Relevant bibliographies by topics / Anomalous process

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Anomalous process'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Anomalous process"

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MEHTA, AK, and R. RAVIKUMAR. "ANOMALOUS ELONGATION OF STYLOID PROCESS." Medical Journal Armed Forces India 56, no. 3 (July 2000): 248–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-1237(17)30182-x.

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Wu, Renguang, and Zhuoqi He. "Two Distinctive Processes for Abnormal Spring to Summer Transition over the South China Sea." Journal of Climate 30, no. 23 (December 2017): 9665–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-17-0215.1.

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The period from April to June signifies the transition from spring to summer over the South China Sea (SCS). The present study documents two distinct processes for abnormal spring to summer transition over the SCS. One process is related to large-scale sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the tropical Indo-Pacific region. During spring of La Niña decaying years, negative SST anomalies in the equatorial central Pacific (ECP) and the southwestern tropical Indian Ocean (TIO) coexist with positive SST anomalies in the tropical western North Pacific. Negative ECP SST anomalies force an anomalous Walker circulation, negative southwestern TIO SST anomalies induce anomalous cross-equatorial flows from there, and positive tropical western North Pacific SST anomalies produce a Rossby wave–type response to the west. Together, they contribute to enhanced convection and an anomalous lower-level cyclone over the SCS, leading to an advanced transition to summer there. The other process is related to regional air–sea interactions around the Maritime Continent. Preceding positive ECP SST anomalies induce anomalous descent around the Maritime Continent, leading to SST increase in the SCS and southeast TIO. An enhanced convection region moves eastward over the south TIO during spring and reaches the area northwest of Australia in May. This enhances descent over the SCS via an anomalous cross-equatorial overturning circulation and contributes to further warming in the SCS. The SST warming in turn induces convection over the SCS, leading to an accelerated transition to summer. Analysis shows that the above two processes are equally important during 1979–2015.
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Hannah, Torben. "The anomalous process to two loops." Nuclear Physics B 593, no. 3 (January 2001): 577–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0550-3213(00)00641-6.

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Wada, H., T. Mori, M. Shiga, H. Aruga Katori, M. I. Bartashevich, and T. Goto. "Anomalous magnetization process of Er1−xLuxCo2." Physica B: Condensed Matter 201 (July 1994): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4526(94)91068-5.

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Dudley, J., and B. Chambers. "ANOMALOUS RESPONSE IN THE HALIFAX PROCESS." Water and Environment Journal 17, no. 3 (August 2003): 168–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2003.tb00456.x.

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Sun, Yue, and Haishan Chen. "Atmospheric Circulation Anomalies and Key Physical Processes behind Two Categories of Anomalous Eurasian Spring Snowmelt." Journal of Hydrometeorology 24, no. 8 (August 2023): 1349–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-23-0010.1.

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Abstract Eurasian spring snowmelt plays an important role in the subsequent climate and hydrological cycle, however, the understanding of snowmelt itself and its causes remains insufficient. This study explored the basic characteristics of spring snowmelt in the eastern Europe–western Siberia (EEWS) region by classifying snowmelt anomalies into two categories based on the different factors that dominate spring snowmelt, and then investigated the associated atmospheric circulation anomalies and local physical processes. The first category of anomalous snowmelt (category 1) is controlled by both the initial snow mass and the later snowmelt process, while the second category of anomalous snowmelt (category 2) is mainly linked to the later snowmelt process. Specifically, category 1 is characterized by an anomalous trough in EEWS in winter, where water vapor transported and converged, accompanied by anomalous upward motion, which promotes snowfall and snow accumulation, providing initial conditions conducive to snowmelt. In April, this region is controlled by an anomalous ridge, with significant warm advection anomalies and subsidence promoting surface warming, thereby accelerating snow melting. In contrast, the winter circulation anomalies are insignificant in category 2, while the anomalous ridge in April is stronger than in category 1, accompanied by more intense snowmelt processes. In addition, from the surface energy balance perspective, atmospheric downward sensible heat transport is an important factor influencing the anomalous snowmelt in category 1, while shortwave radiation plays a secondary role. Conversely, the snowmelt in category 2 is dominated by shortwave radiation forcing, but the sensible heat effect is slightly weaker. Significance Statement Eurasian spring snowmelt significantly impacts the subsequent climate and hydrological cycle, but the understanding of snowmelt itself and its causes is still inadequate. The purpose of this study is to explore the monthly evolution of atmospheric circulation associated with anomalous snowmelt and its local physical processes associated by categorizing them based on snowmelt characteristics. Category 1 is jointly affected by winter snow accumulation and later warming, while category 2 is dominated by strong snowmelt process in late spring. These two categories are accompanied by different winter and spring circulation configurations. Our results provide a basis for further investigation of snowmelt precursor signals.
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van der Aalst, W. M. P., and A. K. A. de Medeiros. "Process Mining and Security: Detecting Anomalous Process Executions and Checking Process Conformance." Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science 121 (February 2005): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.entcs.2004.10.013.

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Trirat, Patara, Youngeun Nam, Taeyoon Kim, and Jae-Gil Lee. "AnoViz: A Visual Inspection Tool of Anomalies in Multivariate Time Series." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, no. 13 (June 26, 2023): 16488–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i13.27088.

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This paper presents AnoViz, a novel visualization tool of anomalies in multivariate time series, to support domain experts and data scientists in understanding anomalous instances in their systems. AnoViz provides an overall summary of time series as well as detailed visualizations of relevant detected anomalies in both query and stream modes, rendering near real-time visual analysis available. Here, we show that AnoViz streamlines the process of finding a potential cause of an anomaly with a deeper analysis of anomalous instances, giving explainability to any anomaly detector.
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Pithwa, Yogesh Kishorkant. "Anomalous Cervical Spinous Process Leading to Myelopathy." Spine 40, no. 20 (October 2015): E1117—E1119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/brs.0000000000001088.

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Arkashov, N. S., and V. A. Seleznev. "Energy Characteristics of the Anomalous Diffusion Process." Theoretical and Mathematical Physics 199, no. 3 (June 2019): 894–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0040577919060096.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Anomalous process"

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Slifko, Matthew D. "The Cauchy-Net Mixture Model for Clustering with Anomalous Data." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/93576.

