Journal articles on the topic 'Anorexia'
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1
Adámková Korbuthová, Dagmar. "Disorders of food ingestion - mental anorexia (anorexia nervosa)." Kontakt 8, no. 2 (December 15, 2006): 301–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.32725/kont.2006.049.
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Connor, Geneva, and Leigh Coombes. "Gynetic organisms: pro-anorexic techno bodies." Ethnicity and Inequalities in Health and Social Care 7, no. 2 (June 10, 2014): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eihsc-10-2013-0040.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse pro-anorexia from a discursive, metaphorical standpoint in order to enable an understanding of how pro-anorexia functions as political resistance through technological bodies. Design/methodology/approach – Techno-metaphor is used to reveal how pro-anorexic communities online function through technology. Findings – Six techno-metaphors work to construct pro-anorexic cyborg embodiment through technology. This pro-anorexic cyborg embodiment offers relief from the tensions of patriarchal femininity and provides control over troublesome embodiment. Technology enables women experiencing anorexia to resist the dominant interpretations of their lived experience that subjugate them. Originality/value – This research offers an understanding of pro-anorexia as resistance to intolerable femininity and reconstructed female bodies through technology. By exploiting technological political space, pro-anorexics are claiming positions and forms of embodiment previously off-limits to women and their biological bodies.
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O'Dwyer, A.-M., J. V. Lucey, and G. F. M. Russell. "Serotonin activity in anorexia nervosa after long-term weight restoration: response to D-fenfluramine challenge." Psychological Medicine 26, no. 2 (March 1996): 353–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700034747.
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SynopsisAbnormalities in central serotonin function have been implicated in the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa. It is difficult, however, to separate neuroendocrine abnormalities induced by weight loss and malnutrition from those related primarily to the disorder itself. To minimize these influences, this study assessed long-term weight restored anorexics. A correlation between persistent eating-related psychopathology, co-morbid illness and serotonin dysfunction was sought. Nine female weight-restored out-patients who had previously fulfilled DSM-III-R criteria for anorexia nervosa and nine healthy controls participated. Following baseline estimation, prolactin and cortisol responses to 30 mg p.o. ofD-fenfluramine were measured over a 5 h period. Eating related psychopathology was assessed using the Eating Disorders Inventory and Eating Attitudes Test. Depressive and obsessional symptoms were measured using the Beck Depressive and Maudsley Obsessive–Compulsive Inventories respectively. The Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire assessed impulsivity. The weight-restored anorexic group exhibited persistent eating-related psychopathology and significant co-morbid symptomatology. There was no difference between long-term weight restored anorexics and controls in their endocrine response toD-fenfluramine. Long-term weight-recovered anorexic subjects continued to exhibit behavioural and attitudinal disturbances characteristic of anorexia nervosa. The results suggest that abnormalities in 5HT activity do not contribute significantly to trait status in anorexia nervosa.
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Foster, J. E., and M. E. Jenkins. "A Schoolgirl with Onset of Anorexia Nervosa during a Concealed Pregnancy." British Journal of Psychiatry 150, no. 4 (April 1987): 551–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.150.4.551.
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In anorexia nervosa, amenorrhoea and endocrine disturbance make pregnancy unlikely while the patient's weight is low. Bulimics may conceive at quite a low weight, and anorexics who have regained weight may become pregnant but typically relapse following delivery (Crisp, 1980). Anorexia has also been reported following termination of pregnancy (Thomas & Harris, 1982). Cases of onset of anorexia nervosa with weight loss during pregnancy are rare in the literature, although there are isolated reports (e.g. Weinfeld et al, 1977; Strimling, 1984). Strimling described a treated anorexic who restarted dieting during pregnancy in response to weight gain before she realised that she was pregnant. We report on a schoolgirl who became pregnant at 14 years, whose anorexia began when she was 5 months pregnant and whose pregnancy was not discovered until she was in labour.
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Bernstein, I. L., E. M. Taylor, and K. L. Bentson. "TNF-induced anorexia and learned food aversions are attenuated by area postrema lesions." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 260, no. 5 (May 1, 1991): R906—R910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1991.260.5.r906.
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Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or cachectin has been proposed as an important mediator of cancer anorexia and cachexia. The present studies examined the extent to which TNF administration generates symptoms similar to those produced by tumor growth. Like the growth of certain tumors, TNF administration was found to be associated with the development of strong aversions to a novel diet. Area postrema lesions were found to significantly attenuate the effects of TNF on intake of a novel diet, a finding previously reported for tumor anorexia. In addition, the anorexic effects of TNF differed considerably as a function of the novelty of the diet. When the available diet was novel, effects of TNF in lowering food intake were substantial, whereas more modest effects were seen when the diet was familiar. These findings provide evidence for parallels between TNF- and tumor-induced anorexias. Nonetheless, these studies also confirm previous observations of the rapid development of tolerance to the anorexic effects of TNF, a finding that is not consistent with a role for TNF as a critical mediator of tumor anorexia.
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Franjić, Siniša. "A Few Words about Bulimia Nervosa." Corpus Journal of Clinical Trails (CJCT) 2, no. 01 (April 16, 2021): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.54026/cjct/1002.
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Bulimia nervosa is an eating disorder that, like anorexia nervosa, is of psychological origin and can have horrible physical consequences. While anorexics simply starve themselves, bulimics “cleanse” themselves of vomiting they have caused themselves or other forms of dealing with extra calories. Bulimics also often use weight loss pills, laxatives and diuretics to lose weight, but also use extensive exercise or fasting. Unlike anorexic people, they are usually of normal build, sometimes even bigger, while in combination with anorexia they are extremely thin. Cleansing can have two purposes: preventing weight gain, and temporarily relieving depression and other negative feelings.
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W. Shands, Kerstin. "Hur mycket plats får kvinnor (ä)ta upp? Mat, rum och kroppshyddor." Tidskrift för genusvetenskap 18, no. 1 (June 17, 2022): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.55870/tgv.v18i1.4657.
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Women's sense of threatened or threatening boundaries, bodily and psychological, are implicated in complaints such as anorexia and bulimia, on the one hand, and agoraphobia and claustrophobia on the other. Like agoraphobia, anorexia is a predominantly female complaint. Affecting around five to ten percent of American women and leading to contemporary death råtes at around 150,000 ayear in America alone (Brumberg), it is reportededly on the increase, and has been so since World War II. Is there some relation between feminism's bid for independence and the rise in anorexia? It is theorized that anorexics, after a period of (futile?) protest and clamoring, succumb to the family's critical attitude and shift strategies in their struggle toward independence: instead, they become anorexics. Possibly, the increase of anorexia after World War II cotdd be related to the transformation of women's situation and the concomitant changes in expectations. This has led some antifeminists, unaware of the history of anorexia, to blame feminism for the rise in anorexia. At the same time, most women in the Western world, in my view, are bulimarexics to some degree, something that is reflected and compounded in women's magazines with their continuous and contradictory parades of feasting and fasting. On one leve), anorexia can be seen as a retreat from the world and a shrinking in space - a centripetal contraction of oneself, perhaps in defense. In its insatiability, bulimia, on the other hand, appears to be anorexia's centrifugal opposite. I do not, however, think of these complaints as opposites. Rather, I think that there is both in anorexia and bulimia, and in bulimarexia, a desire to break out of the boundaried space that is the female body as defined in Western culture: a paradoxical refusal to curb one's voracity. If spaciousness and freedom are interimplicated, as I would like to suggest - open spaces associating to freedom and freedom presupposing space in which one can tnove without restraint - then anorexia, like bulimia and bulimarexia, is a way of requesting more space - hut a differently constituted space.
