Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Answer group'

Bibliography: leaves 90-96.
After the introduction of Curriculum 2005 in 1998, various classroom-based research projects were undertaken to monitor the implementation of the new curriculum. The findings of these projects point to the widespread use of a certain type of group work in South African classrooms. The Report of the Review Committee of Curriculum 2005 also points to the popularity of group work as methodology. In both the classroom-based research and the Report of the Review Committee it is stated that the way group work is currently practiced does not enhance learning. The researcher wondered what the question was that group work was the answer to for so many people, and decided to investigate.

2011/2012
The doctoral thesis focuses on the output of interpreters translating the 2004 U.S. presidential debathon for Italian television (DEB.04 corpus). The contrastive qualitative analysis conducted on the corpus items aimed at identifying the infotainment elements characterising presidential debates as television genre and verifying their presence in the interpreted texts (ITs) broadcast on Italian television. More specifically, the analysis focused on discourse elements operationalising conflict (Contest-like dimension) in the question/answer group in terms of DEGREE OF CONFLICTUALITY – i.e., conflict elicitation, validation and mitigation, in both the original texts (OTs) and the ITs. The doctoral thesis was conducted within the CorIT (Italian Television Interpreting Corpus) project (Straniero Sergio & Falbo 2012) of the Department of Legal, Language, Interpreting and Translation Studies (University of Trieste). The compilation, elaboration and classification of the corpus of analysis (DEB.04) aims at providing a template for the elaboration and classification of CorIT items, using DEB.04 as a training corpus to test specific dedicated softwares.
Il presente progetto di ricerca si incentra sullo studio delle interpretazioni dei dibattiti presidenziali americani del 2004 trasmessi dalla televisione italiana (DEB.04 corpus). L’analisi contrastiva di tipo qualitativo ha avuto come obiettivo principale quello di individuare le caratteristiche del genere televisivo ‘dibattito presidenziale’ che maggiormente ne definiscono l’aspetto di ‘televisione di informazione e intrattenimento’ (infotainment television) e verificarne la presenza nel testo interpretato (TI). Nello specifico ci si è proposti di individuare gli elementi discorsuali tramite i quali l’elemento di intrattenimento (conflitto, competizione) viene operativizzato nel gruppo domanda/risposta quale cardine dell’evento comunicativo, in termini di iniziazione, mantenimento e mitigazione del grado di conflittualità dello stesso, sia a livello di testo originale (OT) che a livello di TI. La tesi dottorale si inserisce nel progetto CorIT – Corpus di Interpretazione Televisiva (Straniero Sergio & Falbo 2012) del Dipartimento di Scienze Giuridiche, del Linguaggio, dell’Interpretazione e della Traduzione, e si propone altresì di fornire una base metodologica per l’elaborazione e la catalogazione degli item di CorIT, utilizzando il corpus d’analisi, DEB.04, come training corpus per i software dedicati impiegati.
XXV Ciclo
1983

Using a sequential mixed-method methodology, this dissertation study set out to understand the emic and etic perspectives of the knowledge encompassed in the technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) framework and to develop fixed answer questions based on that knowledge. While there have been many studies examining ways to measure TPACK in in-service and pre-service teachers, very few have addressed measuring TPACK using fixed-answer questions. Through the use of the mixed-methods, a snapshot of the emic (inside) and etic (outside) perspectives on the TPACK framework was obtained. This study used a focus group with in-service teachers (emic perspective) and interviews with teacher educators (etic perspective) to understand the kind of knowledge attributed to the TPACK framework. Six themes were derived from the focus group and interviews, from which fixed-answer questions were developed. Those six themes included such issues as access to technology, the use of technology for solid teaching and learning purposes, and passive versus active learning when using technology. Following best practices, the eleven questions included a scenario that gave context to the questions asked and the answers provided. In-service teachers reviewed the items to assure that the language and context were appropriate to classroom practice. Four experts on the TPACK framework reviewed the items for face validity. Across the experts six of the eleven items were rated as valid. Although only the experts saw a small number of items as valid, this study indicates that this kind of measurement for the TPACK framework may be possible.

