Relevant bibliographies by topics / Ant communities

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Ant communities'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Ant communities"

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Volp, Trevor M., and Lori Lach. "An Epiphytic Ant-Plant Mutualism Structures Arboreal Ant Communities." Environmental Entomology 48, no. 5 (July 15, 2019): 1056–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvz083.

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Abstract Arboreal ant communities are primarily structured by interactions among ant species, food availability, and physical structures within the environment. Epiphytes are a common feature of tropical forests that can provide ants with both food and nesting space. To date, little work has examined what role epiphytic ant-plants play in structuring arboreal ant communities. We surveyed ant species inhabiting the Australian epiphytic ant-plant Myrmecodia beccarii Hook.f. (Gentianales: Rubiaceae) and how arboreal ant communities are structured in relation to M. beccarii presence on trees. Myrmecodia beccarii was inhabited by the ant Philidris cordata Smith, F. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on the majority of Melaleuca viridiflora Sol. Ex Gaertn. (Myrtales: Myrtaceae) trees with ant-occupied ant-plants at our two sites. Dominant arboreal ant species at both study sites exhibited discrete, nonoverlapping distributions, and C-score analysis detected an ant mosaic at one site. The distribution of P. cordata was limited by the distribution of ant-plants for both sites. Philidris cordata dominance on trees was also determined by the presence of M. beccarii occupied by P. cordata at both sites. We suggest that by providing P. cordata with nesting space M. beccarii plays a role in structuring these arboreal ant communities.
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Diamond, Sarah E., Lauren M. Nichols, Shannon L. Pelini, Clint A. Penick, Grace W. Barber, Sara Helms Cahan, Robert R. Dunn, Aaron M. Ellison, Nathan J. Sanders, and Nicholas J. Gotelli. "Climatic warming destabilizes forest ant communities." Science Advances 2, no. 10 (October 2016): e1600842. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600842.

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How will ecological communities change in response to climate warming? Direct effects of temperature and indirect cascading effects of species interactions are already altering the structure of local communities, but the dynamics of community change are still poorly understood. We explore the cumulative effects of warming on the dynamics and turnover of forest ant communities that were warmed as part of a 5-year climate manipulation experiment at two sites in eastern North America. At the community level, warming consistently increased occupancy of nests and decreased extinction and nest abandonment. This consistency was largely driven by strong responses of a subset of thermophilic species at each site. As colonies of thermophilic species persisted in nests for longer periods of time under warmer temperatures, turnover was diminished, and species interactions were likely altered. We found that dynamical (Lyapunov) community stability decreased with warming both within and between sites. These results refute null expectations of simple temperature-driven increases in the activity and movement of thermophilic ectotherms. The reduction in stability under warming contrasts with the findings of previous studies that suggest resilience of species interactions to experimental and natural warming. In the face of warmer, no-analog climates, communities of the future may become increasingly fragile and unstable.
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Grimbacher, Peter S., and Lesley Hughes. "Response of ant communities and ant-seed interactions to bush regeneration." Ecological Management and Restoration 3, no. 3 (December 2002): 188–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-8903.2002.00112.x.

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Dejean, Alain, Régis Céréghino, Maurice Leponce, Vivien Rossi, Olivier Roux, Arthur Compin, Jacques H. C. Delabie, and Bruno Corbara. "The fire ant Solenopsis saevissima and habitat disturbance alter ant communities." Biological Conservation 187 (July 2015): 145–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2015.04.012.

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Sanders, Nathan J., Gregory M. Crutsinger, Robert R. Dunn, Jonathan D. Majer, and Jacques H. C. Delabie. "An Ant Mosaic Revisited: Dominant Ant Species Disassemble Arboreal Ant Communities but Co-Occur Randomly." Biotropica 39, no. 3 (May 2007): 422–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7429.2007.00263.x.

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Dymova, A. A., M. M. Umarov, N. V. Kostina, M. V. Golichenkov, and M. V. Gorlenko. "Functional diversity of ant-associated bacterial communities." Biology Bulletin 43, no. 5 (September 2016): 390–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1062359016050022.