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Gustini, Gustini, Tintin Sukartini, and Ilya Krisnana. "Nausea-Vomiting and Anorexia in Post-Chemotherapy Patients." Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan "SUARA FORIKES" (Journal of Health Research "Forikes Voice") 10, no. 3 (June 23, 2019): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.33846/sf10315.
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Introduction: Some studies show that post-chemotherapy cancer patients experience nausea vomiting and anorexia, in RSUP Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo also found difficulties with nausea vomiting and anorexia. Aims: To the study was to prevent vomiting of nausea and anorexia in cancer patients after chemotherapy. Methods: 60 post-chemotherapy cancer patients who experienced nausea vomiting and anorexia were included in a crosssectional study. The selected subject fulfills the criteria. Study inclusion: Patients diagnosed with cancer in the Lontara 2 Chemotherapy Room. Patients who have received chemotherapy, adjuvant chemotherapy and additional chemotherapy, are ≥ 21 years old. Nausea and vomiting were measured using the INVR questionnaire and anorexia using a history of anorexia questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. Results: based on the characteristics of respondents nausea and anorexia vomiting distributed 41-50 years, female sex, secondary school education, working as a housewife, cycles 1-4 times. Conclusion: Cancer patients after chemotherapy experience vomiting of nausea and anorexia. Nausea vomiting is caused by the effects of chemotherapy drugs which stimulate the digestive system, causing moderate and severe nausea and anorexia.
Keywords: nausea; vomiting; anorexia; cancer; chemotherapy
ABSTRAK
Pendahuluan: Beberapa studi menunjukkan pasien kanker pasaca kemoterapi mengalami mual muntah dan anoreksia, di RSUP Dr. wahidin Sudirohusodo juga ditemukan mengalami mual muntah dan anoreksia. Tujuan: untuk mengidentifikasi mual muntah dan anoreksia pada pasien kanker pasca kemoterapi. Metode: 60 pasien kanker pasca kemoterapi yang mengalami mual muntah dan anoreksia dilibatkan dalam penelitian crosssectional. Mual muntah dinilai menggunakan kuesioner INVR dan anoreksia menggunakan kuesioner riwayat anoreksia. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Hasil: berdasarkan karakteristik responden yang mengalami mual muntah dan anoreksia mayoritas berusia 41-50 tahun, berjenis kelamin perempuan, berpendidikan sekolah menengah atas, bekerja sebagai IRT, siklus kemoterapi 1-4 kali. Kesimpulan: Mayoritas pasien kanker pasca kemoterapi mengalami mual muntah dan anoreksia. Mual muntah ini terjadi karena efek obat kemoterapi dapat meransang sistem gastrointestinal yang menyebabkan terjadinya mual muntah sedang dan berat serta mengalami anoreksia.
Kata kunci: mual; muntah; anoreksia; kanker; kemoterapi
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Singh, Aatma, Kiran Bains, and Harpreet Kaur. "Progression of anorexia nervosa: An insight into neurological and biological mechanisms influencing the personality patterns of anorexics." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 13, no. 2 (June 5, 2021): 571–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v13i2.2495.
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Anorexia nervosa has emerged as a prominent eating disorder affecting young women. This disorder's fundamental characteristic is an abnormally low weight achieved by severe calorie restriction and refusal to maintain body weight at or above the minimally normal weight for age and height. It is a complex disorder with its origins still not explicitly defined. In anorexic individuals, an imbalance in the molecular signalling and hypothalamic neuropeptides is believed to be significantly responsible for alterations in the biological mechanisms associated with body weight, appetite and energy homeostasis. The imbalance between the genetic systems such as serotonin, dopamine, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, estrogen and their interactions are significantly observed in anorexic as well as recovered anorexic individuals. The dopaminergic pathway is involved in reward mechanisms but its dysfunction might cause weight loss, food aversion, hyperactivity, obsessive compulsive behaviours, distorted body image. An abnormal serotonin function reveals personality traits such as rigidity, inhibition, anxiety, inflexibility, perfectionism and harm avoidance. The Met66 variant of brain derived neurotrophic factor is strongly associated with the development of restricting-type anorexia nervosa. The development of anorexia has been linked to estrogen receptor beta gene variants, which also regulate food intake and states of anxiety and depression.This review discusses the neurobiological dysregulations because of which anorexics tend to have a distinct personality profile characterized by behaviour patterns comprising perfectionism, obsessive-compulsive disorder, harm avoidance, alexithymia, anger suppression, anxiety, rigidity, novelty seeking, anhedonia, depression, impulsivity, substance abuse, self harm etc. Heterogeneities in the characteristic profile are observed based on the subdivisions of anorexia nervosa. The impact of malnutrition has also been scrutinized.
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Warah, Aïda. "Body Image Disturbance in Anorexia Nervosa: Beyond Body Image*." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 34, no. 9 (December 1989): 898–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378903400910.
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In this paper the literature on body image disturbance in anorexic patients is reviewed. After a decade of experimental investigation of body image in anorexia nervosa, where old and new techniques have been used and where a large number of correlations have been identified, what do we really know? The findings have been conflicting but some regularities exist. It is hypothesized that the conflicting results may be related to the presence of different subgroups among anorexics and different types of body image disturbance. Body size estimation is only one dimension of body image perception. likewise, body size overestimation is only one aspect of body image perception. Likewise, body size over-estimation is only one aspect of body image disturbance. Some, but not all anorexics, overestimate their body size, and those who do, seem to have poor prognosis. Body size overestimation is not confined to anorexics. It is not known whether it is a function of a general perceptual/cognitive disorder, but it does seem to be stable over time. The implications of the presence of other psychiatric conditions in anorexic patients are discussed and suggestions for future research and for practice are made.
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Legrand, Dorothée, and Frédéric Briend. "Anorexia and Bodily Intersubjectivity." European Psychologist 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000208.
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One’s experiences of hunger, food, eating, and the body are not only subjective but intersubjective: They involve one’s relation to others. On the basis of this observation, what is proposed here is a conception of anorexia as bodily intersubjective: Anorexia would involve, via the manipulation of food and eating behavior, the transformation of the subject’s body, as a way of impacting her relations to others. The anorexic subject would instrumentalize her eating behavior and bodily shape to address others, thereby putting them in a position to respond to her meaningfully, by manifesting their sensitivity to her desire. Importantly, in this view, anorexia is not positioned on the intersubjective scene by opposition to the bodily and alimentary scene; rather, what is proposed is that anorexic sufferance is intersubjective insofar as it is bodily. After some clinical observations describing how anorexia is bodily intersubjective in a concrete way, an overview allows for consideration of whether this conception of anorexia conflicts with or is supported by the main approaches that are currently influential in this field.
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Starzomska, Małgorzata. "Spektrum postaw wobec śmierci u osób z anoreksją." Kultura i Społeczeństwo 53, no. 1 (March 23, 2009): 185–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/kis.2009.53.1.9.
