Journal articles: 'Antebellum US'

1

Lockard, Joe. "Slavery, market censorship and US antebellum schoolbook publishing." History of Education 51, no. 2 (March 4, 2022): 207–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0046760x.2021.1998650.

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Irwin, Douglas A. "The optimal tax on antebellum US cotton exports." Journal of International Economics 60, no. 2 (August 2003): 275–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1996(02)00052-1.

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M. Bani-Khair, Baker. "A Look into Rev. J. Todd's "Scene on the Ohio: The Solitary Grave" (1840) : Critical Reading." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 9, no. 2 (April 30, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.9n.2p.1.

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Having researched and looked in some historical antebellum newspapers, I found an interesting story, which I think it represent a good example on antebellum literature that remained unknown since it once appeared in the newspaper two centuries ago. The story is entitled, "Scene on the Ohio: The Solitary Grave" by a writer named Rev. J. Todd. In fact, there are no resources that can tell us any information about the writer or the story. However, his story appeared in the Southern Recorder Newspaper, on Jan, 28, 1840, under The Milledgeville Historic Newspaper Archives, California Digital Newspaper Collections. In this essay, I focused on Todd’s story in terms of style, structure, themes, and content, and I link it with the features of the Antebellum literature through explaining its distinguishing characteristics, references to culture, Ideology, and some other psychological aspects that match the common features of the Antebellum literature.

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Alan L. Olmstead. "Antebellum US Cotton Production and Slavery in the Indian Mirror." Agricultural History 91, no. 1 (2017): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3098/ah.2017.091.1.5.

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Gray, Paige. "Vicious Infants: Dangerous Childhoods In Antebellum US Literature by Laura Soderberg." Journal of the History of Childhood and Youth 15, no. 2 (March 2022): 343–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hcy.2022.0030.

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Baker, H. Robert. "The Fugitive Slave Clause and the Antebellum Constitution." Law and History Review 30, no. 4 (November 2012): 1133–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248012000697.

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Among the most long-lasting constitutional controversies in the antebellum era was the interpretation of the fugitive slave clause. It was the subject of repeated legislative and judicial construction at both the state and the federal level. It raised delicate questions about federalism and the balancing of property rights and personal liberty. Slaveholders and abolitionists brought irreconcilable constitutional positions to the table, ultimately dividing Northerners from Southerners. However, it was not just divergent political commitments that made it difficult to fix a stable meaning to the fugitive slave clause. The text itself was ambiguous enough to make it amenable to multiple interpretations. For precisely this reason, an examination of the changing interpretations of the fugitive slave clause uncovers antebellum constitutional praxis, allowing us to see how historical actors interpreted the Constitution and how those interpretations shifted over time.

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McInnis, Edward. "The Antebellum American Textbook Authors' Populist History of Roman Land Reform and the Gracchi Brothers." Journal of Educational Media, Memory, and Society 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 25–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jemms.2015.070102.

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This essay explores social and political values conveyed by nineteenth century world and universal history textbooks in relation to the antebellum era. These textbooks focused on the histories of ancient Greece and Rome rather than on histories of the United States. I argue that after 1830 these textbooks reinforced both the US land reform and the antislavery movement by creating favorable depictions of Tiberius and Caius Gracchus. Tiberius and Caius Gracchus (known as the “Gracchi”) were two Roman tribunes who sought to restore Rome's land laws, which granted public land to propertyless citizens despite opposition from other Roman aristocrats. The textbook authors' portrayal of the Gracchan reforms reflects a populist element in antebellum American education because these narratives suggest that there is a connection between social inequality and the decline of republicanism.

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Regan, Joe. "Irish Canallers and the Second Slavery in the Lower Mississippi Valley." Agricultural History 96, no. 3 (August 1, 2022): 317–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00021482-9825290.

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Abstract This article explores the lower Mississippi valley's antebellum history to uncover the role of Irish immigrant laborers in the riverine economy of the Cotton Kingdom. In particular, this article examines the experience of Irish laborers as canallers and ditchers on plantations and internal improvement projects, which drew thousands of Irish immigrants into the interior of the Mississippi valley in the decades before the American Civil War. Scholars will better understand the experience of these Irish laborers through the lens of “the second slavery,” which helps point the way to a broader comprehension of the employment of free labor in the antebellum South. This article demonstrates that Irish immigrants were a manifestation of the labor demands of the second slavery, and through their toil, they helped ensure that US cotton reached the global market.

