Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Antennae'
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Kara, Mehmet. "Microstrip antennae with various substrate thickness /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1996. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phk1778.pdf.
Full textToh, B. Y. "Heterodyne self-steering array characterization for mobile communications." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390865.
Full textKarl, Simon. "The Antennae Galaxies." Diss., lmu, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-140782.
Full textSchlub, Robert Walter, and n/a. "Practical Realization of Switched and Adaptive Parasitic Monopole Radiating Structures." Griffith University. School of Microelectronic Engineering, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040610.112148.
Full textSchlub, Robert Walter. "Practical Realization of Switched and Adaptive Parasitic Monopole Radiating Structures." Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366803.
Full textThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Microelectronic Engineering
Full Text
Neocleous, Pelagia. "Inverse methods for wire antennae." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.427821.
Full textVassilikos, Evangelos. "A study of the input impedance of travelling wave antennae." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385793.
Full textJaffar-Bandjee, Mourad. "Pheromone transport in multiscale pectinate antennae." Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR4021.
Full textIn many moth species, female adults release tiny amounts of sexual pheromone in order to attract male mates and reproduce. The quantity of released pheromone is around a few dozens of nanograms and male moths can detect it a few hundred meters away from females. As a consequence, they must be able to smell very low concentrations of pheromone. This olfactory function is carried out by the antennae. A critical step in the olfactory process is the capture of molecules from the air. This is a mass transport problem which depends heavily on the shape of the antenna. One of the most spectacular shapes, which occurs in several moth families, is the pectinate antenna. This type of antenna is also thought to be more effective at detecting pheromones than cylindrical-shaped ones. In this work, we investigated whether and how the shape of the pectinate antenna influences its efficiency at capturing pheromone molecules. We focused on one species, Samia cynthia.A pectinate antenna is a complex and multi-scale object. It has a length of 1cm and is composed of one main branch, the flagellum, which carries secondary branches, the rami. Each rami supports numerous hairs, the sensilla, which are 150µm long and have a diameter of only 3µm. Thus, the characteristic dimensions of the antenna span over four orders of magnitude, which makes the study of such objects difficult.To simplify our problem, we decided to split the pectinate antenna in two levels: the macrostructure, composed of the flagellum and the rami, and the microstructure, composed of a rami and the sensilla it bears. Both structures were scaled up and fabricated by Additive Manufacturing. The building of the rami and sensilla, which are long and thin cylinders, was a challenge as we reached the limits of the 3D-printers we used.Pectinate antenna are permeable objects, as are the macro-and microstructures. Thus, air flowing in the direction of such objects either passes through the antenna or is deflected around it. Leakiness if the proportion of flow passing through the permeable object. This parameter is important as it sets an upper limit on the pheromone captured by the antenna: molecules carried by the deflected part of the flow cannot be captured. We experimentally determined the leakiness of the macro- and microstructures at several air velocities encountered by a moth in nature using Particle Image Velocimetry.We then calculated the pheromone capture and efficiency of the microstructure by adapting a model of heat transfer to our mass transport problem. We showed that the longitudinal orientation of the sensilla is sufficient to explain the phenomenon of olfactory lens, stating that the tip of the sensilla captures more molecules than the base. We also found that the efficiency of the antenna is limited by both the leakiness of the antenna, which increases with air velocity, and the local capture, which is the proportion of molecules captured in the part of the airflow passing through the antenna and which decreases with air velocity. Eventually, the microstructure does not have a strong maximum efficiency at a specific air velocity but, instead, is moderately efficient over the large range of air velocity encountered by a moth.We developed a method with the help of FEM simulations to combine the two levels (the macrostructure and the microstructure). This method is based on the relation between drag and leakiness and allowed us to determine the leakiness of the entire antenna. We then could calculate the efficiency of the pectinate antenna and compared it with the one of a cylindrical-shaped one. We found that a pectinate design is a good solution to increase the surface contact between the air and the antenna strongly while maintaining a good capture efficiency at the velocities encountered by the moth
Bin-Ghunaim, I. R. "Travelling wave antennae in the UHF band." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379472.
Full textHassan, S. I. S. "Matching in rhombic and pseudo rhombic antennae." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378241.
Full textChristopher, Micol Huw Hillenbrand Lynne A. Scoville Nicholas Zabriskie. "Young, massive star clusters in the antennae /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2008. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-05152008-141502.
Full textSargolzaei, Parviz. "Numerical synthesis of a single offset reflector with dielectric cone feed." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242409.
Full textNair, Sidharth. "A Multiple Antenna Global Positioning System Configuration for Enhanced Performance." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1090937438.
Full textVarada, Shanmukha Shri Sri. "Neural Networks and Smart Antennae : A Case Study." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Humanities and Informatics, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-981.
Full textThis dissertation evaluates the artificial neural technique for evolving a smart antenna system. The AI techniques pose a challenging research in the field of communication. As such the antennas help to communicate with the digital processor to choose the desired signals and reject the others. It makes its own decision even to find the level of interferences and noises to be discarded by amplitude elimination process through the use of perceptron optimization algorithms like LMS (Least Mean Squares). This method helps to enhance the performance of signal processing efficiently. The design of hardware and software are quite complex. This is due to the fact, that the behaviour of the system is not fully understood being a real-time dependent system. This research work is carried only on software with certain simulated activity on beam-formation algorithm and as well, the system responses before and after using the adaptive algorithm. In this report, we try to concentrate to work on the method of adaptivity to make antenna adaptable to a virtual form of real-time environment. For, this reason a two-element antenna is used for simulation testing, as it is the most commonly used antenna for all purposes in communication. It is also tested on various scanning levels of rotation to determine the learning rate (a parameter that has no effect on the radiation output after using LMS) mean-square error rates and convergence analysis. For the purpose of above mentioned tests, three hypotheses are framed in relation to side-lobe reduction level above 5 decibels, the narrowing of the beam after adaptivity and finally the response of the main beam output for varying values of learning rate, respectivelty. The given research work, may comprehend good practical use of this LMS algorithm and also to indicate antenna patterns and the responses to adaptivity conditions through clarity in graphical format.
