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Academic literature on the topic 'Antarctic ice cores'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Antarctic ice cores"

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Wolff, Eric, and Edward Brook. "Antarctic ice cores." PAGES news 15, no. 2 (October 2007): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22498/pages.15.2.11.

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Svensson, A., S. Fujita, M. Bigler, M. Braun, R. Dallmayr, V. Gkinis, K. Goto-Azuma, et al. "On the occurrence of annual layers in Dome Fuji ice core early Holocene ice." Climate of the Past 11, no. 9 (September 15, 2015): 1127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-11-1127-2015.

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Abstract. Whereas ice cores from high-accumulation sites in coastal Antarctica clearly demonstrate annual layering, it is debated whether a seasonal signal is also preserved in ice cores from lower-accumulation sites further inland and particularly on the East Antarctic Plateau. In this study, we examine 5 m of early Holocene ice from the Dome Fuji (DF) ice core at a high temporal resolution by continuous flow analysis. The ice was continuously analysed for concentrations of dust, sodium, ammonium, liquid conductivity, and water isotopic composition. Furthermore, a dielectric profiling was performed on the solid ice. In most of the analysed ice, the multi-parameter impurity data set appears to resolve the seasonal variability although the identification of annual layers is not always unambiguous. The study thus provides information on the snow accumulation process in central East Antarctica. A layer counting based on the same principles as those previously applied to the NGRIP (North Greenland Ice core Project) and the Antarctic EPICA (European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica) Dronning Maud Land (EDML) ice cores leads to a mean annual layer thickness for the DF ice of 3.0 ± 0.3 cm that compares well to existing estimates. The measured DF section is linked to the EDML ice core through a characteristic pattern of three significant acidity peaks that are present in both cores. The corresponding section of the EDML ice core has recently been dated by annual layer counting and the number of years identified independently in the two cores agree within error estimates. We therefore conclude that, to first order, the annual signal is preserved in this section of the DF core. This case study demonstrates the feasibility of determining annually deposited strata on the central East Antarctic Plateau. It also opens the possibility of resolving annual layers in the Eemian section of Antarctic ice cores where the accumulation is estimated to have been greater than in the Holocene.
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Röthlisberger, Regine, and Nerilie Abram. "Sea-ice proxies in Antarctic ice cores." PAGES news 17, no. 1 (January 2009): 24–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22498/pages.17.1.24.

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Tetzner, Dieter R., Claire S. Allen, and Elizabeth R. Thomas. "Regional variability of diatoms in ice cores from the Antarctic Peninsula and Ellsworth Land, Antarctica." Cryosphere 16, no. 3 (March 9, 2022): 779–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-779-2022.

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Abstract. The presence of marine microfossils (diatoms) in glacier ice and ice cores has been documented from numerous sites in Antarctica, Greenland, as well as from sites in the Andes and the Altai mountains, and attributed to entrainment and transport by winds. However, their presence and diversity in snow and ice, especially in polar regions, are not well documented and still poorly understood. Here we present the first data to resolve the regional and temporal distribution of diatoms in ice cores, spanning a 20-year period across four sites in the Antarctic Peninsula and Ellsworth Land, Antarctica. We assess the regional variability in diatom composition and abundance at annual and sub-annual resolution across all four sites. These data corroborate the prevalence of contemporary marine diatoms in Antarctic Peninsula ice cores, reveal that the timing and amount of diatoms deposited vary between low- and high-elevation sites, and support existing evidence that marine diatoms have the potential to yield a novel palaeoenvironmental proxy for ice cores in Antarctica.
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Buizert, Christo, T. J. Fudge, William H. G. Roberts, Eric J. Steig, Sam Sherriff-Tadano, Catherine Ritz, Eric Lefebvre, et al. "Antarctic surface temperature and elevation during the Last Glacial Maximum." Science 372, no. 6546 (June 3, 2021): 1097–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abd2897.

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Water-stable isotopes in polar ice cores are a widely used temperature proxy in paleoclimate reconstruction, yet calibration remains challenging in East Antarctica. Here, we reconstruct the magnitude and spatial pattern of Last Glacial Maximum surface cooling in Antarctica using borehole thermometry and firn properties in seven ice cores. West Antarctic sites cooled ~10°C relative to the preindustrial period. East Antarctic sites show a range from ~4° to ~7°C cooling, which is consistent with the results of global climate models when the effects of topographic changes indicated with ice core air-content data are included, but less than those indicated with the use of water-stable isotopes calibrated against modern spatial gradients. An altered Antarctic temperature inversion during the glacial reconciles our estimates with water-isotope observations.
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Dixon, Daniel, Paul A. Mayewski, Susan Kaspari, Karl Kreutz, Gordon Hamilton, Kirk Maasch, Sharon B. Sneed, and Michael J. Handley. "A 200 year sulfate record from 16 Antarctic ice cores and associations with Southern Ocean sea-ice extent." Annals of Glaciology 41 (2005): 155–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756405781813366.

