Academic literature on the topic 'Anoxemia – Physiological effect'

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Anoxemia – Physiological effect"

1

Vedam, Hima. "Short-term hypoxia and arterial stiffness." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2007. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/28093.

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The studies in this thesis assess the ventilatory and vascular effects of short-term awake isocapnic hypoxia in healthy subjects and those with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). The particular focus of this thesis is the impact of the hypoxic stimulus on indices of arterial stiffness, in particular the augmentation index (AIx) and time to reflection (Tr). The role of nitric oxide in this response in healthy subjects is also examined.
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Tinworth, Kellie. "Arousal, Sleep and Cardiovascular Responses to Intermittent Hypercapnic Hypoxia in Piglets." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1116.

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Clinical studies have demonstrated an arousal deficit in infants suffering Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA), and that treatment to alleviate the symptoms of OSA appears to reverse the deficit in arousability. Some sudden infant deaths are thought to be contingent upon such an arousal deficit. This research utilised young piglets during early postnatal development, and exposed them to intermittent hypercapnic hypoxia (IHH) as a model of clinical respiratory diseases. Arousal responses of control animals were compared to the animals exposed to IHH. Comparisons were also made between successive exposures on the first and the fourth consecutive days of IHH. Time to arouse after the onset of the respiratory stimulus, and frequency of arousals during recovery, demonstrated that arousal deficits arose after successive exposures and that these were further exacerbated on the fourth study day. After an overnight recovery period, the arousal deficit was apparently dormant, and only triggered by HH exposure. These studies confirm that both acute and chronic deficits can be induced on a background of otherwise normal postnatal development, suggesting that deficits observed in the clinical setting may be a secondary phenomenon.
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Tinworth, Kellie. "Arousal, Sleep and Cardiovascular Responses to Intermittent Hypercapnic Hypoxia in Piglets." University of Sydney, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1116.

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Master of Science (Medicine)
Clinical studies have demonstrated an arousal deficit in infants suffering Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA), and that treatment to alleviate the symptoms of OSA appears to reverse the deficit in arousability. Some sudden infant deaths are thought to be contingent upon such an arousal deficit. This research utilised young piglets during early postnatal development, and exposed them to intermittent hypercapnic hypoxia (IHH) as a model of clinical respiratory diseases. Arousal responses of control animals were compared to the animals exposed to IHH. Comparisons were also made between successive exposures on the first and the fourth consecutive days of IHH. Time to arouse after the onset of the respiratory stimulus, and frequency of arousals during recovery, demonstrated that arousal deficits arose after successive exposures and that these were further exacerbated on the fourth study day. After an overnight recovery period, the arousal deficit was apparently dormant, and only triggered by HH exposure. These studies confirm that both acute and chronic deficits can be induced on a background of otherwise normal postnatal development, suggesting that deficits observed in the clinical setting may be a secondary phenomenon.
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4

Gendron, Robert 1967. "Prevalence of exercise-induced oxyhemoglobin desaturation and the effect of posture in healthy untrained young subjects." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=24082.

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Exercise-induced hypoxemia is a common observation in endurance-trained athletes. The present study examined the kinetics of oxyhemoglobin saturation during upright (UP) maximal cycling exercise in 84 healthy, untrained subjects between 8 and 26 years old. The prevalence of oxyhemoglobin desaturation (DS: SaO$ sb2 $ 0.05). A subgroup of children (n = 6) repeated the maximal exercise protocol in the supine (SU) position. In NDS values of SaO$ sb2$ were not affected by posture (UP: 95.3 $ pm$ 2.3 vs SU: 94.1 $ pm$ 0.9) for similar VO$ sb{ rm 2max}$ (UP: 3.7 $ pm$ 0.36 vs SU: 3.43 $ pm$ 0.36) (p $>$ 0.05). These observations suggest that exercise-induced DS is independent of age or training status. Differences due to posture may be related to variations in ventilatory and/or pulmonary perfusion parameters.
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Billiards, Saraid Sheelagh. "Neurosteroid and somnogenic responses to endotoxin and hypoxia treatments in lambs." Monash University, Dept. of Physiology, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9553.

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McCracken, Andrew. "Metabolic Support of Anaerobiosis in Embryos of the Annual Killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus." PDXScholar, 2012. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/600.

