Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Anthropocentrism'
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1
Burchett, Kyle L. "Anthropocentrism as Environmental Ethic." UKnowledge, 2016. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/philosophy_etds/12.
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Ever since the environment and nonhumanity became major ethical topics, human-centered worldviews have been blamed for all that is morally wrong about our dealings with nature. Those who consider themselves nonanthropocentrists typically assume that the West’s anthropocentric axiologies and ontologies underlie all of the environmental degradations associated with our species. On the other hand, a handful of environmental philosophers argue that anthropocentrism is perfectly acceptable as a foundation for environmental ethics. According to Bryan Norton’s convergence hypothesis, "If reasonably interpreted and translated into appropriate policies, a nonanthropocentric ethic will advocate the same [environmental] policies as a suitably broad and long-sighted anthropocentrism" (Norton 2004:11). Norton notes that although adherents to either ism may disagree about the relative importance of the various reasons they have for advocating such policies, they nevertheless share an equal commitment to protecting the environment. Because any form of anthropocentrism must fundamentally favor humanity over nonhumanity, nonanthropocentrists are nevertheless concerned that such favoritism is "nothing more than the expression of an irrational bias" (Taylor 1981:215). They reason that only a nonanthropocentric ethic can guarantee that policies do not arbitrarily favor humans when their interests conflict with those of nonhumans. I argue that critics of convergence fail to appreciate that Norton’s hypothesis is limited to ideologies that he deems "reasonable" and "suitably broad and long-sighted," or else they misapprehend what these terms imply. When it comes to ethics, nonanthropocentrists and anthropocentrists alike vary along a continuum according to whether their overriding intuitions are more aligned with individualistic or collectivistic axiologies and their associated timescales. The most unreasonable, narrow, and short-sighted ideologies are those that are the most individualistic. It is at the collective end of the continuum that Norton’s proposed convergence takes place. I defend a version of anthropocentrism that I term ecological anthropocentrism.
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Giraud, Eva Haifa Sarah. "Articulating animal rights : activism, networks and anthropocentrism." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.555696.
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The thesis establishes a conversation between Donna Haraway and the work of contemporary UK animal rights groups, in order to develop their - respective - approaches to articulating animal rights issues. To analyse the tactics of these movements a conceptual framework is constructed through combining Haraway's insights with those of Bruno Latour, performative uses of actor- network theory and key concepts from Pierre Bourdieu (such as field, habitus and doxa). Through focusing on the tactics of UK animal rights groups the thesis works to recuperate certain of these practices from the criticisms Haraway levels at animal rights groups more broadly; illustrating contexts where these movements are departing from humanist rights-discourses and developing approaches more suited to the radical critique of anthropocentrism that is central to Haraway's own project. To develop a sense of the disparate approaches taken by these animal rights movements that complement Haraway's arguments, various online and offline tactics are analysed; drawing on a range of lobbying practices undertaken by movements involved in the vivisection debate (such as SPEAK and the BUAV), before focusing on more creative forms of vegan campaigning engaged in by local Nottingham groups (such as Veggies Catering Campaign and Nottingham Animal Rights).
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Pérez, Marina Daniel. "Anthropocentrism and Androcentrism : An Ecofeminist Connection." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och kommunikation, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-2817.
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Kohavi, Zohar. "Animals, anthropocentrism, and morality : analysing the discourse of the animal issue." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6582.
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This dissertation identifies and criticises a fundamental characteristic of the philosophical discourse surrounding the animal issue: the underlying anthropocentric reasoning that informs the accounts of both philosophy of mind and moral philosophy. Such reasoning works from human paradigms as the only possible starting point of the analysis. Accordingly, the aim of my dissertation is to show how anthropocentric reasoning and its implications distort the inquiry of the animal debate. In extracting the erroneous biases from the debate, my project enables an important shift in the starting line of the philosophical inquiry of the animal issue. In chapters one and two, I focus on philosophy of mind. I show how philosophical accounts that are based on anthropocentric a priori reasoning are inattentive to the relevant empirical findings regarding animals' mental capacities. Employing a conceptual line of argument, I demonstrate that starting the analysis from a human paradigm creates a rigid conceptual framework that unjustifiably excludes the possibility of associating the relevant empirical findings in the research. Furthermore, I show how the common approaches to the issue of animals' belief and intentions deny that animals can have these capacities, and I demonstrate how such denials can be avoided. The philosophical discourse that I examine denies intentional mental capacities to animals. Such denials take place, I maintain, because the analysis is anthropocentric: it uses humans' most sophisticated capacities as the only possible benchmark for evaluating animals' mental abilities. A central example of such anthropocentric reasoning is the oft-mentioned view that there is a necessary link between language and intentionality. Such a link indeed characterises humans. Yet the claim that there is no intentionality without language is a problematic framework for analysing the supposed intentionality of non-linguistic and prelinguistic creatures. Employing a standard that applies to normal, adult humans excludes the possibility of animals' intentionality from the outset. It seems, however, that intentionality is a capacity that evolves in stages, and that simple intentional mental states do not require language. At the same time, such an analysis ignores, to a large extent, cases of attributing intentionality to pre-linguistic humans and even normal, adult humans. Thus, I show how the denial that animals may have intentional mental capacities results in a double standard. In chapters three to six, I critically examine the anthropocentric nature of the debate concerning animals' moral status. The anthropocentric reasoning relates to the conditions of moral status in an oversimplified manner. I show that human prototypes, e.g., rational agency and autonomy, have mistakenly served as conditions for either moral status in general or of a particular type. Seemingly, using such conditions excludes from the proffered moral domain not only animals, but also human moral patients. Yet eventually only animals are excluded from the proffered moral domain. I identify and criticise the manoeuvre that enables this outcome. That is, although the proffered conditions are based on individual characteristics of moral agents, they are applied in a collective manner in order to include human moral patients in the moral domain under examination. I also show that when animals are granted moral status, this status appears to be subjugated by human needs and interests, and therefore the very potential to substantiate animal moral status becomes problematic. Significantly, I also criticise arguments in favour of animals' moral status, claiming that they sustain the oversimplified nature of the inquiry, hence reproducing the major problems of the arguments they were originally designed to refute. As part of my critique towards both such arguments and anthropocentric reasoning, I suggest a non-anthropocentric framework that avoids oversimplification with regard to the conditions of moral status. The aspiration of anthropocentric reasoning as well as of pro-animals philosophers is to find a common denominator that is allegedly shared by all members of the moral community as the single foundation of moral status, which consists of individual characteristics. My framework challenges this aspiration by showing that this common denominator cannot account for all cases. The framework that I suggest enables establishing moral statuses upon distinctive foundations, and at the same time, my proposal avoids falling into the trap of speciesism.
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Woodhall, Andrew Christopher. "Addressing anthropocentrism in nonhuman ethics : evolution, morality, and nonhuman moral beings." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7186/.
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In this thesis I put forward a new definition of anthropocentrism based on a thorough overview of use in the literature and via analogy with other centrisms, such as androcentrism. I argue that thus clarified anthropocentrism is unjustified and results in problems for nonhuman animals and that any nonhuman ethic should wish to avoid. I then demonstrate how important nonhuman ethics theories are anthropocentric on this definition, and do not address anthropocentrism, in a way that results in these problems for nonhumans. I therefore propose a nonhuman ethic that aims to be less anthropocentric. I do this by first considering morality in light of evolution and second by looking at nonhuman moral codes. I draw upon both of these to set out a less anthropocentric nonhuman ethic and show why this account is at least as viable as, and less problematic than, the current theories as well as outlining its beneficial implications for nonhuman animals and the field. I conclude that anthropocentrism and approaching nonhuman ethics in the manner I have is therefore important for considering nonhuman issues, and that the theory I have put forward is advantageous.
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John, Jason Robert, and jason@scotschurch org au. "Biocentric Theology: Christianity celebrating humans as an ephemeral part of life, not the centre of it." Flinders University. Theology, 2005. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20051212.182616.
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When the Uniting Church formed in 1977, its Basis of Union envisaged a final reconciliation and renewal for all creation, not just humans. It did, nonetheless, reflect the anthropocentric assumptions of its day, as did other official documents released in the first decade of the Uniting Churchs life.
Anthropocentrism assumes that human beings alone are created in the image of God, charged with dominion over Earth, and responsible for the fallenness of creation, though not necessarily through the actions of a literal Adam and Eve. This basic framework did not shift in the first decade, even though Earth began to be talked about not as an inanimate resource for human consumption, but something good and valuable in and of itself.
In 1990 this anthropocentric paradigm began to be challenged, and during 2000-2002 two quite irreconcilable understandings of the relationship between God and Earth, and thus humans and other animals existed side by side in Uniting Church worship resources.
Having listened carefully to the story of life as told by ecological and evolutionary scientists, I conclude that the traditional anthropocentric paradigm is no longer tenable. Instead I propose that all of life is the image of God, in its evolutionary past, ecological present and unknown future. All of life is in direct relationship with God, and exercises dominion of Earth. Evidence traditionally used as evidence of the fallenness of creation is instead affirmed as an essential part of life, though life on Earth has experienced a number of significant falls in biodiversity.
Even the more biocentric thought in recent Uniting Church resources is inadequate, because its language implies that life is simple, static, benign, and to some extent designed by God. In order to be adequately consonant with the life sciences, theology must be able to accept that finitude (pain, suffering and death) is a good part of creation, for without it there could be no life. This is an emphasis of ecofeminism, which I extend to affirm not only individual death, but the extinction of whole species, including humans.
I argue that the purpose of creation was not the evolution of humans, but to make possible Gods desire for richness of experience, primarily mediated through relationships. Whilst this idea is well established in process theology, it must be purged of its individualistic and consciousness-centric biases to be adequately consonant with the scientific story of life.
The resulting biocentric paradigm has several implications for our understanding of Jesus. I argue that he offers salvation from the overwhelming fear of finitude, rather than finitude itself. Against the trend in ecotheology, I propose that this saving work is directed in the first instance to humans only. I tentatively propose that it is directed to only some humans. This, paradoxically, is more affirming of Gods relationship with the rest of creation than most ecotheology, which proclaims Jesus as a global or universal saviour. Salvation for some humans, and all non human creatures, happens only in a secondary sense, because this is the only sense in which they need saving. I then speculate on whether and how it might be possible for a Christian biocentric community to live out its salvation.