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Anorexia nervosa is a grave psychiatric illness characterized by a distorted body image which triggers intensive self-starvation and — as a consequence — significantly diminished body weight. It can be fatal: the mortality rate is thought to be between 4% and 20%. The very essence of this eating disorder is a categorical refusal to be cured in conjunction with a profound denial of illness. The most peculiar aspect of anorexia nervosa that may account for the denial of illness and the difficulty patients have in accepting treatment is egosyntonicity. It means that the illness is highly valued by afflicted individuals and it is inextricably linked with their sense of identity. Thus this illness is existential. Some researchers describe anorexia nervosa as suicide, but the anorexic understanding of death seems to be more complicated. If anorexia is, for the patient, an avenue to a worthwhile life, then, giving up anorexia — gaining weight — can mean giving up the reason for living. Therefore the refusal of eating that in another patient might look suicidal, may for the anorexic patient be the only way of life. The article analyses various aspects of anorexic attitudes to death.
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Holmes, Su, Helen Malson, and Joanna Semlyen. "Regulating “untrustworthy patients”: Constructions of “trust” and “distrust” in accounts of inpatient treatment for anorexia." Feminism & Psychology 31, no. 1 (February 2021): 41–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959353520967516.
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Trust has been seen as a lynchpin of therapeutic relationships. Yet due to perceptions that anorexia is one of the most difficult illnesses to treat and that patients are “treatment resistant”, achieving trust between patient and treatment provider may be challenging. This article draws on qualitative data from 14 semi-structured interviews with women who have experience of inpatient treatment for anorexia in order to analyse how trust and distrust figured in treatment contexts. In so doing, the article draws upon feminist approaches which are critical of conceptions of the “devious” “anorexic” and of the clinical discourses within which these constructions are produced. Our analysis suggests a lack of trust shown toward patients in inpatient contexts – particularly a disqualification of “voice” – which has a number of consequences for participants’ subjectivities, including the erosion of self-esteem; demotivation; dropping out/termination of treatment; and triggering experiences of trauma. As such, our analysis raises serious questions about what participants described as routine treatment practices in inpatient treatment for anorexia, and about the serious consequences of constructing “anorexics” as manipulative and untrustworthy.
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Delogu, Anna Maria. "La trama della famiglia anoressica: reti di relazioni e di rappresentazioni." SALUTE E SOCIETÀ, no. 3 (September 2009): 94–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ses2009-003006.
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- Anorexia nervosa is a complex pathology that has been studied through different paradigma (Onnis, 2004; Treasure, Schimdt, van Furth, 2006). The different authors who studied anorexia nervosa seem to agree about the hypothesis of a multi-factors pathogenesis in which a very important role is played by the relational aspects and, specifically, by family relationships, in the beginning and in the going on of this pathology. Nevertheless, Reiss (1989) pointed out we have to consider both practising and represented family, that is the role of family relationships (i.e. observed interactions) and individual representations. The practising family has been studied by systems theory paradigm, which found very typical transactional patterns in anorexic families, such as enmeshment and triangulation (Minuchin et al., 1980; Selvini Palazzoli et al., 1988; 1998). On the other hand, attachment theory studied the represented family and the role of insecure attachment models in psychopathology onset (Bowlby, 1973; Main, 1996). Many studies have underlined the prevalence of insecure attachment models and unresolved attachment status in response to loss or to trauma in anorexic patients and their mothers, pointing out the role of transgenerational transmission (Cole-Detke, Kobak, 1996; Fonagy et al., 1996; Ward et al., 2001; Ammaniti, Mancone, Vismara, 2001; Ramaciotti, Sorbello, Pazzagli, Vismara, Mancone, Pallanti, 2001).Key-words: anorexia nervosa, adolescence, family, relationships, internal working models.Parole-chiave: anoressia nervosa, adolescenza, famiglia, relazioni, modelli operativi interni.
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Lambrou, George I., and Flora Bacopoulou. "Kisspeptin and the “Special Relationship” Between Reproduction and Metabolism: A Computational Approach." Medicinal Chemistry 16, no. 6 (September 7, 2020): 796–811. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573406415666190710182906.
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Background: Kisspeptin is one of the most potent stimulators of GnRH secretion and consequent gonadotropin release from the anterior pituitary. Kisspeptin is considered critical in regulating reproductive function in relation to metabolic cues. Reproductive function is gated by the energy reserves of the individual. Conditions of energy insufficiency, such as Anorexia Nervosa, often disturb reproductive function and fertility. Objective: The aim of this research was to investigate similar or comparable hormonal patterns in kisspeptin mechanics using computational methodology tools. Methods: Twenty-two females with typical or atypical anorexia nervosa and fifteen control females, were recruited from the Center for Adolescent Medicine of the University of Athens. Serum levels of Prolactin (PRL), 17-Hydroxy-Progesterone (17OHPR), Free Triiodothyronine (FT3), Triiodothyronine (T3), Free Thyroxine (FT4), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Estradiol (E2) were measured in patients and controls. Data were modelled computationally in order to find similar or comparable patterns between control and anorexic participants, with respect to kisspeptin. Results: Kisspeptin manifested symmetrical regression plots between controls and anorexics with respect to 17OHPR, LH and FSH, as well as a threshold pattern among controls, typical and atypical anorexics. Conclusions: Kisspeptin seems to participate in the anorexic hormonal milieu through threshold or symmetrical mechanisms.
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Ward, Katie J. "‘I Love you to the Bones’: Constructing the Anorexic Body in ‘Pro-Ana’ Message Boards." Sociological Research Online 12, no. 2 (March 2007): 122–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.1220.
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With reference to an ‘online ethnography’ (Ward, 1999) carried out in the ‘Anagrrl’ [1] pro-anorexic (ana) asynchronous [2] web based community, I explore the radical, underground web-based pro-ana movement. The ‘pro-ana’ movement challenges established biomedical ideas surrounding the treatment of anorexia, based on the ‘normalisation’ of the body shape and weight. For participants of the pro-ana movement, the anorexic condition represents a form of stability and control: a state to be maintained. The group offers non-judgemental support and guidance in managing anorexia. Referring to feminist writers such as Bordo (1993), MacSween (1993) and Brain (2002), it is suggested that feminism enables a conceptualisation of anorexia that prioritises social and cultural discourses, which emphasise the bias in the West towards representations of female beauty focusing on the slim, lean body. Feminist approaches to anorexia have also highlighted the emotional and psychological factors inherent in anorexia and building on this integrated approach I use the data to illustrate the way in which the pro-ana movement enables the emergence of an embodied anorexic ontology and epistemology. It is suggested that the emergence and perpetuation of this group offers a model of ‘being’ and ‘knowing’ that facilitates the emergence of a coherent anorexic subjectivity. This is sustained by the development of an ‘ana-language’ and the formalisation, legitimation and validation of ana rituals and behaviour patterns.
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Bell, Mebbie. "'@ the doctor's office': Pro-anorexia and the medical gaze." Surveillance & Society 6, no. 2 (March 13, 2009): 151–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v6i2.3255.
