Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Anthropologie métaphysique'
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Spezzapria, Mario. "La ligne métaphysique du beau. : esthétique et anthropologie chez K.P Moritz." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01H201.
Full textIn this work l propose to find out in the thought of Karl Philipp Moritz (1756-1793) a homogeneous and coherent philosophical position, whose theoretical structures are paradigmatically exemplified in his aesthetical theory, which - at least in part - constitutes their seminal place. ln short, Moritz’s aesthetics presents itself both as an ample reflexion on totality, and as a theory of the intrinsic value of any individuality, themes that he transposed to the reflexion on man. At the heart of his aesthetical and anthropological thought lies the question: how an "object" (a work of art, or the character or taste of a people, or of a singular individual) can be thought in its autonomous value? Question that presupposes the experience of a lack, a lost of sense, and at the same time the man's constant effort to reproduce this "objective value (a tension for the ideal of a whole completed totality), while human life remains essentially dominated by limitation, destruction, grief and failure. By learning to deal with a whole and complete totality (the artistic object), aesthetics becomes a paradigm for the comprehension of further domains (humanity, nature, history), and an instrument of appreciation of life as a “work of art"
In questo lavoro propongo d'identificare nel pensiero di Karl Philipp Moritz (1756-1793) una posizione filosofica omogenea e coerente, le cui strutture teoretiche si trovano in maniera paradigmatica nella teoria estetica, che - perlomeno in parte - ne è anche il luogo seminale. L'estetica moritziana si presenta allo stesso tempo come un'ampia riflessione sulla totalità e come une teoria del valore intrinseco d'ogni individualità, temi che il nostro autore trasferisce alla riflessione sull'uomo. Al fondo del suo pensiero estetico e antropologico si trova la domanda: come può un "oggetto" (che si tratti di un'opera d'arte, del carattere o del gusto di un popolo, o di un individuo singolare) essere pensato nel suo valore autonomo? Una questione che presuppone l'esperienza di un fallimento, una mancanza di senso e, contemporaneamente, lo sforzo costante da parte dell'uomo di riprodurre tale valore "oggettivo" (una tensione per l'ideale di totalità in sé compiuta), mentre la vita umana rimane essenzialmente dominata dalla finitezza, distruzione, dolore e fallimento. Imparando a occuparsi di una totalità completa e conchiusa in sé (l'oggetto artistico), l'estetica diventa per l'uomo un paradigma per la comprensione di altri domini (umanità, natura, storia), e uno strumento per l'apprezzamento della vita come "opera d'arte"
Domenech, Théodora. "Phénoménologie et métaphysique dans la pensée de Max Scheler." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MON30069/document.
Full textMax Scheler’s phenomenological thinking is based on the idea that love is the source of all knowledge. Defined as the ultimate intentional act, love is an essentially personal act. This claim drives the philosopher to consider the existence of an infinite personal God – a loving God - as an eidetic necessity. This raises the following questions: does the essence of God arise from an intuitive experience grounded in love? Or is love conceived as the source of all knowledge according to an existing representation of God defined as love? Taking Scheler’s position on the matter as the guiding thread of my research, I examine the possibility of a phenomenology free from any metaphysical presupposition. To this end, several definitions of the term metaphysics will be examined: ontological realism, idealist subjectivism, and theological Weltanschauung. I first question Scheler’s thought through the prism of the debate surrounding Husserl’s idealist turn by asking whether his personalist phenomenology can be described as « realist » and if so, in what sense. Then I examine all the religious axioms that Scheler uses in his phenomenology to highlight what I call a « theo-logic », i.e. an implicit theological conception of phenomenological logic. Finally, I look at how Scheler criticizes phenomenology in the hope of revealing its implicit metaphysical presuppositions. My thesis thus sheds light on why Scheler, at the end of his life, decided to put phenomenology aside and to define his thinking in terms of a new metaphysics
Chareton, Sylvain. "Subsistence et métaphysique de la personne humaine chez Thomas d’Aquin." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040176.
