Relevant bibliographies by topics / Antarctic Ocean and Antarctica

Academic literature on the topic 'Antarctic Ocean and Antarctica'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Antarctic Ocean and Antarctica"

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Sirenko, B. I. "First finding of a widely distributed Antarctic chiton species (Mollusca: Polyplacophora) in the North Pacific." Ruthenica, Russian Malacological Journal 29, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35885/ruthenica.2019.29(1).3.

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For the first time, the widely spread Antarctic species Leptochiton antarcticus was found at the Emperor Seamounts in the North Pacific Ocean. In spite of a large distance between the Emperor Seamounts and Antarctica, the found specimen have very similar shell, girdle, radula and gill features to the type material. I propose that L. antarcticus spread to the North Pacific from the Antarctic via a deep-water current near the ocean floor, and perhaps it inhabits the slopes of islands and continents from the South Ocean to the Emperor Seamounts.
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Jun, Sang-Yoon, Joo-Hong Kim, Jung Choi, Seong-Joong Kim, Baek-Min Kim, and Soon-Il An. "The internal origin of the west-east asymmetry of Antarctic climate change." Science Advances 6, no. 24 (June 2020): eaaz1490. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaz1490.

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Recent Antarctic surface climate change has been characterized by greater warming trends in West Antarctica than in East Antarctica. Although this asymmetric feature is well recognized, its origin remains poorly understood. Here, by analyzing observation data and multimodel results, we show that a west-east asymmetric internal mode amplified in austral winter originates from the harmony of the atmosphere-ocean coupled feedback off West Antarctica and the Antarctic terrain. The warmer ocean temperature over the West Antarctic sector has positive feedback, with an anomalous upper-tropospheric anticyclonic circulation response centered over West Antarctica, in which the strength of the feedback is controlled by the Antarctic topographic layout and the annual cycle. The current west-east asymmetry of Antarctic surface climate change is undoubtedly of natural origin because no external factors (e.g., orbital or anthropogenic factors) contribute to the asymmetric mode.
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Jacka, Tim H., William F. Budd, and Andrew Holder. "A further assessment of surface temperature changes at stations in the Antarctic and Southern Ocean, 1949–2002." Annals of Glaciology 39 (2004): 331–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756404781813907.

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AbstractStatistical analyses are carried out, of the annual mean surface air temperature at occupied stations and automatic weather stations in the Antarctic and Southern and Pacific Oceans. The data are studied in four groupings: coastal Antarctica (excluding the Antarctic Peninsula), inland Antarctica, the Antarctic Peninsula and the Southern Ocean/Pacific Ocean islands. We find that within each of these four groupings the average trend indicates warming. For coastal Antarctica the trend is ∼0.8°C(100 a)–1. Inland, the results are less clear, but the mean trend is to a warming of ∼1.0°C(100 a)–1. For the Peninsula stations it is ∼4.4°C(100 a)–1, and for the ocean stations the average trend is ∼0.8°C(100 a)–1. The results indicate a reduction in the warming trend since our last analysis 6 years ago. While the Pinatubo (Philippines) volcanic eruption may have had some influence on this reduction in the warming rate, examination of the interannual variations in the temperature record shows variability has continued high since the recovery from any such effect. There has been a further period of cooler temperatures in coastal and inland Antarctica in that time, yet a warmer period in the Peninsula and ocean islands.
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Lu, C. C., and R. Williams. "Contribution to the biology of squid in the Prydz Bay region, Antarctica." Antarctic Science 6, no. 2 (June 1994): 223–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102094000349.

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The teuthoid fauna of the Prydz Bay region of the Southern Ocean (Indian Ocean sector) has been studied based on the material collected from 1981–1991 using a rectangular midwater trawl (RMT-8), pelagic trawl (IYGPT), and bottom trawl. Eight species of squid have been recognized: Brachioteuthis sp., Kondakovia longimana, Bathyteuthis abyssicola, Psychroteuthis glacialis, Alluroteuthis antarcticus, Mastigoteuthis psychrophila, Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni and Galiteuthis glacialis. Size frequency distribution, geographical and vertical distributions of each species as well as diets of common species are analysed. There is no evidence of a diel vertical migration but ontogenetic descent appears to occur in P. glacialis and G. glacialis. Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba and the Antarctic silverfish, Pleuragramma antarcticum are important prey for most species with cannibalism occurring in P. glacialis, A. antarcticus and M. hamiltoni. Equations for calculating total weight from mantle length, and mantle length and total weight from upper and lower rostral length are provided for B. abyssicola, P. glacialis, A. antarcticus, M. psychrophila, and G. glacialis.
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Long, Douglas J. "Quaternary colonization or Paleogene persistence?: historical biogeography of skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae) in the Antarctic ichthyofauna." Paleobiology 20, no. 2 (1994): 215–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300012690.