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The pro-anorexia movement (which advocates eating disordered practices as a legitimate lifestyle and identity choice over the internet) has provoked intense public furor since it emerged in the late 1990s. This concern hinges on the status of anorexia as a disease, situating pro-anorexic discourse as not only diseased but dangerous. A critical feminist and Foucauldian reading of this material analyzes the complex negotiations of medical surveillance undertaken by participants in the movement. Disrupting medical knowledge and usurping the medical gaze, participants produce a virtual clinical space that elides medical authority over anorexia and individual anorexic bodies. By intervening in the pattern of medical gaze-diagnosis-treatment in order to teach individuals how to perform a ‘normal’ body, pro-anorexic discourse exposes both the instability of diagnostic criteria and the limits of medical surveillance.
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Curiel-Levy, Gili, Laura Canetti, Esti Galili-Weisstub, Myrna Milun, Eitan Gur, and Eytan Bachar. "Selflessness in Anorexia Nervosa as Reflected in the Rorschach Comprehensive System." Rorschachiana 33, no. 1 (January 2012): 78–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1192-5604/a000028.
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This study examines the expression of selflessness – the tendency to ignore one’s own needs and serve others’ needs – in Rorschach protocols of women suffering from anorexia nervosa. The protocols of 35 women suffering from anorexia nervosa were compared to 30 protocols of a psychiatric comparison group. A multivariate analysis of variance over five variables (AG, PER, PHR, COP, and GHR) was significant: Anorexic patients showed higher characteristics of selflessness compared to the psychiatric comparison group. These findings contribute to the validation of the Rorschach technique and to the clinical observation of selflessness in anorexic patients, and they emphasize specific characteristics in the treatment of anorexia nervosa patients.
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Zaroda, Przemysław, Paweł Dąda, Paweł Pawlik, Patrycja Niewinna, Michał Żuchowski, Dominika Mańdziuk, Klaudia Kołodziej, Wojciech Kołodziej, Jakub Wawrzkowicz, and Monika Korga. "Hypoglycemia impact on psychiatric symptoms and brain changes in anorexia nervosa." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 69 (May 16, 2024): 48178. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2024.69.48178.
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This study examines the potential impact of hypoglycemia on mental comorbidity in anorexia, comparing it to similar changes in diabetes. Anorexia, characterized by low body weight, is linked to hypoglycemia, possibly affecting mental health. Recurrent hypoglycemia in diabetes leads to mood changes and cognitive impairment. Anorexic individuals may experience deficits in cognitive functioning and psychiatric comorbidities, including affective disorders and anxiety. Imaging studies show structural changes in the brains of both anorexia and diabetes patients, but the direct link between hypoglycemia and psychoorganic changes in anorexia remains inconclusive, warranting further investigation.
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Op Heij, Ine. "Anorexie mentale (Anorexia Nervosa) et haptopsychothérapie." Présence haptonomique N° 5, no. 1 (March 1, 1999): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ph.005.0007.
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Eckert, E. D., K. A. Halmi, P. Marchi, W. Grove, and R. Crosby. "Ten-year follow-up of anorexia nervosa: clinical course and outcome." Psychological Medicine 25, no. 1 (January 1995): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700028166.
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SynopsisThe clinical course and outcome of anorexia nervosa are presented in a 10-year followup study of 76 severely ill females with anorexia nervosa who met specific diagnostic criteria and had participated in a well-documented hospital treatment study. Information was obtained on 100% of the subjects. A comprehensive assessment was made in 93% of the living subjects in specific categories of weight, eating and weight control behaviours, menstrual function, anorexic attitudes, and psychological, sexual, social and vocational adjustment. Five subjects had died, which gives a crude mortality rate of 6·6%. Standardized mortality rates demonstrated an almost 13-fold increase in mortality in the anorexia nervosa subjects. Only eighteen (23·7%) were fully recovered. Sixty-four per cent developed binge-eating at some time during their illness, 57% at least weekly. Twenty-nine (41%) were still bulimic at follow-up. The high frequency and chronicity of the bulimic symptoms plus the high rate of weight relapse (42% during the first year after hospital treatment) suggest that intensive intervention is needed to help anorexics restore and maintain their weight within a normal range and to decrease abnormal eating and weight control behaviours.
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MERCER, J. G., P. I. MITCHELL, K. M. MOAR, A. BISSETT, S. GEISSLER, K. BRUCE, and L. H. CHAPPELL. "Anorexia in rats infected with the nematode, Nippostrongylus brasiliensis: experimental manipulations." Parasitology 120, no. 6 (June 2000): 641–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182099005922.
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Nippostrongylus brasiliensis induces a biphasic anorexia in laboratory rats, the first phase coincident with lung invasion (ca day 2) and the second when the worms mature in the intestine (ca day 8). Using the anthelminthic, mebendazole (MBZ), N. brasiliensis infections of the rat were eliminated between the first and second anorexic episodes. This intervention prevented the expression of the second phase of anorexia. Rats exposed to a second infection with N. brasiliensis, 3 weeks after the primary infection, exhibited only a first phase anorexic response which was not influenced by MBZ termination of the primary infection. The lower cumulative food intake and weight gain of all infected rats after 8 days of infection were accompanied by elevated plasma insulin and, in some individuals, by elevated plasma leptin, compared with uninfected controls and previously-infected MBZ-treated rats. Messenger RNA levels for neuropeptide Y were higher in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus of 8-day infected rats than in recovering MBZ-treated animals. Inoculation of rats with heat-killed N. brasiliensis larvae failed to induce anorexia and did not alter the severity of biphasic anorexia on subsequent injection of viable larvae. The first anorexic episode is therefore dependent upon viable migrating larvae. The second phase of anorexia clearly requires the continuing presence of the parasite beyond the lung phase. Viable migrating larvae are also required to confer ‘resistance’ to reinfection.
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Salter-Venzon, Dawna, and Alan G. Watts. "Site-specific attenuation of food intake but not the latency to eat after hypothalamic injections of neuropeptide Y in dehydrated-anorexic rats." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 297, no. 6 (December 2009): R1813—R1821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00116.2009.
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Anorexia that accompanies cellular dehydration in rats (DE-anorexia) offers a relatively simple model for investigating the functional organization of neural mechanisms that can suppress feeding during dehydration. Previous studies strongly suggest that the inputs that drive ingestive behavior control neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) and lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) remain active during DE-anorexia. Here we examine whether these two regions retain their sensitivity to neuropeptide Y (NPY). NPY is an important component in two major feeding-related inputs from the arcuate nucleus and the hindbrain. We found that intake responses to NPY injections in the LHA and PVH were suppressed in DE-anorexia, but the PVH remained less sensitive to the effects of NPY than the LHA in DE-anorexic animals. Indeed the higher dose of NPY (238 pmol) completely overcame shorter periods of DE-anorexia when injected into the LHA but not the PVH. However, the latency to eat after NPY injections remained unchanged from control animals, regardless of NPY dose, injection location, or intensity of anorexia. Furthermore, the onset and size of the strong and rapidly induced compensatory feeding that follows the return of water to DE-anorexic animals was also unaffected by any NPY injections. These data support the hypothesis that DE-anorexia develops as a consequence of the premature termination of regularly initiated meals, which perhaps involves processes that alter the sensitivity of satiety mechanisms downstream to the PVH and LHA.
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Fichter, M. M., and C. Daser. "Symptomatology, psychosexual development and gender identity in 42 anorexic males." Psychological Medicine 17, no. 2 (May 1987): 409–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329170002496x.