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Einboden, Jeffrey. "The Early American Qur'an: Islamic Scripture and US Canon." Journal of Qur'anic Studies 11, no. 2 (October 2009): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jqs.2009.0002.

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Although considerable scholarly attention has been paid to US Orientalism in the nineteenth century, there remains no targeted study of the formative influence exercised by the Qur'an upon the canon of early American literature. The present paper surveys receptions, adaptations and translations of the Qur'an during the ‘American Renaissance’, identifying the Qur'anic echoes which permeate the seminal works of literary patriarchs such as Ralph Waldo Emerson, Washington Irving and Edgar Allan Poe. Examining the literary and religious tensions raised by antebellum importations of Islamic scripture, the essay interrogates how the aesthetic contours of the Qur'an in particular serve both to attract and obstruct early US readings, mapping the diverse responses to the Muslim sacred generated by American Romantics and Transcendentalists.

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10

Davis, Clark. "Very, Garrison, Thoreau." Nineteenth-Century Literature 74, no. 3 (December 1, 2019): 332–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2019.74.3.332.

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Clark Davis, “Very, Garrison, Thoreau: Variations on the Antebellum Passive” (pp. 332–359) This essay contends that the poetry of Jones Very, often considered predominately “mystical,” was deeply engaged in political debates of the era. Not only did Very often write poems with an avowedly public purpose, but his seemingly otherworldly, spiritual sonnets sometimes participated in antebellum political debates. The sonnet “The Hand and Foot” (1839), for instance, describes a mode of Christian passivity and quietism that echoes the contemporaneous call for passive “non-resistance” to slavery found in William Lloyd Garrison’s 1838 “Declaration of Sentiments,” the foundational statement of the New England Non-Resistance Society. Very’s poem also describes a mode of Christian behavior that is radically disruptive of social conformity, a kind of embodied “prayer” that may have influenced Henry David Thoreau’s more famous manifesto of passive resistance, “Resistance to Civil Government” (1849). Thoreau witnessed Very’s passive but disruptive behavior on more than one occasion in Concord, Massachusetts, well before his own unique dramatization of nonconformity in the mid 1840s. Comparing Very’s erasure of individual will to Thoreau’s more canny deployment of passivity can help us clarify antebellum modes of passive engagement as they evolved toward the eventual violence of John Brown’s raid and the American Civil War.

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Barter, Faith. "Encrypted Citations: The Bondwoman’s Narrative and the Case of Jane Johnson." MELUS 46, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 51–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/melus/mlab002.

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Abstract I read Hannah Crafts’s The Bondwoman’s Narrative (2002) and its legal historical intertexts in order to nuance “fiction” as a literary category of antebellum African American writing. Specifically, I develop connections between The Bondwoman’s Narrative and US laws of slavery by thinking about the novel’s form in relation to legal citational practices. I argue that the novel encrypts and encodes legal narratives within its fictionalized accounts of verifiable “historical” events. By close reading Crafts’s alterations of such events, I compare her use of encryption to the citational practices inherent in legal precedent. This comparison yields a stronger understanding of antebellum African American authorial practices as deploying legal rhetorical strategies that resisted dominant legal narratives and generated new literary forms. I problematize the tendency to redeem law as a possible or ideal site of black belonging and to underscore the ways that authors such as Crafts encrypted their writing with rejections of law and the nation-state. Her work does so even as it rehearses a facility and engagement with legal culture that might suggest an effort to inscribe African Americans into legal frameworks and the ongoing nineteenth-century project of US nation-building. Instead of reading this complex engagement with US law as evincing an attachment to it, I argue for reading it as the rejection and radical reimagining of existing logics of authority and community.

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Sillin, Sarah. "The Cuban Question and the Ignorant American: Empire's Tropes and Jokes in Yankee Notions." Studies in American Humor 7, no. 2 (October 1, 2021): 304–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/studamerhumor.7.2.304.

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Abstract By reading antebellum-era jokes about Cuba in conversation with Judith Yaross Lee's argument that imperialism has persistently shaped American humor, this essay considers how US humorists located pleasure in the nation's fraught foreign relations. Examining a variety of comics, anecdotes, and malapropisms from Yankee Notions demonstrates how this popular, long-running magazine mocked US Americans’ efforts to assert their cosmopolitan knowledge of Cuba while nonetheless naturalizing US global power. Together, such jokes participated in a larger cultural project that shaped late nineteenth-century images of Cuba in a way that was designed to generate support for the idea of US intervention. More broadly, the magazine demonstrates how jokes about ignorance and knowingness became a way to justify US imperialism and resist foreign power.