Bakgrund: OECD har tillsammans med G20-länderna beslutat att koncerner skall skatterapportera i enlighet med ett nytt underlag utifrån en ny lagstiftning, som heter Country-By-Country-rapportering (CbCr). Detta innebär att företagen skall börja rapportera bland annat betald skatt och sina anställda per jurisdiktion där företaget verkar och på så vis kommer en ökad transparens inom skatteredovisning att ske. Ur myndigheters synpunkt är detta en ändring mot det positiva, men frågan blir vad företagen och dess koncernskattechefer anser om denna ändring i skatteraportering. Syfte: Uppsatsens syfte är att identifiera och beskriva koncernskattechefers attityder till en ny lagstiftning som ändrar dagens skatterapportering genom CbCr som leder till en ökad transparens i skatteredovisningen, samt att se vad som påverkar identifierad attityd. Denna studie kommer att bidra genom att ge ett empiriskt underlag som öppnar för framtida forskning kring attityder hos koncernskattechefer vid den ökade transparensen i skatteredovisning. Studien ger också ett kunskapsunderlag för statliga myndigheter, i synnerhet skattemyndigheter, och för berörda koncerner samt svenskt näringsliv. Metod: Genom en kvalitativ metod med  intervjuer av koncernskattechefer hos 8 stora koncerner samt skatteverket har empiriskt material samlats in som leder till en vidare analys och slutsats. Slutsats: De mest framträdande resultaten i denna uppsats har varit att en del koncernskattechefer ser samband mellan skatt och socialt ansvar och är därmed positiva till implementeringen eftersom det kommer att stärka det sociala kontraktet. Andra koncernskattechefer ser risker med CbCr och ökade kostnader och därmed minskade incitamentsersättningar och har en negativ attityd till en ökad transparens i skatteredovisningen.
Background: A decision made by OECD, together with G20-countries says that Corporate Groups shall report report tax according to new guideline, called Country-By-Country-reporting. This means that corporate groups for example will report tax paid per jurisdiction and therefore will the tax transparency be increased. According to  authorities, the new implementation is positive but the question is whether the corporate groups and their corporate group tax managers will be positive or not. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify and explain attitudes of tax managers when a new legislation changes today´s tax reporting in the form of a CbC-report which will increase transparency in the tax reporting, and what elements are behind these identified attitudes.This study will contribute by giving an empirical material thats opens to further research about corporate group tax managers attitudes with increased tax transparency. The study also gives better knowledge for public authorities, particularly the tax authority and to concerned corporate groups. Method: Through a qualitative method with interviews with corporate group tax managers with 8 large corporate groups and tax authorities, empirical material has been gathered, which leads to further analysis and a conclusion. Conclusion: The most prominent results in this essay has been the fact that some corporate group tax managers sees the connection between tax and social responsibility and therefor are positive to the implementation because it will strengthen the social contract.Other corporate group tax managers sees the hazards with CbCr and appurtenant costs and therefor decreased incentive compensation. These corporate group tax managers have a negative attitudes towards an increased tax transparency.

