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Academic literature on the topic 'Answer group'

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Published: 11 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Answer group"

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Babakov, Aleksei V. "Answer from Muromtsev's group." FEBS Letters 361, no. 1 (March 13, 1995): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(56)90003-5.

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Dorothea Crites. "Psychotherapy Can Help Answer “What Now?” for the #MeToo Movement." Group 42, no. 3 (2018): 267. http://dx.doi.org/10.13186/group.42.3.0267.

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Giuliodori, Mauricio J., Heidi L. Lujan, and Stephen E. DiCarlo. "Student interaction characteristics during collaborative group testing." Advances in Physiology Education 33, no. 1 (March 2009): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.90161.2008.

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We used collaborative testing in a veterinary physiology course (65 students) to answer the following questions: 1) do students with individual correct responses or students with individual incorrect responses change their answers during group testing? and 2) do high-performing students make the decisions, that is, are low-performing students carried by high-performing peers? To address these questions, students first completed the exam in the traditional format as individuals. After completing the exam as individuals, students completed the same exam in groups of two. Finally, the same questions were discussed by the instructor and students (instructor feedback). We found that students with individual incorrect responses changed their answers during group testing more often than students with individual correct responses (odds ratio: 7.58, P < 0.01). Furthermore, student feedback was more beneficial when group members had different individual answers than when they had same individual answers ( P < 0.05). In addition, when group members had different individual answers, more answers were changed to correct responses than to incorrect responses (77% vs. 23%, P < 0.01). It was more important to have the correct answer than to be the high-performing student, because the student with the correct response (being either the high- or low-performing student) generally prevailed (∼ 80% of the time, P = 0.5). Finally, the positive effects of group testing (77% of total effects, P < 0.05) were due to students who changed their individual answer to the correct response after discussion with peers with the correct response and also with the incorrect individual response.
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Relling, Alejandro E., and Mauricio J. Giuliodori. "Effect of peer instruction on the likelihood for choosing the correct response to a physiology question." Advances in Physiology Education 39, no. 3 (September 2015): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00092.2014.

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The aims of the present study were to measure the effects of individual answer (correct vs. incorrect), individual answer of group members (no vs. some vs. all correct), self-confidence about the responses (low vs. mid vs. high), sex (female vs. male students), and group size (2–4 students) on the odds for change and for correctness after peer instruction in a veterinary physiology course ( n = 101 students). Data were assessed by multivariable logistic regression analysis. The likelihood for change after peer instruction increased when the confidence on an individual answer was low ( P < 0.01), when the answer was incorrect ( P < 0.01), and when group members had different responses ( P < 0.01). The likelihood for correctness after peer instruction increased when the confidence in group answers was high ( P < 0.01), when the individual answer was correct ( P < 0.01), and when at least one of the group members had the correct response ( P < 0.01). After peer discussion, more changes were from incorrect to correct responses than vice versa (72% vs. 28%, P < 0.01). Changes to correct answers occurred after discussion with peers having both the correct individual response (76% of times) and also the incorrect individual answer (24% of times). In conclusion, the benefits of peer instruction are due to students having correct answers generally prevail in discussions. Also, students who all have incorrect answers can get the correct answer through debate and discussion.
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Kablan, Zeynel. "Comparison of individual answer and group answer with and without structured peer assessment." Research in Science & Technological Education 32, no. 3 (August 11, 2014): 251–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02635143.2014.931840.

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ROSEN, ALISON C. "ADULT GROUP HOMES: THE ANSWER TO OVER-PROTECTION." Journal of the Institute of Mental Subnormality (APEX) 1, no. 3 (August 26, 2009): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3156.1973.tb00035.x.

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BOVDI, VICTOR, and ALEXANDER KONOVALOV. "INTEGRAL GROUP RING OF THE MATHIEU SIMPLE GROUP M24." Journal of Algebra and Its Applications 11, no. 01 (February 2012): 1250016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219498811005427.

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We study the Zassenhaus conjecture for the normalized unit group of the integral group ring of the Mathieu sporadic group M24. As a consequence, for this group we give a positive answer to the question by Kimmerle about prime graphs.
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Nakayama, Shinnosuke, Elizabeth Krasner, Lorenzo Zino, and Maurizio Porfiri. "Social information and spontaneous emergence of leaders in human groups." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 16, no. 151 (February 2019): 20180938. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2018.0938.

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Understanding the dynamics of social networks is the objective of interdisciplinary research ranging from animal collective behaviour to epidemiology, political science and marketing. Social influence is key to comprehending emergent group behaviour, but we know little about how inter-individual relationships emerge in the first place. We conducted an experiment where participants repeatedly performed a cognitive test in a small group. In each round, they were allowed to change their answers upon seeing the current answers of other members and their past performance in selecting correct answers. Rather than following a simple majority rule, participants granularly processed the performance of others in deciding how to change their answers. Toward a network model of the experiment, we associated a directed link of a time-varying network with every change in a participant's answer that mirrored the answer of another group member. The rate of growth of the network was not constant in time, whereby links were found to emerge faster as time progressed. Further, repeated interactions reinforced relationships between individuals' performance and their network centrality. Our results provide empirical evidence that inter-individual relationships spontaneously emerge in an adaptive way, where good performers rise as group leaders over time.
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Helrich, Carl S. "Answer to Question #52. Group velocity and energy propagation." American Journal of Physics 66, no. 8 (August 1998): 658–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.18946.

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Mathar, Richard J. "Answer to Question #52. Group velocity and energy propagation." American Journal of Physics 66, no. 8 (August 1998): 659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.18947.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Answer group"

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Louw, Cornelia Dorothea. "What is the question that group work is the answer to?" Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11302.

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Bibliography: leaves 90-96.
After the introduction of Curriculum 2005 in 1998, various classroom-based research projects were undertaken to monitor the implementation of the new curriculum. The findings of these projects point to the widespread use of a certain type of group work in South African classrooms. The Report of the Review Committee of Curriculum 2005 also points to the popularity of group work as methodology. In both the classroom-based research and the Report of the Review Committee it is stated that the way group work is currently practiced does not enhance learning. The researcher wondered what the question was that group work was the answer to for so many people, and decided to investigate.
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Dal, Fovo Eugenia. "SIMULTANEOUS INTERPRETATION ON TELEVISION: THE CASE OF THE QUESTION/ANSWER GROUP IN THE 2004 U.S. PRESIDENTIAL DEBATHON." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trieste, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10077/10078.