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13

Engerman, Stanley L. "Review of The Business of Slavery and the Rise of American Capitalism, 1815–1860 by Calvin Schermerhorn and The Half Has Never Been Told: Slavery and the Making of American Capitalism by Edward E. Baptist." Journal of Economic Literature 55, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 637–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.20151334.

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The two books being reviewed are concerned with the importance of slavery in the antebellum US South for the economic development of the Northern states. One (Schermerhorn) deals primarily with Southern financial arrangements facilitating the sales of slaves and cotton. The other (Baptist) presents a broader picture of masters' treatment of slaves, as well as how the incomes of slaveowners spurred the demand for Northern industrial production. The review argues that both books overstate the importance of slavery and cotton production for US economic growth. (JEL J15, N11, N31, N51, P16)

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14

Simpson, Erik. "Imitation Nation: Red, White, and Blackface in Early and Antebellum US Literature." American Nineteenth Century History 20, no. 2 (May 4, 2019): 208–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14664658.2019.1638037.

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15

Green, Rodney D. "Quantitative sources for studying urban industrial slavery in the antebellum US South." Immigrants & Minorities 5, no. 3 (November 1986): 305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02619288.1986.9974641.

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16

Clymer, J. A. "Family Money: Race and Economic Rights in Antebellum US Law and Fiction." American Literary History 21, no. 2 (February 19, 2009): 211–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajp004.

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17

Zehetmayer, M. "The continuation of the antebellum puzzle: stature in the US, 1847-1894." European Review of Economic History 15, no. 2 (August 1, 2011): 313–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1361491611000062.

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18

Samad, Abdus. "TESTING BANK FAILURE HYPOTHESES: EVIDENCE FROM (US) ANTEBELLUM ILLINOIS FREE BANKING FAILURE." Journal of International Business and Economics 13, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18374/jibe-13-2.16.

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Samad, Abdus. "TESTING BANK FAILURE HYPOTHESES: EVIDENCE FROM (US) ANTEBELLUM ILLINOIS FREE BANKING FAILURE." Journal of International Finance Studies 13, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18374/jifs-13-2.8.

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20

Seeman, Erik R. "The Presence of the Dead among U.S. Protestants, 1800–1848." Church History 88, no. 2 (June 2019): 381–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000964071900115x.

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Historians have long known that antebellum American Protestants were fascinated by death, but they have overlooked Protestant relationships with the dead. Long before the advent of séance Spiritualism in 1848, many mourners began to believe—contrary to mainstream Protestant theology—that the souls of the dead turned into angels, that the dead could return to earth as guardian angels, and that in graveyards one could experience communion with the spirits of the departed. The version of Protestantism these mourners developed was therefore, to use Robert Orsi's term, a religion of “presence,” a religion in which suprahuman beings—in addition to God—played an important role. Based on diaries and popular sentimental literature written mostly by women, this article brings to light an unexplored facet of antebellum Protestant lived religion: that the dead were “present with us tho’ invisible,” as one young woman wrote about her deceased sister.

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Jamil, Amir, and Bahramand Shah. "Developing Emancipatory Thinking through Narratives in Antebellum America." Global Social Sciences Review V, no. III (September 30, 2020): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2020(v-iii).28.

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Literature has served as one of the most convincing tools for developing emancipatory thinking among Americans, particularly the colored people in the antebellum period. The current research paper is an attempt to study and explore how emancipatory thinking was developed through literature which is, generally considered to be more fictional than factual. Through the close reading of the selected narratives written during the period, the researcher has attempted to unearth various aspects and relate them with the factual accounts of the time in order to investigate their closer relationship with each other. This required a theoretical framework that would enable us to juxtapose the literary and non-literary texts to have an actual picture of the situation; therefore, the non-literary journalistic writings during that period have been studied parallel to the literary narratives. The findings and discussion developed in this study also suggest that further studies may also be conducted in order to dispel the misconception ascribed to narratives of the antebellum period that narratives are imaginary scattered accounts of the authors which are much exaggerated than to have elements of realism.

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Einboden, Jeffrey. "‘Minding the Koran’ in Civil War America: Islamic Revelation, US Reflections." Journal of Qur'anic Studies 16, no. 3 (October 2014): 84–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jqs.2014.0167.