En ny trend inom internethandeln är företeelsen av så kallade rabatt- och upplevelsesajter. På den svenska marknaden är Groupon marknadsledande rabattsajt samtidigt som LiveIt anses störst inom upplevelseförmedling. Affärskonceptet – att marknadsföra priserbjudanden eller upplevelser och sedan hänvisa konsumenter vidare till leverantörer – har tagits efter av en rad aktörer och den nya trenden får antas fortsätta en tid framöver. Det faktum att den aktuella typen av förmedling är relativt ny har lett till en osäkerhet kring vilket ansvar rabatt- och upplevelseföretagen har gentemot konsumenter. Inte sällan använder de sig av varierande affärsupplägg vilket bidragit till ytterligare oklarhet. Det saknas direkt tillämplig tvingande lagstiftning och företagen begränsar ofta, genom mer eller mindre långtgående friskrivningar, sitt civilrättsliga ansvar. Syftet med förevarande uppsats är att undersöka vilket civilrättsligt ansvar som företagen har gentemot konsumenter vid dröjsmål och fel i vara och tjänst. I uppsatsen, som inledningsvis diskuterar innebörden av termerna kollektiv shopping och gruppköp, redogörs för de tre affärsmodeller som det marknadsledande rabattföretaget Groupon använder sig av. Dessa affärsmodeller ligger sedan till grund för de diskussioner som förs i arbetets analysdel. Rabattföretagens ansvar visar sig vara beroende av vilken affärsmodell som tillämpats vid försäljningen. Företagen kan dels betraktas som återförsäljare alternativt kommissionärer vilket leder till ett fullständigt civilrättsligt ansvar, dels som handelsagenter med underliggande fullmakt vars enda ansvar är att ta emot och vidareförmedla reklamationer, dels som en oreglerad typ av mellanman som enligt dagens gällande rätt enbart ansvarar för lämnad information gällande de vouchrar som företagen säljer. Detta sistnämnda ansvar är visserligen dispositivt men förefaller utgöra en allmän rättsgrundsats varför det ligger nära till hands att betrakta friskrivningar från lämnad information som oskäliga. Ett tänkbart sätt att stärka konsumentskyddet inom det aktuella problemområdet är att utvidga den så kallade förmedlingsregeln i konsumentköplagens inledande paragraf samt att eventuellt införa en liknande regel även i konsumenttjänstlagen.
A new trend within e-commerce is the phenomenon of deal-of-the-day and event websites. The market leaders in Sweden are Groupon (deal-of-the-day) and LiveIt (event). Their business concept is to promote price offers or events, and then refer consumers to merchants. This concept has been copied by a number of other e-commerce providers and this trend is likely to continue. The fact that this kind of mediation is relatively new has led to an uncertainty as to what responsibility these companies have in relation to the consumers. Furthermore, the companies use a variety of business models which increases the uncertainty even more. There are no directly applicable mandatory provisions, and the companies often reduce their liability by using more or less extensive disclaimers. This essay aims to investigate which civil liability the companies have in relation to the consumers in post-purchase situations (relating to delays and lack of conformity). In this essay, which initially relates to the meaning of the terms ‘collective shopping’ and ‘group buying’, the three business models that Groupon utilize will be explained. These business models form the basis of the following analysis. The liability of the companies is proven to be dependent on which kind of business model that the purchase was conducted according to. The companies can be considered as retailers or commission agents who both have full liability, or they can be considered as commercial agents with a proxy whose liability is limited to receive and mediate complaints, or they can be considered as some kind of unregulated middleman which, according to existing law, only has a responsibility for information given in the marketing of the sold vouchers. The liability of this unregulated middleman is indeed optional, but still considered a general legal principle. A disclaimer from that liability could be considered unfair. One possible way to enhance consumer protection within this area is to expand the mediation rule in the first section of the Consumer Sales Act. An additional possibility is to introduce a similar rule in the Consumer Services Act.