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We live in the data explosion era. The unprecedented amount of data offers a potential wealth of knowledge but also brings about concerns regarding ethical collection and usage. Mistakes stemming from anomalous data have the potential for severe, real-world consequences, such as when building prediction models for housing prices. To combat anomalies, we develop the Cauchy-Net Mixture Model (CNMM). The CNMM is a flexible Bayesian nonparametric tool that employs a mixture between a Dirichlet Process Mixture Model (DPMM) and a Cauchy distributed component, which we call the Cauchy-Net (CN). Each portion of the model offers benefits, as the DPMM eliminates the limitation of requiring a fixed number of a components and the CN captures observations that do not belong to the well-defined components by leveraging its heavy tails. Through isolating the anomalous observations in a single component, we simultaneously identify the observations in the net as warranting further inspection and prevent them from interfering with the formation of the remaining components. The result is a framework that allows for simultaneously clustering observations and making predictions in the face of the anomalous data. We demonstrate the usefulness of the CNMM in a variety of experimental situations and apply the model for predicting housing prices in Fairfax County, Virginia.
Doctor of Philosophy
We live in the data explosion era. The unprecedented amount of data offers a potential wealth of knowledge but also brings about concerns regarding ethical collection and usage. Mistakes stemming from anomalous data have the potential for severe, real-world consequences, such as when building prediction models for housing prices. To combat anomalies, we develop the Cauchy-Net Mixture Model (CNMM). The CNMM is a flexible tool for identifying and isolating the anomalies, while simultaneously discovering cluster structure and making predictions among the nonanomalous observations. The result is a framework that allows for simultaneously clustering and predicting in the face of the anomalous data. We demonstrate the usefulness of the CNMM in a variety of experimental situations and apply the model for predicting housing prices in Fairfax County, Virginia.
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Barnardo, Twilight. "Time resolved anomalous small angle X-ray scattering of the sol-gel process." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/17191ae6-e038-4c50-b380-8f4d227791a8.

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This investigation employs Anomalous Small Angle X-ray Scattering (ASAXS), and further expands the technique for conducting time resolved experiments within synchrotron facilities. ASAXS utilises the absorption effects of a given element as photon energies approach an absorption edge, and is used to extract partial scattering functions of the individual species within a composite material. In situ ASAXS is used to explore and understand the complex reactions in sol gel processing. The gelation process for zirconia, yttria stabilised zirconia (YSZ), YSZ and zirconia in silica, and zinc-silica systems are observed using in situ ASAXS across the zirconia and zinc absorption edges respectively. A new technique of high temperature time resolved double ASAXS, which explores two absorption edges in a single experiment, has also been employed to investigate phase changes during the sintering of YSZ and YSZ in silica. A computational model for ASAXS is also proposed, which can be used as a tool for data analysis. It is shown that monochromator resolution induces an uncertainty into the correct values of the coefficients - used to extract scattering information from individual species within a composite material. The model suggests methods to reduce this uncertainty in order to converge on the correct solution. New techniques for future time resolved ASAXS experiments are also presented. Time resolved ASAXS of the gelation process reveals contrast in the resonant term for sol-gels containing zirconia. The profile of which is independent of the relative concentrations of yttria and silica. It is proposed that the zirconia is being fully integrated into the gel network to form zirconia-silica chains. In comparison, the zinc systems did not reveal this effect, and instead display contrast in both the resonant and cross terms, implying a gel network is forming at the exclusion of zinc. High temperature in situ double ASAXS of the YSZ materials reveals the nucleation of nano zirconia at temperatures close to 400ºC. The nano crystals grow to eventually incorporate yttria, preserving the zirconia in the cubic and tetragonal phases. Inhomogeneities are revealed during crystal growth; caused by the mixed phase states of zirconia and YSZ present in the material. It is also shown that the presence of a silica matrix delays the growth of these crystals until a temperature of 780 ºC is reached. Samples with high concentrations of yttria also reveal an additional feature beyond 900ºC indicating a saturation point for cubic YSZ formation.
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Ryklina, Tatiana. "The role of anomalous phenomena in the therapeutic process : an exploration of counselling psychologists' experience." Thesis, University of Roehampton, 2012. https://pure.roehampton.ac.uk/portal/en/studentthesis/the-role-of-anomalous-phenomena-in-the-therapeutic-process(7a025bd0-3818-4f60-a461-ba88e22e35d5).html.

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The main focus of this research was to explore how counselling psychologists experience what that they cannot understand in the therapeutic process. The study focuses on how counselling psychologists make sense of and manage these experiences, as well as the role such experiences play in therapy. Although the existence of such occurrences are acknowledged in the foundations of many therapeutic approaches (Bion, 1970; Bugental, 1990; Freud 1915; Jung, 1923; Maslow, 1971; Ogden, 1999; Perls, 1973; Rogers, 1961; Stern, 2004) , there seems to be a lack of research in relation to how these phenomena are experienced and what role they play in the therapeutic process. Eight counselling psychologists with ten years of experience in clinical practice were recruited and interviewed using semi-structured interviews. Different aspects of these experiences were explored through applying the qualitative method known as Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (Smith, 2004). The findings suggest that the way counselling psychologists experience phenomena that cannot be understood strongly relates to anxiety, fear and uncertainty, drawing attention to deep feelings of vulnerability and insecurity. The results demonstrate the ambivalent meanings of such experiences in the therapeutic process, and their significance in the process of therapy. The thesis also comprises the way in which counselling psychologists spoke about these phenomena and how these occurrences were managed by counselling psychologists. Some conclusions were made about what kind of knowledge counselling psychologists relied on while making sense of such phenomena. The recommendations made as a result of the research show validity as they closely relate to the way counselling psychologists explore their own identity as professionals. Also, the research highlighted the essentiality of exploring the role of theoretical knowledge and reflexivity for counselling psychologists. The research also explores unanticipated findings such as the existence of those experiences that need to remain undefinable and the ability of counselling psychologists to let go of the need to make sense of phenomena. The study also addresses the limitations and implications of the research, and suggestions for further research are indicated.
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Rosten, Jonatan Hans Niclas. "The ZZ → 4l process and anomalous triple gauge couplings with ATLAS at the LHC." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271838.

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This thesis is a presentation of an analysis of the $ZZ\rightarrow 4\ell$ ($\ell = e,\mu$) process in proton-proton collisions with centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV at the LHC during 2015 and 2016 (a total integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb$^{-1}$), using the ATLAS detector. Candidate $ZZ \rightarrow 4\ell$ events are selected in the three decay channels, $4e$, $2e2\mu$ and $4\mu$. The cross section of the $ZZ\rightarrow 4\ell$ process is measured in four fiducial regions closely matching the detector acceptance: one for each decay channel ($4e$, $2e2\mu$ and $4\mu$) and one for the combination of all decay channels. The total cross section of $pp\rightarrow ZZ$ is measured in a phase-space in which both $Z$ bosons have a mass $m_{Z}$ in the range 66 GeV $ < m_{Z} < $ 116 GeV to be 16.5 $\pm 0.5$ (stat.) $\pm 0.4$ (syst.) $\pm 0.5$ (lumi.)$\,$ pb which is consistent with a next-to-next-to-leading-order prediction of $16.9^{+0.6}_{-0.5}$ pb. Observed event yields in four bins of transverse momentum are used to set 95{\%} CL$_{\text{s}}$ limits on four neutral triple gauge couplings ($f^{V}_{i}$, $V=Z,\gamma$, $i=4,5$) which parameterise an effective $ZZV$ vertex (assuming both $Z$ bosons are on shell). The obtained limits are of the order of $|f^{V}_{i}|<0.0017$.
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Holt, Nicola J. "Creativity, altered states of consciousness and anomalous cognition : the role of epistemological flexibility in the creative process." Thesis, University of Northampton, 2007. http://nectar.northampton.ac.uk/2847/.