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Seven endemic species of skates (Chondrichthyes: Rajidae) represent the only family of elasmobranchs currently known to live in Antarctic continental waters. Many previous authors believed skates colonized Antarctic waters from Patagonia during interglacial periods in the Quaternary. However, recent fossil material collected from the middle Eocene La Meseta Formation of Seymour Island, Antarctic Peninsula, indicates that they may have persisted in Antarctic waters since the Paleogene. Additionally, oceanographic barriers present in the Neogene and Quaternary would have prevented dispersal from southern continents to Antarctica. A revised dispersal scenario, based on skate fossils, biology, paleogeography, and present centers of skate diversity, suggests that skates evolved in the western Tethys and North Boreal seas of western Europe in the Late Cretaceous and early Paleogene and emigrated into Antarctica during the early to middle Eocene via a dispersal corridor along the continental margins of the western Atlantic Ocean. Skates probably populated the Pacific Basin by passing from this dispersal corridor through the Arctic Ocean. Vicariant events, such as opening of the Drake Passage, the development of the Circum-Antarctic Current, and formation of deep and wide basins around Antarctica in the late Paleogene, created barriers that isolated some species of skates in Antarctica and prevented movement of other species of skates into Antarctica from northern areas. Skates are the only group of fishes known to have survived the Oligocene cooling of Antarctica that killed or extirpated the Paleogene ichthyofauna; they persisted by a combination of cold-tolerance, generalized diet, and unspecialized bathymetric and habitat preferences.
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Kusahara, Kazuya, and Kay I. Ohshima. "Kelvin Waves around Antarctica." Journal of Physical Oceanography 44, no. 11 (November 1, 2014): 2909–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-14-0051.1.

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Abstract The Southern Ocean allows circumpolar structure and the Antarctic coastline plays a role as a waveguide for oceanic Kelvin waves. Under the cyclic conditions, the horizontal wavenumbers and frequencies for circumpolarly propagating waves are quantized, with horizontal wavenumbers 1, 2, and 3, corresponding to periods of about 32, 16, and 11 h, respectively. At these frequencies, westward-propagating signals are detected in sea level variation observed at Antarctic coastal stations. The occurrence frequency of westward-propagating signals far exceeds the statistical significance, and the phase speed of the observed signal agrees well with the theoretical phase speed of external Kelvin waves. Therefore, this study concludes that the observed, westward-propagating sea level variability is a signal of the external Kelvin waves of wavenumbers 1, 2, and 3 around Antarctica. A series of numerical model experiments confirms that Kelvin waves around Antarctica are driven by surface air pressure and that these waves are excited not only by local forcing over the Southern Ocean, but also by remote forcing over the Pacific Ocean. Sea level variations generated over the Pacific Ocean can travel to the western side of the South American coast and cross over Drake Passage to the Antarctic continent, constituting a part of the Kelvin waves around Antarctica.
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Bell, Robin E., and Helene Seroussi. "History, mass loss, structure, and dynamic behavior of the Antarctic Ice Sheet." Science 367, no. 6484 (March 19, 2020): 1321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaz5489.

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Antarctica contains most of Earth’s fresh water stored in two large ice sheets. The more stable East Antarctic Ice Sheet is larger and older, rests on higher topography, and hides entire mountain ranges and ancient lakes. The less stable West Antarctic Ice Sheet is smaller and younger and was formed on what was once a shallow sea. Recent observations made with several independent satellite measurements demonstrate that several regions of Antarctica are losing mass, flowing faster, and retreating where ice is exposed to warm ocean waters. The Antarctic contribution to sea level rise has reached ~8 millimeters since 1992. In the future, if warming ocean waters and increased surface meltwater trigger faster ice flow, sea level rise will accelerate.
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MACKENSEN, ANDREAS. "Changing Southern Ocean palaeocirculation and effects on global climate." Antarctic Science 16, no. 4 (November 30, 2004): 369–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954102004002202.

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Southern Ocean palaeocirculation is clearly related to the formation of a continental ice sheet on Antarctica and the opening of gateways between Antarctica and the Australian and South American continents. Palaeoenvironmental proxy records from Southern Ocean sediment cores suggest ice growth on Antarctica beginning by at least 40 million years (Ma) ago, and the opening of Tasmania–Antarctic and Drake Passages to deep-water flow around 34 and 31 ± 2 Ma, respectively. So, the Eocene/Oligocene transition appears to mark the initiation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and thus the onset of thermal isolation of Antarctica with a first major ice volume growth on East Antarctic. There is no evidence for a significant cooling of the deep ocean associated with this rapid (< 350 000 years) continental ice build-up. After a long phase with frequent ice sheets growing and decaying, in the middle Miocene at about 14 Ma, a re-establishment of an ice sheet on East Antarctica and the Pacific margin of West Antarctica was associated with an increased southern bottom water formation, and a slight cooling of the deep ocean, but with no permanent drop in atmospheric pCO2. During the late Pleistocene on orbital time scales a temporal correlation between changes in atmospheric pCO2 and proxy records of deep ocean temperatures, continental ice volume, sea ice extension, and deep-water nutrient contents is documented. I discuss hypotheses that call for a dominant control of glacial to interglacial atmospheric pCO2 variations by Southern Ocean circulation dynamics. Millennial to centennial climate variability is a global feature, but there is contrasting evidence from various palaeoclimate archives that indicate both interhemispheric synchrony and asynchrony. The role of the Southern Ocean, however, in triggering or modulating climate variability on these time scales only recently received some attention and is not yet adequately investigated.
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Chown, Steven L., and Cassandra M. Brooks. "The State and Future of Antarctic Environments in a Global Context." Annual Review of Environment and Resources 44, no. 1 (October 17, 2019): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-101718-033236.

