jurisdictions. Yet how human rights law might serve to regulate policing, function as a discourse for describing what police ‘do’ or perform as a critical concept for engaging with what the police role is, or ought to be, has received limited attention. This book is an endeavour to produce one of the first sustained, interdisciplinary accounts of the empirical realities of human rights law in policing. The substantive insights are drawn from unprecedented access to the Police Service of Northern Ireland. The book takes the reader on a tour of four sites of policing: the public forums host to ‘official’ police narratives, routine policing, public order policing and police custody. It seeks to better understand how and why police officers performing different aspects of policing, operating in distinct regulatory sites and enacting their own identities and experiences, come to encounter and engage with human rights law in their everyday work. The book aspires to embrace criminology’s interdisciplinary spirit, drawing on concepts from criminology itself, as well as law, anthropology, sociology and organizational studies, to illuminate the empirical realities of human rights law. It offers a series of findings and insights that expose how human rights law functions in modern policing, and the histories, imaginations, visions and values police officers’ express in narratives, sensemaking and practices of routine police work.
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Arora-Jonsson, Stefan, Nils Brunsson, Raimund Hasse, and Katarina Lagerström, eds. Competition. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192898012.001.0001.
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The spread of competition into all areas of society is one of the master trends of modern society. Yet, social scientists have played a surprisingly modest role in the analysis of its implications as the discussion of competition has largely been confined to the narrow context of economic markets. This book opens up competition for the study of social scientists. The central message of the book is that competition seems ubiquitous but it should not be taken for granted or be naturalized as an inevitable aspect of human existence. Its emergence, maintenance, and change are based on institutions and organizational efforts, and a central challenge for social science is to learn more about these processes and their outcomes. With the use of a novel definition of competition, more fundamental questions can be addressed than merely whether or not competition works. How is competition constructed—and by whom? Which institutional and organizational foundations need to be considered? Which behaviours result from competition? What are its consequences? Can competition be removed? And, how do these factors vary with the object of competition—be it money, attention, status, or other scarce and desired objects? The chapters in the book investigate these and more questions in studies of competition among and within schools, universities, multinational corporations, auditors, waste-disposal firms, and fashion designers and users. The chapters are written by scholars from several social science fields: management, organization studies, sociology, anthropology, and education.
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Bernstein, Meg, ed. Towards an Art History of the Parish Church, 1200–1399. Courtauld Books Online, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33999/2021.71.
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Estimated at numbering between eight and nine thousand, parish churches containing at least some medieval building fabric are ubiquitous in the English landscape. Yet, despite their quotidian familiarity, parish churches have not, by and large, been treated consistently or systematically as deserving of the attention of art historical study. This collection of essays comes out of a conference held at the Courtauld Institute of Art in June 2017 and focuses on the two centuries between 1200 and 1399. This period represents the most notable lacuna in scholarship, even though the parish church was fully solidified as an administrative category and arguably as a building type. Compared with the smaller corpus of the Romanesque period or the late medieval church after 1400, which draws on greater availability of documentary evidence in the form of churchwarden accounts, these two centuries have been historically understudied. The ten diverse essays contained within this volume explore the art and architecture of parish churches through a variety of lenses, methodologies, and perspectives, ranging from (re)considerations of the very definition of the parish church to phenomenological explorations of their component parts, as well as case studies of their decorative schemes. An Afterword by Paul Binski reflects upon his 1999 essay, ‘The English Parish Church and its Art in the Later Middle Ages: A Review of the Problem’ and considers the place of anthropology in our developed study of the parish church.