Finally, I revisit the Basis of Union and argue that although the biocentric theology I have proposed goes well beyond the Basis, it is not at odds with the Basis directions and intentions. Biocentric theology is, rather, an extension of the trajectories already contained within the Basis, with its trust in the eventual reconciliation and renewal of all creation.
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Коцюба, А. А. "Ґендер як антропоцентричне поняття." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/30493.
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Останнє десятиліття у мовознавчій науці визначається переходом від лінгвістики структурної до лінгвістики антропологічної, яка розглядає явища мови у тісному зв’язку з людиною, її мисленням та духовно-практичною діяльністю. Мова є центром усієї когнітивної діяльності людини, репрезентантом її когнітивних процесів та здібностей.
При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/30493
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Shields, Christopher A. "In the Shadows of Dominion: Anthropocentrism and the Continuance of a Culture of Oppression." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2474.
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The oppression of nonhuman animals in Western culture observed in societal institutions and practices such as the factory farm, hunting, and vivisection, exhibits alarming linkages and parallels to some episodes of the oppression of human animals. This work traces the foundations of anthropocentrism in Western philosophy and connects them to the oppressions of racism, sexism, and ethnocentrism. In outlining a uniform theory of oppression detailed through the marginalization, isolation, and exploitation of human and nonhuman animals alike, parallels among the groups emerge as the fused oppression of each exhibits a commonality among them. The analysis conducted within this work highlights the development and sustainment of oppression in the West and illuminates the socio-historical tendencies apparent in the oppression of human and nonhuman animals alike.
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Belrhomari, Nadia. "Génome humain : espèce humaine et droit." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST0038.
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Le décryptage du génome humain autorise désormais une manipulation du vivant humain. Mu par un souci de perfection, l'homme exploite aujourd'hui ce qui participe à son essence même, son génome. La diversité intraspécifique humaine s'en trouve perturbée, la vulnérabilité génétique de notre espèce augmentée. Or, si notre humanité, élément fondamental de notre singularité, se construit à partir de notre code génétique, elle peut aussi être défaite par l'application systématique à l'homme des biotechnologies. Sont concernées non seulement la survie de l'humanité comme communauté humaine, mais aussi, en chacun d'entre nous, la persistance de l'humanité de l'homme. L'espèce humaine, centre névralgique de notre humanité, doit dès lors être préservée. Elle est en effet cette unité vivante de nature rationnelle qui, dotée de son propre dessein d'où résultent les vies particulières, unit les générations dans l'espace et le temps et sous-tend l'homme. Le droit se trouve donc investi d'un rôle pour lequel il n'était sans doute pas préparé : préserver la nature humaine elle-même. L'analyse du droit positif relatif à l'utilisation du génome humain nous révèle combien la protection de l'espèce humaine est insuffisante. Cette carence du législateur nous contraint à penser d'autres voies, plus efficaces, pour préserver notre humanité contre les risques générés par une manipulation irréfléchie de notre génome. Pour ce faire, l'espèce humaine, pont intergénérationnel véhiculant l'essence de l'homme, doit être appréhendée, non comme objet de droit, mais comme sujet de droit. Il faut en outre repenser le concept de responsabilité à l'aune de celui d'altéritéDecoding the human genome now authorizes a manipulation of human life. Driven by a desire for perfection, the human being now operates what is involved in his very essence, the human genome.As such, diversity within human species gets disturbed and genetic vulnerability increased. Therefore, if our humanity, the essential element of our singularity, is shaped according to our genetic code, it can also be broken by the systematic application of biotechnology to humans. These might include not only the survival of mankind as a human community, but also, in each of us, the persistence of human element.The human species, the key point of our mankind, should therefore be preserved. It represents a sensible living unity with its own design which gives birth to multiple lives of individuals, unites generations in space and time and subtend the human being. Law is thus facing a new challenge: to preserve the human nature itself. The analysis of positive law on the use of the human genome reveals that the protection of the human species is very insufficient. This failure of the law makes it necessary for us to think of other ways, more efficient, to preserve our mankind against the risks caused by reckless handling of our genome. To do this, the human species, inter-generational bridge carrying the essence of man, must be understood not as an object of law, but as a subject of law. We should also rethink the concept of responsibility with respect to the otherness
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Johansson, Ulrika. "Towards a biocentric attitude in environmental education." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för pedagogik, psykologi och idrottsvetenskap, PPI, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-20542.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate young people’s environmental attitudes in India. The study had a special focus on the factor of exposure to nature and nature degradation in environmental attitudes formation. Attitudes are of a great importance in education. The investigation was conducted using a qualitative method based on observations and in depth interviews. The subjects were selected from a village in northern India and from Delhi, which is the capital of India. The subjects from the village area were exposed to nature and nature degradation in their daily lives and were expected to have biocentric or eco-centric environmental attitudes (to view humans as part of nature). In addition, Indian traditions and religions were expected to be more preserved in this area compared to Delhi. Hinduism, which is the dominant religion in India, is considered biocentric. In contrast, the subjects from Delhi were not exposed to nature and nature degradation daily and were expected to have anthropocentric or late anthropocentric environmental attitudes (to view humans as separated from nature). Also, these subjects were greatly influenced by industrialization and western influences. Western religions and cultures are considered anthropocentric. The results indicated a difference in environmental attitudes between the subjects in the village area who were exposed to nature and nature degradation and the subjects in Delhi, who were not. The subjects in the village area tended to have a biocentric or eco-centric view on nature and the subjects from Delhi tended to have a late anthropocentric view. This thesis argues for a biocentric view in environmental education and suggests establishing a positive relationship to nature as a part of environmental education, mainly through outdoor environmental education.
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Hovden, Eivind. "The problem of anthropocentrism : a critique of institutionalist, Marxist and reflective international relations theoretical approaches to environment and development." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245219.
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Jandick, Brittany. "Orca Recovery by Changing Cultural Attitudes (ORCCA): How Anthropocentrism and Capitalism Led to an Endangered Species in Puget Sound." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2020. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1703429/.
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Ways of understanding, living, and communicating with non-human species, and more specifically endangered species, have been thought of dualistically and hierarchically in Western cultures. This type of thinking is harmful when examining environmental issues that involve more than just humans, which is arguably all environmental issues. By enforcing a nature/culture dichotomy, humans are seen as separate from nature and therefore they can ethically excuse themselves from dealing with environmental issues that happen "out there" in nature. This thesis explores two manifestations of this nature/culture separation as it continues to threaten wild orca populations in Puget Sound. The first is because of an anthropocentric culture and the second is because of the capitalist socio-economic system. The anthropocentric part of this type of thinking raises humans up on a pedestal, above all non-human species. It gives humans the excuse to only care about issues that affect them directly. The capitalistic part of this type of thinking enforces human's exploitation and commodification of nature. I argue that anthropocentrism and capitalism together create a human/nature relationship that harms nature and benefits humans. This relationship is illustrated by a small population of orcas, called the Southern Resident Killer Whales (SRKW), off the coast of Washington State that are endangered because of human interference. Lack of prey, toxic water pollution, and excessive noise from boats caused them to become endangered, and these issues are produced by Western society's anthropocentric attitudes and capitalistic systems. The SRKW's will go extinct if the environmental destruction of Puget Sound doesn't end and it will only end if the anthropocentric attitudes and capitalistic systems are dismantled.
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Щербицька, В. В. "Антропоцентрична парадигма як базова для дослідження реалізації гендеру." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/30853.
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На сьогоднішній день гендерні дослідження є одними із самих значущих явищ сучасної лінгвістики, багато в чому,вони відбивають тенденції ХХI століття, до однієї з яких належить сформована на рубежі століть антропоцентрична парадигма.
При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/30853
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Попова, Т. С. "Принцип антропоцентризму як категорія сучасного мовознавства." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2020. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/77176.
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В тезах розглянуто антропоцентризм як один з основних параметрів сучасної лінгвістики, проаналізовані сучасні підходи і трактування принципів антропоцентризму. Показано, що в антропоцентричному підході мова інтерпретується як конструктивна властивість людини.
Людина визначається як людина саме через посередництво мови. Простежено формування лінгвокультурології як нового напряму в мовознавстві.В тезисах рассмотрен антропоцентризм как один из основных параметров современной лингвистики, проанализированы современные подходы и трактовки принципов антропоцентризма. Человек определяется как человек именно посредством языка. Прослежено формирование лингвокультурологии как нового направления в языкознании.
In the paper, anthropocentrism is considered to be one of the main parameters of modern linguistics. Current approaches and treatment principles of anthropocentrism are analyzed. It is shown that the anthropocentric approach is interpreted as a structural feature of a human being. The human being is defined as a human through the language. The formation of cultural linguistics as a new trend in linguistics is traced.
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Ступницька, В. "Лексичні інновації в медіадискурсі." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2008. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/14666.
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Gibson, Abraham Hill. "Confronting the Tree of Life: Three Court Cases in Modern American History." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32650.
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Like few other concepts in the history of science, Darwinian evolution prompted humans to question their most basic assumptions about themselves. Among the theoryâ s most controversial implications, the principle of common descent insisted that humans were kin to other species. As such, common descent challenged the previously unquestioned tradition of anthropocentrism, which held that humans were distinct from and superior to other species.
In order to discern common descentâ s impact on anthropocentrism, I will examine three court cases from an eighty-year span of American history, where resistance to common descent was especially virulent. Courtrooms provided the nationâ s leading critics of common descent an arena in which to protest the theoryâ s most egregious offenses. As common descent garnered increasing support from scientists and educators, however, anthropocentrists modified their position accordingly. Initially, they stigmatized monkeys and apes precisely because those animals were the most genealogically proximate to humans. As common descent became more accepted, however, this position became increasingly difficult to defend. Accordingly, many anthropocentrists abandoned their obsession with primates and instead engaged the entire tree of life, including its mysterious origin. By the turn of the millennium, even as some anthropocentrists increasingly accepted humanityâ s kinship to other species, many continued to cite human intelligence as legitimate grounds for anthropocentric behavior. Thus, while anthropocentrism survived the threat of common descent, it had to accommodate the Darwinian onslaught in order to do so.Master of Arts
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Фролова, І. Є. "Стратегічні конфронтаційні смисли у дискурсі як проблема лінгвістичного та перекладацького аналізу." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2009. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/17544.