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2011/2012
The doctoral thesis focuses on the output of interpreters translating the 2004 U.S. presidential debathon for Italian television (DEB.04 corpus). The contrastive qualitative analysis conducted on the corpus items aimed at identifying the infotainment elements characterising presidential debates as television genre and verifying their presence in the interpreted texts (ITs) broadcast on Italian television. More specifically, the analysis focused on discourse elements operationalising conflict (Contest-like dimension) in the question/answer group in terms of DEGREE OF CONFLICTUALITY – i.e., conflict elicitation, validation and mitigation, in both the original texts (OTs) and the ITs. The doctoral thesis was conducted within the CorIT (Italian Television Interpreting Corpus) project (Straniero Sergio & Falbo 2012) of the Department of Legal, Language, Interpreting and Translation Studies (University of Trieste). The compilation, elaboration and classification of the corpus of analysis (DEB.04) aims at providing a template for the elaboration and classification of CorIT items, using DEB.04 as a training corpus to test specific dedicated softwares.
Il presente progetto di ricerca si incentra sullo studio delle interpretazioni dei dibattiti presidenziali americani del 2004 trasmessi dalla televisione italiana (DEB.04 corpus). L’analisi contrastiva di tipo qualitativo ha avuto come obiettivo principale quello di individuare le caratteristiche del genere televisivo ‘dibattito presidenziale’ che maggiormente ne definiscono l’aspetto di ‘televisione di informazione e intrattenimento’ (infotainment television) e verificarne la presenza nel testo interpretato (TI). Nello specifico ci si è proposti di individuare gli elementi discorsuali tramite i quali l’elemento di intrattenimento (conflitto, competizione) viene operativizzato nel gruppo domanda/risposta quale cardine dell’evento comunicativo, in termini di iniziazione, mantenimento e mitigazione del grado di conflittualità dello stesso, sia a livello di testo originale (OT) che a livello di TI. La tesi dottorale si inserisce nel progetto CorIT – Corpus di Interpretazione Televisiva (Straniero Sergio & Falbo 2012) del Dipartimento di Scienze Giuridiche, del Linguaggio, dell’Interpretazione e della Traduzione, e si propone altresì di fornire una base metodologica per l’elaborazione e la catalogazione degli item di CorIT, utilizzando il corpus d’analisi, DEB.04, come training corpus per i software dedicati impiegati.
XXV Ciclo
1983
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Robertshaw, Brooke. "Mixing the Emic and Etic Perspectives: A Study Exploring Development of Fixed-Answer Questions to Measure In-Service Teachers' Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge." DigitalCommons@USU, 2013. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/3345.

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Using a sequential mixed-method methodology, this dissertation study set out to understand the emic and etic perspectives of the knowledge encompassed in the technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) framework and to develop fixed answer questions based on that knowledge. While there have been many studies examining ways to measure TPACK in in-service and pre-service teachers, very few have addressed measuring TPACK using fixed-answer questions. Through the use of the mixed-methods, a snapshot of the emic (inside) and etic (outside) perspectives on the TPACK framework was obtained. This study used a focus group with in-service teachers (emic perspective) and interviews with teacher educators (etic perspective) to understand the kind of knowledge attributed to the TPACK framework. Six themes were derived from the focus group and interviews, from which fixed-answer questions were developed. Those six themes included such issues as access to technology, the use of technology for solid teaching and learning purposes, and passive versus active learning when using technology. Following best practices, the eleven questions included a scenario that gave context to the questions asked and the answers provided. In-service teachers reviewed the items to assure that the language and context were appropriate to classroom practice. Four experts on the TPACK framework reviewed the items for face validity. Across the experts six of the eleven items were rated as valid. Although only the experts saw a small number of items as valid, this study indicates that this kind of measurement for the TPACK framework may be possible.
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Hjorth, Amanda, and Rundström Julia Pantzar. "Transparens i skatteredovisning : Vad anser koncernskattechefer?" Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för handel och företagande, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-13070.

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Bakgrund: OECD har tillsammans med G20-länderna beslutat att koncerner skall skatterapportera i enlighet med ett nytt underlag utifrån en ny lagstiftning, som heter Country-By-Country-rapportering (CbCr). Detta innebär att företagen skall börja rapportera bland annat betald skatt och sina anställda per jurisdiktion där företaget verkar och på så vis kommer en ökad transparens inom skatteredovisning att ske. Ur myndigheters synpunkt är detta en ändring mot det positiva, men frågan blir vad företagen och dess koncernskattechefer anser om denna ändring i skatteraportering. Syfte: Uppsatsens syfte är att identifiera och beskriva koncernskattechefers attityder till en ny lagstiftning som ändrar dagens skatterapportering genom CbCr som leder till en ökad transparens i skatteredovisningen, samt att se vad som påverkar identifierad attityd. Denna studie kommer att bidra genom att ge ett empiriskt underlag som öppnar för framtida forskning kring attityder hos koncernskattechefer vid den ökade transparensen i skatteredovisning. Studien ger också ett kunskapsunderlag för statliga myndigheter, i synnerhet skattemyndigheter, och för berörda koncerner samt svenskt näringsliv. Metod: Genom en kvalitativ metod med  intervjuer av koncernskattechefer hos 8 stora koncerner samt skatteverket har empiriskt material samlats in som leder till en vidare analys och slutsats. Slutsats: De mest framträdande resultaten i denna uppsats har varit att en del koncernskattechefer ser samband mellan skatt och socialt ansvar och är därmed positiva till implementeringen eftersom det kommer att stärka det sociala kontraktet. Andra koncernskattechefer ser risker med CbCr och ökade kostnader och därmed minskade incitamentsersättningar och har en negativ attityd till en ökad transparens i skatteredovisningen.
Background: A decision made by OECD, together with G20-countries says that Corporate Groups shall report report tax according to new guideline, called Country-By-Country-reporting. This means that corporate groups for example will report tax paid per jurisdiction and therefore will the tax transparency be increased. According to  authorities, the new implementation is positive but the question is whether the corporate groups and their corporate group tax managers will be positive or not. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify and explain attitudes of tax managers when a new legislation changes today´s tax reporting in the form of a CbC-report which will increase transparency in the tax reporting, and what elements are behind these identified attitudes.This study will contribute by giving an empirical material thats opens to further research about corporate group tax managers attitudes with increased tax transparency. The study also gives better knowledge for public authorities, particularly the tax authority and to concerned corporate groups. Method: Through a qualitative method with interviews with corporate group tax managers with 8 large corporate groups and tax authorities, empirical material has been gathered, which leads to further analysis and a conclusion. Conclusion: The most prominent results in this essay has been the fact that some corporate group tax managers sees the connection between tax and social responsibility and therefor are positive to the implementation because it will strengthen the social contract.Other corporate group tax managers sees the hazards with CbCr and appurtenant costs and therefor decreased incentive compensation. These corporate group tax managers have a negative attitudes towards an increased tax transparency.
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Johansson, Fredrik, and Niclas Ernebratt. "Rabatt- och upplevelsesajters civilrättsliga ansvar vid konsumentköp : särskilt om rabattsajten Groupon." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för juridik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-28626.