Full textThis work examines the formation of a metaphysics of the human person in the thought of Thomas Aquinas. On one side it is generally agreed that the Thomistic thought on the person had a decisive influence on the modern understanding of man as a person, on the other side the term human person is not familiar of Aquinas and not subject to any particular development in his work. Indeed, the metaphysical approach of the human person in the Thomistic corpus is found in the theological texts in which Thomas defines the divine person maintening the affinity with man. This work of conceptualization deals with the Christian theme of man image of God using the analogy. In the Latin world, the various components of this rich tradition come together in the late sixth century around the figure of Boethius. From analogies on the mysteries of the Trinity and of Christ, Thomas is led to rethink the metaphysics of substance and subsistence inherited from the translation of the Greek notion of hypostasis made by Boethius. Ultimately, these analogies do not lead only to a metaphysics of the person subsisting in human nature, they found a true metaphysics of the human person by defining a human subsisting way
Blanc-brude, Gilles. "Psychologie et anthropologie dans la philosophie de Kant." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040013.
Full textKant’s philosophy is not a denial of any form of psychology. Despite the uncertainty of the systematic status concerning the mind’s empirical knowledge and the impossibility to use mathematics to bring this knowledge into the scientific field, despite the vacuity of a deduction about the metaphysical properties of the soul made a priori and the pointlessness of a psychological foundation of both philosophy and logic as well as moral, in brief, despite Kant’s antipsychologism and antinaturalism, themes and psychological issues do remain worthwhile and legitimate in his philosophy. The chapter on “Paralogisms” in the Critique of Pure Reason, associated to the “Refutation of Idealism”, does indeed put an end to the psychologia rationalis -which stems from Wolff’s metaphysics- but yet it makes it possible for psychology to be integrated into anthropology while following the leading thread of experience. Kant’s approach of psychology being intimately related to transcendental philosophy will be both its complement and its illustration through a series of considerations on the genesis of our knowledge, on the connection between interiority and exteriority, the various degrees of consciousness and eventually through considerations on the free use of our mental faculties. The first part will deal with the difficulties to set psychology in relation to Kant’s anthropology and philosophy. The second part will set out the main arguments against empirical and rational psychology. The last part will study Kant’s Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View as being the philosophical fulfilment of an untimely theory of the mind complying with the demands of criticism
Bissa, Bi Nzue Astride. "Art et individuation : la rupture expressionniste." Dijon, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DIJOL019.
Full textExpressionism, considered like one of the most esthetic advanced of the 20th century, is related to an artistic creation conception like the person building, individuation mode. And, taking the opposite of usuals definiton critarials, Nice and Shape, this singular esthetic born in a difficult particular context, represent a real catalyzer for the art of the bigginning of the 20th century and the whole comtemporain esthetic thinking. Sure enough, expressionism induct a whole transformation of the representative mode of art, the one of the human subject face and his relation with world, thus giving a new anthropolical dimension to art. So this indicate an approach of art which permit to set or resolve the question of an human ethic, imcompatible to the essentialists definitions. Thus, this esthetic appears like first a categorical reject of a social, cultural and politcal reality particulary difficult, but which seems at the same time build his temperament and determine his orientations. The appearance of primitivisme is as this respect emblematic. This primitivism which appears like an acceptation, like a recongnition, like an altirity almost radical, seeks of identity and senses, affecting expressionism and comtemporain art in their conception of art and life. Consequently, this special impulsion of previtivism represent one of the most manifestations of the esthetic revolution of the 20th Century but also, fact that expressionism the melting pot of an art conception and human out of stand out and rules
Chaberty, David. "Introduction à la phénoménologie cosmologique d'Eugen Fink." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00713806.
Full textJullien, Stanislas. "La finitude infinie et ses figures : considérations philosophiques autour de la radicalisation de la finitude originaire chez Derrida." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040146.