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Лещенко, Ольга Іллівна, Ольга Ильинична Лещенко, and Olha Illivna Leshchenko. "Антропоцентризм в англоязычной сказке как концепт мироотношения." Thesis, Видавничо-виробниче підприємство “Мрія-1” ЛТД, 2002. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/57425.
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Рассмотрен принцип антропоцентризма как концепт человеческого отношения к миру и себе. Анализируются истоки и эволюция антропоцентричности в ходе развития общества, а также формы ее реализации в англоязычной сказке как специфическом явлении духовной культуры.The article in question deals with anthropocentrism as the concept of human attitude towards the world and himself. The sources and evolution of anthropocentrism in the process of social development are explicated. The forms of realization of the anthropocentric principle in English fairy-tale as the specific phenomenon of spiritual culture are analyzed.
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Stillpass, Zoe. "Vers le non-humain : quelques sujets émergents de l'art récent (1987-2018)." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH109.
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Ces dernières années, l'autorité de l'exceptionnalisme humain a de plus en plus été remise en question par un certain nombre d'artistes contemporains. Leurs œuvres non-anthropocentriques reconnaissent le rôle fondamental que jouent les acteurs non-humains dans la production artistique. Pour eux, le non-humain inclut des entités biologiques et non biologiques, corporelles et incorporelles. Cette thèse examine plusieurs pratiques artistiques qui, depuis les années 1990, attirent l'attention sur l’agentivité [agency] non-humaine. À cette fin, elles sont analysées à travers certaines théories interdisciplinaires correspondantes qui se sont développées de manière concomitante. Elles sont en outre comparées à des approches théoriques influentes qui réduisent l’art à des constructions sociales. Cette étude se déploie en trois parties inspirées par la thèse de Donna Haraway sur l’effacement de trois frontières à la fin du XXe siècle : la frontière entre les humains et les animaux, entre les organismes et les machines ainsi qu'entre le matériel et l’immatériel. Avec la dissolution de ces frontières et avec la capacité d’action qui est accordée aux entités non-humaines, le monde de l’art commence à englober des assemblages plus complexes et variés. Par conséquent, cette étude tente de décrire les nouvelles formes et les sens qui en émergent à mesure que des artistes adoptent un point de vue non-anthropocentriqueIn recent years, the authority of human exceptionalism has increasingly come into question by a number of contemporary artists. Their non-anthropocentric works acknowledge the fundamental role that non-human actors play in artistic production. For them, the non-human includes both biological and non-biological, corporeal and incorporeal entities. This dissertation examines several artistic practices that, in various ways since the 1990s, draw attention to non-human agency. To this end, I analyze these works in the context of corresponding cross-disciplinary theories which developed concurrently with these practices. In addition, I contrast them with influential theoretical approaches that reduce art to social constructions. This dissertation is divided into three parts, each matching the three boundaries that Donna Haraway identified as dissolving at the end of the 20th century: the boundary between humans and animals, between organisms and machines, and between the material and the immaterial. With the dissolution of these boundaries and the granting of agency to non-human entities, the art world begins to encompass more complex and multifarious assemblages. Accordingly, this paper attempts to show the novel forms and meaning that emerge as artists adopt a non-anthropocentric point of view
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Massey, Geraldine. "Reading the environment : narrative constructions of ecological subjectivities in Australian children's literature." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/31766/1/Geraldine_Massey_Thesis.pdf.
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Ways in which humans engage with the environment have always provided a rich source of material for writers and illustrators of Australian children's literature. Currently, readers are confronted with a multiplicity of complex, competing and/or complementing networks of ideas, theories and emotions that provide narratives about human engagement with the environment at a particular historical moment. This study, entitled Reading the Environment: Narrative Constructions of Ecological Subjectivities in Australian Children's Literature, examines how a representative sample of Australian texts (19 picture books and 4 novels for children and young adults published between 1995 and 2006) constructs fictional ecological subjects in the texts, and offers readers ecological subject positions inscribed with contemporary environmental ideologies. The conceptual framework developed in this study identifies three ideologically grounded positions that humans may assume when engaging with the environment. None of these positions clearly exists independently of any other, nor are they internally homogeneous. Nevertheless they can be categorised as: (i) human dominion over the environment with little regard for environmental degradation (unrestrained anthropocentrism); (ii) human consideration for the environment driven by understandings that humans need the environment to survive (restrained anthropocentrism); and (iii) human deference towards the environment guided by understandings that humans are no more important than the environment (ecocentrism). iv The transdisciplinary methodological approach to textual analysis used in this thesis draws on ecocriticism, narrative theories, visual semiotics, ecofeminism and postcolonialism to discuss the difficulties and contradictions in the construction of the positions offered. Each chapter of textual analysis focuses on the construction of subjectivities in relation to one of the positions identified in the conceptual framework. Chapter 5 is concerned with how texts highlight the negative consequences of human dominion over the environment, or, in the words of this study, living with ecocatastrophe. Chapter 6 examines representations of restrained anthropocentrism in its contemporary form, that is, sustainability. Chapter 7 examines representations of ecocentrism, a radical position with inherent difficulties of representation. According to the analysis undertaken, the focus texts convey the subtleties and complexities of human engagement with the environment and advocate ways of viewing and responding to contemporary unease about the environment. The study concludes that these ways of viewing and responding conform to and/or challenge dominant socio-cultural and political-economic opinions regarding the environment. This study, the first extended work of its kind, makes an original contribution to ecocritical study of Australian children's literature. By undertaking a comprehensive analysis of how texts for children represent human engagement with the environment at a time when important environmental concerns pose significant threats to human existence, I hope to contribute new knowledge to an area of children's literature research that to date has been significantly under-represented.
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El, Jamal Rayanne. "La construction du concept du vivant en sciences et les jeux vidéo de simulation d'animaux virtuels : étude de conceptions des élèves de l'école primaire au Liban et en France." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0310.
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Notre recherche consiste à comprendre quels sont les effets des jeux vidéo de simulation d’animaux virtuels sur les conceptions du vivant, en particulier sur la distinction entre ce qui est vivant et ce qui ne l’est pas. Pour ce faire, il s’agit d’identifier les différences conceptuelles entre les populations de joueurs et de non-joueurs aux jeux vidéo de simulation d’animaux virtuels. Tout d'abord, nous avons fait une enquête exploratoire identifiant les pratiques vidéo ludiques des enfants. Cette enquête a permis de sélectionner les deux jeux les plus utilisés par les enfants de cet âge : Talking TOM et POU. Notre étude porte plus particulièrement sur ces deux jeux. Un questionnaire a été diffusé au Liban et en France pour étudier la façon dont les joueurs et les non-joueurs à ces deux jeux conçoivent le vivant. Au total 916 enfants âgés de 9 à 12 ans ont rempli ce questionnaire. Au Liban, le questionnaire a été suivi de 21 entretiens avec des élèves. Les questionnaires ont été traités statistiquement afin de faire émerger les différences et les similitudes entre les populations de joueurs et de non-joueurs en France et au Liban. Les entretiens ont été analysés par une analyse thématique de contenu suivie par une analyse lexicale et ont permis une exploitation plus qualitative des résultats. Les résultats montrent que les entretiens et les questionnaires convergent fortement vers l’hypothèse d’une influence des jeux sur la construction de la notion de vie chez les joueurs des deux pays. En effet, au Liban et en France les utilisateurs de TOM et POU ont des conceptions significativement plus anthropomorphiques, animistes et anthropocentriques que ceux qui n’y jouent pasOur research is to understand the effects of video games simulating virtual animals on the concepts of life, especially the distinction between what is alive and what is not. To do this, it is a question of identifying the conceptual differences between the populations of players and non-players in virtual animal simulation video games. First, we did an exploratory survey identifying children's playful video practices. This survey allowed selecting the two most used games by children of this age: Talking TOM and POU. Our study focuses on these two games. A questionnaire has been distributed in Lebanon and France to study how players and non-players in TOM and / or POU design the living. A total of 916 children aged 9 to 12 completed this questionnaire. In Lebanon, 21 interviews with students followed the questionnaire. The questionnaires were statistically analyzed to reveal the differences and similarities between the populations of players and non-players in France and Lebanon. The interviews had been analyzed by a thematic analysis of content followed by a lexical analysis and allowed a qualitative exploitation of the results. The results show that interviews and questionnaires strongly converge on the hypothesis of an influence of games on the construction of the notion of life among players of both countries. Indeed, in Lebanon and France users of TOM and POU have significantly more anthropomorphic, animistic and anthropocentric conceptions than those who do not play it
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Andersson, Kristin. "Haren lever liksom mer än moroten : Sex gymnasieungdomars miljöetik analyseras med avseende på miljöetiska centrismer och omsorg som moraliskt motiv." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-809.
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Eftersom det inte finns något universellt rätt eller fel sätt att hantera jordens resurser så håller etiska frågor på att bli en allt viktigare del av diskussionen kring våra gemensamma tillgångar. Det övergripande syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka och beskriva gymnasieungdomars etiska tankar kring människans förhållande till naturen. För analysen används två perspektiv som står i konflikt med varandra, nämligen de miljöetiska centrismerna och ekofeminismen, som kritiserar centrismtanken.
Sex gymnasieungdomar har intervjuats i grupper om tre angående sin syn på människans förhållande till naturen. Resultatet pekar på att elevernas miljöetik är mestadels antropocentrisk, med vissa inslag av djurrättsbiocentrism, och att de ser omsorg som ett moraliskt motiv.