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In this PhD research a question is posed that concerns ‘varieties of creativity’ that have infrequently been explored empirically, although often described anecdotally. This question being: is, and if so, how, is creativity related to altered states of consciousness (ASCs) and parapsychological experiences? This thesis systematically explores the relationship between multiple dimensions of creativity and: personality traits characterised by an openness to intrapersonal experience and a fluid cognitive-style; specific altered states of consciousness and anomalous experiences (such as mystical experiences and subjective paranormal experiences); and anomalous cognition. The common thread is conceived as an examination of the extent to which creativity might involve ‘epistemological flexibility’ — that is, involves shifts into, and between, different ‘ways of knowing’. As such, a major part of this thesis was the psychometric development of a new self-report instrument, the Creative Cognition Inventory, which measures the reported use of different epistemological resources (such as intuition, dreams and rational logic) in the creative process. Creativity is defined in terms of a process, participated in at the person-level, which leads to a novel and adaptive product or performance. Drawing upon models of the creative process and person, it is suggested that a biphasic process is common to most theories of creativity, and that individuals with particular traits have been hypothesised to engage in this with more facility. Models that have explored cognitive, affective and perceptual ‘looseness’ as facilitating novelty are examined. As altered states of consciousness involve subjective shifts in these same dimensions, it is proposed that creativity and ASCs may be experientially related, either directly, or in terms of an overarching trait, such as ‘boundary-thinness’ or ‘transliminality’, which propitiates both. A multi-dimensional approach was taken to creativity measurement, accepting its complexity as a componential construct that might consist of multiple creativities. In Study One, the benefits of a multidimensional approach to creativity measurement were evident, refuting earlier work that had used only cognitive estimates of creativity and found no relationship with either boundary-thinness or transliminality. These constructs are experiential-traits that assess ones degree of intrapersonal openness, cognitive fluidity and sensitivity, and are associated with a proclivity to have unusual experiences. In Study One, they were found to be significantly correlated with both domain general measures of creativity (creative personality) and domain specific measures (emotional creativity and involvement in the arts). The sample for Study One consisted of 65 psychology undergraduates (49 females; 16 males). A second study assessed the degree to which different dimensions of creativity were related to different experiences of consciousness. 211 participants were recruited from the general population through opportunity sampling (108 females; 101 males). The sample included professional artists (n = 36) and scientists (n = 27). Competing models of a relationship between creativity and ASC-proclivity were assessed: cognitive expansion; affective openness; and motivational impetus. This study provided numerous insights into the experiences of consciousness that might be related to varieties of creativity. The key findings were that emotional creativity was most robustly associated with ASCs; artistic creative-personality was associated with ‘positive’ ASCs, including those along an oneiric continuum (e.g. hypnagogia and hallucinations), and those along an affective expansion continuum (e.g. dissociation and positive mystical experiences). Further, original and flexible cognition appeared to be associated with states along an oneiric continuum. Thus, Study Two found support for the affective and cognitive models, yet within different ranges of experience. This ‘model’ helps to clarify, by using heterogeneous, rather than homogenous constructs of ‘unusual experiences’, specific processes by which ASCs and creativity may be related and as such deserves further exploration. The final piece of research developed a novel protocol for recording impressions thought by participants to involve extrasensory perception (ESP) and associated states of consciousness in daily life, using experience- sampling methodology. As success in ESP experiments has consistently been reported amongst visual artists, the above models were used to explore what aspects of the creativity complex might be associated with ESP-performance. As only emotional creativity related to the reporting of parapsychological experiences in Study Two, the affective openness model was expected to predict ESP-performance. Further, a carefully matched control group (n = 15) was used against which to compare success of artists (n = 15). Artists did not demonstrate a superior ESP effect in this study, although they did perform at a level commensurate with previous research. The affective openness hypothesis for ESP performance was rejected. Rather, it was questioned whether previous studies had not adequately matched controls or that the ‘take-home’ methodology, perhaps increasing relaxation and control for the participants, increased performance levels for the non-artists
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Škultéty, Viktor. "Critical behaviour of directed percolation process in the presence of compressible velocity field." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Fysikum, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-144061.

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Renormalization group analysis is a useful tool for studying critical behaviour of stochastic systems. In this thesis, field-theoretic renormalization group will be applied to the scalar model representing directed percolation, known as Gribov model, in presence of the random velocity field. Turbulent mixing will be modelled by the compressible form of stochastic Navier-Stokes equation where the compressibility is described by an additional field related to the density. The task will be to find corresponding scaling properties.
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Gao, Jun. "Measurement of the WW production cross-section in Proton-Proton Collisions at sqrt（s） = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4066.