Full textWe set out to construct a geography of historical aiming to cartograph the site where philosophy reaches its end. In so doing, two main constraints at least have to be taken into account. We first have to describe the site in order to locate it. We argue that the site in question can only be occupied by infinite finitude, for it is our assumption that only infinite finitude holds its inaugural taking-Place, a taking-Place wherein infinite finitude will have to push its creative originarity so far as to release in itself an infinity that will be affected in return by a novel meaning. Secondly, we have to break new ground in textual territories, which will enable us to uncover the system of conceptual coordinates that will make it possible to cartograph the site of infinite finitude. We argue that it is the territory constructed by Derrida that hosts the native cartography of infinite finitude because of the intervention, both inaugural and structural, of infinite finitude on that territory. It follows that, in order to dwell in the articulated unit of these two constraints, we have to maintain a speculative posture in the following cardinal proposition: infinite finitude IS deconstruction. This posture makes it possible to delineate and re-Inscribe infinite finitude on the Derridean territory by (re)constructing a plane of intelligibility through the combination of both the phenomenologico-Transcendental and thanatologico-Trancendental axes on the one hand; by showing, on the other hand, that if infinite finitude confronts the Derridean territory with an aporetic charge operating as a pharmakon, that pharmacology could release novel figures of infinite finitude - hermeneutic (Heidegger), as well as speculative (Hegel), ones
Coupeau, Charline. "La métaphysique du bijou : objets d'histoire, parure du corps et matériau de l'oeuvre d'art au XIXème siècle." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BOR30016.
Full textIf the jewel of the nineteenth century abounds in many works, we must rethink its plot, its lexicon and its poetics. From an ontological perspective and thanks to a multidisciplinary exchange thus allowing an opening to processes of methodological sharing, this thesis shows how much the jewel of the nineteenth century is strongly connoted and possesses an aesthetic, social, geographical, political and cultural significance of its own. This study proves that jewellery, both as a polysemic sign and as ontology, crystallizes the anxieties and upheavals relating to its century. It makes it possible to define an aesthetic, a relationship to the world, to the passing of time. It is a key, a way of being in the world, a pole of understanding. So there is a creative interaction between man and his finery. Man creates the jewel and the jewel creates man in return. Thanks to the implementation of a new and original approach proposing to see the jewellery of the nineteenth century as an ontology, the jewel is then thought as a whole element to understand the man. Jewels are not there by chance, they convey hidden meanings, codes. They are the unchanging referent that this study proposes to make us discover
Brown, Julius. "Penser le corps, sa puissance et sa destinée chez Spinoza : aux sources de son anthropologie." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAK012/document.
Full textSpinoza assesses the Copernican revolution and advocates a rationalist and materialistic naturalismagainst the onto-theological tradition, Aristotle and Descartes as the two main figures thereof,theologians and the Bible not to mention. Spinoza interprets the error of geocentrism as indicating twoother errors: classical anthropological dualism which subjugated the body to the soul and the illusion offree-will. By gnoseological, psychophysical and socio-emotional rehabilitation of the body, he claims tolead man to present salvation, not eschatological, reconciling him with himself and with God as Nature.The permanence of Hebraic anthropological sensibility is pregnant, which does not cancel metaphysical,soteriological and ethical disparities between him and the Bible. These disparities could bring Spinozacloser to Aristotle than to Descartes. Will the spinozian project keep its promises without relapsing intothe traps of the mythical and the mystical ?
Lazic, Boris. "La relation du temps et de l’éternité dans l’œuvre poétique de P.P. Njegos." Thesis, Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040188.
Full textThe aim of this work is to determine the value given to a literary motive & its development in the literary body of the studied author. The study of the nature of God represents the first step in the study of the Being that further develops in the study of Njegoš’s concept of Nature & Chaos. The notion of Chaos introduces the idea of a possible binary opposition between the Principle of Light & Chaos, Order & Disorder, Good & Evil. The purpose of this research is to demonstrate, on the basis of the original author’s body of works, the philosophical & theological impossibility of a Dualistic Ontology. God is altogether being & becoming. The dialectal Divine Creating works on the union of the Essence & the Being. The relation of Time & Eternity is expressed by this work of luminous irradiating whose final aim is to introduce the Universe into Harmony. The Ontology determinates the Anthropology, the Christology the nature of the Ray of the Microcosm, the Figure Divine the Romantic Poet
Brown, Julius. "Penser le corps, sa puissance et sa destinée chez Spinoza : aux sources de son anthropologie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAK012.