I diskussionen problematiseras resultatet i förhållande till de två synsätten och kopplingar görs till den svenska samhällsdebatten, media och tecknad film. Slutsatsen är att omsorgsdimensionen bör stärkas i naturkunskapsundervisningen eftersom den idag är en outnyttjad resurs i fråga om att skapa engagemang för miljöfrågorna, men att man samtidigt inte får glömma bort att fakta utgör en viktig del av välgrundade beslut.
Solving environmental issues is not only a matter of good knowledge but also of ethics, since there is no absolute right or wrong in man’s way of handling nature. To be able to design a science education that meets governmental requirements and enables the students to participate in future environmental discussions it is important to be aware of their own ethic reflections. The over all aim of this study is to describe and survey the environmental ethics of students in the age of 16-19 years.
Six students at the age of 16-19 was interviewed concerning their opinion on man’s relationship to nature. The result shows that the environmental ethics of these students is mostly anthropocentric with a certain amount of animal rights biocentrism and that they consider care to be a moral reason.
The result is discussed in relation to the two different perspectives and the author makes connections to social debate, media and cartoons. The conclusion is that the perspective of care should receive more attention in science education. Care is today an unused resource of involvement to environmental issues. Finally the author pinpoints the fact that also good knowledge is absolutely necessary when making sensible decisions.
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Row, Sean M. "Teleology in Political Contexts: An Assessment of Monte Ransome Johnson’s “Aristotle on Teleology”." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1245252903.
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Wedel, Elsa. "Biology in Swedish Upper Secondary School : Does it Contribute to Ecocentrism?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för fysik, kemi och biologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-157624.
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Environmental issues are increasingly on the agenda and education is recognised as an important part in turning the negative trend. Originally formulated in 1976, the intent of environmental education was toprotect the nature from human impact and to induce in students a sense of the natural worlds’ own values.However, this has come to change during the years and the focus now lies on the values that nature possess for humans, in the shape of education for sustainable development. Though creating a concern for the environmental issues, critics point out that the anthropocentric attitude is not as strongly committed to protecting the nature as the ecocentric attitudes are, and therefore suggest that ecocentrism should be included in the curriculums. Assuming that biology in Swedish upper secondary school is the only subject where such values may be considered this study examines whether there is a significant difference between students who undergo these classes and students who do not, in terms of their attitudes. The study was divided in two parts, where firstly a content analysis was performed to confirm that biology was indeed the only subject to include ecocentric values, and secondly a comparative study was performed with students (n=82) taking biology and students not taking biology in Swedish upper secondary school. The results imply that biology is unique in including ecocentric attitudes, however, not to the extent that was expected. Furthermore, the results reveal that there is no significant difference between students taking the biology classes and students who do not, implying that the subject biology is not successful in increasing students ecocentric attitudes.
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Seeds, Matthew L. "Discourses in Disanthro Studies." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1511347460756042.
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Jalali, Saman. "Oppressing Nature : A Study of Gretel Ehrlich’s The Solace of Open Spaces." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1362.
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As the population of the earth expands the natural world shrinks in order to give space to our growing population. This is a problem since humans have a big part in the destruction of natural habitats. In Gretel Ehrlich’s The Solace of Open Spaces we find a close interaction between human culture and nature. The Solace of Open Spaces can be categorized as creative non fiction, and with this is mind I intend to employ a theoretical approach called ecocriticism when analyzing The Solace of Open Spaces. The following essay will examine how the narrator of The Solace of Open Spaces has depicted the relation between nature and culture. The study will be conducted by a close reading of The Solace of Open Spaces. Other than the close reading a series of important articles and websites have been consulted for further information regarding certain keywords and concepts. Important keywords which are found throughout the essay are: anthropocentrism, cowboy, culture, dualism, nature and sheepherder. My initial theory is that even though it might not be intended, a nature and culture dualism is present in The Solace of Open Spaces. I base the assumption on my belief that all humans objectify nature and see nature as a possession. The aim of the essay is to establish whether there is a nature and culture dualism present in The Solace of Open Spaces.
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Åsman, Sofia. "Människan och Naturen i Mary Shelleys Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Estetisk-filosofiska fakulteten, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-16426.
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Denna uppsats ämnar med hjälp av av teorier från ekokritik och posthumanism besvara frågorna hur Mary Shelley i sin roman skildrar relationen mellan natur och människa, samt hur man med utgångspunkt i Frankensteins monster (i uppsatsen refererad till som Skapelsen) kan diskutera begreppet människa. Med ekokritik menas här att studera det mänskliga jämfört med det ickemänskliga samt att också diskutera detta mänskliga, vilket är en av huvudpoängerna inom posthumanism. Den vetenskapssyn och natursyn som var gällande på Mary Shelleys tid var antropocentrisk, en världsåskådning som alltid utgår ifrån människan, och som oftast ger människan högre status än allt annat. I romanen skildras detta genom Kapten Waltons syn på sitt upptäcktsresande, och Victor Frankensteins önskan att besegra döden, eller naturen, genom att skapa en ny varelse, för vilket han får plikta med sitt liv, då han inte klarar det hårda klimatet vid Nordpolen. Det blir alltså naturen som dödar honom. I detta kan ses Mary Shelleys kritik mot ett oansvarigt utforskande av naturen och dess processer. Vid försök att diskutera konceptet människa kan upptäckas att en definition lätt motarbetas genom att inte alla människor passar in på denna definition, och att det också kan finnas andra varelser som helt eller delvis gör det. Saken kompliceras dessutom av att en maskin, en robot, eller en artificiell intelligens, numera kan fungera mycket likt en hjärna, och att den mänskliga hjärnan beskrivs som en serie elektrokemiska impulser. Vi leds att acceptera Derridas tanke att människa inte är något som går att definiera. Även denna diskussion kan ses som antropocentrisk, vilket är en av svårigheterna; att bortse från sin egen kulturs världsåskådning.The main focus of this essay is to attempt to answer the questions of how Mary Shelley, in her novel Frankenstein or the Modern Prometheus, portrays the relationship between man and nature, and how Frankensteins creature can serve as a starting point in a discussion of the term human. The theories of ecocriticism - here described as the study of the relationship between human and nonhuman - and poshumanism, which contains the premisses for discussing this human, reveal many interesting things about the novel. The scientific approach to the world, and by extension, nature, can in Shelleys novel be considered anthropocentric, which is portrayed as a damaging world-view. Attempts to discuss the concept of human reveals that any definition can be met with resistence and objections. Not all humans meet the criteria of a certain definition, and there may be other creatures that do. The conclusion here may be that the human simply cannot be defined properly.
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Sköllerhorn, Erland. "Habermas kommunikativa handlingsteori för studier av miljöpolitik : ett kulturteoretiskt förslag." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-65886.
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During the last 50 years, western European societies have been successful in creating economic growth, a functioning democracy and uniting these with social welfare. At the same time, environmental problems have become a major political challenge. Although some measures have been taken to introduce environmental protection, there continue to be serious problems. These can be related to democratic priorities and public information in the sense that they may, amongst other things, be a result of misinformed democratic publics. Jürgen Habermas's work is important for our understanding of how environmental problems can be managed better than today if, contrary to the ecoauthoritarian ideas, we consider that the solution to these problems calls for more democracy and better democratic forms. One can argue that his theory of communicative action makes it difficult to ignore him in debates about today's environmental problems. There are, nevertheless, three difficulties associated with developing a model based on Habermas's theory. Critics argue that, firstly, his theory has theoretical weaknesses; secondly, it is formulated in a way which makes empirical analysis impossible; and, thirdly, it cannot explain the rise of environmental protests and environmental movements, even if Habermas has this ambition. In the thesis, it is considered that environmental problems are political-cultural questions. Accordingly, a political cultural theory is constructed to interprete Habermas's ideas and assess the arguments of his critics. This theory consists of assumptions about notions and types of language-use used in co-ordinating collective action. It is built on the following variables: view of knowledge, view of social values and nature, and view of language-use. It is argued that Habermas's ideas can be defended, if one elaborates a political subculture that is biocentric (nature-centred), as a complement to anthropocentrism (a human-centred view of nature). Thus, his theory of communicative action can be used to develop a cultural model for empirical studies of environmental policy processes. The model consists of three cultural ideal types: anthropocentric material; anthropocentric immaterial; and biocentric immaterial. Obstacles to social learning and public participation, such as forms and styles of reasoning and the exclusion of citizens, are brought into focus. Finally, the model functions as a criticism of a neo-liberal view of environmental problems. Such a view lacks concepts for understanding how individuals consciously can co-ordinate their ideas and individual actions into a collective action.digitalisering@umu
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Prattley, Hadassa. "Defamiliarising the Zoo : Representations of Nonhuman Animal Captivity in Five Contemporary Novels." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Humanities, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8484.
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While human-animal relations have always been part of human cultures the public zoo is a relatively recent phenomenon that reflects very specific elements of Western cultures’ modern ideas about, and relationships with, nonhuman animals. By becoming such a familiar part of popular culture the zoo naturalises these ideas as well as certain modes of looking at and interacting with animals. In this thesis I argue that as literary works contemporary novels provide a valuable defamiliarisation of zoos which encourages the re-examination of the human attitudes and practices that inform our treatment of nonhuman animals. Through my analysis of J.M. Ledgard’s novel 'Giraffe', Diane Hammond’s 'Hannah’s Dream', Lydia Millet’s 'How The Dead Dream', Valerie Martin’s 'The Great Divorce' and Ben Dolnick’s 'Zoology' I explore the inherently anthropocentric social construction of nonhuman animals in human discourses and the way the novels conform to or subvert these processes. I demonstrate that nonhuman animal characters are constructed through a process of identification which involves naming, recognising the existence of their emotions and mediating their nonhuman forms of communication. Anthropocentric tendencies both aid and hinder this identification, for example the human valuing of sight over the other senses that sees eyes become important literary symbols and the gaze a crucial part of interaction and attributing meaning. Gaze and observation are also fundamental to the concept of the zoo where human treatment of nonhuman animals is represented in visual terms in the relationship between powerful spectator and disempowered object. Drawing on texts from multiple disciplines I argue that the anthropocentric nature of socially constructed nonhuman animals in human discourses means that any study of these animals is actually concerned with the human ideologies and processes that create them; as a site of captivity that markets wildness and freedom the paradoxical nature of the zoo provides the literary setting for an exploration of these themes.
