Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'ANP'

Thesis applies methods of ANP in brewing industry. It concentrates on Czech beer market and small local brewery in Policka. Main goal of the thesis is to apply the methods in real life problems from the chosen segment. Work consists of several chapters. First chapter defines the goals of the thesis and describes situation in Policka brewery. Second deals with theory around ANP processes. Third chapter is the main part of the thesis. It applies the theory by solving concrete problems. Last chapter analyzes the results.

El material proporciona conceptos básicos sobre la gestión de las áreas naturales protegidas por el Estado y la importancia de la conservación de la biodiversidad en ellas para el aprovechamiento sostenible, de tal manera que la actividad turística, involucrada con la conservación del patrimonio natural y cultural, se constituya en una herramienta clave para el adecuado manejo de las áreas protegidas

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O Poder Normativo das Agências Reguladoras trata-se de um tema relevante quando em confronto com o Princípio da Legalidade, uma vez que o primeiro deve pautar-se sob os estritos limites da Lei Maior, a qual conforme a pirâmide kelseniana fundamenta a norma de menor hierarquia proveniente daquela, devendo, portanto a norma regulamentadora apenas esmiuçar as disposições mais gerais do comando normativo superior. Em virtude da prática reiterada da Agência Nacional do Petróleo em transpor os limites legais no seu âmbito de atuação, vem a presente pesquisa através do método bibliográfico, analisar doutrinariamente as formas de se encontrar uma solução ao problema em foco, será utilizado ainda uma comparação dos sistemas jurídicos norte-americano, e europeu, a fim de importar soluções possíveis de implementação em nosso sistema, por meio do método de abordagem dedutivista, métodos procedimentais histórico e funcionalista em uma linha de pesquisa teórica e metodológica. Sendo assim, vislumbra-se encontrar a proposta de inibir a atuação desregrada da ANP criada para agir autonomamente e não ilegal e arbitrariamente.

Atrionatriuretisches Peptid (ANP) moduliert die Barrierenfunktion in endothelialen Monolayers; jedoch sind die Mechanismen noch unklar. Wir überprüften die Hypothese, inwiefern die ANP-Wirkung auf die Permeabilität (P) abhängig ist von einem veränderlichen Gleichgewicht der Nukleotide cyclic GMP (cGMP) und cyclic AMP (cAMP), und hierbei der C-ANP-Rezeptor ein funktionelle Bedeutung aufweist. Die ANP-Wirkung wurde hierbei in koronaren (CEC) and aortalen Endothelzellen (AEC) im Vergleich untersucht. Die endotheliale Makromolekülpermeabilität (P) wurde aus dem Übertritt von Trypanblaugelabelten Albumin über das Monolayer ermittelt. Wir erfassten neben der Permeabilität den zellulären Gehalt von cGMP und cAMP, mit und ohne Pertussitoxin (PT), mit dem Proteinkinase G -Inhibitor KT 5823 und mit beiden Substanzen in Kombination. Dann wiederholten wir die gesamte Versuchsserie mit dem ANP-Derivat C-ANP, das selektiv nur an den C-ANP-Rezeptor bindet. Ergebnisse: In CEC verursachte ANP (100nM) eine Abnahme der P (48%+/-7%, mean +/- SD, N=6, p
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) improves the barrier function in primary cultures of endothelial monolayers; however, the mechanism is unclear. We tested the hypothesis that the ANP-induced alteration in endothelial permeability is related to an altered balance between cyclic GMP (cGMP) and cyclic AMP (cAMP) via functional involvement of the C-ANP-receptor in coronary endothelial (CEC) and aortic endothelial (AEC) cells. Endothelial macromolecule permeability (P) was determined by passage of trypan-blue-labeled albumin across rat coronary and porc aortic endothelial monolayers. We measured permeability, as well as cGMP and cAMP, with or without pertussis toxin (PT), the protein kinase G inhibitor KT 5823, and both in combination. Next, we repeated this entire series, giving the truncated ANP-derivate C-ANP, which binds only to the C-ANP-receptor. We found: In CEC ANP (100nM) caused a decrease in P (48%+/-7%, mean +/- SD, N=6, p

En México hay un total de 176 ANP registradas y bajo el control de la Comisión Natural de Áreas Naturales Protegidas, CONANP.
El manejo de áreas naturales (ANP), se ha priorizado en muchos países como estrategia de protección ambiental y para la biodiversidad, además de que se han instaurado actividades enfocadas para aprovechar el potencial recreativo.

Nowadays, every company has to make decisions in order to carry out their work, but most of the time these decisions are based on subjective feelings and can have a positive or negative impact on the revenue of these companies, and many doubts could come out as of why certain decisions were made. For this, we want to test if the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Analytical Network Process (ANP) can help to prioritize the decisions in a more straightforward way (according to their importance) in order to increase the transparency of the decisions that are made. AHP is a decision-making approach that achieves pairwise comparisons among criteria (or decisions, in the context of this research), and ANP is another approach used for measuring tangible and intangible factors in a multi-criteria decision analysis. However, since there was no dependency amongst any decisions or priorities ranked by the participants, we limited our case study to AHP only. The purpose of adding ANP to the research was to study both the methods simultaneously and understand the concepts thoroughly.Our research was focused on a company named Sinch Sweden AB, in which we observed the context of decision-making and tested the short-term effects of AHP in one team as part of a case study.After several questionnaires, interviews and our case study, we concluded that, with the help of AHP/ANP, the participants could have a better understanding of the importance of some decisions against others, notice inconsistencies in their judgements and we could also observe an increase in transparency.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
The issue of sustainability, which is an increasingly important consideration in the day-to-day operations of businesses, needs to be addressed in the context of supplier selection. The use of multi-criteria approaches in decisions concerning the selection of sustainable suppliers can be a valuable approach for helping to resolve the complexity of this process. A systematic review of the literature highlighted gaps in the research in this area, such as the lack of a detailed description of multi-criteria methods, as well as a scarcity of sustainability criteria that take into account the three main perspectives (Economic, Environmental, and Social). This work describes the development and real case application of a DEMATEL (Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) and ANP (Analytic Network Process) fuzzy modeling technique for the selection of sustainable suppliers. The methodological approach used in the research was quantitative, descriptive, and empirical. The modeling and simulations were performed using MATLAB®. Incorporation of the specificities of the process of selection of sustainable suppliers makes the model a useful tool for use by both businesses and researchers concerned with the issue of sustainability. A systematic review of the published research highlights the main state-of-art methods and criteria used for the selection of green and sustainable suppliers. The model is described in a framework highlighting each step of the application. It was subsequently applied by a major glass packaging company, where the supply chain coordinator agreed to assist in the research. The outputs of the second phase of the model showed that the Economic cluster was most important and interacted with the Environmental cluster, while the Social cluster remained practically inert, without interactions with the other clusters. For the three perspectives, the three most influential criteria were as follows: cost, compliance, and quality (Economic perspective); environmental certifications/ISO 14001, reuse/recovery, and pollution control (Environmental perspective); and stakeholder rights, respect for policies, and encouragement of the development of self-sustainable recycling programs (Social perspective). Finally, a supplier was selected using the framework presented, and the criteria that most influenced the decision were highlighted. The procedure developed here offers a tool to assist businesses searching for sustainable solutions, as well as researchers in the scientific community concerned with the development of knowledge in this area.
A temática sustentável, cada vez mais presente e atuante no cotidiano das operações das empresas precisa ser tratada no contexto da seleção de fornecedores. Aplicar abordagens de decisão multicritério para a seleção de fornecedores sustentáveis demonstra ser uma alternativa interessante a fim de lidar com a natureza complexa deste processo. Por meio de uma revisão sistemática da literatura foi possível destacar algumas lacunas de pesquisa, como a falta de uma visão detalhada dos métodos multicritérios e uma escassa abordagem de critérios sustentáveis, abordando as três perspectivas (Econômica, Ambiental e Social). Desta forma, o objetivo central da pesquisa é detalhar e aplicar em um caso real a modelagem fuzzy DEMATEL (Decision-making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) e fuzzy ANP (Analytic Network Process) para a seleção de fornecedores sustentáveis. A abordagem metodológica empregada na pesquisa é quantitativa descritiva empírica, com aplicação de modelagem e simulação em MATLAB ®. Espera-se que o modelo possa internalizar as especificidades do processo de seleção de fornecedores sustentáveis de modo a tornar-se uma ferramenta útil às empresas e aos pesquisadores que estudam o método. A revisão sistemática da pesquisa pode destacar os principais métodos na literatura e os principais critérios utilizados pela seleção de fornecedores verdes e sustentáveis no estado da arte. O modelo foi detalhado em um framework, destacando-se cada passo da aplicação. Posteriormente foi aplicado em uma empresa de grande porte de embalagens vítreas, onde a coordenadora de Supply Chain se dispôs a auxiliar na pesquisa. Como saídas da segunda fase do modelo, o cluster Econômico revelou ser o mais importante e exerce influência sob o cluster Ambiental, já o cluster Social permanece praticamente inerte sem exercer ou receber influência. Também pode-se destacar que os três critérios mais influentes de cada perspectiva foram: ‘Custo’, ‘Compliance’ e ‘Qualidade’ na perspectiva Econômica; ‘Certificações Ambientais / ISO 14001’, Reuso / Recuperação e ‘Controle da Poluição’ na perspectiva Ambiental; e ‘Direitos dos Stakeholders’, ‘Respeito pelas políticas’ e ‘Incentivo ao desenvolvimento de programas de reciclagem auto-sustentáveis’ na perspectiva Social. Ao final, um fornecedor é escolhido com o framework apresentado, e os critérios mais influentes na decisão foram destacados. Esta discussão é válida para auxiliar empresas em busca de soluções sustentáveis e pesquisadores na área que desenvolvem o conhecimento para a comunidade científica.