The method is influenced to reduce computational complexity and bring simplicity to the functionality of the antenna with more efficient and effective adaptivness. An effort to test theoretical concepts in practice is also been made in this thesis work. The results show that the antenna system can be made to evolve itself through the process of adaptation with simple behaviour by relying on artificial intelligence technique which ensures little supervision and human intereference. Eventually, it is understood that the reader should have possessed prior concepts, related to antennas, digital signal processing and its practical usage in artificially intelligent systems and as well the exceptions in it, since the work is explained in the direct level assuming so.
Butler, Sween J. "Nonlinear Light Generation from Optical Cavities and Antennae." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc984232/.
Full textCucinotta, F., F. Carniato, and L. Marchese. "Hybrid Photonic Antennae Based on Mesoporous Silica Frameworks." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2013. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/35498.
Full textPacheco, Samantha. "Electroporation of BmOR Promoters in Manduca Sexta Antennae." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146253.
Full textRenger, Thomas. "Theory of dissipative ultrafast exciton motion in photosynthetic antennae." [S.l. : s.n.], 1998. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=956125247.
Full textRenger, Thomas. "Theory of Dissepative Ultrafast Exciton Motion in Photosynthetic Antennae." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14331.
Full textThe dissipative dynamics of excitons in photosynthetic pigment--protein--complexes has been investigated in the framework of the density matrix theory. Two different model pigment--protein--complex Hamiltonians could be developed. In a first so called effective mode model the local coupling of the pigments to one effective protein mode per pigment has been considered. The full quantum motion of these effective modes was taken into account. In this way the model is capable to describe coherent nuclear motion and also memory effects in the exciton--vibrational interaction. The latter usually appear in a perturbation theory with respect to the exciton--vibrational interaction as memory integrals in the equation of motion for the dynamic variables. And often, a Markov approximation is applied, i.e. memory effects are neglected. In a non--pertubative treatment of the coupling between excitons and effective protein modes non-Markovian effects are of course included. The remaining low frequency modes of the protein and high frequency intramolecular modes of the pigments were treated as a heat bath. The coupling of pigments and effective protein modes to the heat bath was described in second order perturbation theory. This coupling includes (i) a damping of the motion of the effective modes, (ii) a modulating of the inter pigment {\it Coulomb} interactions, and (iii) internal conversion transitions between the higher excited singlet $S_n$--states and the first excited $S_1$--states of the pigments. The coupling to external light fields as well as the inter--pigment Coulomb interaction are included non--pertubatively. A microscopic description of exciton--exciton annihilation processes could be offered, which together with the non--pertubative inclusion of external fields allows to simulate the intensity dependence of non--linear optical spectra. In a second so called multi--mode model the whole exciton--vibrational interaction was described in second order perturbation theory, and the standard Redfield theory was applied in the representation of multi--exciton eigenstates of the pigment--protein--complex. Exciton relaxation in this model is characterized by the coupling weighted density of states (so called spectral density) of the low frequency protein vibrations, which form a multi--mode heat bath. The standard multi--level Redfield theory has been applied also in \cite{Kueh97} on another pigment--protein complex (LH-2). However, what is new in the present approach is the formulation of a correlation radius of protein vibrations. It enables one to charaterize how the couplings of different pigments with their local protein environments are correlated. The multi--exciton spectral density of the protein vibrations can be discussed in terms of the correlation radius and molecular spectral densities characterizing the local coupling of pigments and proteins. These spectral densities have been taken equal for all pigments, and the theory was formulated in such a way that exciton relaxation could be used for a global shape analysis of the spectral density of protein vibrations. An efficient propagation scheme for the density matrix could be developed. It allows for an exact inclusion of external fields and for a distinction of the different spatial contributions of the light induced polarization wave. An expansion of the density matrix with respect to the carrier waves of the external light fields has been carried out. The high efficiency of this method is due to the absence of the high frequency part of the external fields. Instead only the envelopes of the external fields enter the equation of motion for the expansion coefficients of the reduced density matrix. This efficient propagation scheme allowed for the treatment of up to 9 electronic states including two effective modes. Up to now in the literature a 3 electronic state system with two effective modes could be investigated \cite{Matr95}. The ultrafast exciton--vibrational dynamic in a Chla/b hetero dimer of the light--harvesting complex LHC-II of green plants has been studied within the effective mode model. From the simulation of the two--color pump--probe spectra of \cite{Bitt94} evidence could be obtained for the geometry of the optical transition dipoles of the Chla and Chlb pigments absorbing at 680 nm and 650 nm, respectively. They are arranged rather in line than like a sandwich. The measured femtosecond component in the pump--probe signal reflects the Coulomb interaction induced redistribution of oscillator strength among the one-- and the two--exciton transitions of the dimer. Changing the dipole geometry resulted in a qualitative change of the signal. The inclusion of higher excited singlet $S_n$--states of the pigments and internal conversion transitions to the first excited singlet $S_1$--states allowed for a microscopic description of exciton--exciton annihilation. Within this model the intensity dependence of the two--color pump--probe signal measured in \cite{Bitt94} could be simulated, revealing an inverse internal conversion rate of $1/R^{(\rm IC)}_{S_n\rightarrow S_1}=2.2$ ps, and a ratio of dipole moments $\mu_{S_1\rightarrow S_n}/\mu_{S_0\rightarrow S_1}=$1.19. The energy of the $S_n$--state has been taken twice the $S_1$--state energy for both pigments. Consistently to the simulation of the two--color pump--probe experiments also the 77 K one--color pump--probe experiment of \cite{Viss96} could be successfully simulated. It could be demonstrated that again the redistribution of oscillator strength by the {\it Coulomb}interaction can explain the observed switch of the sign of the signal after about 2 ps. In this time exciton relaxation between the high-- and the low energetic exciton states of the dimer occurs and a two exciton transition starting from the low energetic one exciton state becomes possible. To look for an influence of intramolecular excited state absorption of the pigments the higher excited $S_n$--state of Chl{\it a} has been shifted to reach resonance with the probe pulse. A further redistribution of oscillator strength among the two exciton states could be found. However, the principle effect is already included if only interacting two--level molecules are considered. Finally it could be demonstrated that if the effective modes are shifted into the heat bath, the simulation of the one-- and two--color pump--probe experiments gives significantly worse results. Such a simplified approach corresponds to the multi--mode model applied afterwards on the FMO--complex. Only the behavior on the femtosecond or the picosecond time scale could be understood within the simple model. For a consistent description over the whole time range memory effects in the exciton--vibrational interaction had to be taken into account. However the interaction of the Chl{\it a/b} dimer with the remaining pigments in the LHC-II monomer have been neglected. Therefore it would