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Le Modéle Standard (MS), actuelle théorie fondamentale de la physique des particules, fournit une description des particules élémentaires et de plusieurs interactions fondamentales : les forces électromagnétique, forte et faible. Au Centre Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire (CERN), des scientifiques du monde entier cherchent à com- prendre les lois fondamentales régissant l’Univers. LHC (Large Hadron Collider), pour les faire entrer en collision au centre des détecteurs et obtenir des indications quant à la manière dont les particules interagissent et ainsi appréhender les lois fondamentales de la nature. L’expérience ATLAS(roidalLhcApparatuS), couvre un large spectre de mesures physiques, incluant des mesures de précision du MS, la recherche du boson de Higgs, ou de trace de nouvelle physique. L’expérience CMS a un programme similaire. Les événements W⁺W⁻ sont sélectionnés à partir de trois états finaux : ee, eµ, and µµ. Afin de réduire le bruit de fond, constitué principalement de processus Drell-Yan ou de paires t¯t, une coupure est appliquée sur l’énergie transverse manquante, et les événements contenant des jets hadroniques satisfaisant certains critères de sélection sont rejetés. Les principaux bruits de fonds résiduels, essentiellement des processus W+jets, top, Z+jets, sont estimés à l’aide de modèles établis à partir des données observées (méthodes data driven). Ces méthodes d’estimation sont validées en les comparants à d’autres méthodes indépendantes. La section efficace mesurée est 71.0⁺¹⋅¹₋₁⋅₁(stat)⁺⁵⋅⁷₋₅⋅₀(syst)⁺²⋅¹₋₂⋅₀(lumi) pb, en accord avec la prédiction NNLO du MS de 63.2⁺²⋅⁰₋₁⋅₈pb
The Standard Model (SM), actual fundamental theory for particle physics, provides a description of the elementary particles and the fundamental interactions: the electromagnetic, weak and strong forces. At the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), physicists and engineers from all over the world are searching to understand the fundamental laws of the universe. It is at CERN that the world's largest and most sophisticated experimental instruments have been built, to accelerate particles at the energy of 3.5-4 TeV with the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS (ATLAS), one of the four main detectors at LHC. In ATLAS, di-boson production is one of the most important electro-weak processes.The electro-weak sector of the SM, as well as the strong interactions, can be tested through the precision measurements of the W⁺W⁻ production cross section. A measurement of the W⁺W⁻ production cross section in 8 TeV center of mass proton-proton collisions is presented here from data collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC for a total integrated luminosity of 20.3 fb⁻¹. The W⁺W⁻ events are selected with 3 final states: ee, eµ, and µµ. In order to suppress the background contamination, mainly from the Drell-Yan and ttbar processes, a cut on missing transverse energy is applied and events with hadronic jets satisfying appropriate selection criteria are rejected. The major backgrounds, mainly including W +jets, top and Z+jets, are estimated by data driven technique. The measured cross section is 71.0⁺¹⋅¹₋₁⋅₁(stat)⁺⁵⋅⁷₋₅⋅₀(syst)⁺²⋅¹₋₂⋅₀(lumi) pb, which is consistent with SM Next-to-Next-Leading-Order prediction of 63.2⁺²⋅⁰₋₁⋅₈ pb
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Roca, Chunga Guiuliana Krystal, and Echevarría Irving Godofredo Tristán. "Mejora del proceso de monitoreo de accesos y comportamiento de usuarios en entorno cloud." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656443.

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El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo mejorar el proceso de Monitoreo de Accesos y Comportamiento de Usuarios en Entorno Cloud de la gerencia de Seguridad Tecnológica, este proceso es uno de los principales controles en el programa de seguridad de la información y ciberseguridad de Mibanco por contribuir en la detección oportuna de eventos de seguridad, evitar incidentes que pudieran afectar a la organización y por el cumplimiento de estándares de seguridad que debe cumplir toda entidad financiera. El trabajo de investigación se desarrolló en seis capítulos donde en primer lugar, se detalla el Marco Teórico utilizado; luego en el capítulo de Desarrollo de Proyecto, se realiza el análisis de la arquitectura empresarial y la identificación de los problemas objetivos que se deben trabajar para la mejora del proceso. Asimismo, en los demás capítulos se desarrolló la arquitectura de software de solución y la gestión del proyecto.
The objective of this research work is to improve the process of Monitoring Accesses and User Behavior in the Cloud Environment of the Technological Security management, this process is one of the main controls in the information security and cybersecurity program of Mibanco by contribute to the timely detection of security events, avoid incidents that could affect the organization and for the fulfillment of security standards that every financial entity must comply with. The research work was developed in six chapters where, first, the Theoretical Framework used is detailed; Then, in the Project Development chapter, the analysis of the business architecture and the identification of the objective problems that must be worked on to improve the process is carried out. Likewise, in the other chapters the solution software architecture and project management were developed.
Tesis
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Paulin, Carl. "Detecting anomalies in data streams driven by ajump-diffusion process." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-184230.

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Jump-diffusion processes often model financial time series as they can simulate the random jumps that they frequently exhibit. These jumps can be seen as anomalies and are essential for financial analysis and model building, making them vital to detect.The realized variation, realized bipower variation, and realized semi-variation were tested to see if one could use them to detect jumps in a jump-diffusion process and if anomaly detection algorithms can use them as features to improve their accuracy. The algorithms tested were Isolation Forest, Robust Random Cut Forest, and Isolation Forest Algorithm for Streaming Data, where the latter two use streaming data. This was done by generating a Merton jump-diffusion process with a varying jump-rate and tested using each algorithm with each of the features. The performance of each algorithm was measured using the F1-score to compare the difference between features and algorithms. It was found that the algorithms were improved from using the features; Isolation Forest saw improvement from using one, or more, of the named features. For the streaming algorithms, Robust Random Cut Forest performed the best for every jump-rate except the lowest. Using a combination of the features gave the highest F1-score for both streaming algorithms. These results show one can use these features to extract jumps, as anomaly scores, and improve the accuracy of the algorithms, both in a batch and stream setting.
Hopp-diffusionsprocesser används regelbundet för att modellera finansiella tidsserier eftersom de kan simulera de slumpmässiga hopp som ofta uppstår. Dessa hopp kan ses som anomalier och är viktiga för finansiell analys och modellbyggnad, vilket gör dom väldigt viktiga att hitta. Den realiserade variationen, realiserade bipower variationen, och realiserade semi-variationen är faktorer av en tidsserie som kan användas för att hitta hopp i hopp-diffusionprocesser. De används här för att testa om anomali-detektionsalgoritmer kan använda funktionerna för att förbättra dess förmåga att detektera hopp. Algoritmerna som testades var Isolation Forest, Robust Random Cut Forest, och Isolation Forest Algoritmen för Strömmande data, där de två sistnämnda använder strömmande data. Detta gjordes genom att genera data från en Merton hopp-diffusionprocess med varierande hoppfrekvens där de olika algoritmerna testades med varje funktion samt med kombinationer av funktioner. Prestationen av varje algoritm beräknades med hjälp av F1-värde för att kunna jämföra algoritmerna och funktionerna med varandra. Det hittades att funktionerna kan användas för att extrahera hopp från hopp-diffusionprocesser och även använda de som en indikator för när hopp skulle ha hänt. Algoritmerna fick även ett högre F1-värde när de använde funktionerna. Isolation Forest fick ett förbättrat F1-värde genom att använda en eller fler utav funktionerna och hade ett högre F1-värde än att bara använda funktionerna för att detektera hopp. Robust Random Cut Forest hade högst F1-värde av de två algoritmer som använde strömmande data och båda fick högst F1-värde när man använde en kombination utav alla funktioner. Resultatet visar att dessa funktioner fungerar för att extrahera hopp från hopprocesser, använda dem för att detektera hopp, och att algoritmernas förmåga att detektera hoppen ökade med hjälp av funktionerna.
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Fica, Tapia María Fernanda. "Detección de anomalías en un proceso de carguío autónomo." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/169246.