[EN] Abstract The construction of railway infrastructure networks requires heavy investment, long planning and execution times and extended life cycles. An important family of projects in Railway Engineering are the Maintenance, Renewal and Improvement (MR&I) projects. They are critical to maintaining railway infrastructures in good condition and to adapt them to environmental changes and new operating conditions and needs. MR&I action plans have a great impact in the short term because they affect the performance of operating facilities A critical issue for public infrastructure managers and planners is the effective allocation of the scarce resources available for maintenance and repair of railway infrastructures. Obsolescence and lack of adequate maintenance and repair of the railway network affect productivity and lead to increased costs over time. Every year the Manager of a rail network area is faced with different MR&I needs. This involves different projects to be executed with different levels of urgency, different levels of investment and different improvement measures and action plans on the railway network. Therefore, the Manager has a portfolio of MR&I projects and a limited budget. The main problem that the manager faces is setting priorities among the projects to decide which ones will be executed first. It is a complex problem due to the number of different projects and criteria to be considered. Classical approaches are based upon the Cost Benefit analysis (CBA) but there are great uncertainties and variations between the economic values used in different models and the results are heavily dependent on the specific methodology adopted. Methods based upon Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) allow mixing quantitative and qualitative criteria, aggregate multiple experts evaluations and, in general, obtain more robust project rankings than CBA. There is little evidence in the scientific literature of the use of MCDA to similar cases. Research conducted in this thesis studies the decision-making process to choose MR&I projects in a railway network. Technicians and managers are given a methodological tool to help them establish a priority between all the projects in the MR&I portfolio. The problem is addressed as a Multi criteria decision making (MCDM) problem in which thee different ANP models have been used, comparing the results obtained with all of them: Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP), Analytic Network Process with subnetworks for Benefits and Costs (ANP-BC) and the Analytic Network Process with subnetworks for Costs, Benefits, Opportunities and Risks (ANP-BOCR) The main contributions of this works are: - Deep analysis of the decision criteria. - Design of a procedure for evaluating many different alternative projects. - A decision making process which is both systematic and strict has been obtained. It can be generalized to other areas of the railway infrastructure management company. Thanks to the results the budget can be used in the best-valued projects according to the criteria established by the decision maker. The priorization is then obtained in a transparent and documented way.
[ES] Resumen La construcción de infraestructuras ferroviarias requiere de grandes inversiones, largos plazos de planificación y ejecución y los ciclos de vida totales son muy largos también. Dentro de los proyectos que se realizan en este tipo de infraestructuras, una parte muy importante son las actuaciones sobre líneas en servicio, que se denominan actuaciones de mantenimiento, rehabilitación y mejora (MR&I por sus siglas en ingles de Maintenance, Renewal and Improvement). Las actuaciones de MR&I tienen un gran efecto a corto plazo al afectar al rendimiento de instalaciones que ya están en servicio en el momento de la actuación . La asignación eficaz de los escasos recursos disponibles para MR&I por parte de los gestores de infraestructuras es clave para mantener y mejorar el desempeño general de la red. Cada año el gestor de una zona de la red se enfrenta a diferentes necesidades de mantenimiento, rehabilitación y mejora de la red, por tanto, tiene conjunto muy grande de proyectos de MR&I y un presupuesto limitado para ejecutarlos. El problema que se plantea es seleccionar qué proyectos tienen prioridad a la hora de su ejecución y qué criterios ha de considerar para establecer esa prioridad. Es un problema complejo debido al amplio número de proyectos posibles y de criterios a considerar. Los métodos clásicos más utilizados se basan en el enfoque de análisis coste-beneficio, pero existen grandes variaciones e incertidumbres a la hora de obtener los valores económicos y los resultados del análisis dependen mucho de la metodología específica adoptada. Los métodos basados en el Análisis Multicriterio de Decisiones (Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis MCDA) permitan integrar valoraciones cuantitativas y cualitativas, agregar las preferencias de varios expertos y, en general, obtener ordenaciones de proyectos más robustas que el CBA. No existe apenas evidencia de la aplicación de MCDA al problema planteado en la literatura científica. La investigación presentada en esta tesis estudia el proceso de toma de decisiones para la selección de proyectos de MR&I en una red ferroviaria. Se dota a los técnicos responsables y a los gestores del mantenimiento de los administradores ferroviarios de una herramienta metodológica que les ayude a establecer una prioridad entre la cartera de proyectos de MR&I. El problema se afronta como una toma de decisión multicriterio (MCDM) en la que se han utilizado tres modelos del método ANP, comparando los resultados entre sí: el modelo jerárquico basado en el Proceso Analítico Jerárquico (AHP) , el proceso analítico en red con una subred de costes y otra de beneficios (ANP-BC) y el proceso analítico en red con cuatro subredes: beneficios, oportunidades, costes y riesgos (ANP-BOCR). Las principales contribuciones de este trabajo son: - El profundo análisis realizado sobre los criterios de decisión. - Se ha diseñado un procedimiento para evaluar un conjunto muy numeroso de actuaciones alternativas. - Se ha obtenido un proceso de toma de decisiones riguroso y sistemático que se puede generalizar para otras zonas de gestión de la Compañía Gestora de las Infraestructuras ferroviarias El resultado permite utilizar el presupuesto en los proyectos mejor valorados de acuerdo a los criterios establecidos por el decisor. Obteniéndose la priorización de forma transparente y documentada.
[CAT] Resum La construcció d'infraestructures ferroviàries requereix de grans inversions, llargs terminis de planificació i execució i els cicles de vida totals són molt llargs també. Dins dels projectes que es realitzen en aquest tipus d'infraestructures, una part molt important són les actuacions sobre línies en servei, que es denominen actuacions de manteniment, rehabilitació i millora (MR&I per les seues sigles en angles de Maintenance, Renewal and Improvement). Les actuacions de MR&I tenen un gran efecte a curt termini en afectar al rendiment d'instal·lacions que ja estan en servei en el moment de l'actuació . L'assignació eficaç dels escassos recursos disponibles per a MR&I per part dels gestors d'infraestructures és clau per a mantenir i millorar l'acompliment general de la xarxa. Cada any el gestor d'una zona de la xarxa s'enfronta a diferents necessitats de manteniment, rehabilitació i millora de la xarxa, per tant, té un conjunt molt gran de projectes de MR&I i un pressupost limitat per a executar-los. El problema que es planteja és seleccionar quins projectes tenen prioritat a l'hora de la seua execució i quins criteris ha de considerar per a establir aqueixa prioritat. És un problema complex a causa de l'ampli nombre de projectes possibles i de criteris a considerar. Els mètodes clàssics més utilitzats es basen en l'enfocament d'anàlisi cost-beneficie, però existeixen grans variacions i incerteses a l'hora d'obtenir els valors econòmics i els resultats de l'anàlisi depenen molt de la metodologia específica adoptada. Els mètodes basats en l'Anàlisi Multicriteri de Decisions (Multiple Criteria Decision Analysis MCDA) permeten integrar valoracions quantitatives i qualitatives, agregar les preferències de diversos experts i, en general, obtenir ordenacions de projectes més robustes que el CBA. No existeix apenes evidencia de l'aplicació de *MCDA al problema plantejat en la literatura científica. La recerca presentada en aquesta tesi estudia el procés de presa de decisions per a la selecció de projectes de MR&I en una xarxa ferroviària. Es dota als tècnics responsables i als gestors del manteniment dels administradors ferroviaris d'una eina metodològica que els ajude a establir una prioritat entre la cartera de projectes de MR&I. El problema s'afronta com una presa de decisió multicriteri (MCDM) en la qual s'han utilitzat tres models del mètode ANP, comparant els resultats entre si: el model jeràrquic basat en el Procés Analític Jeràrquic (AHP) , el procés analític en xarxa amb una subxarxa de costos i una altra de beneficis (ANP-BC), i el procés analític en xarxa amb quatre subxarxes: beneficis, oportunitats, costos i riscos (ANP-BOCR). Les principals contribucions d'aquest treball són: - La profunda anàlisi realitzada sobre els criteris de decisió. - S'ha dissenyat un procediment per a avaluar un conjunt molt nombrós d'actuacions alternatives. - S'ha obtingut un procés de presa de decisions rigorós i sistemàtic que es pot generalitzar per a altres zones de gestió de la Companyia Gestora de les Infraestructures ferroviàries El resultat permet utilitzar el pressupost en els projectes millor valorats d'acord als criteris establits pel decisor. Obtenint-se la priorització de forma transparent i documentada.
Montesinos Valera, J. (2015). Aplicación de las técnicas AHP, ANP-BC y ANP-BOCR de análisis multicriterio de decisiones a la selección de carteras de proyectos de mantenimiento, rehabilitación y mejora en infraestructuras ferroviarias [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/56821
TESIS

Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica - Economia Agrária - Instituto Superior de Agronomia - UL
Com o objetivo de estudar a evolução económica da pera Rocha em Portugal nos últimos 10 anos, fez-se um acompanhamento das características mais importantes desta cultura. Para a realização deste estudo e foi necessário a participação da Associação Nacional de Produtores de pera Rocha (ANP), esta que representa 82% da produção total e 95% do total de exportação de pera Rocha. Atualmente Portugal conta com uma área de produção superior a 12 000 hectares com uma produção média dos últimos anos de 195 225 toneladas de pera Rocha. Neste estudo foi possível apurar a evolução de alguns dados económicos importantes para o sector como a produção nacional, calibres, existências, exportação, assim como foi possível fazer um estudo aprofundado sobre o mercado e as suas dificuldades. Foram caracterizados os custos de produção e os preços de mercado aos produtos, e ainda foi efetuado um inquérito às 24 empresas associadas da ANP de onde foi possível retirar alguns dados importantes como o número de produtores, número de pessoas empregadas no sector, capacidade de armazenamento em frio, produtividade, entre outros dados