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En ny trend inom internethandeln är företeelsen av så kallade rabatt- och upplevelsesajter. På den svenska marknaden är Groupon marknadsledande rabattsajt samtidigt som LiveIt anses störst inom upplevelseförmedling. Affärskonceptet – att marknadsföra priserbjudanden eller upplevelser och sedan hänvisa konsumenter vidare till leverantörer – har tagits efter av en rad aktörer och den nya trenden får antas fortsätta en tid framöver. Det faktum att den aktuella typen av förmedling är relativt ny har lett till en osäkerhet kring vilket ansvar rabatt- och upplevelseföretagen har gentemot konsumenter. Inte sällan använder de sig av varierande affärsupplägg vilket bidragit till ytterligare oklarhet. Det saknas direkt tillämplig tvingande lagstiftning och företagen begränsar ofta, genom mer eller mindre långtgående friskrivningar, sitt civilrättsliga ansvar. Syftet med förevarande uppsats är att undersöka vilket civilrättsligt ansvar som företagen har gentemot konsumenter vid dröjsmål och fel i vara och tjänst. I uppsatsen, som inledningsvis diskuterar innebörden av termerna kollektiv shopping och gruppköp, redogörs för de tre affärsmodeller som det marknadsledande rabattföretaget Groupon använder sig av. Dessa affärsmodeller ligger sedan till grund för de diskussioner som förs i arbetets analysdel. Rabattföretagens ansvar visar sig vara beroende av vilken affärsmodell som tillämpats vid försäljningen. Företagen kan dels betraktas som återförsäljare alternativt kommissionärer vilket leder till ett fullständigt civilrättsligt ansvar, dels som handelsagenter med underliggande fullmakt vars enda ansvar är att ta emot och vidareförmedla reklamationer, dels som en oreglerad typ av mellanman som enligt dagens gällande rätt enbart ansvarar för lämnad information gällande de vouchrar som företagen säljer. Detta sistnämnda ansvar är visserligen dispositivt men förefaller utgöra en allmän rättsgrundsats varför det ligger nära till hands att betrakta friskrivningar från lämnad information som oskäliga. Ett tänkbart sätt att stärka konsumentskyddet inom det aktuella problemområdet är att utvidga den så kallade förmedlingsregeln i konsumentköplagens inledande paragraf samt att eventuellt införa en liknande regel även i konsumenttjänstlagen.
A new trend within e-commerce is the phenomenon of deal-of-the-day and event websites. The market leaders in Sweden are Groupon (deal-of-the-day) and LiveIt (event). Their business concept is to promote price offers or events, and then refer consumers to merchants. This concept has been copied by a number of other e-commerce providers and this trend is likely to continue. The fact that this kind of mediation is relatively new has led to an uncertainty as to what responsibility these companies have in relation to the consumers. Furthermore, the companies use a variety of business models which increases the uncertainty even more. There are no directly applicable mandatory provisions, and the companies often reduce their liability by using more or less extensive disclaimers. This essay aims to investigate which civil liability the companies have in relation to the consumers in post-purchase situations (relating to delays and lack of conformity). In this essay, which initially relates to the meaning of the terms ‘collective shopping’ and ‘group buying’, the three business models that Groupon utilize will be explained. These business models form the basis of the following analysis. The liability of the companies is proven to be dependent on which kind of business model that the purchase was conducted according to. The companies can be considered as retailers or commission agents who both have full liability, or they can be considered as commercial agents with a proxy whose liability is limited to receive and mediate complaints, or they can be considered as some kind of unregulated middleman which, according to existing law, only has a responsibility for information given in the marketing of the sold vouchers. The liability of this unregulated middleman is indeed optional, but still considered a general legal principle. A disclaimer from that liability could be considered unfair. One possible way to enhance consumer protection within this area is to expand the mediation rule in the first section of the Consumer Sales Act. An additional possibility is to introduce a similar rule in the Consumer Services Act.
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Dawit, Milkias. "Vad gör Legimus webbplats användarvänlig? : En fallstudie om vad studenterna på Högskolan Dalarna anser göra www.legimus.se användarvänlig." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Institutionen för information och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-38087.

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Legimus är ett online bibliotek som tillhör Myndigheten för tillgängliga medier. Myndigheten för tillgängliga medier arbetar för att ge männi-skor med olika förutsättningar tillgång till litteratur och samhällsin-formation. Legimus är ett verktyg som används för att ge människor med läsnedsättningar tillgång till litteratur. Legimus har en webbplats som användare kan få tillgången att läsa litteratur på. Som ett viktigt koncept i inom interaktionen mellan människan och da-torn påverkar användbarheten och webbplatsens användarvänlighet besökarens upplevelse. På grund av detta fokuserar detta arbete på an-vändarvänligheten på Legimus webbplats. Syftet med detta arbete är att göra en fallstudie kring vad som gör Legi-mus användarvänlig samt att fokusera på vald målgrupp för att ta reda på svårigheter och vad de förväntar sig av användningen av den valda webbplatsen. Den valda frågeställningen är följande: Har Legimus lyck-ats attrahera sin prioriterade målgrupp hos studenterna på Högskolan Dalarna med webbsidans design och användarvänlighet. För att utföra detta arbete har en kvalitativ metod valts där studenter på Högskolan Dalarna intervjuas, därefter analyseras resultaten med hjälp av fyra teman som intervjufrågorna är uppdelade i. Resultatet visar att respondenterna hade olika uppfattningar kring an-vändarvänligheten. En del respondenter ansåg webbplatsen vara otydlig till en början, men med tiden lärt sig använda webbplatsen. Majoriteten av respondenterna ansåg webbsidan vara enkel samt tydlig. Responden-terna fick möjligheten att ta fram deras egna synpunkter angående webbplatsen. Där hade majoriteten av respondenterna förslag på för-bättringar av webbsidans design. Den slutsats som dragit är inte att respondenterna upplevt webbsidans design lockande. Respondenterna ansåg att de hade använts sig av webbplatsen även om designen var sämre med tanke på behovet av Le-gimus verktyg. Majoriteten av användarna ansåg att webbplatsen var användarvänlig men för att säkerställa min slutsats avslutades intervjun med frågan om respondenterna ansåg webbplatsen vara användarvän-lig. Samtliga respondenterna ansåg den vara användarvänlig, vilket stär-ker min slutsats.
Legimus is an online library owned by the Myndigheten för tillgängliga medier. Myndigheten för tillgängliga medier provides people with dif-ferent circumstances the access to public literature and information. Legimus is a tool that enables people with reading difficulties to access literature. Legimus has a website where users can read the literature. As an important concept in the interaction between man and computer, the usability and user-friendliness of the website affects the visitor's ex-perience. Because of this, this work focuses on the user-friendliness of the Legimus website. The purpose of this work is to do a case study on what makes Legimus user-friendly and to focus on the selected target group to find out diffi-culties and what they expect from the use of the selected website. The chosen question is as follows: Has Legimus succeeded in attracting its priority target group of the students at Dalarna University with the web-site's design and user-friendliness. To carry out this work, a qualitative method has been chosen where stu-dents at Dalarna University are interviewed, after which the results are analysed with the help of four themes into which the interview ques-tions are divided. The results show that the respondents had different views on user-friendliness. Some respondents considered the website to be unclear at first, but over time learned to use the website. Most of the respondents considered the website to be simple and clear. The respondents were given the opportunity to express their own views regarding the website. There, most respondents had suggestions for improvements to the de-sign of the website. The conclusion drawn is not that the respondents found the website's design attractive. The respondents considered that they had used the website even if the design was worse given the need for Legimus webpage. Most of the users considered the website to be user-friendly, but to ensure my conclusion, the interview ended with the question of whether the respondents considered the website to be user-friendly. All the respondents considered it to be user-friendly, which strengthens my conclusion.
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Ramseyer, Amandine. "Les mécanismes collectifs de décision dans les déplacements de groupe chez trois espèces domestiques : oies (Anser domesticus), ovins (Ovis aries) et bovins (Bos taurus)." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6030.