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NOVGORODOVA, Tatiana A. "Ant-aphid interactions in multispecies ant communities: Some ecological and ethological aspects." European Journal of Entomology 102, no. 3 (August 15, 2005): 495–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.14411/eje.2005.071.

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Chanson, Anaïs, Corrie S. Moreau, and Christophe Duplais. "Impact of Nesting Mode, Diet, and Taxonomy in Structuring the Associated Microbial Communities of Amazonian Ants." Diversity 15, no. 2 (January 17, 2023): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15020126.

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Studies of ant biodiversity are important to understand their group better, as well as to extend our knowledge on the evolution of their associated organisms. Host-associated microbial communities, and particularly bacterial communities, are shaped by different host factors such as habitat, diet, and phylogeny. Here, we studied the structures of bacterial and microbial eukaryote communities associated with Amazonian ants collected from two habitats: the rainforest and the city. We collected 38 ant species covering a large taxonomic range, and we used 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA amplicon sequencing to study the impact of the host’s ecological and phylogenetic factors on their microbial communities. Our results show that (1) habitat does not structure ant microbial communities, (2) ant diet and nesting mode impact bacterial communities, while only nesting mode structures microbial eukaryote communities, and (3) microbial diversity is not correlated with host phylogeny, although several ant genera have conserved bacterial communities. As we continue to uncover the diversity and function of insect-associated microbes, this work explores how host ecology and evolutionary history shape ant microbial communities.
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Baker, Christopher C. M., Dino J. Martins, Julianne N. Pelaez, Johan P. J. Billen, Anne Pringle, Megan E. Frederickson, and Naomi E. Pierce. "Distinctive fungal communities in an obligate African ant-plant mutualism." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1850 (March 15, 2017): 20162501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.2501.

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Three ant species nest obligately in the swollen-thorn domatia of the African ant-plant Vachellia ( Acacia ) drepanolobium , a model system for the study of ant-defence mutualisms and species coexistence. Here we report on the characteristic fungal communities generated by these ant species in their domatia. First, we describe behavioural differences between the ant species when presented with a cultured fungal isolate in the laboratory. Second, we use DNA metabarcoding to show that each ant species has a distinctive fungal community in its domatia, and that these communities remain characteristic of the ant species over two Kenyan sampling locations separated by 190 km. Third, we find that DNA extracted from female alates of Tetraponera penzigi and Crematogaster nigriceps contained matches for most of the fungal metabarcodes from those ant species' domatia, respectively. Fungal hyphae and other debris are also visible in sections of these alates' infrabuccal pockets. Collectively, our results indicate that domatium fungal communities are associated with the ant species occupying the tree. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first record of such ant-specific fungal community-level differences on the same myrmecophytic host species. These differences may be shaped by ant behaviour in the domatia, and by ants vectoring fungi when they disperse to establish new colonies. The roles of the fungi with respect to the ants and their host plant remain to be determined.
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Giavelli, Giovanni, and Antonio Bodini. "Plant - Ant - Fungus Communities Investigated through Qualitative Modelling." Oikos 57, no. 3 (April 1990): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3565965.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Ant communities"

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Gunawardene, Nihara. "Arid zone ant communities of Western Australia." Thesis, Curtin University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1178.

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This thesis is prepared in three parts; the first part is a study of the ant species of the southern Carnarvon Basin, which was undertaken in order to determine the patterns of ant species distribution in this arid zone area. The distribution patterns were looked at in terms of biogeographical regions and they demonstrated the transitional nature of this particular area. Recommendations to alter the border between the South-west Province and the Eremaean Province were supported. The next chapter of this thesis analysed ant species from long unburnt and burnt areas of three main vegetation types (two Triodia species grasslands and Acacia aneura woodlands) in the Gibson Desert Nature Reserve. This study was carried out to observe the recovery of ant populations after fire. The results provided further evidence that invertebrates are measurably impacted by fire in the arid zone. The final chapter is a comparison of these two arid zone studies with six other ant community studies from throughout Western Australia. It demonstrated the uniqueness of some arid zone sites as well as related each study to each other according to their ant communities.
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Gunawardene, Nihara. "Arid zone ant communities of Western Australia." Curtin University of Technology, Department of Environmental Biology, 2003. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=16212.