Legimus är ett online bibliotek som tillhör Myndigheten för tillgängliga medier. Myndigheten för tillgängliga medier arbetar för att ge männi-skor med olika förutsättningar tillgång till litteratur och samhällsin-formation. Legimus är ett verktyg som används för att ge människor med läsnedsättningar tillgång till litteratur. Legimus har en webbplats som användare kan få tillgången att läsa litteratur på. Som ett viktigt koncept i inom interaktionen mellan människan och da-torn påverkar användbarheten och webbplatsens användarvänlighet besökarens upplevelse. På grund av detta fokuserar detta arbete på an-vändarvänligheten på Legimus webbplats. Syftet med detta arbete är att göra en fallstudie kring vad som gör Legi-mus användarvänlig samt att fokusera på vald målgrupp för att ta reda på svårigheter och vad de förväntar sig av användningen av den valda webbplatsen. Den valda frågeställningen är följande: Har Legimus lyck-ats attrahera sin prioriterade målgrupp hos studenterna på Högskolan Dalarna med webbsidans design och användarvänlighet. För att utföra detta arbete har en kvalitativ metod valts där studenter på Högskolan Dalarna intervjuas, därefter analyseras resultaten med hjälp av fyra teman som intervjufrågorna är uppdelade i. Resultatet visar att respondenterna hade olika uppfattningar kring an-vändarvänligheten. En del respondenter ansåg webbplatsen vara otydlig till en början, men med tiden lärt sig använda webbplatsen. Majoriteten av respondenterna ansåg webbsidan vara enkel samt tydlig. Responden-terna fick möjligheten att ta fram deras egna synpunkter angående webbplatsen. Där hade majoriteten av respondenterna förslag på för-bättringar av webbsidans design. Den slutsats som dragit är inte att respondenterna upplevt webbsidans design lockande. Respondenterna ansåg att de hade använts sig av webbplatsen även om designen var sämre med tanke på behovet av Le-gimus verktyg. Majoriteten av användarna ansåg att webbplatsen var användarvänlig men för att säkerställa min slutsats avslutades intervjun med frågan om respondenterna ansåg webbplatsen vara användarvän-lig. Samtliga respondenterna ansåg den vara användarvänlig, vilket stär-ker min slutsats.
Legimus is an online library owned by the Myndigheten för tillgängliga medier. Myndigheten för tillgängliga medier provides people with dif-ferent circumstances the access to public literature and information. Legimus is a tool that enables people with reading difficulties to access literature. Legimus has a website where users can read the literature. As an important concept in the interaction between man and computer, the usability and user-friendliness of the website affects the visitor's ex-perience. Because of this, this work focuses on the user-friendliness of the Legimus website. The purpose of this work is to do a case study on what makes Legimus user-friendly and to focus on the selected target group to find out diffi-culties and what they expect from the use of the selected website. The chosen question is as follows: Has Legimus succeeded in attracting its priority target group of the students at Dalarna University with the web-site's design and user-friendliness. To carry out this work, a qualitative method has been chosen where stu-dents at Dalarna University are interviewed, after which the results are analysed with the help of four themes into which the interview ques-tions are divided. The results show that the respondents had different views on user-friendliness. Some respondents considered the website to be unclear at first, but over time learned to use the website. Most of the respondents considered the website to be simple and clear. The respondents were given the opportunity to express their own views regarding the website. There, most respondents had suggestions for improvements to the de-sign of the website. The conclusion drawn is not that the respondents found the website's design attractive. The respondents considered that they had used the website even if the design was worse given the need for Legimus webpage. Most of the users considered the website to be user-friendly, but to ensure my conclusion, the interview ended with the question of whether the respondents considered the website to be user-friendly. All the respondents considered it to be user-friendly, which strengthens my conclusion.