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Smitz, Mikael. ""En by är ingen lagård" : en undersökning av människa/djur-relationen i Sara Lidmans Tjärdalen." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för kultur och lärande, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-29237.
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The intention of this study is to investigate the human/animal-relation as a power relation in Sara Lidman’s novel The Tar Pit (Tjärdalen, 1953). With regard to the contemporary theory of posthumanism and its critique of the centrality of “the human” in the humanities, the aim is to seek and produce more-than-anthropocentric knowledge. Using queer and feministic theoretical concepts concerning dichotomy and hierarchy voiced by Yvonne Hirdman, Val Plumwood, Greta Gaard and Ann-Sofie Lönngren, this study gets to grips with anthropocentrism as a structure of power. In literary scholarship animals are often expected to serve as metaphors, and thus, the possibility of animals signifying “actual” animals tend to be overlooked. This study’s objective is therefore, using a text interpretation modelled by Eve Kosofsky Sedgewick and a method proposed by Ann-Sofie Lönngren, to focus on the surface of the text. In the analysis of The Tar Pit it appears that animals is attributed “low status” in relation to the human and that the humans ascribe animals with instrumental value. The power relation between humans and animals in the novel is based on the split between “the human” and “the animal”, and also the notion that humans constitute the norm and are hierarchically superior. Furthermore the analysis show that transgressive activity between categories “human” and “animal” is illustrated as something wrong and the concept of “the animal” and “animality” is displayed as an imperative function in telling the story of The Tar Pit. Finally the analysis depicts examples of animal acts of resistance against the prevalent order of things.
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Razulytė, Monika. "GYVŪNŲ TEISĖS – ANTROPOCENTRIZMO KRITIKA." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100928_102943-47204.
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Tiriamojo darbo tikslas - išanalizuoti gyvūnų teises filosofinių ir socialinių diskursų kontekste, pagrindžiant jas kaip antropocentrinės tradicijos kritikos išraišką. Tyrimo eigoje paaiškėjo, kad gyvūnų teisių teorinę koncepciją galima skirti į dvi kryptis: gyvūnų gerovė ir gyvūnų teisės. Gyvūnų gerovės kryptis reikalauja humaniškesnio elgesio su gyvūnais praktikos, tuo tarpu gyvūnų teisių ideologija reikalauja gyvūnams prigimtinių teisių: į gyvybę ir į laisvę. Praktinis šių koncepcijų įgyvendinimas globaliu mastu prasidėjo tik prieš kelis šimtmečius ir šiandiena tebėra aktualus. Vis didėjantis vegetarų, judėjimų už gyvūnų teises pasaulyje skaičius rodo efektyvią tokių tarptautinių organizacijų kaip PETA prevencinę ir švietėjišką misiją kelti žmonių sąmoningumą ir ieškoti gyvūnų išnaudojimo problemų sprendimo būdų. Deja, mūsų šalyje dar trūksta ir pilietinių iniciatyvų, ir valstybinių institucijų noro spręsti šias problemas. Todėl visuomenė vis dar skeptiškai vertina norą gyvūnams suteikti kokias nors teises, nes įsisenėjusi antropocentrinė pasaulio tvarka kai homo sapiens traktuodamas save kaip didžiausią vertybę ir iškeldamas virš visų kitų būtybių pavertė jas savo interesų tenkinimo šaltiniu. Todėl pagarba ne-žmogaus gyvybei, t.y. pripažinus gyvūno pagrindines prigimtines teises yra suspenduojamas žmogaus veiklos laukas ir gyvūnų eksploatacija trukusi ištisus amžius pripažįstama kaip neteisinga ir nemorali.The purpose of this work is to analyze the rights of animals in the context of philosophical and sociological discussions and discourses, justifying these rights as an aspect of traditional anthropocentric critique. Research divides the theoretical concept of the rights of animals into two aspects: the “welfare of animals” and the “rights of animals”. The “welfare of animals” requires humane treatment of animals while the “rights of animals” are endowed at birth – to live and to be free. The practice of these two aspects globally started just a few centuries ago and is still relevant today. An increase in the number of vegetarians and the number of animal rights groups show the effectiveness of organizations such as PETA in their mission to educate, prevent animal cruelty, increase awareness, and to search for solutions against animal exploitation. Unfortunately, in our country there is still of shortage of initiative from citizens and willingness from government institutions to resolve animal exploitation issues. Society for the most part is still both skeptical and uncaring if animals have rights because of an ingrained anthropocentric hierarchical view where Homo sapiens esteem themselves with the highest value and raise themselves above other creatures rendering them merely as a resource to fulfill their needs. The honoring of all species with equal value would result in acknowledging animal rights endowed at birth. This in turn must call for a cessation of animal... [to full text]
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Nathanson, Thulin Alicia. "Climate Policy in the European Union in Times of Crisis : A Frame Analysis of Climate Policy in the EU During the Covid-19 Crisis." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-452912.
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This thesis examines the EU´s framing of its climate policies before and during the Covid-19 crisis. Based on previous research concerning economic crises and climate policy in the EU, it is expected that environmental policy will be downgraded in importance or set aside during a severe crisis. The research question is analyzed through a frame analysis of official EU documents concerning climate and economic recovery from the Covid-19 crisis. The thesis finds that the European Union mostly frames its climate policies in terms of a ‘green transition’, by means of a ‘just transition’ and by principles of a ‘circular economy’, before and during the Covid-19 crisis. The results suggests that the Covid-19 crisis has not weakened, or substantially changed the framing of climate policies in the EU, at the time of writing. In contrast, the crisis is often framed as an opportunity to accelerate the transition towards a sustainable society. The comprehensive set of policies; the European Green Deal, the role of the Commission as a policy entrepreneur, and the increased public support for climate action are discussed as explanatory factors to why the Covid-19 crisis has not caused climate policy to be downgraded or side-lined on the political agenda.
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Тєлєгіна, Д., and Л. Хантер. "Лексичні інновації в медіадискурсі." Thesis, Сумський державний університет, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/39261.
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Проблематика мовних змін завжди була предметом наукових зацікавлень мовознавців. Невичерпним джерелом поповнення лексичного рівня системи мови, який серед інших мовних рівнів є найвідкритішим для інновацій, є сучасний медіапростір, що репрезентує публіцистичний стиль мовлення сучасної мови.
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Crowther, Rebecca Louise. "Journeys to the ideal self : personal transformation through group encounters of rural landscape in Scotland." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28941.
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This thesis focuses on explaining why group encounters with rural landscapes in Scotland are deemed to be positive for mental wellbeing. The relationship between greenspace and human wellbeing is a phenomenon that researchers across multiple disciplines are grappling with, though little research engages qualitatively. This thesis clarifies, ethnographically, why some people make excursions into rural spaces and why these excursions are believed to be positively transformational and associated with mental wellbeing. It outlines motivations for engaging in excursions from urban central Scotland to areas in rural Scotland. My research explores the intangible, ineffable and ephemeral experience of case study groups in ‘natural’ rural landscapes and what is relevant in the relations between the self and non-human in these circumstances. This thesis describes how and why group interactions within ‘natural’ space is adopted as a positive self-transformation strategy. It considers the ‘nature experience’ as relational between the self, the social and place - with what constitutes the social as ambiguous within case study interaction. This project was multi-sited: I travelled with my case study groups to rural spaces around the lowlands, highlands, and islands of Scotland. Case studies were multiple and diverse: A community living initiative, a youth development project, a mental health initiative, a forestry management project, and a loose community of artistic, neo-shamanic and psychotherapeutic practitioners. To remain responsive to my research communities and their activities I have developed a framework for a serendipitous ethnography which is outlined within the thesis. This project adopted a transdisciplinary research strategy, engaging with a theoretical framework spanning psychotherapy, psychology and eco-psychology, sociology, philosophy, human geography, anthropology and outdoor education as well as landscape and performance studies. This transdisciplinary thesis contributes to understandings of human and nature connectedness providing an account of cognitive, social and cultural experience. Primarily, this research was concerned with the self, the perception of the ideal and ought self in relation to motivations to journey in this manner and the self as part of a group and within the landscape as a dynamic and relational subject. I have considered the sense of self within these experiences as a metaphorical liminal site. I have discussed the group collectively as a site of dynamism and thus liminality. I then argue that this allows for the way that the landscape is perceived to be a site of liminality. With this we see the importance of temporality and structure, or indeed anti-structure, within these excursions as something which aids in the perspective that they are transformative. I have considered notions of perceived affordance and how this changes throughout experience with the increasing ability to associate ideas and abstract experience within one’s personal narrative. I explain how each group differs in how they perceive the rural landscape as something to instrumentalise, personify or anthropomorphise. With this comes an exploration of complex anthropocentric mindsets and the influence of these ways of thinking on experience. I suggest that individuals choose to journey to ‘natural’ rural environments to self-verify an aspect of their ought or ideal self with a desire to re-imagine the self through engagement with others. In self-verifying one’s ideal or ought sense of self, finding a sense of belonging within a group and believing oneself to be doing something good in relation to the ‘natural’ rural space, individuals and groups experience a sense of personal and social transformation.
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Sandström, Johan. "Organizational approaches to greening : technocentrism and beyond." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-65798.