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SynopsisForty-two male patients with an anorexic syndrome were assessed. Twenty-nine of them had a primary anorexia nervosa (most of them also had bulimic symptoms). They were compared with a series of 23 female anorexia nervosa patients. The males scored more highly than female patients on a number of symptoms, but generally more similarities than differences in symptomatology were apparent. Male patients with primary anorexia nervosa also showed several signs of a disturbed psychosexual and gender identity development. The data support the hypothesis that males with atypical gender role behaviour have an increased risk for developing anorexia nervosa or bulimia in adolescence.
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Proctor, Linda, and Stephen Morley. "‘Demand Characteristics' in Body-Size Estimation in Anorexia Nervosa." British Journal of Psychiatry 149, no. 1 (July 1986): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.149.1.113.
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We asked 24 patients with anorexia nervosa and 30 normal controls to estimate their body-size several times, each time using different instructions. The degree of over-estimation was found to vary predictably with the wording of the instructions. Informing the subject that she had made an error without specifying the direction of the error resulted in reduced over-estimation on a subsequent trial, for both anorexics and controls. ‘Internally directed’ instructions were associated with a greater degree of over-estimation than ‘external’ instructions in both groups, but particularly in anorexic subjects. Our results indicate the necessity of controlling the ‘demand characteristics' of such experiments.
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Makwana, Gautam. "The Disappearing Body in Anorexia Nervosa: Observation, Dissension, and Jouissance." Journal of Clinical Psychology and Mental Health 2, no. 1 (October 4, 2023): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.59657/2993-0227.brs.23.010.
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Background: Anorexia nervosa is a prevalent psychopathological illness characterized by anorexia nervosa, where individuals reject the affective-pulsional aspect of the body and focus on its physiological aspects, denying the body's dimension, similar to Ponty's distinction between corpse propre and corps objective. The anorexic subject's body as a dead, desireless entity, rejecting food and language, creating a spiral of pure jouissance, isolating them from the outside world. Aim: The study aims to explore the mind-body connection and the potential for deterioration into psychopathological relationships between the subject and their body. Conclusion: The study explores the opposition between the physical body and the lived body in anorexia, focusing on the weave of past, present, and future, which is rejected by the anorexic subject, leading to death.
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FRANKO, D. L., P. K. KEEL, D. J. DORER, M. A. BLAIS, S. S. DELINSKY, K. T. EDDY, V. CHARAT, R. RENN, and D. B. HERZOG. "What predicts suicide attempts in women with eating disorders?" Psychological Medicine 34, no. 5 (July 2004): 843–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291703001545.
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Background. Suicide is a common cause of death in anorexia nervosa and suicide attempts occur often in both anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. No studies have examined predictors of suicide attempts in a longitudinal study of eating disorders with frequent follow-up intervals. The objective of this study was to determine predictors of serious suicide attempts in women with eating disorders.Method. In a prospective longitudinal study, women diagnosed with either DSM-IV anorexia nervosa (n=136) or bulimia nervosa (n=110) were interviewed and assessed for suicide attempts and suicidal intent every 6–12 months over 8·6 years.Results. Fifteen percent of subjects reported at least one prospective suicide attempt over the course of the study. Significantly more anorexic (22·1%) than bulimic subjects (10·9%) made a suicide attempt. Multivariate analyses indicated that the unique predictors of suicide attempts for anorexia nervosa included the severity of both depressive symptoms and drug use over the course of the study. For bulimia nervosa, a history of drug use disorder at intake and the use of laxatives during the study significantly predicted suicide attempts.Conclusions. Women with anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa are at considerable risk to attempt suicide. Clinicians should be aware of this risk, particularly in anorexic patients with substantial co-morbidity.
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Molfino, Alessio, Maria Ida Amabile, Giovanni Imbimbo, Veronica Rizzo, Federica Pediconi, Carlo Catalano, Alessandra Emiliani, et al. "Association between Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15) Serum Levels, Anorexia and Low Muscle Mass among Cancer Patients." Cancers 13, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13010099.
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The pathophysiology of cancer anorexia is complex and serum biomarkers, including growth and differentiation factor(s) (GDF), may be modulated. We explored the association(s) between GDF-15 serum levels and anorexia and, secondarily, with low muscle mass and body weight loss in cancer patients. We considered gastrointestinal and lung cancer patients (CP) and healthy BMI-matched controls. The FAACT-questionnaire was administered to diagnose anorexia and we calculated the L3-SMI by CT scan to assess low muscularity, setting their cutoff values at the lowest tertile. GDF-15 serum levels were assessed by ELISA. We enrolled 59 CP and 30 controls; among CP, 25 were affected by gastrointestinal and 34 by lung cancer. Anorexia was present in 36% of CP. Gastrointestinal CP resulted more anorexic compared to lung CP (p = 0.0067). Low muscle mass was present in 33.9% of CP and L3-SMI was lower in gastrointestinal compared to lung CP (p = 0.049). The GDF-15 levels were higher in CP vs. controls (p = 0.00016), as well as in anorexic vs. non-anorexic CP (p = 0.005) and vs. controls (p < 0.0001). Gastrointestinal CP showed higher GDF-15 levels vs. lung CP (p = 0.0004). No difference was found in GDF-15 between CP with low muscle mass and those with moderate/high muscularity and between patients with body weight loss and those with stable weight. Our data support the involvement of GDF-15 in the pathogenesis of cancer anorexia. The mechanisms of action of GDF-15 in cancer should be further clarified also regarding the changes in muscularity.
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Bracco, L. "Preventive medicine for anorexia of female adolescent." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1853.
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IntroductionAnorexia of females adolescents has a high mortality rate and heavy health, psychological, family consequences even in case of survival.ObjectivesTo reduce the mortality rate and the consequences of anorexia by providing a theory that allows us to have early or even predictive diagnosisMethods25 years ago I found blood type (O, A, B, AB) difference between an anorexic patient and her mother. Pregnancy had been with placental detachment and birth was traumatic, presumed causes of a mother/daughter blood contact. From that day on, I checked, in the case of Anorexia of the Female Adolescent, the blood types of the anorexic girl and her mother.ResultsIn my collection of data (more than 100 cases in 25 years): only the girls who have a different blood type (O, A, B, AB) from the mother are anorexic and from the patient’s history, we could think of a mother/daughter blood contact during the pregnancy. There are no exceptions in my data. My new theory is that Anorexia of the Female Adolescent, in addition to the girl’s psychological causes, needs a “conditio sine qua non” (a necessary but not sufficient condition): Different mother/daughter blood types (O,A,B,AB) and traumatic contact between the two blood types during pregnancy and/or birth”.ConclusionsMy theory facilitates early diagnosis (Preventive Medicine) by limiting observation, for Anorexia risk, to only daughters with a different blood type than that of the mother. Recognizing this “conditio sine qua non” for Anorexia of the Female Adolescent allows us an early diagnosis and a predictive hypothesis.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
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Tonhajzerova, Ingrid, Andrea Mestanikova, Alexander Jurko, Marian Grendar, Peter Langer, Igor Ondrejka, Tomas Jurko, Igor Hrtanek, Dana Cesnekova, and Michal Mestanik. "Arterial stiffness and haemodynamic regulation in adolescent anorexia nervosa versus obesity." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 45, no. 1 (January 2020): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2018-0867.