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Les animaux vivant en groupes doivent arriver à un consensus afin de se déplacer et d’exploiter leur environnement tout en conservant leur cohésion sociale. J’ai étudié les processus collectifs de décision dans le contexte des déplacements chez trois groupes d'animaux appartenant à des espèces domestiques : les oies grises (Anser domesticus), les agnelles de race Romane (Ovis aries) et les génisses de race Charolais (Bos taurus). Les résultats montrent qu’il est possible de prédire la direction et le moment du départ d’un groupe à partir de la distribution spatiale des animaux avant départ et de l'élévation de leur niveau d'activité. Le processus de décision apparaît distribué entre les membres du groupe. Il est également distribué dans le temps, en ce sens que le nombre de participants au déplacement est déterminé par des facteurs intervenant aussi bien au cours de la phase avant départ, que lors du départ et après le départ. Dans les trois groupes étudiés, le processus de décision repose à la fois sur des mécanismes simples comme le comportement allélomimétique et des mécanismes plus élaborés qui mettent en jeu les relations sociales entre les membres du groupe. Les processus de recrutement apparaissent plus simples chez les oies où ils sont fondés en majeure partie sur la distribution spatiale des individus, alors que les relations sociales jouent un rôle plus important dans les deux autres espèces. On peut rendre compte de la structure du groupe en déplacement et des positions des individus à partir de des relations d'affinité entre individus et de leurs traits de tempérament. Par ailleurs, l’existence de comportements coercitifs chez les ovins et les bovins indique qu'ils peuvent entraîner leurs congénères de manière intentionnelle. La compréhension des facteurs qui gouvernent la prise collective de décision chez les animaux domestiques doit permettre une meilleure optimisation de l’exploitation des ressources de l’environnement par les troupeaux
Group-living animals have to reach consensus decisions to travel and exploit their environment whilst retaining social cohesion. I studied collective decision processes in the context of movements in three groups of domestic animals: greylag geese (Anser domesticus), Romane ewe-lambs (Ovis aries) and Charolais heifers (Bos taurus). Results show that we can predict the direction and departure time of a group movement from the spatial distribution and activity rates of individuals before departure. The decision process is distributed between group members. It is also time-distributed since the number of individuals taking part in the group movement depends on factors observed in the periods before, during and after departure time. In the three groups studied, decision-making is based on simple mechanisms such as allelomimetic behaviours and more elaborated processes involving social relationships between group members. Recruitment mechanisms appear simpler in geese, where they are primarily related to the spatial distribution of animals, whereas social relationships play a more important role in sheep and cattle. Group order during movement may be accounted by affinitive relationships between individuals and their temperament traits. Besides, the occurrence of coercive behaviours in sheep and cattle indicates their ability to intentionally recruit their conspecifics. The understanding of factors prompting collective processes of decision-making in domestic animals should lead to a better optimization and exploitation of food resources by flocks and herds
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Ramseyer, Amandine Thierry Bernard Dumont Bertrand. "Les mécanismes collectifs de décision dans les déplacements de groupe chez trois espèces domestiques oies (Anser domesticus), ovins (Ovis aries) et bovins (Bos taurus) /." Strasbourg : Université de Strasbourg, 2009. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/1126/01/RAMSEYER_Amandine_2009_restrict.pdf.

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Thèse de doctorat : Physiologie et biologie des organismes et des populations, Ethologie : Strasbourg : 2009.
Thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. 20 p.
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Janbek, Dana. "The Use of the Internet as a Communication Medium by Extremist Muslim Groups: A Content Analysis of Web Sites." Scholarly Repository, 2009. http://scholarlyrepository.miami.edu/oa_dissertations/273.

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The use of Web sites by terrorist groups has been evident since the mid 1990s. Security experts and researchers have identified terror-related Internet activity as a growing area of concern, especially following the attacks of September 11, 2001. Terrorist groups using the Internet pose two distinct threats. The first is cyberterrorism: terrorists using the Internet destructively and directly to bring about harm to persons or property, including, attacks on Web sites. The second is the use of the Internet as a communication medium to further the cause of terrorism or a particular organization. As of 2008, Weimann (2008b) estimated that over 6,000 terrorist Web sites exist, but the definition of a terrorist Web site is not always clear. This study analyzed the content of 30 "extremist" sites and defined those as sites that endorse hatred and violence towards the United States and its allies by sharing their hatred and actively promoting their ideologies online. This research examined the source of the message, the message content, the types of receivers intended, the channels used to communicate the message, the purpose of the message, and the effects of the message. Results indicate that a major purpose of the organizations is to justify their actions to skeptics. The organizations have built a virtual extremist community with each other and outside members where their sum is greater than their total. The actual impact of these sites is difficult to measure. However, while Web 2.0 features are employed on these sites, this study argues that censorship and forum rules restrict members from engaging in a real dialogue thus limiting the potential of recruiting moderates.
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Lännerström, Linda. "Telefonrådgivning och sjukskrivningar : - en fokusgruppsstudie med sjuksköterskor på vårdcentral." Thesis, Mälardalen University, School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-7702.

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När en person söker en första kontakt med hälso- och sjukvården sker det oftast via ett telefonsamtal till vårdcentralen. Vid telefonsamtalet, som tas emot av en sjuksköterska, bedöms och åtgärdas vårdsökarens ärende. Sjukskrivningar är ett av många ärenden som hanteras. De senaste åren har hanteringen av sjukskrivningar i Svensk hälso- och sjukvård förändrats vilket har orsakat en minskning av antalet sjukskrivningar. Sjuksköterskor har i varierande grad deltagit i denna utveckling och denna studie vill synliggöra sjuksköterskans deltagande i vården av sjukskrivna på vårdcentralen.

Syftet var att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av telefonrådgivning på vårdcentralen och speciellt hantering av sjukskrivningar. Studien är kvalitativ med induktiv ansats. Datainsamling har skett genom fokusgruppssamtal med 14 stycken sjuksköterskor som arbetar med telefonrådgivning på tre vårdcentraler. Insamlat material analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys.