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Antarctica and the Southern Ocean comprise a critical part of the Earth System. Their environments are better understood than ever before, yet the region remains poorly considered among international agreements to improve the state of the global environment. In part the situation owes to isolated regional regulation within the Antarctic Treaty System, and in part to the dated notion that Antarctica and the Southern Ocean are well conserved and relatively free from human impact. Here we review growth in knowledge of Antarctic environments and anthropogenic pressures on them. We show that the region's unusual diversity is facing substantial local and globally mediated anthropogenic pressure, on a par with environments globally. Antarctic environmental management and regulation is being challenged to keep pace with the change. Much benefit can be derived from consideration of Antarctic environmental and resource management in the context of global agreements.
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Zhu, Jiangping, Aihong Xie, Xiang Qin, Bing Xu, and Yicheng Wang. "Assessment of Antarctic Amplification Based on a Reconstruction of Near-Surface Air Temperature." Atmosphere 14, no. 2 (January 20, 2023): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos14020218.

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Polar amplification has been a research focus in climate research in recent decades. However, little attention has been paid to Antarctic amplification (AnA). We have examined the variations in annual and seasonal temperature over the Antarctic Ice Sheet and its amplification based on reconstruction covering the period 2002–2018. The results show the occurrence of annual and seasonal AnA, with an AnA index greater than 1.39 with seasonal differences, and that AnA is strong in the austral winter and spring. Moreover, AnA displays regional differences, with the greatest amplification occurring in East Antarctica, with an AnA index greater than 1.51, followed by West Antarctica. AnA is always absent in the Antarctic Peninsula. In addition, amplification in East Antarctica is most conspicuous in spring, which corresponds to the obvious warming in this season; and the spring amplification signal is weakest for West Antarctica. When considering the influence of the ocean, the AnA becomes obvious, compared to when only the land is considered. Southern Annular Mode (SAM), surface pressure and westerlies work together to affect the temperature change over Antarctica and AnA; and SAM and surface pressure are highly correlated with the temperature change over East Antarctica. The picture reflects the accelerated changes in Antarctic temperature.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Antarctic Ocean and Antarctica"

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Scolardi, Kerri M. "Distribution, Metabolism and Trophic Ecology of the Antarctic Cydippid Ctenophore, Callianira antarctica, West of the Antarctic Peninsula." Scholar Commons, 2004. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1240.

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The distribution, abundance, chemical composition, metabolism, and feeding ecology of the tentaculate ctenophore, Callianira antarctica (Chun 1897), were investigated during austral winter 2001and autumn & winter 2002, in the vicinity of Marguerite Bay west of the Antarctic Peninsula. Callianira antarctica had a widespread distribution during autumn and winter, and variable abundance (0.02 to 2.6 ind. m-2) during winter 2001 associated with specific circulation features. Size frequency distributions for autumn and winter suggest that more than half of the C. antarctica population may have experienced 'degrowth' during winter due to low food availability. Callianira antarctica is a fairly robust ctenophore with geometric mean (geomean) carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) values of 8.41 and 1.83% dry weight (DW), respectively. Winter oxygen consumption and ammonium excretion rates ranged from 0.059 to 0.410 micro l O2 [mg DW]-1 h-1 and 0.60 to 31.1 µg-at N [g DW]-1 h-1, respectively, at 0oC. Daily minimum maintenance rations based on respiration experiments were 2.7% to 3.6% of the total body carbon (TBC) for small ctenophores, and 1.4% to 1.9% TBC for larger ctenophores. Calanoid copepods and larval and juvenile Antarctic krill were offered to ctenophores in incubation experiments. Digestion times were variable, lasting 8 to 20 h, and were independent of ctenophore size and dependent on number and type of prey. Gut content analysis from one autumn and two winter seasons indicated C. antarctica preyed on both copepods and krill in situ, with an increased dependence on larval krill during winter. Lipid biomarker analysis on C. antarctica and their potential prey confirmed these results. Divers observed aggregations of C. antarctica passively drifting with tentacles extended near dense concentrations of larval Euphausia superba during winter. These observations along with gut content and lipid biomarker analysis suggest that larval krill is an important prey item for C. antarctica during winter.
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Goddard, Paul B., Carolina O. Dufour, Jianjun Yin, Stephen M. Griffies, and Michael Winton. "CO2-Induced Ocean Warming of the Antarctic Continental Shelf in an Eddying Global Climate Model." AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626296.

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Ocean warming near the Antarctic ice shelves has critical implications for future ice sheet mass loss and global sea level rise. A global climate model with an eddying ocean is used to quantify the mechanisms contributing to ocean warming on the Antarctic continental shelf in an idealized 2xCO(2) experiment. The results indicate that relatively large warm anomalies occur both in the upper 100 m and at depths above the shelf floor, which are controlled by different mechanisms. The near-surface ocean warming is primarily a response to enhanced onshore advective heat transport across the shelf break. The deep shelf warming is initiated by onshore intrusions of relatively warm Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW), in density classes that access the shelf, as well as the reduction of the vertical mixing of heat. CO2-induced shelf freshening influences both warming mechanisms. The shelf freshening slows vertical mixing by limiting gravitational instabilities and the upward diffusion of heat associated with CDW, resulting in the buildup of heat at depth. Meanwhile, freshening near the shelf break enhances the lateral density gradient of the Antarctic Slope Front (ASF) and disconnect isopycnals between the shelf and CDW, making cross-ASF heat exchange more difficult. However, at several locations along the ASF, the cross-ASF heat transport is less inhibited and heat can move onshore. Once onshore, lateral and vertical heat advection work to disperse the heat anomalies across the shelf region. Understanding the inhomogeneous Antarctic shelf warming will lead to better projections of future ice sheet mass loss.
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Boehme, Lars. "The frontal system of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current : marine mammals as ocean explorers." Thesis, St Andrews, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/687.