En la mayoría de los países las p olíticas de conservación están enfocadas a conservar y proteger los diferentes ecosistemas, es por esta razón que han optado por la creación de áreas protegidas como la mejor manera de conservar ecosistemas (Aguilar, 2002) lo cual se ve reflejado en las ap roximadamente 10,000 áreas protegidas que existen alrededor del mundo de acuerdo con la Comisión de Parques y Áreas Naturales de la UICN , la expansión de ANP en todo el mundo ha representado un gran avance en materia de conservación para los países, tal es el caso de los países de Sudamérica, por ejemplo, los sistemas de áreas protegida s cub ren una superficie mayor al millón de kilómetros cuadrados, lo cual representa más del 6% del área territorial, por su parte en Centroamérica, las áreas protegidas actua lmente declaradas representan el 25% del territorio de la región (129.640 km 2 ) (UICN, 2003).
En la actualidad son evidentes los problemas ambientales que se presentan a nivel mundial tanto como local , estos originados por diversos factores entre los que sobresa len el crecimiento demográfico y las actividad es que desarrolla la población , las cuales ocasiona n que se presente un deterioro desmedido sobre los recursos naturales presentes en l a Tierra. Si bien es cierto que la problemática ambiental ha aumentado desde el ini cio de la Revolución Industrial, también es importante mencionar que las iniciativas para contrarrestar los efectos negativos que se pres entan sobre el medio ambiente a causa de la intervención humana , también lo han hecho, tal es el caso de las iniciativas en favor de la conservación de los recursos naturales, nos referimos a la creaci ón de Á reas N aturales P rotegidas (ANP), definidas por la U nión Internacional para la C onservación de la N aturaleza (UICN) en 1994 como: "Una superficie de tierra o mar especialmente dedicada a la protección y mantenimiento de la diversidad biológica y de recursos naturales y culturales asociados; manejada a través de medios legales, o de otros medios efectivos " (UICN, 2003) las cuales marcan el inicio de un moderno conservacionismo ambiental que se presentó a fines del siglo XIX (Melo, 2003), con la creación de l primer ANP en Estados Unidos de América , el “Parque Nacional Yellowstone” en 1 872 , fue visto como un mecanismo para garantizar el rescate y salvaguardar las maravillas naturales del lugar y así buscar el uso y disfruté público , es de esta manera que comienza n a popularizarse las ANP a nivel mundial

2001 störtades ett antal flygplan in i World Trade Center och Pentagon i USA, detta genomfördes av organisationen al-Qaeda med Usama Bin Laden som ledare. Påföljden av detta blev att USA inledde sitt krig mot terrorismen. Skådeplatsen för detta blev Afghanistan som sedan tidigare har varit krigshärjat av Sovjet på 80-talet. 2003 vann DynCorp sitt första kontrakt kopplat till Afghan NationalPolice, detta innebar att de ansvarade för att utbilda poliser som skulle arbeta på lägre nivåer. Då Tyskland ansvarade för utbildning av poliser på nivåerna commissioned och non-commissioned. Frågeställningen som är kopplad till denna uppsats är huruvida DynCorps aktivitet haft någon påtaglig effekt på upprorsbekämpningen som bedrivs genom Operation Enduring Freedom? Författarens slutsatser pekar på ett antal faktorer som DynCorp kan ha haft viss medverkan i, och härleder dessa till teorin kring begreppet Counter Insurgency. Dock kan författaren inte utan tvekan påvisa att det finns direkta och tydliga kopplingar till DynCorp i de avseenden då Operation Enduring Freedom har blivit lidande av hur poliserna i Afghan National Police har agerat.

2001 the World Trade Centers were destroyed and Pentagon was damaged when a number of airplanes where deliberately crashed in to these buildings, this was carried out by the Al-Qaeda with Osama Bin Laden as their leader. The consequence of this was that the U.S. launched its war on terror. The already war torn country of Afghanistan became the target for the U.S. invasion. In 2003 DynCorp won its first contract linked to the Afghan National Police, this meant that they were responsible for training police officers who would work at lower levels. Since Germany was responsible for the training of police officers at the levels of Commissioned and Non-Commissioned. Questions which are linked to this essay are whether DynCorp’s activity had any effect on the insurgency fighting conducted throughout Operation Enduring Freedom? The author's findings point to a number of factors that DynCorp may have had some involvement, and derive them to the theory around the concept COIN. However, the author can not clearly demonstrate that there is direct and clear links to DynCorp, in the ways in which Operation Enduring Freedom has suffered from the actions taken from policemen in the Afghan National Police.

Einleitung: Vorliegende empirische Daten verdeutlichen, dass in der Fachwelt zwar weites gehend Einigkeit über die Wirkung des Mediums Wasser auf den Organismus in Ruhe (metabolisch und endokrin) besteht, aber differente Aussagen bei Immersion und Bewegung (hämodynamisch, metabolisch und endokrin) getroffen werden. Wie unterscheidet sich die physische Beanspruchung an Land und im Wasser? Gelten die allgemeingültigen Empfehlungen an Land zur Steuerung erwünschter Trainings- bzw. Belastungseffekte auch für aquale Bewegungs- und Trainingsformen? Ergebnisse und Diskussion: Die Herzfrequenz, der systolische Blutdruck und der Sauerstoffverbrauch waren in Ruhe (baseline) an der anaeroben Schwelle und während der Ausbelastung auf dem Land und im Wasser ähnlich. Der Respiratorische Quotient wurde gering reduziert, als die Probanden im Wasser trainierten. Die Glukose- und Laktatkonzentration wurden vermindert, wohingegen die freie Fettsäurekonzentration mit der Belastung im Wasser erhöht wurde. Wasserimmersion senkte die Adrenalin- und Noradrenalinkonzentration und erhöhte die vermehrte ANP-Produktion während der Belastung. Belastungsinduzierte Anstiege endokriner Parameter (Adrenalin und Noradrenalin) sind im Wasser geringer ausgeprägt als an Land. Hinsichtlich der Stoffwechselregulation konnte beobachtet werden, dass ANP eine Rolle bei der Regulation des Fettstoffwechsels spielt. Die Ergebnisse lassen vermuten, dass Belastungen im Wasser vor allem eine spezifische humorale und metabolische Antwort des Organismus entlocken. Belastungsinduzierte Anstiege endokriner Parameter (Katecholamine) im Wasser sind geringer ausgeprägt als an Land. Immersions- und Belastungseffekte scheinen teilweise konträre Reize zu sein. Es sind daher weiterhin experimentelle Untersuchungen notwendig, um die Regulationsmechanismen des Organismus zur Kompensation eines erhöhten venösen Rückstroms bei Immersion ohne und vor allem mit Bewegung zu klären. Auf Grund der geringen Unterschiede in der hämodynamischen Reaktion des Körpers bei vergleichbarer körperlicher Belastung Land vs. Wasser kann sich an den allgemeingültigen Empfehlungen an Land zur Steuerung erwünschter Trainings-bzw. Belastungseffekte auch für aquale Bewegungs- und Trainingsformen orientiert werden.
Introduction: The empirical data we have shows clearly that that there may be a large area of agreement among professionals on the effect of water as a medium on the organism at rest (metabolic and endocrinal), but different conclusions have been drawn about immersion and exercise (hemodynamic, metabolic and endocrinal). How does physical stress differ on dry land and in the water? Do the general recommendations on land apply to control of desired training or stress effects as well as for aquatic types of exercise and training? Results and discussion: The heart rate, systolic blood pressure and uptake of oxygen at rest (baseline) were similar at the anaerobic threshold and during a workout on land and in the water. The respiratory quotient was slightly reduced when the test subjects were training in the water. Their glucose and lactate concentration was lowered, whereas the free fatty acid concentration was raised during physical workload in the water. Water immersion lowered adrenalin and noradrenalin concentration and raised the increased production of ANP during workload. Load-induced increases in endocrinal parameters (adrenalin and noradrenalin) are less marked in water than on land. When it comes to regulating the metabolism, it was possible to observe that ANP plays a role in regulating lipid metabolism. The results suggest that workloads in water elicit especially a specific humoral and metabolic response from the organism. Load-induced increases of endocrinal parameters (catecholamines) in water are less marked than on land. Immersion and load effects appear to be partly contrary stimuli. For this reason, further experimental tests are required in order to clarify the organism’s regulatory mechanisms to compensate for increased venous back current when immersed without and especially with exercise. Because of the slight differences in the body’s hemodynamic response at comparable physical loads on land versus water, the generally accepted recommendations to control the desired training and physical workload effects on land can be used as the basis for aquatic types of exercise and training as well.