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Islamic influences have increasingly gained recognition as vital to early US Literature. Contrary to current critiques of ‘Orientalism’, however, this essay emphasises the personal, rather than the political, implications of American interest in the Qur'an. Taking its cue from Walt Whitman's iconic ‘Song of Myself’ – in which the poet characterises himself as ‘minding the koran’ – the present essay explores the interiority of antebellum approaches to Islam, reading the reflective artistry catalysed by the Qur'an in the young republic. Targeting the year 1855 – not only the date of ‘Song of Myself’, but also the climax of American Romanticism – I survey ‘mindful’ engagements with the Muslim scripture pursued simultaneously by American literary celebrities such as Whitman and Melville, as well as anonymous authors writing in the US press.

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Salter, Sarah H. "A Hero and His Newspaper: Unsettling Myths of Italian America." MELUS 45, no. 2 (2020): 108–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/melus/mlaa019.

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Abstract Italian American ethnic identity has long been constituted by struggles and inequalities endured by Italians in post-unification rural Italy and their subsequent racialized oppression in urban centers of the US North in the era of mass migration. Until now, the presumed stability of mass migration identity has created the general terms for understanding Italian America. In this essay, a New Orleans microhistory illuminated through the 1849 newspaper Il Monitore del Sud, the first Italian-language newspaper published in the United States, reshapes foundational understandings of Italian American identity. The newspaper's antebellum account of New Orleans Italian America includes nationalist aesthetic expressions and political affiliations that American political discourse has not yet found an adequate language to describe and that Italian American studies has not yet confronted. In bringing this prehistory to light, my work with antebellum Italian Americans complicates understandings of multi-ethnic collectivity by examining how intercultural myth-making underwrites communal historiography. Together, the ethnic perceptions memorialized in Il Monitore del Sud and the power operations revealed in concurrent civic records expose how collective conditions of white supremacy come to be naturalized and forgotten, becoming history's flotsam. The creation of Italian America's communal historiography, I argue, shows us something larger about the operations of US white supremacy: how its emotional logic depends simultaneously on the exploitation of vulnerable others and the enactment of vulnerability from within the exploiting group.

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Pargas, Damian Alan. "“Urban Refugees: Fugitive Slaves and Spaces of Informal Freedom in the American South”." Journal of Early American History 7, no. 3 (November 8, 2017): 262–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18770703-00703002.

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Slave flight in the antebellum South did not always coincide with the political geography of freedom. Indeed, spaces and places within the South attracted the largest number of fugitive slaves, especially southern cities, where runaway slaves attempted to pass for free blacks. Disguising themselves within the slaveholding states rather than risk long-distance flight attempts to formally free territories such as the northern us, Canada, and Mexico, fugitive slaves in southern cities attempted to escape slavery by crafting clandestine lives for themselves in what I am calling “informal” freedom—a freedom that did not exist on paper and had no legal underpinnings, but that existed in practice, in the shadows. This article briefly examines the experiences of fugitive slaves who fled to southern cities in the antebellum period (roughly 1800–1860). It touches upon themes such as the motivations for fleeing to urban areas, the networks that facilitated such flight attempts, and, most importantly, the lot of runaway slaves after arrival in urban areas.

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Marrs, Aaron W. "Railroads and Time Consciousness in the Antebellum South." Enterprise and Society 9, no. 03 (September 2008): 433–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1467222700007266.

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Historians have often looked to industrial capitalism to further our understanding of “time consciousness.” This article explores time consciousness through the experience of a railroad in pre-Civil War South Carolina. Examining the South Carolina Railroad allows us to examine how time consciousness operated in a region not associated with industrial capitalism, and also see how multiple times could function simultaneously. While clocks were important to railroad operations, companies also had to address an array of non-clock times. Moreover, companies were never fully in control of their own time, but were in constant conflict and negotiation with various groups in the community. While industrialization and factory labor remain important ways to understand time consciousness, looking beyond the factory walls can help historians make better use of the analytical power of time.

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Cashin, Joan E. "The Structure of Antebellum Planter Families: "The Ties that Bound us was Strong"." Journal of Southern History 56, no. 1 (February 1990): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2210664.

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Majewski, John, and Viken Tchakerian. "The Environmental Origins of Shifting Cultivation: Climate, Soils, and Disease in the Nineteenth-Century US South." Agricultural History 81, no. 4 (October 1, 2007): 522–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00021482-81.4.522.