Les animaux vivant en groupes doivent arriver à un consensus afin de se déplacer et d’exploiter leur environnement tout en conservant leur cohésion sociale. J’ai étudié les processus collectifs de décision dans le contexte des déplacements chez trois groupes d'animaux appartenant à des espèces domestiques : les oies grises (Anser domesticus), les agnelles de race Romane (Ovis aries) et les génisses de race Charolais (Bos taurus). Les résultats montrent qu’il est possible de prédire la direction et le moment du départ d’un groupe à partir de la distribution spatiale des animaux avant départ et de l'élévation de leur niveau d'activité. Le processus de décision apparaît distribué entre les membres du groupe. Il est également distribué dans le temps, en ce sens que le nombre de participants au déplacement est déterminé par des facteurs intervenant aussi bien au cours de la phase avant départ, que lors du départ et après le départ. Dans les trois groupes étudiés, le processus de décision repose à la fois sur des mécanismes simples comme le comportement allélomimétique et des mécanismes plus élaborés qui mettent en jeu les relations sociales entre les membres du groupe. Les processus de recrutement apparaissent plus simples chez les oies où ils sont fondés en majeure partie sur la distribution spatiale des individus, alors que les relations sociales jouent un rôle plus important dans les deux autres espèces. On peut rendre compte de la structure du groupe en déplacement et des positions des individus à partir de des relations d'affinité entre individus et de leurs traits de tempérament. Par ailleurs, l’existence de comportements coercitifs chez les ovins et les bovins indique qu'ils peuvent entraîner leurs congénères de manière intentionnelle. La compréhension des facteurs qui gouvernent la prise collective de décision chez les animaux domestiques doit permettre une meilleure optimisation de l’exploitation des ressources de l’environnement par les troupeaux
Group-living animals have to reach consensus decisions to travel and exploit their environment whilst retaining social cohesion. I studied collective decision processes in the context of movements in three groups of domestic animals: greylag geese (Anser domesticus), Romane ewe-lambs (Ovis aries) and Charolais heifers (Bos taurus). Results show that we can predict the direction and departure time of a group movement from the spatial distribution and activity rates of individuals before departure. The decision process is distributed between group members. It is also time-distributed since the number of individuals taking part in the group movement depends on factors observed in the periods before, during and after departure time. In the three groups studied, decision-making is based on simple mechanisms such as allelomimetic behaviours and more elaborated processes involving social relationships between group members. Recruitment mechanisms appear simpler in geese, where they are primarily related to the spatial distribution of animals, whereas social relationships play a more important role in sheep and cattle. Group order during movement may be accounted by affinitive relationships between individuals and their temperament traits. Besides, the occurrence of coercive behaviours in sheep and cattle indicates their ability to intentionally recruit their conspecifics. The understanding of factors prompting collective processes of decision-making in domestic animals should lead to a better optimization and exploitation of food resources by flocks and herds

Thèse de doctorat : Physiologie et biologie des organismes et des populations, Ethologie : Strasbourg : 2009.
Thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. 20 p.

The use of Web sites by terrorist groups has been evident since the mid 1990s. Security experts and researchers have identified terror-related Internet activity as a growing area of concern, especially following the attacks of September 11, 2001. Terrorist groups using the Internet pose two distinct threats. The first is cyberterrorism: terrorists using the Internet destructively and directly to bring about harm to persons or property, including, attacks on Web sites. The second is the use of the Internet as a communication medium to further the cause of terrorism or a particular organization. As of 2008, Weimann (2008b) estimated that over 6,000 terrorist Web sites exist, but the definition of a terrorist Web site is not always clear. This study analyzed the content of 30 "extremist" sites and defined those as sites that endorse hatred and violence towards the United States and its allies by sharing their hatred and actively promoting their ideologies online. This research examined the source of the message, the message content, the types of receivers intended, the channels used to communicate the message, the purpose of the message, and the effects of the message. Results indicate that a major purpose of the organizations is to justify their actions to skeptics. The organizations have built a virtual extremist community with each other and outside members where their sum is greater than their total. The actual impact of these sites is difficult to measure. However, while Web 2.0 features are employed on these sites, this study argues that censorship and forum rules restrict members from engaging in a real dialogue thus limiting the potential of recruiting moderates.

När en person söker en första kontakt med hälso- och sjukvården sker det oftast via ett telefonsamtal till vårdcentralen. Vid telefonsamtalet, som tas emot av en sjuksköterska, bedöms och åtgärdas vårdsökarens ärende. Sjukskrivningar är ett av många ärenden som hanteras. De senaste åren har hanteringen av sjukskrivningar i Svensk hälso- och sjukvård förändrats vilket har orsakat en minskning av antalet sjukskrivningar. Sjuksköterskor har i varierande grad deltagit i denna utveckling och denna studie vill synliggöra sjuksköterskans deltagande i vården av sjukskrivna på vårdcentralen.

Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av telefonrådgivning på vårdcentralen och speciellt hantering av sjukskrivningar. Studien är kvalitativ med induktiv ansats. Datainsamling har skett genom fokusgruppssamtal med 14 stycken sjuksköterskor som arbetar med telefonrådgivning på tre vårdcentraler. Insamlat material analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys.