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Cardiovascular complications contribute to higher morbidity and mortality in patients with anorexia nervosa. We aimed to study biomarkers of cardiovascular risk in anorexic, normal-weight, and obese adolescents with focus on complex cardiovascular autonomic regulation and early arteriosclerotic damage. We examined 20 adolescent girls with anorexia nervosa, 20 obese girls, and 20 healthy normal-weight controls. Collected data: body composition analysis, 5 min recordings of R–R intervals and beat-to-beat blood pressure (BP), and arterial stiffness evaluated using cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI). Evaluated parameters: beat-to-beat heart rate and BP variability, haemodynamic parameters (total peripheral resistance (TPR) cardiac output), CAVI, and anthropometric indices, including novel body roundness index (BRI). Adolescents with anorexia nervosa had increased CAVI associated with lower arterial constriction indexed by low-frequency band of BP variability compared with normal-weight peers (p = 0.03, p = 0.04, respectively) and obese adolescents (p < 0.01, p = 0.01, respectively). After normalization of CAVI and TPR by BRI, the relationship between CAVI and TPR was significant for all groups with the highest slope in the anorexia nervosa group (R2 = 0.724, p < 0.01). This is the first study revealing early arteriosclerotic damage in anorexic girls with increased CAVI. Complex analysis of cardiovascular autonomic regulation, and early arteriosclerotic, hemodynamic, and anthropometric changes in spectrum anorexia nervosa, normal weight, and obesity could help to understand the mechanisms of increased cardiovascular risk in malnutrition. Novelty Girls with anorexia nervosa showed signs of early arteriosclerotic damage indexed by CAVI. Insufficient sympathetic cardiovascular control was found already in adolescents with anorexia nervosa. The effect of body composition on CAVI was best predicted by novel body roundness index.
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Mondraty, Naresh, C. Laird Birmingham, Stephen Touyz, Viktoria Sundakov, Lucy Chapman, and Pierre Beumont. "Randomized Controlled Trial of Olanzapine in the Treatment of Cognitions in Anorexia Nervosa." Australasian Psychiatry 13, no. 1 (March 2005): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1665.2004.02154.x.
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Objective: Recovery from anorexia nervosa is confounded by intrusive anorec-tic cognitions and rituals. It has been observed that olanzapine, an atypical antipsychotic, can reduce this anorexic rumination. A pilot study was designed to test the effectiveness of olanzapine in this role. Methods: A randomized trial of olanzapine versus chlorpromazine, with anorexic rumination as the primary outcome, was conducted. Of the 26 patients who presented, 15 were randomized in a balanced block design, eight to olanzapine and seven to chlorpromazine. Results: Only the olanzapine group had a significant reduction in the degree of rumination. Conclusion: Olanzapine may be of benefit in anorexia nervosa by causing a reduction in anorexic rumination.
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Arsic, Branka. "The Experimental Ordinary: Deleuze on Eating and Anorexic Elegance." Deleuze Studies 2, Suppl (December 2008): 34–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/e1750224108000354.
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The paper discusses Deleuze's concept of the feminine through exploration of the questions of eating, cooking, and specifically anorexia, as well as an ‘anorexic relation’ to fashion and dressing. It argues that anorexia should be understood as a micro-political experimentation in fashioning one's own body on its flight to becoming woman. In accordance with Deleuze's ontology of the surface, the anorexic body can be seen as the invention of the BWO that forms an assemblage with clothes and, in so becoming different, invents for itself different desires.
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Pugh, Matthew, and Glenn Waller. "Understanding the ‘Anorexic Voice’ in Anorexia Nervosa." Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy 24, no. 3 (July 20, 2016): 670–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2034.
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North, Clive, Simon Gowers, and Victoria Byram. "Family Functioning in Adolescent Anorexia Nervosa." British Journal of Psychiatry 167, no. 5 (November 1995): 673–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.167.5.673.
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BackgroundDifficulties in family functioning have been noted since early descriptions of anorexia nervosa and may be of importance aetiologically. Previous studies have a number of methodological problems.MethodThirty-five anorexic adolescents were age/sex matched with psychiatric and community controls. A diagnostic interview and a questionnaire, the Family Assessment Device (FAD) were administered to control subjects and their mothers. Anorexic families only received the McMaster Structured Interview of Family Functioning.ResultsMultivariate analyses of FAD scores showed pathological ratings for psychiatric control but not anorexic families, compared with community controls. By contrast objective ratings revealed marked dysfunction in anorexic families (greater in the purging subgroup).ConclusionFamily functioning in anorexic families is normal by self-report but not by an objective measure. Anorexic families in the purging subgroup appear most dysfunctional.
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Molfino, Alessio, Carmen Gallicchio, Giovanni Imbimbo, Michele Melena, Silvia Antonini, Antonietta Gigante, and Maurizio Muscaritoli. "Evaluation of Anorexia in Cancer and Its Association with Autonomic Nervous System Activity Assessed by Heart Rate Variability." Nutrients 15, no. 23 (November 28, 2023): 4936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15234936.
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Alterations in the central nervous system in cancer patients are pivotal in determining appetite dysregulation and body weight loss (BWL). Autonomic nervous system activity was tested by measuring heart rate variability (HRV) in cancer patients presenting with anorexia. We considered inpatients with different types of cancer and investigated anorexia using their FAACT scores. HRV was evaluated by a three-channel Holter ECG. The domains of low frequencies (LF, sympathetic activity) and high frequencies (HF, parasympathetic activity) were calculated. Also, SDNN (autonomic activity) and RMSSD (parasympathetic activity) were assessed. We enrolled 56 patients with cancer and 23 controls. In cancer patients, RMSSD and SDNN were lower than in controls (p < 0.001 and p = 0.009). Sympathetic activity (LF nu) was lower in cancer patients than in controls (p = 0.023), including sympathovagal balance (LF/HF nu ratio) (p = 0.025). RMSSD was reduced in anorexic (p < 0.001) and non-anorexic (p = 0.003) cancer patients compared to controls. The SDNN was lower in anorexic cancer patients than in non-anorexic cancer patients (p = 0.025), and it was lower in anorexic cancer patients than in controls (p = 0.001). LF nu was lower in anorexic cancer patients than in controls (p = 0.015), as was LF/HF (p = 0.031). SDNN was negatively correlated with BWL in the cancer group (rho = −0.40; p = 0.007). Our data support the hypothesis that autonomic nervous system dysregulation exists in patients with cancer presenting with anorexia, with implications for its diagnosis and treatment.
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Lee, Su-jung, Jeong-been Ha, Ji-soo Yang, and Jae-hwan Lew. "A Case Report on the Effects of Gamisachil-tang on an Anorexic Patient with Depression." Journal of Internal Korean Medicine 42, no. 5 (October 30, 2021): 793–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.22246/jikm.2021.42.5.793.
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Objectives: This study examined the effects of <i>Gamisachil-tang</i> on an anorexic patient with depression.Methods: A patient suffering from anorexia and depression was treated with Korean herbal medicine (<i>Gamisachil-tang</i>) for 14 days. To evaluate the therapeutic effect, we measured the daily food intake of the patient and used the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for anorexia.Results: Following treatment, both the patient’s daily food intake of the patient and VAS score for anorexia had improved.Conclusion: These results suggest that <i>Gamisachil-tang</i> has a beneficial effect on both anorexia and depression.
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Robinson, P. H. "Perceptivity and Paraceptivity During Measurement of Gastric Emptying in Anorexia and Bulimia Nervosa." British Journal of Psychiatry 154, no. 3 (March 1989): 400–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.154.3.400.