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This thesis is prepared in three parts; the first part is a study of the ant species of the southern Carnarvon Basin, which was undertaken in order to determine the patterns of ant species distribution in this arid zone area. The distribution patterns were looked at in terms of biogeographical regions and they demonstrated the transitional nature of this particular area. Recommendations to alter the border between the South-west Province and the Eremaean Province were supported. The next chapter of this thesis analysed ant species from long unburnt and burnt areas of three main vegetation types (two Triodia species grasslands and Acacia aneura woodlands) in the Gibson Desert Nature Reserve. This study was carried out to observe the recovery of ant populations after fire. The results provided further evidence that invertebrates are measurably impacted by fire in the arid zone. The final chapter is a comparison of these two arid zone studies with six other ant community studies from throughout Western Australia. It demonstrated the uniqueness of some arid zone sites as well as related each study to each other according to their ant communities.
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King, Joshua R. "Ant communities of Florida's upland ecosystems ecology and sampling /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0008359.

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Storz, Shonna R. "Distribution, spread, activity patterns, and foraging behaviors of the introduced ant Pheidole obscurithorax in the southeastern United States." [Tallahassee, FL : Florida State University], 2003. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-09182003-183317/.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2003.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Feb. 19, 2006). Advisor: Dr. Walter R. Tschinkel, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Biological Science. Includes bibliographical references (p. 53-58).
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Mohd, Yusah Kalsum binti. "Ant community structure in the high canopy of lowland dipterocarp forest." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609653.

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Clough, Elizabeth Anne, and n/a. "Factors Influencing Ant Assemblages and Ant Community Composition in a Sub-Tropical Suburban Environment." Griffith University. School of Environmental and Applied Science, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040719.141317.

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The main objective of this study was to examine the abundance and diversity of ants in suburban sites following vegetation removal or modification for development. This research examines the capacity of suburban sites to support ant diversity, which is dependent on the site characteristics and their surrounding environment. The study focused on 29 suburban garden and 3 suburban reserve sites on the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. This region, through continuing land development, undergoes ongoing habitat disturbance and modification. Ground-dwelling ants were collected by pitfall trapping in study sites over three summers between 1997 and 1999. In total, 28,512 ants from 60 species in 31 genera were collected. Garden sites that maintain vegetation structural diversity were found to be most similar to reserve sites in terms of ant community composition. These sites were highest in ant richness and diversity and contained particularly high proportions of specialized ant species. Sites in close proximity to remnants of native vegetation contained higher species diversity and a greater proportion of specialized ant species. The introduced tramp ant, Pheidole megacephala was found in 28 of the 32 sites and was found to significantly reduce ant species richness and diversity and displace the dominant ant Iridomyrmex sp. 1 in suburban environments. This ant poses a serious threat to the recovery of a diverse ant fauna to suburban environments. Ant community composition was shown to vary significantly among suburban sites. The ant functional groups commonly found in disturbed sites were abundant in open sites with little canopy cover in this study. Sites that provided vegetation structural diversity and areas of closed canopy supported similar functional groups to natural vegetation remnants. These results indicate that ant communities in suburban environments respond to disturbance in a similar manner to ant communities in tropical forests and rainforests. The dominance by functional groups and presence of specialized species may therefore be used as an indicator of disturbance and the restoration of suitable habitat in suburban sites. The presence of specialized species of ants in suburban garden sites and their clear preference for particular site characteristics indicate that these species utilize resources available in the suburban matrix. These results indicate that residential suburban sites are of value in the enhancement of ant diversity in fragmented landscapes and that they may provide supportive habitat to, and act as corridors between, vegetation fragments. In order to preserve biodiversity within suburban environments, landowners should be advised to retain as much existing vegetation within a site as possible. Clearing should be limited to that necessary to allow construction of dwellings and for safety. In addition, landowners should be encouraged to establish or maintain structurally diverse vegetation layers within sites in order to provide diverse microenvironments for fauna habitat.
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Grevé, Michael E. [Verfasser], and Heike [Akademischer Betreuer] Feldhaar. "Temperate ant communities under anthropogenic impact / Michael E. Grevé ; Betreuer: Heike Feldhaar." Bayreuth : Universität Bayreuth, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1201411718/34.