Gruppsamtalen visade att sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av telefonrådgivning är att arbetet är kvalificerat och stimulerande. Hanteringen av sjukskrivningar innefattar att göra bedömning, ge patienten information och bevaka patientens rättigheter. Hindrande och möjliggörande omständigheter påverkar sjuksköterskornas arbete och deras hantering. De hindrande omständigheterna kan ibland leda till att sjuksköterskan vill frånsäga sig ansvar. Studien har identifierat ett behov av att tydliggöra omvårdnadsansvaret för verksamma sjuksköterskor i telefonrådgivning på vårdcentral så att sjuksköterskans bedömningar i telefonrådgivningssituationen i högre grad baseras på omvårdnadens mål.


When a person seeks contact with community health services in Sweden it’s usually via a phone call to the primary health care centre. By the phone call, received by a nurse, the health seeker’s case is assessed and addressed. Sick leave is one of many cases being managed. In recent years, management of sick leave in Swedish primary health care has changed and decreased the number of sick leaves. However, nurses have in varying degrees, participated in this change. This study will visualize the nurse's participation in the care of patients on sick leave at the primary health care centre.

The aim was to describe nurses' experiences of telephone advisory services at the primary health care centre and especially the management of sick leaves. The study is qualitative with an inductive approach. Data collection was done through focus group discussions with 14 nurses working with telephone advisory services at three primary health care centres. Collected material was analyzed by qualitative content analysis.

The group discussions demonstrated nurses' experiences of telephone advisory services as qualified and stimulating. The specific management of sick leave was described as a combination of making assessment, providing patient information and monitoring the patient's rights. Obstructing and enabling circumstances affect nurses telephone advisory services and their management of sick leaves. The obstucitive cirumstances sometimes causes nurses wanting to abdicate responsibility. The study has identified a need to clarify the caring responsibility for nurses in telephone advice services so that nurse's assessments increasingly are based on caring goales.

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Books on the topic "Answer group"

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Library of Congress. Copyright Office, ed. In answer to your query: Group registration of published photographs. [Washington, D.C: U.S. Copyright Office, 2004.

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Never take no for an answer: The untold story of Accor, a French company's rise to world leadership in the hotel industry. Paris: Albin Michel, 1999.

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Soto, Hernando de. The other path: The economic answer to terrorism. New York: Basic Books, 1989.

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Clare, Prophet Elizabeth, ed. The answer you're looking for is inside of you: A commonsense guide to spiritual growth. Corwin Springs, MT: Summit University Press, 1997.

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The other path: The economic answer to terrorism. New York: Basic Books, 2002.

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Jo-Ellen, Asbury, ed. Focus group research. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press, 2012.

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National Institute for Social Work. Positive answers: Final report of the Wagner Development Group. London: HMSO, 1993.

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Pennell, Joan. Family group decision making: Communities stopping family violence : questions and answers. [Ottawa]: Health Canada, 1998.

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Weitz, Jay. Cataloger's judgment: Music cataloging questions and answers from the Music OCLC Users Group newsletter. Westport, Conn: Libraries Unlimited, 2004.

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1943-, Clarke John H., ed. Real questions, real answers: Focusing teacher leadership on school improvement. Alexandria, Va., USA: Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Answer group"

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Rosinger, Elemér E. "Nonprojectable Lie Group Actions and an Answer to Hilbert’s Fifth Problem." In Parametric Lie Group Actions on Global Generalised Solutions of Nonlinear PDEs, 169–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9076-1_11.

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Zamagni, Claudio. "Is the Question-and-Answer Literary Genre in Early Christian Literature a Homogeneous Group?" In Instrumenta Patristica et Mediaevalia, 241–68. Turnhout: Brepols Publishers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/m.ipm-eb.1.101153.

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Rosinger, Elemér E. "Arbitrary Global Lie Group Actions on Generalised Solutions of Nonlinear PDEs and an Answer to Hilbert's Fifth Problem." In Nonlinear Theory of Generalized Functions, 251–66. Boca Raton: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203745458-24.

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Bergem, Ole Kristian, Trude Nilsen, Oleksandra Mittal, and Henrik Galligani Ræder. "Can Teachers’ Instruction Increase Low-SES Students’ Motivation to Learn Mathematics?" In Equity, Equality and Diversity in the Nordic Model of Education, 251–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61648-9_10.

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AbstractStudents’ motivation in mathematics has been shown to predict their achievement and whether they pursue a later career in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics). To sustain equity in education, it is important that students are motivated for the STEM fields, independent of their background characteristics (e.g., gender and SES). Previous research has revealed that students’ motivation declines from primary to secondary school. The present study investigates whether this unwanted development may be related to students’ SES, and more importantly, what aspects of teachers’ instruction are related to student motivation for low, medium, and high-SES student groups in grade 5 and 9. We use data from students in grades 5 and 9 and their teachers who participated in TIMSS 2015 in Norway. Multilevel (students and classes), multi-group structural equation modelling is used to answer the research questions. In line with previous research from Germany and the USA, the results showed that SES is more important to student motivation in secondary than primary school, that low SES students’ motivation depends more on their teachers’ instructional quality than high SES students and that this dependency is stronger in secondary school than in primary school. The implications and contributions of the study are discussed.
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"And the answer is . . . group problem-solving and decision-making?" In Group Communication, 118–36. Routledge, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203135136-15.

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Laughlin, Patrick R. "Letters-to-Numbers Problems." In Group Problem Solving. Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691147918.003.0006.

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This chapter looks at letters-to-numbers problems, an interesting class of problems that entail many insightful strategies. Letters-to-numbers problems strongly fulfill the four conditions of demonstrability of Laughlin and Ellis (1986) and are thus highly intellective. Condition 1 is that the group members must agree on a conceptual system. Condition 2 is that there must be sufficient information. Condition 3 is that the member(s) who do not know the correct answer should be able to recognize it if it is proposed by another group member. Condition 4 is that the member(s) who do know the correct answer have sufficient ability, motivation, and time to demonstrate it to the incorrect member(s).
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J. Bloustein, Edward. "Privacy as an Aspect of Human Dignity: An Answer to Dean Prosser." In Individual & Group Privacy, 1–46. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351319966-1.

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Collins, Stephanie. "The Tripartite Model." In Group Duties, 1–26. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198840275.003.0001.

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This chapter provides an introduction and overview of the Tripartite Model of group duties. It opens by giving some real-world examples of attributions of duties to groups. It then provides an overview of the Tripartite Model, which is designed to assess and guide such attributions. This is the model that will be defended and detailed in later chapters. The chapter differentiates the issue of group duties from the issues of group causal responsibility and group moral retrospective responsibility. The three categories of the Tripartite Model—combinations, coalitions, and collectives—are described. Finally, the chapter elaborates on the book’s conception of duties and the range of questions that the Tripartite Model aims to answer.
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"The G20 as the answer to the crisis of global governance." In The Group of Twenty (G20), 136–50. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203071236-16.