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Memoria para optar al título de Ingeniera Civil Eléctrica
La automatización de la maquinaria dentro de la minería es una tendencia que ha cobrado mayor importancia con el transcurso del tiempo, principalmente por el ambiente peligroso e impredecible en el que deben ser manejadas, lo que genera una serie de riesgos para los operadores manuales de los equipos. Lo anterior sumado a los potenciales beneficios económicos por aumento del factor de utilización, reducción del desgaste de los componentes y operación eficiente de la máquina, hacen del concepto de la minería autónoma una promesa interesante. El objetivo de este trabajo es crear un detector de anomalías para el proceso de carguío autónomo de maquinaria minera, en donde la anomalía se define como la necesidad de impactar más de una vez contra la pila de recolección para llenar el balde del cargador. Para esto se utilizaron los datos de operación obtenidos de un cargador LHD utilizado en la minera 'San Gerónimo'. Debido a la complejidad física de estos sistemas, se utilizará un modelo no paramétrico para la modelación del proceso, el cual corresponde a un modelo basado en similitud (SBM de sus siglas en inglés). Se creará una metodología para obtener un modelo que contengan las variables explicativas del proceso y con el que se pueda generar una rutina de detección que avise al operario en caso de que las señales medidas mientras carga sean similares a las caracterizadas en el modelo SBM como anomalía. La metodología propuesta en este trabajo fue probada con los datos obtenidos en la minera, con los cuales se obtuvo un error de un 7,5% en la detección de carguíos anómalos. También se probó la metodología con datos de carguío manual, en donde un operador manejaba en la mina el cargador de forma remota. En este caso los resultados no fueron tan positivos como en el caso autónomo, en donde se consiguió que el detector errara en promedio un 23,3% de las veces que fue probado. Como principales conclusiones, se verifica el uso de modelos no paramétricos para la caracterización de procesos multivariables, sin embargo la metodología desarrollada sólo es aplicable a la maquinaria estudiada. También se destaca la importancia de datos variados para la creación de los modelos, es decir, que contengan diferentes puntos de operación del proceso. En particular en el caso de los carguíos autónomos, existe una mayor complejidad para caracterizar el carguío, dado que se necesita recolectar los datos de muchos operarios para tener una matriz de entrada rica en información, no así en el caso autónomo donde el hecho de utilizar una secuencia programada reduce la cantidad de datos necesarios para la modelación.
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Books on the topic "Anomalous process"

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Mullins, John W. The process of timely strategic marketing change: Punctuations, influences and anomalies. Cambridge, Mass: Marketing Science Institute, 1995.

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Mullins, John W. The process of timely strategic marketing change: Punctuations, influences and anomalies. Cambridge, Mass: Marketing Science Institute, 1995.

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Ring, L. R. Process development and fabrication of space station type aluminum-clad graphite epoxy struts. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1990.

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Regularised integrals, sums, and traces: An analytic point of view. Providence, R.I: American Mathematical Society, 2012.

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Daniel. [from old catalog] Campos, Vicenç Méndez, and Frederic Bartumeus. Stochastic Foundations in Movement Ecology: Anomalous Diffusion, Front Propagation and Random Searches. Springer London, Limited, 2013.

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Daniel. [from old catalog] Campos, Vicenç Méndez, and Frederic Bartumeus. Stochastic Foundations in Movement Ecology: Anomalous Diffusion, Front Propagation and Random Searches. Springer, 2013.

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Daniel. [from old catalog] Campos, Vicenç Méndez, and Frederic Bartumeus. Stochastic Foundations in Movement Ecology: Anomalous Diffusion, Front Propagation and Random Searches. Springer, 2016.

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Daniel. [from old catalog] Campos, Vicenç Méndez, and Frederic Bartumeus. Stochastic Foundations in Movement Ecology: Anomalous Diffusion, Front Propagation and Random Searches. Springer, 2013.

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Coleman, John J. Monitoring Prescriptions, Third-Party Healthcare Payers, Prescription Benefit Managers, and Private-Sector Policy Options. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199981830.003.0003.

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This chapter discusses how opioids are diverted from legitimate to illegitimate channels and examines the systems that have been developed to keep track of these drugs by monitoring their prescribing and dispensing. Also covered are the regulations that enable authorities to scrutinize manufacturers and distributors for anomalous transactions that might signal diversion. The chapter also discusses potential strategies involving the private sector, which has a corresponding interest in curtailing waste, fraud, and abuse in the third-party healthcare payer systems that each year process billions of prescriptions for drugs, including controlled substances. The chapter looks at the role of pharmacy benefit managers in the dispensing of controlled substances. The potential benefits of adding pharmacy benefit managers to the present classes of business activities regulated by the Drug Enforcement Administration are explored.
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Cohen, Maurie J. Workers—and Consumers—of the World Unite! Opportunities for Hybrid Co-operativism. Edited by Jonathan Michie, Joseph R. Blasi, and Carlo Borzaga. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199684977.013.26.

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It has long been acknowledged that co-operatives can buffer economic insecurity, offset some of the vagaries of market capitalism, and enhance social solidarity. An interesting—and in many respects peculiar—facet of the history of co-operativism is how worker (or producer) cooperatives and consumer cooperatives have evolved along completely separate trajectories. Yet production and consumption are inextricably bound up in tight configurations. Moreover, no one is exclusively a producer or consumer and we repeatedly and iteratively change roles, often numerous times during the course of a single day. We seem, though, to be at an auspicious moment to rectify this anomalous situation. This chapter outlines the notion of multi-stakeholder co-operativism and highlights how worker-consumer cooperatives can bridge this enduring divide. These organizations can also inculcate democratic values and solidaristic social relations that will be essential for easing the process of innovating a new system of social organization over the next few decades.
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Book chapters on the topic "Anomalous process"

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Cooper, Callum E., Chris A. Roe, and Graham Mitchell. "Anomalous Experiences and the Bereavement Process." In Death, Dying, and Mysticism, 117–31. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137472083_8.

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Chen, Wen, HongGuang Sun, and Xicheng Li. "Fractional Diffusion Model, Anomalous Statistics and Random Process." In Fractional Derivative Modeling in Mechanics and Engineering, 115–57. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8802-7_4.

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Yau, Ken, Kam-Pui Chow, and Siu-Ming Yiu. "Detecting Anomalous Programmable Logic Controller Events Using Process Mining." In Critical Infrastructure Protection XV, 119–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93511-5_6.

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Armentano, Marcelo G., and Analía A. Amandi. "Detection of Sequences with Anomalous Behavior in a Workflow Process." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 111–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22849-5_8.

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Mozafari Mehr, Azadeh Sadat, Renata M. de Carvalho, and Boudewijn van Dongen. "Detecting Complex Anomalous Behaviors in Business Processes: A Multi-perspective Conformance Checking Approach." In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 44–56. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27815-0_4.