be interesting to compare the dimer results within the effective mode model with a multi --mode approach including all 12 pigments of the LHC-II monomer. A major difficulty arises from the fact that the geometry of the optical transition dipoles of the pigments in the LHC-II has not been resolved yet. Therefore it is difficult to estimate the mutual {\it Coulomb} interactions between the pigments. However, a promising result has been published recently in \cite{Guel97} giving estimates for the dipole geometries of the Chl{\it a} molecules. It is tempting to combine these results with the result of this work and arrange the remaining Chl{\it b} transition dipoles in such a way that within the Chl{\it a/b} dimers {\it in li ne} geometry is obtained. However first calculations up to now do not give such a consistent fit of the one-- and two-- color pump--probe experiments as it could be obtained within the effective mode model. Further work is in progress. For the bacterial light harvesting FMO complex a high resolution structural investigation allowed to give the geometry of the $Q_y$ transition dipoles of the 7 BChls \cite{Tron85,Li97}. In the standard approaches \cite{Pear92,Pear93,guelen97,Louw97} of the simulation of the linear response of FMO--complexes the homogeneous line width has been always neglected. In this work, a microscopic model of exciton relaxation formulated in the multi--mode model could be used to calculate realistic homogeneous exciton transition line shapes. Moreover, since temperature enters the density matrix theory, it was possible to simulate the temperature dependends of the spectra measured in \cite{Frei97}. A simultaneous fit of the linear absorption at two different temperatures was essential for getting the right microscopic parameter set which could be verified afterwards in the simulation of non--linear optical experiments in the time domain. These parameters include the site energies of the 7 BChl molecules, the global shape of the spectral density of protein vibrations, and the correlation radius of exciton--vibrational coupling. For the latter a value $R_c=$ 21 \AA{} could be obtained, which lies in the middle between smallest (11\AA) and largest (30\AA) center to center distances of pigments in the FMO monomer. Hence the coupling of the protein vibrations to different pigments can be characterized as partly correlated. The dependence of the exciton dynamics and linear absorption spectra on $R_c$ was investigated, and as a general trend it could be obtained that a small correlation radius enhances exciton relaxation. Using the same approach and the same parameters ultrafast pump--probe experiments of \cite{Frei97} performed at 20 K could be successfully simulated at three different probe wavelengths. The nice agreement with the measured data did allow for an estimation of the intramolecular excited state absorption of the pigments in the FMO protein. A ratio of dipole moments $\mu_{S_1\rightarrow S_n}/\mu_{S_0\rightarrow S_1}=0.5$ was obtained. This was the only parameter, which could not be determined from the linear absorption fit, since it appears only in the non--linear optical response. A closer examination of the pump--probe simulations revealed some deviations from the measured data for small delay times ($
Smith-Lefebvre, Nicolás de Mateo. "Techniques for improving the readout sensitivity of gravitational wave antennae." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77253.
Full textThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 135-143).
The detection of gravitational waves (GWs) from astrophysical sources shows promise as a new method to probe extremely energetic phenomena and test the strong field limit of the general theory of relativity. The era of the first generation of broadband interferometric GW antennae is now drawing to a close, and the construction of the second generation has begun. The Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) in the United States is one component of a worldwide array of sites designed to collectively record and analyze these GW signals. In preparation for the next major phase of operation, named Advanced LIGO, an incremental upgrade and prototyping project known as Enhanced LIGO introduced several upgrades to the initial LIGO detectors. The addition of the output mode cleaner (OMC), a critically coupled optical cavity designed to filter undesired light from the output of the interferometer before the GW signal is sensed on a photodetector, was one of these upgrades. This work describes several lessons learned as a result of the installation and commissioning of the OMC in Enhanced LIGO. The techniques described in this thesis include the development of a novel OMC alignment system designed to maximally transmit the GW signal in the presence of contamination that would confound a typical automatic alignment system, a design for a remotely controllable automatic mode matching system for the OMC, and prescriptions for reducing the presence of beam jitter noise associated with the OMC. The designs of each of the future GW detectors include the use of an OMC, thus the techniques described in this thesis will be directly applicable to achieving the maximum sensitivity of these detectors.
by Nicolás de Mateo Smith-Lefebvre.
Ph.D.
Phan, Hong Phuong. "Conception d'antennes 2D et 3D sur des matériaux flexibles." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT106/document.
Full textThe thesis was carried out within the ANR project « Stick’It » that aimed at developing new, low-cost and innovative technologies devoted to the design of 2D, 2,5D and 3D radiofrequency (RF) components including antennas printed on conformable materials. The targeted applications are primarily home-networking devices such as set-top boxes where their forms and dimensions are widely varied. Therefore, it is necessary to design antennas on flexible substrates.According to our needs for a substrate material that is flexible, low cost, with good RF properties, recycling ability, and especially ability to make 3D structures, after considering various dielectric materials for flexible electronics, paper substrate appeared to be the most suitable for our purpose.The work of this thesis conducted in three phases.In the first phase, it was the study of methods for characterization of materials to obtain their electromagnetic properties. After analysis, the method of perturbation using a cylindrical cavity was chosen for characterization of paper. The first results of this process were verified by realization and testing of simple antennas such as CPW-fed monopoles on paper and PET. Then, the measurement of E4D paper substrate was performed with 50 samples cut from various E4D paper sheets of three different thicknesses, 104 m, 210 m and 387 m. The results were analyzed statistically and gave r = 3.184, tan = 0.092.The dispersions of the results measured at 2.5 GHz are 0.25% for r and 0.26% for tan. These results were used for the next phase.In the second phase, different antennas were designed on 0.104-mm and 0.21-mm thick E4D paper including IFAs, SIW cavity-back antenna and microstrip-fed wideband monopole antennas. The prototypes were realized using screen printing technique and tested for matching property and radiation patterns.In the third phase the proposed antennas were studied in realistic package conditions, where a set-top box was made of ABS plastic with different dimensions. The first case was with two MIMO antennas orthogonally located in different ABS boxes with sufficient space, so that both of them can remain flat. The second case was a box with a restricted height, so that at least one of the antennas needs to be bent.Thus, a study of bending effect was carried out, first of all, with a simple straight dipole and a straight monopole on E4D paper, then with a wideband antenna proposed in the second phase. The study showed, that bending does not much affect the matching of the antenna over a wide frequency band. However, its radiation patterns rotate in the E-plane with a rotation angle depending on the bending location and bending angle.Then, the MIMO system of two antennas placed orthogonally in an ABS box with restricted height so that one antenna needed to be bent and another remained flat. In all cases of MIMO antenna system, we obtained good isolation (>20 dB) and Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) less than 0.05
Mao, Xin-qiang. "Analysis of thin wire scatterers and antennae in the time domain." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271350.