Rädslan för att bli utsatt för ett brott och därmed bygga upp en otrygghetskänsla kan hämma människor att välja en specifik väg eller att vistas på speciella platser. Gävle kommun arbetar kontinuerligt för att skapa en trygg och säker miljö för invånarna där den upplevda tryggheten är lika viktig som den faktiska. Eftersom trygghet är något som påverkar alla i samhället applicerades denna studie på en GIS-baserad multikriterieanalys (MKA) på tryggaste vägvalet för gång- och cykeltrafikanter i Gävle kommun. Analysteknikerna analytisk hierarkisk process (AHP) och analytisk nätverksprocess (ANP) tillämpades för att utvärdera hur respektive teknik påverkade resultatet i en MKA. Målet med studien var att analysera skillnaderna mellan AHP och ANP samt hur de påverkar resultatet, identifiera hur kriterier och vikt styr trygghetsanalysen samt formulera förslag på andra appliceringsområden. För att erhålla lokal kännedom om samt rangordning av relevanta kriterier, ur trygghetsperspektiv vid samhällsplanering, utfördes intervjuer med en trafikplanerare, en landskapsarkitekt samt en översiktsplanerare vid Gävle kommun. Kartlagren som användes erhölls från Gävle kommun, Lantmäteriet samt Gävle Energi. Programvaror för databearbetning och analys var ArcGIS, ERDAS Imagine samt SuperDecisions.  Analysresultatet visade att de tryggaste områdena är Esplanaden i centrala Gävle, norra delen av stadsdelen Sätra samt Hille i norra Gävle. Platsbesöket gav en stark bild av att villaområden kändes tryggast utifrån gång- och cykeltrafikanters behov. De primära kriterierna att vara nära belysning, ha fri sikt, att det är människor i rörelse (relaterat till byggnader och busshållplatser) samt att vara långt ifrån tunnlar uppfylldes i olika villaområden runtom i Gävle. Fördelen med AHP var att den är enkel att bygga upp och kan tydligt visualisera hur olika parametrar påverkar varandra i en hierarkisk struktur. ANP däremot var något mer avancerad även i ett enkelt nätverk, men påverkades inte av den som utförde de parvisa jämförelserna på samma sätt som i AHP, eftersom det är svårare att förutse vilken rangordning de olika kriterierna tilldelas när klustren har inre och yttre beroende samt återkoppling till varandra.
The fear of being a victim of a crime can hamper people to choose a specific path or to reside in specific locations, and thus build up a sense of insecurity. Gävle kommun have a continuously work to create a safe and secure environment for residents, where the perceived safety is as important as the actual. Because safety is something that affects all of society the study was applied on a GIS-based multi-criteria analysis (MCA) for the safest route selection for pedestrians and cyclists in Gävle. The analysis techniques analytical hierarchical process (AHP) and analytic network process (ANP) was applied to evaluate how each technology affected the result in MCA. The aim of the study was to analyze the differences between the techniques and how they affect the results, identify the criteria and how weight control safety analysis, and formulate suggestions for other application areas. To obtain local knowledge and ranking of relevant criteria interviews with a traffic planner, a landscape architect and an overview planner at Gävle kommun was conducted. Software for data processing and analysis was ArcGIS, ERDAS Imagine and SuperDecisions. After analyzing the results a site visit were performed. The site visit gave indications of the residential areas as safe due to the needs of a pedestrian or cyclist. The primary criteria are to be close to lighting, have a clear view, that there are people in motion (related to buildings and bus stops) and to be far from tunnels met in residential areas in different parts of Gävle. One advantage with the AHP was the simplicity of the hierarchical structure and the easy way of demonstrating the results. ANP on the other hand was more complex due to the network model. The pairwise comparisons did not get as much influence from the decision maker as in the AHP.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Este trabalho tem como objetivo sugerir melhorias no processo de implementação da A3P (Agenda Ambiental para Administração Pública). A proposta é analisar o seu composto, verificando-se, em sua adesão por Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES), se há alguma diferença nas contribuições das ações, sugeridas em seus Eixos e Variáveis, na promoção às práticas mais sustentáveis. Para responder a essa questão, adotou-se um framework que definiu etapas de condução dos trabalhos e desenvolvimento de pesquisa junto à Instituições de Ensino, campo da pesquisa. Realizou-se a revisão de literatura para indicar obtenção das publicações sobre o tema sustentabilidade e as suas métricas na Educação Superior bem como a caracterização da A3P. Através de um levantamento de campo buscou-se parâmetros definidos por especialistas no assunto, que ajustou o formato do Modelo de Referência da ferramenta ANP (Analytical Network Process), utilizada para tratar os dados coletados e chegar às conclusões, utilizando-se o software SUPERDECISION, específico para estudos de multicritério para modelagem do problema. Na consulta às IES que já adotaram a A3P, por meio de um instrumento de coleta de dados padronizado pelo formato ANP, os dados, à partir do software, foram analisados pelo modelo matemático proposto pela ferramenta. Como resultados, escalas numéricas para Eixos e Variáveis posicionam os mesmos entre si, definindo diferentes pesos para suas contribuições relativas às práticas mais sustentáveis com a adesão à Agenda. Como contribuição, foi sugerida melhoria no processo de implementação da A3P, definindo etapas para adesão em consonância com os resultados deste trabalho, através de um framework e um check-list de conduta.
This paper aims to suggest improvements in the implementation process of A3P (Environmental Agenda for Public Administration). The proposal is to analyze your compound, checking up on its accession by Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), if there is any difference in the contributions of actions suggested in their axes and variables, to promote the most sustainable practices. To answer this question, we adopted a framework that defined driving stages of the work and research development with the education institutions, research field. We conducted a literature review to indicate obtaining publications on the subject of sustainability and its metrics in higher education as well as the characterization of A3P. Through a field survey sought to parameters defined by subject matter experts, who set the format of the ANP Tool Reference Model (Analytical Network Process), used to treat the collected data and reach conclusions using the SUPERDECISION software specific to multi-criteria studies for modeling the problem. In consultation with the HEIs that have adopted the A3P through an instrument of collecting standardized data by the ANP format, the data, from the software, were analyzed by the mathematical model proposed by the tool. As a result, numerical scales for axes and Variable position the same with each other by setting different weights for their relative contributions to more sustainable practices in the implementation of Agenda. As a contribution, it was suggested improvement in the implementation of A3P process, defining steps for membership in line with the results of this work through a framework and a checklist of conduct.
CNPq: 134375/2014-9

L'ANP est une hormone cardiaque libérée lors de l'insuffisance cardiaque. Les fibroblastes cardiaques, responsables de la synthèse des composants de la matrice extracellulaire (MEC), acquièrent dans les conditions pathologiques la capacité de se différencier en myofibroblastes, conduisant ainsi à une fibrose cardiaque. Les mécanismes de régulation impliquant l'ANP et ses récepteurs (NPR) restent peu connus et font l'objet de ce travail. Les fibroblastes ventriculaires ont été isolés à partir de coeurs de rats Wistar et mis en culture afin d'induire leur différenciation. Les cultures ont ensuite été soumises à différents traitements impliqués dans la voie ANP/NPR. L'ANP diminue le taux de prolifération, la migration cellulaire, et la sécrétion de collagène des myofibroblastes. Cet effet est mimé par le 8-Br-GMPc. L'analyse protéomique et génomique a permis de confirmer la présence des récepteurs natriurétiques A et B dans nos cellules. Par ailleurs, l'expression de dix isoformes de phosphodiestérases dans les myofibroblastes a été révélée par un criblage génomique. L'inhibition non sélective de ces phosphodiestérases provoque une diminution de la prolifération et de la sécrétion de collagène. Enfin, les concentrations intracellulaires de GMPc et d'AMPc ont été trouvées augmentées en présence de l'ANP. En parallèle, la caractérisation des courants ioniques présents sur les myofibroblastes a montré une absence des courants sodique rapide et potassique ATP-dépendant. Cette étude montre le rôle de la voie ANP/NPR/GMPc dans la modulation des propriétés fibroblastiques et illustre la complexité des processus de différenciation cellulaire au cours de la fibrogenèse cardiaque
ANP is a cardiac hormone released during heart failure and acts as a regulator of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Cardiac fibroblasts are responsible for the synthesis of ECM components and acquire under pathological conditions the capacity to differentiate into myofibroblasts, leading to cardiac fibrosis. Regulatory mechanisms involving ANP and its receptors (NPR) are poorly known and make the subject of our work. Ventricular fibroblasts were isolated from Wistar rat hearts and cultured to induce differentiation. The cultures were then subjected to various treatments involved in the ANP/NPR pathway. ANP decreases the proliferation rate, cell migration and collagen secretion. This effect was mimicked by 8-Br-cGMP. In addition, genomic and proteomic analysis confirmed the presence of the natriuretic receptor A and B in our cells. Furthermore, the expression of ten phosphodiesterases isoforms in the myofibroblasts was revealed by genomic screening. The non-selective inhibition of these phosphodiesterases causes a decrease in the proliferation and secretion of collagen. Finally, the intracellular concentrations of cAMP and cGMP were increased in the presence of ANP. In parallel, the characterization of ionic currents present in myofibroblasts revealed the absence of rapid sodium and potassium ATP-dependent currents. This study shows the role of the ANP/NPR/cGMP pathway in modulating fibroblast properties and exposes the complexity of the cell differentiation process during cardiac fibrogenesis

En la actualidad La Unión Internacional para la Conse rvación de la Naturaleza (UICN) señala que las áreas protegidas incluyen el 12.7% del área terrestre en el mundo y el 1.6 del área oceánica mundial, que contribuyen significativamente a la conservación de la biodiversidad, a part ir de la reducción de la deforestación, la perdida de hábitats y especies y sustentan los modos de vida de más de 1000 millones de personas. Además indican el propósito de gestionar y conservar efectivamente y equitativamente el 17% de áreas terrestres y e l 10% de áreas marinas en el mundo para el año 2020 (Bastian, et.al . 2012) de acuerdo a algunas de las categorías de gestión de áreas protegidas de la UICN: reserva natural estricta, área natural silvestre, parque nacional, monumento natural, paisaje terre stre y marino protegido, área protegida manejada (UICN, 2009)
Frente a la compleja problemática ambi ental actual las Áreas Naturales Protegidas (ANP), constituyen un valioso instrumento de la política ambiental que pretende favorecer la conservación de la naturaleza, y dar continuidad a los valiosos servicios ambientales que brindan. En este sentido a lo largo del mundo diversos actores sociales, están generando mecanismos para la regulación de los espacios protegidos, pero también para la creación de nuevos sitios. De tal forma que organismos internacionales, dependencias públicas en los ámbitos Federal, estatal y municipal, el sector privado, las instituciones académicas y centros de investigación, organizaciones sociales y los propios actores locales están siendo participes en el proceso de gestión ambiental a través de ANP

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The use of Biodiesel as an additive to diesel in automotive proportion of 2 % v/v is being marketed in Brazil since January 2008. Thus, it is extremely important Know the environmental and commercial impact of samples of B100 produced and mixtures, for example, B2 (stipulated by the ANP - the National Petroleum Agency). The objective this paper is to physical-chemistry analyses of samples B100, obtained of different oil (soya, sunflower and canola) and samples mixtures biodiesel+diesel, obtained ethanolic route for process of transesterification of soya oil. Basic analyses chemical of B100 obtained ethanol route were compared with methanol route. The process of biodiesel transesterification and glycerin separation obtained by methanol route is very quickly ompareted with ethanol route, can not forget the degree of toxicity of methanol and the high cost of methanol in Brazil. The results of color, density, flash point were almost the same within the experimental precision, but the infrared spectral of the samples of B100, in the two cases presented distinct peaks. The chemical analysis of samples of B100, via ethanol route from different oils, has presented different colors and densities, may cause changes of color in the final product, observed that color stipulated by ANP is red. Analysis of samples of B100, made before and after the step of washing and neutralized the pH, showed that the analyses required by the ANP for business this fuel, not relevant differences, allowing produce B100 with less cost, however the omission this step, could lead to oxidation of parts of the automobile, causing damage to consumers and future environmental and economic impact to the country.
A utilização do biodiesel como aditivo ao diesel automotivo em proporção de 2 % v/v está sendo comercializada no Brasil desde janeiro de 2008. Assim, é de extrema importância uma avaliação do impacto comercial e ambiental de amostras de biodiesel B100 produzido e das misturas, como por exemplo, da comercializada, B2 (estipulada pela ANP – Agência Nacional de Petróleo). O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar fisicoquimicamente amostras de biodiesel B100, de diferentes oleaginosas (soja, canóla e girassol) e de diferentes proporções de misturas biodiesel + diesel, amostras de B100 obtidas via rota etanólica do processo de transesterificação do óleo de soja. Análises químicas básicas foram feitas em amostras B100 obtidas via rota etanólica, utilizando-se o óleo de soja com matéria prima e comparadas com a rota metanólica. Ressalta-se que o processo de transesterificação do biodiesel e separação da glicerina, oriundo da rota metanólica é mais rápido, entretanto não se pode esquecer o grau de toxidez do metanol e o elevado custo do metanol no Brasil. Os resultados de cor, densidade, ponto de fulgor foram praticamente os mesmos dentro da precisão experimental, mas os espectros de infravermelho de amostras de B100, nos dois processos apresentaram alguns picos diferenciados. As análises químicas das amostras de combustível B100, via rota etanólica oriundas de diferentes oleaginosas, apresentaram cores e densidades diferentes, podendo causar mudanças de cores no produto final gerado, ressalta-se que e a cor estipulada pela ANP para este tipo de combustível é vermelha. Análises de amostras de B100, feitas antes e após a etapa de lavagem e neutralização do pH, mostraram que as análises exigidas pela ANP para revenda deste combustível, não apresentarem diferenças, o que pode levar o produtor a gerar o B100 com menor custo, entretanto a falta desta etapa, poderá levar a oxidação das peças dos veículos automotores, causando prejuízo aos consumidores e futuro impacto ambiental e econômico ao País.