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Abstract Farmers and planters in the antebellum South held large tracts of unimproved land because they practiced shifting cultivation. Southern cultivators burned tracts of forest growth to quickly release nutrients into the soil. After five or six years, when the soil had been depleted, the old field was abandoned for as long as twenty years. Environmental factors such as poor soils, rugged topography, and livestock diseases accounted for the persistence of this practice, more so than slavery or the availability of western lands. Shifting cultivation slowly declined in the postbellum era, but southern farmers continued to improve a far smaller percentage of their land well into the twentieth century.

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Tatsumi, Takayuki. "The Magic Realist Unconscious: Twain, Yamashita and Jackson." Literature 2, no. 4 (October 12, 2022): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/literature2040021.

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The literary topic of Siamese twins is not unfamiliar. American literary history tells us of the genealogy from Mark Twain’s pseudo-antebellum story The Tragedy of Pudd’nhead Wilson and the Comedy Those Extraordinary Twins (1894), Karen Tei Yamashita’s postmodern metafiction “Siamese Twins and Mongoloids: Cultural Appropriation and the Deconstruction of Stereotype via the Absurdity of Metaphor” (1999), down to Shelley Jackson’s James Tiptree, Jr. award winner Half-Life (2006). Rereading these works, we are easily invited to notice the political unconscious hidden deep within each plot: Twain’s selection of the Italian Siamese twins based upon Chang and Eng Bunker, antebellum stars of the Barnum Museum, cannot help but recall the ideal of the post-Civil War world uniting the North and the South; Yamashita’s figure of the conjoined twins Heco and Okada derives from Hikozo Hamada, an antebellum Japanese who made every effort to empower the bond between Japan and the United States, and John Okada, the Japanese American writer well known for his masterpiece No No Boy (1957); and Jackson’s characterization of the female conjoined twins Nora and Blanche Olney represents a new civil rights movement in the post-Cold War age in the near future, establishing a close friendship between the humans and the post-humans. This literary and cultural context should convince us that Yamashita’s short story “Siamese Twins and Mongoloids” serves as a kind of singularity point between realist twins and magic realist twins. Influenced by Twain’s twins, Yamashita paves the way for the re-figuration of the conjoined twins not only as tragi-comical freaks in the Gilded Age but also as representative men of magic realist America in our Multiculturalist Age. A Close reading of this metafiction composed in a way reminiscent of Jorge Luis Borges, Stanislaw Lem and Bruce Sterling will enable us to rediscover not only the role conjoined twins played in cultural history, but also the reason why Yamashita had to feature them once again in her novel I Hotel (2010) whose plot centers around the Asian American civil rights movement between the 1960s and the 1970s. Accordingly, an Asian American magic realist perspective will clarify the way Yamashita positioned the figure of Siamese Twins as representing legal and political double standards, and the way the catachresis of Siamese Twins came to be naturalized, questioned and dismissed in American literary history from the 19th century through the 21st century.

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Cuff, Timothy. "ANTHROPOMETRIC HISTORY: WHAT IS IT AND WHAT CAN IT TELL US ABOUT ANTEBELLUM PENNSYLVANIA?" Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies 73, no. 2 (2006): 143–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27778730.

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Cuff, Timothy. "ANTHROPOMETRIC HISTORY: WHAT IS IT AND WHAT CAN IT TELL US ABOUT ANTEBELLUM PENNSYLVANIA?" Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies 73, no. 2 (2006): 143–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/pennhistory.73.2.0143.

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Tompkins, Kyla Wazana. ""Everything 'Cept Eat Us": The Antebellum Black Body Portrayed as Edible Body." Callaloo 30, no. 1 (2007): 201–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cal.2007.0175.

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Post, Charles. "Social-Property Relations, Class-Conflict and the Origins of the US Civil War: Towards a New Social Interpretation." Historical Materialism 19, no. 4 (2011): 129–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156920611x592869.

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Abstract The origins of the US Civil War have long been a central topic of debate among historians, both Marxist and non-Marxist. John Ashworth’s Slavery, Capitalism, and Politics in the Antebellum Republic is a major Marxian contribution to a social interpretation of the US Civil War. However, Ashworth’s claim that the War was the result of sharpening political and ideological – but not social and economic – contradictions and conflicts between slavery and capitalism rests on problematic claims about the rôle of slave-resistance in the dynamics of plantation-slavery, the attitude of Northern manufacturers, artisans, professionals and farmers toward wage-labour, and economic restructuring in the 1840s and 1850s. An alternative social explanation of the US Civil War, rooted in an analysis of the specific path to capitalist social-property relations in the US, locates the War in the growing contradiction between the social requirements of the expanded reproduction of slavery and capitalism in the two decades before the War.