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Laughlin, Patrick R. "Conclusions." In Group Problem Solving. Princeton University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691147918.003.0009.

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This concluding chapter proposes generalizations that emerge from theory and research on group problem solving and a brief retrospective and prospective. Group tasks are ordered on a continuum anchored by intellective and judgmental tasks. Intellective tasks have a demonstrably correct solution within a mathematical, logical, scientific, or verbal conceptual system. Judgmental tasks are evaluative, behavioral, or aesthetic judgments for which no generally accepted demonstrably correct answer exists. The underlying basis of the intellective-judgmental continuum is a continuum of demonstrability. The proportion of group members that is necessary and sufficient for a group response is inversely proportional to the demonstrability of the proposed response.
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Conference papers on the topic "Answer group"

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Ma, Mingbo, Liang Huang, Bing Xiang, and Bowen Zhou. "Group Sparse CNNs for Question Classification with Answer Sets." In Proceedings of the 55th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 2: Short Papers). Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/p17-2053.

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Pawlak, Alanna, Paul W. Irving, and Marcos D. Caballero. "Identification of a shared answer-making epistemic game in a group context." In 2015 Physics Education Research Conference. American Association of Physics Teachers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/perc.2015.pr.059.

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Shi, Yuxuan, Gong Cheng, Trung-Kien Tran, Jie Tang, and Evgeny Kharlamov. "Keyword-Based Knowledge Graph Exploration Based on Quadratic Group Steiner Trees." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/215.

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Exploring complex structured knowledge graphs (KGs) is challenging for non-experts as it requires knowledge of query languages and the underlying structure of the KGs. Keyword-based exploration is a convenient paradigm, and computing a group Steiner tree (GST) as an answer is a popular implementation. Recent studies suggested improving the cohesiveness of an answer where entities have small semantic distances from each other. However, how to efficiently compute such an answer is open. In this paper, to model cohesiveness in a generalized way, the quadratic group Steiner tree problem (QGSTP) is formulated where the cost function extends GST with quadratic terms representing semantic distances. For QGSTP we design a branch-and-bound best-first (B3F) algorithm where we exploit combinatorial methods to estimate lower bounds for costs. This exact algorithm shows practical performance on medium-sized KGs.
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Zuhra, N., R. Singh, and B. Prathibha. "P185 Reducing waiting times for sleep apnoea diagnotics--are group clinics the answer?" In British Thoracic Society Winter Meeting 2019, QEII Centre, Broad Sanctuary, Westminster, London SW1P 3EE, 4 to 6 December 2019, Programme and Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thorax-2019-btsabstracts2019.328.

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Shibata, Hirohito, Kentaro Takano, Kengo Omura, and Shun'ichi Tano. "Page Navigation on Paper Books and Electronic Media in Reading to Answer Questions." In OzCHI '15: The Annual Meeting of the Australian Special Interest Group for Computer Human Interaction. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2838739.2838747.

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Zhao, Jie, Yu Su, Ziyu Guan, and Huan Sun. "An End-to-End Deep Framework for Answer Triggering with a Novel Group-Level Objective." In Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/d17-1131.

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Trieglaff, Ralf, Detlef Rieck, Astrid Schulze, and Axel Schulz. "Tüv Nord Group Strategy Concept Coop: An Answer for the New Requirements of the Power Plant Flexibilisation." In ASME 2012 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78345.

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The ambitious German energy program predicts a rapid expansion of regenerative power generation. Caused by the fluctuating nature of regenerative forms of energy, the need for backup capacities in the form of similar-sized thermal power plants is clear. Consequently, components of gas and coal-fired power plants are exposed to sharp transients and a high number of cycles. If German design regulations are observed, these operating requirements will lead to high levels of depletion of the integrated components. As a result, inspection and maintenance efforts will also increase. A reduction in the components’ life cycle can lead to a significant increase in costs. To effectively deal with significantly higher requirements, the TÜV NORD Group has designed a strategy, COOP (Cycle Optimized Operation), that allows, on the one hand, a reduction of conservative assessments and, on the other hand, the development of new safety standards in the evaluation of the service life.
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Gu, Rui, Shengwen Zhang, and JianTong He. "Instant Messaging Tool Based Online Question-and-Answer System: An Effort for a New Group Learning Environment." In 2009 International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Software Engineering. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cise.2009.5363373.

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Krager, Jarden, Kristin L. Wood, Richard H. Crawford, Dan Jensen, Jonathan Cagan, Christian D. Schunn, Julie S. Linsey, and Christina K. White. "Understanding Innovation: A Study of Perspectives and Perceptions in Engineering." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-48741.

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Well developed innovation processes are essential components for continued success of product and systems design throughout industry. Such processes build upon research advancements in innovation techniques and methods. To create such techniques and methods, studies are needed to examine the current state-of-the-art, as well as the corresponding teaching of such innovation processes in higher education. This paper contributes to this effort by studying a specific group of innovation researchers, teachers, and practitioners. The study was created to probe this group of leaders in the engineering design domain using technical, demographic, and short answer questions. Various analysis methods are used to obtain a fundamental view of the answers to these questions with respect to the demographics of the participant group. Two deductive analysis methods are used, in addition to an inductive approach, consisting of a correlation analysis to compare responses to questions and understand trends across the participants. Results from the analyses emphasize the current perceptions of innovation by the participants and opportunities to refine research in improving innovation practices.
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Jagiełło-Kowalczyk, Magdalena. "Social group as a factor activating the city." In Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8069.

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Background: One of the social groups that influence the activation of the city to the greatest extent are young people, including students. Social spaces dedicated to this group are to embellish the city, have a positive effect on its image, but they are also to be useful. Methods: This paper has been written on the basis of the Author’s study devoted to finding an answer to the question how much a social group that uses a specific space influences the activation of this space. The examined social group were young people, students from two cities: Toronto and Cracow. The spaces used in the study are places separated from school and university buildings, intended for individual study for high school and university students. Results: The results of the study indicate that one of the important factors that according to young people studying in the cities improve the quality of the social space is the existence of legibly marked places intended for individual study, that is places where students can study and spend time after their classes and lectures. Such places animate and activate the space connected with them. Conclusion: The social group of young people who still attend schools and universities constitutes a very important factor of the activation of cities. Providing young people with an attractive offer connected with their individual education has an invigorating effect on the city.
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Reports on the topic "Answer group"

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Sribniak, Olha. Native Others: What Implications Does the Law on Indigenous Peoples Have for Ukraine’s Indigenous Population? European Centre for Minority Issues, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53779/hdbb5593.