Abstract Stretch of the cardiac muscle activates several physiological processes leading to changes in the function of the muscle. These changes include increase of the contraction force accompanied by changes in the intracellular calcium concentration. This phenomenon is known as Frank-Starling relation of the heart. In addition to this, stretch also influences the membrane voltage of individual myocytes predisposing the cardiac muscle to arrhythmias. In atrial muscle stretch augments the secretion of the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). Although several cellular components are known to be sensitive to mechanical stimulus the precise mechanisms participating to these stretch-induced changes are not known in detail. Further it is not known if these changes are causally related or if they share a common causal factor. This research was aimed to study the stretch-induced changes in the rat atrium. The possible interactive mechanisms were studied by recording intracellular action potentials, changes in the intracellular calcium concentration, contraction force and ANP secretion during stretch. The plausible mechanosensitive cellular components were incorporated into a mathematical model that was used to further study the mechanisms. The role of intracellular acidosis as a possible modulator of the mechanotransduction was of special interest. In isolated rat left atrium moderate stretch produced by increasing the intra-atrial pressure increased the contraction force in a biphasic manner. The immediate increase of the force was caused by altered properties of the contractile element, but the following slow increase was accompanied by an increase of the Ca2+ transient. These changes were followed by lengthening of the late phase of action potentials and augmented secretion of the ANP. Intensive sustained stretch was also found to induce delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs). Gadolinium (Gd3+), blocker of stretch-activated ion channels reduced the stretch-dependent activation of the contraction and inhibited the stretch-induced DADs. The mathematical model simulated the experimental findings at best when stretch-activated channel (SA-channel) activation and increased troponin-C affinity were used to mimic the stretch. The modelling data suggested that the SA-channel current increases the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium content in a time dependent manner leading to Ca2+ transient augmentation during systole. Bigger Ca2+ transients induce a depolarizing current during the late phase of the action potential (AP) repolarization via the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger causing the lengthening of the action potentials. A small reduction of the intracellular pH (0.18 units) with 20 mM propionate was found to modulate the stretch-induced changes in the rat atrium. Acidosis leads to an increase in the diastolic [Ca2+]i during stretch, inhibits the stretch-induced changes in action potentials and slows down the contraction development during stretch by inhibiting the fast component of the force increase. These changes in E-C-coupling (excitation-contraction-coupling) were accompanied by a simultaneous augmentation of the ANP secretion. Furthermore, it was shown that contraction force and diastolic [Ca2+]i of the stretched tissue are more sensitive to acidosis than in non-stretched tissue. In conclusion, the stretch-induced changes in rat atrial myocytes are mediated by at least two mechanisms; stretch-activated Ca2+ influx and change in the properties of the contractile element. The action potential changes can be largely explained by modulation of the membrane voltage by intracellular calcium via Na+/Ca2+-exchanger. The co-occurrence of the changes in the [Ca2+]i and ANP secretion suggests that the stretch-induced ANP secretion can be mediated by [Ca2+]i.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
The dissertation has by objective describe the administrative activity of regulation exercised by independent regulatory agencies, observing that this activity was already done before this structures creation, however, after a really deep administrative reform that had as objective built a Public Administration with more efficiency, it passed to be done with some own peculiarities of these new structures of regulation. The work gave especial attention to what concern the conflicts of normative competency that really often happen between ANP (Ag?ncia Nacional do Petr?leo, G?s Natural e Biocombust?veis) and the legislatives organs of the Republic Federative of Brazil, because energetic area has unbelievable mater to any country, and the fact of some juridical norm be against the law and be accepted is very dangerous, it affronts the constitutional principle of the legality e may put in risk the democratic Estate of law, them, regulatory dogmatic must be scientifically knows, and developed, thought and especially there are so many doctrinaires divergences about regulation constitutionality. As a theorist point, the investigation got the Logical nocontradiction principle, according Hans Kelsen and Lourival Vilanova thought, doing a philosophical reflection about the system of positive law, in which there are many antinomies, or conflicts of norms, what include the conflicts of the administrative acts expedited by ANP and the legislation of the brazilian regulatory Estate. For a better understanding and exemplify some perplexities treated by the doctrinaire angle, this work did a lucubration about a possibility of a normative conflict between a ANP resolution and the municipal legislation in a specific case, also, brought several jurisprudences for the brazilians courts of justice, that confirm the empiric existence of normative conflicts among ANP s administrative norms and federal legislation. Finally, concludes observing that the regulation is not a legislative competency delegation to regulatory agencies, is just a new exercise of the administrative function, it is a technical specialization of the public administration, that using this know-how can acting with more efficiency, however the normative power of regulatory agencies must respect the empire of law, so in this terms, the dissertation suggests the ponderation of the constitutionals principles of efficiency and legality how form to harmonizing the democratic legitimate inherent to legal norm supremacy, with the perspective of an efficient economic and institutional development
A disserta??o tem como objetivo descrever a atividade administrativa da regula??o exercida pelas ag?ncias reguladoras, observando que tal atividade j? era realizada antes da cria??o dessas entidades, por?m, ap?s uma profunda reforma administrativa que buscava dar mais efici?ncia ? Administra??o P?blica, passou a ocorrer com certas peculiaridades inerentes a essas novas entidades de regula??o. O trabalho d? aten??o especial aos conflitos de compet?ncia normativa que diversas vezes ocorre entre a ANP (Ag?ncia Nacional do Petr?leo, G?s Natural e Biocombust?veis) e os ?rg?os legislativos da Rep?blica Federativa do Brasil, uma vez que as quest?es sobre combust?veis possuem significativa import?ncia para qualquer pa?s, e o fato de alguma norma jur?dica ser contr?ria ? lei e ainda assim ser aceita ? deveras temer?rio, pois isso afronta o princ?pio constitucional da legalidade e pode colocar em risco o Estado democr?tico de Direito, destarte, a dogm?tica da regula??o precisa ser cientificamente conhecida e desenvolvida, especialmente pelo fato da exist?ncia de diverg?ncias doutrin?rias sobre a constitucionalidade de diversas especificidades da regula??o exercida pelas ag?ncias reguladoras. Como marco te?rico, a investiga??o adota o princ?pio l?gico da n?o-contradi??o conforme o pensamento de Hans Kelsen e Lourival Vilanova, fazendo uma reflex?o filos?fica sobre o Direito e o sistema de Direito positivo, no qual h? v?rias antinomias, ou conflitos de normas, o que inclui os conflitos entre os atos administrativos expedidos pela ANP e a legisla??o do Estado regulador brasileiro. Para uma melhor compreens?o do fen?meno da regula??o e exemplifica??o de algumas perplexidades que ensejam celeumas doutrin?rias, o trabalho traz a problematiza??o da possibilidade de conflito normativo entre uma resolu??o da ANP e a legisla??o municipal diante de um caso espec?fico, tamb?m traz uma minuciosa pesquisa jurisprudencial realizada nos Pret?rios nacionais, que confirmam empiricamente a exist?ncia de conflitos normativos entre normas administrativas editadas pela ANP e a legisla??o federal. Finalmente conclui observando que a regula??o realizada pelas ag?ncias reguladoras n?o significa a exist?ncia de delega??o legislativa, ou regulamentar, para essas entidades, na medida em que representa apenas uma forma de exerc?cio da fun??o administrativa, que j? havia no Direito brasileiro, mas atrav?s das ag?ncias passou a ser exercida com mais independ?ncia, o que permite uma atua??o mais t?cnica e, portanto, mais eficiente do Estado, entretanto, ao disciplinarem tecnicamente seus respectivos setores, as ag?ncias reguladoras precisam respeitar o imp?rio da lei , e nesses termos, a disserta??o sugere a pondera??o dos princ?pios constitucionais da legalidade e da efici?ncia para que o Estado Regulador brasileiro possa compatibilizar a legitimidade democr?tica inerente ? supremacia da norma legal com a perspectiva de um eficiente desenvolvimento econ?mico e institucional