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AbstractIn recent years, organizations are putting an increasing emphasis on anomaly detection. Anomalies in business processes can be an indicator of system faults, inefficiencies, or even fraudulent activities. In this paper we introduce an approach for anomaly detection. Our approach considers different perspectives of a business process such as control flow, data and privacy aspects simultaneously.Therefore, it is able to detect complex anomalies in business processes like spurious data processing and misusage of authorizations. The approach has been implemented in the open source ProM framework and its applicability was evaluated through a real-life dataset from a financial organization. The experiment implies that in addition to detecting anomalies of each aspect, our approach can detect more complex anomalies which relate to multiple perspectives of a business process.
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Gupta, Nisha, Kritika Anand, and Ashish Sureka. "Pariket: Mining Business Process Logs for Root Cause Analysis of Anomalous Incidents." In Databases in Networked Information Systems, 244–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16313-0_19.

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Lebrun, Stéphanie, Stéphane Kaloustian, Raphaël Rollier, and Colin Barschel. "GNSS Positioning Security: Automatic Anomaly Detection on Reference Stations." In Critical Information Infrastructures Security, 60–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93200-8_4.

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AbstractThe dependency of critical infrastructures on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) keeps increasing over the years. This over-reliance brings concerns as those systems are vulnerable and consequently prone to human-made perturbations, such as jamming and spoofing attacks. Solutions for detecting such disturbances are therefore crucially needed to raise GNSS users’ awareness and protection. This paper suggests an approach for detecting anomalous events (i.e., potentially an attack attempt) based on measurements recorded by Continuously Operating GNSS Reference Stations (CORS). Precisely, the anomaly detection process first consists in modeling the normal behavior of a given signal thanks to a predictive model which combines the Seasonal and Trend decomposition using LOESS and ARIMA algorithms. This model can then be used to predict the upcoming measurement values. Finally, we compare the predictions to the actual observations with a statistical rule and assess if those are normal or anomalous. While our anomaly detection approach is intended for real-time use, we assess its effectiveness on historical data. For simplicity and independence, we also focus on the Carrier-to-Noise Ratio only, though similar methods could apply to other observables. Our results prove the sensitivity of the proposed detection on a reported case of unintentional disturbance. Other anomalies in the historical data are also uncovered using that methodology and presented in this paper.
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Hopersky, Alexey N., and Victor A. Yavna. "Research Results of the Process of the Anomalous Elastic X-Ray Photon Scattering by a Many-Electron System." In Scattering of Photons by Many-Electron Systems, 1–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04256-0_1.

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Zumofen, G., J. Klafter, and A. Blumen. "Models for Anomalous Diffusion." In Disorder Effects on Relaxational Processes, 251–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78576-4_8.

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Awad, Ahmed, Gero Decker, and Niels Lohmann. "Diagnosing and Repairing Data Anomalies in Process Models." In Business Process Management Workshops, 5–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-12186-9_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Anomalous process"

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Matsumoto, Osamu, Kan Kimura, Yuko Saito, Haruo Uyama, and Tsuyoshi Yaita. "Tritium production process - comparison between neutron emission rate and tritium production rate." In Anomalous nuclear effects in deuterium/solid systems. AIP, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.40670.

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Mu, Shaomin, Shengfeng Tian, and Chuanhuan Yin. "Using Length-weighted Once Kernel to Detect Anomalous Process." In Third International Conference on Natural Computation (ICNC 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnc.2007.802.

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Mourad, Abdel-Hamid I., and Aladdin Abu-Assi. "Effect of Machining Process on Stable Crack Growth." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-78085.

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This paper aims to present an experimental evidence of the effect of machining process on stable crack growth behaviour (SCG) through AISI 4340 low alloy steel. Brittle fracture behaviour had been discovered in a batch of compact tension CT specimens, unlike previous batches that had shown ductile (stable crack growth) behaviour. This was unexpected, and indeed, was anomalous. An investigation was thus carried out to understand what processes that have affected the behaviour. Such anomalous brittle behaviour was observed while performing the fracture test on the affected specimen. The load-load displacement (P-ΔLL) curves show that the “normal” specimen exhibiting stable crack growth and the non-linear region, in the anomalous curve of the anomalous specimens, is rather limited. This indicates very limited, if any, stable crack growth. Fracture tests were carried out on CT specimens with different heat treatments to find the cause of this unexpected embrittlement. Microhardness measurements, tensile tests and microscopic (SEM) examination were also carried out and reported. The results suggest that, a great attention is needed during machining process to avoid accidental changes in the properties and to avoid misleading experimental results.
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McMaster, Kirby, Samuel Sambasivam, and Nicole Anderson. "How Anomalous Is Beladv's Anomaly?" In InSITE 2009: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3390.

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In a virtual memory system using demand paging, the page fault rate of a process varies with the number of memory frames allocated to the process. When an increase in the number of frames allocated leads to an increase in the number of page faults, Belady's anomaly is said to occur. In this study we used computer simulation to examine four conditions that affect the incidence of Belady's anomaly: (1) page replacement algorithm (FIFO vs. Random Page), (2) process size, (3) reference string length, and (4) memory frames allocated to the process. We found that over a wide range of process sizes and reference string lengths, Belady's anomaly occurred for up to 58.6% of the (random) reference strings under FIFO, and up to 100% of the reference strings for Random Page. Under conditions where anomalies occur most often, the average frame allocation level was around 75% of the process size for FIFO, but just over 50% of the process size for Random Page. Throughout the study, Belady's anomaly occurred so frequently that it no longer seems anomalous. This is especially true for the Random Page algorithm.
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Moriwaki, Kosuke, Gaku Nakano, and Tetsuo Inoshita. "The BRIO-TA Dataset: Understanding Anomalous Assembly Process in Manufacturing." In 2022 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icip46576.2022.9897369.

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Satterthwaite, Peter F., Ananth Saran Yalamarthy, Sam Vaziri, Miguel Munoz Rojo, Eric Pop, and Debbie G. Senesky. "Process-induced anomalous current transport in graphene/InAlN/GaN heterostructured diodes." In 2019 IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium (IRPS). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irps.2019.8720465.

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V. V., Sagaradze, Shabashov V. A., Kataeva N. V., Kozlov K. A. Kozlov,, and Kuznetsov A. R. Kuznetsov1. "Anomalous Diffusion Transformations in Steels during Nanostructuring Process under Cold Deformation." In NANOMATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGIES-VI. Buryat State University Publishing Department, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18101/978-5-9793-0883-8-185-189.

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Zhu, Min, Feiyu Lai, Xinyu Chen, and Zhuyang Jing. "Time-Dependent Fractional Dynamics of Anomalous Diffusion Process on Complex Networks." In 2022 37th Youth Academic Annual Conference of Chinese Association of Automation (YAC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/yac57282.2022.10023695.

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Rodriguez, Dryonis, Paul Clare, Rohit Srikonda, and Monika Suvarna. "Stampede Digital Twin: An Advanced Solution for Process Equipment Condition Monitoring." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210106-ms.