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Embryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus display a remarkable tolerance to anoxia during development, most notably during embryonic diapause. Little is known about the metabolic or enzymatic changes that accompany this state of anoxia tolerance. This study examined the metabolic changes associated with exposure to anoxia by measuring the activity of the enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and by profiling the concentration of 31 metabolites ranging from amino acids to citric cycle intermediates at 4 different developmental stages, diapause 2 (DII), 4 days post diapause (dpd), 12 and 22 dpd. Embryos of A. limnaeus showed stage specific changes in concentrations of several metabolites. The most notable changes in metabolite concentration in response to anoxia were the increases of lactate, alanine, GABA and succinate as well as a pronounced decrease in aspartate concentrations. However, a complete understanding of the mechanisms by which anoxia tolerance is achieved remains elusive. Further studies into the tissue specific responses of anoxia would enable greater resolution when attempting to explain changes in concentrations of metabolites both during development and in response to anoxic insult.
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7

De, Bie Gabrielle. "The effects of acute hypoxia on metabolic enzymes in skeletal muscle." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3401.

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Thesis (MPhil (Physiological Sciences))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.
The responses of central systems to oxygen deprivation have been well characterised while adaptations in peripheral systems, such as skeletal muscles, have presented confounding variations. Several reasons for these discrepancies are purported, amongst them being the duration of exposure to hypoxia and variations in fibre composition. Moreover, in real-life high altitude situations there may be a combination of factors which have the ability to modify or alter the effect of hypoxia. This study investigates the effect of short duration hypoxia per se on substrate utilisation in different types of skeletal muscles.
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Smith, Kurt, and University of Lethbridge Faculty of Arts and Science. "Men and women in hypoxia : the influence of tissue oxygenation on repeated-sprint ability." Thesis, Arts and Science, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10133/2548.

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This thesis examined the impact of oxygen (O2) availability on prefrontal cortex and muscle tissue oxygenation during repeated-sprint exercise (RSE) in men and women. Men and women matched for initial-sprint mechanical work performed during ten, 10-s sprints (30s of rest) in normoxia (21% FIO2) and acute hypoxia (13% FIO2). Mechanical work and arterial O2-saturation (SPO2) were obtained for every sprint. Oxy- and deoxygenated haemoglobin concentrations (O2Hb, HHb) were obtained via near-infrared spectroscopy. Hypoxia elicited lower SPO2 and work (14.8% & 7.4%, P < 0.05), larger (45.1%, P < 0.05) and earlier reductions in cortical oxygenation, and no differences between sexes. Cortical de-oxygenation and work decrement were strongly correlated (R2=0.85, P < 0.05). Muscle de-oxygenation was greater in men than women (67.3%, P < 0.05). These results show that O2 availability influences cortical oxygenation and performance equally in men and women, and suggest a more efficient muscle O2 uptake in women.
ix, 108 leaves : ill. ; 29 cm
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9

Demasi, Maryanne. "The effects of hypoxia on cyclooxygenase-2 expression and eicosanoid synthesis /." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phd3729.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Medicine and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Rheumatology Unit, 2004.
Includes list of publications arising from this thesis. Erratum attached to inside back cover. "25/03/2004." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 185-257).
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10

Faoro, Vitalie. "Contribution à l'étude de la limitation de l'aptitude aérobie en hypoxie." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210536.

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On sait depuis longtemps que l’exposition à l’altitude est associée à une réduction de l’aptitude aérobie. Différentes hypothèses ont été posées pour expliquer cette limitation à l’effort en hypoxie (une limitation ventilatoire ou diaphragmatique, une altération de la diffusion pulmonaire et une disconcordance entre de la perfusion et la diffusion tissulaire, etc.) mais généralement, la limitation de l’effort aérobie en hypoxie est attribuée à une diminution du transport sanguin de l’O2 (TO2) parc convection vers les muscles. Le TO2 dépend du débit cardiaque (Q) et du contenu artériel en O2 (CaO2).

Le CaO2 est diminué en altitude à cause d’une diminution de la pression partielle inspirée en O2. Cependant, le chémoréflexe hypoxique tente de contrebalancer cet effet en élevant la ventilation et en diminuant la pression alvéolaire en CO2 afin de maintenir la pression alvéolaire en O2 constante. De plus, avec l’acclimatation, le rein produit de l’érythropoïétine permettant au taux d’hémoglobine d’augmenter. Ces deux principales adaptations à l’altitude ramènent le CaO2 à sa valeur de base du niveau de la mer en 2 à 3 semaines passées à 5000 m d’altitude mais sans amélioration de l’aptitude à l’effort aérobie.

L’exposition à l’altitude est aussi associée à une diminution du Q maximal. Les mécanismes à l’origine de cette limitation du Q maximal restent, à l’heure actuelle, incompris. Les principales explications évoquées sont, une diminution de la réserve chronotrope, une diminution de la commande nerveuse centrale vers le cœur ou une diminution de la demande périphérique. Récemment, des études sur des sujets sains en hypoxie suggérèrent qu’au moins une partie de la limitation du Q maximal à l’effort est liée à une élévation de la postcharge ventriculaire droite suite à l’hypertension pulmonaire induite par l’hypoxie. C’est cette hypothèse que nous avons voulu vérifier dans une première étude.