博士
高雄醫學大學
醫學研究所
97
英文摘要 Kidney disease is one of the complications of diabetes. The pathophysiologic changes in diabetic nephropathy including mesangial cells proliferation and tubular cells hypertrophy. Hyperglycemia is the initial trigger of vascular, renal and retinal cells damage associated with diabetes. Renal ANP synthesis has been found to be significantly increased in several disorders, eg. diabetes. ANP synthesized from the kidney produces local function has never been elucidated. Hyperglycemia-induced cell damage can also be modulated by ANP is still unclear. This dissertation concerning the role and function of renal ANP synthesis in high glucose stimulated in renal tubular epithelial cells. In this study, we have mainly contained three research directions. First, we investigated the function of ANP by high glucose-stimulated in renal tubular epithelial cells. Second, we investigated the role of endogenous ANP in renal tubular epithelial cells. Third, we investigated the regulation of endogenous ANP by glucose-stimulated in renal tubular epithelial cells. I. The study of ANP on high glucose-activated transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1), Smad and collagen synthesis in renal proximal tubular cells. In diabetic rats, ANP synthesis has been found to be significantly increased, particularly in the proximal tubules. It is reasonable to hypothesize that renal ANP synthesis might directly modulate hyperglycemia-induced injure in this cells. First, we concerned about cytoprotective action in renal tubular cells by addition of ANP. High glucose significantly increased TGF-β1 and collagen type I expression in renal proximal tubular cells. The addition of ANP significantly attenuated high glucose-enhanced TGF-β1 and collagen type I. LY83583 blocked the influence of ANP on high glucose-activated TGF-β1 and collagen synthesis. In addition, ANP significantly attenuated high glucose-enhanced p-Smad 2/3 ratio. II. The role of endogenous ANP in renal proximal tubular cells. It is still unclear on endogenous ANP exerts local function in renal proximal tubular cells. Hyperglycemia activates numerous profibrotic and pro-inflammatory mediators, such as TGF-β1 and NF-κB in renal proximal tubular cells. We investigated whether endogenous ANP could modulate high glucose-stimulated TGF-β1 and collagen type I in renal proximal tubular cells using transfection of ANP and ANP small interfering RNA (siRNA). In this study, the transfection of ANP significantly attenuated high glucose-activated TGF-β1 and NF-κB expression. ANP siRNA knocked-down ANP but significantly increased TGF-β1 and NF-κB under high glucose conditions. In addition, IkB-α expression increased in ANP-transfected cells, and in contrast, IkB-α expression decreased in ANP siRNA-transfected cells. These results imply an inhibitory action of ANP on NF-κB inhibition by up-regulation of IkB-α. III. The study of high glucose induces ANP-synthesis via intrarenal renin-angiotensin system in renal proximal tubular cells Renin-angiotensin system play an important role in diabetic nephropathy. High glucose or angiotensin II could stimulate cells hypertrophy and extracellular matrix formation in renal tubular cells. Therefore, we investigated whether intrarenal renin-angiotensin system could modulate renal ANP synthesis in high glucose-stimulation in proximal tubular cells. Proximal tubular cells were stimulated with high glucose to up-regulate ANP and ANG mRNA and ANG II protein level. These effects of high glucose were attenuated by angiotensin II receptor antagonist ( losartan or PD123319). ANG siRNA silenced ANG expression, and down-regulate ANP expression in high glucose stimulation in renal tubular cells. In this study, high glucose can stimulate angiotensinogen and angiotensin II expression. High glucose induces ANP-synthesis via intrarenal renin-angiotensin system in renal proximal tubular cells. In conclusion, using proximal tubular cells to investigate local action of endogenous ANP can directly explanation for the function and regulation of renal ANP synthesis on high glucose-activated in proximal tubular cells.

博士
淡江大學
管理科學學系博士班
102
Abstract: The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and its general form, Analytic Network Process (ANP), help decision makers understand real world problems and solve them via a hierarchical or network structure. It has been popular for many business applications and has become an important technique in multiple criteria decision making. This study proposes two kinds of improvement processes of model-structuring and applies them to the selection of the appropriate green supply chain management (GSCM) strategy and the evaluation of consumers’ acceptance of wearable technology. First, the researcher organized the GSCM strategy-selection network structure according to the product lifecycle management (PLM) concept. Then the importance of control criteria which could make the results of pair-comparisons more precise was stressed and the GSCM strategy which conformed to the environmental perspective kept by the organization was chosen. Then the study selected a leading Taiwanese electronics company to demonstrate how to choose an appropriate GSCM strategy via the proposed model. The analytical results derived from the model can provide suggestions for departments’ policies or programs since the concept of PLM corresponds with their business functions/departments types. In addition, the Unified Theory of Adoption and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model which is a more robust theory model and used commonly to predict the acceptance of a new technology was utilized to be a basis for an analytical network-framing. Then, wearable technology was taken an example to evaluate customers’ intention to use the products and the level-low, medium and high of actual use of wearable technology in Taiwan. This approach not only improved the model-framing objectivity; but also avoided some limitations which existed in statistical methods including some assumptions, problems with sample sizes and so on. The method used in this study allowed for issues related to inaccurate statistical significance magnitude resulted from different samples which keep users from understanding the importance of each variable to be avoided. The stability of the above tow model-structuring approaches was confirmed via sensitivity analysis; however, the first approach which is based on managerial concepts should combine other mathematical techniques to show better judgments in relationship–linking between each factor. The other approach which is based on UTAUT model also continuously examined the feasibility of other theoretical models, and then advanced to a more objective and feasible transferring process.

碩士
南台科技大學
企業管理系
98
The selection of a Six Sigma project is concerned with how an industry introduces Six Sigma successfully. A successful Six Sigma project is a project which profits the vantage of the industry, considers custom need, and reduces risk. This study investigated the indexes of the Six Sigma project selection by surveying papers and classified the indexes into three constructs: efficiency, feasibility and risk. ANP with master evaluating to gain relative weight counting was then adapted to resolve the evaluation problems of some factors which can not be quantified. In terms of handling the construct of risk, FMEA was used to reevaluate the risk problems of manufacturing structure of the initially selected projects for increasing accuracy of ANP. By the above method, we thus introduced the normalized indexes of FMEA into the normalized weight matrices of ANP to effectively derive a suitable project by combining both. This study, based on the above method, conducted the selection of more appropriate constructs of a Six Sigma project by integrating the previous research that still has not applied the derived weight order of FMEA in an actual project. In contrast, this study, by combining ANP and FMEA, obtained relative weight order to arrive at an executable project. The procedure not only considered the accuracy of risk weight but also quantified the weight of the project using ANP in the hope that it will provide a model of project selection for the industries.

by Kwok Fai (Simon) Leung.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1990.
Bibliography: leaves 72-99.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.i
ABSTRACT --- p.ii
Chapter SECTION 1: --- Literature Review
Chapter 1.1 --- Historical perspectives of ANP --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Nature of ANP --- p.5
Chapter 1.3 --- Release of ANP --- p.13
Chapter 1.4 --- Biological effects of ANP --- p.17
Chapter 1.5 --- Clinical implications --- p.24
Chapter SECTION 2: --- Effect of ANP on Left Atrium
Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.29
Chapter 2.2 --- Methods --- p.32
Chapter 2.3 --- Results --- p.37
Chapter 2.4 --- Discussion --- p.44
Chapter SECTION 3: --- Effect of ANP on Mesenteric Artery
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.47
Chapter 3.2 --- Methods --- p.51
Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.62
Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.66
Chapter SECTION 4: --- General Discussion --- p.67
Chapter SECTION 5: --- References --- p.72

碩士
國立東華大學
高階經營管理碩士在職專班
98
The wealth management has always been the most important part for banking businesses. However, with more and more severe competition, the service quality has become a critical factor for success. Therefore, a growing number of researches now focus on the service quality assessment for wealth management business. In present, there is not only a lack of objective method to assess but also has less discussion on the influence by different roles. For theses reasons, this study aims to construct a more objective model and integrate the opinions from the customer, financial advisors and relative government units. We apply the concept of GC and the method of analytic network process (ANP) to develop the model. The method of analytic hierarchy process (AHP) also used in comparing the differences of two models. The findings of this study can provide a reference in improving the service quality in the wealth management business.

碩士
國立勤益科技大學
工業工程與管理系
97
Enhancing the competitiveness of a company is essential for an entrprise to survive in the fiercely competitive global environment. The acquisition of advanced technology is one of the usable strategies for a company. However, an ineffective acquisition approach not only jeopardizes the competitiveness of a company but also causes delay for products to enter the market. As a result, the primary issue for an entrprise to consider is how to make the right technology acquisition at the right time to satisfy the need of an entrprise. We propose a mechanism for selecting technology acquisition mode. It is a mechanism for decision-maker to implement a practical decision making. In addition, the success of a strategic decision-making depends on both its proximity to the environment and level of its complexity of the decision-making process. Fuzzy analytical networks process not only handles the dynamic interdependence situation of a decision-making problem but also addresses the vagueness when the decision is made. The supermatrix is applied to handle the dependent situation between the influence level and criteria level. However, the influence level belongs to external factor. The external factor gives the decision-maker a chance to review if the intensity of the motive obtained for the mechanism is consistent with that in his mind. If it is so, it can used to pairwise comparison; on the other hand, it should reconsider the weighting process, too. In this research, the fuzzy ANP is applied to construct a general mechanism for discussion of the technology acquisition problem. Besides, a case study of a tool manufacturing company is employed to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism.

碩士
元智大學
工業工程與管理學系
99
As today’s society rise in age, so does the need for higher quality medical services and equipments. Due to the fact that medical equipment can directly affect the wellbeing of a person, risk analysis on the design and production of the medical device or the management are all highly regarded in governmental regulation and relative standards. Method of risk analysis differs by need, and FMEA is an important tool of analyzing danger and risks.Traditional FMEA does not take the effect and differences among risk factors into consideration, which can lead to negligence and misjudgment by the analyzer.This study applies the ANP method to combine FMEA that will improve the effectiveness of FMEA by taking the Consistency Index (C.I.) with Super matrix and building the characteristics model of function group. Therefore, the threshold value of ANP (α) consists to the weighting risk factors. By comparing with tradition FMEA analysis with ANP+FMEA method, the relative effects of the risk factors among each factors(effects) or itself (feedback) can be analyzed, allowing the analyzer to perform risk control procedures, decide what activities to perform or prioritize more effectively to increase the quality and reliability of the medical device. As the results, it is shown that through ANP+FMEA method it is clear that risk factors are related to one another, and can be affected by the characteristics of the model and network of factors. The threshold value of ANP (α) can be used to make up for the risk differences of FMEA due to RPN, which gives a more realistic reflection on the current status.

碩士
東吳大學
資訊管理學系
102
With the trend toward to high volume of sales of smart phones and increasingly popularity of mobile internet, IT industry in the past centered by desktop computers nowadays develops rapidly toward to hand held devices (Smart Phones). The most influential application is the App Store set up first by Apple Computer Company. Subsequently, Google and Microsoft set up their own software store. In few years, APP market scope will be expected to expand rapidly to $54 billion in 2015 from zero in 2008. Many software companies begin to research and sale APPs. These new competitors rapidly develop variety of applications of smart phones, which results in fierce competition in APP industry. Now is the important moment to change for software industry environment to face; while those APPs rated outside APP store ranking would disappear even though they were once ranking inside it with high popularity. So the APP store ranking will be the judgment of APPs and every software company seeks top ranking by all means. With the characteristics of Delphi, DEMAEL and ANP, this research comprehensively analyzes key factors of APP ranking to provide competition strategies and upgrade advices for APP industry. Besides evaluating the current APP store ranking rules, we also hope that APP companies pay attention to it and further more evaluate and develop more comprehensive ranking rules. With the DEMATEL analysis and aggregation of expert-questionnaire replies, this research by influence characteristic finds out the key factors are 「rating」and「download count」. This study also provides strategy application on mobile internet for industry and academic circles to raise efficiency of enterprise resource use and competitive strength.