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Grevé, Michael [Verfasser], and Heike [Akademischer Betreuer] Feldhaar. "Temperate ant communities under anthropogenic impact / Michael E. Grevé ; Betreuer: Heike Feldhaar." Bayreuth : Universität Bayreuth, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1201411718/34.

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Styrsky, John D. Eubanks Micky. "Consequences of mutualisms between aphids and an invasive ant to arthropod communities and their host plants." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Spring/doctoral/STYRSKY_JOHN_36.pdf.

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Clough, Elizabeth Anne. "Factors Influencing Ant Assemblages and Ant Community Composition in a Sub-Tropical Suburban Environment." Thesis, Griffith University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366528.

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The main objective of this study was to examine the abundance and diversity of ants in suburban sites following vegetation removal or modification for development. This research examines the capacity of suburban sites to support ant diversity, which is dependent on the site characteristics and their surrounding environment. The study focused on 29 suburban garden and 3 suburban reserve sites on the Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. This region, through continuing land development, undergoes ongoing habitat disturbance and modification. Ground-dwelling ants were collected by pitfall trapping in study sites over three summers between 1997 and 1999. In total, 28,512 ants from 60 species in 31 genera were collected. Garden sites that maintain vegetation structural diversity were found to be most similar to reserve sites in terms of ant community composition. These sites were highest in ant richness and diversity and contained particularly high proportions of specialized ant species. Sites in close proximity to remnants of native vegetation contained higher species diversity and a greater proportion of specialized ant species. The introduced tramp ant, Pheidole megacephala was found in 28 of the 32 sites and was found to significantly reduce ant species richness and diversity and displace the dominant ant Iridomyrmex sp. 1 in suburban environments. This ant poses a serious threat to the recovery of a diverse ant fauna to suburban environments. Ant community composition was shown to vary significantly among suburban sites. The ant functional groups commonly found in disturbed sites were abundant in open sites with little canopy cover in this study. Sites that provided vegetation structural diversity and areas of closed canopy supported similar functional groups to natural vegetation remnants. These results indicate that ant communities in suburban environments respond to disturbance in a similar manner to ant communities in tropical forests and rainforests. The dominance by functional groups and presence of specialized species may therefore be used as an indicator of disturbance and the restoration of suitable habitat in suburban sites. The presence of specialized species of ants in suburban garden sites and their clear preference for particular site characteristics indicate that these species utilize resources available in the suburban matrix. These results indicate that residential suburban sites are of value in the enhancement of ant diversity in fragmented landscapes and that they may provide supportive habitat to, and act as corridors between, vegetation fragments. In order to preserve biodiversity within suburban environments, landowners should be advised to retain as much existing vegetation within a site as possible. Clearing should be limited to that necessary to allow construction of dwellings and for safety. In addition, landowners should be encouraged to establish or maintain structurally diverse vegetation layers within sites in order to provide diverse microenvironments for fauna habitat.
Thesis (Masters)
Master of Philosophy (MPhil)
School of Environmental and Applied Science
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Books on the topic "Ant communities"

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Look inside an ant nest. Mankato, Minn: Capstone Press, 2012.

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Claybourne, Anna. A colony of ants, and other insect groups. Chicago, Ill: Heinemann Library, 2013.

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Claybourne, Anna. A colony of ants and other insect groups. London: Raintree, 2013.