Full textSpinoza assesses the Copernican revolution and advocates a rationalist and materialistic naturalismagainst the onto-theological tradition, Aristotle and Descartes as the two main figures thereof,theologians and the Bible not to mention. Spinoza interprets the error of geocentrism as indicating twoother errors: classical anthropological dualism which subjugated the body to the soul and the illusion offree-will. By gnoseological, psychophysical and socio-emotional rehabilitation of the body, he claims tolead man to present salvation, not eschatological, reconciling him with himself and with God as Nature.The permanence of Hebraic anthropological sensibility is pregnant, which does not cancel metaphysical,soteriological and ethical disparities between him and the Bible. These disparities could bring Spinozacloser to Aristotle than to Descartes. Will the spinozian project keep its promises without relapsing intothe traps of the mythical and the mystical ?
Lagrut, Blandine. "Le réalisme moral d'Elizabeth Anscombe : une philosophie de l'intégrité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LORR0107.
Full textFor Elizabeth Anscombe, every effort at goodness is also a quest for truth. Moral vigilance takes the form of a Daimôn reminding each person of the task of examining their life: ‘Perhaps in some way, I can’t see, I may be on a bad path, perhaps I am hopelessly wrong in some essential way*.’ This thesis argues that Anscombe is developing an original type of moral realism centred on the notion of integrity and polarised by one question: how does a person come to grasp, as rigorously as possible, the meaning and gravity of their actions? According to her, three conditions are necessary in order to correctly assess the weight of our actions – they provide the blueprint for our work: we need to know what we are actually doing, we need to have some idea of the necessities of our human nature and, finally, we need to recognise the infinite value of this nature.To know what they are doing, the person must be able to identify the criteria for ‘what counts as a relevant description of an action’. This is precisely what Anscombe sets out to do in her study of intention. She shows that it is possible to isolate types of action which we know that, if we do them intentionally, we are in the wrong. The category of "intrinsically unjust act" becomes available again, providing the starting point for a realist moral epistemology.The person also needs to justify their assessments by basing them on a thorough understanding of the human being. Here again, Anscombe makes a major shift by restoring consistency to the concept of human nature. She relies on the idea that we learn something about the kind of being that humans are by unfolding the logical form of their linguistic practices. Her meta-ethics revolves around an often-unnoticed axis, combining Aristotle’s naturalism and Wittgenstein’s logical grammar.Finally, an action will only be true on a moral level if it manifests the “mystical” value of human nature. Bringing this aspect to light is the most innovative contribution of this thesis. An in-depth study of the ethico-religious texts reveals the core of her metaphysical anthropology: humans are not only rational animals, but also spiritual beings, endowed with a dignity that we can know through “connaturality” or “mystical perception”.By exploring the various facets of Anscombean moral realism, we can ultimately clarify its role in the contemporary ethical debate on absolutism. Are certain acts to be rejected absolutely, whatever the cost to the well-being of the person or the consequent situation? For Anscombe, the answer is yes. But this cannot be done either at the expense of personal discernment or at the cost of alienation. Her way of conceiving the human makes it possible to resolve the tension by establishing that the prohibition does not need to be decreed by an external authority to be absolute. It can be imposed internally on the agent, as compelling evidence, due to their spiritual nature.*G. E. M. Anscombe, ‘Modern Moral Philosophy’ in Ethics, Religion and Politics, Collected Philosophical Pa-pers III, Oxford, Blackwell, 1981, p. 37.Keywords: moral realism, integrity, absolutism, philosophy of action, moral epistemology, meta-ethics, naturalism, logical grammar, mystical perception, connaturality, metaphysical anthropology, spiritual nature
Hebga, Meinrad Pierre. "Rationalité d'un discours africain sur les phénomènes paranormaux et la conception pluraliste du composé humain." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040223.
Full textLOMBARD, JESSICA. "Pour une onto-anthropotechnie de la sphère humaine. La question de l'interdit technologique au prisme d’une lecture phénoménologique du transhumanisme." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11567/1100157.