碩士
國立勤益科技大學
工業工程與管理系
95
One of strategic activities of an enterprise is to forge alliance with other enterprises for the sake of strengthening its technological level of shortening the time to enter market for its new product. To establish a mechanism to selecting a proper partner is the first thing for this strategic activity. The motives for establish an alliance relationship are addressed. The criteria and their corresponding sub-criteria are explored. An enterprise may have multiple motives of forging alliance with other enterprises but with different priority, hence affecting the weighting on criteria for evaluating the suitability of candidate partners. Reversely, from the emphasis on some particular criteria the intensity or priority of those motives is revealed. Consequently, these two factors affect each other recursively. The ANP approach that borrows the idea from Markov chain is applied to handle this complicated situation and establish a partner selection mechanism. From this approach, the tendency of these motives and the weighing of these criteria are determined simultaneously. The former gives the decision-maker a chance to review if the dendency of the motive obtained for the mechanism is consistent with presetting. If it is, the relative weights of these criteria then are used to evaluate the candidate partners in the selection mechanism. If it is not, he should reconsider the weighting process or remeasure the relative for the criteria before conduct the evaluation and selection processes. In this research, we proposed a mechanism for selecting a proper partner for establishing the alliance relationship though the criteria may be modified when consider with other situations.

碩士
東吳大學
企業管理學系
99
ABSTRACT The rapid technological change and intense competition in the global market, due to shortened product life cycles and customer needs change,making the company is committed to constant innovation in product technology improvements, more attention to the overall supply chain management and communication and cooperation. Information network system developed makes 3C manufacturers through a more open and fair and reasonable system of internal selection, select qualified suppliers partners in order to maintain long-term competitive advantage of the whole supply chain to achieve a win-win situation. Conditions of the 3C supplier selection status and other complex factors, the dimensions and criteria often exists between the mutual influence relationship, the first questionnaire will be distributed through the interpretation of the structural model (Interpretive Structural Model, ISM), obtained between dimensions relevance, and to design a questionnaire and then issuing a second network using the analysis of procedural law (Analytic Network Process, ANP), to calculate the various dimensions and weights of criteria in order of importance, try to construct an objective circumspect selection mode, to provide 3C manufacturers in the selection of 3C suppliers to select the most suitable for the long-term business reference. From the ISM analysis result, environmental dimensions and other dimensions there is no correlation between the significant impact the relationship, between the other four dimensions influence each other very closely. By the ANP analysis results of the remaining four dimensions of that enterprise to some of the quality dimensions as the first consideration, second is the technical dimension, the third is flexible dimensions, the fourth is the service dimensions. Manufacturing and product delivery schedule for manufacturers in the selection of suppliers accounting for flexibility dimensions of first priority; volume of product function and appearance maker in the selection of suppliers accounting for the quality dimensions of the first priority; R&D design capabilities for manufacturers in the selection of suppliers accounting for technology dimensions of first priority; crisis management capabilities for manufacturers in the selection of suppliers account for service quality dimensions of the first priority. A total of 13 selection criteria the final consideration is the ability to establish long-term cooperation. Keywords: ISM, ANP, Supply chain management, Supplier selection, Interpretive Structural Model, Analyze Network Process

碩士
東海大學
工業工程與經營資訊學系
95
In recent years, the global economy and the information technology are developed rapidly. This make evaluated projects become more complicated. If using single criteria, the result of decision-making is not only imaccuracy but also unreal. Therefore, the decision-makers often need to be tradeoff in the multi-criteria. Whatever the projects are known or not, the multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM) may be divided into multi-objective decision analysis(MODA) and multi-attribute decision analysis(MADA). MODA evaluates unknown projects, and it can get the optimal decision of multi-goal via constraints. MADA evaluates known projects, and it can select better projects from all projects by multi-criteria. Also, MADA is based on multi-attribute value theory, and it evaluates the decisions under certainty by multi-criteria. However, this thesis evaluates known projects, and it wants to choose better projects from all projects. This thesis mainly discusses MADA. After comparing analytic hierarchy process(AHP), analytic network process(ANP), and data envelopment analysis(DEA), there is no single method that may apply in all decision-making domains to choose better projects. However, if providing more than one methods to evaluate projects, it will be helpful to make decision. This thesis attempts to combinate ANP and DEA of compromise weight. Under the condition of known project and precise data, the combinated method can evaluate all projects to provide more objective ranking by the subjective and the objective criteria.

碩士
中華大學
科技管理學系碩士班
99
Human activity space after sky expansion, how to ensure and promote the flight safety, then becomes the topic which the people take seriously day by day. Demonstrated after the statistical data that official business aircraft helicopter flies the accident and the accident rate in near 10 years, compares the nationality ordinary aviation industry/civil aviation shipping industry for high. The male divisional management social stratum and does the unit pilot, how with fly the experience effectively using the organization resources, before carrying out the urgent service to analyze the risk in advance, the appraisal possible to affect flies settles the possible factor, and simulates in accordance to the strategy, avoids or decreases flies the peaceful event to have the probability, guaranteed flies safe and achieves the duty. Therefore, this research take the male department helicopter Flying unit as the research main body, and of helicopter pilot take various services team as the expert policy-maker, 5 literary composition surfaces, 17 items of criterion of fitting management to flying, the use of Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory(DEMATEL), is it construct between surface and related degree of criterion and influence degree each to probe into; and then use of Analytic Network Process(ANP), construct face and relativity weight of criterion to analyse. The findings discovered that in construction surface part: “the organization” flies the peaceful management most main core factor for the influence; In the criterion part, regard “ the standard operation procedure ”, “ flight discipline ” and “ the psychological state ” as the most important factor. Depend on the DEMATEL, related degree of the income and influences one degree of averages, divide into the key factor district, drives the factor district, independent factor district and influenced in the factor area, draw and construct the surface, criterion indicator characteristic to sort out and pursue; The result of study can offer layers of management to the common department, make or revise it and fly and fit the management policy, issue is it avoid or is it is it fly to the reference of setting up incident to happen to reduce in advance to reach.

碩士
明新科技大學
服務事業管理研究所
101
Lifestyles in Taiwan have been changed from agriculture to industry and commerce.Tourism becomes one primary industry in Taiwan. World Tourism Organization UNWTOactively promotes sustainable tourism with several crucial standards. The subject ofsustainable tourism also forms an important issue in the HsinChu city’s policies andregulations. The purposes of this study include: reviews of literature related to sustainable tourismfrom World Trade Organization (WTO) and foreign and domestic researches to determine theproper aspects and criteria for the sustainable tourism in HsinChu city; studies of threeaspects (economics (A), society (B), environment (C)) and nine criteria (attraction andmarketing of scenic spots (a1); distinguishing festivity and culture (a2); economicaldevelopment (a3); tourist capacity at scenic spots (b1); satisfaction at scenic spots (b2);transportation convenience of scenic spots (b3); safety in city (b4); sanitation at scenic spots(c1); maintenance of scenic spots (c2)) for the sustainable tourism in HsinChu city usingdecision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) after the first-stagequestionnaire and presentations of inter-, intra-, and feedback relations among aspects andcriteria by impact-relation map (IRM); weight calculations of aspects and criteriaconsidering inter-, intra-, and feedback relations among aspects and criteria using analyticnetwork process (ANP) after the second-stage questionnaire; probe of the highest weightsand relations using DEMATEL and ANP from the viewpoints of tourists to propose thefeasible strategies for HsinChu’s sustainable tourism. From DEMATEL, three aspects and nine criteria present complex inter-, intra-, and feedback relations. The most influential aspect is “society (B)”. From ANP, the most three influential criteria are “sanitation at scenic spots (c1)”, “maintenance of scenic spots (c2)”, and “attraction and marketing of scenic spots (a1)” in sequence for HsinChu tourists and “maintenance of scenic spots (c2)”, “sanitation at scenic spots (c1)”, and “attraction and marketing of scenic spots (a1)” in sequence for non-HsinChu tourists. This study proposes feasible promotion strategies to City Marketing Department in HsinChu government for drawing and enforcing the sustainable tourism policies in the future.

碩士
德明財經科技大學
資訊科技與管理研究所
98
Functional Point Analysis (FPA) is a widely adopted approach that measures the functional size of software systems. This approach uses 43 rules for counting function points provide a quantifiable size measure to support the cost and schedule evaluations. These evaluations are complex and stretch their use of new practical questions. This study integrated Analytic Network Process and FPA to develop agile function point counting approach. Four main advantages of this approach are (1) the interdependence among base functional components (BFCs) to reflect a complete profile of functions; (2) reducing used rules of FPA to improve the efficiency of measurement; (3) measuring in the early stage to provide approximated FPA results; and (4) excluding the rules associated functional complexity to overcome the un-updated problem for weighted values of functional complexity. An invoicing system is presented to illustrate the use of this approach to confirm the feasibility of this approach.

碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
營建工程系
91
This study focuses on developing an Engineer Resources Allocation Model for the building project of contractor. Through the Factors Analysis and Analytic Network Process (ANP), the Project difficulty Index (PI) and engineer Suitable Index (SI) were identified. The Regression Analysis Proved the relation between the P.I and the management cost rate with the best fitness regression line. According to the PI, this model can help constructors to make the best allocation of project engineers under conditional management cost and expected project productivity.