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AbstractChemistry data from 16, 50–115m deep, sub-annually dated ice cores are used to investigate spatial and temporal concentration variability of sea-salt (ss) SO42– and excess (xs) SO42– over West Antarctica and the South Pole for the last 200 years. Low-elevation ice-core sites in western West Antarctica contain higher concentrations of SO42– as a result of cyclogenesis over the Ross Ice Shelf and proximity to the Ross Sea Polynya. Linear correlation analysis of 15 West Antarctic ice-core SO42– time series demonstrates that at several sites concentrations of ssSO42– are higher when sea-ice extent (SIE) is greater, and the inverse for xsSO42–. Concentrations of xsSO42– from the South Pole site (East Antarctica) are associated with SIE from the Weddell region, and West Antarctic xsSO42– concentrations are associated with SIE from the Bellingshausen–Amundsen–Ross region. The only notable rise of the last 200 years in xsSO42–, around 1940, is not related to SIE fluctuations and is most likely a result of increased xsSO42– production in the mid–low latitudes and/or an increase in transport efficiency from the mid–low latitudes to central West Antarctica. These high-resolution records show that the source types and source areas of ssSO42– and xsSO42– delivered to eastern and western West Antarctica and the South Pole differ from site to site but can best be resolved using records from spatial ice-core arrays such as the International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition (ITASE).
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Svensson, A., S. Fujita, M. Bigler, M. Braun, R. Dallmayr, V. Gkinis, K. Goto-Azuma, et al. "On the occurrence of annual layers in Dome Fuji ice core early Holocene ice." Climate of the Past Discussions 11, no. 2 (March 27, 2015): 805–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cpd-11-805-2015.

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Abstract. Whereas ice cores from high accumulation sites in coastal Antarctica clearly demonstrate annual layering, it is debated whether a seasonal signal is also preserved in ice cores from lower accumulation sites further inland and particularly on the East Antarctic Plateau. In this study, we examine five metres of early Holocene ice from the Dome Fuji (DF) ice core in high temporal resolution by continuous flow analysis. The ice was continuously analyzed for concentrations of dust, sodium, ammonium, liquid conductivity, and water isotopic composition. Furthermore, a dielectric profiling was performed on the solid ice. In most of the analyzed ice, the multi-parameter impurity dataset appears to resolve the seasonal variability although the identification of annual layers is not always unambiguous. A layer counting based on the same principles as those previously applied to the Greenland NGRIP and the Antarctic EPICA Dronning Maud Land (EDML) ice cores leads to a mean annual layer thickness for the DF ice of 3.0 ± 0.3 cm that compares well to existing estimates. The measured DF section is linked to the EDML ice core through a characteristic pattern of three significant acidity peaks that are present in both cores. The corresponding section of the EDML ice core has recently been dated by annual layer counting and the number of years identified independently in the two cores agree within error estimates. We therefore conclude that, to first order, the annual signal is preserved in this section of the DF core. This case study demonstrates the feasibility of determining annually deposited strata on the central Eastern Antarctic Plateau. It also opens the possibility of resolving annual layers in the Eemian section of the DF ice core where the accumulation is estimated to have been greater than in the Holocene.
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Beer, J., H. Oeschger, G. Bonani, M. Suter, and W. Wölfli. "10Be Concentrations in Antarctic Ice." Annals of Glaciology 10 (1988): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500004456.

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Measurements of the cosmogenic isotope 10Be (T½ = 1.5 Ma) on Greenland ice cores produced interesting results. Variations in the 10Be concentrations can be interpreted in terms of changes in the production rate and in atmospheric circulation and deposition. During the Holocene, good agreement between short-term variations in 10Be and 14C indicates that the production rate of both isotopes was changing, probably due to solar modulation.During the last ice age, periods with significantly higher 10Be concentrations are observed. The good anti-correlation between 10Be and δ18O suggests that these intervals correspond to periods of low precipitation rates.Work on Antarctic ice cores is in progress, but only relatively few 10Be data have been published yet. 10 Be results from Antarctic ice cores are presented and compared with data from Greenland.
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Beer, J., H. Oeschger, G. Bonani, M. Suter, and W. Wölfli. "10Be Concentrations in Antarctic Ice." Annals of Glaciology 10 (1988): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500004456.

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Measurements of the cosmogenic isotope 10Be (T½ = 1.5 Ma) on Greenland ice cores produced interesting results. Variations in the 10Be concentrations can be interpreted in terms of changes in the production rate and in atmospheric circulation and deposition. During the Holocene, good agreement between short-term variations in 10Be and 14C indicates that the production rate of both isotopes was changing, probably due to solar modulation. During the last ice age, periods with significantly higher 10Be concentrations are observed. The good anti-correlation between 10Be and δ18O suggests that these intervals correspond to periods of low precipitation rates. Work on Antarctic ice cores is in progress, but only relatively few 10Be data have been published yet. 10 Be results from Antarctic ice cores are presented and compared with data from Greenland.
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McKay, R. M., P. J. Barrett, R. S. Levy, T. R. Naish, N. R. Golledge, and A. Pyne. "Antarctic Cenozoic climate history from sedimentary records: ANDRILL and beyond." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 374, no. 2059 (January 28, 2016): 20140301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2014.0301.