Full textDaccache, Layal [Verfasser]. "Capturing Irradiation with Nano-antennae: Plasmon-induced Enhancement of Photoelectrolysis / Layal Daccache." Ulm : Universität Ulm, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1137264845/34.
Full textAdhikari, Rana 1974. "Sensitivity and noise analysis of 4 km laser interferometric gravitational wave antennae." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28646.
Full textThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 203-215).
Around the world, efforts are underway to commission several kilometer-scale laser interferometers to detect gravitational radiation. In the United States, there are two collocated interferometers in Hanford, Washington and one interferometer in Livingston, Louisiana. Together, these three interferometers form the Laser Interferometric Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO). The core of the work described in this thesis is the modeling and reduction of the noise in the interferometers which limits their ultimate sensitivity. A vital component of the noise reduction is the modeling, design, and implementation of [approximately]100 feedback control systems. The most critical of these systems are described and motivated. Although improvements are continuously being made to the stability and noise character of these detectors, several months of data have been collected. Various efforts are underway to search through these data for gravitational wave signals. Included here, is a description of a search made through the data for signals from the ringdown of the quasi-normal modes of Kerr black holes. In addition, several possible future improvements to the detectors are outlined.
by Rana Adhikari.
Ph.D.
Villa, Marco. "Smart and highly phosphorescent asterisks for (bio)sensors, antennae and molecular imaging." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0540.
Full textThis thesis focuses on sulfurated luminescent materials, including phosphorescent persulfurated molecular asterisks, based on hexakis(p-tolylthio) benzene (HTTB), and a thiospherulene (a sulfurated molecular ball). Non-emissive in solution, HTTB is one of the most powerful phosphorescent emitters in the solid state, from an aggregation-induced emission (AIE). One of the objectives is to synthesize some asterisk derivatives bearing carboxylic acids at their periphery to increase their aqueous solubility, and to take advantage of the selective coordination of Pb (II) and Cd (II) ions in order to form luminescent rigid supramolecular edifices and intelligent sensors. These functions allow to anchor the asterisks inside some silica nanoparticles (NPs) to activate phosphorescence. These new NPs, whose emission is sensitive to oxygen, are dyes for in vivo imaging by two-photon excitation microscopy
Guest, Simon David. "Deployable structures : concepts and analysis." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336615.
Full textKarl, Simon [Verfasser], and Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Burkert. "The Antennae Galaxies : a key to galactic evolution / Simon Karl. Betreuer: Andreas Burkert." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1020790393/34.
Full textRouibah, Ammar. "Un modèle analytique pour l'antenne microruban rectangulaire." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209359.
Full textComme pour toute antenne, il est important de disposer pour ces antennes d’un modèle analytique qui permette une bonne compréhension du fonctionnement et fournisse de manière rapide des valeurs pour les principaux paramètres (fréquence de travail, impédance, gain, rendement et bande passante).
Au fil des ans, deux modèles, chacun comprenant de nombreuses variantes, ont été développés :le modèle dit « de la ligne de transmission » et le modèle dit « de la cavité ». Ces modèles sont soit peu rigoureux, soit complexes et donnent souvent des résultats assez éloignés de la réalité.
L’objectif de ce travail est double :définir un modèle qui soit d’une part aussi simple et direct que possible et d’autre part aussi précis que possible.
Le premier objectif est atteint dans la mesure où on n’utilise que la loi fondamentale du rayonnement des courants réels (électriques) en excluant tout recours à des courants virtuels (magnétiques).
Concernant l’objectif de précision, des comparaisons nombreuses avec des résultats d’un simulateur purement numérique et des mesures indiquent une amélioration pour tous les paramètres mais en particulier pour l’impédance qui est le point faible de tous les modèles existants.
Microstrip antennas and the rectangular microstrip antenna in particular have been studied and used for several decades.
As every antenna, the microstrip antenna requires a good analytical model that provides physical insight and an easy prediction of the antenna parameters (resonance frequency, impedance, gain, efficiency and bandwidth).
Over the years, two families of models have been developed, each involving many variants: the “transmission line” and the “cavity” models. These models either lack accuracy or are very complex and produce results that may be far away from reality.
The objective of this work is double: defining a model as simple and direct as possible and on the other hand as accurate as possible.
The first objective has been reached as all our calculations rest on the fundamental radiation formula by real (electrical) currents excluding any virtual (magnetic) currents.
Regarding accuracy, comparisons to numerical simulations and measurements show an improvement, in particular with regard to the prediction of the impedance parameters, which is the weak point of all existing models.
Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Oney, Brad. "A TDRSS COMPATIBLE TRANSMITTER WITH AGILE RF ROUTING." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/607316.
Full textAn agile RF routing system has been developed which utilizes phasing techniques to direct signal power to any one of four orthogonally mounted antennae, or either set of two antennae mounted 180° apart on a launch vehicle. The system has been integrated into a telemetry transmitter and has shown superior performance to traditional methods of antennae switching. The unit is self-correcting to maintain maximum RF power at the desired antenna port(s) across a dynamic mission environment. Due to its low loss and high reliability, this method of antennae switching provides a robust RF link.
Mengel, Sabine. "Merger Induced Starformation in the Antennae and the SPIFFI near Infrared Interal Field Spectrometer." Diss., lmu, 2001. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-3519.
Full textLoata, Gabriel C. "Investigation of low-temperature-grown GaAs photoconductive antennae for continuous-wave and pulsed terahertz generation /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=985715871.
Full textMengel, Sabine. "Merger induced star formation in the antennae and the SPIFFI near infrared integral field spectrometer." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=963926578.
Full textBeenken, Wichard Johann Daniel. "Theory of nonlinear polarization spectroscopy in the frequency domain (NLPF) with applications to photosynthetic antennae." Doctoral thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2003. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=970522789.
Full textEmara, Mahmoud M. "Reducing Threshold of Biexciton Formation in Semiconductor Nanocrystals through Their Self-Assembly into Nano-Antennae." View abstract, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3315062.