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In July 2021, the Ukrainian Parliament adopted a Law on Indigenous Peoples. It provides a framework for the protection of the rights of the indigenous peoples of the Crimean Peninsula, namely Crimean Tatars, Karaites and Krymchaks, and excludes Mariupol Greeks as a minority potentially qualifying for the status of the fourth indigenous group residing outside of Crimea. What was the general context of the adoption of the Law? What rights does it envisage? And what could the Law potentially bring to the recognized indigenous peoples? This blog post attempts to answer these questions.
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Finnsson, Páll Tómas. Housing markets and housing policy in the Nordics. Nordregio, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/wp2021:1.1403-2511.

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The Nordic Economic Policy Review (NEPR) is an annual publication presenting some of the latest and cutting-edge research into selected topics of economic policy. This year’s edition dives into the Nordic housing markets, examining some of the key policy mechanisms behind the rapidly rising housing prices, as well as the impacts on social welfare and social and ethnic segregation. The theme is selected by the NEPR steering group, which consists of representatives from the Nordic Ministries of Finance, Nordregio, and the NEPR editor. This publication provides a short summary of the five NEPR 2021 articles, which seek to answer the following questions: André Anundsen: What is the prevalence of house price bubbles in the Nordics? Erlend Eide Bø: Do buy-to-let investments lead to higher housing prices? Mats Bergman and Sten Nyberg: What explains the large increase in the relative cost of construction? Niku Määttänen: How can housing taxation improve social welfare? Essi Eerola: How do Nordic housing policies affect affordability and integration?
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Ghanipoor Machiani, Sahar, Aryan Sohrabi, and Arash Jahangiri. Impact of Regular and Narrow AV-Exclusive Lanes on Manual Driver Behavior. Mineta Transportation Institute, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1922.

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This study attempts to answer the question of how a narrow (9-ft) lane dedicated to Automated Vehicles (AVs) would affect the behavior of drivers in the adjacent lane to the right. To this end, a custom driving simulator environment was designed mimicking the Interstate 15 smart corridor in San Diego. A group of participants was assigned to drive next to the simulated 9-ft narrow lane while a control group was assigned to drive next to a regular 12-ft AV lane. Driver behavior was analyzed by measuring the mean lane position, mean speed, and mental effort (self-reported/subjective measure). In addition to AV lane width, the experimental design took into consideration AV headway, gender, and right lane traffic to investigate possible interaction effects. The results showed no significant differences in the speed and mental effort of drivers while indicating significant differences in lane positioning. Although the overall effect of AV lane width was not significant, there were some significant interaction effects between lane width and other factors (i.e., driver gender and presence of traffic on the next regular lane to the right). Across all the significant interactions, there was no case in which those factors stayed constant while AV lane width changed between the groups, indicating that the significant difference stemmed from the other factors rather than the lane width. However, the trend observed was that drivers driving next to the 12-ft lane had better lane centering compared to the 9ft lane. The analysis also showed that while in general female drivers tended to drive further away from the 9-ft lane and performed worse in terms of lane centering, they performed better than male drivers when right-lane traffic was present. This study contributes to understanding the behavioral impacts of infrastructure adaptation to AVs on non-AV drivers.
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London, Jonathan. Vietnam’s Education System: How Coherent Is It for Learning? Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2023/131.

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The disappointing performance of education systems in developing countries in improving learning outcomes has spurred research aimed at establishing what features of education systems determine their effectiveness or failure in improving learning outcomes. There has been special interest in the challenge of making education systems more coherent for learning, i.e., developing systems in which accountability relations among stakeholders across key elements of education policy design support and sustain strong learning outcomes. In the emergent literature on the political economy of education, a great deal of attention has been directed at Vietnam, a lower-middle income country whose results on assessments of learning have been vastly higher than all other countries in its income group and have even surpassed learning assessment results of many OECD countries. This has led to a raft of research papers asking, “how did Vietnam do it?” Addressing this question, this paper explores Vietnam’s education system’s coherence for learning through an analysis of accountability relations across three key elements of education policy design — delegation, finance, and information. Our aim is to ascertain how features of these policy elements’ practice may variously support or undermine the Communist Party of Vietnam’s objective of promoting quality education and improved learning outcomes for all. The potentially surprising answer to the “how coherent” question posed in the title is, not really that much. Analysis finds that Vietnam’s education system remains weakly "coherent around learning" and is best understood as a “formal process compliant” system that, despite its many strengths, is nonetheless underperforming relative to its potential. The implications of this for efforts to enhance the system’s performance around learning are explored in brief.
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Crossan, Mary, Gerard Seijts, Jeffrey Gandz, and Carol Stephenson. Leadership on Trial : A Manifesto for Leadership Development. Richard Ivey School of Business, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/iveypub.44.2010.

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Recent books and articles have analyzed the causes of the global financial and economic crisis of 2007-09. Yet little attention has been paid to the quality of leadership in organizations that were at the epicentre of the storm, were victims of it, avoided it or even prospered from it. In the summer of 2009 a multi-disciplinary group of Ivey faculty decided to look at the leadership dimensions of the recent financial and economic crisis. We started by writing a working paper that laid out our preliminary views. We then engaged more than 300 business, public sector and not-for-profit leaders in small and large groups, as individuals and collectives, to get their reaction to this paper and, more generally, to discuss te role that organizational leadership played before, during and after the crisis. We examined leadership not just in the financial sector but also in many other public and private sector organizations that were affected by the crisis. In a sense, we were putting leadership on trial. Our aim in doing this was not to identify and assign blame. Rather, we examined leadership during this critical period in recent history to learn what we could, and use the learning to improve practice in leadership today and the development of next generation leaders. As we analyzed the role of leadership in this crisis we were faced with one major question: "Would better leadership have made a difference?" Our answer is unequivocal: "Yes!" We recognize that many people could argue it is unfair to criticize leaders whose decisions were based on their knowledge of the situation at the time and which only eventually, with the aid of 20/20 hindsight proved bad. We respect this view but we disagree with it. Some business and public sector leaders predicted better than others the bursting of the housing bubble and financial markets turmoil, positioned their organizations to avoid problems, and coped with them skillfully. Their organizations were not badly damaged by the crisis and some even prospered. Some governments and regulatory agencies' control and monitoring systems were superior to those in the U.S., the U.K., Ireland, Spain, Iceland and other countries that had to bail out their banks and other industries. Our evidence supports the conclusion that these companies, these agencies, these governments and these countries had better leadership. Good leadership mattered then and good leadership will matter in the future. We are presenting our conclusions about what good leadership involves in the form of a public statement of principles - a manifesto that addresses what good leaders do, who they are, and how they can be developed in organizations.
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Rezaie, Shogofa, Fedra Vanhuyse, Karin André, and Maryna Henrysson. Governing the circular economy: how urban policymakers can accelerate the agenda. Stockholm Environment Institute, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.027.