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Mounting evidence from models and geological data implies that the Antarctic Ice Sheet may behave in an unstable manner and retreat rapidly in response to a warming climate, which is a key factor motivating efforts to improve estimates of Antarctic ice volume contributions to future sea-level rise. Here, we review Antarctic cooling history since peak temperatures of the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (approx. 50 Ma) to provide a framework for future initiatives to recover sediment cores from subglacial lakes and sedimentary basins in Antarctica's continental interior. While the existing inventory of cores has yielded important insights into the biotic and climatic evolution of Antarctica, strata have numerous and often lengthy time breaks, providing a framework of ‘snapshots’ through time. Further cores, and more work on existing cores, are needed to reconcile Antarctic records with the more continuous ‘far-field’ records documenting the evolution of global ice volume and deep-sea temperature. To achieve this, we argue for an integrated portfolio of drilling and coring missions that encompasses existing methodologies using ship- and sea-ice-/ice-shelf-based drilling platforms as well as recently developed seafloor-based drilling and subglacial access systems. We conclude by reviewing key technological issues that will need to be overcome.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Antarctic ice cores"

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Pasteur, Elizabeth. "Biogenic sulphur in Antarctic ice cores." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318083.

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Conway, T. M. "Solubility and bioavailability of iron from dust in Antarctic ice cores." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597913.

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The Iron Hypothesis suggests that an increased flux of aerosol iron to the Southern Ocean (and other Fe limited regions of the ocean) during glacial intervals may have stimulated primary productivity. This could have resulted in more storage of carbon in the deep ocean and less in the atmosphere. This study was designed to increase our understanding of the iron hypothesis, by increasing constraints on several aspects of the theory. The results show that the mean aerosol Fe solubility at Dome C during the Last Glacial Maximum was relatively high (10%), compared to the solubility of typical crustal materials and assumptions used in previous models of ocean biogeochemistry, but also very variable (1-42%). Measurements of other major elemental concentrations in ice were made to assess their suitability for use as proxies of Fe concentrations in dust and to discriminate changes in dust composition and mineralogy. This study shows that ice core Ca concentration is a good proxy for total, but not seawater-soluble, aerosol Fe concentration. These results suggest that atmospheric dust which was deposited at Dome C was enriched in K-rich clay minerals over the Patagonian source regions. New methods were developed to sublimate ice-core material to extract dry dust for use in biological incubation experiments. This study has been the first to incubate siliceous Antarctic phytoplankton (diatoms) with dust of last glacial maximum age, extracted from the EDC ice core, under realistic conditions. The results show that dissolved Fe released from dust had a direct fertilising effect.
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Dixon, Daniel A. "A 200-year Sulfate Record from 16 Antarctic Ice Cores and Associations with Southern Ocean Sea Ice Extent." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/DixonDA2004.pdf.

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Williams, Jessica. "Toward a Better Understanding of Recent Warming of the Central West Antarctic Ice Sheet from Shallow Firn Cores." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3939.

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Previous studies have shown significant warming through the 1990s in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS); but the records used in those studies end in early 2000, preventing trend analysis into the latest decade. Fourteen new snowpits and firn cores were collected in 2010 and 2011, which have been combined with previous cores to extend the isotopic records over WAIS. Significance of these isotopic patterns across WAIS was determined and is used to re-evaluate the warming of the West Antarctic interior over recent decades. We find that isotopic records longer than 50 years are needed to assess climate trends due to decadal variability. When assessed over periods greater than 50 years, there is a statistically significant warming trend over central WAIS. However, the isotopes in the 2000s are anomalously low in the isotopic records, which challenge the recent suggestion that the warming trend is accelerating. We attribute the isotopic low over the most recent decade to the coupling effect of anomalously low temperatures over central WAIS and associated increase in sea ice in the adjacent seas. This work strongly indicates that decadal variability and likely climate trends are both driven, at least in part, by atmospheric variability in the tropics as well as at high latitudes.
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Massam, Ashleigh. "Modelling the age-depth and temperature profiles of deep ice cores from the Antarctic Peninsula and the Weddell Sea region." Thesis, Durham University, 2017. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/12678/.