Full textOuedraogo, Samir. "Antenne Multifonction pour Radar et Communication." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC010/document.
Full textIn order to respond to the increasingly demand of new services, the objects we use on a daily basis (such as mobile phones, cars, airplanes etc.), tend to integrate more and more radio systems while the space available is limited. These radio systems require the use of many antennas that must meet multiple requirements such as compactness, isolation, costs, etc. A smart-phone, for example, contains several antennas for global navigation satellite system (GNSS), WiFi, TV, FM radio, Bluetooth, near-field communications (NFC) and the number is expected to increase as new systems are added. Another example is in airborne platforms where multiple functions such as communication, navigation, radar, electronic warfare are used. This leads to the need of reducing the number of associated antennas by regrouping several radio functions into a single antenna. However, combining the functionality of several antennas into one shared radiating element while maintaining the functionality of the various radio systems presents a great challenge. During its Ph.D, J. Euzière demonstrated the possibility to combine a radar function and a secondary function from a 16-monopole array originally dedicated to radar operation by using Time Modulated Array (TMA) technique. By this way, the two functions were operating at the same frequency and the system was powered by a single source.The main objective of this thesis is to propose a more compact antenna (a single antenna) dedicated to radar and communication operations instead of using antenna array as J. Euzière did it. The idea is to start from an existing antenna solution and make the necessary modifications to add a second function without adding additional surface and complexity. As we are interested in radar applications, we will choose a directive antenna: a horn antenna. The goal is then to study the possibility to modify the radiation pattern of the horn antenna through controllable elements (slots) and to transmit a direct modulated signal at the antenna level for the communication function. Furthermore, polarization diversity is an attractive way to increase the isolation between two applications. Thus, this aspect will be taken into account in the design of the antenna solution
Kabalan, Aladdin. "Miniaturisation et modélisation d’antennes monopoles larges bandes utilisant des matériaux magnéto-diélectriques en bande VHF." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S041/document.
Full textAirplanes with multiple navigation and communication systems require broadband VHF antennas. Reduce the size of these antennas is a major challenge while keeping good performances. This thesis proposes new configurations of low profile antennas using new nanocomposite non-conductive materials consisting of magnetic nanoparticles developed at Lab-STICC. A broadband planar monopole has been developed and optimized with a 60% miniaturization rate thanks to the use of a high permeability and low loss magneto-dielectric material covering only 5% of its surface. The experimental results, in almost perfect agreement with the simulations, show that the radiation pattern is omnidirectional and that the polarization is vertical, with a good level of gain. The planar monopole antenna inserted in a MMD of limited dimensions with losses was modeled by a new multi-resonant equivalent circuit. This circuit is developed from the input impedance of the antenna and the characteristics of the MMD. and validated by the simulations with a perfect agreement between the results
Sonkki, M. (Marko). "Wideband and multi-element antennas for mobile applications." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2013. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526201085.
Full textTiivistelmä Väitöskirjassa esitetään uusia laajakaistaisia ja monielementtiantenneja matkaviestimiin. Väitöskirja koostuu neljästä pääalueesta: pintavirtojen muototeoria, laajakaistaiset antennit, monielementtiantennit sekä laajakaistaiset monielementtiantennit. Teoriaosassa säteilykenttiä on aluksi tutkittu pallon pinnalla sekä skalaaripotentiaaleina että pintavirtavektoreina, jonka jälkeen niitä on verrattu mobiilin laitteen maatason ominaispintavirtojen synnyttämiin säteilykenttiin. Teoriaosassa osoitetaan, että pallon pinnalla sekä tasomaisella suorakaiteen muotoisella pinnalla on mahdollista herättää samat säteilykentät. Myöhemmin väitöskirjassa esitettävien uudenlaisten antennirakenteiden ominaisuuksia verrataan teoriaosassa esitettyihin pintavirtoihin ja säteilykenttiin. Teoriaosuuden jälkeen osoitetaan miten säteilevä sähkömagneettinen kenttä saadaan herätettyä laajalla taajuusalueella. Tähän on otettu kaksi eri lähestymistapaa, joista ensimmäisessä esitellään ja tutkitaan kvasikomplementaarista antennirakennetta (QCA). Kvasikomplementaarisessa antennirakenteessa sisääntuloimpedanssin imaginaariosa kompensoidaan yhdistämällä sähköinen johde ja magneettinen rako samaan antenniin. Samanaikaisesti perusmuoto herätetään laajalla taajuusalueella, jolla varmistetaan antennin hyvät säteilyominaisuudet koko toimintataajuusalueella. Toisessa lähestymistavassa käytetään kahta symmetrisesti asetettua antennielementtiä, joita syötetään symmetrisesti samalla amplitudilla ja vaiheella. Kun sähkömagneettinen kenttä herätetään symmetrisesti, korkeamman kertaluvun muotojen herättäminen voidaan välttää laajalla taajuusalueella. Symmetrisesti syötetyillä antennirakenteilla saavutettu -6 dB suhteellinen impedanssikaistanleveys on 37.5–80 %. Useita syöttöelementtejä käytettäessä voidaan mobiilin laitteen maatasossa herättää yhdellä pistetaajuudella monta toisistaan riippumatonta säteilykenttää. Koska herätetyt kentät ovat toisistaan riippumattomia, on niiden välinen korrelaatio myös pieni. Kyseisellä rakenteella on mahdollista toteuttaa säteilykuviodiversiteetti erittäin pienessä tilassa, kuten matkapuhelimessa. Toisaalta, kun yhdistetään kaksi QCA-elementtiä yhdeksi monielementtiratkaisuksi, voidaan toteuttaa laajakaistainen diversiteettiantenni, jonka suhteellinen -6 dB impedanssikaistanleveys on 87.5 %. Vastaavasti kahdella laajakaistaisella QCA-elementillä toteutetulla MIMO-ratkaisulla päästään 95 % suhteelliseen -6 dB impedanssikaistanleveyteen. Molemmilla ratkaisuilla on erittäin hyvät säteilyominaisuudet sekä alhainen korrelaatio ja pieni keskinäiskytkentä antennielementtien välillä. Suunniteltaessa toimivaa laajakaistaista antennirakennetta, on tärkeää ottaa huomioon antennisyötön impedanssisovitus, jotta antennin suorituskyky ei heikkenisi. Lisäksi balansoidussa rakenteissa tulee olla laajakaistainen baluni, jolla vältetään säteilykuvion vääristyminen. Väitöskirjan syöttöratkaisuissa on käytetty kaupallisia sähkömagneettisia simulaattoreita, joilla antennirakenne voidaan mallintaa kolmiulotteisesti, ja joilla laajakaistainen syöttö saadaan optimoitua haluttuun antenniin. Suurin osa esitellyistä antennirakenteista on simulointien lisäksi myös mitattu, jolloin niiden toimivuus käytännössä pystytään todentamaan rakentamalla prototyyppiantenni. Yleisesti väitöskirjassa esitellään tasomaisia antenniratkaisuja johtavassa maatasossa, joissa säteilevät pintavirrat herätetään mahdollisimman laajalla taajuusalueella. Ideana on löytää laajakaistaisia antenni- ja syöttörakenteita, joilla saadaan herätettyä perusmuoto tai jokin muu haluttu muoto. Ajatuksena on välttää korkeamman kertaluvun muotojen herättäminen, jotka voivat pilata antennin suorituskyvyn. Väitöskirjassa osoitetaan myös, että pienikokoisella antennilla on mahdollista herättää korkeamman kertaluvun muotoja pistetaajuudella käyttämällä useita heräte-elementtejä
Jaeck, Vincent. "Développement d’antennes de communication reconfigurables en bande C pour munitions intelligentes." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S104/document.