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Williams, Adam Peter. "Antarctic climate : ocean fluxes and variability." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2008. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/63753/.

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The Southern Ocean plays a major role in the global overturning circulation, providing an important route for the return flow of deep water subducted in the North Atlantic. The World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) provided an unprecedented picture of the state of the world’s oceans and set new standards for high quality in-situ hydrographic data. This study combines the existing WOCE data set with new hydrographic sections, and output from global and regional ocean models to examine the mean state of the Southern Ocean circulation and the balance of fluxes around the Antarctic Circumpolar current. A historical data set in the region of Drake Passage is examined to study the large-scale water mass variability between 1926-2005. The water mass properties of the Lower Circumpolar Deep Water is constant within error bounds throughout the data set. A warming and freshening signal in the surface waters from 1997-2005 to the north of the Sub-Antarctic Front along SR01b is also presented. The major part of this work is based around an inverse study of the Southern Ocean that combines the WOCE data-set with contemporary sections, and other forcing fields to examine the balance of fluxes throughout the Southern Ocean. The study examines the effect of different parameterisations of the dianeutral mixing in the Southern Ocean, in light of the differing views of localised deep turbulent mixing from observations, and an adiabatic ocean interior from residual mean studies, The freshwater balance in the model is presented and its implications on the water mass formation and transformation of the upper and lower cells of the overturning circulation is discussed in detail.
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Lange, Louise. "Feeding dynamics and distribution of the hyperiid amphipod, Themisto gaudichaudii (Guérin, 1828) in the polar frontal zone, Southern Ocean." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005382.

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The population structure and feeding dynamics of the hyperiid amphipod, Themisto gaudichaudii, was investigated during two cruises of the South African National Antarctic Programme conducted in the Indian sector of the Polar Frontal Zone during austral autumn (April) 2004 and 2005. During the 2004 cruise the frontal features that delimit the PFZ converged to form a single distinctive feature. In 2005, the research cruise was conducted in the vicinity of a cold-core eddy which was spawned from the Antarctic Polar Front. Total mesozooplankton abundance and biomass during the 2004 study ranged from 55.19 to 860.57 ind. m⁻³, and from 2.60 to 38.42 mg dwt m⁻³, respectively. In 2005 the abundance and biomass ranged from 23.1 to 2160.64 ind. m⁻³, and from 0.76 to 35.16 mg dwt m⁻³, respectively. The mesozooplankton community was numerically dominated by copepods, pteropods, and ostracods during both surveys. The abundance and biomass of Themisto gaudichaudii in the region of investigation was < 0.2 ind. m⁻³ (range 0.01 to 0.15 ind. m⁻³) and < 0.06 mg dwt m⁻³ (range 0.02 to 0.06 mg dwt m⁻³) during 2004, while in 2005 the abundance and biomass of the amphipod ranged from < 0.01 to 0.2 ind. m⁻³ and < 0.01 to 0.04 mg dwt m⁻³, respectively. These values correspond to < 1% of the total mesozooplankton abundance and biomass during both surveys. T. gaudichaudii exhibited no significant spatial patterns in abundance, biomass and total length during both 2004 and 2005 (p > 0.05 in all cases). A key feature of the two investigations was the virtual absence of juveniles (total length < 15 mm) among the amphipod population, supporting the suggestion that they exhibit strong seasonal patterns in reproduction. Gut content analysis during both years indicated that for both the male and female amphipods’, copepods were the most prevalent prey species found in stomachs, followed by chaetognaths and pteropods. Results of electivity studies indicate that T. gaudichaudii is an opportunistic predator, generally feeding on the most abundant mesozooplankton prey. Results of in vitro incubations indicated that the total daily feeding rate of T. gaudichaudii during 2004 ranged from 11.45 to 20.90 ind. m⁻³ d⁻¹, which corresponds to between 0.12 and 1.64% of the total mesozooplankton standing stock. In 2005, the feeding rate ranged between 0.1 and 1.73% of the total mesozooplankton standing stock. The low predation impact of T. gaudichaudii during this study can be related to their low abundances and high interannual variability throughout the region of investigation.
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Daly, Ryan. "Trophodynamics of mesozooplankton in the the vicinity of the subtropical convergence in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005479.