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Three deep ice cores, obtained from Fletcher Promontory, Berkner Island, and James Ross Island across the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) and Weddell Sea region, preserve a climate record that can yield important information on the region. However, before this information can be interpreted, an accurate age-depth profile is required. This study seeks to develop optimal age-depth profiles for the three deep ice cores. The first branch of work is a modelling synthesis of the different physical relationships that reconstruct past surface temperature, accumulation, and the subsequent compaction of accumulation to annual layer thickness (thinning) at an ice-core site. From these relationships, one can estimate an age-depth profile for an ice core. The second half of the study includes the results of chemical analysis on the three deep ice cores. The results of these analyses yield observational data that has been used to assess the accuracy and reliability of the modelling results presented in this part of the study. The OptAcc age-depth model has been developed through this study; it uses an inverse approach to anchor reconstructed profiles of accumulation, thinning, and annual layer thickness profiles to observational data preserved in the ice core. This has been done for the deep ice cores from the AP and Weddell Sea region. Interpretation of the results from this study provides information on the climate history of the region. In particular, the OptAcc model suggests that the coastal proximity of each ice core site leads to high inter-annual variability in accumulation that cannot be reconstructed using standard mathematical relationships. Additionally, an accurate surface temperature, accumulation and age-depth reconstruction for each ice-core site over the Holocene period suggests that an increase in the mean annual surface temperature of 1-3 K is sufficient to lead to significant deglaciation of the AP and Weddell Sea region.
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Criscitiello, Alison Sara. "Amundsen Sea sea-ice variability, atmospheric circulation, and spatial variations in snow isotopic composition from new West Antarctic firn cores." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87517.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2014.
Page 242 blank. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Recent work has documented dramatic changes in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) over the past 30 years (e.g., mass loss, glacier acceleration, surface warming) due largely to the influence of the marine environment. WAIS is particularly vulnerable to large-scale atmospheric dynamics that remotely influence the transport of marine aerosols to the ice sheet. Understanding seasonal- to decadal-scale changes in the marine influence on WAIS (particularly sea-ice concentration) is vital to our ability to predict future change. In this thesis, I develop tools that enable us to reconstruct the source and transport variability of marine aerosols to West Antarctica in the past. I validate new firn-core sea-ice proxies over the satellite era; results indicate that firn-core glaciochemical records from this dynamic region may provide a proxy for reconstructing Amundsen Sea and Pine Island Bay polynya variability prior to the satellite era. I next investigate the remote influence of tropical Pacific variability on marine aerosol transport to West Antarctica. Results illustrate that both source and transport of marine aerosols to West Antarctica are controlled by remote atmospheric forcing, linking local dynamics (e.g., katabatic winds) with large-scale teleconnections to the tropics (e.g., Rossby waves). Oxygen isotope records allow me to further investigate the relationship between West Antarctic firn-core records and temperature, precipitation origin, sea-ice variability, and large-scale atmospheric circulation. I show that the tropical Pacific remotely influences the source and transport of the isotopic signal to the coastal ice sheet. The regional firm-core array reveals a spatially varying response to remote tropical Pacific forcing. Finally, I investigate longer-term (-200 year) ocean and ice-sheet changes using the methods and results gleaned from the previous work. I utilize sea-ice proxies to reconstruct long-term changes in sea-ice and polynya variability in the Amundsen Sea, and show that the tropics remotely influence West Antarctica over decadal timescales. This thesis utilizes some of the highest-resolution, most coastal records in the region to date, and provides some of the first analyses of the seasonal- to decadal-scale controls on source and transport of marine aerosols to West Antarctica.
by Alison Sara Criscitiello.
Ph. D.
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Harder, Susan. "Deposition of sulfate aerosol and isotopes of beryllium to the antarctic snow surface and implications for ice cores and climate /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/11544.

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Bazin, Lucie. "Analyse de l’air piégé dans les carottes de glace de Dôme C et Talos Dôme pour mieux contraindre le rôle du forçage orbital et des gaz à effet de serre dans les variations glaciaire-interglaciaire." Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VERS013V/document.

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Afin d’étudier les variations climatiques enregistrées par les carottes de glace, il est nécessaire d’avoir des datations précises à la fois pour les phases gaz et glace. Le but de ce travail de thèse a été d’améliorer les chronologies des carottes de glace, couvrant les derniers 800 000 ans, au travers de nouvelles mesures de la composition isotopique de l’air (δ15N, δ18Oatm et δO2/N2) piégé dans la glace d’EPICA Dôme C (EDC) et de l’utilisation de l’outil de datation "Datice". Le premier résultat important de cette thèse a été la production de la chronologie cohérente pour les carottes de glace ("Antarctic Ice Core Chronology", AICC2012) pour EDC, Vostok, EPICA Droning Maud Land (EDML), TALos Dôme ICE core (TALDICE) et NorthGRIP. Sur cette nouvelle chronologie la théorie du see-saw bipolaire reste valable. AICC2012 donne un âge pour la Terminaison II en accord avec les autres archives climatiques. De plus, les durées des périodes interglaciaires restent inchangées par rapport à la chronologie EDC3. Lors de la construction d’AICC2012 nous avons mis en évidence plusieurs points nécessitant des améliorations. Nous avons donc procédé à l’amélioration de Datice dans le but d’intégrer correctement les contraintes issues du comptage des couches annuelles et leurs erreurs. Ces améliorations conduisent à des chronologies cohérentes tout en respectant les hypothèses sous-jacentes à Datice. Nous proposons aussi une nouvelle formulation de l’erreur associée à la fonction d’amincissement à partir de l’analyse des propriétés mécaniques de la glace dans le cas d’EDC. Pour finir, les nouvelles mesures du δO2/N2 et du δ18Oatm effectuées sur de la glace bien conservée d’EDC nous ont permis de définir de nouvelles contraintes d’âge. La comparaison de ces traceurs mesurés à Vostok, EDC et Dôme F sur le MIS 5 a permis de mettre en évidence une possible influence de paramètres climatiques locaux sur le δO2/N2. L’analyse du retard entre le δ18Oatm et la précession sur les derniers 800 ka montre des variations de ce dernier. Nous suggérons que ce retard est augmenté par l’occurence d’évènements de Heinrich à certaines périodes. Les résultats de cette thèse sont à prendre en compte pour le prochain exercice de datation cohérente pour les carottes de glace
In order to study the climate variations recorded by ice cores, it is necessary to have precise chronologies for the ice and gas phases. The aim of this work has been to improve ice cores chronologies, covering the last 800 000 years, through new measurements of the isotopic composition of the air δ15N, δ18Oatm et δO2/N2) trapped in EPICA Dome C (EDC) ice core and the use of the Datice dating tool.The first important result of this PhD has been the production of the Antarctic Ice Core Chronology (AICC2012), common for EDC, Vostok, EPICA Droning Maud Land (EDML), TALos Dome ICE core (TALDICE) and NorthGRIP ice cores. The bipolar see-saw theory is still valid on the new chronology. The AICC2012 chronology gives an age for Termination II in good agreement with other climate archives. Moreover, the duration of interglacial periods is unchanged compared to EDC3. While building the AICC2012 chronology, we have pointed out several limitations. Since then, we have improved Datice in order to correctly integrate constraints deduced from layer counting and their associated uncertainties. These improvements permit to build coherent chronologies respecting the underlying hypotheses of Datice. Moreover, we propose a new parameterization of the uncertainty associated with the background thinning function based on ice mechanical properties of EDC ice core. Finally, we were able to deduce new age constraints thanks to the new measurements of δO2/N2 and δ18Oatm performed on well-conserved ice from EDC. A multi-proxy comparison of Vostok, EDC and Dome F ice cores over MIS 5 has highlighted a possible influence of local climatic parameters on δO2/N2. The analysis of the delay between δ18Oatm and precession shows some variability over the last 800 ka. We propose that the delay between δ18Oatm and precession is increased during periods associated with Heinrich events. The results obtained during this PhD should be used for the next ice core coherent chronology
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Kaspari, Susan. "Climate Variability in West Antarctica Derived from Accumulation and Marine Aerosol Records from ITASE Firn/Ice Cores." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2004. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/KaspariS2004.pdf.