Full textNowadays wireless communications have become a useful and universal mean to exchange a wide range of information between different systems, some of them being moving, as UAVs among others. In this context we consider here the link between a projectile and a base station. The shape of the structure and the aerodynamic constraints involve the use of patch antennas in the conical front part. This class of antenna is easy to be integrated into the platform as a conformal array, while respecting space constraint. Communications have to be reliable and discrete in disturbed or hostile environment. Antennas array radiation patterns must have some specific characteristics, in particular in the case of flying objects with spin which involves the use of a switched phased array considering its roll position. A fixed-radiation pattern antenna may presents a relevant level or gain toward the interlocutor, but also toward sensitive directions, in which may be located others systems, interfering with the current communication. The solution to switch on and off vertical sub-arrays to steer the beam in the azimuthal plane seem convenient ant fitting the requirements of rotating platform. A conical phased array was studied and two prototypes were manufactured, one at ISL. Sub-arrays are distributed around the conical shape in order to be able to radiate in each direction. Moreover, each sub-array are composed of three radiating elements allowing to steer the main antenna beam in many direction (along the projectile fuze axes). A beam forming network was developed to control the 12 radiating elements conical array. The antenna array and the feeding network were characterized independently in order to optimized the phase of each radiating element. Finally, measurements were done on the whole system in the DGA-MI and ISL anechoic chambers and are in good agreement with simulation results
CRUZ, SIDNEY CARLOS DA. "VERIFICATION OF THE RADIATION LEVELS EMITTED BY ERBS ANTENNAE AND THE PERCEPTION OF HE CLOSE COMMUNITIES." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2005. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=8044@1.
Full textCom a implantação e disseminação de novos sistemas celulares,principalmente a partir dos anos 80, novas tecnologias foram desenvolvidas, o número de celulares cresceu de forma surpreendente, como conseqüência, o aumento de Estações Radio Base. É fato, também, que as pessoas, de modo geral, estão expostas às radiações emitidas pelas ERBs através de suas antenas. Como a população, a mais interessada na busca de respostas adequadas e convincentes, não tem qualquer controle sobre tais níveis, cabe as autoridades a preocupação maior em garantir que os níveis de exposição não sejam excedidos. A partir deste quadro preocupante a OMS estabeleceu em 1996 o International EMF Project para avaliar as evidências cientificas existentes sobre possíveis efeitos de campos eletromagnéticos à saúde,incluindo nestes os efeitos emitidos pelos próprios aparelhos celulares e por suas estações rádio-base. Este trabalho pretende contribuir no equacionamento desta questão, tão polemica e controversa. Iniciando com a evolução do número de celulares no Brasil, mostrando as funções básicas dos componentes de uma estrutura celular. No momento seguinte são mostrados alguns efeitos biológicos relacionados à radiação não-ionizante pesquisados na literatura. Tais efeitos, polêmicos e controversos, são amplamente discutidos por especialistas de diferentes linhas de pesquisa. O trabalho mostra, também, os resultados de uma campanha de medidas com as densidades de potência obtidas através de duas metodologias. Inclui, também, conceitos e características de percepção de risco e alguns resultados da pesquisa qualitativa de campo. Ao final são apresentadas as conclusões e sugestões para trabalhos futuros relacionados ao tema.
With the implantation and spread of new cellular systems, mainly starting from the eighties, new technologies were developed, the number of cellular grew in a surprising way, as consequence, the Base Stations increased, too. The people, in general, are exposed to the radiations emitted by ERBs antennae. As the population doesn't have any control on such levels, people are always looking for appropriate and convincing answers. So, the authorities are concerned in guaranteeing that the exposition levels are not exceeded. Based on preoccupying issue, the World Health Organization (WHO) established in 1996 International EMF Project to verify the scientific evidence of possible health effects of Electromagnetic Field. This work intends to contribute in the set out of this controversial subject. At first, the cellular number evolution in Brazil is presented. In addition, the basic cellular structure components functions are described. The following topic presents some biological effects related to the non-ionizing radiation are presented according to the literature. Such controversial effects are discussed thoroughly by specialists of different research lines. This work also shows the power densities results obtained through two methodologies. Afterwards, concepts, risk perception characteristics and some results from a qualitative research are presented. At the end, the conclusions and suggestions for future works related to the same theme are shown.