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The trophodynamics of the numerically dominant mesozooplankton (200-2000 m) in the vicinity of the Subtropical Convergence (STC) in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean during austral autumn (April / May) 2007 were investigated as part of the Southern Ocean Ecosystem Variability Study. The survey consisted of six north-south transects each bisecting the STC between 38º to 43ºS and 38º to 41º45’E. In total, 48 stations situated at 30 nautical mile intervals were occupied over a period of ten days. Hydrographic data revealed a well defined surface and sub-surface expression of the STC, which appeared to meander considerably between 41ºS and 41º15’S. Surface chlorophyll-a (chla) concentrations were low, ranging between 0.08 and 0.68 mg chl-a.m-3 and were generally dominated by the picophytoplankton (<2 m) which made up 66.6% (SD±17.6) of the total pigment. Chl-a concentrations integrated over the top 150m of the water column ranged between 11.97 and 40.07 mg chl-a.m-2 and showed no significant spatial patterns (p>0.05). Total integrated mesozooplankton abundance and biomass during the study ranged between 3934.9 and 308521.4 ind.m-2 (mean = 47198.19; SD±62411.4 ind.m-2) and between 239.8 and 4614.3 mg Dwt.m-2 (mean = 1338.58; SD ±1060.5), respectively. Again, there were no significant spatial patterns in the total mesozooplankton abundance or biomass within the region of study (p>0.05). No significant correlations were found between biological (chlorophyll-a concentrations and zooplankton abundance) and physico-chemical variables (temperature and salinity) (p>0.05). The total mesozooplankton community was numerically dominated by copepods of the genera Pleuromamma, Calanus, Oncaea and Oithona. Other important representatives of the mesozooplankton community included the tunicate, Salpa thompsoni, and the pteropod, Limacina retroversa. At the 40% similarity level, numerical analysis identified five distinct mesozooplankton groupings within the survey area. Differences between the groupings were associated with changes in the relative contribution of numerically dominant species rather than the presence or absence of individual species. No groupings were associated with any specific feature of the front within the survey area. The feeding rates of the six most numerically abundant mesozooplankton species (Calanus simillimus, Limacina retroversa, Pleuromamma abdominalis, Clausocalanus breviceps, Oncaea conifera, Salpa thompsoni) accounting for on average 39% of the total mesozooplankton counts, were investigated using the gut fluorescence technique. For all species, the total gut pigment contents during the night time were significantly higher than the daytime values (p<0.05 for all species). The gut evacuation rates (k) for selected mesozooplankton ranged between 0.14 and 0.81 h-1. The ingestion rates ranged between 147.8 and 5495.4 ng(pigm)ind-1.day-1 which corresponded to a daily ration of between 2.4 and 10.9% body carbon. The combined grazing impact of the selected species on the daily phytoplankton standing stock was highly variable and ranged between 1.2 and 174.1% with an average of 27.3% (SD±38.78%) within the survey area. The highest grazing impact (>60%) was typically associated with those stations where the pteropod, L. retroversa, and the tunicate, S. thompsoni, contributed more than 5% of the total mesozooplankton counts. No significant differences were found in the grazing impact of any or all selected species situated either north, south or in the immediate vicinity of the front (p>0.05 in all cases). The lack of defined spatial patterns in the mesozooplankton abundance and community structure suggests that the STC did not act as a significant biogeographic barrier to the distribution of mesozooplankton during the study. It is presumed that the large scale mixing event caused by a storm prior to this study was responsible for the observed lack of elevated biological activity within the region of the STC.
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Grigorov, Ivo. "Southern Ocean palaeoceanography from Thalassiothrix antarctica deposits." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.413434.

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Sheen, Katy Louise. "Seismic oceanography : imaging the antarctic circumpolar current." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609132.

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Ombres, Erica H. "Gradients in Season, Latitude, and Sea Ice: Their Effect on Metabolism and Stable Isotopic Composition of Antarctic Micronekton." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4554.

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Respiration, metabolic enzyme assays, and body composition parameters were measured in the Antarctic krill Euphausia superba during the summer, fall and winter on the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP). E. superba of all sizes decrease their metabolism from the summer to the winter. These same parameters were also measured along the WAP during the austral fall 2010. E. superba's enzyme activity indicated that there was a latitudinal gradient to the decline in metabolism along the WAP with the more northerly sites having significantly higher metabolic enzyme activities than the sites to the south. Carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotopes were measured in E. superba along the WAP to determine if there were any latitudinal trends. δ13C showed a significant trend with latitude with more depleted δ13C values in the southern portion of the WAP. Carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotopes were also measured in two important prey fishes along the WAP, the silverfish Pleuragramma antarcticum and the myctophid Electrona antarctica. P. antarcticum had a more variable and more enriched δ13C value than E. antarctica indicative of P. antarcticum's more neritic habitat. There were no significant differences between the δ15N values of the two fish, indicating that although they feed in different areas they were feeding at the same trophic level. Carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotopes were measured in twenty species in the marginal ice zone (MIZ) of the Weddell Sea at the beginning of the austral summer. Samples were taken from under the ice, at the ice edge and in the open ocean. A significant trend in the δ13C values of all species was found with the under-ice δ13C values being more depleted than those in the open ocean. This is most likely due to the reduced atmospheric exchange of CO2, upwelled water with depleted δ13C values, and continuous biological respiration under the ice, all of which contribute to very depleted δ13C values. δ15N values were significantly lower in the open ocean than the other ice conditions due to the increased reliance on primary production. The diapausing copepods Calanoides acutus and Rhincalanus gigas showed similar patterns in their isotopic signatures across the ice zones. Cluster analysis revealed trophic shifts between the different ice zones. The ice edge zone proved to contain the most species and was the best habitat for most species. The trophic shifts observed within species in the differing ice conditions mimicked the seasonal changes they undergo during the course of the productive season every year.
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Zanowski, Hannah Marietta. "The Influence of Antarctic Open-Ocean Polynyas on the Abyssal Ocean." Thesis, Princeton University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10248291.