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DOAN, NATALIA. "THE 1860 JAPANESE EMBASSY AND THE ANTEBELLUM AFRICAN AMERICAN PRESS." Historical Journal 62, no. 4 (March 28, 2019): 997–1020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x19000050.

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AbstractThe 1860 Japanese embassy inspired within the antebellum African American press an imagined solidarity that subverted American state hierarchies of ‘civilization’ and race. The bodies of the Japanese ambassadors, physically incongruous with American understandings of non-white masculinity, became a centre of cultural contention upon their presence as sophisticated and powerful men on American soil. The African American and abolitionist press, reimagining Japan and the Japanese, reframed racial prejudice as an experience in solidarity, to prove further the equality of all men, and assert African American membership to the worlds of civility and ‘civilization’. The acceptance of the Japanese gave African Americans a new lens through which to present their quest for racial equality and recognition as citizens of American ‘civilization’. This imagined transnational solidarity reveals Japan's influence in the United States as African American publications developed an imagined racial solidarity with Japanese agents of ‘civilization’ long before initiatives of ‘civilization and enlightenment’ appeared on Japan's diplomatic agenda. Examining the writings of non-state actors traditionally excluded from early historical narratives of US–Japan diplomacy reveals an imagined transnational solidarity occurring within and because of an oppressive racial hierarchy, as well as a Japanese influence on antebellum African American intellectual history.

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Clegg, John J. "Credit Market Discipline and Capitalist Slavery in Antebellum South Carolina." Social Science History 42, no. 2 (November 15, 2017): 343–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2017.39.

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Historians and economists have increasingly identified capitalist patterns of behavior among antebellum slave owners, yet no consensus has emerged about the explanation for this finding. I argue that US slave owners were driven to behave like capitalists in part because of their dependence on credit. The ability of creditors to seize the land and slaves of insolvent debtors generated selection pressures that led to both aggregate patterns of capitalist development and the adaptation of individual slave owners to the logic of capitalist competition. I refer to this process as “credit market discipline.” In a case study of South Carolina in the 1840s, I show that the threat and reality of foreclosure was capable of stimulating recognizably capitalist behaviors among even the most aristocratic and “prebourgeois” slave owners.

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Burbick, Joan. "“Intervals of Tranquillity”: The Language of Health in Antebellum America." Prospects 12 (October 1987): 175–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300005573.

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Hurled into the vortex of a whirlpool, Edgar Allan Poe's protagonist in “A Descent into the Maelström” hangs suspended on a wall of water. A deafening roar like that of Niagara Falls and a haunting moan like a “vast herd of buffaloes” resound as the fisherman and his brother watch pieces of society and nature float by: “Both above and below us were visible fragments of vessels, large masses of building timber and trunks of trees, with many smaller articles, such as pieces of house furniture, broken boxes, barrels and staves.” In the midst of this swirling rubble, Poe's hero survives on luck; clutching at a water cask, he hangs on the rim of the maelstrom until the cask's buoyancy lifts him from the water's depths. Punctuated by mere “intervals of tranquillity,” this chaotic landscape emanates violence and danger.

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Daigle, Jonathan. "Imitation Nation: Red, White, and Blackface in Early and Antebellum US Literature by Jason Richards." Early American Literature 54, no. 2 (2019): 537–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/eal.2019.0041.

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Kurowska, Xymena. "What makes the EU viable? European integration in the light of the antebellum US experience." Journal of Transatlantic Studies 8, no. 2 (June 2010): 185–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14794011003760335.

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Glencross, Andrew. "The uses of ambiguity: representing ‘the people’ and the stability of states unions." International Theory 4, no. 1 (March 15, 2012): 107–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752971911000236.

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The European Union (EU) and the antebellum US represent attempts to overcome anarchy without substituting hierarchy. Understood as ‘states unions’, these two systems are shown here to share foundational indeterminacy over sovereignty and the constitution of the people (i.e. the boundaries of the political community). Existing scholarship appreciates the EU's resulting democratic deficit but fails to problematize how dual ambiguity is sustained. The contrast between both states unions is used to probe this mutually constitutive relationship between sovereignty and democracy in an anti-hierarchical order. Defining the boundaries of the people by invoking popular sovereignty led in the antebellum, the paper argues, to a bifurcated debate over where the hierarchy of democratic legitimacy resided, destroying ambiguity. The contrast further shows that the EU has avoided the development of such rival, mutually exclusive constitutional visions that seek to make the people and sovereignty congruent at either the unit or union level. Instead, the EU has sustained dual constitutional ambiguity by allowing for multiple accountability claims reliant on overlapping notions of the people. Democratizing international cooperation thus should focus on the form democratic accountability can take rather than seeking to use popular sovereignty to establish some decision-making level where sovereignty and the people are congruent.