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Siarry, Patrick, Nicolas Monmarché, Nicolas Monmarché, and Frederic Guinand. Artificial ants: From collective intelligence to real-life optimization and beyond. London, UK: ISTE, 2010.

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Artificial ants: From collective intelligence to real-life optimization and beyond. London, UK: ISTE, 2010.

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Moffett, Mark W. Adventures among ants: A global safari with a cast of trillions. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010.

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Adventures among ants: A global safari with a cast of trillions. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2010.

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Moring, J. Bruce. Status of fish communities in the Rio Grande, Big Bend National Park, Texas: Comparison before and after Spring 2003 period of low flow. Reston, VA: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2005.

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Health communities and faith communities. New York: Hampton Press, 2011.

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Turner, Stephanie. Communities. Austin, Tex: Raintree Steck-Vaughn, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Ant communities"

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Siemiński, Andrzej. "Measuring Efficiency of Ant Colony Communities." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 203–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43982-2_18.

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Siemiński, Andrzej. "Solving Dynamic Traveling Salesman Problem with Ant Colony Communities." In Computational Collective Intelligence, 277–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67074-4_27.

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Nash, Maliha S., Walter G. Whitford, Justin Van Zee, and Kris Havstad. "Monitoring Changes in Stressed Ecosystems Using Spatial Patterns of Ant Communities." In Monitoring Ecological Condition at Regional Scales, 201–10. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4976-1_16.

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De Kock, A. E., J. H. Giliomee, K. L. Pringle, and J. D. Majer. "The Influence of Fire, Vegetation Age and Argentine Ants (Iridomyrmex humilis) on Ant Communities in Swartboskloof." In Fire in South African Mountain Fynbos, 203–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76174-4_11.

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Vanderwoude, Cas, and Kym M. Johnson. "Effects of fire management and grazing by cattle on ant communities in south-east Queensland open forests." In Conservation of Australia's Forest Fauna, 452–73. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2004.025.

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Vanderwoude, Cas, and Kym M. Johnson. "Effects of fire management and grazing by cattle on ant communities in south-east Queensland open forests." In Conservation of Australia's Forest Fauna, 860–74. P.O. Box 20, Mosman NSW 2088: Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/fs.2004.860.

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Fairbrother, Peter, Richard Phillips, and Meagan Tyler. "Communities." In Wildfire and Power, 79–109. New York, NY : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge studies in employment and work relations in context: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429428142-5.

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Bratton, Susan Power. "Communities." In Religion and the Environment, 25–47. Names: Bratton, Susan, author. Title: Religion and the environment: an introduction / Susan Power Bratton. Description: Abingdon, Oxon; New York: Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203702765-3.

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Yu, Chuan. "Communities, online communities, and communities of practice." In Online Collaborative Translation in China and Beyond, 37–60. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003024200-3.

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Lane, Thomas. "Communities." In Victims of Stalin and Hitler, 204–23. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230511378_12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Ant communities"

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Clough, Yann. "Services and disservices of ant communities in tropical agroforestry." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.91858.

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Adams, Benjamin J. "Connectivity and nest site availability influence arboreal ant communities." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.114974.

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von Beeren, Christoph. "Biodiversity, life-history adaptations, and network structure of army ant-symbiont communities." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.94838.

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Javadi, Saeed H. S., Shahram Khadivi, M. Ebrahim Shiri, and Jia Xu. "An ant colony optimization method to detect communities in social networks." In 2014 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/asonam.2014.6921583.

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Hou, Chin Jia, and Mohd Zahurin Bin Mohamed Kamali. "An ant colony approach in the detection of communities in complex networks." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES AND TECHNOLOGY 2018 (MATHTECH2018): Innovative Technologies for Mathematics & Mathematics for Technological Innovation. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5136488.

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McClenahan, Jeff. "Experimental fragmentation alters the relative roles of niche and neutral processes in structuring ant communities." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.107916.