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In the mid-1970s, an enormous open-ocean polynya developed in the Weddell Sea. Since the Weddell Polynya's occurrence, no polynya of similar size or duration has been observed in the region. A polynya of this magnitude could significantly affect global abyssal ocean properties via increased Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) formation and large Weddell Sea water mass property perturbations. However, the scarcity of 1970s Weddell Sea observations, coupled with the sparseness of abyssal ocean observations, make it difficult to study this phenomenon's oceanic impact without models. This dissertation examines the influence of Weddell Polynyas on abyssal ocean water mass properties and circulation using the GFDL CM2G coupled climate model.

Abyssal ocean temperature, salinity, and water mass changes resulting from Weddell Polynyas are quantified in CM2G and compared to observations. The model polynyas initially cool the abyssal Southern Ocean and South Atlantic, but 2-3 decades after polynya cessation the same regions warm as they relax toward their mean state. Composites of multiple, spontaneously-occurring polynyas in CM2G reveal that up to 10% of recently observed warming in the abyssal Southern Ocean could be the result of the 1970s Weddell Polynya recovery.

Weddell Polynya transport mechanisms are also investigated. Polynya signal transport is governed by two processes acting on different timescales and spreading at different rates: 1) topographic and planetary waves that act on interannual-to-decadal timescales, and 2) advection that acts on decadal-to-centennial timescales. Both mechanisms generate property changes on isobaths. Despite different spreading rates, the advective and wave signals act contemporaneously in many Southern Hemisphere abyssal basins. The combined effect and relative magnitude of the two signals dictates the prevailing property changes.

During Weddell Polynyas, vigorous exchange occurs between the surface and deep waters, resulting in increased abyssal ventilation. In climate models, ideal age tracer is often used to investigate oceanic ventilation. This tracer suffers from several flaws that detract from its suitability as a ventilation diagnostic. We develop a new tracer, ?-age, that rectifies some of ideal age's problematic aspects and examine its utility in an offline tracer model.

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Books on the topic "Antarctic Ocean and Antarctica"

1

Stone, Lynn M. The Antarctic Ocean. Vero Beach, FL: Rourke Book Co., 1995.

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Antarctica: Beyond the southern ocean. Hauppauge, N.Y: Barron's Educational Series, 1997.

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Scientific Seminar on Antarctic Ocean Variability and its Influence on Marine Living Resources, Particularly Krill (1987 Paris, France). Antarctic Ocean and resources variability. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1988.

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Sahrhage, Dietrich, ed. Antarctic Ocean and Resources Variability. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73724-4.

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M, Kirwan Guy, ed. The complete guide to Antarctic wildlife: Birds and marine mammals of the Antarctic continent and the Southern Ocean. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2002.

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Kock, K. H. Antarctic fish and fisheries. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

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Brett, Jarrett, ed. A complete guide to Antarctic wildlife: The birds and marine mammals of the Antarctic continent and the southern ocean. 2nd ed. London: A & C Black, 2007.

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Gonzales, Doreen. The stormy southern ocean. Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow Publishers, Inc., 2013.

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Hislop, Cheryle. Protecting the Antarctic and Southern Ocean. Hobart: University of Tasmania Law School Press, 2004.

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Morozov, Eugene G., Mikhail V. Flint, and Vassily A. Spiridonov, eds. Antarctic Peninsula Region of the Southern Ocean. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78927-5.

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Book chapters on the topic "Antarctic Ocean and Antarctica"

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Brandt, A., C. De Broyer, B. Ebbe, K. E. Ellingsen, A. J. Gooday, D. Janussen, S. Kaiser, et al. "Southern Ocean Deep Benthic Biodiversity." In Antarctic Ecosystems, 291–334. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444347241.ch10.

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Trathan, Phil N., Jaume Forcada, and Eugene J. Murphy. "Environmental Forcing and Southern Ocean Marine Predator Populations." In Antarctic Ecosystems, 335–53. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444347241.ch11.

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Augstein, Ernst. "Future Ocean-Atmosphere Research in the Antarctic Region." In Antarctic Science, 278–82. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78711-9_17.

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Tréguer, Paul. "The Southern Ocean: Biogeochemical Cycles and Climate Changes." In Antarctic Science, 110–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78711-9_9.

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Macaya, Erasmo C., Fadia Tala, Iván A. Hinojosa, and Eva Rothäusler. "Detached Seaweeds as Important Dispersal Agents Across the Southern Ocean." In Antarctic Seaweeds, 59–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39448-6_4.

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Laskowski, Zdzisław, and Krzysztof Zdzitowiecki. "Acanthocephalans in Sub-Antarctic and Antarctic." In Biodiversity and Evolution of Parasitic Life in the Southern Ocean, 141–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46343-8_8.

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Clarke, A. "Temperature and Evolution: Southern Ocean Cooling and the Antarctic Marine Fauna." In Antarctic Ecosystems, 9–22. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84074-6_2.

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Bölter, M., B. von Bodungen, G. Liebezeit, and M. Meyer. "The Pelagic Ecosystem of the Bransfield Strait, Antarctica: An Analysis of Microbiological, Planktological and Chemical Characteristics by Multivariate Analyses." In Antarctic Ocean and Resources Variability, 160–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73724-4_13.