Gruppsamtalen visade att sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av telefonrådgivning är att arbetet är kvalificerat och stimulerande. Hanteringen av sjukskrivningar innefattar att göra bedömning, ge patienten information och bevaka patientens rättigheter. Hindrande och möjliggörande omständigheter påverkar sjuksköterskornas arbete och deras hantering. De hindrande omständigheterna kan ibland leda till att sjuksköterskan vill frånsäga sig ansvar. Studien har identifierat ett behov av att tydliggöra omvårdnadsansvaret för verksamma sjuksköterskor i telefonrådgivning på vårdcentral så att sjuksköterskans bedömningar i telefonrådgivningssituationen i högre grad baseras på omvårdnadens mål.

When a person seeks contact with community health services in Sweden it’s usually via a phone call to the primary health care centre. By the phone call, received by a nurse, the health seeker’s case is assessed and addressed. Sick leave is one of many cases being managed. In recent years, management of sick leave in Swedish primary health care has changed and decreased the number of sick leaves. However, nurses have in varying degrees, participated in this change. This study will visualize the nurse's participation in the care of patients on sick leave at the primary health care centre.

The aim was to describe nurses' experiences of telephone advisory services at the primary health care centre and especially the management of sick leaves. The study is qualitative with an inductive approach. Data collection was done through focus group discussions with 14 nurses working with telephone advisory services at three primary health care centres. Collected material was analyzed by qualitative content analysis.

The group discussions demonstrated nurses' experiences of telephone advisory services as qualified and stimulating. The specific management of sick leave was described as a combination of making assessment, providing patient information and monitoring the patient's rights. Obstructing and enabling circumstances affect nurses telephone advisory services and their management of sick leaves. The obstucitive cirumstances sometimes causes nurses wanting to abdicate responsibility. The study has identified a need to clarify the caring responsibility for nurses in telephone advice services so that nurse's assessments increasingly are based on caring goales.

The purpose of this study was to investigate social workers professional experiences of social services statutory responsibilities to provide advice, support and other help to foster families. Furthermore, the purpose was to analyze what factors and conditions that affects social workers ability to provide adequate support. According to both inter-national and Swedish research foster parents are asking for more support. We became curious about how foster care secretaries in Sweden give support. To get this infor-mation we had three focusgroup interviews with a total of twelve social workers. Our three focusgroups were located in municipalities in southern Sweden. The interviews were transcribed and coded for our results. The theoretical perspective we used were Urie Bronfenbrenner's theory about the ecology of human development and the perspec-tive about risk- and protection factors. The study shows that they have quite few sup-port methods to offer the foster homes and the lack of resources (time, education and economy) and vague guidelines are two factors that affects the social workers ability to provide adequate support. Although social services becomes the deputy parent of the foster child and are one protection factor in the child's life, the social services does not receive much attention in forms of for example further education.

Min undersökning utgår från en händelser där mina personliga intressen är starka men där ett barn vill något annat. Min utgångspunkt är en egen upplevd berättelse om en pojke som inte vill gå till skogen eftersom han inte upplevde skogen som en bra lekplats. Naturen är för många pedagoger förknippat med minnen från barndomen och dess traditioner om den goda utemiljön. Även jag upplever skogen som den mest perfekta inlärningsmiljö som förskolan har att erbjuda. Det gör att jag har valt att reflektera om varför barnets vägran väcker sådana tankar hos mig. Genom min undersökning önskar jag att förstå begreppet utemiljö och hur olika den kan upplevas. Jag som pedagog har mött barn med andra värderingar och erfarenheter vad lekmiljöer utomhus är. Genom att granska lekens villkor och regler försöker jag utveckla begrepp som social kompetensutveckling innebär och förstå hur olika barn gör för att lära sig det. I lekarna använder barn olika strategier för att bemästra sin vardag, vilket jag i berättelsen utforskar utifrån ett barns perspektiv. Genom att ställa mig frågande till föreställningen om det kompetenta barnet som ska ha inflytande i sin vardag på förskolan. Försöker jag undersöka vad står egentligen inflytande för. Jag undersöker hur jag i min roll som pedagog kan använda barn tankar och åsikter när jag planerar aktiviteter på förskolan. I arbetet använder jag mig av mina erfarenheter och vill genom min undersökning ta reda på hur forskare lyfter begreppet inflytande ur ett barnperspektiv Jag anstränger mig för att förstå ur ett barns perspektiv för att utveckla synsättet om det kompetenta barnet. Jag kommer även att reflektera kritiskt över hur jag som pedagog vågar lita på barns kompetens och vilja till samarbete. Genom att lyfta begreppet inflytande vill jag synliggöra och problematisera det från ett barns tankevärld som ofta ställs gentemot barngruppens behov. Jag reflekterar över hur pedagoger samtalar med barn och om barns möjligheter att påverka sin vardag på förskolan.