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Zogbochi, Victor, Thierry EDOH, Joel T. Hounsou, Anani K.Ameduit, and Bidossessi Alahassa. "Detecting the Mobility of Patient with Chronic Diseases in Online Health Communities using Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm Ensure Patient’s Safety and Diseases Awareness based on Reliable Medical Education Material." In 2018 1st International Conference on Smart Cities and Communities (SCCIC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sccic.2018.8584556.

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Huang, Ye, Nik Bessis, Amos Brocco, Pierre Kuonen, Michele Courant, and Beat Hirsbrunner. "Using Metadata Snapshots for Extending Ant-Based Resource Discovery Service in Inter-cooperative Grid Communities." In 2009 First International Conference on Evolving Internet (INTERNET). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/internet.2009.21.

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Klimes, Petr. "Diversity and specificity of ant-plant interactions in canopy communities of a primary and secondary tropical rainforest." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.107571.

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Gruber, Monica. "Enabling effective ant management by remote communities in the Pacific: Case studies with the yellow crazy ant in the Pacific nations of Tokelau and Kiribati." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.92769.

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Reports on the topic "Ant communities"

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Wike, L. Using Ant Communities For Rapid Assessment Of Terrestrial Ecosystem Health. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/890187.

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Dunn, Robert. Impacts of elevated temperature on ant species, communities and ecological roles at two temperate forests in Eastern North America. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1164868.

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Lees, Matthew. Will Employee Communities and Customer Communities Converge? Boston, MA: Patricia Seybold Group, May 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1571/psgp05-13-10cc.

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Vodden, K., A. Cunsolo, S. L. Harper, A. Kipp, N. King, S. Manners, B. Eddy, et al. Rural and remote communities. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328394.

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Sato, Grace Sato, Supriya Kumar Kumar, and Sarina Dayal Dayal. Investing in Native Communities: Philanthropic Funding for Native American Communities and Causes. New York, New York United States: Candid, September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15868/socialsector.35493.

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Blonigen, Bruce, and Cheyney O'Fallon. Foreign Firms and Local Communities. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17282.

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7

McEntee, Alice, Sonia Hines, Joshua Trigg, Kate Fairweather, Ashleigh Guillaumier, Jane Fischer, Billie Bonevski, James A. Smith, Carlene Wilson, and Jacqueline Bowden. Tobacco cessation in CALD communities. The Sax Institute, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/sneg4189.