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Gastric emptying of a mixed meal was measured in 22 patients with anorexia nervosa, ten with bulimia nervosa and ten controls. Ratings on a visual analogue scale (VAS) were made during the test. Patients with anorexia nervosa felt fuller and less hungry than controls, although satiety was not related to gastric emptying rate. Controls showed a correlation of about 0.6 between gastric contents and reported hunger and satiety. Patients with anorexia nervosa had significantly lower correlations between gastric contents and hunger, but normal correlations with fullness. Significant correlations were often observed between gastric contents and symptoms of eating disorder in both anorexic and bulimic groups, but not in controls.
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Lock, Andrew, David Epston, and Richard Maisel. "Countering that which is called anorexia." Narrative Inquiry 14, no. 2 (December 31, 2004): 275–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ni.14.2.06loc.
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In our dominant discourses, anorexia and bulimia are identified with those persons suffering from their effects. Thus a person is anorexic or bulimic. By contrast, narrative therapists conceive of anorexia and bulimia as separate from the person. Consequently the problem, and the person's relationship with it, rather than the person themselves, can be recognised as “the problem”. Anorexia and bulimia may then be regarded as having “voices” of their own, which act as discursive parasites that draw a deal of their sustenance from the dominant discourses in society that are subscribed to by those they attack. Once the problem is divorced from the person, then those attacked by these parasites can, through therapeutic conversations, be helped to find alternative discourse resources that assist them in gaining power to resist these parasitic voices. (Narrative Therapy, Anorexia, Bulimia, Counter-Narratives, Discourse Resources)
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Ropelle, Eduardo R., José R. Pauli, Karina G. Zecchin, Mirian Ueno, Cláudio T. de Souza, Joseane Morari, Marcel C. Faria, Lício A. Velloso, Mario J. A. Saad, and José B. C. Carvalheira. "A Central Role for Neuronal Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase in Cancer-Induced Anorexia." Endocrinology 148, no. 11 (November 1, 2007): 5220–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2007-0381.
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The pathogenesis of cancer anorexia is multifactorial and associated with disturbances of the central physiological mechanisms controlling food intake. However, the neurochemical mechanisms responsible for cancer-induced anorexia are unclear. Here we show that chronic infusion of 5-amino-4imidazolecarboxamide-riboside into the third cerebral ventricle and a chronic peripheral injection of 2 deoxy-d-glucose promotes hypothalamic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, increases food intake, and prolongs the survival of anorexic tumor-bearing (TB) rats. In parallel, the pharmacological activation of hypothalamic AMPK in TB animals markedly reduced the hypothalamic production of inducible nitric oxide synthase, IL-1β, and TNF-α and modulated the expression of proopiomelanocortin, a hypothalamic neuropeptide that is involved in the control of energy homeostasis. Furthermore, the daily oral and intracerebroventricular treatment with biguanide antidiabetic drug metformin also induced AMPK phosphorylation in the central nervous system and increased food intake and life span in anorexic TB rats. Collectively, the findings of this study suggest that hypothalamic AMPK activation reverses cancer anorexia by inhibiting the production of proinflammatory molecules and controlling the neuropeptide expression in the hypothalamus, reflecting in a prolonged life span in TB rats. Thus, our data indicate that hypothalamic AMPK activation presents an attractive opportunity for the treatment of cancer-induced anorexia.
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Kim, Sara S. "Role of Fluoxetine in Anorexia Nervosa." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 37, no. 6 (June 2003): 890–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1c362.
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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of fluoxetine in the treatment of anorexia nervosa. DATA SOURCES: Literature obtained through searching MEDLINE (1966–January 2003). DATA SYNTHESIS: Studies conducted on the efficacy of fluoxetine in treating anorexia nervosa have conflicting results. Study design and methodology should be carefully evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: Fluoxetine played a role in the reduction of symptoms of obsessive–compulsive disorder and depression in anorexic patients. While psychotherapy, nutritional therapy, and behavioral therapy should be the mainstays of treatment, fluoxetine should be considered as an option to prevent relapse or to treat associated symptoms of anorexia nervosa following adequate weight restoration as a part of maintenance therapy and not as a primary or acute therapy. Although fluoxetine appears to be promising for the treatment of patients with anorexia nervosa, further studies need to be performed with a larger sample size and/or better design.
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Reyes-Haro, Daniel, Francisco Emmanuel Labrada-Moncada, Durairaj Ragu Varman, Janina Krüger, Teresa Morales, Ricardo Miledi, and Ataúlfo Martínez-Torres. "Anorexia Reduces GFAP+ Cell Density in the Rat Hippocampus." Neural Plasticity 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2426413.
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Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder observed primarily in young women. The neurobiology of the disorder is unknown but recently magnetic resonance imaging showed a volume reduction of the hippocampus in anorexic patients. Dehydration-induced anorexia (DIA) is a murine model that mimics core features of this disorder, including severe weight loss due to voluntary reduction in food intake. The energy supply to the brain is mediated by astrocytes, but whether their density is compromised by anorexia is unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to estimate GFAP+ cell density in the main regions of the hippocampus (CA1, CA2, CA3, and dentate gyrus) in the DIA model. Our results showed that GFAP+ cell density was significantly reduced (~20%) in all regions of the hippocampus, except in CA1. Interestingly, DIA significantly reduced the GFAP+ cells/nuclei ratio in CA2 (−23%) and dentate gyrus (−48%). The reduction of GFAP+ cell density was in agreement with a lower expression of GFAP protein. Additionally, anorexia increased the expression of the intermediate filaments vimentin and nestin. Accordingly, anorexia increased the number of reactive astrocytes in CA2 and dentate gyrus more than twofold. We conclude that anorexia reduces the hippocampal GFAP+ cell density and increases vimentin and nestin expression.
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Armanini, D., P. Spinella, M. Simoncini, A. Basso, S. Zovato, GB Pozzan, CB De Palo, G. Bucciante, and I. Karbowiak. "Regulation of corticosteroid receptors in patients with anorexia nervosa and Cushing's syndrome." Journal of Endocrinology 158, no. 3 (September 1, 1998): 435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1580435.
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We have studied 16 patients with anorexia nervosa (11 with a stabilised weight loss and 5 in the weight-losing phase), 11 healthy controls, and 10 patients with Cushing's syndrome, by measuring plasma cortisol (by enzyme-immunoassay), ACTH (by RIA), corticosteroid (Type I-mineralocorticoid and Type II-glucocorticoid) receptors in mononuclear leukocytes (by radio-receptor assay), and lymphocyte subpopulations (by cytofluorimetry). In anorexic patients with a stabilised weight loss and in Cushing's syndrome the mean value of both Type I and Type II corticosteroid receptors in mononuclear leukocytes was significantly lower than in controls. The correlation between Type II receptors and plasma cortisol was inverse in stabilised anorexia nervosa and in Cushing's syndrome, and direct in healthy controls. Anorexic patients in the weight-losing phase showed a significant increase in plasma cortisol levels and a normal number of Type II receptors. From these results we hypothesise that in anorexia nervosa there is a progression from an increase in plasma cortisol in the weight-losing phase, to a concomitant decrease in Type II receptors when the disease is stabilised.