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Carlos, Franciéle Schwanck. "Variabilidade química e climática no registro do Testemunho de Gelo Mount Johns – Antártica." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/139089.

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Esta tese interpreta o registro ambiental de um testemunho de gelo antártico pela análise de elementostraço. Esse testemunho de gelo, daqui em diante chamado Mount Johns (MJ), foi coletado no manto de gelo da Antártica Ocidental (79°55’28”S e 94°23’18”W; 91,20 m de comprimento) no verão austral de 2008/09. O testemunho foi descontaminado e subamostrado no Climate Change Institute (University of Maine – Maine /EUA). As primeiras 2137 amostras, correspondentes aos 45 m superiores do testemunho, foram analisadas no espectrômetro de massas Element 2 do CCI para 24 elementos-traço (Sr, Cd, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Pb, Bi, U, As, Li, Al, S, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Na, Mg e K). Essa parte do testemunho representa 125 anos (1883–2008) de registro, segundo datação relativa baseada na variação sazonal nas concentrações de Na, Sr e S e na identificação dos principais eventos vulcânicos ocorridos no período. A taxa de acumulação média no local de amostragem foi 0,21 m a-1 em eq. H2O no mesmo período de tempo. As concentrações são controladas pelas variações climáticas sazonais (verão/inverno), por mudanças na circulação atmosféricas, por anomalias de temperatura, pela distância de transporte e pelas fontes naturais e antrópicas desses aerossóis. Baseada na análise dos fatores de enriquecimento crustal e marinho e em correlações de Pearson, as concentrações de Al, Ba, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, S, Sr e Ti são de origem natural. Poeira e solo de fontes continentais, oriundas principalmente de áreas áridas na Austrália, Nova Zelândia e Patagônia, são consideradas importantes fontes de Al, Mg e Ti. Aerossóis marinhos do Pacífico Sul, transportados para o continente antártico pelas massas de ar, são fontes predominantes de Na, Sr, K, S e Ca. Para os elementos Ba, Fe e Mn, tanto fontes crustais como marinhas são significativas. Adicionalmente, Mn e S apresentam um aporte considerável de origem vulcânica (variando de 20–30% na concentração total). Os resultados também mostram enriquecimento significativo nas concentrações de arsênio devido a atividades antrópicas. Foi observado concentrações médias da ordem de 1,92 pg g-1 antes de 1900, aumentando até 7,94 pg g-1 em 1950. Este enriquecimento está diretamente relacionado às emissões da mineração e fundição de metais não-ferrosos na América do Sul, principalmente no Chile. A queda na concentração de arsênio observado no século XXI (concentração média de 1,94 pg g-1 após 1999) é interpretada como uma consequência à introdução de leis ambientais (em 1994) para reduzir emissões desse elemento durante os processos de mineração e fundição de cobre no Chile. O modelo de trajetórias HYSPLIT mostra uma clara variação sazonal no transporte entre os meses de verão/outono e inverno/primavera, onde predomina o transporte de oeste durante o ano todo e um transporte secundário de nordeste durante o verão/outono. As correlações entre as concentrações médias dos elementos-traço estudados e o modelo de reanálises ERA-Interim para o período 1979–2008, indicam que as concentrações de aerossóis marinhos são fortemente influenciadas pelas condições meteorológicas, por exemplo, por anomalias na temperatura da superfície do mar e concentração de gelo marinho.
This thesis interprets the environmental record of an Antarctic ice core by the analysis of trace elements. This ice core, henceforward called Mount Johns (MJ), was collected in the West Antarctica ice sheet (79°55'28"S and 94°23'18"W; 91.20 m long) in the austral summer of 2008/09. The core was decontaminated and subsampled at the Climate Change Institute (CCI, University of Maine - Maine / USA). The first 2137 samples, corresponding to the upper 45 m of the core, were analyzed in the CCI's JRC Element 2 spectrometer for 24 trace elements (Sr, Cd, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Pb, Bi, U, As, Li, Al, S, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Na, Mg and K). This part of the core represents a 125 years (1883– 2008) record, according to relative dating based on Na, Sr and S seasonal variations and on the identification of major volcanic events in the period. The mean accumulation rate for the sampling site was 0.21 m-1 in eq. H2O in the same time period. The concentrations are controlled by seasonal climatic changes (summer/winter), by changes in atmospheric circulation, temperature anomalies, the transport distance and the natural and anthropogenic sources of these aerosols. Based on analysis of crustal and marine enrichment factors and Pearson correlations, the Al, Ba, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, S, Sr and Ti concentrations have natural origin. Dust and soil from continental sources, primarily coming from arid areas in Australia, New Zealand and Patagonia, are considered important sources of Al, Mg and Ti. South Pacific marine aerosols, transported to the Antarctic continent by air masses, are predominant sources of Na, Sr, K, S and Ca. For the elements Ba, Fe and Mn, both crustal and marine sources are significant. In addition, Mn and S show a considerable contribution of volcanic origin (ranging from 20-30% of the total concentration). The results also show significant enrichment in arsenic concentrations due to human activities. Before 1900 the mean concentration was approximately 1.92 pg g-1, rising to 7.94 pg g-1 in 1950. This enrichment is directly related to mining emissions and casting of non-ferrous metals in South America, mainly in Chile. The decrease in the arsenic concentration, observed in the twenty-first century (mean concentration of 1.94 pg g-1 after 1999) is interpreted as a consequence of the introduction of environmental laws (in 1994) to reduce emissions of this element during the cupper mining and smelting in Chile. The HYSPLIT trajectories model show a clear seasonal variation in transport between the summer/autumn all and winter/spring months, where predominates an eastward transport throughout the year and a secondary transport from the northeast during the summer/fall. Correlations between the mean concentrations of the studied trace elements and the ERA-Interim reanalysis models for the 1979-2008 period indicate that marine aerosols concentrations are heavily influenced by weather conditions, for example, by sea surface temperature and sea ice concentration anomalies.
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Books on the topic "Antarctic ice cores"