Full textLe débat visant à évaluer dans quelle mesure la technique structure la sphère humaine est aujourd’hui grandement bridé par la vulgarisation d’analogies mythologiques (menace prométhéenne, etc.) ou narratives (menace de l’IA, du cyborg, etc.). De nombreux auteurs qui ont questionné en détail l’essence de la technique la scindent aujourd’hui selon deux modalités, résumées schématiquement en une technique (post)moderne et une technique ancienne, en évacuant la quiddité formelle de la technique. Le sentiment d’inquiétude qu’éprouvent nos sociétés face à l’autonomisation et à la puissance technique s’expliquerait par la discontinuité ontologique des relations humain-technique. Le transhumanisme, d’ailleurs, ne se fait-il pas l’incarnation concrète de cette rupture ? Notre thèse postule qu’afin de correctement interpréter l’émergence de phénomènes comme le transhumanisme, nous avons besoin d’une lecture philosophique du phénomène de la technique. Cette lecture philosophique de la technique nécessite de réinterroger les racines anthropologiques et ontologiques de la technique elle-même. Nous adoptons pour cela une approche phénoménologique de l’objet transhumaniste, qui se propose d’esquisser les enjeux métaphysiques propres à nos imaginaires techniques, en plus de servir d’entrée nouvelle à la question de la technique elle-même. La réduction eidétique nous permet de localiser les divergences internes au transhumanisme pour les rendre à l’expression d’un discours minimal, la volonté d’amélioration de l’homme par la technique. Ce discours manifesté et manifestant peut dès lors être pris en charge par la philosophie de la technique et servir de phénomène dévoilant, en prenant part à une discussion majeure et au demeurant largement entamée. Malgré l’évolution culturelle et anthropologique de la technique et de ses objets, nous défendons l’hypothèse qu’il n’y a pas de rupture entre une technique moderne et une technique ancienne, et que l’émergence ou la solidification de formes d’imaginaires techniques contemporains participe ontologiquement de la sphère d’existence humaine, et non accidentellement. Notre intention est donc de revenir aux questions que soulève la technique envers l’être de l’humain, au lieu d’en rester à l’humain comme l’être soulevant des questions sur l’impact de la science et de la technique. Le transhumanisme est pensé comme une porte d’entrée à la question de la technique, permettant de réinscrire les relations humain-technique dans la temporalité d’une évolution continue, induisant l’adaptation renouvelée et plastique de l’homme à son milieu. Notre première partie introduit le cadre conceptuel de la compréhension de l’objet technique, comme objet s’insérant dans les médiations humaines. Nous interrogeons cet objet à partir de points de repères familiers, entre mécanisme et finalisme, geste et médiation, organe et outil. Ces éléments nous permettent de déterminer certains apports phénoménologiques quant à l’unité organique et au rapport entre « util » et objet technique. Ces éléments de définition sont concrétisés dans l’analyse d’objets technoscientifiques contemporains, qui détermine les convergences et divergences entre le mode d’existence des objets techniques et celui des objets émergents, afin d’induire la possibilité d’une continuité formelle dans l’ontologie de l’objet technique. Il devient nécessaire de questionner le rapport de l’humain à l’engagement de sa matérialité, et donc de ses rapports au milieu et à la temporalité. Notre seconde partie cherche à revitaliser la phénoménologie de l’habitat par l’anthropologie, afin de faire jouer la technique au centre de la notion de vécu humain. Nous y replaçons le milieu technique au centre d’une épistémologie faisant travailler les notions d’intention, d’invention et d’imagination, pour reconstruire la relation de la technique à la virtualité humaine et proposer une analyse de l’évolution de la technique et de ses objets hors du cadre ontique de l’historicité humaine. Cette apparente autonomisation de la technique nous enjoint dès lors à questionner les ressorts du sentiment de danger que fait naître la technique contemporaine. Notre troisième partie participe d’une tentative de redéfinition de l’humanisme, apte à dépasser l’interdit technologique et à témoigner de la réalité culturelle de la technique. Elle restructure les dangers rationnels et irrationnels dont la technique se fait le bouc-émissaire en les resituant en dehors de l’essence de la technique elle-même, à partir d’une métaphysique de la substance des objets mondains qui replace ces périls concrets dans le cadre de l’évolution anthropologique de modes de production et de la notion de progrès technique. Nous présentons ces éléments comme le symptôme du passage d’un imaginaire humaniste vers une forme d’imaginaire technique, dont l’exemple emblématique est l’émergence du transhumanisme. La