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Background Australia is a multi-cultural society with increasing rates of people from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds. On average, CALD groups have higher rates of tobacco use, lower participation in cancer screening programs, and poorer health outcomes than the general Australian population. Lower cancer screening and smoking cessation rates are due to differing cultural norms, health-related attitudes, and beliefs, and language barriers. Interventions can help address these potential barriers and increase tobacco cessation and cancer screening rates among CALD groups. Cancer Council NSW (CCNSW) aims to reduce the impact of cancer and improve cancer outcomes for priority populations including CALD communities. In line with this objective, CCNSW commissioned this rapid review of interventions implemented in Australia and comparable countries. Review questions This review aimed to address the following specific questions: Question 1 (Q1): What smoking cessation interventions have been proven effective in reducing or preventing smoking among culturally and linguistically diverse communities? Question 2 (Q2): What screening interventions have proven effective in increasing participation in population cancer screening programs among culturally and linguistically diverse populations? This review focused on Chinese-, Vietnamese- and Arabic-speaking people as they are the largest CALD groups in Australia and have high rates of tobacco use and poor screening adherence in NSW. Summary of methods An extensive search of peer-reviewed and grey literature published between January 2013-March 2022 identified 19 eligible studies for inclusion in the Q1 review and 49 studies for the Q2 review. The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Levels of Evidence and Joanna Briggs Institute’s (JBI) Critical Appraisal Tools were used to assess the robustness and quality of the included studies, respectively. Key findings Findings are reported by components of an intervention overall and for each CALD group. By understanding the effectiveness of individual components, results will demonstrate key building blocks of an effective intervention. Question 1: What smoking cessation interventions have been proven effective in reducing or preventing smoking among culturally and linguistically diverse communities? Thirteen of the 19 studies were Level IV (L4) evidence, four were Level III (L3), one was Level II (L2), none were L1 (highest level of evidence) and one study’s evidence level was unable to be determined. The quality of included studies varied. Fifteen tobacco cessation intervention components were included, with most interventions involving at least three components (range 2-6). Written information (14 studies), and education sessions (10 studies) were the most common components included in an intervention. Eight of the 15 intervention components explored had promising evidence for use with Chinese-speaking participants (written information, education sessions, visual information, counselling, involving a family member or friend, nicotine replacement therapy, branded merchandise, and mobile messaging). Another two components (media campaign and telephone follow-up) had evidence aggregated across CALD groups (i.e., results for Chinese-speaking participants were combined with other CALD group(s)). No intervention component was deemed of sufficient evidence for use with Vietnamese-speaking participants and four intervention components had aggregated evidence (written information, education sessions, counselling, nicotine replacement therapy). Counselling was the only intervention component to have promising evidence for use with Arabic-speaking participants and one had mixed evidence (written information). Question 2: What screening interventions have proven effective in increasing participation in population cancer screening programs among culturally and linguistically diverse populations? Two of the 49 studies were Level I (L1) evidence, 13 L2, seven L3, 25 L4 and two studies’ level of evidence was unable to be determined. Eighteen intervention components were assessed with most interventions involving 3-4 components (range 1-6). Education sessions (32 studies), written information (23 studies) and patient navigation (10 studies) were the most common components. Seven of the 18 cancer screening intervention components had promising evidence to support their use with Vietnamese-speaking participants (education sessions, written information, patient navigation, visual information, peer/community health worker, counselling, and peer experience). The component, opportunity to be screened (e.g. mailed or handed a bowel screening test), had aggregated evidence regarding its use with Vietnamese-speaking participants. Seven intervention components (education session, written information, visual information, peer/community health worker, opportunity to be screened, counselling, and branded merchandise) also had promising evidence to support their use with Chinese-speaking participants whilst two components had mixed (patient navigation) or aggregated (media campaign) evidence. One intervention component for use with Arabic-speaking participants had promising evidence to support its use (opportunity to be screened) and eight intervention components had mixed or aggregated support (education sessions, written information, patient navigation, visual information, peer/community health worker, peer experience, media campaign, and anatomical models). Gaps in the evidence There were four noteworthy gaps in the evidence: 1. No systematic review was captured for Q1, and only two studies were randomised controlled trials. Much of the evidence is therefore based on lower level study designs, with risk of bias. 2. Many studies provided inadequate detail regarding their intervention design which impacts both the quality appraisal and how mixed finding results can be interpreted. 3. Several intervention components were found to have supportive evidence available only at the aggregate level. Further research is warranted to determine the interventions effectiveness with the individual CALD participant group only. 4. The evidence regarding the effectiveness of certain intervention components were either unknown (no studies) or insufficient (only one study) across CALD groups. This was the predominately the case for Arabic-speaking participants for both Q1 and Q2, and for Vietnamese-speaking participants for Q1. Further research is therefore warranted. Applicability Most of the intervention components included in this review are applicable for use in the Australian context, and NSW specifically. However, intervention components assessed as having insufficient, mixed, or no evidence require further research. Cancer screening and tobacco cessation interventions targeting Chinese-speaking participants were more common and therefore showed more evidence of effectiveness for the intervention components explored. There was support for cancer screening intervention components targeting Vietnamese-speaking participants but not for tobacco cessation interventions. There were few interventions implemented for Arabic-speaking participants that addressed tobacco cessation and screening adherence. Much of the evidence for Vietnamese and Arabic-speaking participants was further limited by studies co-recruiting multiple CALD groups and reporting aggregate results. Conclusion There is sound evidence for use of a range of intervention components to address tobacco cessation and cancer screening adherence among Chinese-speaking populations, and cancer screening adherence among Vietnamese-speaking populations. Evidence is lacking regarding the effectiveness of tobacco cessation interventions with Vietnamese- and Arabic-speaking participants, and cancer screening interventions for Arabic-speaking participants. More research is required to determine whether components considered effective for use in one CALD group are applicable to other CALD populations.
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Crowley, David E., Dror Minz, and Yitzhak Hadar. Shaping Plant Beneficial Rhizosphere Communities. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7594387.bard.