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Steinhage, Daniel. Beiträge aus geophysikalischen Messungen in Dronning Maud Land, Antarktis, zur Auffindung eines optimalen Bohrpunktes für eine Eiskerntiefbohrung =: Contributions of geophysical measurements in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, locating an optimal drill site for a deep ice core drilling. Bremerhaven: Alfred-Wegener-Institut für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 2001.

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Lurcock, Pontus, and Fabio Florindo. Antarctic Climate History and Global Climate Changes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190676889.013.18.

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Antarctic climate changes have been reconstructed from ice and sediment cores and numerical models (which also predict future changes). Major ice sheets first appeared 34 million years ago (Ma) and fluctuated throughout the Oligocene, with an overall cooling trend. Ice volume more than doubled at the Oligocene-Miocene boundary. Fluctuating Miocene temperatures peaked at 17–14 Ma, followed by dramatic cooling. Cooling continued through the Pliocene and Pleistocene, with another major glacial expansion at 3–2 Ma. Several interacting drivers control Antarctic climate. On timescales of 10,000–100,000 years, insolation varies with orbital cycles, causing periodic climate variations. Opening of Southern Ocean gateways produced a circumpolar current that thermally isolated Antarctica. Declining atmospheric CO2 triggered Cenozoic glaciation. Antarctic glaciations affect global climate by lowering sea level, intensifying atmospheric circulation, and increasing planetary albedo. Ice sheets interact with ocean water, forming water masses that play a key role in global ocean circulation.
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Lurcock, Pontus, and Fabio Florindo. Antarctic Climate History and Global Climate Changes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190699420.013.18.

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Antarctic climate changes have been reconstructed from ice and sediment cores and numerical models (which also predict future changes). Major ice sheets first appeared 34 million years ago (Ma) and fluctuated throughout the Oligocene, with an overall cooling trend. Ice volume more than doubled at the Oligocene-Miocene boundary. Fluctuating Miocene temperatures peaked at 17–14 Ma, followed by dramatic cooling. Cooling continued through the Pliocene and Pleistocene, with another major glacial expansion at 3–2 Ma. Several interacting drivers control Antarctic climate. On timescales of 10,000–100,000 years, insolation varies with orbital cycles, causing periodic climate variations. Opening of Southern Ocean gateways produced a circumpolar current that thermally isolated Antarctica. Declining atmospheric CO2 triggered Cenozoic glaciation. Antarctic glaciations affect global climate by lowering sea level, intensifying atmospheric circulation, and increasing planetary albedo. Ice sheets interact with ocean water, forming water masses that play a key role in global ocean circulation.
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The Frozen Record: Examining the Ice Core History of the Greenland and Antarctic Ice Sheets (Icr Technical Monograph). Institute for Creation Research, 2005.