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Jouventin, P., and H. Weimerskirch. "Long-Term Changes in Seabird and Seal Populations in the Southern Ocean." In Antarctic Ecosystems, 208–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84074-6_22.

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Trivelpiece, W. Z., S. G. Trivelpiece, G. R. Geupel, J. Kjelmyr, and N. J. Volkman. "Adélie and Chinstrap Penguins: Their Potential as Monitors of the Southern Ocean Marine Ecosystem." In Antarctic Ecosystems, 191–202. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84074-6_20.

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Conference papers on the topic "Antarctic Ocean and Antarctica"

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Kim, YoungSeok, Seung-Seo Hong, Jung-Hee Park, Jae Mo Kang, and Jong-Sub Lee. "A Study on Characteristics of Frost Heaving With Soil Samples From Terra Nova in the East Antarctic Region." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-83119.

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The second scientific Antarctica station of South Korea is under construction at Terra Nova Bay located in east Antarctica. The objective of this study is the evaluation of the frost heave susceptibility of soils sampled from the second station site by performing laboratory frost heaving tests. Experiments are carried out with the soil specimens taken from five different areas at Terra Nova Bay. Test specimens are frozen with constant temperatures at the top and bottom of the specimen at −17 °C and 4 °C, respectively. In addition, grain size analyses and unfrozen water tests are also performed for monitoring the characteristics of the water contained in the permafrost. Frost susceptibility is evaluated by standard methods recommended in UK, US and Japan. Experimental results show that the more the fine contents exist in soils, the more frost heave occurs. The result denotes that grain size has a significant effect on frost heave. The results suggest that the frost heaving susceptibility of the frozen ground at the Antarctic site would be effectively evaluated through the grain size and the frost heaving parameters.
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Ahn, Se-Jin, Woo-Seong An, Tak-Kee Lee, and Kyungsik Choi. "An Analysis on the Change of Ship Speed According to Ice Load Signal in Continuous Icebreaking and Ramming." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77638.

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Recently, the research activities by domestic and overseas researchers using the Korean ice-breaking research vessel, ARAON have been actively conducted. The ARAON regularly operates for research activities in the Antarctic and the Arctic Ocean every year. She conducts many scientific and engineering tasks including ice load measurement, investigation of the properties of material strength for sea ice, and icebreaking performance test during her voyages. Such tests provide important data for studying icebreaker. Ice-breaking mode is determined by conditions of sea ice and ice field, and it is divided into ramming and continuous icebreaking. When the icebreaker meets thick ice or icebergs, the ramming is conducted. At that time, the ship speed is generally slower than that of the continuous icebreaking. The ARAON conducted icebreaking performance tests at the Amundsen Sea in Antarctica in 2012. Many strain data were measured in the ramming and the continuous icebreaking. This study was based on the strain gauge signals measured by the ARAON during the research voyage in 2012 in the Antarctic and 2010 in the Arctic. The signals measured from repetitive ramming under the heavy ice condition in 2012 in the Antarctic Ocean were classified into the five profiles. And the classified ice load signals were analyzed with a focus on raising time, half-decaying time and total time duration. Also, the signals measured from continuous icebreaking in 2010 in the Arctic Ocean were analyzed in the same way as the ramming data. Finally, the time histories of ice load signals were summarized from the viewpoint of speed change at the time of ice load, and two data sets were compared.
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Gerber, Hans W., and Gu¨nther F. Clauss. "MABEL: Recovery Operation of the First Long-Term Heavy Benthic Laboratory in the Deep Sea of Antarctica." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-80251.

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This paper deals with the recovery operation of the bottom station MABEL (Multidisciplinary Antarctic Benthic Laboratory) with a mass of 1,7 tons in air that has been deployed in December 2005 from the German research vessel Polarstern, by means of a release transponder at a water depth of 1850 m, close to the shelf ice edge near the German polar research station Neumayer. The project is run under the umbrella of the Italian Antarctic programme by the project leader INGV (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica i Vulcanlogia) /1/. During the cruise ANT XXV-2 of the Polarstern (organized by the German AWI - Alfred-Wegner-Institut) the German partners TFH Berlin and TU Berlin have been participating with their module MODUS (Mobile Docker for Underwater Sciences) to recover the station from the deep sea. The special circumstances in the Antarctic sea — the ice coverage of the deployment area and the tight time schedule for the operation — make such an operation quite delicate. This paper describes the special technology used both for the station and the recovery module. The operation itself will be discussed, showing the data of operation using a combined tracking of GPS-data and the underwater positioning system Posidonia of the Polarstern. The special circumstance of the operation was the inadequate data of the position achieved during the deployment, so that a safe search strategy had to be found. The mission ended successfully on December 16th, 2008 with the recovery of the MABEL station. Simulations for the system behaviour will be shown.
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Zhang, Hongyan, Shoko Hosoi-Tanabe, Shinichi Nagata, Syuhei Ban, and Satoshi Imura. "Cultivation and Characterization of Microorganisms in Antarctic Lakes." In OCEANS 2008 - MTS/IEEE Kobe Techno-Ocean. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceanskobe.2008.4531040.

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Nickerson, Brendon M., and Anriëtte Bekker. "Validation of External Moment Determination for the Shaft-Line of the S.A. Agulhas II." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96746.