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How and why do organizations approach greening? How can we conceptualize approaches and how can we encourage reflexive dialogues on them? These are the main questions addressed in this qualitative study on organizational greening. The study sets off by discussing matters of research philosophy, arguing that our trust in science ought to be revised and that a more postmodern and constructionist philosophy might be a way to go. This is then followed by a theoretical review, showing that organizational studies have a history in environmental issues, but that it is basically technocentric in orientation. A more reflexive organizational approach is suggested. The empirical part of the study is based on qualitative research of five case studies, representing a mix of organizations situated in Sweden, all with an explicit ambition to approach greening. The analyses target the organizations' approaches from practice to assumptions, pointing at the commonalities as well as the tensions. Basically, greening was an issue for all studied organizations, but an increasing pressure to market-orient their operations in line with the business rhetoric dominated their identity construction. The environment was included if there were opportunities of win-win situations between environment and economy in sight. Once embarked upon, the organizations tended to focus on technocratic practices, developing or implementing management systems, product development indexes, life-cycle methodologies and other tools. On a more philosophical level, in the study referred to as the worldview level, the approaches were predominandy characterized by a representative epistemology and a dualistic ontology, that is, they were clearly anthropocentric. With a base in these findings, an alternative approach is discussed as a way out, or as a way of constructing a reflexive dialogue on greening. This is partly based on the tensions within and between the cases, which encouraged reflections on how greening was approached. In the alternative, organizations are seen as actors on a symbolic agora where transparency, participation and self-reflexivity are keys to organizational legitimacy. This view frames organizations in the dominating approach as agoraphobic producers of materialistically dependent satisfiers. The alternative also targets the limits of a preference and materialistically oriented view on die satisfaction of human needs. Instead, it is argued that environmental and cultural sensitivity should be acknowledged as natural parts of organizational greening. This, however, demands more room for reflexive dialogues encouraging ontological awareness and a respect for more ecocentric views.digitalisering@umu
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Leventi-Perez, Oana. "Disney's Portrayal of Nonhuman Animals in Animated Films Between 2000 and 2010." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/communication_theses/81.
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This paper used the constant comparative method to examine the 12 animated features released by Disney between 2000 and 2010 for: (1) their representation of nonhuman animals (NHAs) and the portrayal of race, class, gender, and speciesism within this representation, (2) the ways they describe the relationship between humans and NHAs, and (3) whether they promote an animal rights perspective. Three major themes were identified: NHAs as stereotypes, family, and human/NHA dichotomy. Analysis of these themes revealed that Disney’s animated features promote speciesism and celebrate humanity’s superiority by justifying the subordination of NHAs to human agency. Furthermore, while Disney’s representation of NHAs remains largely anthropocentric, most of its animated features do not reflect the tenets of animal rights.
37
van, Popering Ruben. "Jain Vegetarian Laws in the City of Palitana : Indefensible Legal Enforcement or Praiseworthy Progressive Moralism?" Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Centrum för tillämpad etik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-119663.
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The city of Palitana, India, has become the first region known to legally install de facto meat bans, essentially making Palitana a vegetarian city by law. These legal steps seem to be the direct result of social pressure put on local legislators in the form of a mass hunger strike performed by local Jain monks. This thesis is aimed at discussing the background of this case, its connections to a broader general discussion of moral and ethical vegetarianism, and arguments in favor of and against the legal installment of a meat ban in the Palitana case. It is concluded that although the meat ban is ideologically and theoretically speaking ethically justifiable and defensible it is in practice, at least in its current form, not ethically desirable.
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Thorström, Tony. "Aux frontières de l’anthropocentrisme : la présence animale dans les romans de Michel Houellebecq." Licentiate thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för moderna språk, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-283482.
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This dissertation sets out to explore the animal presence in the novels of contemporary French writer Michel Houellebecq. Focusing on this often overlooked aspect in the growing number of publications dedicated to Houellebecq’s literary production, this study argues that the presence of animals is central to understanding how his novels are structured around borders between not only animals and humans but also between humans themselves. By pitting animals against humans the novels simultaneously show how these borders are created within the narratives only to be repeatedly broken down and/or transgressed. Whereas in previous research a posthumanvision in Houellebecq’s works has been largely attributed to the theme of a technological surpassing of the human, this study advances the idea that animals constitute an inherent part of Houellebecq’s questioning of an anthropocentric worldview. The first chapter of the thesis, which lays the foundation for the study, explores how descriptions structure two major ways in which animals are present: either as a backdrop setting where the characters, while trying to maintain the border between themselves and animals, are transformed into observers of animals in their natural habitat, or as metaphors used to describe appearances and seemingly unwanted personality traits of some of the characters. The second chapter expands on the idea of a frontier between animals and humans but contrary to the previous chapter it studies the porosity of these borders by showing how humans and animals are depicted and narrated in similar ways. Drawing on the theories of Giorgio Agamben, Dominique Lestel and Tristan Garcia the study concludes by proposing to read Houellebecq’s novels both as a form of life stories relating a common history between animals and humans and as an attempt to highlight the untenable project of maintaining an anthropocentric worldview.
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Nygårds, Nanette. "Dislike for insects align with human-centered and anti-egalitarian beliefs." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för lärarutbildning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-21542.
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An outgroup can be defined as that which is perceived as different or dissimilar from oneself. The Interspecies Model of Prejudice (TIMP) predicts that negativity to human outgroups align with animal negativity. Human-centered and anti-egalitarian beliefs have shown to correlate with outgroup rejection. Experiencing a close relationship to nature has, on the other hand, been linked to outgroup acceptance. The aim of this study was to investigate the valuation of animal charismatic appeal overall, and as a function of outgroup acceptance - rejection. An online survey collected data on animal image ratings, attitude instruments, psychosocial and demographic factors from 231 high school senior students in the greater Stockholm area. Images of human-similar (anthropomorphic highcharismaticmammals) versus human-dissimilar (feral low-charismatic insects) animals were used to, respectively, predict the attitudes anthropocentrism, ethnocentrism and nature relatedness. Overall, mammals were rated significantly more positively than insects. The findings also suggest support for TIMP. It may be inferred that animal charismatic appeal is linked to individual differences in outgroup cognitions. Anthropocentrism and ethnocentrism associated negatively with general animal liking, and were predicted by insect negativity once significant covariates adjusted the models. Nature relatedness correlated positively with animal liking and was predicted by insect positivity. Our valuation of animal charisma may, thus, be linked to our appraisal of their more or less human-like qualities. Our valuations are proposed as underlied by identification mechanismsthat may guide our varying tendencies to divide the world into ‘us and them’. The findings could be informative of psychological factors involved in intergroup behaviors and environmental concerns.
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FERRANTE, ALESSANDRO PETER. "L'educazione nell'età della tecnica. La prospettiva post-umanista e le implicazioni pedagogiche della crisi dell'antropocentrismo." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/52917.
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During the second half of the 20th century, several different theoretical approaches inside both philosophy and human sciences undermined humanistic and anthropocentric western tradition. These approaches offered a renewed perspective on human beings and their relationships with the non-human world. In doing this, they gained also from the international debate among several other disciplines, such as ecology, robotics, cybernetics, systems theory, complexity epistemology, structuralism, poststructuralism, ecocentrism, biocentrism, zoocentrism, ecofeminism, and – more recently – actor-network theory and post-human, just to mention a few. As a result, they took the distance from human-centered perspectives, which look at human beings as the only center of their concerns. According to anthropocentrism, human beings are unique, specials, privileged, separated, opposed to non-human entities and superior than them. This way of representing humans is no longer considered as adequate to contemporary globalized, multiethnic, hi-tech societies in which several technological, scientific, cultural, and existential changes deeply and quickly modified our way of living and thinking.
Particularly, post-human is one of the most debated and controversial, and at the same time original and promising, interdisciplinary perspectives at present day. It considers the technological background behind contemporary changes, and moreover take a second critical look to the relationship between humans and the non-human world. Post-human tends indeed to go beyond ontological, epistemological, and ethical anthropocentrism that still influences the way in which we interpret the relationship between humans and – biological and mechanic – otherness. It also helps in switching the focus of several disciplines from humans to the relationships between humans and the non-human world. For this latter reason especially, it is one of the most important approaches to the rethinking of pedagogy outside of the humanistic framework. It can also help in providing solutions to the crises that affect the discipline nowadays.
Moving into this debate and acknowledging the historical and cultural background of the age of technology, in my research I analyze and deconstruct philosophical assumptions and pedagogical implications of anthropocentrism. I then explore ethical and epistemological values that post-human can have for education. Drawing on both Riccardo Massa’s thought and post-human pedagogical studies, I also present a theoretical approach to redefine the main object of pedagogy in a world in which the rise of techno-science is parallel to the decline of humanistic tradition. Thus, education can be described as a particular network (or “dispositif”) produced by the dynamic interaction of both human and non-human elements, which should endorse a non-anthropocentric ethic.
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Ozer, Mahmut. "On The Possibility, Necessity, And Practicability Of Leopold'." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614007/index.pdf.
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In this work, I scrutinize Leopold&rsquos land ethic and Callicott&rsquo
s interpretation of it both from normative and meta-ethical perspectives by making textual and conceptual analyses. Leopold suggests that an ethic which makes us responsible for the protection of whole nature is evolutionarily possible and ecologically necessary. Callicott tried to buttress Leopold&rsquo
s land ethic by developing a nonanthropocentric axiology and some meta-principles. Moreover, in his view, Leopold&rsquo
s views are not only compatible with nonanthropocentric axiology but also imply it. I show that Leopold did not build the land ethic on nonanthropocentrism and he did not enforce attribution of intrinsic value to nature and its constituents. I argue that weak anthropocentrism is quite compatible with Leopold&rsquo
s views, and it provides a way to maintain normative power of land ethic without being ecofascistic. Furthermore, I discuss that Leopold might not have objected attribution of intrinsic value to nonhuman beings although he primarily referred to instrumental values of nature. Moreover, I argue that Leopold preferred a middle position between the concepts of preservation and conservation. As a man of practical wisdom Leopold has always tried to find middle and practicable ways between opposing extremes to harmonize human realm with nonhuman one and to grow the embryo of the conservationist movement. Finally, I argue that Leopold&rsquo
s land ethic is a human ethic which requires human moral agents to accept responsibility for protecting whole nature in order to attain good life.
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Elvin, Emelie. "I Am Someone : Towards a Recognition of Nonhuman Personhood in Children’s Media and Education." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för design (DE), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105309.