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We believe the climate crisis will be resolved in cities. Today, while cities occupy only 2% of the Earth's surface, 57% of the world's population lives in cities, and by 2050, it will jump to 68% (UN, 2018). Currently, cities consume over 75% of natural resources, accumulate 50% of the global waste and emit up to 80% of greenhouse gases (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2017). Cities generate 70% of the global gross domestic product and are significant drivers of economic growth (UN-Habitat III, 2016). At the same time, cities sit on the frontline of natural disasters such as floods, storms and droughts (De Sherbinin et al., 2007; Major et al., 2011; Rockström et al., 2021). One of the sustainability pathways to reduce the environmental consequences of the current extract-make-dispose model (or the "linear economy") is a circular economy (CE) model. A CE is defined as "an economic system that is based on business models which replace the 'end-of-life' concept with reducing, alternatively reusing, recycling and recovering materials in production/distribution and consumption processes" (Kirchherr et al., 2017, p. 224). By redesigning production processes and thereby extending the lifespan of goods and materials, researchers suggest that CE approaches reduce waste and increase employment and resource security while sustaining business competitiveness (Korhonen et al., 2018; Niskanen et al., 2020; Stahel, 2012; Winans et al., 2017). Organizations such as the Ellen MacArthur Foundation and Circle Economy help steer businesses toward CE strategies. The CE is also a political priority in countries and municipalities globally. For instance, the CE Action Plan, launched by the European Commission in 2015 and reconfirmed in 2020, is a central pillar of the European Green Deal (European Commission, 2015, 2020). Additionally, more governments are implementing national CE strategies in China (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2018), Colombia (Government of the Republic of Colombia, 2019), Finland (Sitra, 2016), Sweden (Government Offices of Sweden, 2020) and the US (Metabolic, 2018, 2019), to name a few. Meanwhile, more cities worldwide are adopting CE models to achieve more resource-efficient urban management systems, thereby advancing their environmental ambitions (Petit-Boix & Leipold, 2018; Turcu & Gillie, 2020; Vanhuyse, Haddaway, et al., 2021). Cities with CE ambitions include, Amsterdam, Barcelona, Paris, Toronto, Peterborough (England) and Umeå (Sweden) (OECD, 2020a). In Europe, over 60 cities signed the European Circular Cities Declaration (2020) to harmonize the transition towards a CE in the region. In this policy brief, we provide insights into common challenges local governments face in implementing their CE plans and suggest recommendations for overcoming these. It aims to answer the question: How can the CE agenda be governed in cities? It is based on the results of the Urban Circularity Assessment Framework (UCAF) project, building on findings from 25 interviews, focus group discussions and workshops held with different stakeholder groups in Umeå, as well as research on Stockholm's urban circularity potential, including findings from 11 expert interviews (Rezaie, 2021). Our findings were complemented by the Circular Economy Lab project (Rezaie et al., 2022) and experiences from working with municipal governments in Sweden, Belgium, France and the UK, on CE and environmental and social sustainability.
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7

Reynolds, Christian, Susan Moore, Philipa Denton, Ross Jones, Cicely Abdy Collins, Charlotte Droulers, Libby Oakden, et al. A rapid evidence assessment of UK citizen and industry understandings of sustainability. Food Standards Agency, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ihr753.

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The main research question addressed is: What does sustainability mean to UK citizens when it comes to food and diet? The report addresses the following secondary questions: How does the UK academic literature define sustainability, ‘sustainable food’ and ‘sustainable diet’? How do citizens’ perceptions compare to the academic definition? What does sustainability mean to industry when it comes to food and diet? A number of sub-questions and themes were explored to answer the main research question, such as understanding and importance of sustainability and its impact on food choices, trade-offs, drivers and barriers to sustainable food choices and differences across demographic groups
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Corscadden, Louise, and Anjali Singh. Metabolism And Measurable Metabolic Parameters. ConductScience, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55157/me20221213.

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Metabolism is the sum of chemical reactions involved in sustaining the life of organisms.[1] It constantly provides your body with the energy to perform essential functions. The process is categorized into two groups:[2] Catabolism: It’s the process of breaking down molecules to obtain energy. For example, converting glucose to pyruvate by cellular respiration. Anabolism: It’s the process of synthesis of compounds required to run the metabolic process of the organisms. For example, carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.[2] Metabolism is affected by a range of factors, such as age, sex, muscle mass, body size, and physical activity affect metabolism or BMR (the basal metabolic rate). By definition, BMR is the minimum amount of calories your body requires to function at rest.[2] Now, you have a rough idea about the concept. But, you might wonder why you need to study it. What and how metabolic parameters are measured to determine the metabolism of the organism? Find the answer to all these questions in this article.
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Plumhans, Laure-Anne, Elke Dall, and Klaus Schuch. Study on Austrian actors, networks and activities in the field of science diplomacy. Bringing Austrian science diplomacy to the next step: Challenges, state of play and recommendations. ZSI - Centre for Social Innovation, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2021.527.

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This study examines science diplomacy in Austria. ZSI was commissioned by the BMBWF between February and September 2021 to research how science diplomacy is currently understood and implemented and how the concept can be better anchored and promoted in Austria. Using literature and desktop research, an online survey, interviews and a focus group, this report answers the following key questions: how does the Austrian science diplomacy ecosystem looks like, who are its actors, what are the challenges and how could they be addressed? The complex task of presenting the current practical implementation of science diplomacy was carried out in this study in a survey that includes more than 150 actors and ranks them according to their importance in the system. Interviews with representatives of these organizations revealed that the term is well known. The actors note that they are already carrying out activities in the direction, and are also interested in intensifying this. However, there are concerns about using the term without a specific context. Accordingly, the concept is often not explicitly mentioned in institutional presentations and activities, and practices are often in other contexts. Furthermore, actors in the system are of course aware of each other, but there is no exchange on the topic of science diplomacy in particular. The corresponding (explicit) competencies and financial resources are lacking. This study also includes case studies that look at other countries' approaches: Perspectives from Japan, Finland, and Switzerland on science diplomacy are described. These and outstanding practices from other countries, as well as interviews and findings from a focus group with Austrian stakeholders, inspire five recommendations that conclude the report.
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Hogan, Michael, and Michael Gallaher. Quantitative Indicators for Country-Level Innovation Ecosystems. RTI Press, May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.op.0051.1805.

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Innovation has been shown to be a key factor in determining a country’s competitiveness and economic growth potential. Through investments in education and research and development, many developing countries have tried to avoid the “middle income trap” of stagnation by working to create high-value employment opportunities. To better understand country-level readiness to innovate, we have compiled a set of publicly available data indicators and created a data tool to illustrate innovation capabilities and infrastructure by country. Our approach builds on and advances existing national innovation metrics by constructing transparent, publicly sourced indicators that emphasize changes over time and interrelationships between different indicators, as opposed to creating simple indices across groups of indicators. This occasional paper is targeted to an applied audience, explaining the methods used to assemble the data, an overview of the indicators, practical applications of the data, summary statistics, and data limitations. The data are not intended to be a tool for providing answers about innovation, but rather a starting point for future work including market landscaping, country-level diagnostics, and qualitative protocols for research.
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