The gas leak disaster in Bhopal, India, in 1984 illustrates a situation of catastrophe and mass torts resulting in loss of life and health as well as environmental degradation. The Indian company Union Carbide India Limited, who owned and operated the chemical plant that caused the disaster, did not have sufficient assets to compensate the victims in contrast to its financially well-equipped US parent company Union Carbide Corporation. The courts never reached a decision regarding parent company liability for the subsidiary’s debts arising from tort claims against the subsidiary. However, where the subsidiary cannot satisfy its tort creditors, as in the Bhopal case, questions regarding parent company liability become highly relevant in relation to both foreign and domestic subsidiaries. Therefore, parent company liability for subsidiaries’ torts is discussed in this thesis with reference to Swedish and UK company law and with a focus on the tort creditors’ situation and the business and human rights debate. From limited liability for shareholders and each company being a separate legal entity follows that a parent company is not liable for its subsidiaries’ debts in neither Swedish nor UK company law. These concepts serve the important function of facilitating risk-taking and entrepreneurial activities. However, they also contribute to the problem of uncompensated tort victims arising where a subsidiary is involved in liability- producing activities but lacks assets to compensate the tort victims. Where limited liability and each company being a separate legal entity leads to particularly inappropriate results, the doctrine of piercing the corporate veil in both Sweden and the UK allows the court to disregard the separate legal personalities and hold the parent company liable for its subsidiary’s acts or omissions. The doctrine is characterised by uncertainty and is seemingly only available under exceptional circumstances. The doctrine does little to mitigate the problems for subsidiaries’ tort creditors at large. The business and human rights debate calls for access to judicial remedies for victims of businesses’ human rights violations. As some human rights violations can form the basis of a tort claim, it is relevant to discuss parent company liability according to company law in relation to human rights violations. The United Nations Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights emphasise the need to ensure that corporate law does not prevent access to judicial remedies. However, the company law regulation of liability in company groups seems in practice to function as an obstacle for access to judicial remedies for human rights victims, particularly when also considering the inadequate legal regimes in some host states and the hurdles of jurisdiction and applicable law in multinational company groups. It is concluded in this thesis that the company law regulation of liability in company groups is seemingly not equipped to meet the challenges arising with the development of company groups, the global reach of the private business sector, the risks of mass torts and the influence of the business sector on human rights.

碩士
實踐大學
家庭研究與兒童發展學系家庭諮商與輔導碩士班
105
The goal of this research is to explore and examine the self-awareness game "The Answer 1205" and how it enable individuals to evaluate their own experiences and feelings before and after playing the game. This study is conducted through semi-structured interviews using a qualitative research methodology called Hermeneutic Phenomenology. The research data is collected using the Interpersonal Process Recall Interview and analyzed via Thematic Analysis. Here are some of the key performances an individual in the case study will experience: (1) from bewilderment to illumination, (2) experience of synchronicity, and (3) cultivate positive emotions. The impact will bring about: (1) new insight and acceptance, (2) ability to choose one thought over another, (3) positive reminders and suggestions, and (4) the motivation to change. Researchers analyzed "The Answer 1205" and identified three key success factors - game architecture and planning, execution by the game facilitator, and also high participation and engagement from the audience.