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Benestad, Rasmus. Climate in the Barents Region. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.655.

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The Barents Sea is a region of the Arctic Ocean named after one of its first known explorers (1594–1597), Willem Barentsz from the Netherlands, although there are accounts of earlier explorations: the Norwegian seafarer Ottar rounded the northern tip of Europe and explored the Barents and White Seas between 870 and 890 ce, a journey followed by a number of Norsemen; Pomors hunted seals and walruses in the region; and Novgorodian merchants engaged in the fur trade. These seafarers were probably the first to accumulate knowledge about the nature of sea ice in the Barents region; however, scientific expeditions and the exploration of the climate of the region had to wait until the invention and employment of scientific instruments such as the thermometer and barometer. Most of the early exploration involved mapping the land and the sea ice and making geographical observations. There were also many unsuccessful attempts to use the Northeast Passage to reach the Bering Strait. The first scientific expeditions involved F. P. Litke (1821±1824), P. K. Pakhtusov (1834±1835), A. K. Tsivol’ka (1837±1839), and Henrik Mohn (1876–1878), who recorded oceanographic, ice, and meteorological conditions.The scientific study of the Barents region and its climate has been spearheaded by a number of campaigns. There were four generations of the International Polar Year (IPY): 1882–1883, 1932–1933, 1957–1958, and 2007–2008. A British polar campaign was launched in July 1945 with Antarctic operations administered by the Colonial Office, renamed as the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS); it included a scientific bureau by 1950. It was rebranded as the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) in 1962 (British Antarctic Survey History leaflet). While BAS had its initial emphasis on the Antarctic, it has also been involved in science projects in the Barents region. The most dedicated mission to the Arctic and the Barents region has been the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), which has commissioned a series of reports on the Arctic climate: the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA) report, the Snow Water Ice and Permafrost in the Arctic (SWIPA) report, and the Adaptive Actions in a Changing Arctic (AACA) report.The climate of the Barents Sea is strongly influenced by the warm waters from the Norwegian current bringing heat from the subtropical North Atlantic. The region is 10°C–15°C warmer than the average temperature on the same latitude, and a large part of the Barents Sea is open water even in winter. It is roughly bounded by the Svalbard archipelago, northern Fennoscandia, the Kanin Peninsula, Kolguyev Island, Novaya Zemlya, and Franz Josef Land, and is a shallow ocean basin which constrains physical processes such as currents and convection. To the west, the Greenland Sea forms a buffer region with some of the strongest temperature gradients on earth between Iceland and Greenland. The combination of a strong temperature gradient and westerlies influences air pressure, wind patterns, and storm tracks. The strong temperature contrast between sea ice and open water in the northern part sets the stage for polar lows, as well as heat and moisture exchange between ocean and atmosphere. Glaciers on the Arctic islands generate icebergs, which may drift in the Barents Sea subject to wind and ocean currents.The land encircling the Barents Sea includes regions with permafrost and tundra. Precipitation comes mainly from synoptic storms and weather fronts; it falls as snow in the winter and rain in the summer. The land area is snow-covered in winter, and rivers in the region drain the rainwater and meltwater into the Barents Sea. Pronounced natural variations in the seasonal weather statistics can be linked to variations in the polar jet stream and Rossby waves, which result in a clustering of storm activity, blocking high-pressure systems. The Barents region is subject to rapid climate change due to a “polar amplification,” and observations from Svalbard suggest that the past warming trend ranks among the strongest recorded on earth. The regional change is reinforced by a number of feedback effects, such as receding sea-ice cover and influx of mild moist air from the south.
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Book chapters on the topic "Antarctic ice cores"

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Schneider, David P., Eric J. Steig, Tas D. van Ommen, Daniel A. Dixon, Paul A. Mayewski, Julie M. Jones, and Cecilia M. Bitz. "Antarctic Temperatures Over the Past two Centuries from Ice Cores." In Collected Reprint Series, 1–5. Washington, DC: American Geophysical Union, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118782033.ch39.

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Kellogg, Davida E., and Thomas B. Kellogg. "Chapter 5. Frozen in Time: The Diatom Record in Ice Cores from Remote Drilling Sites on the Antarctic Ice Sheets." In Life in Ancient Ice, edited by John D. Castello and Scott O. Rogers, 69–93. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781400880188-009.

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Wellner, Julia S., John B. Anderson, Werner Ehrmann, Fred M. Weaver, Alexandra Kirshner, Daniel Livsey, and Alexander R. Simms. "History of an Evolving Ice Sheet as Recorded in SHALDRIL Cores from the Northwestern Weddell Sea, Antarctica." In Tectonic, Climatic, and Cryospheric Evolution of the Antarctic Peninsula, 131–51. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010sp001047.

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Boutron, Claude, Carlo Barbante, Sungmin Hong, Kevin Rosman, Michael Bolshov, Freddy Adams, Paolo Gabrielli, et al. "Heavy Metals in Antarctic and Greenland Snow and Ice Cores: Man Induced Changes During the Last Millennia and Natural Variations During the Last Climatic Cycles." In Persistent Pollution – Past, Present and Future, 19–46. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17419-3_3.