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Doba, Karyn, Laurent Pezard, Annick Lesne, Jean Vignau, Véronique Christophe, and Jean-Louis Nandrino. "Dynamics of Emotional Expression in Autobiographic Speech of Patients with Anorexia Nervosa." Psychological Reports 101, no. 1 (August 2007): 237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.101.1.237-249.
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Emotional disturbances in persons with anorexia nervosa have mainly been documented using static descriptions. This study presents the temporal organisation of emotional expression in autobiographical speech of anorexic patients and thereby provides a first attempt to quantify the dynamics of emotions in patients' speech. The temporal pattern of emotional expression for persons with anorexia nervosa was studied after transforming the autobiographical narratives of 14 patients and 13 matched controls into symbolic sequences of positive, negative, and neutral emotional expressions. These symbolic sequences of emotional states and silences were analyzed using static and dynamic indices. Static indices showed that patients with anorexia nervosa expressed more negative emotions and fewer neutral states than control participants. Dynamic indices showed in patients' speech a cycle of negative emotions and silence. These results showed specific dynamics of emotional expression in persons with anorexia nervosa characterised by the presence of negative emotional perseveration. The possible clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
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García-Alba, Carmen. "Anorexia and Depression: Depressive Comorbidity in Anorexic Adolescents." Spanish Journal of Psychology 7, no. 1 (May 2004): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s113874160000473x.
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Frequently, depression is a concomitant pathology in anorexia nervosa. To verify this, we carried out a comparative case/control study with 50 anorexic patients, restricting-type (ANP), 50 depressed patients (DP) and 50 non-patients (NP), aged between 13 and 16. We used the Rorschach Test and the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and compared the results to parent's observations collected from the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Results showed two clearly different groups among participants: ANP with depression (36%) and ANP without depression (64%). This seems to indicate that depression is not a core element in anorexic disorders. However, we also observed a significant increase in the MMPI scale 2, which was probably related to starvation and weight loss. We confirmed the absence of general anxiety in the ANP group and obtained differences between depressive symptoms and those derived from coping deficit disorders. The discussion emphasizes the importance of using several tests to reduce bias in results and conclusions.
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Ghadirian, A. M., F. Engelsmann, P. Leichner, and M. Marshall. "Prevalence of Psychosomatic and Other Medical Illnesses in Anorexic and Bulimic Patients." Behavioural Neurology 6, no. 3 (1993): 123–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/1993/356914.
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The occurrence of psychosomatic disorders (PSD) in patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa has rarely been investigated. We examined the prevalence of four psychosomatic disorders [peptic ulcer (PU), bronchial asthma (BA), neurodermatitis (ND), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA)] in patients consecutively admitted to an eating disorders (ED) program. Responses to a validated questionnaire and clinical file information were obtained from 152 patients, 60% of whom were bulimic and 40% were anorexic. The average age of the patients was 27.5 years and all but two patients were female. There was a higher life-time prevalence of the psychosomatic disorders among anorexics compared with bulimic patients, except for RA. PU and BA were reported by 10% of anorexics compared with 7.6% and 8.7%, respectively, by bulimic patients. RA was rare in both anorexic (1.6%) and bulimic patients (5.4%). The young age of the patients under study was to be considered limiting the life-time prevalence. The study contains epidemiological data on the prevalence of other medical illnesses in ED patients as well as the prevalence of PSD and eating disorders in their families.
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Yellowlees, A. J. "Anorexia and Bulimia in Anorexia Nervosa." British Journal of Psychiatry 146, no. 6 (June 1985): 648–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.146.6.648.
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SummarySeventeen fasting patients with anorexia nervosa and 15 who also binged were compared in terms of their psychosocial functioning and associated psychiatric symptomatology, using the Delusions Symptoms and States Inventory (Foulds & Bedford, 1975). Both groups scored very highly on the state of anxiety, depression, and elation sets of the DSSI, but less highly on the compulsive and ruminative symptoms sets and on the phobic dissociative and conversion symptom sets. The bingeing anorexic group was significantly older and heavier than the fasting group and experienced more feelings of self-harm and guilt. The bingeing group reported sexual interference during childhood, and currently experienced a desire to vomit during sexual activity to a significantly greater degree than the fasting group.
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Rutherford, J., and G. F. M. Russell. "Anorexia Nervosa and Baby Gazing." British Journal of Psychiatry 156, no. 6 (June 1990): 898–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.156.6.898.
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The uncommon behaviour of baby gazing is described in a patient who had also suffered three episodes of anorexia nervosa. The baby gazing responded to joint therapeutic interviews leading to the patient and her husband resolving their different views about having a family and the patient becoming pregnant. Even then there was a minor recurrence of anorexic behaviour which yielded to treatment.
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Yager, Joel, Cynthia A. Hatton, and Lawrence Ma. "Anorexia Nervosa in a Woman Totally Blind Since the Age of Two." British Journal of Psychiatry 149, no. 4 (October 1986): 506–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.149.4.506.
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A 28 year-old woman, blind since the age of two, had become anorexic at 21. She had eating problems as a child, and weight preoccupation from her teens onwards. Psychiatric admission with other anorexic patients preceded the illness. Inability to see oneself does not pretect against anorexia nervosa.
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Widayati, Dhina, Sulistyowati Ariningsih, and Muhammad Taukhid. "Saline Solution Oral Hygiene dalam Meningkatkan Nafsu Makan Pasien Anoreksia." Indonesian Journal of Health Science 13, no. 1 (June 28, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32528/ijhs.v13i1.4902.
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ABSTRACT Background and Aim : Anorexia can be caused by symptoms of disease or disorders / conditions in the digestive system. To overcome the problem in anorexia that is by examining the cause of decreased or loss of appetite,where the problem of discomfort in the oral cavity can be done oral hygiene with salt water rinse.Oral hygiene is an action to clean and refresh the mouth to eat and avoid pathogenic microfloral. This research aims to determine the effect of salt solution rinses on appetite in anorexia patients at Amelia Pare Hospital. Methods : The research design used was Pre Experiment Design with one group pre-post design approach. The population in this research were all patients with anorexia who were hospitalized at Amelia Hospital. Research time was 15-29 February 2020. The sampling technique was done by accidental sampling, as many as 30 respondents. The research instrument was a questionnaire and observation sheet, the statistical test used was the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. Results : the identification of appetite in anorexic patients before being given the majority of salt water rinse or more than half of respondents (53.3%) was in a pretty bad criterion. While the results of the identification of appetite in anorexic patients after being given salt water rinses showed the majority or almost half of respondents (46.7%) were in pretty good criteria. Conclusion : Based on the Wilcoxon signed rank test, p value =0,001or p α which means there is an effect of salt water rinse on increasing appetite in anorexia patients. Where salt contains sodium chloride which is naturally osmotic which works to absorb fluids in tissues or cells and can make bases, there by increasing pH in the mouth which can limit the amount of bacterialgrowth. Besides salt also contains water moleculer that are isotonicand do not irritate mucous membranes. This research is expected to be a reference for further research in patients who experience discomfort in the oral cavity. Keywords : oral hygiene, Salt solution, Appetite, Anorexia
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Moskowitz, Lindsay, and Eric Weiselberg. "Anorexia Nervosa/Atypical Anorexia Nervosa." Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care 47, no. 4 (April 2017): 70–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cppeds.2017.02.003.
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