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Abstract A dynamic digital twin solution has been implemented to enable process equipment condition monitoring on key topsides equipment such as gas compressors, compressor suction and discharge coolers, seawater lift pumps, cooling medium coolers, and various filters. Equipment condition monitoring is enabled by performing virtual measurements, equipment degradation assessment and detection of anomalous process conditions. The existing Stampede Multi-Purpose Dynamic Simulation model was repurposed as a real-time performance monitoring model. This model was connected to a historian to read real-time data enabling virtual measurement and equipment performance analysis. Dynamic online clustering of the process variables measured from field and rolling regression on the performance monitoring model output is performed to estimate the remaining useful life and detect anomalous process conditions. Virtual measurements from the real-time digital twin gives more insight into the performance of the production facility, which helps operators and engineers more efficiently troubleshoot equipment issues. The proposed data analytics methodology is implemented on a Boost Gas Compressor (BGC) installed on the Stampede facility. Two years of historic data from the Stampede facility has been used for this case study to estimate remaining useful life and detect anomalous operation conditions that result in damage to the system eventually requiring a replacement or causing a shutdown. For the BGC case study presented, we were able to detect the anomalous operating conditions for the BGC about 6 days prior to a defect being detected by the maintenance crew on the discharge cooler. It is possible to avoid damage to the gas compression system if we can detect when the BGC is being operated in an anomalous operating condition and prevent early replacement of expensive equipment. The proposed dynamic digital twin provides better insights for condition monitoring of equipment in an oil and gas facility using both the field sensor data and the physics-based models. In addition to performance deviation measurements, integration of field sensor data with physics-based models provides virtual measurement at locations where actual field sensors are not available. Dynamic clustering helps tackle the lack of information about gas molecular weight in real-time.
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Riveiro, Maria, Göran Falkman, Tom Ziemke, and Thomas Kronhamn. "Reasoning about anomalies: a study of the analytical process of detecting and identifying anomalous behavior in maritime traffic data." In SPIE Defense, Security, and Sensing, edited by William J. Tolone and William Ribarsky. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.818117.

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Reports on the topic "Anomalous process"

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Roberts, C. D., and R. Alkofer. Study of the anomalous process {gamma}{pi}{yields}{pi}{pi}. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/166446.

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Riccardella, Scott. PR-335-143705-R01 Study on Reliability of In-ditch NDE for SCC Anomalies. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011529.

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Pipeline operators are increasingly finding pipeline degradation in the form of crack-like defects associated with stress corrosion cracking and are challenged in selecting and employing nondestructive examination techniques that can reliably determine the maximum depth and axial depth profile of these anomalies. This information is essential in determining whether the line is fit for service and for how long; which areas require repair; what repair methods may be deemed acceptable; and whether in-line inspection was successful in detecting and prioritizing anomalies. This work further investigates and quantifies the capabilities and limitations of different nondestructive examination methodologies that are typically used and/or identified as feasible for the characterization of crack-like features. The objective of this project was to develop and implement a process to evaluate the applicability, accuracy, and sensitivity of different nondestructive examination methodologies in sizing stress corrosion cracking anomalies. This report outlines the nondestructive examination methodologies selected, the test processes and protocols used, the crack truth verification processes used, and the analysis of the final results.
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Tandon, Samarth, and Ravi Krishnamurthy. PR328-163605-R01 Methodology for Assessing Seam Weld Anomalies Using In-Line Inspection Data. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), December 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0011638.

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The effective integrity management of seam weld defects in pipelines is a challenge for the pipeline operators. The current In-Line Inspection (ILI) technologies can detect linear anomalies in the seam weld but have a limited capability in discriminating different types of features, such as crack and crack-like features, hook cracks, notch-type lack of fusion (LOF) indications, and inclusions. Due to this limitation, pipeline operators have to assume ILI reported linear indications as cracks and utilize the most conservative methods for assessment. This conservatism may have led to unnecessary excavations of non-severe features making it economically cost-ineffective in terms of integrity management of seam weld defects in pipelines. This report provides an insight into the ILI and non-destructive evaluation (NDE) tool performance for seam weld anomaly detection, identification, and size characterization. Different methodologies for seam weld defect assessment are discussed and evaluated. ILI, NDE, and laboratory (lab) validation data are utilized to develop a process for integrity management of the seam weld anomalies for gas and liquid pipelines.
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Lutz, Carsten. Reasoning about Entity Relationship Diagrams with Complex Attribute Dependencies. Aachen University of Technology, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.119.

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Entity Relationship (ER) diagrams are among the most popular formalisms for the support of database design [7, 12, 17, 6]. Their classical use in the (usually computer aided) database design process can roughly be described as follows: after evaluating the requirements of the application, the database designer constructs an ER schema, which represents the conceptual model of the new database. CASE tools can be used to automatically transform the ER schema into a relational database schema, which is then manually fine-tuned. During the last years, the initially rather simple ER formalisms has been extended by various means of expressivity to account for new, more complex application areas such as schema integration for data warehouses [12, 3, 13]. Designing a conceptual model with such enriched ER diagrams is a nontrivial task: there exist complex interactions between the various means of expressivity, which quite often result in unnoticed inconsistencies in the ER schemas and in implicit ramifications of the modeling that have not been intended by the designer. To address this problem, Description Logics (DLs) have been proposed and succesfully used as a tool for reasoning about ER diagrams and thereby detecting the aforementioned anomalies [5, 6, 8].
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Berndt, Christian. RV SONNE Fahrtbericht / Cruise Report SO277 OMAX: Offshore Malta Aquifer Exploration, Emden (Germany) – Emden (Germany), 14.08. – 03.10.2020. GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/geomar_rep_ns_57_20.

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SO277 OMAX served two scientific projects. The objectives of the first project, SMART, were to develop multi-disciplinary methodologies to detect, quantify, and model offshore groundwater reservoirs in regions dominated by carbonate geology such as the Mediterranean Sea. To this end we acquired controlled-source electromagnetic, seismic, hydroacoustic, geochemical, seafloor imagery data off Malta. Preliminary evaluation of the geophysical data show that there are resisitivity anomalies that may represent offshore freshwater aquifers. The absence of evidence for offshore springs means that these aquifers would be confined and that it will be difficult to use them in a sustainable manner. The objective of the second project, MAPACT-ETNA, is to monitor the flank of Etna volcano on Sicily which is slowly deforming seaward. Here, we deployed six seafloor geodesy stations and six ocean bottom seismometers for long-term observation (1-3 years). In addition, we mapped the seafloor off Mt. Etna and off the island of Stromboli to constrain the geological processes that control volcanic flank stability.
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Macrory, Cara. PR727-213904-R01 Considerations for Crack ILI Response in Hazardous Liquids Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012209.