quatrième partie prolonge donc ces questionnements concrets en s’appuyant sur la façon dont le transhumanisme se réapproprie les enjeux métaphysiques de notre matérialité. Elle s’appuie sur la conception transhumaniste du corps humain à travers la différence thérapie/augmentation, qui dévoile l’invariant du phénomène corporel et vient revitaliser l’aspect véritablement rupturel des considérations immortalistes transhumanistes. Celles-ci viennent en contrepoint à la relation existentiale de l’humain à la finitude, considérée comme horizon de structuration du temps et du monde. L’ouverture de la finitude à de nouvelles temporalités nous invite alors à questionner la façon dont le transhumanisme fait jouer une pensée de l’eschatologie et de la transcendance comme mesure d’un temps vécu. Notre cinquième et dernière partie interroge par conséquent la notion de Grand Récit transhumaniste à l’aune de mythes techniques emblématiques, pour dévoiler la métapoétique de l’imaginaire qui sous-tend les discours transhumanistes et anti-transhumanistes. Nous en venons à resituer la mythification du transhumanisme dans un processus eschatologique et temporel plus général, prenant en compte le recours choisi des mouvements transhumanistes à l’optimisme technophile. Ces interrogations nous permettent de réinvestir nos analyses du milieu et de la temporalité pour synthétiser l’évolutionnisme continuiste faisant du transhumanisme un vecteur consistant de la structuration onto-anthropotechnique de la sphère humaine.
Gosselin, Sophie. "Le toucher du monde : les techniques du naturer." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAC012.
Full textAt a time of the increasing dominance of anthropotechnic, with the advent of the technoscientific paradigm and the generalised introduction of digital technology, the challenge consists in questioning and disrupting the metaphysical bond between anthropos and techné by reconsidering the issue of technique beyond the division between Nature and Culture. From this perspective, the problem is no longer to see Technique in opposition to a pre-given Nature, opposition which allows the establishment of the instrumental reign of mankind cut off from the cosmic process. The question is to view different technical modes as ways to articulate weaves of space and time, that is as sensitive experiences. These modes of articulation do not depend on the power or the will of Man, but emerge from the sensitive and moving difference of 'naturing', a difference which escapes from any attempt to capture it
Bouvier, Alban. "Essai d'anthroposociologie de l'argumentation philosophiques : hétérogénéités et dissonances dans les Méditations métaphysiques de Descartes et dans le Contrat social de Rousseau." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040221.
Full textWhat thought processes are required from the reader of a philosophical work for him to understand it and possibly give his assent ?. .
Lamy, Julien. "Le pluralisme cohérent de la philosophie de Gaston Bachelard." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30061.
Full textThe philosophical significance of the works of Bachelard is generally contained within a simple, two-Fold speciality, science and poetry. Although the double specificity of the work is evident, it often leads to a vulgate which obscures the richness and complexity of the works to such an extent that it is just simpler to speak of the philosophy of Bachelard in the singular. Is it relevant to uphold the theory that Bachelard develops a philosophy in the true sense of the word, whereas the normal interpretation of his works reduces them to a reflection on rationality and imaginary? How can one defend the idea that an integral philosophy exists in the works of Bachelard, which is developed from his regional research, but which exceeds the disciplinary framework of epistemology and the poetic to experiment "adventurous ideas" and more audacious suppositions? We believe we need to re-Evaluate the theories of Bachelard and to grant him a place of honour in twentieth century French philosophy. We undertake this re-Evaluation by proposing the reconstruction of the pluralist philosophy of Bachelard, on the basis of an overall interpretation of his work and a reading of the whole corpus. We therefore defend the thesis whereby the philosophy of Bachelard, both theoretical and practical, is a coherent pluralism, with psychological, ontological and axiological implications, so that the pluralism of Bachelard unfolds around not only a conception of the mind (Part I), of the "being-In-The-World" and concepts of existence (Part II), but also perfectionism in leading the good life, within the scope of a complete anthropology (Part III)
Blanc-Brude, Gilles. "Psychologie et anthropologie dans la philosophie de Kant." Thesis, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040013.