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Abstract Full-scale measurements of shaft torque have been performed on several voyages of a polar supply and research vessel, the SA Agulhas II. Previous work has looked at the determination of the externally induced ice moments on the propeller to shed light on the expected loading conditions in the harsh Antarctic environments. This has been done by making use of a lumped mass model, measurements taken on the shaft-line and an inverse prediction algorithm. Thus the externally applied loads are determined through the internal measurements on the shaft-line. The work presented here is in an effort to assess the validity of the lumped mass model parameters used in the external moment determination process. Two methods of validation have been performed. The first is through the comparison of the lumped mass model to operational modal analysis data of the shaft-line, obtained during dry-dock operations in 2017. The second validation method that is considered relies on data recorded on board the SA Agulhas II during its 2018–19 Annual Relief Voyage to Antarctica. The shaft-line measurement system has been expanded to include the measurement of torque at a second location, further down the shaft. These two measurement locations are each used to determine the external loads and their results are compared. It was found that the results of the validation show correlation, albeit with some error, and that the developed method is valid for use in determining externally induced ice moments. However, there is room for improvement of the current external moment determination method.
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Hong, Seung-Seo, YoungSeok Kim, Jung-Hee Park, Jangguen Lee, and Jong-Sub Lee. "Temperature Distribution and Frozen Soil Characteristics at Jangbogo Antarctic Research Station." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-83121.

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Temperature monitoring along the depth in construction site of the Jangbogo Antarctic research station (74° 37′S, 164° 12′E) was carried out. The thermal behavior of the frozen ground was investigated. The temperatures were measured during site investigation from February 07, 2011 to February 12, 2011. The temperature profile was analyzed in the frozen ground. The results show that the increase along with the depth. This study demonstrates that the temperature profile obtained at this site could be effective reference for the construction of the research station in the Antarctic.
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Mahapatra, Kedarnath, Satsuki Matsumura, So Kawaguchi, and Yasuhiro Senga. "Bio-optical relationships in southwest Atlantic sector of Antarctic Ocean." In Ocean Optics XIII, edited by Steven G. Ackleson and Robert J. Frouin. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.266491.

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Inderbitzen, A., A. Betzel, M. Eichenberger, and J. Leiby. "The R/V Polar Duke - A new vessel for Antarctic research support." In OCEANS '85 - Ocean Engineering and the Environment. IEEE, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.1985.1160258.

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Claustre, Herve, Mark Moline, and Barbara Prezelin. "Variations in the water column photosynthetic cross section for Antarctic coastal waters." In Ocean Optics XIII, edited by Steven G. Ackleson and Robert J. Frouin. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.266412.

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Marynets, K. "Study of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current via the Shallow Water Large Scale Modelling." In Floating Offshore Energy Devices. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901731-11.

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Abstract. This paper proposes a modelling of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) by means of a two-point boundary value problem. As the major means of exchange of water between the great ocean basins (Atlantic, Pacific and Indian), the ACC plays a highly important role in the global climate. Despite its importance, it remains one of the most poorly understood components of global ocean circulation. We present some recent results on the existence and uniqueness of solutions of a two-point nonlinear boundary value problem that arises in the modeling of the flow of the (ACC) (see discussions in [4-9]).
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Reports on the topic "Antarctic Ocean and Antarctica"

1

Jones, Philip W. DOE Modeling Activities in the Antarctic/Southern Ocean Region. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1132538.

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Condron, Alan. Assessing Global Ocean Circulation Sensitivity to Changes in Antarctic Ice Discharge. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1560641.

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Cenedese, Claudia, and Mary-Louise Timmermans. 2017 program of studies: ice-ocean interactions. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1575/1912/27807.

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The 2017 Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Summer Study Program theme was Ice-Ocean Interactions. Three principal lecturers, Andrew Fowler (Oxford), Adrian Jenkins (British Antarctic Survey) and Fiamma Straneo (WHOI/Scripps Institution of Oceanography) were our expert guides for the first two weeks. Their captivating lectures covered topics ranging from the theoretical underpinnings of ice-sheet dynamics, to models and observations of ice-ocean interactions and high-latitude ocean circulation, to the role of the cryosphere in climate change. These icy topics did not end after the first two weeks. Several of the Fellows' projects related to ice-ocean dynamics and thermodynamics, and many visitors gave talks on these themes.
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Muench, Robin D. Dense Outflows and Deep Convection in the Antarctic Zone of the Southern Ocean. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada531830.

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Condron, Alan. Exploring the sensitivity of global ocean circulation to future ice loss from Antarctica. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1420141.

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Asay-Davis, Xylar. Final Report. Coupled simulations of Antarctic Ice-sheet/ocean interactions using POP and CISM. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1233439.

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Barry, J. P. Ocean current observations near McMurdo Station, Antarctica, 1993 to 1994: Relation to wastewater discharge dispersal. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/130648.

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Hoffman, Matthew. Mechanisms delaying glacier retreat in the presence of ocean temperature variability at Thwaites Glacier, Antarctica. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1814744.

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Barthel, Alice. High-resolution Southern Ocean heat transport modeling to better quantify uncertainties in future Antarctic melt [Slides]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1782608.

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Barry, J. P. Ocean current observations near McMurdo Station, Antarctica from 1991 to 1993: Relation to wastewater discharge dispersal. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10191362.

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