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From our earliest days of childhood, our exposure to certain species is confusing and contradictory, with animals like the beloved characters who fill our storybooks moulded into unrecognisable shapes and served up to us in deceptively happy packaging. With a recognition of this cognitive dissonance as a starting point, this report seeks to highlight the inconsistency of teaching children to love and respect animals whilst at the same time to accept the eating and usage of them. Whilst the topic of animal farming is finally beginning to be taken seriously in conversations about environmental sustainability, its ethical implications for both humans and nonhumans remain massively overlooked. My project aims to bring the conversation about animal rights to the forefront of our moral considerations with childhood education as an entry point. In collaboration with a primary school class (ages 9-11) and an animal sanctuary, I ran a three-part workshop designed to encourage interspecies thinking and provide a space for students to critically evaluate mainstream attitudes and assumptions towards nonhuman animals and, by extension, to question current norms surrounding animal use and consumption.
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Sjöberg, Sandra. "En miljöetisk tolkningsfråga : Hållbar utveckling i den svenska grundskolans läroplan, kursplaner och undervisning i biologi och hem- och konsumentkunskap." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-33015.
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Idag står vi inför utmaningen att leva inom vår planets gränser. För att uppnå en hållbar utveckling krävs det en förändring i tankesätt, värderingar och livsstil menar UNESCO-UNEP. Detta kan åstadkommas genom en fundamental förändring i utbildningen från tidig barndom. Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka hur hållbar utveckling tolkas i den svenska grundskolan. Två ämnen har valts; biologi och hem- och konsumentkunskap. I uppsatsen identifieras de miljöetiska perspektiven antropocentrism och ekocentrism och hur de kommer till uttryck i förhållande till ämnestradition. De metoder som används är semi-strukturerade intervjuer av högstadielärare, dokumentanalys av läroplan och kursplaner och tematisk analys intervjuerna. Resultatet visar att i såväl läroplan och kursplaner som undervisningen framgår det att antropocentrismen har stort utrymme, då det är stort fokus på resurser, människan och samhället, i såväl hem- och konsumentkunskap som biologi. Ekocentrismen kan ses i form av uttryck i läroplan och kursplaner utifrån hänsyn och respekt för naturen, och genom att ge eleven förståelse inför valsituationer som rör hälsa och miljö. Ämnestradition har betydelse för hur hållbar utveckling tolkas i undervisningen. Biologi är naturorienterat med naturliga processer och kretslopp i fokus, vilket leder till fler ekocentriska resonemang. Hem- och konsumentkunskap har fokus på individen, hemmet och samhället, vilket ger mindre utrymme för ekocentrism. Alla lärare visade på både ekocentriska och antropocentriska resonemang. Lärarnas egna åsikter angående hållbar utveckling kan finna väg in i undervisningen, vilket anses kunna leda till större utrymme för ekocentrism i undervisningen.Today we stand before the challenge of living within our planets limits. UNESCO-UNEP argue that to achieve a sustainable development changes in thinking, attitudes and lifestyle is required. This can be accomplished with a fundamental change in education from early childhood. The aim with this study is to research how sustainable development is interpreted in the Swedish elementary school. Two school subjects have been chosen; biology and home economics. In the essay the environmental ethics anthropocentrism and ecocentrism, and how they are expressed in relations to tradition is identified. Methods used are semi-structured interviews with teachers, document analysis of the curriculum and syllabus and thematic analysis of the interviews. The results show that in the education as well as the syllabus it is clear that anthropocentrism has larger room. This because of the focal point in both home economics and biology is common resources, humans and society. Ecocentrism in the curriculum and syllabus is shown through consideration and respect for the nature, and through students’ understanding when making choices. The tradition of the school subjects has significance for how sustainable development is interpreted in the education. Biology is nature oriented with focus on natural processes and cycles, which lead to additional ecocentric reasoning. Home economics has the focal point on the individual, the home and society, which leads to less ecocentric reasoning. All teachers that were interviewed showed both ecocentric and anthropocentric reasoning. The teachers’ opinions can find way in to the education, which here is considered to the possibility of more room for ecocentrism in home economics.
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Vang, Jens. "Avenging the Anthropocene : Green philosophy of heroes and villains in the motion picture tetralogy The Avengers and its applicability in the Swedish EFL-classroom." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-86044.
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This essay investigates the ecological values present in antagonists and protagonists in the narrative revolving the Avengers of the Marvel Cinematic Universe. The analysis concludes that biocentric ideals primarily are embodied by the main antagonist of the film series, whereas the protagonists mainly represent anthropocentric perspectives. Since there is a continuum between these two ideals some variations were found within the characters themselves, but philosophical conflicts related to the environment were also found within the group of the Avengers. Excerpts from the films of the study can thus be used to discuss and highlight complex ecological issues within the EFL-classroom.
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Hübben, Kelly. "A Genre of Animal Hanky Panky? : Animal representations, anthropomorphism and interspecies relations in The Little Golden Books." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för kultur och estetik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-147503.
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This dissertation investigates the visual and verbal representations of animals in a selection of commercial picture books for a young readership of preschool children. The picture books selected are part of the Little Golden Book series. The first twelve books in this series were published in the United States in 1942 and are still in print today, while new books are continually being published. Because these popular picture books have had a broad readership from their inception and the books in the series have a uniform aesthetics, a comparative analysis provides insight into mainstream human-animal relationships. Children’s literature is never innocent, and fraught with power imbalances. Animals become political beings, not only in the sense that they convey a didactic message, but in the sense that each animal representation carries a host of ideas and assumptions about human-animal relations with it. Using a theoretical framework that is grounded in Human Animal Studies (HAS), and more specifically literary animal studies, this dissertation analyzes the representation of human-animal interactions and relationships in different contexts. Before the advent of HAS, anthropocentric, humanist interpretations of animal presence in children’s literature used to be prevalent. Commercial picture books in particular could benefit from readings that investigate animal presence without immediately resorting to humanist interpretations. One way of doing that is to start by questioning how interspecies difference and hierarchy is constructed in these books, verbally, visually and in the interaction between words and images. Based on this, we can speculate about the consequences this may have for the reader’s conceptualization of human-animal relationships. In children’s literature speciesism and ageism often intersect, for example when young children are compared with (young) animals or when animals are presented as stand-ins for young children. This dissertation explores the mechanisms behind the representation of species difference in commercial picture books. The aim of this study is to analyze how commercial picture books like the Little Golden Books harbor a potential to shape young readers’ ideas about humanity and animality, species difference and hierarchy and the possibilities of interspecies interactions. The socializing function that is an important component of all children’s books makes that these picture books can shape readers’ attitudes from an early age. When reading children’s books featuring animals, the particular way these animals are represented guides the reader towards an ideology – and in the West, this ideology is predominantly anthropocentric. In Western cultures, children and animals are commonly thought of as natural allies, and as such they are often depicted as opposed to adult culture. This dissertation identifies the ways in which certain conservative tendencies are activated by these commercial picture books, but also emphasizes that they can be a subversive space where anthropocentrism can be challenged. The case studies developed in this dissertation demonstrate how even so-called ’unsophisticated’ picture books contain interesting strains of animal related ideology worthy of in-depth analysis. The visual and verbal dimensions of these picture books show that these stories are embedded in a cultural context that helps give meaning to the animals. A recurring concern is the function of anthropomorphism and the role it plays in how we value the animals in these books. I am particularly interested in how picture books depict various degrees of anthropomorphism, because it has the potential to challenge species boundaries and disrupt the human-animal dichotomy.
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Brandão, Heloanny de Freitas. "O direito ambiental constitucional brasileiro: perspectiva da análise do discurso ecológica." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6305.
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The environment matters and its preservation have been large discussed nowadays fostering a variety of academic researches. In this term paper, a linguistic analysis of the contents of the of the Brazilian Environmental Law is proposed, regarding the art. 225 of Brazilian Constitution and its complementary legislation. From this corpus and its emerging demands it is targeted as a general scope to research the harmony between Brazilian Environmental Law and the values of the Deep Ecology included in the theoretical framework of the Ecological Discourse Analysis – EDA. This area suggests new paradigms to be pursued in which mankind establishes a closer and respectful relation with all living beings, including the comprehension of what makes part of the ecosystem. This new area possesses and suggests a holistic and integrated view of the world. In this direction, it is appealed the Econliguistic strand entitled Ecological Discourse Analysis (EDA) as the theoretical basis, which scope is the speech construction study from an ecological perspective considering a range of environment aspects, such as physical, mental and social ones, and not only the social environment reckoned in other strands. Furthermore, this aspect of analysis proposes linguistic studies based on an ideological and eco-ethic lifestyle, also having the Deep Ecology as one of its inspiration sources, thus making part of the EDA. Taking into account the analysis, it was possible comprehend that laws and principles, which assemble the corpus, reveal an embryonal tendency that follows the Deep Ecology values. Nevertheless, the manner in which laws and principles are written demonstrate a strong subordination of laws environment and environment principles to the capitalist and anthropocentric ideologies with priority over environmental ethics, which can harm the assurance of a balanced environment.
As questões sobre o meio ambiente e sua preservação têm sido amplamente discutidas atualmente, motivando diversas pesquisas. Neste estudo se propõe uma análise linguística dos princípios do Direito Ambiental brasileiro, do artigo 225 da Constituição da República Fderativa do Brasil e de suas leis complementares. A partir desse corpus e dos questionamentos que dele emergem temos o objetivo geral de averiguar as consonâncias e dissonâncias entre Direito Ambiental brasileiro e os valores da Ecologia Profunda, incluída no arcabouço teórico da Analise do Discurso ecológica. Essa área sugere novos paradigmas a serem seguidos, em que o homem estabeleça uma relação mais próxima e respeitosa com todos os seres do ecossistema, inclusive por meio da compreensão de que faz parte do ecossistema, ou seja, ela possui e sugere uma visão holística e integralizadora de mundo. Nesse sentido, recorremos à vertente da Ecolinguística intitulada Análise do Discurso Ecológica como base teórica, cuja finalidade é o estudo da formação de discursos por uma perspectiva ecológica, incluindo em seus estudos aspectos do meio ambiente físico, mental e social, diferente de outras vertentes que se restringem apenas ao meio ambiente social. Essa vertente de estudos propõe, ainda, estudos linguísticos baseados em uma ideologia de vida e em uma ética ecológica, além de ter a Ecologia Profunda como uma de suas fontes de inspiração e, portanto, fazer parte da ADE. Pela análise, foi possível compreender que as leis e os princípios que compõem o corpus apresentam uma tendência embrionária que seguem os valores da Ecologia Profunda. No entanto, a forma como as leis e os princípios são escritos demonstram que há uma forte subordinação das leis e dos princípios ambientais à ideologia capitalista e antropocêntrica, sem que sejam priorizada uma ética ambiental, o que compromete a garantia de um meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado
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Roth, Lisa, and Fannie Petersson. "Vår jord är sjuk, kan vi rädda den? : En kvalitativ studie med fokus på en skönlitterär barnbok om hållbar utveckling i årskurs 3." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för svenska språket (SV), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-85199.