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BOOTH, W. JAMES. "“From This Far Place”: On Justice and Absence." American Political Science Review 105, no. 4 (November 2011): 750–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055411000372.

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Addressing historic injustice involves a struggle against absence. This article reflects on the foundations of that challenge, on absence and justice. I ask what it means to address the absent victims of deadly injustice given the distance of time and death that separates us from them. This topic embraces a wide swath of events of interest to students of politics. Some are as recent as the Rwandan genocide; others are by now historical: the Holocaust or slavery in antebellum America. All have in common that they and their victims are distant from us, a separation that makes doing them justice deeply perplexing. In response, I sketch an argument that the absent victims of injustice are not nullities but retain a status, a presence as claimants on justice that defines our efforts to address the wrongs done them.

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Fash, Lydia G. "The Armature of the American Novel: The Antebellum Sketch and Tale in Literary History." New England Quarterly 89, no. 2 (June 2016): 167–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tneq_a_00527.

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This essay calls attention to the genre of the sketch, which played a critical role in the early nineteenth-century US literary market. Later when developments in printing technology made it easier to publish longer works, Hawthorne, Melville, and Stowe used the sketch as the basis for hugely important mid-century novels.

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Marsoin, Édouard. "What Are the Pleasures of a Slave? The Politics of Affect in Antebellum US Slave Narratives." Revue française d’études américaines N° 167, no. 2 (June 8, 2021): 14–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rfea.167.0014.

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Finocchiaro, Charles J., and Jeffery A. Jenkins. "Distributive politics, the electoral connection, and the antebellum US Congress: The case of military service pensions." Journal of Theoretical Politics 28, no. 2 (June 3, 2015): 192–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0951629815586875.

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Redenius, Scott A. "Designing a national currency: antebellum payment networks and the structure of the national banking system." Financial History Review 14, no. 2 (October 2007): 207–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0968565007000546.

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As reflected in the April 2006 issue of the Financial History Review, monetary historians remain divided over the central features of the US monetary union and their contribution to US economic development. In that issue – which focused on the monetary union formed by the Constitution and early federal monetary legislation – Ronald Michener and Robert E. Wright focused on the creation of a uniform unit of account defined in terms of specie. The establishment of a uniform unit of account ‘simplified domestic and international transactions’ compared with the colonial period when ‘[e]conomic calculations across regions were complicated by the fact that people had to reckon with different units of account, without the aid of electronic calculators’. By contrast, Richard Sylla emphasised the role the Bank of the United States played in reducing the costs and risks of clearing and settling interregional payments. An institution, like the Bank, that operated on a national scale was particularly important in the United States because of the limited geographical scope of state bank operations. The Bank's notes and deposits became a truly national monetary standard, and the Bank helped to maintain the value of state bank notes, the principal means of cash payment in the antebellum economy, by enforcing par redemption.

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Palmateer Pennee, Donna. "Benjamin Drew and Samuel Gridley Howe on Race Relations in Early Ontario: Mythologizing and Debunking Canada West’s “Moral Superiority”." Journal of Canadian Studies 56, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 99–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jcs-2020-0025.

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This essay examines the respective mythologizing and debunking of Canada’s “moral superiority” over the United States on matters of white-Black race relations in Benjamin Drew’s 1856 The Refugee: or the Narratives of Fugitive Slaves in Canada and Samuel Gridley Howe’s 1864 The Refugees from Slavery in Canada West. Their accounts of the impact of the Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 and American Civil War on Canadian and American political reputations are instructive. The historical presence of Black people in the making of Ontario’s history and its relationship to American antebellum history helps to understand in part from where the superiority myth originates. The impact of the American Civil War on the making of Canada as a political entity has been studied by historians but its cultural force is less studied, particularly in literary studies. The relative absence of such knowledge seems part and parcel of the negative definition of Canada as not-American, indeed anti-American, and has helped to continue the mythology of Canada’s moral superiority over the US on matters of white-Black relations. Drew’s and Howe’s work on the substantial presence of Black settlers in early Ontario has been invaluable for the study of both the diaspora and settlement of Black freedom seekers in Upper Canada/Canada West in the antebellum period. Analysis of the rhetoric of national differences on racism in Drew’s The Refugee (1856) and Howe’s The Refugees (1864), particularly on education and law, counters, as does a wealth of scholarship by Black scholars, the myth of Canada’s racial benevolence.