碩士
中原大學
資訊管理研究所
100
From 2007 to 2011, the global mobile phone industries and the market trends proceeded to the great evolution-Smartphone. Whatever the functional interfaces or software applications are designed, they are user-friendly with technology and convenience. Many kinds of smartphones in modern eras are released. So the study cited three different smartphones with similar price and functionality from the top three mobile phone industries. The questionnaires distributed to smartphones sellers, and the purpose is mainly to compare the items among smartphone properties, functional criterias, and alternatives. The research result of drawing weight priority is to provide the assessment of R&;D industries as a reference for the subsequent development of new smartphones. And the result of alternative ranking is for the reference as the technical data of three smartphones assessment in the same field. The questionnaire is mainly to test the smartphone sellers. Five testers filled them up. The assessment architecture of the smartphone alternatives is built by Super Decisions software, and the decision-making software produced some doublet models within smartphone properties and functional criterias, so as to compare each set of the properties and criterias. Thus, the study can verify the priority computations of each assessment results. When the study achieved to integrate professional recommendations of the sellers, the value of each questionnaire is regarded as an effective group result via geometric average. The ANP analysis method is utilized into decision-making operations, so as to gain the sequence of each properties and criterias. On completing consistency test and verification, Super Decisions software can compute the sequence of the normalized and limiting weight in smartphone alternatives, functional criterias, and properties. The results show that “APPLE iPhone 4(0.38164)” is considered as the most important decision-making alternative under the recommendations of five communication staffs, and the “battery power(0.100036)” is the highest assessment factor for limiting weight in all of the functional criterias, and “built-in system(0.70267)” is the highest weight value in four properties.

碩士
淡江大學
資訊管理學系碩士班
101
This study presents a flight operation risk assessment model by using the technologies of Analytic Network Process (ANP) and Fuzzy inference. The proposed model has a network structure to represent the relationship of concerned risk factors. The analytic network process (ANP) is a more general form of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) used in multi-criteria decision analysis, which allows consideration of the interdependence of concerned risk factors. The use of fuzzy inference enables the quantification of qualitative risk assessments by domain experts. Experiments based on practical data are conducted to evaluate the validation and performance of the proposed model.

碩士
銘傳大學
管理研究所
96
Abstract Due to the increasing air transportation cost, the impacts of competing industries’ coming construction of the high-speed railway on domestic aviation industry. Under the gradually shrinking market, industries face the management crisis is how to remain profit now. According to 80/20 rule, industries need to hold the 20% valuable customers to maintain profit. Thus how to maintain variable customers effectively is the most important management problem of the domestic aircraft industries. This research develops a valuable customer mining process to detect the valuable customer information from Taiwan airplane database. First of all, evaluate customer value model weight process by ANP. Then, to mine up all kinds of valuable customers by C5.0 decision tree which includes demographic statistical attribute, consumer characteristic and service satifaction. This research concludes the customer value model weight from recent travel date, travel frequency, and average expenditure (RFM) as 0.25, 0.35 and 0.40 by analytic network process. The researches results reveal three kinds of district separates through the valuable customer have a difference on attribute. Industries have abundant reference value for customer relationship management and database marketing decision.

碩士
國立高雄應用科技大學
工業工程與管理系碩士班
94
Owing to the impact of the knowledge economy industry globalization nowadays, enterprises must depend on continuous exploration of knowledge, sharing, application and innovation to strengthen its competition advantages. Then, the goal of improving management performance may be achieved. But in facing of the ongoing challenges and impacts from knowledge economies, the planning and constructing of knowledge management stratagems show more important to enterprise. Therefore, this research combines three methods, the Fuzzy Quality Function Deployment (FQFD), Analytic Network Process (ANP), and Zero-One Goal Programming (ZOGP), to investigate and understand the attribute that knowledge management process value. Finally, an example is presented as a substantial analysis model to explain the application of the methodology provided in this research to planners. Hope that this also offers a comprehensive reference to knowledge management technique criterion factors estimate and choice decision-makers. The technique characteristics that knowledge management technique criterion factors estimate and choice model offers through the integration of FQFD, ANP, and ZOGP are threefold: The technique characteristic chosen in knowledge acquiring process are the ability to acquire the knowledge about the market demand to the company, to define the knowledge of company/department, and to apply the methods of analytic statistics. The technique characteristic chosen in knowledge transferring process are having the ability on complete stratagems and policies of human resource (HR), accommodating HR to the design and development of the organization/system, matching employees’ specialty with his/her profession/career, planning integrated training education, establishing sane employee learning system. The technique characteristic chosen in knowledge applying process is the ability to stretch the knowledge of the company/department.

碩士
國立臺北科技大學
環境工程與管理研究所
99
Energy conservation and carbon reduction has become a “must” policy for governments all over the world to adopt in response to the concern about global warming. According to the Agenda 21, proposed in the Earth Summit in 1992, all people need to change their consumption and production patterns to achieve the goal of Sustainable Development (SD). Therefore, a new concept and initiative, namely sustainable consumption and production (SC&P), has been promoted by UN and EU countries. One of the important measures in promoting SC&P is through the labeling scheme. It is to differentiate green or environmental products with general products by labeling a green or eco-label on products to attract green consumers. Currently, carbon labeling has been gaining momentum in various countries; more and more products are labeled to guide consumers to purchase low carbon products and practice green consumption. In this study a commonly used decision-making tool, SWOT analysis, combined with Analytic Network Process (ANP), Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) and Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) was adopted in this study to study the strategies for promoting and implementing carbon labeling in Taiwan. First, possible strategies were collected via literature review followed by an expert questionnaire and the strategies (factors) through a group of experts by using FDM. SWOT analysis was applied to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in implementing carbon labeling in Taiwan. The SWOT matrix was then further formed four strategy-pairs, namely SO (promoting carbon label in multiple ways), ST (actively use of government resources), WO (aggressively participate international organizations) and WT (bring in foreign experience and cooperation). And DEMATEL was used to explore the interrelations among the key factors of implementation carbon labeling in Taiwan. After the paired strategies were confirmed, the ANP technique will be applied to quantitatively determine the relative importance of each strategy. The research findings show that the strategy within the SO strategy-pair, i.e. “Promoting carbon label in multiple ways”, is the most important insight and is a potential strategic alternative for policy makers to benefit from the potential advantages of Taiwan carbon practices.

碩士
中華大學
科技管理學系(所)
98
In recent years, due to the advancement of technology、the development of knowledge and the implementation of the National Health Insurance (NHI),leading Taiwan hospital organization operating environment to face with serious changes. Confronting the transformation of the environment and system, the operating efficiency of the hospital organization becomes the important issue. Additionally, according to the annual report of Human Resource Committee of Taiwan Hospital Association (HRCTHA), the human resource cost occupies 30% to 55% in total operating budget. Thus, the HR becomes the important factor that affects the finical performance and the practicability of hospitals. Therefore, how to control human resource efficiently to build human resource management (HRM) evaluation system becomes the major topic of hospital organization administration. However, HRM’s research about hospital organization in the past only focused on traditional HRM, the knowledge management and government policy are not taken into consideration. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to add the traditional HRM、knowledge management and government policy in order to build a hospital HRM evaluation system framework. Through traditional Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) and Analytic Network Process (ANP) to evaluate hospital organization HRM system. Finally compare differences of the two methods to look for the best method and propose suggestions to the significant indicators. In order to achieve this purpose, Taoyuan Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and the directors of HR committee of Taiwan Hospital Associate have to fill in questionnaires. After receiving the questionnaires, we individually use AHP and DEMATEL to combine with ANP for analysis. This result shows that using DEMATEL and ANP is the most efficient for enhancing hospital organization HRM evaluation system. The five ranking are as follow：B1 knowledge development (0.2800) 、B2 information system (0.1780)、A4 performance management (0.0744)、A3 training and development (0.0741) and A8 organization development system(0.0723). If you want to use hospital organization HR efficiently, you can firstly improve these five indicators.

碩士
長榮大學
國際企業學系碩士班
100
In order to cope with the international strategy, multinational companies expatriate internal personnel to subsidiaries around the world. In this study, we used expatriates and scholars for the object, Application Analytic Network Process to establish the criteria and elements in this study, then put forward 4 criteria and 14 elements, in order to explore cross-cultural training and expatriate performance evaluation. Therefore, this study used questionnaire of experts to explore cross-cultural training and performance evaluation methods can enhance the performance in multinational corporations, and to explore the relationship between all elements find the important factors in this study and make conclusions. Eventually found D2 oversea knowledge transfer and C3 field experience were most important factors in this study. Finally, the conclusions and suggestions of the study can provide industry some policies of the cross-cultural training and performance evaluation suggestion as well as reference.

碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
運輸科學系
105
In 2015, there are 2.1 million cruise passengers from Asia, China’s passengers are approximately 986,000, almost accounted 50% of the regional passengers, followed Taiwan (11%) then Singapore (8.8%). From 2012 to 2015, Taiwan’s source market passenger volume is growing smoothly with CAGR (Compound Annual Growth Rate) 29%. Cruise provides everything that tourists need, including food, clothing, accommodation, transport, education and leisure, however, it makes certain negative impacts to environment. For cruise companies, they have lots of energy consumption which not only have certain impact to air quality, but also cause relative impact to the environment. This problem has become a critical issue for all cruise companies in reducing the negative impact. According to previous research on cruise issues, it rarely mentioned or involved in environmental index. In order to minimize the research gap, in this paper, both practical and theoretical part are combined together. In this paper, the methodology of DEMATEL (Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory) combining with ANP (Analytic Network Process) is applied. For DEMATEL, it can find the key factors and the dependent relationship between aspects. Besides, ANP would solve the dependent relationship among aspects and criteria. The goal of this study is to develop the environmental index for green cruise”. The hierarchy structure includes 4 aspects, “Energy Use and Conservation”, “Water Use and Conservation”, “Recycling Management and Waste Management”, and “Biodiversity Protection”. The weight factors can be calculated by combining DEMATEL and ANP. With the finding from the perspective of cruise company, it would be a constructive result for their green operations. Based on the ranking of the environmental index criteria, cruise company can utilize the priority to become a sustainability operator within the limit resource.

碩士
國立中正大學
企業管理研究所
102
The development of internet makes the online shopping become a popular type of consumption. The online shopping market in Taiwan maintains stable growth, and has considerable value. Online shopping market will increasingly compete, because of cross-nation shopping, cross-strait economic exchanges and the development of 4G. According to the 80/20 rule, it’s important to understand heavy online shoppers’ buying decisions for internet businesses. According to these background, this thesis for three purposes：（1）to explore factors of heavy online shoppers’ buying decisions by reviewing literatures,（2）to establish the framework of heavy online shoppers’ buying decisions by using the Fuzzy Delphi Method,（3）to obtain relative weights of key factors and establish the weight system of heavy online shoppers’ buying decisions by using the Analytic Network Process. Due to consideration mentioned above, this research combines literatures about online shopping and suggestions of experts, adopt the FDM to select for key factors of heavy online shoppers’ buying decisions, and adoption of the ANP for every key factor weight value is established.