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Ito, Tomoyuki. "Nature and Origin of Antarctic Submicron Aerosols." In Ice Core Studies of Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 23–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-51172-1_2.

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Vandal, Grace M., William F. Fitzgerald, Claude F. Boutron, and Jean-Pierre Candelone. "Mercury in Ancient Ice and Recent Snow from the Antarctic." In Ice Core Studies of Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 401–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-51172-1_21.

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Clausen, Henrik B. "Group Meeting on Nitrate Sources in Antarctica and Greenland." In Ice Core Studies of Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 247–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-51172-1_13.

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Waddington, E. D., D. L. Morse, P. M. Grootes, and E. J. Steig. "The Connection between Ice Dynamics and Paleoclimate from Ice Cores: A Study of Taylor Dome, Antarctica." In Ice in the Climate System, 499–516. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85016-5_28.

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Waddington, E. D., and C. S. Lingle. "ICE CORES | Dynamics of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet." In Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science, 1305–11. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-44-452747-8/00343-4.

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Bindschadler, R. "ICE CORES | Dynamics of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet." In Encyclopedia of Quaternary Science, 1296–305. Elsevier, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-44-452747-8/00344-6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Antarctic ice cores"

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An, Chunlei, Sijia Xu, and Yuansheng Li. "Dating a 133-M Ice Core from East Antarctic Plateau by Volcanic Markers." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.55.

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Kawamura, Kimitaka, Hideki Kasukabe, and Yoshiyuki Fujii. "Recent Increases in the Abundances of Dicarboxylic Acids and Fatty Acids in Antarctic Ice Core." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.1263.

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Miyake, Fusa. "The AD 775 cosmic ray event shown in Beryllium-10 data from Antarctic Dome Fuji ice core." In The 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.236.0110.

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Sattler, Birgit I., Sebastian Waldhuber, Helgard Fischer, Hans Semmler, Paul P. Sipiera, and Roland Psenner. "Microbial activity and phylogeny in ice cores retrieved from Lake Paula, a newly detected freshwater lake in Antarctica." In Optical Science and Technology, the SPIE 49th Annual Meeting, edited by Richard B. Hoover, Gilbert V. Levin, and Alexei Y. Rozanov. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.564554.

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Rodriguez-Morales, F., J. Carswell, P. Gogineni, R. Taylor, J. Yan, A. Abe-Ouchi, S. Fujita, et al. "A Compact Multi-Channel Radar for >1Ma Old Ice Core Site Identification in East Antarctica." In IGARSS 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2019.8899781.

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Shakun, Jeremy D., Lee B. Corbett, and Paul R. Bierman. "EIGHT MILLION YEARS OF LAND-BASED ANTARCTIC ICE SHEET STABILITY RECORDED BYIN SITU10BE FROM THE ANDRILL-1B CORE." In 51st Annual Northeastern GSA Section Meeting. Geological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2016ne-272035.

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Swanger, Kate M., Kelsey Winsor, Esther Babcock, Rachel D. Valletta, and James L. Dickson. "ICE-CORED ROCK GLACIERS IN ANTARCTICA: RECORDING GLACIAL ADVANCES FROM MARINE ISOTOPE STAGE 5 TO THE HOLOCENE." In 54th Annual GSA Northeastern Section Meeting - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019ne-326255.

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Hamada, Yasuo, and Hiroshi Honda. "New Paradigms for Sustainable Society and Industries: Technology Conversion From One Way to Circulation." In ASME 2000 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2000-1169.

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Abstract In January 1998, the Vostok project team, under the collaboration between American, Russian and French scientists, discovered and mined an underground ice core of 3,623m deep in the East Antarcitica.1) As a result of the study on this ice core, the climate conditions of the earth for the past four hundred and twenty thousand years came out clearly, as if it were recorded on a magnetic tape, as shown in Figure 1. It can be seen that the data on concentration of CO2, CH4 and temperature among others for this period signal a warning for future activities of the entire humankind of the earth.1)
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Hur, Soon Do, Sang-Bum Hong, Heejin Hwang, Khanghyun Lee, Yeongcheol Han, Jinho Ahn, Ji-Woong Yang, and Youngjoon Jang. "Reconstruction of Past Climate and Environmental Changes Using High Resolution Ice Core Records in Victoria Land, Antarctica." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.1117.

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Koffman, Bess, Steven L. Goldstein, Michael R. Kaplan, Gisela Winckler, Karl J. Kreutz, Aloys Bory, and Pierre E. Biscaye. "ABRUPT LATE HOLOCENE SHIFT IN ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION RECORDED BY MINERAL DUST IN THE SIPLE DOME ICE CORE, ANTARCTICA." In 54th Annual GSA Northeastern Section Meeting - 2019. Geological Society of America, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2019ne-328069.

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Reports on the topic "Antarctic ice cores"

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Steig, E. J. Beryllium-10 in the Taylor Dome ice core: Applications to Antarctic glaciology and paleoclimatology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/527444.

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White, G. J., R. M. Lugar, and A. B. Crockett. Nitrate analysis of snow and ice core samples collected in the vicinity of a waste detonation event, McMurdo Station, Antarctica. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10191480.

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