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The American Petroleum Institute (API) initiated this project through Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), to apprise industry consensus recommended practices regarding reasonable and prudent crack in-line inspection (ILI) response criteria for hazardous liquid pipelines based on a comprehensive and informed consideration of current practices, processes, research, ILI performance and the industry's operating history. API Recommended Practice (RP) 1176, Assessment and Management of Cracking in Pipelines, are currently being prepared. A target date for a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM) from the U.S. Department of Transportation's (DOT) Pipeline and Hazardous Material Safety Administration (PHMSA) for Title 49 Code of Federal Regulation (CFR) and sect;195.452 has not been communicated at this time, however it is anticipated by the industry that an NPRM addressing changes to pipeline integrity management is forthcoming. The objective of this research is to substantiate API's stated depth and failure pressure ratio (FPR) response criteria applicable to ILI reported cracking anomalies in hazardous liquid pipelines, as well as facilitate operator and regulator technical insight sharing.
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7

Semiga and Tiku. PR-214-104505-R02 Improved Methods for Estimating Remaining Fatigue Life of ERW Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010204.

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While the general fracture mechanics methodology for calculating fatigue life is well documented and validated, its application in the definition of pipeline system fatigue lives have differed from field experience. The source and magnitude of the conservatism inherent in the calculated fatigue life estimates are a concern when establishing integrity management programs. Of particular interest are the fatigue life estimates used in the integrity management programs for ERW pipeline systems that are primarily concerned with pipe wall anomalies oriented along the pipe axis. This project was initiated to consider several elements of the fatigue life estimation process to identify if there were sources of conservatism that could be better managed to permit integrity management programs to produce life estimates with known levels of conservatism. The project considered: - Ovality and misalignment stress concentration factors; - Fatigue crack growth rate (da/dN) material performance; and - Bulging correction factor. Both experimental and numerical simulation techniques were used to consider the impact of these factors on rate of fatigue crack growth of pipeline axially oriented defects. The project results were compared to existing codified treatments to quantify the level of conservatism inherent in the current state of practice. Recommendations were provided to enhance the precision and manage conservatism in fatigue crack growth rate calculations used in integrity management. This work has a related webinar.
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Krause, Thomas, Mehrdad Keshefi, Ross Underhill, and Lynann Clapham. PR652-203801-R02 Magnetic Object Model for Large Standoff Magnetometry Measurement. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0012151.

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Ferromagnetic pipeline steel may exhibit magnetization, even in the absence of applied magnetic fields, due to remnant fields or the presence of pipe wall stress. Remnant magnetization may be present from previous or existing exposure to a magnetic field, while pipe wall stress induced magnetization can result from line pressure, environmental stresses due to settling or geohazard conditions, and residual stresses due to nonuniform plastic deformation caused by manufacturing processes, installation or operating conditions. The local stress state of the pipeline may also be altered by corrosion or damage. The physical basis for magnetization in pipelines due to intrinsic and resident stresses is examined here using the magnetic object (MO) model. MOs are characterized as regions of relatively independent magnetic behaviour, typically about the size of a ferromagnetic steel grain, to which expressions for the magnetic energy of local domain structures can be applied. The lowest energy state for an MO is a flux-closed structure, but the presence of stress can modify the MO energy through inverse magnetostrictive effects on the domain structure and thereby, produce a state of magnetization. This magnetization may be altered by the introduction of additional stress sources including pressurization of the pipe, geological-environment effects, sources of magnetization that include the proximity of other ferromagnetic pipes, even those comprising sections of the same pipeline, and changes in the pipe structure that may be brought about by deformation, corrosion or cracking. This work shows that the fundamental building block of the MO, combined with considerations of overall changes in domain structure due to these factors, can be used to model the generation of magnetic fields measured outside of pipeline structures. This will have implications for understanding sources of pipeline magnetization that are passively measured above buried oil and gas pipelines with the objective of detecting anomalous conditions that may indicate compromised conditions for safe pipeline operation.
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Tayeb, Shahab. Taming the Data in the Internet of Vehicles. Mineta Transportation Institute, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2014.

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As an emerging field, the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has a myriad of security vulnerabilities that must be addressed to protect system integrity. To stay ahead of novel attacks, cybersecurity professionals are developing new software and systems using machine learning techniques. Neural network architectures improve such systems, including Intrusion Detection System (IDSs), by implementing anomaly detection, which differentiates benign data packets from malicious ones. For an IDS to best predict anomalies, the model is trained on data that is typically pre-processed through normalization and feature selection/reduction. These pre-processing techniques play an important role in training a neural network to optimize its performance. This research studies the impact of applying normalization techniques as a pre-processing step to learning, as used by the IDSs. The impacts of pre-processing techniques play an important role in training neural networks to optimize its performance. This report proposes a Deep Neural Network (DNN) model with two hidden layers for IDS architecture and compares two commonly used normalization pre-processing techniques. Our findings are evaluated using accuracy, Area Under Curve (AUC), Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC), F-1 Score, and loss. The experimentations demonstrate that Z-Score outperforms no-normalization and the use of Min-Max normalization.
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Laroche, Hervé, and Véronique Steyer. L’apport des théories du sensemaking à la compréhension des risques et des crises. Fondation pour une culture de sécurité industrielle, October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.57071/208snv.

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Les théories du sensemaking, ou fabrication de sens, analysent la manière dont ceux qui participent à une action, et qui sont confrontés à une interruption, répondent à deux questions: Que se passe-t-il? Que faut-il faire maintenant? Les personnes plongées dans l’action ont souvent des difficultés à rester au contact du monde, et cette faillite de la fabrication du sens peut avoir des conséquences dramatiques. En s’appuyant sur de nombreuses études de cas, les auteurs présentent les fondements de la théorie du sensemaking — due au célèbre psychosociologue américain Karl Weick — et ses principaux apports. Le document s’intéresse aux différents facteurs et éléments influençant la capacité des participants à une action à rester en «contact» avec ce qu’il se passe dans «le monde». Notamment, il examine les difficultés à détecter des signes de dégradations de la sécurité, à signaler des anomalies, à adapter son action et à improviser de façon appropriée face à des situations imprévues. Il souligne notamment l’importance de la qualité des interactions entre membres d’un collectif de travail, à adapter les processus de décision pour que expertise et expérience priment sur hiérarchie (et permettre que les décisions à fort impact soient prises par les personnes disposant de la meilleure connaissance de la situation), ainsi que la manière dont le cadre et la culture organisationnels peuvent faciliter ou entraver la fabrication d’un sens menant à une action adaptée. Les facteurs pouvant influer sur le sensemaking sont analysés selon quatre axes: les facteurs individuels, les caractéristiques de la situation de travail, les facteurs liés au collectif de travail, et l’impact des processus d’organisation. En fin de document, cinq principes d’organisation visant à contrer les différents phénomènes négatifs liés à la perte de sens face à une situation risquée sont exposés.
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