Nous avons étudié l’effet d’une inhibition de l’hypertension pulmonaire d’altitude par le sildénafil, un inhibiteur de la phosphodiestrérase-5, chez des sujets sains, en normoxie, en hypoxie aiguë et en hypoxie chronique. Les résultats de cette étude ont confirmé l’effet vasodilatateur pulmonaire du sildénafil et une augmentation de la VO2max en hypoxie aiguë. Cependant, la prise de ce dernier était couplée à une amélioration de l’oxygénation, si bien que l’élévation de la performance aérobie observée en hypoxie aiguë sous sildénafil ne pouvait être entièrement attribuée à une réduction de l’hypertension pulmonaire.

Nous conclurent que cette amélioration de la performance était probablement d’avantage liée à une amélioration de l'oxygénation qu’à un effet vasodilatateur pulmonaire.

Les résultats équivoques obtenus lors de cette première étude nous ont incité à tester les effets d’une amélioration de l’oxygénation sur la performance aérobie en haute altitude. Pour ce faire, quinze sujets sains ont été testés au niveau de la mer et après acclimatation à 4700 m d’altitude soit sous placebo, soit sous acétazolamide, un inhibiteur de l’anhydrase carbonique augmentant l’oxygénation par stimulation ventilatoire en réponse à une acidose métabolique. La prise d’acétazolamide n’eut aucun effet sur l’hémodynamique pulmonaire et sur la VO2max et la charge maximale. Nous avons toutefois observé qu’une amélioration de l’oxygénation durant l’effort retarde l’apparition du seuil ventilatoire améliorant ainsi la phase aérobie de l’effort. Cette étude confirme donc qu’une élévation du CaO2 permet une amélioration de l’aptitude aérobie.

Finalement, la dernière étude a pour but d’étudier les effets isolés d’une vasodilatation pulmonaire sur la performance aérobie en altitude. Les résultats d’une étude préliminaire montrent que l’inhibition de la vasoconstriction hypoxique par un agent pharmacologique antagoniste des récepteurs de l’endothéline ETA et ETB, le bosentan, permet une élévation de l’aptitude aérobie en hypoxie aiguë, sans effets sur l’oxygénation, confirmant ainsi notre hypothèse initiale qu’une postcharge ventriculaire droite augmentée en hypoxie peut contribuer à une limitation de l’aptitude à l’effort aérobie en hypoxie.

Conclusions :

L’ensemble de nos résultats suggère que l’aptitude aérobie en altitude est déterminée par le transport d’O2 qui peut être augmenté par manipulation pharmaceutique du débit ventriculaire droit maximal après inhibition de la vasoconstriction pulmonaire hypoxique (bosentan), amélioration de l’oxémie (acétazolamide) ou des deux (sildénafil).


Agrégation de l'enseignement supérieur en kinésithérapie et réadaptation
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Books on the topic "Anoxemia – Physiological effect"

1

Nakayama, Wataru, and Nobuto Gōda. Taisha, hassei, men'eki de ugokidasu tei tanso ōtō shisutemu: HIF,PHD no shin kinō to shikkan. Tōkyō: Yōdosha, 2012.

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R, Sutton John, Houston Charles S, and Coates Geoff, eds. Hypoxia and cold. New York: Praeger, 1987.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services. Tactical Air and Land Forces Subcommittee. F-22 pilot physiological issues: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Tactical Air and Land Forces of the Committee on Armed Services, House of Representatives, One Hundred Twelfth Congress, second session, hearing held September 13, 2012. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2013.

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Hochachka, Peter W. Living Without Oxygen. Harvard University Press, 2014.

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Sukhamay, Lahiri, Cherniack Neil S, Fitzgerald Robert S. 1931-, American Physiological Society (1887- ), and Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology., eds. Response and adaptation to hypoxia: Organ to organelle. New York: Published for the American Physiological Society by Oxford University Press, 1991.

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(Editor), Sukhamay Lahiri, Neil S. Cherniak (Editor), and Robert S. Fitzgerald (Editor), eds. Response and Adaptation to Hypoxia: Organ to Organelle (Clinical Physiology Series). An American Physiological Society Book, 1991.

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Fitzgerald, Robert S., Neil S. Cherniak, and Sukhamay Lahiri. Response and Adaptation to Hypoxia: Organ to Organelle. Springer, 2013.

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Simon, M. Celeste. Diverse Effects of Hypoxia on Tumor Progression. Springer, 2012.

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Diverse Effects Of Hypoxia On Tumor Progression. Springer, 2010.

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Simon, M. Celeste. Diverse Effects of Hypoxia on Tumor Progression. Springer, 2011.

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