Full textKant’s philosophy is not a denial of any form of psychology. Despite the uncertainty of the systematic status concerning the mind’s empirical knowledge and the impossibility to use mathematics to bring this knowledge into the scientific field, despite the vacuity of a deduction about the metaphysical properties of the soul made a priori and the pointlessness of a psychological foundation of both philosophy and logic as well as moral, in brief, despite Kant’s antipsychologism and antinaturalism, themes and psychological issues do remain worthwhile and legitimate in his philosophy. The chapter on “Paralogisms” in the Critique of Pure Reason, associated to the “Refutation of Idealism”, does indeed put an end to the psychologia rationalis -which stems from Wolff’s metaphysics- but yet it makes it possible for psychology to be integrated into anthropology while following the leading thread of experience. Kant’s approach of psychology being intimately related to transcendental philosophy will be both its complement and its illustration through a series of considerations on the genesis of our knowledge, on the connection between interiority and exteriority, the various degrees of consciousness and eventually through considerations on the free use of our mental faculties. The first part will deal with the difficulties to set psychology in relation to Kant’s anthropology and philosophy. The second part will set out the main arguments against empirical and rational psychology. The last part will study Kant’s Anthropology from a Pragmatic Point of View as being the philosophical fulfilment of an untimely theory of the mind complying with the demands of criticism
Kolhatkar, Manek. "Comment raconter des histoires lithiques dans les labours de La Martre (Québec, Canada)." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24761.
Full textThis thesis binds various lithic remains fragmented and scattered by decades of plowing at La Martre (Gaspé Peninsula, Quebec, Canada). Plowing creates a specific type of archaeological palimpsest. It erases units allowing for: the comparison of lithic practices contained within each biface and flake that make up a context; the chronological control of said units; and using various methods and theories according to an archaeological unit’s appropriate scale. A maximum chronological boundary following the deglaciation of the northern Gaspé Peninsula, the exposure of La Martre’s higher terraces by the receding sea, and the production of Plano projectile points (dated to between 11 600 and 9000 cal BP in northeastern America) provide archaeologists with some chronological control that floats within La Martre’s hundreds of thousands of lithic remains. Yet, it is argued that plowing cannot preclude archaeologists from telling lithic and other stories, provided that some practices and habits are changed. Indeed, plowing points to theoretical, epistemological and methodological problems that elsewhere may have remained invisible. These problems pertain to the bifurcation of reality inhibiting its development by laying down a ready- made and unchanging reality prior to any engagement with it. Plowing requires for this specific engagement with reality to be turned upside down, starting from a moving and dispersed reality that a consciousness perceives and thinks with. Telling lithic stories at La Martre requires that this turn be extended by following its movements: that of a conscience, of knapping and of plowing; thus telling new stories that a bifurcated relationship to reality had inhibited. It is suggested here that this turn be extended using description along fifteen dispersion surfaces: (i.) two plowed terraces, stations 15 and 16; (ii.) shaped blanks; (iii.) chaînes opératoires; (iv.) a sample of 447 shaped blanks; (v.) a reduction continuum; (vi.) shaped blank integrity; (vii.) skill; (viii.) raw material; (ix.) knapping objectives; (x.) technical groups; (xi.) lithic fluxes; (xii.) skill combinatorics; (xiii.) possible evolutions; (xiv.) places; (xv.) production sequences. Such surfaces allow for several things: first, for knapping diversification rather than refining; second, for changing the condition of use of the chaîne opératoire or the reduction sequence; third, for starting from movement and relationships rather than defined groups or individuals; fourth, for differentiating La Martre’s plowed terraces; fifth, for delimiting a place, 16-West, structured by the sociocultural dynamics of learning and distinction; sixth, for growing several production sequences; seventh, for reconnecting La Martre to the northeastern Paleoindian landscape and multiplying its lithic and archaeological stories; and eighth, for working within the “in between” places, landscapes and shapes that grow from such stories. Thus, telling lithic stories within La Martre’s plowed fields is a fourfold narrative: (i.) exploring how past people engaged with their landscape through knapping; (ii.) deconstructing conditions allowing for such an exploration; (iii.) creating new conditions allowing for new stories to be told; and (iv.) telling these new stories.
Delisle, Richard G. "Le néo-darwinisme et la question de l'homme : tensions épistémologiques et métaphysiques." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16558.
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