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Syftet studien är att undersöka hur en skönlitterär barnbok öppnar för samtal om ekologisk hållbar utveckling med elever i årskurs 3. Barnboken som används ochanalyseras heter Lovis Ansjovis och jorden (2017). Den analyseras genom ett ekokritiskt perspektiv och boken läses upp för elever i helklass under ett lektionstillfälle. Efter högläsningen diskuterar eleverna tankar som boken gav dem. Deras funderingar skrivs upp i en tankekarta. Tankekartan, vår observation underlektionstillfället och textanalysen, ligger till grund för studiens resultat. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten som studien grundar sig på är ekokritik. Resultatet visar att Lovis Ansjovis och jorden främst skildrar ekologisk hållbar utveckling ur ett antropocentriskt perspektiv, med små inslag av ekocentrism. Eleverna visar under lektionstillfället med bokens hjälp en medvetenhet om ekologisk hållbar utveckling, som de kan samtala om.
48
Doyle, Jessica J. "Key Concepts and Rationalities in Canada's Environmental Enforcement Act: Tensions between Environmental Protection and Economic Development." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/22813.
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This thesis first describes and analyzes the key concepts and rationalities that are dominant in the content of the Environmental Enforcement Act (EEA). The research project concludes that despite legislative shifts towards increased punishment and deterrence, key concepts and rationalities such as the importance of economic globalization, the continuation of risk-management and anthropocentric values, and the dominance of staples development can be observed in the content of the EEA. The EEA also reflects growing concerns towards managing known structural economic problems such as Canada’s staples development and economic globalization. Secondly, this thesis critically evaluates whether the EEA is likely to contribute towards the effectiveness of Canadian environmental governance strategies. The EEA is likely to be ineffective based on observations of structural challenges in environmental governance and the Canadian political economic context. Neoliberalism, economic globalization, risk management, anthropocentrism, and staples based economic development characterize the problems identified in existing research that the content of the EEA does not adequately address.
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Pequeno, Marcos Antônio Pimentel. "Entre biocentrismo e antropocentrismo: uma ecologia democrática para o enfrentamento da questão ambiental." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/5664.
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Previous issue date: 2014-03-27Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The ecological issue is one of the most disturbing and complex problems of our time because it calls into question the future of humanity. This research is the result of a reflection on the philosophical dimension of environmental issues. It has been guided by the central thesis that a democratic ecology is the political option most indicated to create the conditions that can agglutinate some needed alternatives to the confrontation of the above question. Accordingly, the general objective aims to reflect on the range and limits of a democratic ecology with a liberal nature. To accomplish this, we face as central axis of the thesis the controversy between anthropocentrism and biocentrism and its impact on various fields that characterize the complex human-nature relationship, especially in ethical and political levels. The course of this work began, in the first chapter, with a study of the theoretical assumptions of the ecological problem, which sent us to an analysis of the foundations of modernity, exposing its dualistic and anthropocentric face governed by the categoris reason and freedom.Then, the research was directed to the current ecological debate that can be synthesized around the existing controversy between biocentrism and anthropocentrism. Therefore, in Chapter2, we exposed the main authors and environmental trends that can be defined as biocentric. In Chapter3, we presented the "moderate anthropocentric" proposal with democratic and liberal nature contained in the texts of Luc Ferry, Michael Shellenberger and Ted Nordhaus. Finally, in the fourth chapter, it was made a reflection on the various dimensions of the ecological problem: ontological, ethic-political, legal, technological, sociocultural and educational; aiming to demonstrate the validity of our central thesis that recognizes the responsibility as a fundamental ethical category and the importance of education, awareness, the state's role as an environmental manager, and of the technology as auxiliary tools for coping with the afore mentioned problem. We hope, thereby, that our choice of a philosophical reflection, grounded in the perspective of a democratic ecology with a moderate anthropocentric nature, can contribute to the current ecological debate in Brazil, wich is still dominated by a largely biocentric stance.
A questão ecológica é um dos mais inquietantes e complexos problemas de nosso tempo porque põe em xeque o futuro da humanidade. Esta pesquisa é o resultado de uma reflexão acerca da dimensão filosófica da questão ambiental. Foi norteada pela tese central de que uma ecologia democrática é a opção política mais bem indicada para criar as condições que possam aglutinar algumas alternativas necessárias para o enfrentamento da referida questão. Nesse sentido, o objetivo geral visa refletir acerca dos alcances e dos limites de uma ecologia democrática de cunho liberal. Para alcançar este objetivo, enfrentamos como eixo central da tese a polêmica entre antropocentrismo e biocentrismo e suas repercussões nos vários âmbitos que caracterizam a complexa relação homem-natureza, principalmente nos níveis ético e político. O percurso deste trabalho iniciou-se, no primeiro capítulo, com um estudo dos pressupostos teóricos do problema ecológico, o que nos remeteu a uma análise dos fundamentos da Modernidade expondo a sua face dualista e antropocêntrica regida pelas categorias razão e liberdade. Em seguida, a pesquisa foi direcionada ao debate ecológico atual que pode ser sintetizado em torno da polêmica existente entre biocentrismo e antropocentrismo. Nesse sentido, no capítulo 2, expusemos os principais autores e correntes ambientais que podem ser definidos como biocêntricos. No capítulo 3, apresentamos a proposta antropocêntrica moderada de cunho democrático e liberal contida nos textos de Luc Ferry, Michael Shellenberger e Ted Nordhaus. Por fim, no quarto capítulo, foi efetuada uma reflexão acerca das várias dimensões do problema ecológico: ontológica, eticopolítica, jurídica, tecnológica, sociocultural e educacional; visando demonstrar a validade de nossa tese central que reconhece a responsabilidade como categoria ética fundamental e a importância da educação, da sensibilização, do papel do Estado como gestor ambiental, e da tecnologia como instrumentos auxiliares de enfrentamento do supracitado problema. Esperamos assim que a nossa opção por uma reflexão filosófica, assentada numa perspectiva de ecologia democrática de cunho antropocêntrico moderado, possa contribuir com o debate ecológico atual no Brasil, ainda dominado por uma postura majoritariamente biocêntrica.
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Damberg, Johanna, and Josefin Lund. "Grönstrukturens plats i staden : En studie om Karlstads centrum ekologiska infrastruktur." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för geografi, medier och kommunikation (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-74202.
Full textAbstract:
Det är allmänt känt att det sker en kontinuerlig ökning av världens befolkning och följden av detta är att städer växer kraftigt. Det medför en förtätning i stadskärnan och som en konsekvens sker en konflikt mellan grönstrukturen och nybyggnationer. Varje kommun strävar efter tillväxt och balansen för hållbar tillväxt är subtil och det är här intresset för uppsatsen grundar sig. Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka hur stor plats grönstrukturen får i planeringen av Karlstads stadskärna. För att besvara syftet studeras förtätningens olika utmaningar, samt hur ekocentrism och antropocentrismens etiska synsätt uttrycks i planeringen. Synsätten skapar en förståelse för hur och för vem stadsrummet planeras för. Det finns en skildring i planeringen där antropocentrismen under en längre tid kritiseras av ekocentrismen. Det har genomförts en kvalitativ metod för att besvara syftet och frågeställningarna. En dokumentanalys har utförts, samt en gruppintervju med representanter från Karlstads kommun. Resultatet om grönstrukturen i centrum visar sig ha många likheter mellan de olika metoderna, vilket ökar uppsatsens trovärdighet. I samband med att staden förtätas minskar gaturummet och det leder till att det skapas en konflikt mellan olika aktörers intressen för platsens användning. Aktörer har ett stort intresse av en hög ekonomisk tillväxt och det innebär att grönskan värderas lägre i planeringen mot en hållbar stadsutveckling till skillnad från bostäder, verksamheter och parkeringsplatser. Grönstrukturen saknar riktlinjer i planeringen, vilket gör att grönskan är svår att motivera när samhällsplaneringen styrs av en antropocentrisk syn. Sammanfattningsvis skapar det svårigheter när grönstrukturens plats ska motiveras i Karlstads växande stad.It´s commonly known that there is a continuous increase of the world´s population and the consequence of this is that cities are growing rapidly. This means a densification in the center of the city and a consequence of this is a conflict between the green structure and the new construction. Each city seeks for growth and the balance for sustainable development is subtle and this is where the essay found its interest. The purpose of the essay is to look over how big influence the green structure gets in the planning of Karlstads city. In order to answer the purpose, the various challenges of the densification are studied, as well as how ecocentrism and anthropocentrism ethical approach is expressed in the planning. The approach creates an understanding of how and for whom the urban space is planned. There is a depiction in the planning where anthropocentrism has long been criticized by ecocentrism. A qualitative method has been implemented to answer the purpose and the questions. A document analysis has been performed, as well as a group interview with representatives from Karlstads kommun. The result of the green structure in the city proves to have many similarities between the different methods, which increases the credibility of the essay. In connection with the city being densified, the street space decreases and this leads to a conflict being created between the various developers interests for the use of the space in the city. Developers have an interest in high economic growth and this means that the greenery is valued lower in the planning for sustainable urban development, unlike housing, businesses and parking spaces. The green structure lacks guidelines in the planning, which means that the greenery is difficult to justify when the planning of society is governed by an anthropocentric view. In summary, it creates difficulties when the location of the green structure must be motivated in Karlstad's growing city.