Scattone, Francesco. "Phased array antenna with significant reduction of active controls." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S168/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to exploit the leaky-wave phenomena to enhance the performance of classical aperture antennas for space applications. Here, we consider planar configurations where the leaky modes are excited between a ground plane and a partially reflective superstrate. Arrangements of small apertures opening on the ground plane are used to feed the antennas under study. The superstrate-like leaky-wave structures are developed in array or phased array configurations, considered of interest in terms of flexibility of the system for next generation satellite links. In order to efficiently study planar leaky-wave arrays, we have developed an analysis tool based on a Green's function spectral approach. The developed tool allows to precisely analyze the proposed structure by taking into account the impact of the mutual coupling among the elements on the radiation performance of the whole antenna. In addition, it can handle extremely large structures in terms of wavelengths with a small computational effort with respect to commercial tools. In particular, the gain enhancement of leaky-based structures can pave the way to the reduction of the number of elements of the associated phased arrays. In a leaky-wave configuration each element of the array will radiate with a larger equivalent aperture allowing a larger spacing among elements without affecting the final gain of the whole structure. This aspect is particularly important in the case of phased arrays, where phase shifters and control cells are, typically, the most expensive components of the system. As extensively explained in the manuscript, antennas for user segment might find the highest benefit by using leaky-wave solutions. Besides the gain enhancement, the leaky-wave technology can be effectively exploited to conveniently shape the radiation pattern by properly engineering the design parameters of the antenna. This capability can be used in phased arrays to generate a convenient element pattern to minimize the scan losses and filter the grating lobes appearing in the visible space when dealing with periodicities larger than a wavelength. Therefore, a synthesis procedure for thinned leaky-wave arrays is presented in the manuscript. Also, a novel array configuration, the irregular superstrate array, is presented. The irregular superstrate allows the reduction of the side lobes of the antenna below -20 dB in the considered 2.5 % band, using a uniform excitation. This last configuration clearly shows that the shaping capability of leaky-wave antennas is the most appealing feature to be used in phased array solutions
Herrera, Contreras Cinthya Natalia. "How do the large-scale dynamics of galaxy interactions trigger star formation in the Antennae galaxy merger?" Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00800077.
Full textPerotoni, Marcelo Bender. "Projeto e desenvolvimento de lentes discretas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2005. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3140/tde-25072005-081712/.
Full textThe object of this work is the study, design, development, fabrication and measurement of discrete lens arrays (DLAs). These devices act as radiant systems, especially with multi-beam characteristics. Their construction follows the same procedures and techniques normally found in printed circuit fabrication, with some further details that are pertinent to the antenna and planar circuit field. This study contains the design equations and general remarks as to fulfill preliminary technical specifications. Two real designs were developed, one in the X-band (8GHz) and another in the millimeter range, Ka band (40GHz). Their respective measurement results are presented, which proved their possible application in multi-beam systems, as well as their focusing effect, which is analogous to that observed in common optical lenses.
Bui, Do Hanh Ngan. "Antennes souples imprimables pour la récupération de champs électromagnétiques ambiants." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT062/document.
Full textInternet-of-Things means a growing development of interconnected objects that are likely to change many services within the industry as well as for the individual. Several barriers, including the energy autonomy of objects or production processes that are economically acceptable and respectful of the planet, hamper current developments. In this context, energy recovery is a widespread theme using a wide range of sources (mechanical, thermal, electromagnetic, etc.). This thesis is oriented towards the recovery of ambient electromagnetic energy. The second characteristic point of this thesis is to focus on flexible and, if possible, recyclable substrates. The challenge is to recover energy from an extremely low ambient electromagnetic field: this concerns the antenna, which must also meet a requirement for flexibility for its future integration with a flexible and deformable object, and the electronics of energy processing.The work of this thesis conducted in three phases.In the first phase, it was the study of the antenna structures compatible with frequency and power received with the energy harvesting application and a physical realization on flexible base (paper, textile, etc.). This phase allowed presenting the different approaches to combining the RF sources.In the second phase, the study on the role of rectifying circuit in the system of recovering wireless energy was presented. Methods for extracting parameters were discussed by separating each element and its roles. Numerous measurements have been conducted to compare different models of the diode, taking into account also the actual impact of the manufacturing process and the measurement process.A third phase allows the optimization of the antenna and electronic assembly (rectenna) for various scenarios and the monitoring of variability to keep the losses of the system at minima. The production of relevant demonstrators, test and characterization were presented
Aqbi, Sadiq. "Improving the Performance of Dual Linear Polarization Antennas with Metamaterial Structures." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-233539.
Full textIn der folgenden Dissertation wird der Einsatz von zweifach linear polarisierten Antennen zur idealen Ausführung von verschiedenen Anwendungen, einschließlich von polarimetrischen Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), kabellose und satellitengestützte Kommunikation, diskutiert. Die Ziele dieser Arbeit werden dargestellt durch die Gestaltung von zweifach linear polarisierten Antennen mit gering Kreuz-Polarisationsmustern und die starke Isolation zwischen den Ports durch die einzigartigen Eigenschaften der Strukturen des elektromagnetischen Metamaterials (electromagnetic metamaterial; MTM). Einige dieser Eigenschaften treten als negative Permittivität, negative Permeabilität, negativer Brechungsindex und als antiparallel Richtungen (Gegenvektor) der Phasen-und Gruppengeschwindigkeit auf. Somit wird die Antennengestaltung auf zwei Frequenzen übertragen, 5,5GHz und 10 GHz, und die Ausführung der zweifach linearen Polarisation wird durch die elektromagnetischen Eigenschaften des MTM illustriert. Weil die Kreuzpolarisationsmuster und starke gegenseitige Koppelung zwischen zwei Input-Ports bei einer zweifach linear polarisierten Antenne große Schwierigkeiten bereiten, werden diese im Großteil der Fachliteratur als Schwerpunkte gesetzt, was zu einer Milderung der Nachteile führte, jedoch dafür die Komplexität der Antennenstruktur zunahm. Die Vielfalt an MTM ist ein bedeutender Teil im Bereich der Antennenforschung einschließlich der Größenverkleinerung, der Verbesserung der Richtcharakteristik und der Strahlensteuerung. Für diesen Zweck werden in dieser Dissertation verschiedenste MTM Strukturen ausgewählt um weitere Verbesserungen der Antennenstruktur zu ermöglichen und gleichzeitig die Einfachheit der Struktur zu bewahren, was mit konventionellen Gestaltungsmethoden nur schwer zu erreichen ist
Debard, Alexandre. "Analyse et optimisation d'antennes réseaux compactes superdirectives." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALT058.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to study and seek improvement of the superdirective antenna array technology. This technology has been recently re-examined in the literature since it can bring some interesting functionalities in the future telecommunication applications. The examination of this type of antenna is thus conducted through the use of Spherical Wave Expansion which allows for the general study of directivity limits as well as gain limits, considering lossy antennas. The classical theory of end-fire array antennas is also reviewed, in the case of uniformly spaced tapered arrays, providing theoretical evaluation of efficiency and sensitivity to source feeding precision.Infinitesimal dipoles and Huygens sources are considered in a proposed development that links array theory and Spherical Wave Expansion. This contribution provides a formal proof for the directivity limit of Huygens-source-based end-fire arrays as well as an upper bound for the directivity of dipole-based arrays, when the inter-element spacing tends to zero. Moreover, it is shown how classical array theory can also be used to derive excitation coefficients that maximize gain rather than directivity, when loss resistances are considered. An examination over antenna size is also made to demonstrate which conditions are most favorable for the use of such supergain or superdirective end-fire array optimization.In a second part, practical implementations of superdirective antennas are surveyed, focusing on Huygens sources and compact end-fire array designs. The chosen implementation architecture of parasitic element arrays is then detailed and studied, in order to minimize the requirement for negative or positive resistive loads. This lead to the design and measurement of five prototypes that aim at achieving the maximum possible gain or directivity for a limited radiator size, with two-, three- and four-dipole end-fire arrays
Ray, Stephen. "Protein synthesis inhibition and short and long term habituation of the dorsal antennae withdrawal response in Helix aspersa." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/2754.