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PGPR bacteria include taxonomically diverse bacterial species that function for improving plant mineral nutrition, stress tolerance, and disease suppression. A number of PGPR are being developed and commercialized as soil and seed inoculants, but to date, their interactions with resident bacterial populations are still poorly understood, and-almost nothing is known about the effects of soil management practices on their population size and activities. To this end, the original objectives of this research project were: 1) To examine microbial community interactions with plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and their plant hosts. 2) To explore the factors that affect PGPR population size and activity on plant root surfaces. In our original proposal, we initially prqposed the use oflow-resolution methods mainly involving the use of PCR-DGGE and PLFA profiles of community structure. However, early in the project we recognized that the methods for studying soil microbial communities were undergoing an exponential leap forward to much more high resolution methods using high-throughput sequencing. The application of these methods for studies on rhizosphere ecology thus became a central theme in these research project. Other related research by the US team focused on identifying PGPR bacterial strains and examining their effective population si~es that are required to enhance plant growth and on developing a simulation model that examines the process of root colonization. As summarized in the following report, we characterized the rhizosphere microbiome of four host plant species to determine the impact of the host (host signature effect) on resident versus active communities. Results of our studies showed a distinct plant host specific signature among wheat, maize, tomato and cucumber, based on the following three parameters: (I) each plant promoted the activity of a unique suite of soil bacterial populations; (2) significant variations were observed in the number and the degree of dominance of active populations; and (3)the level of contribution of active (rRNA-based) populations to the resident (DNA-based) community profiles. In the rhizoplane of all four plants a significant reduction of diversity was observed, relative to the bulk soil. Moreover, an increase in DNA-RNA correspondence indicated higher representation of active bacterial populations in the residing rhizoplane community. This research demonstrates that the host plant determines the bacterial community composition in its immediate vicinity, especially with respect to the active populations. Based on the studies from the US team, we suggest that the effective population size PGPR should be maintained at approximately 105 cells per gram of rhizosphere soil in the zone of elongation to obtain plant growth promotion effects, but emphasize that it is critical to also consider differences in the activity based on DNA-RNA correspondence. The results ofthis research provide fundamental new insight into the composition ofthe bacterial communities associated with plant roots, and the factors that affect their abundance and activity on root surfaces. Virtually all PGPR are multifunctional and may be expected to have diverse levels of activity with respect to production of plant growth hormones (regulation of root growth and architecture), suppression of stress ethylene (increased tolerance to drought and salinity), production of siderophores and antibiotics (disease suppression), and solubilization of phosphorus. The application of transcriptome methods pioneered in our research will ultimately lead to better understanding of how management practices such as use of compost and soil inoculants can be used to improve plant yields, stress tolerance, and disease resistance. As we look to the future, the use of metagenomic techniques combined with quantitative methods including microarrays, and quantitative peR methods that target specific genes should allow us to better classify, monitor, and manage the plant rhizosphere to improve crop yields in agricultural ecosystems. In addition, expression of several genes in rhizospheres of both cucumber and whet roots were identified, including mostly housekeeping genes. Denitrification, chemotaxis and motility genes were preferentially expressed in wheat while in cucumber roots bacterial genes involved in catalase, a large set of polysaccharide degradation and assimilatory sulfate reduction genes were preferentially expressed.
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Swack, Michael. Maximizing returns to colleges and communities. University of New Hampshire Libraries, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.34051/p/2020.64.

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10

Anthony, Jerry, Andrea Uhl, and Sally Scott. Building communities and growing the economy. Iowa City, Iowa: University of Iowa Public Policy Center, April 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/9shc-4ki4.

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