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Müller, Viola Franziska. "“Employed at the Works of the City”." Journal of Global Slavery 7, no. 1-2 (March 28, 2022): 153–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2405836x-00701009.

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Abstract Despite the successful maneuvers of many runaways to escape slavery in the slaveholding South, considerable numbers did not make it and were apprehended by slave patrols, civilians, or watchmen. What happened to those among them who were subsequently not reclaimed by their legal owners? To answer this question, this paper focuses on the punishment and forced employment of runaway slaves by city and state authorities rather than by individual slaveholders. It follows enslaved southerners into workhouses, chain gains, and penitentiaries, thereby connecting different institutions within the nineteenth-century penal system. Exploring collaboration and clashes between slaveholders and the authorities, it will discuss how the forced employment of runaways fitted in with the broader understanding of Black labor and the restructuring of labor demands in the antebellum US South.

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Steckel, Richard H., and Nicolas Ziebarth. "A Troublesome Statistic: Traders and Coastal Shipments in the Westward Movement of Slaves." Journal of Economic History 73, no. 3 (August 9, 2013): 792–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050713000612.

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We analyze all slave manifests housed at the National Archives—some 24,400 documents involving approximately 135,000 slaves who were transported in the coastwise trade from 1810 to 1861. The manifests list the name of the owner or shipper, which allows us to match names with traders found in other sources. We also utilize demographic characteristics of the manifests to estimate the probability that a trader organized the shipment. Commercial transactions increased over the antebellum period, and on average were responsible for approximately 55 percent of slaves who migrated from Atlantic to Gulf coast ports. “No one has ever suggested a method for finding what proportion of the slaves transported from one state to another were taken by their original masters or their heirs for their own use.”Bancroft 1931, p. 397

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BURGESS, MICHAEL. "What Makes the EU Viable? European Integration in the Light of the Antebellum US Experience - By A. Glencross." JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 48, no. 4 (August 12, 2010): 1150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5965.2010.02105_2.x.

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Girgus, Sam B. "Imitation Nation: Red, White, and Blackface in Early and Antebellum US LiteratureStranger America: A Narrative Ethics of Exclusion." American Literature 92, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00029831-8056623.

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Caron, James E. "Gendered Comic Traditions: How Fanny Fern's Satire Subverts Nineteenth-Century Colonial Continuity and Enables Twenty-First Century Neocolonial Hybridity." Studies in American Humor 7, no. 2 (October 1, 2021): 277–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/studamerhumor.7.2.277.

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Abstract This article offers examples from the antebellum period that bear out Judith Lee's matters of empire framework; it exposes the ways in which American humor both continues and breaks away from its English antecedents, showing in particular how Sara Willis Parton as Fanny Fern does and does not fit into aesthetic and philosophical parameters about satire and satirists that can be traced back to English periodicals. After outlining a colonial continuity through a discussion of Parton and two contemporaries, Lewis Gaylord Clark and William Makepeace Thackeray, I go on to suggest that Parton's Fanny Fern persona also functions as a symbolic origin for a genealogy of women satirists who evoke Hélène Cixous's image of a laughing Medusa, a genealogy I describe as a neocolonial hybrid because it details American women writing satire to mock and resist the domestic imperium of US patriarchy.

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SWEENEY, FIONNGHUALA. "“It Will Come at Last”: Acts of Emancipation in the Art, Culture and Politics of the Black Diaspora." Journal of American Studies 49, no. 2 (May 2015): 225–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875815000092.

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For enslaved African Americans in the antebellum period, emancipation was writ large as the most pressing of political imperatives stemming from the most fundamental obligations of justice and humanity. That it could be achieved individually was clear from the activities of countless runaways, fugitives and cultural and political activists, Douglass and Jacobs included, who escaped territories of enslavement to become self-emancipated subjects on free soil. That it could be achieved collectively was evidenced by the success of the Haitian Revolution, with its army of enslaved and free black persons. This piece explores the ways in which emancipation is understood 150 years after US Emancipation at the end of the Civil War, and provides an introduction to the new scholarship on the many acts of emancipation, memorialization and practices of freedom discussed in this special issue.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Antebellum US'

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