Full textCholé, Hanna. "Apprentissage social et mouvements antennaires chez l'abeille domestique (Apis mellifera L.)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS318.
Full textIn honeybees, interactions between individuals are cornerstones for the organization of the colony, especially during recruitment for foraging. Besides learning the location of a food source thanks to the well-known dance, the recruited bees learn the characteristics of odors of foraged flowers through nectar transfer (trophallaxis). The underlying mechanisms are still unclear because this learning can occur without any nectar transfer, suggesting that other, probably social, learning mechanisms are involved. We reproduced this interaction in the lab, using a protocol based on the appetitive olfactory conditioning of the proboscis extension response (PER). Here, an initially neutral odorant (conditioned stimulus) was associated with a contact with a nestmate (social unconditioned stimulus), without any sugar reward. Our experiments show that this simple social contact between workers can act as a reinforcement for bees. As a result, they show PER to the odor previously associated with a social contact. We further demonstrate that antenna contacts are essential for the effectiveness of this social learning, representing a tactile social cue. We thus developed a system allowing to record bees’ antennal movements accurately and at high frequency (90 hz). We then determined the factors modulating bees’ antennal movements. First, we show that bees display contrasted and reproducible responses to odors of different biological values. Second, the coupling of these recordings with associative conditioning experiments shows that these antennal responses are plastic and modified by individual experience. This work has shed light on a new type of social learning in insects and has furthered our understanding of antennal movements as indicators of the motivational, attentional and physiological state of bees and of the valence of perceived stimuli
Potelon, Thomas. "Étude et conception d'antennes multifaisceaux en bandes V et E pour les futurs réseaux cellulaires hétérogènes 5G." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S164.
Full textThe evolution of numerical technologies allowed the daily use of connected object for a large part of the world’s population. To fulfill the ever-growing demand for wireless communication, new technologies have to be developed in order to obtain higher data-rate with smaller and cheaper devices. The antenna plays a major role in communication systems and their performances are to be improved to obtain more efficient telecommunications. Indeed the rise of data-rate involves an improvement of the antenna gain and bandwidth, but the integration of directive antennas is always challenging. The actual trend is the shift to higher frequency bands, in the millimeter-wave range, this allows a size reduction together with the use of broader bandwidth; however the fabrication becomes a real challenge. The research work realized in this thesis concern the design, fabrication and experimental characterization of antennas for backhaul links: the E-band (71-86GHz) communication between two fixed antennas used in cellular network; nonetheless the solutions developed can easily be applied to other applications such as radar or satellite communications.The studied systems combine a one-dimensional array of long radiating slots (CTS) fed in parallel with a quasi-optical beam forming network (pillbox system). The radiating slots are made of truncated parallel plate waveguides (PPW) and are fed in parallel by a power-divider network realized in PPW technology. The pillbox system consists of two stacked PPWs connected by a multi-slot coupler and an integrated parabolic reflector, the latter converts the cylindrical wave emitted by a focal feed into a planar wave. The omnipresence of PPWs throughout the antenna system insures a broad band of operation, and the architecture shows a lower profile than quasi-optical antennas. This antenna presents an unequaled tradeoff between a high gain, a wide bandwidth and a low-profile. Unfortunately they also have drawbacks. From a technological point of view, their fabrication is complicated and expensive. This is why in this thesis a particular attention is given to the use of new techniques allowing the fabrication of prototypes leading to experimental validation of the results. From the radiation performance point of view, CTS/pillbox antennas do not show any reconfigurability solution in the E-plane and the overlap level obtained in H-plane with already existing antennas is too low to be usable. In this thesis, innovative solutions are investigated to find solution to this lake of versatility. Finally the sidelobe level (SLL) in E-plane of the totality of parallel-fed CTS antennas described in the open-literature is about -13.5dB. A new architecture introduced in this thesis allows a reduction of this SLL down to a negligible level
Mulia, Paula Nicole Johns. "A Study of X-ray Binary Populations in Star-Forming Galaxies." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1544721656145916.
Full textSelbrede, Robert W., and Ronald Pozmantier. "INTEGRATION OF S-BAND FQPSK TELEMETRY TRANSMITTERS AND GPS-BASED TSPI SYSTEMS WITH CLOSELY SPACED ANTENNAE – A SUCCESS STORY." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/605322.
Full textModern spectrally efficient telemetry transmitters are beginning to find their way on a variety of airborne test platforms. Many of these platforms also include Global Positioning System (GPS)-based Time-Space-Position-Information (TSPI) instrumentation systems. Due to space and other limitations, many of these platforms have demanding antenna placement limitations requiring closely spaced antennas. This paper describes steps taken to identify and mitigate potential interference to GPS-based TSPI instrumentation systems by these new technology transmitters. Equipment characterization was accomplished to determine interference potential of the proposed new transmitters and susceptibility of several GPS TSPI receivers. Several filtering techniques were identified as possible solutions to the anticipated interference problems. Telemetry (TM)/GPS system mockups and laboratory tests of the same were accomplished. Open-air testing was then accomplished to validate laboratory results. Finally, on aircraft tests were accomplished prior to performing any aircraft system modifications. Results of these test efforts are presented for others to consider when planning similar modifications to other platforms.